Carrel name: keyword-icu-cord Creating study carrel named keyword-icu-cord Initializing database file: cache/cord-001322-7xmxcm35.json key: cord-001322-7xmxcm35 authors: Walden, Andrew P; Clarke, Geraldine M; McKechnie, Stuart; Hutton, Paula; Gordon, Anthony C; Rello, Jordi; Chiche, Jean-Daniel; Stueber, Frank; Garrard, Christopher S; Hinds, Charles J title: Patients with community acquired pneumonia admitted to European intensive care units: an epidemiological survey of the GenOSept cohort date: 2014-04-01 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/cc13812 sha: doc_id: 1322 cord_uid: 7xmxcm35 file: cache/cord-004263-m1ujhhsc.json key: cord-004263-m1ujhhsc authors: Koekkoek, W. A. C.; Menger, Y. A.; van Zanten, F. J. L.; van Dijk, D.; van Zanten, A. R. H. title: The effect of cisatracurium infusion on the energy expenditure of critically ill patients: an observational cohort study date: 2020-02-03 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-2744-7 sha: doc_id: 4263 cord_uid: m1ujhhsc file: cache/cord-002847-w3r0oetd.json key: cord-002847-w3r0oetd authors: Kanafani, Zeina A.; Zahreddine, Nada; Tayyar, Ralph; Sfeir, Jad; Araj, George F.; Matar, Ghassan M.; Kanj, Souha S. title: Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter species: a seven-year experience from a tertiary care center in Lebanon date: 2018-01-22 journal: Antimicrob Resist Infect Control DOI: 10.1186/s13756-017-0297-6 sha: doc_id: 2847 cord_uid: w3r0oetd file: cache/cord-001725-pw7coi3v.json key: cord-001725-pw7coi3v authors: Ballus, Josep; Lopez-Delgado, Juan C.; Sabater-Riera, Joan; Perez-Fernandez, Xose L.; Betbese, A. J.; Roncal, J. A. title: Surgical site infection in critically ill patients with secondary and tertiary peritonitis: epidemiology, microbiology and influence in outcomes date: 2015-07-30 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1050-5 sha: doc_id: 1725 cord_uid: pw7coi3v file: cache/cord-003701-i70ztypg.json key: cord-003701-i70ztypg authors: Chow, Eric J.; Doyle, Joshua D.; Uyeki, Timothy M. title: Influenza virus-related critical illness: prevention, diagnosis, treatment date: 2019-06-12 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2491-9 sha: doc_id: 3701 cord_uid: i70ztypg file: cache/cord-003085-7krf1yxz.json key: cord-003085-7krf1yxz authors: Li, Xi; Huang, Yongbo; Xu, Zhiheng; Zhang, Rong; Liu, Xiaoqing; Li, Yimin; Mao, Pu title: Cytomegalovirus infection and outcome in immunocompetent patients in the intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2018-06-28 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3195-5 sha: doc_id: 3085 cord_uid: 7krf1yxz file: cache/cord-003198-1kw5v6rm.json key: cord-003198-1kw5v6rm authors: Vuillard, Constance; Pineton de Chambrun, Marc; de Prost, Nicolas; Guérin, Claude; Schmidt, Matthieu; Dargent, Auguste; Quenot, Jean-Pierre; Préau, Sébastien; Ledoux, Geoffrey; Neuville, Mathilde; Voiriot, Guillaume; Fartoukh, Muriel; Coudroy, Rémi; Dumas, Guillaume; Maury, Eric; Terzi, Nicolas; Tandjaoui-Lambiotte, Yacine; Schneider, Francis; Grall, Maximilien; Guérot, Emmanuel; Larcher, Romaric; Ricome, Sylvie; Le Mao, Raphaël; Colin, Gwenhaël; Guitton, Christophe; Zafrani, Lara; Morawiec, Elise; Dubert, Marie; Pajot, Olivier; Mentec, Hervé; Plantefève, Gaëtan; Contou, Damien title: Clinical features and outcome of patients with acute respiratory failure revealing anti-synthetase or anti-MDA-5 dermato-pulmonary syndrome: a French multicenter retrospective study date: 2018-09-11 journal: Ann Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s13613-018-0433-3 sha: doc_id: 3198 cord_uid: 1kw5v6rm file: cache/cord-000349-k0p166fr.json key: cord-000349-k0p166fr authors: Olive, David; Georges, Hugues; Devos, Patrick; Boussekey, Nicolas; Chiche, Arnaud; Meybeck, Agnes; Alfandari, Serge; Leroy, Olivier title: Severe pneumococcal pneumonia: impact of new quinolones on prognosis date: 2011-03-15 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-66 sha: doc_id: 349 cord_uid: k0p166fr file: cache/cord-001938-n2d5fw2f.json key: cord-001938-n2d5fw2f authors: Ong, David S. Y.; Spitoni, Cristian; Klein Klouwenberg, Peter M. C.; Verduyn Lunel, Frans M.; Frencken, Jos F.; Schultz, Marcus J.; van der Poll, Tom; Kesecioglu, Jozef; Bonten, Marc J. M.; Cremer, Olaf L. title: Cytomegalovirus reactivation and mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome date: 2016-03-01 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-015-4071-z sha: doc_id: 1938 cord_uid: n2d5fw2f file: cache/cord-004404-s6udpwxq.json key: cord-004404-s6udpwxq authors: Seifi, Najmeh; Safarian, Mohammad; Nematy, Mohsen; Rezvani, Reza; Khadem-Rezaian, Majid; Sedaghat, Alireza title: Effects of synbiotic supplementation on energy and macronutrients homeostasis and muscle wasting of critical care patients: study protocol and a review of previous studies date: 2020-02-24 journal: Trials DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-4136-3 sha: doc_id: 4404 cord_uid: s6udpwxq file: cache/cord-004487-hrkj2y8o.json key: cord-004487-hrkj2y8o authors: Villa, Gianluca; Amass, Timothy; Giua, Rosa; Lanini, Iacopo; Chelazzi, Cosimo; Tofani, Lorenzo; McFadden, Rory; De Gaudio, A. Raffaele; OMahony, Sean; Levy, Mitchell M.; Romagnoli, Stefano title: Validation of END-of-life ScorING-system to identify the dying patient: a prospective analysis date: 2020-03-09 journal: BMC Anesthesiol DOI: 10.1186/s12871-020-00979-y sha: doc_id: 4487 cord_uid: hrkj2y8o file: cache/cord-000683-mig5zt5p.json key: cord-000683-mig5zt5p authors: Delgado-Rodríguez, Miguel; Castilla, Jesús; Godoy, Pere; Martín, Vicente; Soldevila, Nuria; Alonso, Jordi; Astray, Jenaro; Baricot, Maretva; Cantón, Rafael; Castro, Ady; Gónzález-Candelas, Fernando; Mayoral, José María; Quintana, José María; Pumarola, Tomás; Tamames, Sonia; Sáez, Marc; Domínguez, Angela title: Prognosis of hospitalized patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza in Spain: influence of neuraminidase inhibitors date: 2012-03-30 journal: J Antimicrob Chemother DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks098 sha: doc_id: 683 cord_uid: mig5zt5p file: cache/cord-000891-5r2in1gw.json key: cord-000891-5r2in1gw authors: Giannella, Maddalena; Rodríguez-Sánchez, Belen; Roa, Paula López; Catalán, Pilar; Muñoz, Patricia; de Viedma, Darío García; Bouza, Emilio title: Should lower respiratory tract secretions from intensive care patients be systematically screened for influenza virus during the influenza season? date: 2012-06-14 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/cc11387 sha: doc_id: 891 cord_uid: 5r2in1gw file: cache/cord-004284-2prli5s1.json key: cord-004284-2prli5s1 authors: Vahedian-Azimi, Amir; Bashar, Farshid R.; Khan, Abbas M.; Miller, Andrew C. title: Natural versus artificial light exposure on delirium incidence in ARDS patients date: 2020-02-05 journal: Ann Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s13613-020-0630-8 sha: doc_id: 4284 cord_uid: 2prli5s1 file: cache/cord-000892-l9862er0.json key: cord-000892-l9862er0 authors: Richard, Jean-Christophe Marie; Pham, Tài; Brun-Buisson, Christian; Reignier, Jean; Mercat, Alain; Beduneau, Gaëtan; Régnier, Bernard; Mourvillier, Bruno; Guitton, Christophe; Castanier, Matthias; Combes, Alain; Tulzo, Yves Le; Brochard, Laurent title: Interest of a simple on-line screening registry for measuring ICU burden related to an influenza pandemic date: 2012-07-09 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/cc11412 sha: doc_id: 892 cord_uid: l9862er0 file: cache/cord-001536-ta1i0ata.json key: cord-001536-ta1i0ata authors: Nair, Girish B; Niederman, Michael S title: Year in review 2013: critical care - respiratory infections date: 2014-10-29 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-014-0572-3 sha: doc_id: 1536 cord_uid: ta1i0ata file: cache/cord-004515-x22q1f21.json key: cord-004515-x22q1f21 authors: Pottecher, Julien; Noll, Eric; Borel, Marie; Audibert, Gérard; Gette, Sébastien; Meyer, Christian; Gaertner, Elisabeth; Legros, Vincent; Carapito, Raphaël; Uring-Lambert, Béatrice; Sauleau, Erik; Land, Walter G.; Bahram, Seiamak; Meyer, Alain; Geny, Bernard; Diemunsch, Pierre title: Protocol for TRAUMADORNASE: a prospective, randomized, multicentre, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial of aerosolized dornase alfa to reduce the incidence of moderate-to-severe hypoxaemia in ventilated trauma patients date: 2020-03-18 journal: Trials DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-4141-6 sha: doc_id: 4515 cord_uid: x22q1f21 file: cache/cord-005600-gsbbjb5y.json key: cord-005600-gsbbjb5y authors: De Jonghe, B.; Cook, D.; Sharshar, T.; Lefaucheur, J.-P.; Carlet, J.; Outin, H. title: Acquired neuromuscular disorders in critically ill patients: a systematic review date: 1998 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s001340050757 sha: doc_id: 5600 cord_uid: gsbbjb5y file: cache/cord-000522-d498qj2b.json key: cord-000522-d498qj2b authors: Vincent, Jean-Louis; Abraham, Edward; Annane, Djillali; Bernard, Gordon; Rivers, Emanuel; Van den Berghe, Greet title: Reducing mortality in sepsis: new directions date: 2002-12-05 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/cc1860 sha: doc_id: 522 cord_uid: d498qj2b file: cache/cord-002011-u6dfp6gf.json key: cord-002011-u6dfp6gf authors: Toubiana, Julie; Courtine, Emilie; Tores, Frederic; Asfar, Pierre; Daubin, Cédric; Rousseau, Christophe; Ouaaz, Fatah; Marin, Nathalie; Cariou, Alain; Chiche, Jean-Daniel; Mira, Jean-Paul title: Association of REL polymorphisms and outcome of patients with septic shock date: 2016-04-08 journal: Ann Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s13613-016-0130-z sha: doc_id: 2011 cord_uid: u6dfp6gf file: cache/cord-004532-flo9139j.json key: cord-004532-flo9139j authors: Andrews, Peter; Azoulay, Elie; Antonelli, Massimo; Brochard, Laurent; Brun-Buisson, Christian; Dobb, Geoffrey; Fagon, Jean-Yves; Gerlach, Herwig; Groeneveld, Johan; Mancebo, Jordi; Metnitz, Philipp; Nava, Stefano; Pugin, Jerome; Pinsky, Michael; Radermacher, Peter; Richard, Christian; Tasker, Robert; Vallet, Benoit title: Year in review in intensive care medicine, 2004. I. Respiratory failure, infection, and sepsis date: 2004-12-18 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-004-2529-5 sha: doc_id: 4532 cord_uid: flo9139j file: cache/cord-004096-obrq7q57.json key: cord-004096-obrq7q57 authors: Benghanem, Sarah; Mazeraud, Aurélien; Azabou, Eric; Chhor, Vibol; Shinotsuka, Cassia Righy; Claassen, Jan; Rohaut, Benjamin; Sharshar, Tarek title: Brainstem dysfunction in critically ill patients date: 2020-01-06 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2718-9 sha: doc_id: 4096 cord_uid: obrq7q57 file: cache/cord-004422-oep1grwq.json key: cord-004422-oep1grwq authors: Li, Yuting; Li, Hongxiang; Zhang, Dong title: Comparison of T-piece and pressure support ventilation as spontaneous breathing trials in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-02-26 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-2764-3 sha: doc_id: 4422 cord_uid: oep1grwq file: cache/cord-004450-daxz9yhp.json key: cord-004450-daxz9yhp authors: Haeberle, Helene; Prohaska, Stefanie; Martus, Peter; Straub, Andreas; Zarbock, Alexander; Marx, Gernot; Zago, Manola; Giera, Martin; Koeppen, Michael; Rosenberger, Peter title: Therapeutic iloprost for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (the ThIlo trial): a prospective, randomized, multicenter phase II study date: 2020-03-04 journal: Trials DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-4163-0 sha: doc_id: 4450 cord_uid: daxz9yhp file: cache/cord-000812-mu5u5bvj.json key: cord-000812-mu5u5bvj authors: Wiesen, Jonathan; Komara, John J; Walker, Esteban; Wiedemann, Herbert P; Guzman, Jorge A title: Relative cost and outcomes in the intensive care unit of acute lung injury (ALI) due to pandemic influenza compared with other etiologies: a single-center study date: 2012-08-28 journal: Ann Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/2110-5820-2-41 sha: doc_id: 812 cord_uid: mu5u5bvj file: cache/cord-003798-nki2sasr.json key: cord-003798-nki2sasr authors: Vidaur, Loreto; Totorika, Izarne; Montes, Milagrosa; Vicente, Diego; Rello, Jordi; Cilla, Gustavo title: Human metapneumovirus as cause of severe community-acquired pneumonia in adults: insights from a ten-year molecular and epidemiological analysis date: 2019-07-24 journal: Ann Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s13613-019-0559-y sha: doc_id: 3798 cord_uid: nki2sasr file: cache/cord-004540-2b1vjhgn.json key: cord-004540-2b1vjhgn authors: Hick, John L.; Christian, Michael D.; Sprung, Charles L. title: Chapter 2. Surge capacity and infrastructure considerations for mass critical care date: 2010-03-07 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-010-1761-4 sha: doc_id: 4540 cord_uid: 2b1vjhgn file: cache/cord-005585-lc3fqhb0.json key: cord-005585-lc3fqhb0 authors: Barbier, François; Coquet, Isaline; Legriel, Stéphane; Pavie, Juliette; Darmon, Michael; Mayaux, Julien; Molina, Jean-Michel; Schlemmer, Benoît; Azoulay, Élie title: Etiologies and outcome of acute respiratory failure in HIV-infected patients date: 2009-07-03 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-009-1559-4 sha: doc_id: 5585 cord_uid: lc3fqhb0 file: cache/cord-006760-mgrxo21j.json key: cord-006760-mgrxo21j authors: Lee, James C.; Diamond, Joshua M.; Christie, Jason D. title: Critical care management of the lung transplant recipient date: 2012-06-22 journal: Curr Respir Care Rep DOI: 10.1007/s13665-012-0018-9 sha: doc_id: 6760 cord_uid: mgrxo21j file: cache/cord-005569-9d51l6bn.json key: cord-005569-9d51l6bn authors: Antonelli, Massimo; Azoulay, Elie; Bonten, Marc; Chastre, Jean; Citerio, Giuseppe; Conti, Giorgio; De Backer, Daniel; Lemaire, François; Gerlach, Herwig; Groeneveld, Johan; Hedenstierna, Goran; Macrae, Duncan; Mancebo, Jordi; Maggiore, Salvatore M.; Mebazaa, Alexandre; Metnitz, Philipp; Pugin, Jerôme; Wernerman, Jan; Zhang, Haibo title: Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine, 2008: I. Brain injury and neurology, renal failure and endocrinology, metabolism and nutrition, sepsis, infections and pneumonia date: 2008-12-09 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-008-1371-6 sha: doc_id: 5569 cord_uid: 9d51l6bn file: cache/cord-004031-sw60qbbj.json key: cord-004031-sw60qbbj authors: Aylward, Ryan E.; van der Merwe, Elizabeth; Pazi, Sisa; van Niekerk, Minette; Ensor, Jason; Baker, Debbie; Freercks, Robert J. title: Risk factors and outcomes of acute kidney injury in South African critically ill adults: a prospective cohort study date: 2019-12-10 journal: BMC Nephrol DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1620-7 sha: doc_id: 4031 cord_uid: sw60qbbj file: cache/cord-005692-n4vxazst.json key: cord-005692-n4vxazst authors: Papazian, Laurent; Klompas, Michael; Luyt, Charles-Edouard title: Ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a narrative review date: 2020-03-10 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-05980-0 sha: doc_id: 5692 cord_uid: n4vxazst file: cache/cord-004147-9bcq3jnm.json key: cord-004147-9bcq3jnm authors: Fernando, Shannon M.; Mathew, Rebecca; Hibbert, Benjamin; Rochwerg, Bram; Munshi, Laveena; Walkey, Allan J.; Møller, Morten Hylander; Simard, Trevor; Di Santo, Pietro; Ramirez, F. Daniel; Tanuseputro, Peter; Kyeremanteng, Kwadwo title: New-onset atrial fibrillation and associated outcomes and resource use among critically ill adults—a multicenter retrospective cohort study date: 2020-01-13 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-2730-0 sha: doc_id: 4147 cord_uid: 9bcq3jnm file: cache/cord-004168-rqd9b13s.json key: cord-004168-rqd9b13s authors: Daneman, Nick; Rishu, Asgar H.; Pinto, Ruxandra; Arabi, Yaseen; Belley-Cote, Emilie P.; Cirone, Robert; Downing, Mark; Cook, Deborah J.; Hall, Richard; McGuinness, Shay; McIntyre, Lauralyn; Muscedere, John; Parke, Rachael; Reynolds, Steven; Rogers, Benjamin A.; Shehabi, Yahya; Shin, Phillip; Whitlock, Richard; Fowler, Robert A. title: A pilot randomized controlled trial of 7 versus 14 days of antibiotic treatment for bloodstream infection on non-intensive care versus intensive care wards date: 2020-01-15 journal: Trials DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-4033-9 sha: doc_id: 4168 cord_uid: rqd9b13s file: cache/cord-005589-ocnce92z.json key: cord-005589-ocnce92z authors: Torres, Antoni; Chalmers, James D.; Dela Cruz, Charles S.; Dominedò, Cristina; Kollef, Marin; Martin-Loeches, Ignacio; Niederman, Michael; Wunderink, Richard G. title: Challenges in severe community-acquired pneumonia: a point-of-view review date: 2019-01-31 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-019-05519-y sha: doc_id: 5589 cord_uid: ocnce92z file: cache/cord-003832-q1422ydi.json key: cord-003832-q1422ydi authors: Koyama, Kansuke; Katayama, Shinshu; Tonai, Ken; Shima, Jun; Koinuma, Toshitaka; Nunomiya, Shin title: Biomarker profiles of coagulopathy and alveolar epithelial injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome with idiopathic/immune-related disease or common direct risk factors date: 2019-08-19 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2559-6 sha: doc_id: 3832 cord_uid: q1422ydi file: cache/cord-005603-kjcbbgse.json key: cord-005603-kjcbbgse authors: Brun-Buisson, C. title: The epidemiology of the systemic inflammatory response date: 2000 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s001340051121 sha: doc_id: 5603 cord_uid: kjcbbgse file: cache/cord-006714-q7wy76e2.json key: cord-006714-q7wy76e2 authors: Delannoy, P.-Y.; Boussekey, N.; Devos, P.; Alfandari, S.; Turbelin, C.; Chiche, A.; Meybeck, A.; Georges, H.; Leroy, O. title: Impact of combination therapy with aminoglycosides on the outcome of ICU-acquired bacteraemias date: 2012-02-15 journal: Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis DOI: 10.1007/s10096-012-1568-z sha: doc_id: 6714 cord_uid: q7wy76e2 file: cache/cord-004268-raayrjmd.json key: cord-004268-raayrjmd authors: Flattres, Aurelien; Aarab, Yassir; Nougaret, Stephanie; Garnier, Fanny; Larcher, Romaric; Amalric, Mathieu; Klouche, Kada; Etienne, Pascal; Subra, Gilles; Jaber, Samir; Molinari, Nicolas; Matecki, Stefan; Jung, Boris title: Real-time shear wave ultrasound elastography: a new tool for the evaluation of diaphragm and limb muscle stiffness in critically ill patients date: 2020-02-03 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-2745-6 sha: doc_id: 4268 cord_uid: raayrjmd file: cache/cord-004427-dy9v9asg.json key: cord-004427-dy9v9asg authors: Bissell, Brittany D.; Laine, Melanie E.; Thompson Bastin, Melissa L.; Flannery, Alexander H.; Kelly, Andrew; Riser, Jeremy; Neyra, Javier A.; Potter, Jordan; Morris, Peter E. title: Impact of protocolized diuresis for de-resuscitation in the intensive care unit date: 2020-02-28 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-2795-9 sha: doc_id: 4427 cord_uid: dy9v9asg file: cache/cord-004646-zhessjqh.json key: cord-004646-zhessjqh authors: Bawazeer, Mohammed; Amer, Marwa; Maghrabi, Khalid; Alshaikh, Kamel; Amin, Rashid; Rizwan, Muhammad; Shaban, Mohammad; De Vol, Edward; Hijazi, Mohammed title: Adjunct low-dose ketamine infusion vs standard of care in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients at a Tertiary Saudi Hospital (ATTAINMENT Trial): study protocol for a randomized, prospective, pilot, feasibility trial date: 2020-03-20 journal: Trials DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-4216-4 sha: doc_id: 4646 cord_uid: zhessjqh file: cache/cord-005496-cnwg4dnn.json key: cord-005496-cnwg4dnn authors: Gutierrez, Guillermo title: Artificial Intelligence in the Intensive Care Unit date: 2020-03-24 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-2785-y sha: doc_id: 5496 cord_uid: cnwg4dnn file: cache/cord-005503-hm8tvkt3.json key: cord-005503-hm8tvkt3 authors: Rasulo, Frank A.; Togni, Tommaso; Romagnoli, Stefano title: Essential Noninvasive Multimodality Neuromonitoring for the Critically Ill Patient date: 2020-03-24 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-2781-2 sha: doc_id: 5503 cord_uid: hm8tvkt3 file: cache/cord-005750-54hul2lw.json key: cord-005750-54hul2lw authors: Antonelli, Massimo; Azoulay, Elie; Bonten, Marc; Chastre, Jean; Citerio, Giuseppe; Conti, Giorgio; De Backer, Daniel; Lemaire, François; Gerlach, Herwig; Groeneveld, Johan; Hedenstierna, Goran; Macrae, Duncan; Mancebo, Jordi; Maggiore, Salvatore M.; Mebazaa, Alexandre; Metnitz, Philipp; Pugin, Jerôme; Wernerman, Jan; Zhang, Haibo title: Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine, 2008: III. Paediatrics, Ethics, outcome research and critical care organization, sedation, pharmacology and miscellanea date: 2009-02-10 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-009-1433-4 sha: doc_id: 5750 cord_uid: 54hul2lw file: cache/cord-005795-sgi54hq8.json key: cord-005795-sgi54hq8 authors: Ely, E.; Gautam, S.; Margolin, R.; Francis, J.; May, L.; Speroff, T.; Truman, B.; Dittus, R.; Bernard, G.; Inouye, S. title: The impact of delirium in the intensive care unit on hospital length of stay date: 2001-11-08 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-001-1132-2 sha: doc_id: 5795 cord_uid: sgi54hq8 file: cache/cord-000705-w52dc97h.json key: cord-000705-w52dc97h authors: Ríos, Fernando G; Estenssoro, Elisa; Villarejo, Fernando; Valentini, Ricardo; Aguilar, Liliana; Pezzola, Daniel; Valdez, Pascual; Blasco, Miguel; Orlandi, Cristina; Alvarez, Javier; Saldarini, Fernando; Gómez, Alejandro; Gómez, Pablo E; Deheza, Martin; Zazu, Alan; Quinteros, Mónica; Chena, Ariel; Osatnik, Javier; Violi, Damian; Gonzalez, Maria Eugenia; Chiappero, Guillermo title: Lung Function and Organ Dysfunctions in 178 Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation During The 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic date: 2011-08-17 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/cc10369 sha: doc_id: 705 cord_uid: w52dc97h file: cache/cord-003376-2qi4aibx.json key: cord-003376-2qi4aibx authors: van de Groep, Kirsten; Nierkens, Stefan; Cremer, Olaf L.; Peelen, Linda M.; Klein Klouwenberg, Peter M. C.; Schultz, Marcus J.; Hack, C. Erik; van der Poll, Tom; Bonten, Marc J. M.; Ong, David S. Y. title: Effect of cytomegalovirus reactivation on the time course of systemic host response biomarkers in previously immunocompetent critically ill patients with sepsis: a matched cohort study date: 2018-12-18 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-018-2261-0 sha: doc_id: 3376 cord_uid: 2qi4aibx file: cache/cord-005808-w0763esk.json key: cord-005808-w0763esk authors: Moreno, Gerard; Rodríguez, Alejandro; Reyes, Luis F.; Gomez, Josep; Sole-Violan, Jordi; Díaz, Emili; Bodí, María; Trefler, Sandra; Guardiola, Juan; Yébenes, Juan C.; Soriano, Alex; Garnacho-Montero, José; Socias, Lorenzo; del Valle Ortíz, María; Correig, Eudald; Marín-Corral, Judith; Vallverdú-Vidal, Montserrat; Restrepo, Marcos I.; Torres, Antoni; Martín-Loeches, Ignacio title: Corticosteroid treatment in critically ill patients with severe influenza pneumonia: a propensity score matching study date: 2018-08-03 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-018-5332-4 sha: doc_id: 5808 cord_uid: w0763esk file: cache/cord-006308-s5le8ugm.json key: cord-006308-s5le8ugm authors: Dimopoulos, G.; Karabinis, A.; Samonis, G.; Falagas, M. E. title: Candidemia in immunocompromised and immunocompetent critically ill patients: a prospective comparative study date: 2007-05-25 journal: Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis DOI: 10.1007/s10096-007-0316-2 sha: doc_id: 6308 cord_uid: s5le8ugm file: cache/cord-010566-tciwtxud.json key: cord-010566-tciwtxud authors: Singh, Nina; Gayowski, Timothy; Wagener, Marilyn M.; Marino, Ignazio R. title: Outcome of patients with cirrhosis requiring intensive care unit support: Prospective assessment of predictors of mortality date: 1998 journal: J Gastroenterol DOI: 10.1007/s005350050047 sha: doc_id: 10566 cord_uid: tciwtxud file: cache/cord-006366-qpjvmwmp.json key: cord-006366-qpjvmwmp authors: Kinikar, Aarti Avinash; Kulkarni, Rajesh K.; Valvi, Chhaya T.; Mave, Vidya; Gupte, Nikhil; Khadse, Sandhya; Bhardwaj, Renu; Kagal, Anju; Puranik, Shaila; Gupta, Amita; Bollinger, Robert; Jamkar, Arun title: Predictors of Mortality in Hospitalized Children with Pandemic H1N1 Influenza 2009 in Pune, India date: 2011-10-20 journal: Indian J Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s12098-011-0578-7 sha: doc_id: 6366 cord_uid: qpjvmwmp file: cache/cord-011159-k2kca8zl.json key: cord-011159-k2kca8zl authors: Kamel, Toufik; Helms, Julie; Janssen-Langenstein, Ralf; Kouatchet, Achille; Guillon, Antoine; Bourenne, Jeremy; Contou, Damien; Guervilly, Christophe; Coudroy, Rémi; Hoppe, Marie Anne; Lascarrou, Jean Baptiste; Quenot, Jean Pierre; Colin, Gwenhaël; Meng, Paris; Roustan, Jérôme; Cracco, Christophe; Nay, Mai-Anh; Boulain, Thierry title: Benefit-to-risk balance of bronchoalveolar lavage in the critically ill. A prospective, multicenter cohort study date: 2020-01-07 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-019-05896-4 sha: doc_id: 11159 cord_uid: k2kca8zl file: cache/cord-010775-1f9g4t5y.json key: cord-010775-1f9g4t5y authors: Labeau, S. O.; Conoscenti, E.; Blot, S. I. title: Less daily oral hygiene is more in the ICU: not sure date: 2020-04-01 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06021-6 sha: doc_id: 10775 cord_uid: 1f9g4t5y file: cache/cord-011211-79stfqrd.json key: cord-011211-79stfqrd authors: Robba, Chiara; Galimberti, Stefania; Graziano, Francesca; Wiegers, Eveline J. A.; Lingsma, Hester F.; Iaquaniello, Carolina; Stocchetti, Nino; Menon, David; Citerio, Giuseppe title: Tracheostomy practice and timing in traumatic brain-injured patients: a CENTER-TBI study date: 2020-02-05 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-05935-5 sha: doc_id: 11211 cord_uid: 79stfqrd file: cache/cord-005606-c8c2rfzi.json key: cord-005606-c8c2rfzi authors: Gordon, Sharon M.; Jackson, James C.; Ely, E. Wesley; Burger, Candace; Hopkins, Ramona O. title: Clinical identification of cognitive impairment in ICU survivors: insights for intensivists date: 2004-10-02 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-004-2418-y sha: doc_id: 5606 cord_uid: c8c2rfzi file: cache/cord-007560-nck4f5ny.json key: cord-007560-nck4f5ny authors: Ling, Lowell; Joynt, Gavin M.; Lipman, Jeff; Constantin, Jean-Michel; Joannes-Boyau, Olivier title: COVID-19: A critical care perspective informed by lessons learnt from other viral epidemics date: 2020-02-20 journal: Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.02.002 sha: doc_id: 7560 cord_uid: nck4f5ny file: cache/cord-010813-94v8zchf.json key: cord-010813-94v8zchf authors: Deemer, Kirsten; Zjadewicz, Karolina; Fiest, Kirsten; Oviatt, Stephanie; Parsons, Michelle; Myhre, Brittany; Posadas-Calleja, Juan title: Effect of early cognitive interventions on delirium in critically ill patients: a systematic review date: 2020-04-24 journal: Can J Anaesth DOI: 10.1007/s12630-020-01670-z sha: doc_id: 10813 cord_uid: 94v8zchf file: cache/cord-006869-g2q1gpp0.json key: cord-006869-g2q1gpp0 authors: nan title: Neurocritical Care Society 7th Annual Meeting date: 2009-10-08 journal: Neurocrit Care DOI: 10.1007/s12028-009-9282-0 sha: doc_id: 6869 cord_uid: g2q1gpp0 file: cache/cord-007818-jfp9uumb.json key: cord-007818-jfp9uumb authors: Papali, Alfred; Adhikari, Neill K. J.; Diaz, Janet V.; Dondorp, Arjen M.; Dünser, Martin W.; Jacob, Shevin T.; Phua, Jason; Romain, Marc; Schultz, Marcus J. title: Infrastructure and Organization of Adult Intensive Care Units in Resource-Limited Settings date: 2019-02-09 journal: Sepsis Management in Resource-limited Settings DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-03143-5_3 sha: doc_id: 7818 cord_uid: jfp9uumb file: cache/cord-011314-at65nvda.json key: cord-011314-at65nvda authors: De Weerdt, Annick; Janssen, Bram G.; Cox, Bianca; Bijnens, Esmée M.; Vanpoucke, Charlotte; Lefebvre, Wouter; El Salawi, Omar; Jans, Margot; Verbrugghe, Walter; Nawrot, Tim S.; Jorens, Philippe G. title: Pre-admission air pollution exposure prolongs the duration of ventilation in intensive care patients date: 2020-03-17 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-05999-3 sha: doc_id: 11314 cord_uid: at65nvda file: cache/cord-006975-u5ecibta.json key: cord-006975-u5ecibta authors: Haviland, Kelly; Tan, Kay See; Schwenk, Nadja; Pillai, Manju V.; Stover, Diane E.; Downey, Robert J. title: Outcomes after long-term mechanical ventilation of cancer patients date: 2020-03-30 journal: BMC Palliat Care DOI: 10.1186/s12904-020-00544-x sha: doc_id: 6975 cord_uid: u5ecibta file: cache/cord-011418-hy8xmtiq.json key: cord-011418-hy8xmtiq authors: Walz, Alice; Canter, Marguerite Orsi; Betters, Kristina title: The ICU Liberation Bundle and Strategies for Implementation in Pediatrics date: 2020-05-16 journal: Curr Pediatr Rep DOI: 10.1007/s40124-020-00216-7 sha: doc_id: 11418 cord_uid: hy8xmtiq file: cache/cord-011359-3lcjw873.json key: cord-011359-3lcjw873 authors: De Waele, Jan J.; Schouten, Jeroen; Beovic, Bojana; Tabah, Alexis; Leone, Marc title: Antimicrobial de-escalation as part of antimicrobial stewardship in intensive care: no simple answers to simple questions—a viewpoint of experts date: 2020-02-05 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-019-05871-z sha: doc_id: 11359 cord_uid: 3lcjw873 file: cache/cord-011210-afcmln4w.json key: cord-011210-afcmln4w authors: Olsen, Markus Harboe; Jensen, Helene Ravnholt; Ebdrup, Søren Røddik; Topp, Nina Hvid; Strange, Ditte Gry; Møller, Kirsten; Kondziella, Daniel title: Automated pupillometry and the FOUR score — what is the diagnostic benefit in neurointensive care? date: 2020-05-07 journal: Acta Neurochir (Wien) DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04381-y sha: doc_id: 11210 cord_uid: afcmln4w file: cache/cord-006545-c12m75gq.json key: cord-006545-c12m75gq authors: Pinilla, Inmaculada; Martí de Gracia, Milagros; Quintana-Díaz, Manuel; Figueira, Juan Carlos title: Radiological prognostic factors in patients with pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) infection requiring hospital admission date: 2011-05-27 journal: Emerg Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s10140-011-0964-5 sha: doc_id: 6545 cord_uid: c12m75gq file: cache/cord-006876-v2m5l5wz.json key: cord-006876-v2m5l5wz authors: nan title: Neurocritical Care Society 14(th) Annual Meeting date: 2016-08-11 journal: Neurocrit Care DOI: 10.1007/s12028-016-0301-7 sha: doc_id: 6876 cord_uid: v2m5l5wz file: cache/cord-013443-x74uxdi4.json key: cord-013443-x74uxdi4 authors: Daniel, Dennis A.; Poynter, Sue E.; Landrigan, Christopher P.; Czeisler, Charles A.; Burns, Jeffrey P.; Wolbrink, Traci A. title: Pediatric Resident Engagement With an Online Critical Care Curriculum During the Intensive Care Rotation* date: 2020-06-25 journal: Pediatr Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002477 sha: doc_id: 13443 cord_uid: x74uxdi4 file: cache/cord-005777-6rvfsx4p.json key: cord-005777-6rvfsx4p authors: nan title: PS 0420-0716 date: 2007-08-25 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-007-0823-8 sha: doc_id: 5777 cord_uid: 6rvfsx4p file: cache/cord-005816-i54q5gsu.json key: cord-005816-i54q5gsu authors: nan title: 10(th) European Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery: May 13–17, 2009 Antalya, Turkey date: 2009-08-06 journal: Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg DOI: 10.1007/s00068-009-8001-z sha: doc_id: 5816 cord_uid: i54q5gsu file: cache/cord-011327-zsoc4wec.json key: cord-011327-zsoc4wec authors: Martin-Loeches, Ignacio; Leone, Marc; Einav, Sharon title: Antibiotic prophylaxis in the ICU: to be or not to be administered for patients undergoing procedures? date: 2019-11-28 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-019-05870-0 sha: doc_id: 11327 cord_uid: zsoc4wec file: cache/cord-012560-p5s0p7fd.json key: cord-012560-p5s0p7fd authors: Decavèle, Maxens; Gatulle, Nicolas; Weiss, Nicolas; Rivals, Isabelle; Idbaih, Ahmed; Demeret, Sophie; Mayaux, Julien; Dres, Martin; Morawiec, Elise; Hoang-Xuan, Khe; Similowski, Thomas; Demoule, Alexandre title: One-year survival of patients with high-grade glioma discharged alive from the intensive care unit date: 2020-08-29 journal: J Neurol DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10191-0 sha: doc_id: 12560 cord_uid: p5s0p7fd file: cache/cord-009417-458rrhcm.json key: cord-009417-458rrhcm authors: Luce, Judith A. title: Use of Blood Components in the Intensive Care Unit date: 2009-05-15 journal: Critical Care Medicine DOI: 10.1016/b978-032304841-5.50082-0 sha: doc_id: 9417 cord_uid: 458rrhcm file: cache/cord-014987-nycbjqn6.json key: cord-014987-nycbjqn6 authors: nan title: OP 0364-0412 date: 2006-08-24 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-006-0318-z sha: doc_id: 14987 cord_uid: nycbjqn6 file: cache/cord-005881-oswgjaxz.json key: cord-005881-oswgjaxz authors: nan title: Abstracts: 11(th) European Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery May 15–18, 2010 Brussels, Belgium date: 2010 journal: Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg DOI: 10.1007/s00068-010-8888-z sha: doc_id: 5881 cord_uid: oswgjaxz file: cache/cord-011189-c0ytamge.json key: cord-011189-c0ytamge authors: da Fonseca Pestana Ribeiro, Jose Mauro; Park, Marcelo title: Less empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics is more in the ICU date: 2019-11-27 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-019-05863-z sha: doc_id: 11189 cord_uid: c0ytamge file: cache/cord-003532-lcgeingz.json key: cord-003532-lcgeingz authors: nan title: 39th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium, 19-22 March 2019 date: 2019-03-19 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2358-0 sha: doc_id: 3532 cord_uid: lcgeingz file: cache/cord-011483-zc6ve6le.json key: cord-011483-zc6ve6le authors: Leclerc, Angela M.; Riker, Richard R.; Brown, Caitlin S.; May, Teresa; Nocella, Kristina; Cote, Jennifer; Eldridge, Ashley; Seder, David B.; Gagnon, David J. title: Amantadine and Modafinil as Neurostimulants Following Acute Stroke: A Retrospective Study of Intensive Care Unit Patients date: 2020-05-20 journal: Neurocrit Care DOI: 10.1007/s12028-020-00986-4 sha: doc_id: 11483 cord_uid: zc6ve6le file: cache/cord-011332-dzl09afq.json key: cord-011332-dzl09afq authors: Stoclin, A.; Rotolo, F.; Hicheri, Y.; Mons, M.; Chachaty, E.; Gachot, B.; Pignon, J.-P.; Wartelle, M.; Blot, F. title: Ventilator-associated pneumonia and bloodstream infections in intensive care unit cancer patients: a retrospective 12-year study on 3388 prospectively monitored patients date: 2019-04-17 journal: Support Care Cancer DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-04800-6 sha: doc_id: 11332 cord_uid: dzl09afq file: cache/cord-014670-e31g8lns.json key: cord-014670-e31g8lns authors: nan title: Poster Sessions 313-503 date: 2004-10-05 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-004-2406-2 sha: doc_id: 14670 cord_uid: e31g8lns file: cache/cord-011029-sbds5sda.json key: cord-011029-sbds5sda authors: Portran, Philippe; Jacquet-Lagreze, Matthias; Schweizer, Remi; Fornier, William; Chardonnal, Laurent; Pozzi, Matteo; Fischer, Marc-Olivier; Fellahi, Jean-Luc title: Improving the prognostic value of ∆PCO(2) following cardiac surgery: a prospective pilot study date: 2019-07-10 journal: J Clin Monit Comput DOI: 10.1007/s10877-019-00352-6 sha: doc_id: 11029 cord_uid: sbds5sda file: cache/cord-015061-pl5ag6zz.json key: cord-015061-pl5ag6zz authors: nan title: Editor’s picks, 2011–2012: fifteen articles in open access in Intensive Care Medicine date: 2013-10-23 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-013-3140-4 sha: doc_id: 15061 cord_uid: pl5ag6zz file: cache/cord-015090-n6f4xupw.json key: cord-015090-n6f4xupw authors: nan title: PS 339-563 date: 2005-09-10 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-005-2780-4 sha: doc_id: 15090 cord_uid: n6f4xupw file: cache/cord-015082-l629n8is.json key: cord-015082-l629n8is authors: nan title: Poster Sessions 323-461 date: 2002-08-29 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-002-1455-7 sha: doc_id: 15082 cord_uid: l629n8is file: cache/cord-015640-zdwmxaz3.json key: cord-015640-zdwmxaz3 authors: Tong, C. Y. W.; Schelenz, S. title: Clinical Virology in NICU, PICU and AICU date: 2011-08-10 journal: Infection Control in the Intensive Care Unit DOI: 10.1007/978-88-470-1601-9_20 sha: doc_id: 15640 cord_uid: zdwmxaz3 file: cache/cord-005497-w81ysjf9.json key: cord-005497-w81ysjf9 authors: nan title: 40th International Symposium on Intensive Care & Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 24-27 March 2020 date: 2020-03-24 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-2772-3 sha: doc_id: 5497 cord_uid: w81ysjf9 file: cache/cord-014538-6a2pviol.json key: cord-014538-6a2pviol authors: Kamilia, Chtara; Regaieg, Kais; Baccouch, Najeh; Chelly, Hedi; Bahloul, Mabrouk; Bouaziz, Mounir; Jendoubi, Ali; Abbes, Ahmed; Belhaouane, Houda; Nasri, Oussama; Jenzri, Layla; Ghedira, Salma; Houissa, Mohamed; Belkadi, Kamal; Harti, Youness; Nsiri, Afak; Khaleq, Khalid; Hamoudi, Driss; Harrar, Rachid; Thieffry, Camille; Wallet, Frédéric; Parmentier-Decrucq, Erika; Favory, Raphaël; Mathieu, Daniel; Poissy, Julien; Lafon, Thomas; Vignon, Philippe; Begot, Emmanuelle; Appert, Alexandra; Hadj, Mathilde; Claverie, Paul; Matt, Morgan; Barraud, Olivier; François, Bruno; Jamoussi, Amira; Jazia, Amira Ben; Marhbène, Takoua; Lakhdhar, Dhouha; Khelil, Jalila Ben; Besbes, Mohamed; Goutay, Julien; Blazejewski, Caroline; Joly-Durand, Isabelle; Pirlet, Isabelle; Weillaert, Marie Pierre; Beague, Sebastien; Aziz, Soufi; Hafiane, Reda; Hattabi, Khalid; Bouhouri, Mohamed Aziz; Hammoudi, Driss; Fadil, Abdelaziz; Harrar, Rachid Al; Zerouali, Khalid; Medhioub, Fatma Kaaniche; Allela, Rania; Algia, Najla Ben; Cherif, Samar; Slaoui, Mohamed Taoufik; Boubia, Souhail; Hafiani, Y.; Khaoudi, A.; Cherkab, R.; Elallam, W.; Elkettani, C.; Barrou, L.; Ridaii, M.; Mehdi, Rihi El; Schimpf, Caroline; Mizrahi, Assaf; Pilmis, Benoît; Le Monnier, Alban; Tiercelet, Kelly; Cherin, Mélanie; Bruel, Cédric; Philippart, Francois; Bailly, Sébastien; Lucet, Jc; Lepape, Alain; L’hériteau, François; Aupée, Martine; Bervas, Caroline; Boussat, Sandrine; Berger-Carbonne, Anne; Machut, Anaïs; Savey, Anne; Timsit, Jean-François; Razazi, Keyvan; Rosman, Jérémy; de Prost, Nicolas; Carteaux, Guillaume; Jansen, Chloe; Decousser, Jean Winoc; Brun-Buisson, Christian; Dessap, Armand Mekontso; M’rad, Aymen; Ouali, Zouhour; Barghouth, Manel; Kouatchet, Achille; Mahieu, Rafael; Weiss, Emmanuel; Schnell, David; Zahar, Jean-Ralph; Artiguenave, Margaux; Sophie, Paktoris-Papine; Espinasse, Florence; Sayed, Faten El; Dinh, Aurélien; Charron, Cyril; Geri, Guillaume; Vieillard-Baron, Antoine; Repessé, Xavier; Kallel, Hatem; Mayence, Claire; Houcke, Stéphanie; Guegueniat, Pascal; Hommel, Didier; Dhifaoui, Kaouther; Hajjej, Zied; Fatnassi, Amira; Sellami, Walid; Labbene, Iheb; Ferjani, Mustapha; Dachraoui, Fahmi; Nakkaa, Sabrine; M’ghirbi, Abdelwaheb; Adhieb, Ali; Braiek, Dhouha Ben; Hraiech, Kmar; Ousji, Ali; Ouanes, Islem; Zaineb, Hammouda; Abdallah, Saousen Ben; Ouanes-Besbes, Lamia; Abroug, Fekri; Klein, Simon; Miquet, Mattéo; Thouret, Jean-Marc; Peigne, Vincent; Daban, Jean-Louis; Boutonnet, Mathieu; Lenoir, Bernard; Merhbene, Takoua; Derreumaux, Celine; Seguin, Thierry; Conil, Jean-Marie; Kelway, Charlotte; Blasco, Valery; Nafati, Cyril; Harti, Karim; Reydellet, Laurent; Albanese, Jacques; Aicha, Narjess Ben; Meddeb, Khaoula; Khedher, Ahmed; Ayachi, Jihene; Fraj, Nesrine; Sma, Nesrine; Chouchene, Imed; Boussarsar, Mohamed; Yedder, Soumaya Ben; Samoud, Walid; Radhouene, Bousselmi; Mariem, Bousselmi; Ammar, Asma; Cheikh, Asma Ben; Lakhal, Hend Ben; Khelfa, Messaouda; Hamdaoui, Yamina; Bouafia, Nabiha; Trampont, Timothée; Daix, Thomas; Legarçon, Vincent; Karam, Henri Hani; Pichon, Nicolas; Essafi, Fatma; Foudhaili, Nasreddine; Thabet, Hafedh; Blel, Youssef; Brahmi, Nozha; Ezzouine, Hanane; Kerrous, Mahmoud; Haoui, Saad El; Ahdil, Soufiane; Benslama, Abdellatif; Abidi, Khalid; Dendane, Tarek; Oussama, Ssouni; Belayachi, Jihane; Madani, Naoufal; Abouqal, Redouane; Zeggwagh, Amine Ali; Ghadhoune, Hatem; Chaari, Anis; Jihene, Guissouma; Allouche, Hend; Trabelsi, Insaf; Brahmi, Habib; Samet, Mohamed; Ghord, Hatem El; Habiba, Ben Sik Ali; Hajer, Nouira; Tilouch, Najla; Yaakoubi, Sondes; Jaoued, Oussama; Gharbi, Rim; Hassen, Mohamed Fekih; Elatrous, Souheil; Arcizet, Julien; Leroy, Bertrand; Abdulmalack, Caroline; Renzullo, Catherine; Hamet, Maël; Doise, Jean-Marc; Coutet, Jérôme; Cheikh, Chaigar Mohammed; Quechar, Zakaria; Joris, Magalie; Beauport, Dimitri Titeca; Kontar, Loay; Lebon, Delphine; Gruson, Bérengère; Slama, Michel; Marolleau, Jean-Pierre; Maizel, Julien; Gorham, Julie; Ameye, Lieveke; Berghmans, Thierry; Paesmans, Marianne; Sculier, Jean-Paul; Meert, Anne-Pascale; Guillot, Max; Ledoux, Marie-Pierre; Braun, Thierry; Maestraggi, Quentin; Michard, Baptiste; Castelain, Vincent; Herbrecht, Raoul; Schneider, Francis; Couffin, Severine; Lobo, David; Mongardon, Nicolas; Dhonneur, Gilles; Mounier, Roman; Le Borgne, Pierrick; Couraud, Sophie; Herbrecht, Jean-Etienne; Boivin, Alexandra; Lefebvre, François; Bilbault, Pascal; Zelmat, Setti-Aouicha; Batouche, Djamila-Djahida; Mazour, Fatima; Chaffi, Belkacem; Benatta, Nadia; Sik, Ali Habiba; Talik, I.; Perrier, Maxime; Gouteix, Eliane; Koubi, Claude; Escavy, Annabelle; Guilbaut, Victoria; Fosse, Jean-Philippe; Jazia, Rahma Ben; Abdelghani, Ahmed; Cungi, Pierre-Julien; Bordes, Julien; Nguyen, Cédric; Pierrou, Candice; Cruc, Maximilien; Benois, Alain; Duprez, Frédéric; Bonus, Thierry; Cuvelier, Grégory; Ollieuz, Sandra; Machayekhi, Sharam; Paciorkowski, Frédéric; Reychler, Gregory; Coudroy, Remi; Thille, Arnaud W.; Drouot, Xavier; Diaz, Véronique; Meurice, Jean-Claude; Robert, René; Turki, Olfa; Ben, Hmida Chokri; Assefi, Mona; Deransy, Romain; Brisson, Hélène; Monsel, Antoine; Conti, Filomena; Scatton, Olivier; Langeron, Olivier; Ghezala, Hassen Ben; Snouda, Salah; Ben, Chiekh Imen; Kaddour, Moez; Armel, Anwar; Youness, Lafrikh; Abdelhak, Bensaid; Youssef, Miloudi; Najib, Al Harrar; Mustapha, Amouzoun; Noufel, Mtioui; Mohamed, Zamd; Salma, El Khayat; Ghizlane, Medkouri; Mohamed, Benghanam; Benyounes, Ramdani; Montini, Florent; Moschietto, Sébastien; Gregoire, Emilien; Claisse, Guillaume; Guiot, Julien; Morimont, Philippe; Krzesinski, Jean-Marie; Mariat, Christophe; Lambermont, Bernard; Cavalier, Etienne; Delanaye, Pierre; Benbernou, Soumia; Ilies, Sofiane; Azza, Abdelkader; Bouyacoub, Khalida; Louail, Meriem; Mokhtari-Djebli, Houria; Arrestier, Romain; Daviaud, Fabrice; Francois, Xavier Laborne; Brocas, Elsa; Choukroun, Gérald; Peñuelas, Oscar; Lorente, José-Angel; Cardinal-Fernandez, Pablo; Rodriguez, José-Maria; Aramburu, José-Antonio; Esteban, Andres; Frutos-Vivar, Fernando; Bitker, Laurent; Costes, Nicolas; Le Bars, Didier; Lavenne, Franck; Devouassoux, Mojgan; Richard, Jean-Christophe; Mechati, Malika; Gainnier, Marc; Papazian, Laurent; Guervilly, Christophe; Garnero, Aude; Arnal, Jean Michel; Roze, Hadrien; Richard, Jean Christophe; Repusseau, Benjamin; Dewitte, Antoine; Joannes-Boyau, Olivier; Ouattara, Alexandre; Harbouze, Nadia; Amine, A. M.; Olandzobo, A. G.; Herbland, Alexandre; Richard, Marie; Girard, Nicolas; Lambron, Lucile; Lesieur, Olivier; Wainschtein, Sarah; Hubert, Sidonie; Hugues, Albane; Tran, Marc; Bouillard, Philippe; Loteanu, Vlad; Leloup, Maxime; Laurent, Alexandra; Lheureux, Florent; Prestifilippo, Alessia; Cruz, Martin Delgado Maria; Romain, Rigal; Antonelli, Massimo; Blanch, Torra Lluis; Bonnetain, Franck; Grazzia-Bocci, Maria; Mancebo, Jordi; Samain, Emmanuel; Paul, Hebert; Capellier, Gilles; Zavgorodniaia, Taissa; Soichot, Marion; Malissin, Isabelle; Voicu, Sebastian; Garçon, Pierre; Goury, Antoine; Kerdjana, Lamia; Deye, Nicolas; Bourgogne, Emmanuel; Megarbane, Bruno; Mejri, Olfa; Hmida, Marwa Ben; Tannous, Salma; Chevillard, Lucie; Labat, Laurence; Risede, Patricia; Fredj, Hana; Léger, Maxime; Brunet, Marion; Le Roux, Gaël; Boels, David; Lerolle, Nicolas; Farah, Souaad; Amiel-Niemann, Hélène; Kubis, Nathalie; Declèves, Xavier; Peyraux, Nicoals; Baud, Frederic; Serafini, Micaela; Alvarez, Jean-Claude; Heinzelman, Annette; Jozwiak, Mathieu; Millasseau, Sandrine; Teboul, Jean-Louis; Alphonsine, Jean-Emmanuel; Depret, François; Richard, Nathalie; Attal, Pierre; Richard, Christian; Monnet, Xavier; Chemla, Denis; Jerbi, Salma; Khedhiri, Wafa; Necib, Hatem; Scarfo, Paolo; Chevalier, Charles; Piagnerelli, Michael; Lafont, Alexandre; Galy, Antoine; Mancia, Claire; Zerhouni, Amel; Tabeliouna, Kheira; Gaja, Ali; Hamrouni, Bassem; Malouch, Abir; Fourati, Sami; Messaoud, Rihab; Zarrouki, Youssef; Ziadi, Amra; Rhezali, Manal; Zouizra, Zahira; Boumzebra, Drissi; Samkaoui, Mohamed Abdennasser; Brunet, Jennifer; Canoville, Bertrand; Verrier, Pierre; Ivascau, Calin; Seguin, Amélie; Valette, Xavier; Du Cheyron, Damien; Daubin, Cedric; Bougouin, Wulfran; Aissaoui, Nadia; Lamhaut, Lionel; Jost, Daniel; Maupain, Carole; Beganton, Frankie; Bouglé, Adrien; Dumas, Florence; Marijon, Eloi; Jouven, Xavier; Cariou, Alain; Poirson, Florent; Chaput, Ulriikka; Beeken, Thomas; Maxime, Leclerc; Haikel, Oueslati; Vodovar, Dominique; Chelly, Jonathan; Marteau, Philippe; Chocron, Richard; Juvin, Philippe; Loeb, Thomas; Adnet, Frederic; Lecarpentier, Eric; Riviere, Antoine; De Cagny, Bertand; Soupison, Thierry; Privat, Elodie; Escutnaire, Joséphine; Dumont, Cyrielle; Baert, Valentine; Vilhelm, Christian; Hubert, Hervé; Leteurtre, Stéphane; Fresco, Marion; Bubenheim, Michael; Beduneau, Gaetan; Carpentier, Dorothée; Grange, Steven; Artaud-Macari, Elise; Misset, Benoit; Tamion, Fabienne; Girault, Christophe; Dumas, Guillaume; Chevret, Sylvie; Lemiale, Virginie; Mokart, Djamel; Mayaux, Julien; Pène, Frédéric; Nyunga, Martine; Perez, Pierre; Moreau, Anne-Sophie; Bruneel, Fabrice; Vincent, François; Klouche, Kada; Reignier, Jean; Rabbat, Antoine; Azoulay, Elie; Frat, Jean-Pierre; Ragot, Stéphanie; Constantin, Jean-Michel; Prat, Gwenael; Mercat, Alain; Boulain, Thierry; Demoule, Alexandre; Devaquet, Jérôme; Nseir, Saad; Charpentier, Julien; Argaud, Laurent; Beuret, Pascal; Ricard, Jean-Damien; Teiten, Christelle; Marjanovic, Nicolas; Palamin, Nicola; L’Her, Erwan; Bailly, Arthur; Boisramé-Helms, Julie; Champigneulle, Benoit; Kamel, Toufik; Mercier, Emmanuelle; Le Thuaut, Aurélie; Lascarrou, Jean-Baptiste; Rolle, Amélie; De Jong, Audrey; Chanques, Gérald; Jaber, Samir; Hariri, Geoffroy; Baudel, Jean-Luc; Dubée, Vincent; Preda, Gabriel; Bourcier, Simon; Joffre, Jeremie; Bigé, Naïke; Ait-Oufella, Hafid; Maury, Eric; Mater, Houda; Merdji, Hamid; Grimaldi, David; Rousseau, Christophe; Mira, Jean-Paul; Chiche, Jean-Daniel; Sedghiani, Ines; Benabderrahim, A.; Hamdi, Dhekra; Jendoubi, Asma; Cherif, Mohamed Ali; Hechmi, Youssef Zied El; Zouheir, Jerbi; Bagate, François; Bousselmi, Radhwen; Schortgen, Frédérique; Asfar, Pierre; Guérot, Emmanuel; Fabien, Grelon; Anguel, Nadia; Sigismond, Lasocki; Matthieu, Henry-Lagarrigue; Gonzalez, Frédéric; François, Legay; Guitton, Christophe; Schenck, Maleka; Jean-Marc, Doise; Dreyfuss, Didier; Radermacher, Peter; Frère, Antoine; Martin-Lefèvre, Laurent; Colin, Gwenhaël; Fiancette, Maud; Henry-Laguarrigue, Matthieu; Lacherade, Jean-Claude; Lebert, Christine; Vinatier, Isabelle; Yehia, Aihem; Joret, Aurélie; Menunier-Beillard, Nicolas; Benzekri-Lefevre, Dalila; Desachy, Arnaud; Bellec, Fréderic; Plantefève, Gaëtan; Quenot, Jean-Pierre; Meziani, Ferhat; Tavernier, Elsa; Ehrmann, Stephan; Chudeau, Nicolas; Raveau, Tommy; Moal, Valérie; Houillier, Pascal; Rouve, Emmanuelle; Lakhal, Karim; Gandonnière, Charlotte Salmon; Jouan, Youenn; Bodet-Contentin, Laetitia; Balmier, Adrien; Messika, Jonathan; De Montmollin, Etienne; Pouyet, Victorine; Sztrymf, Benjamin; Thiagarajah, Abirami; Roux, Damien; De Chambrun, Marc Pineton; Luyt, Charles-Edouard; Beloncle, François; Zapella, Nathalie; Ledochowsky, Stanislas; Terzi, Nicolas; Mazou, Jean-Marc; Sonneville, Romain; Paulus, Sylvie; Fedun, Yannick; Landais, Mickael; Raphalen, Jean-Herlé; Combes, Alain; Amoura, Zahir; Jacquemin, Aemilia; Guerrero, Felipe; Marcheix, Bertrand; Hernandez, Nicolas; Fourcade, Olivier; Georges, Bernard; Delmas, Clément; Makoudi, Sarah; Genton, Audrey; Bernard, Rémy; Lebreton, Guillaume; Amour, Julien; Mazet, Charlotte; Bounes, Fanny; Murat, Gurbuz; Cronier, Laure; Robin, Guillaume; Biendel, Caroline; Silva, Stein; Boubeche, Samia; Abriou, Caroline; Wurtz, Véronique; Scherrer, Vincent; Rey, Nathalie; Gastaldi, Gioia; Veber, Benoit; Doguet, Fabien; Gay, Arnaud; Dureuil, Bertrand; Besnier, Emmanuel; Rouget, Antoine; Gantois, Guillaume; Magalhaes, Eric; Wanono, Ruben; Smonig, Roland; Lermuzeaux, Mathilde; Lebut, Jordane; Olivier, Andremont; Dupuis, Claire; Radjou, Aguila; Mourvillier, Bruno; Neuville, Mathilde; D’ortho, Marie Pia; Bouadma, Lila; Rouvel-Tallec, Anny; Rudler, Marika; Weiss, Nicolas; Perlbarg, Vincent; Galanaud, Damien; Thabut, Dominique; Rachdi, Emna; Mhamdi, Ghada; Trifi, Ahlem; Abdelmalek, Rim; Abdellatif, Sami; Daly, Foued; Nasri, Rochdi; Tiouiri, Hanene; Lakhal, Salah Ben; Rousseau, Geoffroy; Asmolov, Romain; Grammatico-Guillon, Leslie; Auvet, Adrien; Laribi, Said; Garot, Denis; Dequin, Pierre François; Guillon, Antoine; Fergé, Jean-Louis; Abgrall, Gwénolé; Hinault, Ronan; Vally, Shazima; Roze, Benoit; Chaplain, Agathe; Chabartier, Cyrille; Savidan, Anne-Charlotte; Marie, Sabia; Cabie, Andre; Resiere, Dabor; Valentino, Ruddy; Mehdaoui, Hossein; Benarous, Lucas; Soda-Diop, Marième; Bouzana, Fouad; Perrin, Gilles; Bourenne, Jeremy; Eon, Béatrice; Lambert, Dominique; Trebuchon, Agnes; Poncelet, Géraldine; Le Bourgeois, Fleur; Michael, Levy; Camille, Guillot; Naudin, Jérôme; Deho, Anna; Dauger, Stéphane; Sauthier, Michaël; Bergeron-Gallant, Krystale; Emeriaud, Guillaume; Jouvet, Philippe; Tiebergien, Nicolas; Jacquet-Lagrèze, Matthias; Fellahi, Jean-Luc; Baudin, Florent; Essouri, Sandrine; Javouhey, Etienne; Guérin, Claude; Lampin, Marie; Mamouri, Ouardia; Devos, Patrick; Karaca-Altintas, Yasemin; Vinchon, Matthieu; Brossier, David; Eltaani, Redha; Teyssedre, Sonia; Sabine, Meyet; Bouchut, Jean-Christophe; Peguet, Olivier; Petitdemange, Lucie; Guilbert, Anne Sophie; Aoul, Nabil Tabet; Addou, Zakaria; Aouffen, Nabil; Anas, Benqqa; Kalouch, Samira; Yaqini, Khalid; Chlilek, Aziz; Abdou, Rchi; Gravellier, Perrine; Chantreuil, Julie; Travers, Nadine; Listrat, Antoine; Le Reun, Claire; Favrais, Geraldine; Coppere, Zoe; Blanot, Stéphane; Montmayeur, Juliette; Bronchard, Régis; Rolando, Stephane; Orliaguet, Gilles; Leger, Pierre-Louis; Rambaud, Jérôme; Thueux, Emilie; De Larrard, Alexandra; Berthelot, Véronique; Denot, Julien; Reymond, Marie; Amblard, Alain; Morin-Zorman, Sarah; Lengliné, Etienne; Pichereau, Claire; Mariotte, Eric; Emmanuel, Canet; Poujade, Julien; Trumpff, Guillaume; Janssen-Langenstein, Ralf; Harlay, Marie-Line; Zaid, Noorah; Ait-Ammar, Nawel; Bonnal, Christine; Merle, Jean-Claude; Botterel, Francoise; Levesque, Eric; Riad, Zakaria; Mezidi, Mehdi; Yonis, Hodane; Aublanc, Mylène; Perinel-Ragey, Sophie; Lissonde, Floriane; Louf-Durier, Aurore; Tapponnier, Romain; Louis, Bruno; Forel, Jean-Marie; Bisbal, Magali; Lehingue, Samuel; Rambaud, Romain; Adda, Mélanie; Hraiech, Sami; Marchi, Elisa; Roch, Antoine; Guerin, Vincent; Rozencwajg, Sacha; Schmidt, Matthieu; Hekimian, Guillaume; Bréchot, Nicolas; Trouillet, Jean Louis; Besset, Sébastien; Franchineau, Guillaume; Nieszkowska, Ania; Pascal, Leprince; Loiselle, Maud; Sarah, Chemam; Laurence, Dangers; Guillemette, Thomas; Jacquens, Alice; Kerever, Sebastien; Guidet, Bertrand; Aegerter, Philippe; Das, Vincent; Fartoukh, Muriel; Hayon, Jan; Desmard, Mathieu; Fulgencio, Jean-Pierre; Zuber, Benjamin; Soufi, A.; Khaleq, K.; Hamoudi, D.; Garret, Charlotte; Peron, Matthieu; Coron, Emmanuel; Bretonnière, Cédric; Audureau, Etienne; Audrey, Winters; Christophe, Duvoux; Christian, Jacquelinet; Daniel, Azoulay; Cyrille, Feray; Aissaoui, Wissal; Rghioui, Kawtar; Haddad, Wafae; Barrou, Houcine; Carteaux-Taeib, Anna; Lupinacci, Renato; Manceau, Gilles; Jeune, Florence; Tresallet, Christophe; Habacha, Sahar; Fathallah, Ines; Zoubli, Aymen; Aloui, Rafaa; Kouraichi, Nadia; Jouet, Emilie; Badin, Julie; Fermier, Brice; Feller, Marc; Serie, Mathieu; Pillot, Jérôme; Marie, William; Gisbert-Mora, Chloé; Vinclair, Camille; Lesbordes, Pierre; Mathieu, Pascal; De Brabant, Fabienne; Muller, Emmanuel; Robaux, Marie-Aline; Giabicani, Mikhael; Marchalot, Antoine; Gelinotte, Stéphanie; Declercq, Pierre Louis; Eraldi, Jean-Pierre; Bougerol, François; Meunier-Beillard, Nicolas; Devilliers, Hervé; Rigaud, Jean-Philippe; Verrière, Camille; Ardisson, Fanny; Kentish-Barnes, Nancy; Jacq, Gwenaëlle; Chermak, Akli; Lautrette, Alexandre; Legrand, Matthieu; Soummer, Alexis; Thiery, Guillaume; Cottereau, Alice; Canet, Emmanuel; Caujolle, Marie; Allyn, Jérôme; Valance, Dorothée; Brulliard, Caroline; Martinet, Olivier; Jabot, Julien; Gallas, Thomas; Vandroux, David; Allou, Nicolas; Durand, Arthur; Nevière, Rémi; Delguste, Florian; Boulanger, Eric; Preau, Sebastien; Martin, Ruste; Cochet, Hélène; Ponthus, Jean Pierre; Amilien, Virginie; Tchir, Martial; Barsam, Elise; Ayoub, Mohsen; Georger, Jean Francois; Guillame, Izaute; Assaraf, Julie; Tripon, Simona; Mallet, Maxime; Barbara, Guilaume; Louis, Guillaume; Gaudry, Stéphane; Barbarot, Nicolas; Jamet, Angéline; Outin, Hervé; Gibot, Sébastien; Bollaert, Pierre-Edouard; Holleville, Mathilde; Legriel, Stéphane; Chateauneuf, Anne Laure; Cavelot, Sébastien; Moyer, Jean-Denis; Bedos, Jean Pierre; Merle, Philippe; Laine, Aurelie; Natalie, De Sa; Cornuault, Mathieu; Libot, Jérome; Asehnoune, Karim; Rozec, Bertrand; Dantal, Jacques; Videcoq, Michel; Degroote, Thècle; Jaillette, Emmanuelle; Zerimech, Farid; Malika, Balduyck; Llitjos, Jean-François; Amara, Marlène; Lacave, Guillaume; Pangon, Béatrice; Mavinga, José; Makunza, Joseph Nsiala; Mafuta, M. E.; Yanga, Yves; Eric, Amisi; Ilunga, Jp; Kilembe, Ma; Alby-Laurent, Fanny; Toubiana, Julie; Mokline, Amel; Laajili, Achraf; Amri, Helmi; Rahmani, Imene; Mensi, Nidhal; Gharsallah, Lazheri; Tlaili, Sofiene; Gasri, Bahija; Hammouda, Rym; Messadi, Amen Allah; Allain, Pierre-Antoine; Gault, Nathallie; Paugam-Burtz, Catherine; Foucrier, Arnaud; Chatbri, Bassem; Bourbiaa, Yousra; Thabet, Lamia; Neuschwander, Arthur; Vincent, Looten; Beck, Jennifer; Vibol, Chhor; Amelie, Yavchitz; Resche-Rigon, Matthieu; Pirracchio, Jean MantzRomain; Bureau, Côme; Decavèle, Maxens; Campion, Sébastien; Ainsouya, Roukia; Niérat, Marie-Cécile; Prodanovic, Hélène; Raux, Mathieu; Similowski, Thomas; Dubé, Bruno-Pierre; Demiri, Suela; Dres, Martin; May, Faten; Quintard, Hervé; Kounis, Ilias; Saliba, Faouzi; André, Stephane; Boudon, Marc; Ichai, Philippe; Younes, Aline; Nakad, Lionel; Coilly, Audrey; Antonini, Teresa; Sobesky, Rodolphe; De Martin, Eleonora; Samuel, Didier; Hubert, Noemie; Nay, Mai-Anh; Auchabie, Johann; Giraudeau, Bruno; Jean, Reignier; Darmon, Michaël; Ruckly, Stephane; Garrouste-Orgeas, Maïté; Gratia, Elisabeth; Goldgran-Toledano, Dany; Jamali, Samir; Dumenil, Anne Sylvie; Schwebel, Carole; Brisard, Laurent; Bizouarn, Philippe; Lepoivre, Thierry; Nicolet, Johanna; Rigal, Jean Christophe; Roussel, Jean Christian; Cheurfa, Cherifa; Abily, Julien; Lescot, Thomas; Page, Isaline; Warnier, Stéphanie; Nys, Monique; Rousseau, Anne-Françoise; Damas, Pierre; Uhel, Fabrice; Lesouhaitier, Mathieu; Grégoire, Murielle; Gaudriot, Baptiste; Gacouin, Arnaud; Le Tulzo, Yves; Flecher, Erwan; Tarte, Karin; Tadié, Jean-Marc; Georges, Quentin; Soares, M.; Jeon, Kyeongman; Oeyen, Sandra; Rhee, Chin Kook; Gruber, Pascale; Ostermann, Marlies; Hill, Quentin; Depuydt, Peter; Ferra, Christelle; Muller, Alice; Aurelie, Bourmaud; Niles, Christopher; Herbert, Fabien; Pied, Sylviane; Loridant, Séverine; François, Nadine; Bignon, Anne; Sendid, Boualem; Lemaitre, Caroline; Dupre, Celine; Zayene, Aymen; Portier, Lucie; De Freitas Caires, Nathalie; Lassalle, Philippe; Le Neindre, Aymeric; Selot, Pascal; Ferreiro, Daniel; Bonarek, Maria; Henriot, Stépahen; Rodriguez, Julie; Taddei, Mara; Di Bari, Mauro; Hickmann, Cheryl; Castanares-Zapatero, Diego; Deldicque, Louise; Van Den Bergh, Peter; Caty, Gilles; Roeseler, Jean; Francaux, Marc; Laterre, Pierre-François; Dupuis, Bastien; Machayeckhi, Sharam; Sarfati, Celine; Moore, Alex; Mendialdua, Paula; Rodet, Emilie; Pilorge, Catherine; Stephan, Francois; Rezaiguia-Delclaux, Saida; Dugernier, Jonathan; Hesse, Michel; Jumetz, Thibaud; Bialais, Emilie; Depoortere, Virginie; Michotte, Jean Bernard; Wittebole, Xavier; Jamar, François title: Proceedings of Réanimation 2017, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress date: 2017-01-10 journal: Ann Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s13613-016-0224-7 sha: doc_id: 14538 cord_uid: 6a2pviol file: cache/cord-006880-9dgmdtj8.json key: cord-006880-9dgmdtj8 authors: nan title: Neurocritical Care Society 10th Annual Meeting: October 4 - 7, 2012 Sheraton Denver Downtown Hotel Denver, Colorado date: 2012-09-19 journal: Neurocrit Care DOI: 10.1007/s12028-012-9775-0 sha: doc_id: 6880 cord_uid: 9dgmdtj8 file: cache/cord-017227-66dx2dkv.json key: cord-017227-66dx2dkv authors: Humphreys, Hilary; Winter, Bob; Paul, Mical title: Immunocompromised Patients date: 2012-08-21 journal: Infections in the Adult Intensive Care Unit DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-4318-5_10 sha: doc_id: 17227 cord_uid: 66dx2dkv file: cache/cord-005646-xhx9pzhj.json key: cord-005646-xhx9pzhj authors: nan title: 2nd World Congress on Pediatric Intensive Care 1996 Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 23–26 June 1996 Abstracts of Oral Presentations, Posters and Nursing Programme date: 1996 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/bf02316512 sha: doc_id: 5646 cord_uid: xhx9pzhj file: cache/cord-014533-6qfecv5h.json key: cord-014533-6qfecv5h authors: Velasquez, T.; Mackey, G.; Lusk, J.; Kyle, U. G.; Fontenot, T.; Marshall, P.; Shekerdemian, L. S.; Coss-Bu, J. A.; Nishigaki, A.; Yatabe, T.; Tamura, T.; Yamashita, K.; Yokoyama, M.; Ruiz-Rodriguez, J. C.; Encina, B.; Belmonte, R.; Troncoso, I.; Tormos, P.; Riveiro, M.; Baena, J.; Sanchez, A.; Bañeras, J.; Cordón, J.; Duran, N.; Ruiz, A.; Caballero, J.; Nuvials, X.; Riera, J.; Serra, J.; Rutten, A. M. F.; van Ieperen, S. N. M.; Der Kinderen, E. P. H. M.; Van Logten, T.; Kovacikova, L.; Skrak, P.; Zahorec, M.; Kyle, U. G.; Akcan-Arikan, A.; Silva, J. C.; Mackey, G.; Lusk, J.; Goldsworthy, M.; Shekerdemian, L. S.; Coss-Bu, J. A.; Wood, D.; Harrison, D.; Parslow, R.; Davis, P.; Pappachan, J.; Goodwin, S.; Ramnarayan, P.; Chernyshuk, S.; Yemets, H.; Zhovnir, V.; Pulitano’, S. M.; De Rosa, S.; Mancino, A.; Villa, G.; Tosi, F.; Franchi, P.; Conti, G.; Patel, B.; Khine, H.; Shah, A.; Sung, D.; Singer, L.; Haghbin, S.; Inaloo, S.; Serati, Z.; Idei, M.; Nomura, T.; Yamamoto, N.; Sakai, Y.; Yoshida, T.; Matsuda, Y.; Yamaguchi, Y.; Takaki, S.; Yamaguchi, O.; Goto, T.; Longani, N.; Medar, S.; Abdel-Aal, I. R.; El Adawy, A. S.; Mohammed, H. M. E. H.; Mohamed, A. N.; Parry, S. M.; Knight, L. D.; Denehy, L.; De Morton, N.; Baldwin, C. E.; Sani, D.; Kayambu, G.; da Silva, V. Z. M.; Phongpagdi, P.; Puthucheary, Z. A.; Granger, C. L.; Rydingsward, J. E.; Horkan, C. M.; Christopher, K. B.; McWilliams, D.; Jones, C.; Reeves, E.; Atkins, G.; Snelson, C.; Aitken, L. M.; Rattray, J.; Kenardy, J.; Hull, A. M.; Ullman, A.; Le Brocque, R.; Mitchell, M.; Davis, C.; Macfarlane, B.; Azevedo, J. C.; Rocha, L. L.; De Freitas, F. F. M.; Cavalheiro, A. M.; Lucinio, N. M.; Lobato, M. S.; Ebeling, G.; Kraegpoeth, A.; Laerkner, E.; De Brito-Ashurst, I.; White, C.; Gregory, S.; Forni, L. G.; Flowers, E.; Curtis, A.; Wood, C. A.; Siu, K.; Venkatesan, K.; Muhammad, J. B. H.; Ng, L.; Seet, E.; Baptista, N.; Escoval, A.; Tomas, E.; Agrawal, R.; Mathew, R.; Varma, A.; Dima, E.; Charitidou, E.; Perivolioti, E.; Pratikaki, M.; Vrettou, C.; Giannopoulos, A.; Zakynthinos, S.; Routsi, C.; Atchade, E.; Houzé, S.; Jean-Baptiste, S.; Thabut, G.; Genève, C.; Tanaka, S.; Lortat-Jacob, B.; Augustin, P.; Desmard, M.; Montravers, P.; de Molina, F. J. González; Barbadillo, S.; Alejandro, R.; Álvarez-Lerma, F.; Vallés, J.; Catalán, R. M.; Palencia, E.; Jareño, A.; Granada, R. M.; Ignacio, M. L.; Cui, N.; Liu, D.; Wang, H.; Su, L.; Qiu, H.; Li, R.; Jaffal, K.; Rouzé, A.; Poissy, J.; Sendid, B.; Nseir, S.; Paramythiotou, E.; Rizos, M.; Frantzeskaki, F.; Antoniadou, A.; Vourli, S.; Zerva, L.; Armaganidis, A.; Riera, J.; Gottlieb, J.; Greer, M.; Wiesner, O.; Martínez, M.; Acuña, M.; Rello, J.; Welte, T.; Atchade, E.; Mignot, T.; Houzé, S.; Jean-Baptiste, S.; Thabut, G.; Lortat-Jacob, B.; Tanaka, S.; Augustin, P.; Desmard, M.; Montravers, P.; Soussi, S.; Dudoignon, E.; Ferry, A.; Chaussard, M.; Benyamina, M.; Alanio, A.; Touratier, S.; Chaouat, M.; Lafaurie, M.; Mimoun, M.; Mebazaa, A.; Legrand, M.; Sheils, M. A.; Patel, C.; Mohankumar, L.; Akhtar, N.; Noriega, S. K. Pacheco; Aldana, N. Navarrete; León, J. L. Ávila; Baquero, J. Durand; Bernal, F. Fernández; Ahmadnia, E.; Hadley, J. S.; Millar, M.; Hall, D.; Hewitt, H.; Yasuda, H.; Sanui, M.; Komuro, T.; Kawano, S.; Andoh, K.; Yamamoto, H.; Noda, E.; Hatakeyama, J.; Saitou, N.; Okamoto, H.; Kobayashi, A.; Takei, T.; Matsukubo, S.; Rotzel, H. B.; Lázaro, A. Serrano; Prada, D. Aguillón; Gimillo, M. Rodriguez; Barinas, O. Diaz; Cortes, M. L. Blasco; Franco, J. Ferreres; Roca, J. M. Segura; Carratalá, A.; Gonçalves, B.; Turon, R.; Mendes, A.; Miranda, F.; Mata, P. J.; Cavalcanti, D.; Melo, N.; Lacerda, P.; Kurtz, P.; Righy, C.; Rosario, L. E. de la Cruz; Lesmes, S. P. Gómez; Romero, J. C. García; Herrera, A. N. García; Pertuz, E. D. Díaz; Sánchez, M. J. Gómez; Sanz, E. Regidor; Hualde, J. Barado; Hernández, A. Ansotegui; Irazabal, J. M. Guergué; Spatenkova, V.; Bradac, O.; Suchomel, P.; Urli, T.; Lazzeri, E. Heusch; Aspide, R.; Zanello, M.; Perez-Borrero, L.; Garcia-Alvarez, J. M.; Arias-Verdu, M. D.; Aguilar-Alonso, E.; Rivera-Fernandez, R.; Mora-Ordoñez, J.; De La Fuente-Martos, C.; Castillo-Lorente, E.; Guerrero-Lopez, F.; Lesmes, S. P. Gómez; Rosario, L. E. De la Cruz; Pertuz, E. D. Díaz; Hernández, A. Ansotegui; Romero, J. C. García; Sánchez, M. J. Gómez; Herrera, A. N. García; Ramírez, J. Roldán; Sanz, E. Regidor; Hualde, J. Barado; León, J. P. Tirapu; Navarro-Guillamón, L.; Cordovilla-Guardia, S.; Iglesias-Santiago, A.; Guerrero-López, F.; Fernández-Mondéjar, E.; Vidal, A.; Perez, M.; Juez, A.; Arias, N.; Colino, L.; Perez, J. L.; Pérez, H.; Calpe, P.; Alcala, M. A.; Robaglia, D.; Perez, C.; Lan, S. K.; Cunha, M. M.; Moreira, T.; Santos, F.; Lafuente, E.; Fernandes, M. J.; Silva, J. G.; Rosario, L. E. de la Cruz; Lesmes, S. P. Gómez; Herrera, A. N. García; Romero, J. C. García; Pertuz, E. D. Díaz; Sánchez, M. J. Gómez; Sanz, E. Regidor; Echeverría, J. G. Armando; Hernández, A. Ansotegui; Hualde, J. Barado; Podlepich, V.; Sokolova, E.; Alexandrova, E.; Lapteva, K.; Kurtz, P.; Shuinotsuka, C.; Rabello, L.; Vianna, G.; Reis, A.; Cairus, C.; Salluh, J.; Bozza, F.; Torres, J. C. Barrios; Araujo, N. J. Fernández; García-Olivares, P.; Keough, E.; Dalorzo, M.; Tang, L. K.; De Sousa, I.; Díaz, M.; Marcos-Zambrano, L. J.; Guerrero, J. E.; Gomez, S. E. Zamora; Lopez, G. D. Hernandez; Cuellar, A. I. Vazquez; Nieto, O. R. Perez; Gonzalez, J. A. Castanon; Bhasin, D.; Rai, S.; Singh, H.; Gupta, O.; Bhattal, M. K.; Sampley, S.; Sekhri, K.; Nandha, R.; Aliaga, F. A.; Olivares, F.; Appiani, F.; Farias, P.; Alberto, F.; Hernández, A.; Pons, S.; Sonneville, R.; Bouadma, L.; Neuville, M.; Mariotte, E.; Radjou, A.; Lebut, J.; Chemam, S.; Voiriot, G.; Dilly, M. P.; Mourvillier, B.; Dorent, R.; Nataf, P.; Wolff, M.; Timsit, J. F.; Ediboglu, O.; Ataman, S.; Ozkarakas, H.; Kirakli, C.; Vakalos, A.; Avramidis, V.; Obukhova, O.; Kurmukov, I. A.; Kashiya, S.; Golovnya, E.; Baikova, V. N.; Ageeva, T.; Haritydi, T.; Kulaga, E. V.; Rios-Toro, J. J.; Perez-Borrero, L.; Aguilar-Alonso, E.; Arias-Verdu, M. D.; Garcia-Alvarez, J. M.; Lopez-Caler, C.; De La Fuente-Martos, C.; Rodriguez-Fernandez, S.; Sanchez-Orézzoli, M. Gomez; Martin-Gallardo, F.; Nikhilesh, J.; Joshi, V.; Villarreal, E.; Ruiz, J.; Gordon, M.; Quinza, A.; Gimenez, J.; Piñol, M.; Castellanos, A.; Ramirez, P.; Jeon, Y. D.; Jeong, W. Y.; Kim, M. H.; Jeong, I. Y.; Ahn, M. Y.; Ahn, J. Y.; Han, S. H.; Choi, J. Y.; Song, Y. G.; Kim, J. M.; Ku, N. S.; Shah, H.; Kellner, F.; Rezai, F.; Mistry, N.; Yodice, P.; Ovnanian, V.; Fless, K.; Handler, E.; Alejos, R. Martínez; Romeu, J. D. Martí; Antón, D. González; Quinart, A.; Martí, A. Torres; Llaurado-Serra, M.; Lobo-Civico, A.; Ventura-Rosado, A.; Piñol-Tena, A.; Pi-Guerrero, M.; Paños-Espinosa, C.; Peralvo-Bernat, M.; Marine-Vidal, J.; Gonzalez-Engroba, R.; Montesinos-Cerro, N.; Treso-Geira, M.; Valeiras-Valero, A.; Martinez-Reyes, L.; Sandiumenge, A.; Jimenez-Herrera, M. F.; Helyar, S.; Riozzi, P.; Noon, A.; Hallows, G.; Cotton, H.; Keep, J.; Hopkins, P. A.; Taggu, A.; Renuka, S.; Sampath, S.; Rood, P. J. T.; Frenzel, T.; Verhage, R.; Bonn, M.; Pickkers, P.; van der Hoeven, J. G.; van den Boogaard, M.; Corradi, F.; Melnyk, L.; Moggia, F.; Pienovi, R.; Adriano, G.; Brusasco, C.; Mariotti, L.; Lattuada, M.; Bloomer, M. J.; Coombs, M.; Ranse, K.; Endacott, R.; Maertens, B.; Blot, K.; Blot, S.; Amerongen, M. P. van Nieuw; van der Heiden, E. S.; Twisk, J. W. R.; Girbes, A. R. J.; Spijkstra, J. J.; Riozzi, P.; Helyar, S.; Cotton, H.; Hallows, G.; Noon, A.; Bell, C.; Peters, K.; Feehan, A.; Keep, J.; Hopkins, P. A.; Churchill, K.; Hawkins, K.; Brook, R.; Paver, N.; Endacott, R.; Maistry, N.; van Wijk, A.; Rouw, N.; van Galen, T.; Evelein-Brugman, S.; Taggu, A.; Krishna, B.; Sampath, S.; Putzu, A.; Fang, M.; Berto, M. Boscolo; Belletti, A.; Cassina, T.; Cabrini, L.; Mistry, M.; Alhamdi, Y.; Welters, I.; Abrams, S. T.; Toh, C. H.; Han, H. S.; Gil, E. M.; Lee, D. S.; Park, C. M.; Winder-Rhodes, S.; Lotay, R.; Doyle, J.; Ke, M. W.; Huang, W. C.; Chiang, C. H.; Hung, W. T.; Cheng, C. C.; Lin, K. C.; Lin, S. C.; Chiou, K. R.; Wann, S. R.; Shu, C. W.; Kang, P. L.; Mar, G. Y.; Liu, C. P.; Dubó, S.; Aquevedo, A.; Jibaja, M.; Berrutti, D.; Labra, C.; Lagos, R.; García, M. F.; Ramirez, V.; Tobar, M.; Picoita, F.; Peláez, C.; Carpio, D.; Alegría, L.; Hidalgo, C.; Godoy, K.; Bakker, J.; Hernández, G.; Sadamoto, Y.; Katabami, K.; Wada, T.; Ono, Y.; Maekawa, K.; Hayakawa, M.; Sawamura, A.; Gando, S.; Marin-Mateos, H.; Perez-Vela, J. L.; Garcia-Gigorro, R.; Peiretti, M. A. Corres; Lopez-Gude, M. J.; Chacon-Alves, S.; Renes-Carreño, E.; Montejo-González, J. C.; Parlevliet, K. L.; Touw, H. R. W.; Beerepoot, M.; Boer, C.; Elbers, P. W. G.; Tuinman, P. R.; Abdelmonem, S. A.; Helmy, T. A.; El Sayed, I.; Ghazal, S.; Akhlagh, S. H.; Masjedi, M.; Hozhabri, K.; Kamali, E.; Zýková, I.; Paldusová, B.; Sedlák, P.; Morman, D.; Youn, A. M.; Ohta, Y.; Sakuma, M.; Bates, D.; Morimoto, T.; Su, P. L.; Chang, W. Y.; Lin, W. C.; Chen, C. W.; Facchin, F.; Zarantonello, F.; Panciera, G.; De Cassai, A.; Venrdramin, A.; Ballin, A.; Tonetti, T.; Persona, P.; Ori, C.; Del Sorbo, L.; Rossi, S.; Vergani, G.; Cressoni, M.; Chiumello, D.; Chiurazzi, C.; Brioni, M.; Algieri, I.; Tonetti, T.; Guanziroli, M.; Colombo, A.; Tomic, I.; Colombo, A.; Crimella, F.; Carlesso, E.; Gasparovic, V.; Gattinoni, L.; Neto, A. Serpa; Schmidt, M.; Pham, T.; Combes, A.; de Abreu, M. Gama; Pelosi, P.; Schultz, M. J.; Katira, B. H.; Engelberts, D.; Giesinger, R. E.; Ackerley, C.; Yoshida, T.; Zabini, D.; Otulakowski, G.; Post, M.; Kuebler, W. M.; McNamara, P. J.; Kavanagh, B. P.; Pirracchio, R.; Rigon, M. Resche; Carone, M.; Chevret, S.; Annane, D.; Eladawy, S.; El-Hamamsy, M.; Bazan, N.; Elgendy, M.; De Pascale, G.; Vallecoccia, M. S.; Cutuli, S. L.; Di Gravio, V.; Pennisi, M. A.; Conti, G.; Antonelli, M.; Andreis, D. T.; Khaliq, W.; Singer, M.; Hartmann, J.; Harm, S.; Carmona, S. Alcantara; Almudevar, P. Matia; Abellán, A. Naharro; Ramos, J. Veganzones; Pérez, L. Pérez; Valbuena, B. Lobo; Sanz, N. Martínez; Simón, I. Fernández; Arrigo, M.; Feliot, E.; Deye, N.; Cariou, A.; Guidet, B.; Jaber, S.; Leone, M.; Resche-Rigon, M.; Baron, A. Vieillard; Legrand, M.; Gayat, E.; Mebazaa, A.; Balik, M.; Kolnikova, I.; Maly, M.; Waldauf, P.; Tavazzi, G.; Kristof, J.; Herpain, A.; Su, F.; Post, E.; Taccone, F.; Vincent, J. L.; Creteur, J.; Lee, C.; Hatib, F.; Jian, Z.; Buddi, S.; Cannesson, M.; Fileković, S.; Turel, M.; Knafelj, R.; Gorjup, V.; Stanić, R.; Gradišek, P.; Cerović, O.; Mirković, T.; Noč, M.; Tirkkonen, J.; Hellevuo, H.; Olkkola, K. T.; Hoppu, S.; Lin, K. C.; Hung, W. T.; Chiang, C. C.; Huang, W. C.; Juan, W. C.; Lin, S. C.; Cheng, C. C.; Lin, P. H.; Fong, K. Y.; Hou, D. S.; Kang, P. L.; Wann, S. R.; Chen, Y. S.; Mar, G. Y.; Liu, C. P.; Paul, M.; Bougouin, W.; Geri, G.; Dumas, F.; Champigneulle, B.; Legriel, S.; Charpentier, J.; Mira, J. P.; Sandroni, C.; Cariou, A.; Zimmerman, J.; Sullivan, E.; Noursadeghi, M.; Fox, B.; Sampson, D.; McHugh, L.; Yager, T.; Cermelli, S.; Seldon, T.; Bhide, S.; Brandon, R. A.; Brandon, R. B.; Zwaag, J.; Beunders, R.; Pickkers, P.; Kox, M.; Gul, F.; Arslantas, M. K.; Genc, D.; Zibandah, N.; Topcu, L.; Akkoc, T.; Cinel, I.; Greco, E.; Lauretta, M. P.; Andreis, D. T.; Singer, M.; Garcia, I. Palacios; Cordero, M.; Martin, A. Diaz; Pallás, T. Aldabó; Montero, J. Garnacho; Rey, J. Revuelto; Malo, L. Roman; Montoya, A. A. Tanaka; Martinez, A. D. C. Amador; Ayala, L. Y. Delgado; Zepeda, E. Monares; Granillo, J. Franco; Sanchez, J. Aguirre; Alejo, G. Camarena; Cabrera, A. Rugerio; Montenegro, A. Pedraza; Pham, T.; Beduneau, G.; Schortgen, F.; Piquilloud, L.; Zogheib, E.; Jonas, M.; Grelon, F.; Runge, I.; Terzi, N.; Grangé, S.; Barberet, G.; Guitard, P. G.; Frat, J. P.; Constan, A.; Chrétien, J. M.; Mancebo, J.; Mercat, A.; Richard, J. C. M.; Brochard, L.; Soilemezi, E.; Koco, E.; Savvidou, S.; Nouris, C.; Matamis, D.; Di Mussi, R.; Spadaro, S.; Volta, C. A.; Mariani, M.; Colaprico, A.; Antonio, C.; Bruno, F.; Grasso, S.; Rodriguez, A.; Martín-Loeches, I.; Díaz, E.; Masclans, J. R.; Gordo, F.; Solé-Violán, J.; Bodí, M.; Avilés-Jurado, F. X.; Trefler, S.; Magret, M.; Reyes, L. F.; Marín-Corral, J.; Yebenes, J. C.; Esteban, A.; Anzueto, A.; Aliberti, S.; Restrepo, M. I.; Larsson, J. Skytte; Redfors, B.; Ricksten, S. E.; Haines, R.; Powell-Tuck, J.; Leonard, H.; Ostermann, M.; Berthelsen, R. E.; Itenov, T. S.; Perner, A.; Jensen, J. U.; Ibsen, M.; Jensen, A. E. K.; Bestle, M. H.; Bucknall, T.; Dixon, J.; Boa, F.; MacPhee, I.; Philips, B. J.; Doyle, J.; Saadat, F.; Samuels, T.; Huddart, S.; McCormick, B.; DeBrunnar, R.; Preece, J.; Swart, M.; Peden, C.; Richardson, S.; Forni, L.; Kalfon, P.; Baumstarck, K.; Estagnasie, P.; Geantot, M. A.; Berric, A.; Simon, G.; Floccard, B.; Signouret, T.; Boucekine, M.; Fromentin, M.; Nyunga, M.; Sossou, A.; Venot, M.; Robert, R.; Follin, A.; Renault, A.; Garrouste, M.; Collange, O.; Levrat, Q.; Villard, I.; Thévenin, D.; Pottecher, J.; Patrigeon, R. G.; Revel, N.; Vigne, C.; Mimoz, O.; Auquier, P.; Pawar, S.; Jacques, T.; Deshpande, K.; Pusapati, R.; Wood, B.; Pulham, R. A.; Wray, J.; Brown, K.; Pierce, C.; Nadel, S.; Ramnarayan, P.; Azevedo, J. R.; Montenegro, W. S.; Rodrigues, D. P.; Sousa, S. C.; Araujo, V. F.; Leitao, A. L.; Prazeres, P. H.; Mendonca, A. V.; Paula, M. P.; Das Neves, A.; Loudet, C. I.; Busico, M.; Vazquez, D.; Villalba, D.; Lischinsky, A.; Veronesi, M.; Emmerich, M.; Descotte, E.; Juliarena, A.; Bisso, M. Carboni; Grando, M.; Tapia, A.; Camargo, M.; Ulla, D. Villani; Corzo, L.; dos Santos, H. Placido; Ramos, A.; Doglia, J. A.; Estenssoro, E.; Carbonara, M.; Magnoni, S.; Donald, C. L. Mac; Shimony, J. S.; Conte, V.; Triulzi, F.; Stretti, F.; Macrì, M.; Snyder, A. Z.; Stocchetti, N.; Brody, D. L.; Podlepich, V.; Shimanskiy, V.; Savin, I.; Lapteva, K.; Chumaev, A.; Tjepkema-Cloostermans, M. C.; Hofmeijer, J.; Beishuizen, A.; Hom, H.; Blans, M. J.; van Putten, M. J. A. M.; Longhi, L.; Frigeni, B.; Curinga, M.; Mingone, D.; Beretta, S.; Patruno, A.; Gandini, L.; Vargiolu, A.; Ferri, F.; Ceriani, R.; Rottoli, M. R.; Lorini, L.; Citerio, G.; Pifferi, S.; Battistini, M.; Cordolcini, V.; Agarossi, A.; Di Rosso, R.; Ortolano, F.; Stocchetti, N.; Lourido, C. Mora; Cabrera, J. L. Santana; Santana, J. D. Martín; Alzola, L. Melián; del Rosario, C. García; Pérez, H. Rodríguez; Torrent, R. Lorenzo; Eslami, S.; Dalhuisen, A.; Fiks, T.; Schultz, M. J.; Hanna, A. Abu; Spronk, P. E.; Wood, M.; Maslove, D.; Muscedere, J.; Scott, S. H.; Saha, T.; Hamilton, A.; Petsikas, D.; Payne, D.; Boyd, J. G.; Puthucheary, Z. A.; McNelly, A. S.; Rawal, J.; Connolly, B.; McPhail, M. J.; Sidhu, P.; Rowlerson, A.; Moxham, J.; Harridge, S. D.; Hart, N.; Montgomery, H. E.; Jovaisa, T.; Thomas, B.; Gupta, D.; Wijayatilake, D. S.; Shum, H. P.; King, H. S.; Chan, K. C.; Tang, K. B.; Yan, W. W.; Arias, C. Castro; Latorre, J.; De La Rica, A. Suárez; Garrido, E. Maseda; Feijoo, A. Montero; Gancedo, C. Hernández; Tofiño, A. López; Rodríguez, F. Gilsanz; Gemmell, L. K.; Campbell, R.; Doherty, P.; MacKay, A.; Singh, N.; Vitaller, S.; Nagib, H.; Prieto, J.; Del Arco, A.; Zayas, B.; Gomez, C.; Tirumala, S.; Pasha, S. A.; Kumari, B. K.; Martinez-Lopez, P.; Puerto-Morlán, A.; Nuevo-Ortega, P.; Pujol, L. Martinez; Dolset, R. Algarte; González, B. Sánchez; Riera, S. Quintana; Álvarez, J. Trenado; Quintana, S.; Martínez, L.; Algarte, R.; Sánchez, B.; Trenado, J.; Tomas, E.; Brock, N.; Viegas, E.; Filipe, E.; Cottle, D.; Traynor, T.; Martínez, M. V. Trasmonte; Márquez, M. Pérez; Gómez, L. Colino; Martínez, N. Arias; Muñoz, J. M. Milicua; Bellver, B. Quesada; Varea, M. Muñoz; Llorente, M. Á. Alcalá; Calvo, C. Pérez; Hillier, S. D.; Faulds, M. C.; Hendra, H.; Lawrence, N.; Maekawa, K.; Hayakawa, M.; Ono, Y.; Kodate, A.; Sadamoto, Y.; Tominaga, N.; Mizugaki, A.; Murakami, H.; Yoshida, T.; Katabami, K.; Wada, T.; Sawamura, A.; Gando, S.; Silva, S.; Kerhuel, L.; Malagurski, B.; Citerio, G.; Chabanne, R.; Laureys, S.; Puybasset, L.; Nobile, L.; Pognuz, E. R.; Rossetti, A. O.; Verginella, F.; Gaspard, N.; Creteur, J.; Ben-Hamouda, N.; Oddo, M.; Taccone, F. S.; Ono, Y.; Hayakawa, M.; Iijima, H.; Maekawa, K.; Kodate, A.; Sadamoto, Y.; Mizugaki, A.; Murakami, H.; Katabami, K.; Wada, T.; Sawamura, A.; Gando, S.; Kodate, A.; Katabami, K.; Wada, T.; Ono, Y.; Maekawa, K.; Hayakawa, M.; Sawamura, A.; Gando, S.; Andersen, L. W.; Raymond, T.; Berg, R.; Nadkarni, V.; Grossestreuer, A.; Kurth, T.; Donnino, M.; Krüger, A.; Ostadal, P.; Janotka, M.; Vondrakova, D.; Kongpolprom, N.; Cholkraisuwat, J.; Pekkarinen, P. T.; Ristagno, G.; Masson, S.; Latini, R.; Bendel, S.; Ala-Kokko, T.; Varpula, T.; Vaahersalo, J.; Hoppu, S.; Tiainen, M.; Mion, M. M.; Plebani, M.; Pettilä, V.; Skrifvars, M.B.; Son, Y.; Kim, K. S.; Suh, G. J.; Kwon, W. Y.; Ko, J. I.; Park, M. J.; Cavicchi, F. Zama; Iesu, E.; Nobile, L.; Vincent, J. L.; Creteur, J.; Taccone, F. S.; Tanaka, H.; Otani, N.; Ode, S.; Ishimatsu, S.; Martínez, L.; Algarte, R.; Sánchez, B.; Romero, I.; Martínez, F.; Quintana, S.; Trenado, J.; Vondrakova, D.; Ostadal, P.; Kruger, A.; Janotka, M.; Malek, F.; Neuzil, P.; Yeh, Y. C.; Chen, Y. S.; Wang, C. H.; Huang, C. H.; Chao, A.; Lee, C. T.; Lai, C. H.; Chan, W. S.; Cheng, Y. J.; Sun, W. Z.; Kaese, S.; Horstmann, C.; Lebiedz, P.; Mourad, M.; Gaudard, P.; Eliet, J.; Zeroual, N.; Colson, P.; Ostadal, P.; Mlcek, M.; Hrachovina, M.; Kruger, A.; Vondrakova, D.; Janotka, M.; Mates, M.; Hala, P.; Kittnar, O.; Neuzil, P.; Jacky, A.; Rudiger, A.; Spahn, D. R.; Bettex, D. A.; Kara, A.; Akin, S.; Dos reis Miranda, D.; Struijs, A.; Caliskan, K.; van Thiel, R. J.; Dubois, E. A.; de Wilde, W.; Zijlstra, F.; Gommers, D.; Ince, C.; Marca, L.; Xini, A.; Mongkolpun, W.; Cordeiro, C. P. R.; Leite, R. T.; Lheureux, O.; Bader, A.; Rincon, L.; Santacruz, C.; Preiser, J. C.; Chao, A.; Chao, A. S.; Chen, Y. S.; Kim, W.; Ahn, C.; Cho, Y.; Lim, T. H.; Oh, J.; Choi, K. S.; Jang, B. H.; Ha, J. K.; Mecklenburg, A.; Stamm, J.; Soeffker, G.; Kubik, M.; Sydow, K.; Reichenspurner, H.; Kluge, S.; Braune, S.; Bergantino, B.; Ruberto, F.; Magnanimi, E.; Privato, E.; Zullino, V.; Bruno, K.; Pugliese, F.; Sales, G.; Girotto, V.; Vittone, F.; Brazzi, L.; Fritz, C.; Kimmoun, A.; Vanhuyse, F.; Trifan, B.; Orlowski, S.; Albuisson, E.; Tran, N.; Levy, B.; Chhor, V.; Joachim, J.; Follin, A.; Champigneulle, B.; Chatelon, J.; Fave, G.; Mantz, J.; Pirracchio, R.; Diaz, D. Díaz; Villanova, M.; Aguirregabyria, M.; Andrade, G.; López, L.; Palencia, E.; John, G.; Cowan, R.; Hart, R.; Lake, K.; Litchfield, K.; Song, J. W.; Lee, Y. J.; Cho, Y. J.; Choi, S.; Vermeir, P.; Vandijck, D.; Blot, S.; Mariman, A.; Verhaeghe, R.; Deveugele, M.; Vogelaers, D.; Chok, L.; Bachli, E. B.; Bettex, D.; Cottini, S. R.; Keller, E.; Maggiorini, M.; Schuepbach, R.; Fiks, T.; Stiphout, C.; Grevelink, M.; Vaneker, I.; Ruijter, A.; Buise, M.; Spronk, P. E.; Tena, S. Altaba; Barrachina, L. Galarza; Portillo, J. H. Rodriguez; Aznar, G. Pagés; Campos, L. Mateu; Sellés, M. D. Ferrándiz; Tomás, M. Arlandis; Muncharaz, A. Belenguer; Skinner, L.; Monsalvo, S.; Olavarria, E.; Stümpfle, R.; Na, S. J.; Park, J.; Chung, C. R.; Park, C. M.; Suh, G. Y.; Yang, J. H.; Witter, T.; Brousseau, C.; Butler, M. B.; Erdogan, M.; Dougall, P. C. Mac; Green, R. S.; Abbott, T. E. F.; Torrance, H. D. T.; Cron, N.; Vaid, N.; Emmanuel, J.; Siddiqui, S. S.; Prabu, N.; Chaudhari, H. K.; Patil, V. P.; Divatia, J. V.; Solanki, S.; Kulkarni, A. P.; Gutierrez, L. A. Rincon; Bader, A.; Brasseur, A.; Lheureux, O.; Vincent, J. L.; Creteur, J.; Taccone, F. S.; Hempel, D.; Stauffert, N.; Recker, F.; Schröder, T.; Reusch, S.; Schleifer, J.; Breitkreutz, R.; Sjövall, F.; Perner, A.; Møller, M. Hylander; Moraes, R. B.; Borges, F. K.; Guillen, J. A. V.; Zabaletta, W. J. C.; Ruiz-Ramos, J.; Ramirez, P.; Marqués-Miñana, M. R.; Villarreal, E.; Gordon, M.; Sosa, M.; Concha, P.; Castellanos, A.; Menendez, R.; Ramírez, C. Sánchez; Santana, M. Cabrera; Balcázar, L. Caipe; Escalada, S. Hípola; Viera, M. A. Hernández; Vázquez, C. F. Lübbe; Díaz, J. J. Díaz; Campelo, F. Artiles; Monroy, N. Sangil; Santana, P. Saavedra; Santana, S. Ruiz; Gutiérrez-Pizarraya, A.; Garnacho-Montero, J.; Martin, C.; Baumstarck, K.; Leone, M.; Martín-Loeches, I.; Pirracchio, R.; Legrand, M.; Mainardi, J. L.; Mantz, J.; Cholley, B.; Hubbard, A.; Frontera, P. Ruiz; Vega, L. M. Claraco; Miguelena, P. Ruiz de Gopegui; Usón, M. C. Villuendas; López, A. Rezusta; Clemente, E. Aurensanz; Ibañes, P. Gutiérrez; Aguilar, A. L. Ruiz; Palomar, M.; Olaechea, P.; Uriona, S.; Vallverdu, M.; Catalan, M.; Nuvials, X.; Aragon, C.; Lerma, F. Alvarez; Jeon, Y. D.; Jeong, W. Y.; Kim, M. H.; Jeong, I. Y.; Ahn, M. Y.; Ahn, J. Y.; Han, S. H.; Choi, J. Y.; Song, Y. G.; Kim, J. M.; Ku, N. S.; Bassi, G. Li; Xiol, E. Aguilera; Senussi, T.; Idone, F. A.; Motos, A.; Chiurazzi, C.; Travierso, C.; Fernández-Barat, L.; Amaro, R.; Hua, Y.; Ranzani, O. T.; Bobi, Q.; Rigol, M.; Torres, A.; Fernández, I. Fuentes; Soler, E. Andreu; de Vera, A. Pareja Rodríguez; Pastor, E. Escudero; Hernandis, V.; Ros Martínez, J.; Rubio, R. Jara; Torner, M. Miralbés; Brugger, S. Carvalho; Eroles, A. Aragones; Moles, S. Iglesias; Cabello, J. Trujillano; Schoenenberger, J. A.; Casals, X. Nuvials; Vidal, M. Vallverdu; Garrido, B. Balsera; Martinez, M. Palomar; Mirabella, L.; Cotoia, A.; Tullo, L.; Stella, A.; Di Bello, F.; Di Gregorio, A.; Dambrosio, M.; Cinnella, G.; Rosario, L. E. de la Cruz; Lesmes, S. P. Gómez; Romero, J. C. García; Herrera, A. N. García; Pertuz, E. D. Díaz; Sánchez, M. J. Gómez; Sanz, E. Regidor; Hualde, J. Barado; Hernández, A. Ansotegui; Ramirez, J. Roldán; Takahashi, H.; Kazutoshi, F.; Okada, Y.; Oobayashi, W.; Naito, T.; Baidya, D. K.; Maitra, S.; Anand, R. K.; Ray, B. R.; Arora, M. K.; Ruffini, C.; Rota, L.; Corona, A.; Sesana, G.; Ravasi, S.; Catena, E.; Naumann, D. N.; Mellis, C.; Husheer, S. L.; Bishop, J.; Midwinter, M. J.; Hutchings, S.; Corradi, F.; Brusasco, C.; Manca, T.; Ramelli, A.; Lattuada, M.; Nicolini, F.; Gherli, T.; Vezzani, A.; Young, A.; Carmona, A. Fernández; Santiago, A. Iglesias; Guillamon, L. Navarro; Delgado, M. J. García; Delgado-Amaya, M.; Curiel-Balsera, E.; Rivera-Romero, L.; Castillo-Lorente, E.; Carrero-Gómez, F.; Aguayo-DeHoyos, E.; Healey, A. J.; Cameron, C.; Jiao, L.R.; Stümpfle, R.; Pérez, A.; Martin, S.; del Moral, O. Lopez; Toval, S.; Rico, J.; Aldecoa, C.; Oguzhan, K.; Demirkiran, O.; Kirman, M.; Bozbay, S.; Kosuk, M. E.; Asyralyyeva, G.; Dilek, M.; Duzgun, M.; Telli, S.; Aydin, M.; Yilmazer, F.; Hodgson, L. E.; Dimitrov, B. D.; Stubbs, C.; Forni, L. G.; Venn, R.; Vedage, D.; Shawaf, S.; Naran, P.; Sirisena, N.; Kinnear, J.; Dimitrov, B. D.; Hodgson, L. E.; Stubbs, C.; Forni, L. G.; Venn, R.; Londoño, J. Gonzalez; Cardenas, C. Lorencio; Ginés, A. Sánchez; Gubianas, C. Murcia; Sánchez, E. Clapes; Sirvent, J. M.; Panafidina, V.; Shlyk, I.; Ilyina, V.; Judickas, S.; Kezyte, G.; Urbanaviciute, I.; Serpytis, M.; Gaizauskas, E.; Sipylaite, J.; Sprung, C. L.; Munteanu, G.; Morales, R. C.; Kasdan, H.; Volker, T.; Reiter, A.; Cohen, Y.; Himmel, Y.; Meissonnier, J.; Banderas-Bravo, M. E.; Gómez-Jiménez, C.; García-Martínez, M. V.; Martínez-Carmona, J. F.; Fernández-Ortega, J. F.; O‘Dwyer, M. J.; Starczewska, M.; Wilks, M.; Vincent, J. L.; Torsvik, M.; Gustad, L. T.; Bangstad, I. L.; Vinje, L. J.; Damås, J. K.; Solligård, E.; Mehl, A.; Tsunoda, M.; Kang, M.; Saito, M.; Saito, N.; Akizuki, N.; Namiki, M.; Takeda, M.; Yuzawa, J.; Yaguchi, A.; Frantzeskaki, F.; Tsirigotis, P.; Chondropoulos, S.; Paramythiotou, E.; Theodorakopoulou, M.; Stamouli, M.; Gkirkas, K.; Dimopoulou, I. K.; Makiko, S.; Tsunoda, M.; Kang, M.; Yuzawa, J.; Akiduki, N.; Namiki, M.; Takeda, M.; Yaguchi, A.; Preau, S.; Ambler, M.; Sigurta, A.; Saeed, S.; Singer, M.; Jochmans, S.; Chelly, J.; Vong, L. V. P.; Sy, O.; Serbource-Goguel, J.; Rolin, N.; Weyer, C. M.; Abdallah, R. I.; Adrie, C.; Vinsonneau, C.; Monchi, M.; Mayr, U.; Huber, W.; Karsten, E.; Lahmer, T.; Thies, P.; Henschel, B.; Fischer, G.; Schmid, R. M.; Ediboglu, O.; Ataman, S.; Naz, I.; Yaman, G.; Kirakli, C.; Su, P. L.; Kou, P. S.; Lin, W. C.; Chen, C. W.; Lozano, J. A. Benítez; Sánchez, P. Carmona; Francioni, J. E. Barrueco; Ferrón, F. Ruiz; Simón, J. M. Serrano; Riad, Z.; Mezidi, M.; Aublanc, M.; Perinel, S.; Lissonde, F.; Louf-Durier, A.; Yonis, H.; Tapponnier, R.; Richard, J. C.; Louis, B.; Guérin, C.; Mezidi, M.; Yonis, H.; Aublanc, M.; Lissonde, F.; Louf-Durier, A.; Perinel, S.; Tapponnier, R.; Richard, J. C.; Guérin, C.; Marmanidou, K.; Oikonomou, M.; Nouris, C.; Loizou, C.; Soilemezi, E.; Matamis, D.; Somhorst, P.; Gommers, D.; Hayashi, K.; Hirayama, T.; Yumoto, T.; Tsukahara, K.; Iida, A.; Nosaka, N.; Sato, K.; Ugawa, T.; Nakao, A.; Ujike, Y.; Hirohata, S.; Mojoli, F.; Torriglia, F.; Giannantonio, M.; Orlando, A.; Bianzina, S.; Tavazzi, G.; Mongodi, S.; Pozzi, M.; Iotti, G. A.; Braschi, A.; Jansen, D.; Gadgil, S.; Doorduin, J.; Roesthuis, L.; van der Hoeven, J. G.; Heunks, L. M. A.; Chen, G. Q.; Sun, X. M.; He, X.; Yang, Y. L.; Shi, Z. H.; Xu, M.; Zhou, J. X.; Pereira, S. M.; Tucci, M. R.; Tonelotto, B. F. F.; Simoes, C. M.; Morais, C. C. A.; Pompeo, M. S.; Kay, F. U.; Amato, M. B. P.; Vieira, J. E.; Suzuki, S.; Mihara, Y.; Hikasa, Y.; Okahara, S.; Morimatsu, H.; Kwon, H. M.; Moon, Y. J.; Lee, S. H.; Jung, K. W.; Shin, W. J.; Jun, I. G.; Song, J. G.; Hwang, G. S.; Lee, S.; Moon, Y. J.; Kwon, H. M.; Jung, K.; Shin, W. J.; Jun, I. G.; Song, J. G.; Hwang, G. S.; Ramelli, A.; Manca, T.; Corradi, F.; Brusasco, C.; Nicolini, F.; Gherli, T.; Brianti, R.; Fanzaghi, P.; Vezzani, A.; Tudor, B. A.; Klaus, D. A.; Lebherz-Eichinger, D.; Lechner, C.; Schwarz, C.; Bodingbauer, M.; Seemann, R.; Kaczirek, K.; Fleischmann, E.; Roth, G. A.; Krenn, C. G.; Malyshev, A.; Sergey, S.; Yamaguchi, Y.; Nomura, T.; Yoshitake, E.; Idei, M.; Yoshida, T.; Takaki, S.; Yamaguchi, O.; Kaneko, M.; Goto, T.; Tencé, N.; Zaien, I.; Wolf, M.; Trouiller, P.; Jacobs, F. M.; Kelly, J. M.; Veigas, P.; Hollands, S.; Min, A.; Rizoli, S.; Robles, C. M. Coronado; de Oca Sandoval, M. A. Montes; Tarabrin, O.; Gavrychenko, D.; Mazurenko, G.; Tarabrin, P.; Garcia, I. Palacios; Martin, A. Diaz; Mendez, M. Casado; orden, V. Arellano; Noval, R. Leal; McCue, C.; Gemmell, L.; MacKay, A.; Luján, J.; Villa, P.; Llorente, B.; Molina, R.; Alcázar, L.; Juanas, C. Arenillas; Rogero, S.; Pascual, T.; Cambronero, J. A.; Almudévar, P. Matía; Domínguez, J. Palamidessi; Carmona, S. Alcántara; Castañeda, D. Palacios; Abellán, A. Naharro; Lucendo, A. Pérez; Pérez, L. Pérez; Rivas, R. Fernández; Sanz, N. Martínez; Ramos, J. Veganzones; Villamizar, P. Rodríguez; Javadpour, S.; Kalani, N.; Amininejad, T.; Jamali, S.; Sobhanian, S.; Laurent, A.; Bonnet, M.; Rigal, R.; Aslanian, P.; Hebert, P.; Capellier, G.; Contreras, M. R. Diaz; Mejías, C. Rodriguez; Ruiz, F. C. Santiago; Lombardo, M. Duro; Perez, J. Castaño; de Hoyos, E. Aguayo; Estella, A.; Viciana, R.; Fontaiña, L. Perez; Rico, T.; Madueño, V. Perez; Recuerda, M.; Fernández, L.; Sandiumenge, A.; Bonet, S.; Mazo, C.; Rubiera, M.; Ruiz-Rodríguez, J. C.; Gracia, R. M.; Espinel, E.; Pont, T.; Kotsopoulos, A.; Jansen, N.; Abdo, W. F.; Gopcevic, A.; Gavranovic, Z.; Vucic, M.; Glogoski, M. Zlatic; Penavic, L. Videc; Horvat, A.; Martin-Villen, L.; Egea-Guerero, J. J.; Revuelto-Rey, J.; Aldabo-Pallas, T.; Correa-Chamorro, E.; Gallego-Corpa, A. I.; Granados, P. Ruiz del Portal-Ruiz; Faivre, V.; Wildenberg, L.; Huot, B.; Lukaszewicz, A. C.; Simsir, M.; Mengelle, C.; Payen, D.; Sanz, N. Martinez; Valbuena, B. Lobo; de la Fuente, M. Valdivia; Almudena, P. Matía; Pérez, L. Pérez; Carmona, S. Alcántara; Abellán, A. Navarro; Simón, I. Fernández; Muñoz, J. J. Rubio; Ramos, J. Veganzones; Carmona, S. Alcantara; Almudevar, P. Matia; Abellan, A. Naharro; Lucendo, M. A. Perez; Perez, L. Perez; Dominguez, J. Palamidessi; Rivas, R. Fernandez; Villamizar, P. Rodriguez; Wee, S.; Ong, C.; Lau, Y. H.; Wong, Y.; Banderas-Bravo, M. E.; Olea-Jiménez, V.; Mora-Ordóñez, J. M.; Gómez-Jiménez, C.; Muñoz-Muñoz, J. L.; Vallejo-Báez, J.; Daga-Ruiz, D.; Lebrón-Gallardo, M.; Rialp, G.; Raurich, J. M.; Morán, I.; Martín, M. C.; Heras, G.; Mas, A.; Vallverdú, I.; Hraiech, S.; Bourenne, J.; Guervilly, C.; Forel, J. M.; Adda, M.; Sylla, P.; Mouaci, A.; Gainnier, M.; Papazian, L.; Bauer, P. R.; Kumbamu, A.; Wilson, M. E.; Pannu, J. K.; Egginton, J. S.; Kashyap, R.; Gajic, O.; Yoshihiro, S.; Sakuraya, M.; Hayakawa, M.; Hirata, A.; Kawamura, N.; Tsutui, T.; Yoshida, K.; Hashimoto, Y.; Chang, C. H.; Hu, H. C.; Chiu, L. C.; Hung, C. Y.; Li, S. H.; Kao, K. C.; Sibley, S.; Drover, J.; D’Arsigny, C.; Parker, C.; Howes, D.; Moffatt, S.; Erb, J.; Ilan, R.; Messenger, D.; Ball, I.; Boyd, J. G.; Harrison, M.; Ridi, S.; Muscedere, J.; Andrade, A. H.; Costa, R. C.; Souza, V. A.; Gonzalez, V.; Amorim, V.; Rolla, F.; Filho, C. A. C. Abreu; Miranda, R.; Atchasiri, S.; Buranavanich, P.; Wathanawatthu, T.; Suwanpasu, S.; Bureau, C.; Rolland-Debord, C.; Poitou, T.; Clavel, M.; Perbet, S.; Terzi, N.; Kouatchet, A.; Similowski, T.; Demoule, A.; Diaz, P.; Nunes, J.; Escórcio, S.; Silva, G.; Chaves, S.; Jardim, M.; Câmara, M.; Fernandes, N.; Duarte, R.; Jardim, J. J.; Pereira, C. A.; Nóbrega, J. J.; Chen, C. M.; Lai, C. C.; Cheng, K. C.; Chou, W.; Lee, S. J.; Cha, Y. S.; Lee, W. Y.; Onodera, M.; Nakataki, E.; Oto, J.; Imanaka, H.; Nishimura, M.; Khadjibaev, A.; Sabirov, D.; Rosstalnaya, A.; Akalaev, R.; Parpibaev, F.; Antonucci, E.; Rossini, P.; Gandolfi, S.; Montini, E.; Orlando, S.; van Nes, M.; Karachi, F.; Hanekom, S.; Andrade, A. H.; Pereira, U. V.; Filho, C. A. C. Abreu; Costa, R. C.; Parkin, M. S. W.; Moore, M.; Andrade, A. H.; Costa, R. C.; Carvalho, K. V. Silva; Filho, C. A. C. Abreu; Min, H. J.; Kim, H. J.; Lee, D. S.; Choi, Y. Y.; Lee, E. Y.; Song, I.; Kim, D. J.; E, Y. Y.; Kim, J. W.; Park, J. S.; Cho, Y. J.; Lee, J. H.; Suh, J. W.; Jo, Y. H.; Kim, K. S.; Lee, Y. J.; Ferrero-Calleja, J.; Merino-Vega, D.; González-Jiménez, A. I.; Sigcha, M. Sigcha; Hernández-Tejedor, A.; Martin-Vivas, A.; Gabán-Díez, Á.; Luna, R. Ruiz-de; De la Calle-Pedrosa, N.; Temprano-Gómez, I.; Afonso-Rivero, D.; Pellin-Ariño, J. I.; Algora-Weber, A.; Fumis, R. R. L.; Ferraz, A. B.; Junior, J. M. Vieira; Kirca, H.; Cakin, O.; Unal, M.; Mutlu, H.; Ramazanoglu, A.; Cengiz, M.; Nicolini, E. A.; Pelisson, F. G. F.; Nunes, R. S.; da Silva, S. L.; Carreira, M. M.; Bellissimo-Rodrigues, F.; Ferez, M. A.; Basile-Filho, A.; Chao, H. C.; Chen, C. M.; Chen, L.; Hravnak, M.; Clermont, G.; Pinsky, M.; Dubrawski, A.; Varas, J. Luján; Montero, R. Molina; Sánchez-Elvira, L. Alcázar; Díaz, P. Villa; Delgado, C. Pintado; Ruiz, B. Llorente; Guerrero, A. Pardo; Galache, J. A. Cambronero; Sherif, H.; Hassanin, H.; El Hossainy, R.; Samy, W.; Ly, H.; David, H.; Burtin, P.; Charpentier, C.; Barral, M.; Courant, P.; Fournel, E.; Gaide-Chevronnay, L.; Durand, M.; Albaladejo, P.; Payen, J. F.; Chavanon, O.; Ortiz, A. Blandino; Pozzebon, S.; Lheureux, O.; Brasseur, A.; Vincent, J. L.; Creteur, J.; Taccone, F. S.; Fumagalli, F.; Scala, S.; Affatato, R.; De Maglie, M.; Zani, D.; Novelli, D.; Marra, C.; Luciani, A.; De Zani, D.; Luini, M.; Letizia, T.; Pravettoni, D.; Staszewsky, L.; Masson, S.; Belloli, A.; Di Giancamillo, M.; Scanziani, E.; Latini, R.; Ristagno, G.; Kye, Y. C.; Suh, G. J.; Kwon, W. Y.; Kim, K. S.; Yu, K. M.; Babini, G.; Ristagno, G.; Grassi, L.; Fumagalli, F.; Bendel, S.; De Maglie, M.; Affatato, R.; Masson, S.; Latini, R.; Scanziani, E.; Reinikainen, M.; Skrifvars, M.; Kappler, F.; Blobner, M.; Schaller, S. J.; Roasio, A.; Costanzo, E.; Cardellino, S.; Iesu, E.; Cavicchi, F. Zama; Fontana, V.; Nobile, L.; Vincent, J. L.; Creteur, J.; Taccone, F. S.; Park, M.; You, K. M.; Suh, G. J.; Kwon, W. Y.; Ko, S. B.; Kim, K. S.; Xini, A.; Marca, L.; Lheureux, O.; Brasseur, A.; Vincent, J. L.; Creteur, J.; Taccone, F. S.; Beane, A.; Thilakasiri, M. C. K. T.; De Silva, A. P.; Stephens, T.; Sigera, C. S.; Athapattu, P.; Jayasinghe, S.; Padeniya, A.; Haniffa, R.; Santiago, A. Iglesias; Sáez, V. Chica; Ruiz-Ruano, R. de la Chica; González, A. Sánchez; Kunze-Szikszay, N.; Wand, S.; Klapsing, P.; Wetz, A.; Heyne, T.; Schwerdtfeger, K.; Troeltzsch, M.; Bauer, M.; Quintel, M.; Moerer, O.; Cook, D. J.; Rutherford, W. B.; Scales, D. C.; Adhikari, N. K.; Cuthbertson, B. H.; Suzuki, T.; Takei, T.; Fushimi, K.; Iwamoto, M.; Nakagawa, S.; Mendsaikhan, N.; Begzjav, T.; Lundeg, G.; Dünser, M. W.; Romero, D. González; Cabrera, J. L. Santana; Santana, J. D. Martín; Padilla, Y. Santana; Pérez, H. Rodríguez; Torrent, R. Lorenzo; Kleinpell, R.; Chouris, I.; Radu, V.; Stougianni, M.; Lavrentieva, A.; Lagonidis, D.; Price, R. D. T.; Day, A.; Arora, N.; Henderson, M. A.; Hickey, S.; Costa, M. I. Almeida; Carvalho, J. P.; Gomes, A. A.; Mergulhão, P. J.; Chan, K. K. C.; Shum, H. P.; Yan, W. W.; Maghsoudi, B.; Tabei, S. H.; Masjedi, M.; Sabetian, G.; Tabatabaei, H. R.; Akbarzadeh, A.; Saigal, S.; Pakhare, A.; Joshi, R.; Pattnaik, S. K.; Ray, B.; Rousseau, A. F.; Michel, L.; Bawin, M.; Cavalier, E.; Reginster, J. Y.; Damas, P.; Bruyere, O.; Zhou, J. C.; Cauwenberghs, H.; De Backer, A.; Neels, H.; Deblier, I.; Berghmans, J.; Himpe, D.; Barea-Mendoza, J. A.; Portillo, I. Prieto; Fernández, M. Valiente; Gigorro, R. Garcia; Vela, J. L. Perez; Mateos, H. Marín; Alves, S. Chacón; Varas, G. Morales; Rodriguez-Biendicho, A.; Carreño, E. Renes; González, J. C. Montejo; Yang, J. S.; Chiang, C. H.; Hung, W. T.; Huang, W. C.; Cheng, C. C.; Lin, K. C.; Lin, S. C.; Chiou, K. R.; Wann, S. R.; Lin, K. L.; Kang, P. L.; Mar, G. Y.; Liu, C. P.; Zhou, J. C.; Choi, Y. J.; Yoon, S. Z.; Gordillo-Brenes, A.; Fernandez-Zamora, M. D.; Perez-Borrero, L.; Arias-Verdu, M. D.; Aguilar-Alonso, E.; Herruzo-Aviles, A.; Garcia-Delgado, M.; Hinojosa-Perez, R.; Curiel-Balsera, E.; Rivera-Fernandez, R.; Lesmes, S. P. Gómez; Rosario, L. E. De la Cruz; Hernández, A. Ansotegui; Herrera, A. N. García; Sanz, E. Regidor; Sánchez, M. J. Gómez; Hualde, J. Barado; Pascual, O. Agudo; León, J. P. Tirapu; Irazabal, J. M. Guergue; Pérez, A. González; Fernández, P. Alvarez; Amor, L. Lopéz; Albaiceta, G. Muñiz; Lesmes, S. P. Gómez; Rosario, L. E. De la Cruz; Hernández, A. Ansotegui; Sanz, E. Regidor; Sánchez, M. J. Gómez; Calvo, S. Aldunate; Herrera, A. N. García; Hualde, J. Barado; Pascual, O. Agudo; León, J. P. Tirapu; Corona, A.; Ruffini, C.; Spazzadeschi, A.; Marrazzo, F.; Gandola, A.; Sciurti, R.; Savi, C.; Catena, E.; Ke, M. W.; Cheng, C. C.; Huang, W. C.; Chiang, C. H.; Hung, W. T.; Lin, K. C.; Lin, S. C.; Wann, S. R.; Chiou, K. R.; Tseng, C. J.; Kang, P. L.; Mar, G. Y.; Liu, C. P.; Bertini, P.; De Sanctis, F.; Guarracino, F.; Bertini, P.; Baldassarri, R.; Guarracino, F.; Buitinck, S. H.; van der Voort, P. H. J.; Oto, J.; Nakataki, E.; Tsunano, Y.; Izawa, M.; Tane, N.; Onodera, M.; Nishimura, M.; Ghosh, S.; Gupta, A.; De Gasperi, A.; Mazza, E.; Limuti, R.; Prosperi, M.; Bissenova, N.; Yergaliyeva, A.; Talan, L.; Yılmaz, G.; Güven, G.; Yoruk, F.; Altıntas, N. D.; Mukherjee, D. N.; Agarwal, L. K.; Mandal, K.; Palomar, M.; Balsera, B.; Vallverdu, M.; Martinez, M.; Garcia, M.; Castellana, D.; Lopez, R.; Barcenilla, F.; Kaminsky, G. E.; Carreño, R.; Escribá, A.; Fuentes, M.; Gálvez, V.; Del Olmo, R.; Nieto, B.; Vaquerizo, C.; Alvarez, J.; De la Torre, M. A.; Torres, E.; Bogossian, E.; Nouer, S. Aranha; Salgado, D. Ribeiro; Brugger, S. Carvalho; Jiménez, G. Jiménez; Torner, M. Miralbés; Vidal, M. Vallverdú; Garrido, B. Balsera; Casals, X. Nuvials; Gaite, F. Barcenilla; Cabello, J. Trujillano; Martínez, M. Palomar; Doganci, M.; Izdes, S.; Besevli, S. Guzeldag; Alkan, A.; Kayaaslan, B.; Ramírez, C. Sánchez; Balcázar, L. Caipe; Santana, M. Cabrera; Viera, M. A. Hernández; Escalada, S. Hípola; Vázquez, C. F. Lübbe; Penichet, S. M. Marrero; Campelo, F. Artiles; López, M. A. De La Cal; Santana, P. Saavedra; Santana, S. Ruíz; Repessé, X.; Artiguenave, M.; Paktoris-Papine, S.; Espinasse, F.; Dinh, A.; El Sayed, F.; Charron, C.; Géri, G.; Vieillard-Baron, A.; Marmanidou, K.; Oikonomou, M.; Nouris, C.; Dimitroulakis, K.; Soilemezi, E.; Matamis, D.; Ferré, A.; Guillot, M.; Teboul, J. L.; Lichtenstein, D.; Mézière, G.; Richard, C.; Monnet, X.; Pham, T.; Beduneau, G.; Schortgen, F.; Piquilloud, L.; Zogheib, E.; Jonas, M.; Grelon, F.; Runge, I.; Terzi, N.; Grangé, S.; Barberet, G.; Guitard, P. G.; Frat, J. P.; Constan, A.; Chrétien, J. M.; Mancebo, J.; Mercat, A.; Richard, J. C. M.; Brochard, L.; Prīdāne, S.; Sabeļņikovs, O.; Mojoli, F.; Orlando, A.; Bianchi, I.; Torriglia, F.; Bianzina, S.; Pozzi, M.; Iotti, G. A.; Braschi, A.; Beduneau, G.; Pham, T.; Schortgen, F.; Piquilloud, L.; Zogheib, E.; Jonas, M.; Grelon, F.; Runge, I.; Terzi, N.; Grangé, S.; Barberet, G.; Guitard, P. G.; Frat, J. P.; Constan, A.; Chrétien, J. M.; Mancebo, J.; Mercat, A.; Richard, J. C. M.; Brochard, L.; Kondili, E.; Psarologakis, C.; Kokkini, S.; Amargianitakis, V.; Babalis, D.; Chytas, A.; Chouvarda, I.; Vaporidi, K.; Georgopoulos, D.; Trapp, O.; Kalenka, A.; Mojoli, F.; Orlando, A.; Bianchi, I.; Torriglia, F.; Bianzina, S.; Pozzi, M.; Iotti, G. A.; Braschi, A.; Lozano, J. A. Benítez; Sánchez, P. Carmona; Francioni, J. E. Barrueco; Ferrón, F. Ruiz; Simón, J. M. Serrano; Spadaro, S.; Karbing, D. S.; Gioia, A.; Moro, F.; Corte, F. Dalla; Mauri, T.; Volta, C. A.; Rees, S. E.; Petrova, M. V.; Mohan, R.; Butrov, A. V.; Beeharry, S. D.; Vatsik, M. V.; Sakieva, F. I.; Gobert, F.; Yonis, H.; Tapponnier, R.; Fernandez, R.; Labaune, M. A.; Burle, J. F.; Barbier, J.; Vincent, B.; Cleyet, M.; Richard, J. C.; Guérin, C.; Shinotsuka, C. Righy; Creteur, J.; Taccone, F. S.; Törnblom, S.; Nisula, S.; Vaara, S.; Poukkanen, M.; Andersson, S.; Pettilä, V.; Pesonen, E.; Xie, Z.; Liao, X.; Kang, Y.; Zhang, J.; Kubota, K.; Egi, M.; Mizobuchi, S.; Hegazy, S.; El-Keraie, A.; El Sayed, E.; El Hamid, M. Abd; Rodrigues, N. J.; Pereira, M.; Godinho, I.; Gameiro, J.; Neves, M.; Gouveia, J.; e Silva, Z. Costa; Lopes, J. A.; Mckinlay, J.; Kostalas, M.; Kooner, G.; Dudas, G.; Horton, A.; Kerr, C.; Karanjia, N.; Creagh-Brown, B.; Forni, L.; Yamazaki, A.; Ganuza, M. Sanz; Molina, J. A. Martinez; Martinez, F. Hidalgo; Freile, M. T. Chiquito; Fernandez, N. Garcia; Travieso, P. Medrano; Bandert, A.; Frithiof, R.; Lipcsey, M.; Smekal, D.; Schlaepfer, P.; Durovray, J. D.; Plouhinec, V.; Chiappa, C.; Bellomo, R.; Schneider, A. G.; Mitchell, S.; Durrant, J.; Street, H.; Dunthorne, E.; Shears, J.; Caballero, C. Hernandez; Hutchison, R.; Schwarze, S.; Ghabina, S.; Thompson, E.; Prowle, J. R.; Kirwan, C. J.; Gonzalez, C. A.; Pinto, J. L.; Orozco, V.; Patiño, J. A.; Garcia, P. K.; Contreras, K. M.; Rodriguez, P.; Echeverri, J. E. title: ESICM LIVES 2016: part three: Milan, Italy. 1–5 October 2016 date: 2016-09-29 journal: Intensive Care Med Exp DOI: 10.1186/s40635-016-0100-7 sha: doc_id: 14533 cord_uid: 6qfecv5h file: cache/cord-016109-vbzy11hc.json key: cord-016109-vbzy11hc authors: Damjanovic, V.; Taylor, N.; Williets, T.; van Saene, H. K. F. title: Outbreaks of Infection in the ICU: What’s up at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century? date: 2011-08-10 journal: Infection Control in the Intensive Care Unit DOI: 10.1007/978-88-470-1601-9_12 sha: doc_id: 16109 cord_uid: vbzy11hc file: cache/cord-005727-li8pwigg.json key: cord-005727-li8pwigg authors: nan title: ESICM 2010 MONDAY SESSIONS 11 October 2010 date: 2010-08-31 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-010-1999-x sha: doc_id: 5727 cord_uid: li8pwigg file: cache/cord-016498-j72vrvqf.json key: cord-016498-j72vrvqf authors: Fong, I. W. title: Issues in Community-Acquired Pneumonia date: 2020-03-07 journal: Current Trends and Concerns in Infectious Diseases DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36966-8_3 sha: doc_id: 16498 cord_uid: j72vrvqf file: cache/cord-018005-53cl75gk.json key: cord-018005-53cl75gk authors: Humphreys, Hilary; Winter, Bob; Paul, Mical title: Lower Respiratory Tract Infections date: 2012-08-21 journal: Infections in the Adult Intensive Care Unit DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-4318-5_6 sha: doc_id: 18005 cord_uid: 53cl75gk file: cache/cord-015372-76xvzvdg.json key: cord-015372-76xvzvdg authors: nan title: National scientific medical meeting 1996 abstracts date: 1996 journal: Ir J Med Sci DOI: 10.1007/bf02945204 sha: doc_id: 15372 cord_uid: 76xvzvdg file: cache/cord-017302-xez0zso3.json key: cord-017302-xez0zso3 authors: Stephens, R. Scott title: ICU Complications of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant, Including Graft vs Host Disease date: 2019-07-24 journal: Evidence-Based Critical Care DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-26710-0_80 sha: doc_id: 17302 cord_uid: xez0zso3 file: cache/cord-015126-cyhcbk1j.json key: cord-015126-cyhcbk1j authors: nan title: PS 0036-0344 date: 2007-08-25 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-007-0820-y sha: doc_id: 15126 cord_uid: cyhcbk1j file: cache/cord-018412-kv3vxmcw.json key: cord-018412-kv3vxmcw authors: Bambi, Stefano title: Evolution of Intensive Care Unit Nursing date: 2017-10-06 journal: Nursing in Critical Care Setting DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50559-6_19 sha: doc_id: 18412 cord_uid: kv3vxmcw file: cache/cord-014996-p6q0f37c.json key: cord-014996-p6q0f37c authors: nan title: Posters_Monday_12 October 2009 date: 2009-08-06 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-009-1593-2 sha: doc_id: 14996 cord_uid: p6q0f37c file: cache/cord-017489-ftz9190a.json key: cord-017489-ftz9190a authors: Richards, Guy A.; Schleicher, Gunter; Mer, Mervyn title: Viruses in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) date: 2005 journal: Tropical and Parasitic Infections in the Intensive Care Unit DOI: 10.1007/0-387-23380-6_3 sha: doc_id: 17489 cord_uid: ftz9190a file: cache/cord-017518-u2gsa4lg.json key: cord-017518-u2gsa4lg authors: Divatia, J. V.; Pulinilkunnathil, Jacob George; Myatra, Sheila Nainan title: Nosocomial Infections and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Cancer Patients date: 2019-07-09 journal: Oncologic Critical Care DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74588-6_125 sha: doc_id: 17518 cord_uid: u2gsa4lg file: cache/cord-017771-g72qaoub.json key: cord-017771-g72qaoub authors: Lohan, Rahul title: Imaging of ICU Patients date: 2019-01-15 journal: Thoracic Imaging DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2544-1_7 sha: doc_id: 17771 cord_uid: g72qaoub file: cache/cord-006182-kck5e1ry.json key: cord-006182-kck5e1ry authors: nan title: 17th Annual Meeting, Neurocritical Care Society, October 15–18, 2019, Vancouver, Canada date: 2019-10-01 journal: Neurocrit Care DOI: 10.1007/s12028-019-00857-7 sha: doc_id: 6182 cord_uid: kck5e1ry file: cache/cord-017772-zpf1xjqi.json key: cord-017772-zpf1xjqi authors: Walter, James M. title: Thrombocytopenia in the Intensive Care Unit date: 2019-07-24 journal: Evidence-Based Critical Care DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-26710-0_83 sha: doc_id: 17772 cord_uid: zpf1xjqi file: cache/cord-023873-fidpskcs.json key: cord-023873-fidpskcs authors: Meersseman, Wouter title: Invasive Aspergillosis in the Intensive Care Unit: Beyond the Typical Haematological Patient date: 2009-05-04 journal: Aspergillosis: From Diagnosis to Prevention DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2408-4_29 sha: doc_id: 23873 cord_uid: fidpskcs file: cache/cord-021917-z9wpjr0d.json key: cord-021917-z9wpjr0d authors: Stephens, R. Scott; Wiener, Charles M.; Rubinson, Lewis title: Bioterrorism and the Intensive Care Unit date: 2009-05-15 journal: Clinical Critical Care Medicine DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-02844-8.50069-x sha: doc_id: 21917 cord_uid: z9wpjr0d file: cache/cord-010980-sizuef1v.json key: cord-010980-sizuef1v authors: nan title: ECTES Abstracts 2020 date: 2020-05-11 journal: Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg DOI: 10.1007/s00068-020-01343-y sha: doc_id: 10980 cord_uid: sizuef1v file: cache/cord-016208-u12ngkpc.json key: cord-016208-u12ngkpc authors: Andersen, Bjørg Marit title: Intensive Patient Treatment date: 2018-09-25 journal: Prevention and Control of Infections in Hospitals DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-99921-0_45 sha: doc_id: 16208 cord_uid: u12ngkpc file: cache/cord-019043-cqmqwl3i.json key: cord-019043-cqmqwl3i authors: Fidalgo, Pedro; Bagshaw, Sean M. title: Chronic Kidney Disease in the Intensive Care Unit date: 2014-03-08 journal: Management of Chronic Kidney Disease DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-54637-2_32 sha: doc_id: 19043 cord_uid: cqmqwl3i file: cache/cord-018182-lleti89n.json key: cord-018182-lleti89n authors: Kassutto, Stacey M.; Kayser, Joshua B. title: Care of the Surgical ICU Patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension date: 2016-10-09 journal: Principles of Adult Surgical Critical Care DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33341-0_13 sha: doc_id: 18182 cord_uid: lleti89n file: cache/cord-027678-k64whepc.json key: cord-027678-k64whepc authors: Chan, Kai Man; Gomersall, Charles D title: Pneumonia date: 2020-06-22 journal: Oh's Intensive Care Manual DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-4762-6.00036-9 sha: doc_id: 27678 cord_uid: k64whepc file: cache/cord-018801-amet0wx4.json key: cord-018801-amet0wx4 authors: Park, Caroline; Clark, Damon title: Care of the Patient with Liver Failure Requiring Transplantation date: 2018-05-04 journal: Surgical Critical Care Therapy DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-71712-8_55 sha: doc_id: 18801 cord_uid: amet0wx4 file: cache/cord-025164-hqj22yxe.json key: cord-025164-hqj22yxe authors: Renew, J. Ross; Ratzlaff, Robert; Hernandez-Torres, Vivian; Brull, Sorin J.; Prielipp, Richard C. title: Neuromuscular blockade management in the critically Ill patient date: 2020-05-24 journal: J Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s40560-020-00455-2 sha: doc_id: 25164 cord_uid: hqj22yxe file: cache/cord-015024-2xzc0uc5.json key: cord-015024-2xzc0uc5 authors: nan title: ESICM 2010 WEDNESDAY SESSIONS 13 October 2010 date: 2010-08-31 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-010-2001-7 sha: doc_id: 15024 cord_uid: 2xzc0uc5 file: cache/cord-026392-cvb44v5v.json key: cord-026392-cvb44v5v authors: Dahlberg, Jørgen; Eriksen, Camilla; Robertsen, Annette; Beitland, Sigrid title: Barriers and challenges in the process of including critically ill patients in clinical studies date: 2020-06-08 journal: Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med DOI: 10.1186/s13049-020-00732-x sha: doc_id: 26392 cord_uid: cvb44v5v file: cache/cord-025861-nsrs6dmc.json key: cord-025861-nsrs6dmc authors: Waldeck, Frederike; Boroli, Filippo; Suh, Noémie; Wendel Garcia, Pedro David; Flury, Domenica; Notter, Julia; Iten, Anne; Kaiser, Laurent; Schrenzel, Jacques; Boggian, Katia; Maggiorini, Marco; Pugin, Jérôme; Kleger, Gian-Reto; Albrich, Werner Christian title: Influenza-associated aspergillosis in critically-ill patients—a retrospective bicentric cohort study date: 2020-06-03 journal: Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03923-7 sha: doc_id: 25861 cord_uid: nsrs6dmc file: cache/cord-028923-gzqd5g0k.json key: cord-028923-gzqd5g0k authors: Vitug, Sarah; Ravi, Vikas; Thangathurai, Duraiyah title: Sedation with ketamine and fentanyl combination improves patient outcomes in intensive care units date: 2020-07-10 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00275-3 sha: doc_id: 28923 cord_uid: gzqd5g0k file: cache/cord-025749-mip9mkef.json key: cord-025749-mip9mkef authors: Jo, Sungyang; Chang, Jun Young; Jeong, Suyeon; Jeong, Soo; Jeon, Sang-Beom title: Newly developed stroke in patients admitted to non-neurological intensive care units date: 2020-06-02 journal: J Neurol DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-09955-5 sha: doc_id: 25749 cord_uid: mip9mkef file: cache/cord-014464-m5n250r2.json key: cord-014464-m5n250r2 authors: Sole-Violan, J; Sologuren, I; Betancor, E; Zhang, S; Pérez, C; Herrera-Ramos, E; Martínez-Saavedra, M; López-Rodríguez, M; Pestano, J; Ruiz-Hernández, J; Ferrer, J; Rodríguez de Castro, F; Casanova, J; Rodríguez-Gallego, C title: Lethal influenza virus A H1N1 infection in two relatives with autosomal dominant GATA-2 deficiency date: 2013-03-19 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/cc11953 sha: doc_id: 14464 cord_uid: m5n250r2 file: cache/cord-028164-yn53209z.json key: cord-028164-yn53209z authors: Abe, Toshikazu; Yamakawa, Kazuma; Ogura, Hiroshi; Kushimoto, Shigeki; Saitoh, Daizoh; Fujishima, Seitaro; Otomo, Yasuhiro; Kotani, Joji; Umemura, Yutaka; Sakamoto, Yuichiro; Sasaki, Junichi; Shiino, Yasukazu; Takeyama, Naoshi; Tarui, Takehiko; Shiraishi, Shin-ichiro; Tsuruta, Ryosuke; Nakada, Taka-aki; Hifumi, Toru; Hagiwara, Akiyoshi; Ueyama, Masashi; Yamashita, Norio; Masuno, Tomohiko; Ikeda, Hiroto; Komori, Akira; Iriyama, Hiroki; Gando, Satoshi title: Epidemiology of sepsis and septic shock in intensive care units between sepsis-2 and sepsis-3 populations: sepsis prognostication in intensive care unit and emergency room (SPICE-ICU) date: 2020-06-30 journal: J Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s40560-020-00465-0 sha: doc_id: 28164 cord_uid: yn53209z file: cache/cord-028639-mk798t8f.json key: cord-028639-mk798t8f authors: Weeden, M.; Bailey, M.; Gabbe, B.; Pilcher, D.; Bellomo, R.; Udy, A. title: Functional Outcomes in Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit with Traumatic Brain Injury and Exposed to Hyperoxia: A Retrospective Multicentre Cohort Study date: 2020-07-06 journal: Neurocrit Care DOI: 10.1007/s12028-020-01033-y sha: doc_id: 28639 cord_uid: mk798t8f file: cache/cord-006870-f5w6fw6q.json key: cord-006870-f5w6fw6q authors: nan title: Abstracts Presented at the Neurocritical Care Society (NCS) 15th Annual Meeting date: 2017-09-19 journal: Neurocrit Care DOI: 10.1007/s12028-017-0465-9 sha: doc_id: 6870 cord_uid: f5w6fw6q file: cache/cord-023669-3ataw6gy.json key: cord-023669-3ataw6gy authors: Masur, Henry title: Critically Ill Immunosuppressed Host date: 2009-05-15 journal: Critical Care Medicine DOI: 10.1016/b978-032304841-5.50056-x sha: doc_id: 23669 cord_uid: 3ataw6gy file: cache/cord-029429-egoso04w.json key: cord-029429-egoso04w authors: Sinha, Vikas; Jha, Sushil G.; Umesh, Samanth Talagauara; Chaudhari, Nirav P.; Parmar, Bhagirathsinh D.; Patel, Rashmin S. title: Bedside Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital date: 2020-07-20 journal: Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-01976-w sha: doc_id: 29429 cord_uid: egoso04w file: cache/cord-030927-wo8r8zny.json key: cord-030927-wo8r8zny authors: Collins, Curtis D; West, Nina; Sudekum, David M; Hecht, Jason P title: Perspectives from the frontline: A pharmacy department’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-22 journal: Am J Health Syst Pharm DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxaa176 sha: doc_id: 30927 cord_uid: wo8r8zny file: cache/cord-034286-m1c98nv7.json key: cord-034286-m1c98nv7 authors: Wijdicks, Eelco F. M. title: Communicating Neurocritical Illness: The Anatomy of Misunderstanding date: 2020-10-27 journal: Neurocrit Care DOI: 10.1007/s12028-020-01131-x sha: doc_id: 34286 cord_uid: m1c98nv7 file: cache/cord-027811-vk3qnumx.json key: cord-027811-vk3qnumx authors: Freedberg, Daniel E.; Messina, Megan; Lynch, Elissa; Tess, Monika; Miracle, Elizabeth; Chong, David H.; Wahab, Romina; Abrams, Julian A.; Wang, Harris H.; Munck, Christian title: Impact of Fiber-Based Enteral Nutrition on the Gut Microbiome of ICU Patients Receiving Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics: A Randomized Pilot Trial date: 2020-06-11 journal: Crit Care Explor DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000135 sha: doc_id: 27811 cord_uid: vk3qnumx file: cache/cord-031327-uhrkb1p6.json key: cord-031327-uhrkb1p6 authors: Koeze, Jacqueline; van der Horst, Iwan C. C.; Wiersema, Renske; Keus, Frederik; Dieperink, Willem; Cox, Eline G. M.; Zijlstra, Jan G.; van Meurs, Matijs title: Bundled care in acute kidney injury in critically ill patients, a before-after educational intervention study date: 2020-09-03 journal: BMC Nephrol DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-02029-8 sha: doc_id: 31327 cord_uid: uhrkb1p6 file: cache/cord-033291-190taco9.json key: cord-033291-190taco9 authors: Aboelnile, Diaaeldin Badr Metwally Kotb; Elseidy, Mohamed Ismail Abdelfattah; Kenawey, Yasir Ahmed Elbasiony Mohamed; Elsherif, Ibrahim Mohammed Alsayed Ahmed title: Prediction of fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients in surgical intensive care unit by pleth variability index and inferior vena cava diameter date: 2020-10-07 journal: Ain-Shams J Anesthesiol DOI: 10.1186/s42077-020-00097-4 sha: doc_id: 33291 cord_uid: 190taco9 file: cache/cord-029770-72ncfyc5.json key: cord-029770-72ncfyc5 authors: Farasat, Sadaf; Dorsch, Jennifer J.; Pearce, Alex K.; Moore, Alison A.; Martin, Jennifer L.; Malhotra, Atul; Kamdar, Biren B. title: Sleep and Delirium in Older Adults date: 2020-07-27 journal: Curr Sleep Med Rep DOI: 10.1007/s40675-020-00174-y sha: doc_id: 29770 cord_uid: 72ncfyc5 file: cache/cord-032335-6c9gt7t9.json key: cord-032335-6c9gt7t9 authors: Segrelles-Calvo, Gonzalo; de Granda-Orive, José Ignacio; López-Padilla, Daniel; Zamora García, Enrique title: Therapeutic limitation in elderly patients: Reflections regarding COVID19() date: 2020-09-19 journal: Arch Bronconeumol DOI: 10.1016/j.arbr.2020.05.008 sha: doc_id: 32335 cord_uid: 6c9gt7t9 file: cache/cord-035216-gdhz7mr4.json key: cord-035216-gdhz7mr4 authors: Li, Xiaoran; Ge, Peilin; Zhu, Jocelyn; Li, Haifang; Graham, James; Singer, Adam; Richman, Paul S.; Duong, Tim Q. title: Deep learning prediction of likelihood of ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19 patients using clinical variables date: 2020-11-06 journal: PeerJ DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10337 sha: doc_id: 35216 cord_uid: gdhz7mr4 file: cache/cord-035315-j5mknuv5.json key: cord-035315-j5mknuv5 authors: Rahim, Fawad; Amin, Said; Noor, Mohammad; Bahadur, Sher; Gul, Huma; Mahmood, Afsheen; Usman, Muhammad; Khan, Muhammad Asif; Ullah, Raza; Shahab, Khalid title: Mortality of Patients With Severe COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Study From a Major COVID-19 Receiving Hospital date: 2020-10-12 journal: nan DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10906 sha: doc_id: 35315 cord_uid: j5mknuv5 file: cache/cord-029537-hzy13fuw.json key: cord-029537-hzy13fuw authors: Soltani, Farhad; Salari, Amir; Javaherforooshzadeh, Fatemeh; Nassajjian, Nozar; Kalantari, Farahmand title: The effect of melatonin on reduction in the need for sedative agents and duration of mechanical ventilation in traumatic intracranial hemorrhage patients: a randomized controlled trial date: 2020-07-22 journal: Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg DOI: 10.1007/s00068-020-01449-3 sha: doc_id: 29537 cord_uid: hzy13fuw file: cache/cord-031710-1xl2isee.json key: cord-031710-1xl2isee authors: Andrei, Stefan; Ghiaur, Alexandra; Brezeanu, Lavinia; Martac, Cristina; Nicolau, Andreea; Coriu, Daniel; Droc, Gabriela title: Successful treatment of pulmonary haemorrhage and acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by fulminant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia respiratory infection in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia – case report date: 2020-09-10 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05378-9 sha: doc_id: 31710 cord_uid: 1xl2isee file: cache/cord-201783-66fmse66.json key: cord-201783-66fmse66 authors: Maslov, Sergei; Goldenfeld, Nigel title: Window of Opportunity for Mitigation to Prevent Overflow of ICU capacity in Chicago by COVID-19 date: 2020-03-21 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 201783 cord_uid: 66fmse66 file: cache/cord-031143-a1qyadm6.json key: cord-031143-a1qyadm6 authors: Pinto Neto, Osmar; Reis, José Clark; Brizzi, Ana Carolina Brisola; Zambrano, Gustavo José; de Souza, Joabe Marcos; Pedroso, Wellington; de Mello Pedreiro, Rodrigo Cunha; de Matos Brizzi, Bruno; Abinader, Ellysson Oliveira; Zângaro, Renato Amaro title: Compartmentalized mathematical model to predict future number of active cases and deaths of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-30 journal: Res DOI: 10.1007/s42600-020-00084-6 sha: doc_id: 31143 cord_uid: a1qyadm6 file: cache/cord-034185-e0am7pa6.json key: cord-034185-e0am7pa6 authors: Piccioni, Federico; Droghetti, Andrea; Bertani, Alessandro; Coccia, Cecilia; Corcione, Antonio; Corsico, Angelo Guido; Crisci, Roberto; Curcio, Carlo; Del Naja, Carlo; Feltracco, Paolo; Fontana, Diego; Gonfiotti, Alessandro; Lopez, Camillo; Massullo, Domenico; Nosotti, Mario; Ragazzi, Riccardo; Rispoli, Marco; Romagnoli, Stefano; Scala, Raffaele; Scudeller, Luigia; Taurchini, Marco; Tognella, Silvia; Umari, Marzia; Valenza, Franco; Petrini, Flavia title: Recommendations from the Italian intersociety consensus on Perioperative Anesthesa Care in Thoracic surgery (PACTS) part 2: intraoperative and postoperative care date: 2020-10-23 journal: Perioper Med (Lond) DOI: 10.1186/s13741-020-00159-z sha: doc_id: 34185 cord_uid: e0am7pa6 file: cache/cord-103686-er8llst4.json key: cord-103686-er8llst4 authors: Carboni Bisso, I.; Prado, E.; Cantos, J.; Masso, A.; Staneloni, I.; San Roman, E.; Huespe, I.; Las Heras, M. title: Influenza season 2019: analysis of 143 hospitalized cases date: 2020-09-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.16.20195974 sha: doc_id: 103686 cord_uid: er8llst4 file: cache/cord-140624-lphr5prl.json key: cord-140624-lphr5prl authors: Grundel, Sara; Heyder, Stefan; Hotz, Thomas; Ritschel, Tobias K. S.; Sauerteig, Philipp; Worthmann, Karl title: How much testing and social distancing is required to control COVID-19? Some insight based on an age-differentiated compartmental model date: 2020-11-02 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 140624 cord_uid: lphr5prl file: cache/cord-252737-sbalcd8v.json key: cord-252737-sbalcd8v authors: Ma, Xiya; Vervoort, Dominique title: Critical care capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic: Global availability of intensive care beds date: 2020-04-23 journal: J Crit Care DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.04.012 sha: doc_id: 252737 cord_uid: sbalcd8v file: cache/cord-029516-tj93wo1s.json key: cord-029516-tj93wo1s authors: Chelly, Jonathan; Mazerand, Sandie; Jochmans, Sebastien; Weyer, Claire-Marie; Pourcine, Franck; Ellrodt, Olivier; Thieulot-Rolin, Nathalie; Serbource-Goguel, Jean; Sy, Oumar; Vong, Ly Van Phach; Monchi, Mehran title: Automated vs. conventional ventilation in the ICU: a randomized controlled crossover trial comparing blood oxygen saturation during daily nursing procedures (I-NURSING) date: 2020-07-22 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03155-3 sha: doc_id: 29516 cord_uid: tj93wo1s file: cache/cord-234254-svjajpp4.json key: cord-234254-svjajpp4 authors: Kohler, J.; Schwenkel, L.; Koch, A.; Berberich, J.; Pauli, P.; Allgower, F. title: Robust and optimal predictive control of the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-05-07 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 234254 cord_uid: svjajpp4 file: cache/cord-251977-rgae9jy9.json key: cord-251977-rgae9jy9 authors: Terrasi, Benjamin; Arnaud, Emilien; Guilbart, Mathieu; Besserve, Patricia; Mahjoub, Yazine title: French ICUs fight back: an example of regional ICU organisation to tackle the SARS Cov-2 outbreak date: 2020-04-30 journal: Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.03.018 sha: doc_id: 251977 cord_uid: rgae9jy9 file: cache/cord-254990-nrzwn6oz.json key: cord-254990-nrzwn6oz authors: Mayer, Kirby P.; Sturgill, Jamie L.; Kalema, Anna G.; Soper, Melissa K.; Seif, Sherif M.; Cassity, Evan P.; Hatton Kolpek, Jimmi; Dupont-Versteegden, Esther E.; Montgomery-Yates, Ashley A.; Morris, Peter E. title: Recovery from COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: the potential role of an intensive care unit recovery clinic: a case report date: 2020-09-10 journal: J Med Case Rep DOI: 10.1186/s13256-020-02481-y sha: doc_id: 254990 cord_uid: nrzwn6oz file: cache/cord-124012-5zxkd2jy.json key: cord-124012-5zxkd2jy authors: Schwab, Patrick; Schutte, August DuMont; Dietz, Benedikt; Bauer, Stefan title: predCOVID-19: A Systematic Study of Clinical Predictive Models for Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-05-17 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 124012 cord_uid: 5zxkd2jy file: cache/cord-252286-377y9aqx.json key: cord-252286-377y9aqx authors: Gauss, Tobias; Pasquier, Pierre; Joannes-Boyau, Olivier; Constantin, Jean-Michel; Langeron, Olivier; Bouzat, Pierre; Pottecher, Julien title: Preliminary pragmatic lessons from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic from France date: 2020-05-13 journal: Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.05.005 sha: doc_id: 252286 cord_uid: 377y9aqx file: cache/cord-221717-h1h2vd3r.json key: cord-221717-h1h2vd3r authors: Scabini, Leonardo F. S.; Ribas, Lucas C.; Neiva, Mariane B.; Junior, Altamir G. B.; Farf'an, Alex J. F.; Bruno, Odemir M. title: Social Interaction Layers in Complex Networks for the Dynamical Epidemic Modeling of COVID-19 in Brazil date: 2020-05-16 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 221717 cord_uid: h1h2vd3r file: cache/cord-034578-i9rdubix.json key: cord-034578-i9rdubix authors: Vaschetto, Rosanna; Barone-Adesi, Francesco; Racca, Fabrizio; Pissaia, Claudio; Maestrone, Carlo; Colombo, Davide; Olivieri, Carlo; De Vita, Nello; Santangelo, Erminio; Scotti, Lorenza; Castello, Luigi; Cena, Tiziana; Taverna, Martina; Grillenzoni, Luca; Moschella, Maria Adele; Airoldi, Gianluca; Borrè, Silvio; Mojoli, Francesco; Della Corte, Francesco; Navalesi, Paolo; Cammarota, Gianmaria; Baggiani, Marta; Baino, Sara; Balbo, Piero; Bazzano, Simona; Bonato, Valeria; Carbonati, Sara; Crimaldi, Federico; Daffara, Veronica; De Col, Luca; Maestrone, Matteo; Malerba, Mario; Moroni, Federica; Perucca, Raffaella; Pirisi, Mario; Rondi, Valentina; Rosalba, Daniela; Vanni, Letizia; Vigone, Francesca title: Outcomes of COVID-19 patients treated with continuous positive airway pressure outside ICU date: 2020-10-30 journal: ERJ Open Res DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00541-2020 sha: doc_id: 34578 cord_uid: i9rdubix file: cache/cord-048343-nzk8m912.json key: cord-048343-nzk8m912 authors: Milbrandt, Eric B; Angus, Derek C title: Bench-to-bedside review: Critical illness-associated cognitive dysfunction – mechanisms, markers, and emerging therapeutics date: 2006-11-15 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/cc5078 sha: doc_id: 48343 cord_uid: nzk8m912 file: cache/cord-256533-slbfft33.json key: cord-256533-slbfft33 authors: Gomez Rial, J.; Curras Tuala, M. J.; Rivero Calle, I.; Gomez Carballa, A.; Cebey Lopez, M.; Rodriguez Tenreiro, C.; Dacosta Urbieta, A.; Rivero Velasco, C.; Rodriguez Nunez, N.; Trastoy Pena, R.; Rodriguez Garcia, J.; Salas, A.; Martinon Torres, F. title: Increased serum levels of sCD14 and sCD163 indicate a preponderant role for monocytes in COVID-19 immunopathology date: 2020-06-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.02.20120295 sha: doc_id: 256533 cord_uid: slbfft33 file: cache/cord-133273-kvyzuayp.json key: cord-133273-kvyzuayp authors: Christ, Andreas; Quint, Franz title: Artificial Intelligence: Research Impact on Key Industries; the Upper-Rhine Artificial Intelligence Symposium (UR-AI 2020) date: 2020-10-05 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 133273 cord_uid: kvyzuayp file: cache/cord-253049-vm46wq1m.json key: cord-253049-vm46wq1m authors: Rößler, Steve; Ankert, Juliane; Baier, Michael; Pletz, Mathias W.; Hagel, Stefan title: Influenza-associated in-hospital mortality during the 2017/2018 influenza season: a retrospective multicentre cohort study in central Germany date: 2020-09-27 journal: Infection DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01529-x sha: doc_id: 253049 cord_uid: vm46wq1m file: cache/cord-254818-dzsyuwpy.json key: cord-254818-dzsyuwpy authors: Bangash, Mansoor N; Owen, Andrew; Alderman, Joseph E; Chotalia, Minesh; Patel, Jaimin M; Parekh, Dhruv title: COVID-19 recovery: potential treatments for post-intensive care syndrome date: 2020-10-12 journal: Lancet Respir Med DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30457-4 sha: doc_id: 254818 cord_uid: dzsyuwpy file: cache/cord-255827-xz87wg74.json key: cord-255827-xz87wg74 authors: Sills, Marion R.; Hall, Matthew; Fieldston, Evan S.; Hain, Paul D.; Simon, Harold K.; Brogan, Thomas V.; Fagbuyi, Daniel B.; Mundorff, Michael B.; Shah, Samir S. title: Inpatient Capacity at Children’s Hospitals during Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Outbreak, United States date: 2011-09-17 journal: Emerg Infect Dis DOI: 10.3201/eid1709.101950 sha: doc_id: 255827 cord_uid: xz87wg74 file: cache/cord-023592-w96h4rir.json key: cord-023592-w96h4rir authors: nan title: Abstracts cont. date: 2015-12-28 journal: Clin Microbiol Infect DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2004.0902c.x sha: doc_id: 23592 cord_uid: w96h4rir file: cache/cord-256424-t3dtabi4.json key: cord-256424-t3dtabi4 authors: Bousbia, Sabri; Papazian, Laurent; Saux, Pierre; Forel, Jean Marie; Auffray, Jean-Pierre; Martin, Claude; Raoult, Didier; La Scola, Bernard title: Repertoire of Intensive Care Unit Pneumonia Microbiota date: 2012-02-28 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032486 sha: doc_id: 256424 cord_uid: t3dtabi4 file: cache/cord-258582-ksfs27kv.json key: cord-258582-ksfs27kv authors: Nadeem, Ashraf; Hamed, Fadi; Saleh, Khaled; Abduljawad, Baraa; Mallat, Jihad title: ICU outcomes of COVID-19 critically ill patients: an international comparative study date: 2020-07-03 journal: Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.07.001 sha: doc_id: 258582 cord_uid: ksfs27kv file: cache/cord-258027-f3rr5el1.json key: cord-258027-f3rr5el1 authors: Østby, Anne‐Cathrine; Gubbels, Sophie; Baake, Gerben; Nielsen, Lars Peter; Riedel, Casper; Arpi, Magnus title: Respiratory virology and microbiology in intensive care units: a prospective cohort study date: 2013-05-18 journal: APMIS DOI: 10.1111/apm.12089 sha: doc_id: 258027 cord_uid: f3rr5el1 file: cache/cord-254688-1poiheen.json key: cord-254688-1poiheen authors: De Brouwer, E.; Raimondi, D.; Moreau, Y. title: Can herd immunity be achieved without breaking ICUs? date: 2020-05-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.26.20113746 sha: doc_id: 254688 cord_uid: 1poiheen file: cache/cord-255435-mr239gai.json key: cord-255435-mr239gai authors: Sher, Yelizaveta; Rabkin, Beatrice; Maldonado, Jose R.; Mohabir, Paul title: A CASE REPORT OF COVID-19 ASSOCIATED HYPERACTIVE ICU DELIRIUM WITH PROPOSED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND TREATMENT date: 2020-05-19 journal: Psychosomatics DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2020.05.007 sha: doc_id: 255435 cord_uid: mr239gai file: cache/cord-255256-8uckmya4.json key: cord-255256-8uckmya4 authors: nan title: Akzeptierte Abstracts für die COVID-19-bedingt abgesagte DGIIN/ÖGIAIN-Jahrestagung 2020 date: 2020-08-18 journal: Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed DOI: 10.1007/s00063-020-00711-1 sha: doc_id: 255256 cord_uid: 8uckmya4 file: cache/cord-257325-pvf0uon3.json key: cord-257325-pvf0uon3 authors: Zeitoun, Jean-David; Faron, Matthieu; Lefèvre, Jérémie H. title: Impact of Local Care Environment and Social Characteristics on Aggregated Hospital-Fatality Rate from COVID-19 in France: Nationwide Observational Study date: 2020-10-10 journal: Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.09.015 sha: doc_id: 257325 cord_uid: pvf0uon3 file: cache/cord-253281-95ubt4k1.json key: cord-253281-95ubt4k1 authors: Wilson, Lauren A.; Zhong, Haoyan; Liu, Jiabin; Poeran, Jashvant; Memtsoudis, Stavros G. title: Return to Normal: Prioritizing Elective Surgeries With Low Resource Utilization date: 2020-05-04 journal: Anesth Analg DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004930 sha: doc_id: 253281 cord_uid: 95ubt4k1 file: cache/cord-256294-9gmn4fcj.json key: cord-256294-9gmn4fcj authors: Almazrou, Saja H.; Almalki, Ziyad S.; Alanazi, Abdullah S; Alqahtani, Abdulhadi M.; AlGhamd, Saleh M. title: Comparing the impact of Hydroxychloroquine based regimens and standard treatment on COVID-19 patient outcomes: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-10-01 journal: Saudi Pharm J DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.09.019 sha: doc_id: 256294 cord_uid: 9gmn4fcj file: cache/cord-257361-7q0vbvvd.json key: cord-257361-7q0vbvvd authors: Lee, James S.; Godard, Aurélie title: Critical care for COVID-19 during a humanitarian crisis—lessons learnt from Yemen date: 2020-09-23 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03281-y sha: doc_id: 257361 cord_uid: 7q0vbvvd file: cache/cord-257504-tqzvdssb.json key: cord-257504-tqzvdssb authors: Dubost, Clément; Pasquier, Pierre; Kearns, Kévin; Ficko, Cécile; Rapp, Christophe; Wolff, Michel; Richard, Jean-Christophe; Diehl, Jean-Luc; Le Tulzo, Yves; Mérat, Stéphane title: Preparation of an intensive care unit in France for the reception of a confirmed case of Ebola virus infection() date: 2015-11-24 journal: Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2015.10.002 sha: doc_id: 257504 cord_uid: tqzvdssb file: cache/cord-260822-4bselbkq.json key: cord-260822-4bselbkq authors: Lotz, Christopher; Notz, Quirin; Kranke, Peter; Kredel, Markus; Meybohm, Patrick title: Unconventional approaches to mechanical ventilation—step-by-step through the COVID-19 crisis date: 2020-05-18 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-02954-y sha: doc_id: 260822 cord_uid: 4bselbkq file: cache/cord-262022-kvezhyt5.json key: cord-262022-kvezhyt5 authors: Kim, L.; Garg, S.; O'Halloran, A.; Whitaker, M.; Pham, H.; Anderson, E. J.; Armistead, I.; Bennett, N. M.; Billing, L.; Como-Sabetti, K.; Hill, M.; Kim, S.; Monroe, M. L.; Muse, A.; Reingold, A.; Schaffner, W.; Sutton, M.; Talbot, H. K.; Torres, S. M.; Yousey-Hindes, K.; Holstein, R. A.; Cummings, C.; Brammer, L.; Hall, A.; Fry, A.; Langley, G. E. title: Interim Analysis of Risk Factors for Severe Outcomes among a Cohort of Hospitalized Adults Identified through the U.S. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) date: 2020-05-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.18.20103390 sha: doc_id: 262022 cord_uid: kvezhyt5 file: cache/cord-256790-odlcfhcr.json key: cord-256790-odlcfhcr authors: Alviset, S.; Riller, Q.; Aboab, J.; Dilworth, K.; Billy, P. A.; Lombardi, Y.; Azzi, M.; Ferreira Vargas, L.; Laine, L.; Lermuzeaux, M.; Memain, N.; Silva, D.; Tchoubou, T.; Ushmurova, D.; Dabbagh, H.; Escoda, S.; Lefrancois, R.; Nardi, A.; Ngima, A.; IOOS, V. title: Continuous positive airway pressure face-mask ventilation to manage massive influx of patients requiring respiratory support during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak date: 2020-06-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.01.20118018 sha: doc_id: 256790 cord_uid: odlcfhcr file: cache/cord-261354-8uwtwsug.json key: cord-261354-8uwtwsug authors: Settembre, Nicla; Maurice, Pauline; Paysant, Jean; Theurel, Jean; Claudon, Laurent; Hani, Hind; Chenuel, Bruno; Ivaldi, Serena title: The use of exoskeletons to help with prone positioning in the intensive care unit during COVID-19 date: 2020-06-10 journal: Ann Phys Rehabil Med DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2020.05.004 sha: doc_id: 261354 cord_uid: 8uwtwsug file: cache/cord-256746-ggnd8y06.json key: cord-256746-ggnd8y06 authors: Flythe, Jennifer E.; Assimon, Magdalene M.; Tugman, Matthew J.; Chang, Emily H.; Gupta, Shruti; Shah, Jatan; Sosa, Marie Anne; DeMauro Renaghan, Amanda; Melamed, Michal L.; Wilson, F. Perry; Neyra, Javier A.; Rashidi, Arash; Boyle, Suzanne M.; Anand, Shuchi; Christov, Marta; Thomas, Leslie F.; Edmonston, Daniel; Leaf, David E. title: Characteristics and Outcomes of Individuals With Pre-existing Kidney Disease and COVID-19 Admitted to Intensive Care Units in the United States date: 2020-09-19 journal: Am J Kidney Dis DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.09.003 sha: doc_id: 256746 cord_uid: ggnd8y06 file: cache/cord-264907-y4vefr98.json key: cord-264907-y4vefr98 authors: Renke, Christine; Callow, Louise; Egnor, Tara; Honstain, Chelsea; Kellogg, Kimberly; Pollack, Blythe; Reske, Janella; Robell, Stephanie; Sinicropi, Natalie title: Utilization of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners as Adult Critical Care Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Novel Approach date: 2020-06-17 journal: J Pediatr Health Care DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2020.06.005 sha: doc_id: 264907 cord_uid: y4vefr98 file: cache/cord-261485-0ke5nqy0.json key: cord-261485-0ke5nqy0 authors: Sabir, A. M.; Alvi, I. A.; Alharbi, M.; Basabrain, A.; Aljundi, M.; Almohammadi, G.; Almuairfi, Z.; Alharbi, R. title: Effects of Anticoagulants and Corticosteroids therapy in patients affected by severe COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-06-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.22.20134957 sha: doc_id: 261485 cord_uid: 0ke5nqy0 file: cache/cord-262729-qcijsyo6.json key: cord-262729-qcijsyo6 authors: Eichberg, Daniel G; Shah, Ashish H; Luther, Evan M; Menendez, Ingrid; Jimenez, Andrea; Perez-Dickens, Maggy; O’Phelan, Kristine H; Ivan, Michael E; Komotar, Ricardo J; Levi, Allan D title: Letter: Academic Neurosurgery Department Response to COVID-19 Pandemic: The University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital Model date: 2020-04-11 journal: Neurosurgery DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa118 sha: doc_id: 262729 cord_uid: qcijsyo6 file: cache/cord-259984-csdf1a69.json key: cord-259984-csdf1a69 authors: Raffiq, Azman; Seng, Liew Boon; San, Lim Swee; Zakaria, Zaitun; Yee, Ang Song; Fitzrol, Diana Noma; Hassan, Wan Mohd Nazaruddin Wan; Idris, Zamzuri; Ghani, Abdul Rahman Izaini; Rosman, Azmin Kass; Abdullah, Jafri Malin title: COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Neurosurgery Practice in Malaysia: Academic Insights, Clinical Experience and Protocols from March till August 2020 date: 2020-10-27 journal: Malays J Med Sci DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.5.14 sha: doc_id: 259984 cord_uid: csdf1a69 file: cache/cord-264614-2x7cdul3.json key: cord-264614-2x7cdul3 authors: Díaz-Guio, Diego Andrés; Díaz-Guio, Yimmy; Pinzón-Rodas, Valentina; Díaz-Gomez, Ana Sofía; Guarín-Medina, Jorge Andrés; Chaparro-Zúñiga, Yesid; Ricardo-Zapata, Alejandra; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J. title: COVID-19: Biosafety in the Intensive Care Unit date: 2020-08-27 journal: Curr Trop Med Rep DOI: 10.1007/s40475-020-00208-z sha: doc_id: 264614 cord_uid: 2x7cdul3 file: cache/cord-267296-u4svwcpt.json key: cord-267296-u4svwcpt authors: Rauch, Antoine; Dupont, Annabelle; Goutay, Julien; Caplan, Morgan; Staessens, Senna; Moussa, Mouhamed; Jeanpierre, Emmanuelle; Corseaux, Delphine; Lefevre, Guillaume; Lassalle, Fanny; Faure, Karine; Lambert, Marc; Duhamel, Alain; Labreuche, Julien; Garrigue, Delphine; De Meyer, Simon F.; Staels, Bart; Van Belle, Eric; Vincent, Flavien; Kipnis, Eric; Lenting, Peter J.; Poissy, Julien; Susen, Sophie title: Endotheliopathy Is Induced by Plasma From Critically Ill Patients and Associated With Organ Failure in Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-11-10 journal: Circulation DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.050907 sha: doc_id: 267296 cord_uid: u4svwcpt file: cache/cord-263703-5csf9z6s.json key: cord-263703-5csf9z6s authors: Fernandez Villalobos, N. V.; Ott, J. J.; Klett-Tammen, C. J.; Bockey, A.; Vanella, P.; Krause, G.; Lange, B. title: Quantification of the association between predisposing health conditions, demographic, and behavioural factors with hospitalisation, intensive care unit admission, and death from COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.30.20165050 sha: doc_id: 263703 cord_uid: 5csf9z6s file: cache/cord-263671-2b54qfo7.json key: cord-263671-2b54qfo7 authors: Soriano, María Cruz; Vaquero, Concepción; Ortiz-Fernández, Almudena; Caballero, Alvaro; Blandino-Ortiz, Aaron; Pablo, Raúl de title: Low incidence of co-infection, but high incidence of ICU-acquired infections in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-19 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.010 sha: doc_id: 263671 cord_uid: 2b54qfo7 file: cache/cord-264889-1vsvcza2.json key: cord-264889-1vsvcza2 authors: Jackson, Craig T.; Checchia, Paul A. title: The Ties That Bind: A Coronavirus Disease Journey date: 2020-10-16 journal: Crit Care Explor DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000250 sha: doc_id: 264889 cord_uid: 1vsvcza2 file: cache/cord-270628-jtj30v0r.json key: cord-270628-jtj30v0r authors: Alharthy, Abdulrahman; Faqihi, Fahad; Abuhamdah, Mohamed; Noor, Alfateh; Naseem, Nasir; Balhamar, Abdullah; Al Saud, Ahad Alhassan Al Saud Bin Abdulaziz; Brindley, Peter G.; Memish, Ziad A.; Karakitsos, Dimitrios; Blaivas, Michael title: Prospective Longitudinal Evaluation of Point‐of‐Care Lung Ultrasound in Critically Ill Patients With Severe COVID‐19 Pneumonia date: 2020-08-14 journal: J Ultrasound Med DOI: 10.1002/jum.15417 sha: doc_id: 270628 cord_uid: jtj30v0r file: cache/cord-264829-ynel6ore.json key: cord-264829-ynel6ore authors: Momtazmanesh, Sara; Shobeiri, Parnian; Hanaei, Sara; Mahmoud-Elsayed, Hani; Dalvi, Bharat; Malakan Rad, Elaheh title: Cardiovascular disease in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 10,898 patients and proposal of a triage risk stratification tool date: 2020-07-13 journal: Egypt Heart J DOI: 10.1186/s43044-020-00075-z sha: doc_id: 264829 cord_uid: ynel6ore file: cache/cord-267237-wbwlfx7q.json key: cord-267237-wbwlfx7q authors: Gómez-Rial, Jose; Currás-Tuala, Maria José; Rivero-Calle, Irene; Gómez-Carballa, Alberto; Cebey-López, Miriam; Rodríguez-Tenreiro, Carmen; Dacosta-Urbieta, Ana; Rivero-Velasco, Carmen; Rodríguez-Núñez, Nuria; Trastoy-Pena, Rocio; Rodríguez-García, Javier; Salas, Antonio; Martinón-Torres, Federico title: Increased Serum Levels of sCD14 and sCD163 Indicate a Preponderant Role for Monocytes in COVID-19 Immunopathology date: 2020-09-23 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.560381 sha: doc_id: 267237 cord_uid: wbwlfx7q file: cache/cord-262623-lmf2h6oc.json key: cord-262623-lmf2h6oc authors: Light, R. Bruce title: Plagues in the ICU: A Brief History of Community-Acquired Epidemic and Endemic Transmissible Infections Leading to Intensive Care Admission date: 2009-01-31 journal: Critical Care Clinics DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2008.11.002 sha: doc_id: 262623 cord_uid: lmf2h6oc file: cache/cord-263883-7ba0huwy.json key: cord-263883-7ba0huwy authors: Ansarin, Khalil; Tolouian, Ramin; Ardalan, Mohammadreza; Taghizadieh, Ali; Varshochi, Mojtaba; Teimouri, Soheil; Vaezi, Tahere; Valizadeh, Hamed; Saleh, Parviz; Safiri, Saeid; Chapman, Kenneth R. title: Effect of bromhexine on clinical outcomes and mortality in COVID-19 patients: A randomized clinical trial date: 2020-07-19 journal: Bioimpacts DOI: 10.34172/bi.2020.27 sha: doc_id: 263883 cord_uid: 7ba0huwy file: cache/cord-266935-bkan3mwy.json key: cord-266935-bkan3mwy authors: Giannakoulis, Vassilis G.; Papoutsi, Eleni; Siempos, Ilias I. title: Effect of Cancer on Clinical Outcomes of Patients With COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis of Patient Data date: 2020-06-08 journal: JCO Glob Oncol DOI: 10.1200/go.20.00225 sha: doc_id: 266935 cord_uid: bkan3mwy file: cache/cord-268662-mw8ec7u2.json key: cord-268662-mw8ec7u2 authors: Salton, Francesco; Confalonieri, Paola; Meduri, G Umberto; Santus, Pierachille; Harari, Sergio; Scala, Raffaele; Lanini, Simone; Vertui, Valentina; Oggionni, Tiberio; Caminati, Antonella; Patruno, Vincenzo; Tamburrini, Mario; Scartabellati, Alessandro; Parati, Mara; Villani, Massimiliano; Radovanovic, Dejan; Tomassetti, Sara; Ravaglia, Claudia; Poletti, Venerino; Vianello, Andrea; Gaccione, Anna Talia; Guidelli, Luca; Raccanelli, Rita; Lucernoni, Paolo; Lacedonia, Donato; Foschino Barbaro, Maria Pia; Centanni, Stefano; Mondoni, Michele; Davì, Matteo; Fantin, Alberto; Cao, Xueyuan; Torelli, Lucio; Zucchetto, Antonella; Montico, Marcella; Casarin, Annalisa; Romagnoli, Micaela; Gasparini, Stefano; Bonifazi, Martina; D’Agaro, Pierlanfranco; Marcello, Alessandro; Licastro, Danilo; Ruaro, Barbara; Volpe, Maria Concetta; Umberger, Reba; Confalonieri, Marco title: Prolonged low-dose methylprednisolone in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-09-12 journal: Open Forum Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa421 sha: doc_id: 268662 cord_uid: mw8ec7u2 file: cache/cord-269914-75to9xr2.json key: cord-269914-75to9xr2 authors: Jansson, Miia; Rubio, Juanjo; Gavaldà, Ricard; Rello, Jordi title: Artificial Intelligence for clinical decision support in Critical Care, required and accelerated by COVID-19 date: 2020-10-21 journal: Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.09.010 sha: doc_id: 269914 cord_uid: 75to9xr2 file: cache/cord-270837-xvauo76d.json key: cord-270837-xvauo76d authors: Hui, David S.; Wong, Ka T.; Ko, Fanny W.; Tam, Lai S.; Chan, Doris P.; Woo, Jean; Sung, Joseph J.Y. title: The 1-Year Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome on Pulmonary Function, Exercise Capacity, and Quality of Life in a Cohort of Survivors date: 2005-10-31 journal: Chest DOI: 10.1378/chest.128.4.2247 sha: doc_id: 270837 cord_uid: xvauo76d file: cache/cord-265022-p5cab562.json key: cord-265022-p5cab562 authors: Kotfis, Katarzyna; Williams Roberson, Shawniqua; Wilson, Jo Ellen; Dabrowski, Wojciech; Pun, Brenda T.; Ely, E. Wesley title: COVID-19: ICU delirium management during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic date: 2020-04-28 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-02882-x sha: doc_id: 265022 cord_uid: p5cab562 file: cache/cord-271536-pscw933i.json key: cord-271536-pscw933i authors: Guo, Zhen-Dong; Wang, Zhong-Yi; Zhang, Shou-Feng; Li, Xiao; Li, Lin; Li, Chao; Cui, Yan; Fu, Rui-Bin; Dong, Yun-Zhu; Chi, Xiang-Yang; Zhang, Meng-Yao; Liu, Kun; Cao, Cheng; Liu, Bin; Zhang, Ke; Gao, Yu-Wei; Lu, Bing; Chen, Wei title: Aerosol and Surface Distribution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Hospital Wards, Wuhan, China, 2020 date: 2020-07-17 journal: Emerg Infect Dis DOI: 10.3201/eid2607.200885 sha: doc_id: 271536 cord_uid: pscw933i file: cache/cord-267373-nzxbogga.json key: cord-267373-nzxbogga authors: Antinori, Spinello; Cossu, Maria Vittoria; Ridolfo, Anna Lisa; Rech, Roberto; Bonazzetti, Cecilia; Pagani, Gabriele; Gubertini, Guido; Coen, Massimo; Magni, Carlo; Castelli, Antonio; Borghi, Beatrice; Colombo, Riccardo; Giorgi, Riccardo; Angeli, Elena; Mileto, Davide; Milazzo, Laura; Vimercati, Stefania; Pellicciotta, Martina; Corbellino, Mario; Torre, Alessandro; Rusconi, Stefano; Oreni, Letizia; Gismondo, Maria Rita; Giacomelli, Andrea; Meroni, Luca; Rizzardini, Giuliano; Galli, Massimo title: Compassionate remdesivir treatment of severe Covid-19 pneumonia in intensive care unit (ICU) and Non-ICU patients: Clinical outcome and differences in post_treatment hospitalisation status date: 2020-05-11 journal: Pharmacol Res DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104899 sha: doc_id: 267373 cord_uid: nzxbogga file: cache/cord-268254-1mg7a17c.json key: cord-268254-1mg7a17c authors: Liu, Li; To, Kelvin Kai-Wang; Chan, Kwok-Hung; Wong, Yik-Chun; Zhou, Runhong; Kwan, Ka-Yi; Fong, Carol Ho-Yan; Chen, Lin-Lei; Choi, Charlotte Yee-Ki; Lu, Lu; Tsang, Owen Tak-Yin; Leung, Wai-Shing; To, Wing-Kin; Hung, Ivan Fan-Ngai; Yuen, Kwok-Yung; Chen, Zhiwei title: High neutralizing antibody titer in intensive care unit patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-20 journal: Emerging microbes & infections DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1791738 sha: doc_id: 268254 cord_uid: 1mg7a17c file: cache/cord-273350-b2exkw6x.json key: cord-273350-b2exkw6x authors: Soh, Mitsuhito; Hifumi, Toru; Iwasaki, Tsutomu; Miura, Yusuke; Otani, Norio; Ishimatsu, Shinichi title: Impaired mental health status following ICU care in a patient with COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-11 journal: Acute Med Surg DOI: 10.1002/ams2.562 sha: doc_id: 273350 cord_uid: b2exkw6x file: cache/cord-272349-cqzfjg5t.json key: cord-272349-cqzfjg5t authors: De Lorenzo, Antonino; Tarsitano, Maria Grazia; Falcone, Carmela; Di Renzo, Laura; Romano, Lorenzo; Macheda, Sebastiano; Ferrarelli, Anna; Labate, Demetrio; Tescione, Marco; Bilotta, Federico; Gualtieri, Paola title: Fat mass affects nutritional status of ICU COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-03 journal: J Transl Med DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02464-z sha: doc_id: 272349 cord_uid: cqzfjg5t file: cache/cord-272314-6suu8n75.json key: cord-272314-6suu8n75 authors: Hetland, Breanna; Lindroth, Heidi; Guttormson, Jill; Chlan, Linda L. title: 2020 - The Year that Needed the Nurse: Considerations for Critical Care Nursing Research and Practice Emerging in the Midst of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-03 journal: Heart Lung DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.04.021 sha: doc_id: 272314 cord_uid: 6suu8n75 file: cache/cord-273737-t6j3leec.json key: cord-273737-t6j3leec authors: Poeran, Jashvant; Zhong, Haoyan; Wilson, Lauren; Liu, Jiabin; Memtsoudis, Stavros G. title: Cancellation of Elective Surgery and Intensive Care Unit Capacity in New York State: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis date: 2020-06-30 journal: Anesth Analg DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005083 sha: doc_id: 273737 cord_uid: t6j3leec file: cache/cord-276374-i37ygb2z.json key: cord-276374-i37ygb2z authors: Deasy, Jacob; Rocheteau, Emma; Kohler, Katharina; Stubbs, Daniel J.; Barbiero, Pietro; Liò, Pietro; Ercole, Ari title: Forecasting ultra-early intensive care strain from COVID-19 in England date: 2020-03-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.19.20039057 sha: doc_id: 276374 cord_uid: i37ygb2z file: cache/cord-278638-2dm54f6l.json key: cord-278638-2dm54f6l authors: Huang, Ian; Pranata, Raymond title: Lymphopenia in severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-24 journal: J Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s40560-020-00453-4 sha: doc_id: 278638 cord_uid: 2dm54f6l file: cache/cord-275457-buq2d4k2.json key: cord-275457-buq2d4k2 authors: Jannes, G.; Barreal, J. title: Beta regression with spatio-temporal effects as a tool for hospital impact analysis of initial phase epidemics: the case of COVID-19 in Spain date: 2020-06-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.27.20141614 sha: doc_id: 275457 cord_uid: buq2d4k2 file: cache/cord-275838-un11s2mr.json key: cord-275838-un11s2mr authors: Levy, Jonathan; Léotard, Antoine; Lawrence, Christine; Paquereau, Julie; Bensmail, Djamel; Annane, Djillali; Delord, Vincent; Lofaso, Frédéric; Bessis, Simon; Prigent, Hélène title: A model for a ventilator-weaning and early rehabilitation unit to deal with post-ICU impairments with severe COVID-19 date: 2020-04-18 journal: Ann Phys Rehabil Med DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2020.04.002 sha: doc_id: 275838 cord_uid: un11s2mr file: cache/cord-275445-d3i12m3l.json key: cord-275445-d3i12m3l authors: Hashmi, Madiha; Taqi, Arshad; Memon, Muhammad I.; Ali, Syed Muneeb; Khaskheli, Saleh; Sheharyar, Muhammad; Hayat, Muhammad; Shiekh, Mohiuddin; Kodippily, Chamira; Gamage, Dilanthi; Dondorp, Arjen M.; Haniffa, Rashan; Beane, Abi title: A national survey of critical care services in hospitals accredited for training in a lower-middle income country: Pakistan date: 2020-08-21 journal: J Crit Care DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.08.017 sha: doc_id: 275445 cord_uid: d3i12m3l file: cache/cord-276676-lgt0rzob.json key: cord-276676-lgt0rzob authors: Moka, Eleni; Paladini, Antonella; Rekatsina, Martina; Urits, Ivan; Viswanath, Omar; Kaye, Alan D.; Yeam, Cheng Teng; Varrassi, Giustino title: Best Practice in Cardiac Anesthesia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Practical Recommendations date: 2020-07-03 journal: Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2020.06.008 sha: doc_id: 276676 cord_uid: lgt0rzob file: cache/cord-276808-sax7qc85.json key: cord-276808-sax7qc85 authors: Rosas, I.; Bräu, N.; Waters, M.; Go, R. C.; Hunter, B. D.; Bhagani, S.; Skiest, D.; Aziz, M. S.; Cooper, N.; Douglas, I. S.; Savic, S.; Youngstein, T.; Del Sorbo, L.; Cubillo Gracian, A.; De La Zerda, D. J.; Ustianowski, A.; Bao, M.; Dimonaco, S.; Graham, E.; Matharu, B.; Spotswood, H.; Tsai, L.; Malhotra, A. title: Tocilizumab in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-09-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.27.20183442 sha: doc_id: 276808 cord_uid: sax7qc85 file: cache/cord-277248-7qnymo98.json key: cord-277248-7qnymo98 authors: dos Reis, Helena Lucia Barroso; Boldrini, Neide Aparecida Tosato; Caldas, João Victor Jacomele; da Paz, Ana Paula Calazans; Ferrugini, Carolina Loyola Prest; Miranda, Angelica Espinosa title: Severe coronavirus infection in pregnancy: challenging cases report date: 2020-07-13 journal: Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202062049 sha: doc_id: 277248 cord_uid: 7qnymo98 file: cache/cord-271146-levsbye2.json key: cord-271146-levsbye2 authors: Almuabbadi, Basel; Mhawish, Huda; Marasigan, Bobby; Alcazar, Alva; Alfrdan, Zahraa; Nasim, Nasir; Alharthy, Abdulrahman; Memish, Ziad A.; Karakitsos, Dimitrios title: Novel transportation capsule technology could reduce the exposure risk to SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers: A feasibility study date: 2020-07-22 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.352 sha: doc_id: 271146 cord_uid: levsbye2 file: cache/cord-276181-5gh0i394.json key: cord-276181-5gh0i394 authors: Eimer, J.; Vesterbacka, J.; Svensson, A.-K.; Stojanovic, B.; Wagrell, C.; Sonnerborg, A.; Nowak, P. title: Tocilizumab shortens time on mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. date: 2020-07-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.29.20164160 sha: doc_id: 276181 cord_uid: 5gh0i394 file: cache/cord-276359-syr9av09.json key: cord-276359-syr9av09 authors: Piva, Simone; Filippini, Matteo; Turla, Fabio; Cattaneo, Sergio; Margola, Alessio; De Fulviis, Silvia; Nardiello, Ida; Beretta, Alessandra; Ferrari, Laura; Trotta, Raffaella; Erbici, Gloria; Focà, Emanuele; Castelli, Francesco; Rasulo, Frank; Lanspa, Michael J.; Latronico, Nicola title: Clinical presentation and initial management critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Brescia, Italy date: 2020-04-14 journal: J Crit Care DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.04.004 sha: doc_id: 276359 cord_uid: syr9av09 file: cache/cord-280942-ej8fx52u.json key: cord-280942-ej8fx52u authors: Daunizeau, J.; Moran, R. J.; Mattout, J.; Friston, K. title: On the reliability of model-based predictions in the context of the current COVID epidemic event: impact of outbreak peak phase and data paucity date: 2020-04-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.24.20078485 sha: doc_id: 280942 cord_uid: ej8fx52u file: cache/cord-276952-nkaow79h.json key: cord-276952-nkaow79h authors: Sim, Starling A.; Leung, Vivian K.Y.; Ritchie, David; Slavin, Monica A.; Sullivan, Sheena G.; Teh, Benjamin W. title: Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients in the Era of Molecular Testing date: 2018-03-09 journal: Biol Blood Marrow Transplant DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.004 sha: doc_id: 276952 cord_uid: nkaow79h file: cache/cord-278325-ykcd7d59.json key: cord-278325-ykcd7d59 authors: Cheung, Carmen Ka Man; Law, Man Fai; Lui, Grace Chung Yan; Wong, Sunny Hei; Wong, Raymond Siu Ming title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Haematologist's Perspective date: 2020-07-28 journal: Acta Haematol DOI: 10.1159/000510178 sha: doc_id: 278325 cord_uid: ykcd7d59 file: cache/cord-279520-zccd1mq5.json key: cord-279520-zccd1mq5 authors: Christian, Michael D.; Loutfy, Mona; McDonald, L. Clifford; Martinez, Kenneth F.; Ofner, Mariana; Wong, Tom; Wallington, Tamara; Gold, Wayne L.; Mederski, Barbara; Green, Karen; Low, Donald E. title: Possible SARS Coronavirus Transmission during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation date: 2004-02-17 journal: Emerg Infect Dis DOI: 10.3201/eid1002.030700 sha: doc_id: 279520 cord_uid: zccd1mq5 file: cache/cord-022633-fr55uod6.json key: cord-022633-fr55uod6 authors: nan title: SAEM Abstracts, Plenary Session date: 2012-04-26 journal: Acad Emerg Med DOI: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2012.01332.x sha: doc_id: 22633 cord_uid: fr55uod6 file: cache/cord-268211-egy8rgtl.json key: cord-268211-egy8rgtl authors: Barrasa, Helena; Rello, Jordi; Tejada, Sofia; Martín, Alejandro; Balziskueta, Goiatz; Vinuesa, Cristina; Fernández-Miret, Borja; Villagra, Ana; Vallejo, Ana; Sebastián, Ana San; Cabañes, Sara; Iribarren, Sebastián; Fonseca, Fernando; Maynar, Javier title: SARS-Cov-2 in Spanish Intensive Care: Early Experience with 15-day Survival In Vitoria date: 2020-04-09 journal: Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.04.001 sha: doc_id: 268211 cord_uid: egy8rgtl file: cache/cord-276782-3fpmatkb.json key: cord-276782-3fpmatkb authors: Garbey, M.; Joerger, G.; Furr, S.; Fikfak, V. title: A Model of Workflow in the Hospital During a Pandemic to Assist Management date: 2020-05-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.28.20083154 sha: doc_id: 276782 cord_uid: 3fpmatkb file: cache/cord-278993-w5aa0elj.json key: cord-278993-w5aa0elj authors: Tonetti, Tommaso; Grasselli, Giacomo; Zanella, Alberto; Pizzilli, Giacinto; Fumagalli, Roberto; Piva, Simone; Lorini, Luca; Iotti, Giorgio; Foti, Giuseppe; Colombo, Sergio; Vivona, Luigi; Rossi, Sandra; Girardis, Massimo; Agnoletti, Vanni; Campagna, Anselmo; Gordini, Giovanni; Navalesi, Paolo; Boscolo, Annalisa; Graziano, Alessandro; Valeri, Ilaria; Vianello, Andrea; Cereda, Danilo; Filippini, Claudia; Cecconi, Maurizio; Locatelli, Franco; Bartoletti, Michele; Giannella, Maddalena; Viale, Pierluigi; Antonelli, Massimo; Nava, Stefano; Pesenti, Antonio; Ranieri, V. Marco title: Use of critical care resources during the first 2 weeks (February 24–March 8, 2020) of the Covid-19 outbreak in Italy date: 2020-10-12 journal: Ann Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s13613-020-00750-z sha: doc_id: 278993 cord_uid: w5aa0elj file: cache/cord-283780-h4lwzpl9.json key: cord-283780-h4lwzpl9 authors: Zhang, John J Y; Lee, Keng Siang; Ang, Li Wei; Leo, Yee Sin; Young, Barnaby Edward title: Risk Factors of Severe Disease and Efficacy of Treatment in Patients Infected with COVID-19: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression Analysis date: 2020-05-14 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa576 sha: doc_id: 283780 cord_uid: h4lwzpl9 file: cache/cord-286837-j2sqs20q.json key: cord-286837-j2sqs20q authors: Koetsier, Antonie; van Asten, Liselotte; Dijkstra, Frederika; van der Hoek, Wim; Snijders, Bianca E.; van den Wijngaard, Cees C.; Boshuizen, Hendriek C.; Donker, Gé A.; de Lange, Dylan W.; de Keizer, Nicolette F.; Peek, Niels title: Do Intensive Care Data on Respiratory Infections Reflect Influenza Epidemics? date: 2013-12-31 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083854 sha: doc_id: 286837 cord_uid: j2sqs20q file: cache/cord-287468-e5h4tmy6.json key: cord-287468-e5h4tmy6 authors: Lopez, Alexandre; Duclos, Gary; Pastene, Bruno; Bezulier, Karine; Guilhaumou, Romain; Solas, Caroline; Zieleskiewicz, Laurent; Leone, Marc title: Effects of Hydroxychloroquine on Covid-19 in Intensive Care Unit Patients: Preliminary Results date: 2020-08-08 journal: Int J Antimicrob Agents DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106136 sha: doc_id: 287468 cord_uid: e5h4tmy6 file: cache/cord-278838-qraq5aho.json key: cord-278838-qraq5aho authors: Mirouse, Adrien; Vignon, Philippe; Piron, Prescillia; Robert, René; Papazian, Laurent; Géri, Guillaume; Blanc, Pascal; Guitton, Christophe; Guérin, Claude; Bigé, Naïke; Rabbat, Antoine; Lefebvre, Aurélie; Razazi, Keyvan; Fartoukh, Muriel; Mariotte, Eric; Bouadma, Lila; Ricard, Jean-Damien; Seguin, Amélie; Souweine, Bertrand; Moreau, Anne-Sophie; Faguer, Stanislas; Mari, Arnaud; Mayaux, Julien; Schneider, Francis; Stoclin, Annabelle; Perez, Pierre; Maizel, Julien; Lafon, Charles; Ganster, Frédérique; Argaud, Laurent; Girault, Christophe; Barbier, François; Lecuyer, Lucien; Lambert, Jérôme; Canet, Emmanuel title: Severe varicella-zoster virus pneumonia: a multicenter cohort study date: 2017-06-07 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-017-1731-0 sha: doc_id: 278838 cord_uid: qraq5aho file: cache/cord-282958-9bi6pobg.json key: cord-282958-9bi6pobg authors: Ganem, Fabiana; Mendes, Fabio Macedo; Oliveira, Silvano Barbosa; Porto, Victor Bertolo Gomes; Araujo, Wildo; Nakaya, Helder; Diaz-Quijano, Fredi A; Croda, Julio title: The impact of early social distancing at COVID-19 Outbreak in the largest Metropolitan Area of Brazil. date: 2020-04-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.06.20055103 sha: doc_id: 282958 cord_uid: 9bi6pobg file: cache/cord-284883-bkydu285.json key: cord-284883-bkydu285 authors: Luis Silva, L.; Dutra, A. C.; Iora, P. H.; Ramajo, G. L. R.; Messias, G. A. F.; Gualda, I. A. P.; Scheidt, J. F. H. C.; Amaral, P. V. M. d.; Staton, C.; Rocha, T. A. H.; Andrade, L.; Vissoci, J. R. N. title: Brazil Health Care System preparation against COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.09.20096719 sha: doc_id: 284883 cord_uid: bkydu285 file: cache/cord-285381-6e9umbpi.json key: cord-285381-6e9umbpi authors: Fort, Daniel; Seoane, Leonardo; Unis, Graham D.; Price-Haywood, Eboni G. title: Locally Informed Modeling to Predict Hospital and Intensive Care Unit Capacity During the COVID-19 Epidemic date: 2020 journal: Ochsner J DOI: 10.31486/toj.20.0073 sha: doc_id: 285381 cord_uid: 6e9umbpi file: cache/cord-277621-mvsdrxzf.json key: cord-277621-mvsdrxzf authors: Canavera, Kristin; Elliott, Andrew title: Mental Health Care During and After the ICU: A Call to Action date: 2020-06-27 journal: Chest DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.06.028 sha: doc_id: 277621 cord_uid: mvsdrxzf file: cache/cord-015021-pol2qm74.json key: cord-015021-pol2qm74 authors: nan title: Third International Congress on the Immune Consequences of Trauma, Shock and Sepsis —Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches date: 1994 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/bf02258437 sha: doc_id: 15021 cord_uid: pol2qm74 file: cache/cord-277879-7ftu9b9q.json key: cord-277879-7ftu9b9q authors: Martinez-Sanz, J.; Muriel, A.; Ron, R.; Herrera, S.; Perez-Molina, J. A.; Moreno, S.; Serrano-Villar, S. title: Effects of Tocilizumab on Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Multicenter Cohort Study date: 2020-06-09 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.08.20125245 sha: doc_id: 277879 cord_uid: 7ftu9b9q file: cache/cord-284177-otr38534.json key: cord-284177-otr38534 authors: Wax, Randy S. title: Preparing the Intensive Care Unit for Disaster date: 2019-08-21 journal: Crit Care Clin DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2019.06.008 sha: doc_id: 284177 cord_uid: otr38534 file: cache/cord-284526-a5kgo4ct.json key: cord-284526-a5kgo4ct authors: Gavriilaki, Eleni; Anyfanti, Panagiota; Gavriilaki, Maria; Lazaridis, Antonios; Douma, Stella; Gkaliagkousi, Eugenia title: Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Lessons Learned from Coronaviruses date: 2020-08-27 journal: Curr Hypertens Rep DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-01078-6 sha: doc_id: 284526 cord_uid: a5kgo4ct file: cache/cord-284417-pmn6ll1q.json key: cord-284417-pmn6ll1q authors: Mulet Bayona, Juan V.; Tormo Palop, Nuria; Salvador García, Carme; Herrero Rodríguez, Paz; Abril López de Medrano, Vicente; Ferrer Gómez, Carolina; Gimeno Cardona, Concepción title: Characteristics and Management of Candidaemia Episodes in an Established Candida auris Outbreak date: 2020-08-30 journal: Antibiotics (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090558 sha: doc_id: 284417 cord_uid: pmn6ll1q file: cache/cord-285291-pep4opiq.json key: cord-285291-pep4opiq authors: Remy, Kenneth E.; Verhoef, Philip A.; Malone, Jay R.; Ruppe, Michael D.; Kaselitz, Timothy B.; Lodeserto, Frank; Hirshberg, Eliotte L.; Slonim, Anthony; Dezfulian, Cameron title: Caring for Critically Ill Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a PICU: Recommendations by Dual Trained Intensivists* date: 2020-04-29 journal: Pediatr Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002429 sha: doc_id: 285291 cord_uid: pep4opiq file: cache/cord-287102-o19uwryp.json key: cord-287102-o19uwryp authors: Amit, Moran; Sorkin, Alex; Chen, Jacob; Cohen, Barak; Karol, Dana; Tsur, Avishai M; Lev, Shaul; Rozenblat, Tal; Dvir, Ayana; Landau, Geva; Fridrich, Lidar; Glassberg, Elon; Kesari, Shani; Sviri, Sigal; Gelman, Ram; Miller, Asaf; Epstein, Danny; Ben-Avi, Ronny; Matan, Moshe; Jakobson, Daniel J.; Bader, Tarif; Dahan, David; King, Daniel A.; Ben-Ari, Anat; Soroksky, Arie; Bar, Alon; Fink, Noam; Singer, Pierre; Benov, Avi title: Clinical Course and Outcomes of Severe Covid-19: A National Scale Study date: 2020-07-18 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072282 sha: doc_id: 287102 cord_uid: o19uwryp file: cache/cord-287333-h89tmi0w.json key: cord-287333-h89tmi0w authors: Sanfilippo, Filippo; Bignami, Elena; Lorini, Ferdinando Luca; Astuto, Marinella title: The importance of a “socially responsible” approach during COVID-19: the invisible heroes of science in Italy date: 2020-05-26 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-02998-0 sha: doc_id: 287333 cord_uid: h89tmi0w file: cache/cord-005814-ak5pq312.json key: cord-005814-ak5pq312 authors: nan title: 8th European Congress of Intensive Care Medicine Athens - Greece, October 18–22, 1995 Abstracts date: 1995 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/bf02426401 sha: doc_id: 5814 cord_uid: ak5pq312 file: cache/cord-288222-8fqfbys2.json key: cord-288222-8fqfbys2 authors: Hardy, Michaël; Michaux, Isabelle; Lessire, Sarah; Douxfils, Jonathan; Dogné, Jean-Michel; Bareille, Marion; Horlait, Geoffrey; Bulpa, Pierre; Chapelle, Celine; Laporte, Silvy; Testa, Sophie; Jacqmin, Hugues; Lecompte, Thomas; Dive, Alain; Mullier, François title: Prothrombotic Disturbances of Hemostasis of Patients with Severe COVID-19: a Prospective Longitudinal Observational Study date: 2020-10-24 journal: Thromb Res DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.10.025 sha: doc_id: 288222 cord_uid: 8fqfbys2 file: cache/cord-287132-ellr5l4z.json key: cord-287132-ellr5l4z authors: Reif, Sarah Jordan; Layon, A Joseph title: A pilot volunteer reader programme decreases delirium days in critically ill, adult ICU patients date: 2020-07-20 journal: BMJ Open Qual DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2019-000761 sha: doc_id: 287132 cord_uid: ellr5l4z file: cache/cord-289188-hf9sh9vs.json key: cord-289188-hf9sh9vs authors: Salazar, M. R.; Gonzalez, S. E.; Regairaz, L.; Ferrando, N. S.; Gonzalez, V.; Carrera, P. M.; Munoz, L.; Pesci, S. A.; Vidal, J. M.; Kreplak, N.; Estenssoro, E. title: EFFECT OF CONVALESCENT PLASMA ON MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 PNEUMONIA date: 2020-10-09 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.08.20202606 sha: doc_id: 289188 cord_uid: hf9sh9vs file: cache/cord-289304-9srk0ohb.json key: cord-289304-9srk0ohb authors: Bagnato, Sergio; Boccagni, Cristina; Marino, Giorgio; Prestandrea, Caterina; D’Agostino, Tiziana; Rubino, Francesca title: Critical illness myopathy after COVID-19 date: 2020-08-05 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.072 sha: doc_id: 289304 cord_uid: 9srk0ohb file: cache/cord-290140-mmbzxz06.json key: cord-290140-mmbzxz06 authors: Lord, Heidi; Loveday, Clare; Moxham, Lorna; Fernandez, Ritin title: Effective communication is key to ICU nurses willingness to provide nursing care amidst the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-01 journal: Intensive Crit Care Nurs DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2020.102946 sha: doc_id: 290140 cord_uid: mmbzxz06 file: cache/cord-287628-lzqsh3jf.json key: cord-287628-lzqsh3jf authors: Gomersall, Charles D.; Joynt, Gavin M.; Ho, Oi Man; Ip, Margaret; Yap, Florence; Derrick, James L.; Leung, Patricia title: Transmission of SARS to healthcare workers. The experience of a Hong Kong ICU date: 2006-02-25 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-006-0081-1 sha: doc_id: 287628 cord_uid: lzqsh3jf file: cache/cord-288580-onzzpkye.json key: cord-288580-onzzpkye authors: HALAÇLI, Burçin; KAYA, Akın; TOPELİ, Arzu title: Critically ill COVID-19 patient date: 2020-04-21 journal: Turk J Med Sci DOI: 10.3906/sag-2004-122 sha: doc_id: 288580 cord_uid: onzzpkye file: cache/cord-294591-793ywpcd.json key: cord-294591-793ywpcd authors: Hu, Xiaoyun; Zhang, Zhidan; Li, Na; Liu, Dexin; Zhang, Li; He, Wei; Zhang, Wei; Li, Yuexia; Zhu, Cheng; Zhu, Guijun; Zhang, Lipeng; Xu, Fang; Wang, Shouhong; Cao, Xiangyuan; Zhao, Huiying; Li, Qian; Zhang, Xijing; Lin, Jiandong; Zhao, Shuangping; Li, Chen; Du, Bin title: Self-Reported Use of Personal Protective Equipment among Chinese Critical Care Clinicians during 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic date: 2012-09-05 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044723 sha: doc_id: 294591 cord_uid: 793ywpcd file: cache/cord-290658-r2bqqovo.json key: cord-290658-r2bqqovo authors: Qian, Hao; Gao, Peng; Tian, Ran; Yang, Xufei; Guo, Fan; Li, Taisheng; Liu, Zhengyin; Wang, Jinglan; Zhou, Xiang; Qin, Yan; Chang, Long; Song, Yanjun; Yan, Xiaowei; Wu, Wei; Zhang, Shuyang title: Myocardial Injury on Admission as a Risk in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: a Retrospective in-ICU Study date: 2020-10-16 journal: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.10.019 sha: doc_id: 290658 cord_uid: r2bqqovo file: cache/cord-022501-9wnmdvg5.json key: cord-022501-9wnmdvg5 authors: nan title: P1460 – P1884 date: 2015-12-28 journal: Clin Microbiol Infect DOI: 10.1111/j.1470-9465.2006.12_4_1431.x sha: doc_id: 22501 cord_uid: 9wnmdvg5 file: cache/cord-291742-donflx7w.json key: cord-291742-donflx7w authors: Khan, Raymond M.; Al-Juaid, Maha; Al-Mutairi, Hanan; Bibin, George; Alchin, John; Matroud, Amal; Burrows, Victoria; Tan, Ismael; Zayer, Salha; Naidv, Brintha; Kalantan, Basim; Arabi, Yaseen M. title: Implementing the comprehensive unit-based safety program model to improve the management of mechanically ventilated patients in Saudi Arabia date: 2018-09-05 journal: Am J Infect Control DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2018.06.022 sha: doc_id: 291742 cord_uid: donflx7w file: cache/cord-291421-mrm9paiq.json key: cord-291421-mrm9paiq authors: Meijer, Eelco F. J.; Dofferhoff, Anton S. M.; Hoiting, Oscar; Buil, Jochem B.; Meis, Jacques F. title: Azole-Resistant COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis in an Immunocompetent Host: A Case Report date: 2020-06-06 journal: J Fungi (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/jof6020079 sha: doc_id: 291421 cord_uid: mrm9paiq file: cache/cord-291955-mlju5f9u.json key: cord-291955-mlju5f9u authors: Haas, Lenneke E. M.; de Lange, Dylan W.; van Dijk, Diederik; van Delden, Johannes J. M. title: Should we deny ICU admission to the elderly? Ethical considerations in times of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-09 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03050-x sha: doc_id: 291955 cord_uid: mlju5f9u file: cache/cord-292474-dmgd99d6.json key: cord-292474-dmgd99d6 authors: Berardi, Giammauro; Colasanti, Marco; Levi Sandri, Giovanni Battista; Del Basso, Celeste; Ferretti, Stefano; Laurenzi, Andrea; Guglielmo, Nicola; Meniconi, Roberto Luca; Antonini, Mario; D’Offizi, Gianpiero; Ettorre, Giuseppe Maria title: Continuing our work: transplant surgery and surgical oncology in a tertiary referral COVID-19 center date: 2020-06-04 journal: Updates Surg DOI: 10.1007/s13304-020-00825-3 sha: doc_id: 292474 cord_uid: dmgd99d6 file: cache/cord-289550-b8f4a7o3.json key: cord-289550-b8f4a7o3 authors: Neuwirth, C.; Gruber, C.; Murphy, T. title: Investigating duration and intensity of Covid-19 social-distancing strategies date: 2020-04-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.24.20078022 sha: doc_id: 289550 cord_uid: b8f4a7o3 file: cache/cord-292856-7hjzzxtm.json key: cord-292856-7hjzzxtm authors: Viasus, Diego; Oteo Revuelta, José A.; Martínez-Montauti, Joaquín; Carratalà, Jordi title: Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09-related pneumonia and other complications date: 2012-10-31 journal: Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica DOI: 10.1016/s0213-005x(12)70104-0 sha: doc_id: 292856 cord_uid: 7hjzzxtm file: cache/cord-290326-umv0q4d7.json key: cord-290326-umv0q4d7 authors: Stachowska, Ewa; Folwarski, Marcin; Jamioł-Milc, Dominika; Maciejewska, Dominika; Skonieczna-Żydecka, Karolina title: Nutritional Support in Coronavirus 2019 Disease date: 2020-06-12 journal: Medicina (Kaunas) DOI: 10.3390/medicina56060289 sha: doc_id: 290326 cord_uid: umv0q4d7 file: cache/cord-293552-k3wvvnmd.json key: cord-293552-k3wvvnmd authors: Yifan, Tang; Ying, Liu; Chunhong, Gao; Jing, Song; Rong, Wang; Zhenyu, Li; Zejuan, Gu; Peihung, Liao title: Symptom Cluster of ICU nurses treating COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Wuhan, China date: 2020-04-08 journal: J Pain Symptom Manage DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.03.039 sha: doc_id: 293552 cord_uid: k3wvvnmd file: cache/cord-291481-ov1gkgpc.json key: cord-291481-ov1gkgpc authors: Bonizzoli, Manuela; Arvia, Rosaria; di Valvasone, Simona; Liotta, Francesco; Zakrzewska, Krystyna; Azzi, Alberta; Peris, Adriano title: Human herpesviruses respiratory infections in patients with acute respiratory distress (ARDS) date: 2016-05-02 journal: Med Microbiol Immunol DOI: 10.1007/s00430-016-0456-z sha: doc_id: 291481 cord_uid: ov1gkgpc file: cache/cord-290460-d5e6y2r8.json key: cord-290460-d5e6y2r8 authors: Knighton, Andrew J.; Kean, Jacob; Wolfe, Doug; Allen, Lauren; Jacobs, Jason; Carpenter, Lori; Winberg, Carrie; Berry, Jay G.; Peltan, Ithan D.; Grissom, Colin K.; Srivastava, Raj title: Multi-factorial barriers and facilitators to high adherence to lung-protective ventilation using a computerized protocol: a mixed methods study date: 2020-07-28 journal: Implement Sci Commun DOI: 10.1186/s43058-020-00057-x sha: doc_id: 290460 cord_uid: d5e6y2r8 file: cache/cord-293093-cq43592t.json key: cord-293093-cq43592t authors: Ismaeil, Taha; Almutairi, Jawaher; Alshaikh, Rema; Althobaiti, Zahrah; Ismaiel, Yassin; Othman, Fatmah title: Survival of mechanically ventilated patients admitted to intensive care units: Results from a tertiary care center between 2016-2018 date: 2019-08-17 journal: Saudi Med J DOI: 10.15537/smj.2019.8.24447 sha: doc_id: 293093 cord_uid: cq43592t file: cache/cord-292273-xu9pb9ul.json key: cord-292273-xu9pb9ul authors: Guillamet, C. V.; Guillamet, R. V.; Kramer, A. A.; Maurer, P. M.; Menke, G. A.; Hill, C. L.; Knaus, W. A. title: TOWARD A COVID-19 SCORE-RISK ASSESSMENTS AND REGISTRY date: 2020-04-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.15.20066860 sha: doc_id: 292273 cord_uid: xu9pb9ul file: cache/cord-297327-19dfgfz6.json key: cord-297327-19dfgfz6 authors: Drożdżal, Sylwester; Rosik, Jakub; Lechowicz, Kacper; Machaj, Filip; Szostak, Bartosz; Majewski, Paweł; Rotter, Iwona; Kotfis, Katarzyna title: COVID-19: Pain Management in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection—Molecular Mechanisms, Challenges, and Perspectives date: 2020-07-20 journal: Brain Sci DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10070465 sha: doc_id: 297327 cord_uid: 19dfgfz6 file: cache/cord-291886-phl8kh3f.json key: cord-291886-phl8kh3f authors: Anthi, Anastasia; Konstantonis, Dimitrios; Theodorakopoulou, Maria; Apostolopoulou, Olympia; Karampela, Irene; Konstantopoulou, Georgia; Patsilinakou, Stavroula; Armaganidis, Apostolos; Dimopoulos, George title: A Severe COVID-19 Case Complicated by Right Atrium Thrombus date: 2020-09-23 journal: Am J Case Rep DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.926915 sha: doc_id: 291886 cord_uid: phl8kh3f file: cache/cord-291434-oktu3ieq.json key: cord-291434-oktu3ieq authors: Krishna, Lalit Kumar Radha; Neo, Han Yee; Chia, Elisha Wan Ying; Tay, Kuang Teck; Chan, Noreen; Neo, Patricia Soek Hui; Goh, Cynthia; Peh, Tan Ying; Chiam, Min; Low, James Alvin Yiew Hock title: The role of palliative medicine in ICU bed allocation in COVID-19: a joint position statement of the Singapore Hospice Council and the Chapter of Palliative Medicine Physicians date: 2020-06-01 journal: Asian Bioeth Rev DOI: 10.1007/s41649-020-00128-0 sha: doc_id: 291434 cord_uid: oktu3ieq file: cache/cord-287732-abzpfdcu.json key: cord-287732-abzpfdcu authors: Martindale, Robert; Patel, Jayshil J.; Taylor, Beth; Arabi, Yaseen M.; Warren, Malissa; McClave, Stephen A. title: Nutrition Therapy in Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease (COVID‐19) date: 2020-05-27 journal: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1930 sha: doc_id: 287732 cord_uid: abzpfdcu file: cache/cord-289973-1mczuxsy.json key: cord-289973-1mczuxsy authors: Biran, Noa; Ip, Andrew; Ahn, Jaeil; Go, Ronaldo C; Wang, Shuqi; Mathura, Shivam; Sinclaire, Brittany A; Bednarz, Urszula; Marafelias, Michael; Hansen, Eric; Siegel, David S; Goy, Andre H; Pecora, Andrew L; Sawczuk, Ihor S; Koniaris, Lauren S; Simwenyi, Micky; Varga, Daniel W; Tank, Lisa K; Stein, Aaron A; Allusson, Valerie; Lin, George S; Oser, William F; Tuma, Roman A; Reichman, Joseph; Brusco, Louis; Carpenter, Kim L; Costanzo, Eric J; Vivona, Vincent; Goldberg, Stuart L title: Tocilizumab among patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit: a multicentre observational study date: 2020-08-14 journal: The Lancet Rheumatology DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(20)30277-0 sha: doc_id: 289973 cord_uid: 1mczuxsy file: cache/cord-294992-p50jdpt7.json key: cord-294992-p50jdpt7 authors: Levy, Yael; Bonnet, Marie‐Pierre; Chemam, Sarah; Sabourdin, Nada; Louvet, Nicolas; Constant, Isabelle title: Unexpected benefits of the COVID challenge: When critically ill adult patients are managed in a pediatric PACU date: 2020-09-22 journal: Paediatr Anaesth DOI: 10.1111/pan.13980 sha: doc_id: 294992 cord_uid: p50jdpt7 file: cache/cord-295287-j3gm9vpz.json key: cord-295287-j3gm9vpz authors: Michard, Frédéric; Malbrain, Manu LNG; Martin, Greg S; Fumeaux, Thierry; Lobo, Suzana; Gonzalez, Filipe; Pinho-Oliveira, Vitor; Constantin, Jean-Michel title: Haemodynamic Monitoring and Management in COVID-19 Intensive Care Patients: An International Survey date: 2020-08-09 journal: Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.08.001 sha: doc_id: 295287 cord_uid: j3gm9vpz file: cache/cord-295712-35i0mhz4.json key: cord-295712-35i0mhz4 authors: Fox, Gregory J; Trauer, James M; McBryde, Emma title: Modelling the impact of COVID‐19 on intensive care services in New South Wales date: 2020-05-08 journal: Med J Aust DOI: 10.5694/mja2.50606 sha: doc_id: 295712 cord_uid: 35i0mhz4 file: cache/cord-297062-dmiplvt2.json key: cord-297062-dmiplvt2 authors: Almekhlafi, Ghaleb A.; Albarrak, Mohammed M.; Mandourah, Yasser; Hassan, Sahar; Alwan, Abid; Abudayah, Abdullah; Altayyar, Sultan; Mustafa, Mohamed; Aldaghestani, Tareef; Alghamedi, Adnan; Talag, Ali; Malik, Muhammad K.; Omrani, Ali S.; Sakr, Yasser title: Presentation and outcome of Middle East respiratory syndrome in Saudi intensive care unit patients date: 2016-05-07 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1303-8 sha: doc_id: 297062 cord_uid: dmiplvt2 file: cache/cord-297682-knd6avhu.json key: cord-297682-knd6avhu authors: Mulpuru, Sunita; Aaron, Shawn D.; Ronksley, Paul E.; Lawrence, Nadine; Forster, Alan J. title: Hospital Resource Utilization and Patient Outcomes Associated with Respiratory Viral Testing in Hospitalized Patients date: 2015-08-17 journal: Emerg Infect Dis DOI: 10.3201/eid2108.140978 sha: doc_id: 297682 cord_uid: knd6avhu file: cache/cord-292094-vmsdhccp.json key: cord-292094-vmsdhccp authors: Mandell, Lionel A.; Wunderink, Richard G.; Anzueto, Antonio; Bartlett, John G.; Campbell, G. Douglas; Dean, Nathan C.; Dowell, Scott F.; File, Thomas M.; Musher, Daniel M.; Niederman, Michael S.; Torres, Antonio; Whitney, Cynthia G. title: Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults date: 2007-03-01 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1086/511159 sha: doc_id: 292094 cord_uid: vmsdhccp file: cache/cord-299104-kb5gsig5.json key: cord-299104-kb5gsig5 authors: Riou, Marianne; Marcot, Christophe; Canuet, Matthieu; Renaud-Picard, Benjamin; Chatron, Eva; Porzio, Michele; Dégot, Tristan; Hirschi, Sandrine; Metz-Favre, Carine; Kassegne, Loïc; Ederle, Carole; Khayath, Naji; Labani, Aissam; Leyendecker, Pierre; Blay, Frédéric De; Kessler, Romain title: Clinical characteristics of and outcomes for patients with COVID-19 and comorbid lung diseases primarily hospitalized in a conventional pulmonology unit: a retrospective study date: 2020-11-12 journal: Respir Med Res DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2020.100801 sha: doc_id: 299104 cord_uid: kb5gsig5 file: cache/cord-295329-y7rx3ky4.json key: cord-295329-y7rx3ky4 authors: Mattioli, Francesco; Fermi, Matteo; Ghirelli, Michael; Molteni, Gabriele; Sgarbi, Nicola; Bertellini, Elisabetta; Girardis, Massimo; Presutti, Livio; Marudi, Andrea title: Tracheostomy in the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-22 journal: Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-05982-0 sha: doc_id: 295329 cord_uid: y7rx3ky4 file: cache/cord-296511-y2vhh6oq.json key: cord-296511-y2vhh6oq authors: Zhang, YiMin; Liu, JiMin; Yu, Liang; Zhou, Ning; Ding, Wei; Zheng, ShuFa; Shi, Ding; Li, LanJuan title: Prevalence and characteristics of hypoxic hepatitis in the largest single-centre cohort of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus-infected patients with severe liver impairment in the intensive care unit date: 2016-01-06 journal: Emerg Microbes Infect DOI: 10.1038/emi.2016.1 sha: doc_id: 296511 cord_uid: y2vhh6oq file: cache/cord-299650-lhphdjeu.json key: cord-299650-lhphdjeu authors: Whittle, John; Molinger, Jeroen; MacLeod, David; Haines, Krista; Wischmeyer, Paul E. title: Persistent hypermetabolism and longitudinal energy expenditure in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03286-7 sha: doc_id: 299650 cord_uid: lhphdjeu file: cache/cord-295332-wlnss6bg.json key: cord-295332-wlnss6bg authors: AL Shareef, Khaled; Bakouri, Mohsen title: Cytokine Blood Filtration Responses in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-28 journal: Blood Purif DOI: 10.1159/000508278 sha: doc_id: 295332 cord_uid: wlnss6bg file: cache/cord-300230-a3jk6w90.json key: cord-300230-a3jk6w90 authors: Ding, Ji-Guang; Sun, Qing-Feng; Li, Ke-Cheng; Zheng, Ming-Hua; Miao, Xiao-Hui; Ni, Wu; Hong, Liang; Yang, Jin-Xian; Ruan, Zhan-Wei; Zhou, Rui-Wei; Zhou, Hai-Jiao; He, Wen-Fei title: Retrospective analysis of nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in China during 2003 and 2007 date: 2009-07-25 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-9-115 sha: doc_id: 300230 cord_uid: a3jk6w90 file: cache/cord-300892-zzl0c9nj.json key: cord-300892-zzl0c9nj authors: Sukhonthamarn, Kamolsak; Grosso, Matthew J.; Parvizi, Javad title: Response to Letter to the Editor titled ‘Risk Modeling for Unplanned Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Admission’ date: 2020-05-08 journal: J Arthroplasty DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2020.05.005 sha: doc_id: 300892 cord_uid: zzl0c9nj file: cache/cord-292490-djp9onk5.json key: cord-292490-djp9onk5 authors: Verma, V. R.; Saini, A.; Gandhi, S.; Dash, U.; Koya, D. M. S. F. title: Projecting Demand-Supply Gap of Hospital Capacity in India in the face of COVID-19 pandemic using Age-Structured Deterministic SEIR model date: 2020-05-19 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.14.20100537 sha: doc_id: 292490 cord_uid: djp9onk5 file: cache/cord-297544-h5dsnex9.json key: cord-297544-h5dsnex9 authors: Kulkarni, Sagar title: The bone prone team date: 2020-06-26 journal: J Clin Orthop Trauma DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.06.031 sha: doc_id: 297544 cord_uid: h5dsnex9 file: cache/cord-294270-do6i6ymq.json key: cord-294270-do6i6ymq authors: Banu, Buyukaydin title: Pneumonia date: 2019-11-29 journal: Encyclopedia of Biomedical Gerontology DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.62174-8 sha: doc_id: 294270 cord_uid: do6i6ymq file: cache/cord-300897-lih5f6cj.json key: cord-300897-lih5f6cj authors: Du, Bin; Xi, Xiuming; Chen, Dechang; Peng, Jinmin title: Clinical review: Critical care medicine in mainland China date: 2010-02-25 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/cc8222 sha: doc_id: 300897 cord_uid: lih5f6cj file: cache/cord-296435-6dergkha.json key: cord-296435-6dergkha authors: Wang, Tiehua; Liu, Zhuang; Wang, Zhaoxi; Duan, Meili; Li, Gang; Wang, Shupeng; Li, Wenxiong; Zhu, Zhaozhong; Wei, Yongyue; Christiani, David C.; Li, Ang; Zhu, Xi title: Thrombocytopenia Is Associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Mortality: An International Study date: 2014-04-14 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094124 sha: doc_id: 296435 cord_uid: 6dergkha file: cache/cord-301011-xbuqd0j5.json key: cord-301011-xbuqd0j5 authors: Felten-Barentsz, Karin M; van Oorsouw, Roel; Klooster, Emily; Koenders, Niek; Driehuis, Femke; Hulzebos, Erik H J; van der Schaaf, Marike; Hoogeboom, Thomas J; van der Wees, Philip J title: Recommendations for Hospital-Based Physical Therapists Managing Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-06-18 journal: Phys Ther DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa114 sha: doc_id: 301011 cord_uid: xbuqd0j5 file: cache/cord-299254-kqpnwkg5.json key: cord-299254-kqpnwkg5 authors: Sun, Yingcheng; Guo, Fei; Kaffashi, Farhad; Jacono, Frank J.; DeGeorgia, Michael; Loparo, Kenneth A. title: INSMA: An integrated system for multimodal data acquisition and analysis in the intensive care unit date: 2020-04-28 journal: J Biomed Inform DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103434 sha: doc_id: 299254 cord_uid: kqpnwkg5 file: cache/cord-302997-39o08tt1.json key: cord-302997-39o08tt1 authors: Ceruti, S.; Roncador, M.; Gie, O.; Bona, G.; Iattoni, M.; Biggiogero, M.; Maida, P. A.; COVID-19 Clinical Management Team,; Garzoni, C.; Mauri, R. title: Reduced mortality and shorten ICU stay in SARS-COV-2 pneumonia: a low PEEP strategy date: 2020-05-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.03.20089318 sha: doc_id: 302997 cord_uid: 39o08tt1 file: cache/cord-300356-oorac5he.json key: cord-300356-oorac5he authors: Nair, Girish B.; Niederman, Michael S. title: Community-Acquired Pneumonia: An Unfinished Battle date: 2011-10-05 journal: Med Clin North Am DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2011.08.007 sha: doc_id: 300356 cord_uid: oorac5he file: cache/cord-302393-hrz3bypr.json key: cord-302393-hrz3bypr authors: Omrani, Ali S.; Almaslamani, Muna A.; Daghfal, Joanne; Alattar, Rand A.; Elgara, Mohamed; Shaar, Shahd H.; Ibrahim, Tawheeda B. H.; Zaqout, Ahmed; Bakdach, Dana; Akkari, Abdelrauof M.; Baiou, Anas; Alhariri, Bassem; Elajez, Reem; Husain, Ahmed A. M.; Badawi, Mohamed N.; Abid, Fatma Ben; Abu Jarir, Sulieman H.; Abdalla, Shiema; Kaleeckal, Anvar; Choda, Kris; Chinta, Venkateswara R.; Sherbash, Mohamed A.; Al-Ismail, Khalil; Abukhattab, Mohammed; Ait Hssain, Ali; Coyle, Peter V.; Bertollini, Roberto; Frenneaux, Michael P.; Alkhal, Abdullatif; Al-Kuwari, Hanan M. title: The first consecutive 5000 patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 from Qatar; a nation-wide cohort study date: 2020-10-19 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05511-8 sha: doc_id: 302393 cord_uid: hrz3bypr file: cache/cord-304061-nfpzcago.json key: cord-304061-nfpzcago authors: Crispi, F.; Crovetto, F.; Larroya, M.; Camacho, M.; Sibila, O.; Badia, J. R.; Lopez, M.; Vellve, K.; Garcia, F.; Trilla, A.; Faner, R.; Blanco, I.; Borras, R.; Agusti, A.; Gratacos, E. title: LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AS A RISK FACTOR FOR SEVERE COVID-19 IN ADULTS date: 2020-09-15 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.14.20193920 sha: doc_id: 304061 cord_uid: nfpzcago file: cache/cord-300176-lurzcliy.json key: cord-300176-lurzcliy authors: van Mol, Margo M. C.; Wagener, Sebastian; Latour, Jos M.; Boelen, Paul A.; Spronk, Peter E.; den Uil, Corstiaan A.; Rietjens, Judith A. C. title: Developing and testing a nurse-led intervention to support bereavement in relatives in the intensive care (BRIC study): a protocol of a pre-post intervention study date: 2020-08-18 journal: BMC Palliat Care DOI: 10.1186/s12904-020-00636-8 sha: doc_id: 300176 cord_uid: lurzcliy file: cache/cord-301336-rycbeax7.json key: cord-301336-rycbeax7 authors: Cao, Jianlei; Hu, Xiaoyong; Cheng, Wenlin; Yu, Lei; Tu, Wen-Jun; Liu, Qiang title: Clinical features and short-term outcomes of 18 patients with corona virus disease 2019 in intensive care unit date: 2020-03-02 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-05987-7 sha: doc_id: 301336 cord_uid: rycbeax7 file: cache/cord-302177-8w3ojgd4.json key: cord-302177-8w3ojgd4 authors: Cavayas, Yiorgos Alexandros; Noël, Alexandre; Brunette, Veronique; Williamson, David; Frenette, Anne Julie; Arsenault, Christine; Bellemare, Patrick; Lagrenade-Verdant, Colin; LeGuillan, Soazig; Levesque, Emilie; Lamarche, Yoan; Giasson, Marc; Rico, Philippe; Beaulieu, Yanick; Marsolais, Pierre; Serri, Karim; Bernard, Francis; Albert, Martin title: Early experience with critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Montreal date: 2020-09-15 journal: Can J Anaesth DOI: 10.1007/s12630-020-01816-z sha: doc_id: 302177 cord_uid: 8w3ojgd4 file: cache/cord-303024-a1y01vdv.json key: cord-303024-a1y01vdv authors: Alshukry, A.; Ali, H.; Ali, Y.; Al Taweel, T.; Abu-farha, M.; AbuBaker, J.; Devarajan, S.; Dashti, A. A.; Bandar, A.; Taleb, H.; Al Bader, A.; Aly, N. Y.; Al-Ozairi, E.; Al-Mulla, F.; Bu Abbas, M. title: Clinical characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Kuwait date: 2020-06-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.14.20131045 sha: doc_id: 303024 cord_uid: a1y01vdv file: cache/cord-304746-7yzybukk.json key: cord-304746-7yzybukk authors: Li, Xinye; Pan, Xiandu; Li, Yanda; An, Na; Xing, Yanfen; Yang, Fan; Tian, Li; Sun, Jiahao; Gao, Yonghong; Shang, Hongcai; Xing, Yanwei title: Cardiac injury associated with severe disease or ICU admission and death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis and systematic review date: 2020-07-28 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03183-z sha: doc_id: 304746 cord_uid: 7yzybukk file: cache/cord-305213-bt0qsbyf.json key: cord-305213-bt0qsbyf authors: Zhou, Jian; Sun, Jingjing; Cao, Ziqin; Wang, Wanchun; Huang, Kang; Zheng, Fang; Xie, Yuanlin; Jiang, Dixuan; Zhou, Zhiguo title: Epidemiological and clinical features of 201 COVID-19 patients in Changsha city, Hunan, China date: 2020-08-21 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021824 sha: doc_id: 305213 cord_uid: bt0qsbyf file: cache/cord-305068-9qh8vgtc.json key: cord-305068-9qh8vgtc authors: Pinto Pereira, João; Hantson, Philippe; Gerard, Ludovic; Wittebole, Xavier; Laterre, Pierre-François; Lambert, Catherine; Hermans, Cédric title: Management of COVID-19 Coagulopathy in a Patient with Severe Haemophilia A date: 2020-09-25 journal: Acta Haematol DOI: 10.1159/000510591 sha: doc_id: 305068 cord_uid: 9qh8vgtc file: cache/cord-304124-ym9mf5wz.json key: cord-304124-ym9mf5wz authors: Li, Jia; He, Xue; Yuanyuan; Zhang, Wei; Li, Xue; Zhang, Yuhua; Li, Shaoxiang; Guan, Chunyan; Gao, Zifen; Dong, Gehong title: Meta-analysis investigating the relationship between clinical features, outcomes, and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia date: 2020-06-12 journal: Am J Infect Control DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.008 sha: doc_id: 304124 cord_uid: ym9mf5wz file: cache/cord-302571-vb9ks4mq.json key: cord-302571-vb9ks4mq authors: Damiani, Giovanni; Pacifico, Alessia; Bragazzi, Nicola L.; Malagoli, Piergiorgio title: Biologics increase the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and hospitalization, but not ICU admission and death: Real‐life data from a large cohort during red‐zone declaration date: 2020-05-19 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13475 sha: doc_id: 302571 cord_uid: vb9ks4mq file: cache/cord-303292-iheq50ub.json key: cord-303292-iheq50ub authors: De Jong, Audrey; Wrigge, Hermann; Hedenstierna, Goran; Gattinoni, Luciano; Chiumello, Davide; Frat, Jean-Pierre; Ball, Lorenzo; Schetz, Miet; Pickkers, Peter; Jaber, Samir title: How to ventilate obese patients in the ICU date: 2020-10-23 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06286-x sha: doc_id: 303292 cord_uid: iheq50ub file: cache/cord-308105-u5eri058.json key: cord-308105-u5eri058 authors: Qian, Z.; Alaa, A. M.; van der Schaar, M.; Ercole, A. title: Between-centre differences for COVID-19 ICU mortality from early data in England date: 2020-04-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.19.20070722 sha: doc_id: 308105 cord_uid: u5eri058 file: cache/cord-307287-zpq6byml.json key: cord-307287-zpq6byml authors: Poulsen, Nadia Nicholine; von Brunn, Albrecht; Hornum, Mads; Blomberg Jensen, Martin title: Cyclosporine and COVID‐19: Risk or Favorable? date: 2020-08-10 journal: Am J Transplant DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16250 sha: doc_id: 307287 cord_uid: zpq6byml file: cache/cord-305074-wz17u4e7.json key: cord-305074-wz17u4e7 authors: Fernandez, Javier; Gratacos-Ginès, Jordi; Olivas, Pol; Costa, Montserrat; Nieto, Susana; Mateo, Dolors; Sánchez, María Belén; Aguilar, Ferran; Bassegoda, Octavi; Ruiz, Pablo; Caballol, Berta; Pocurull, Anna; Llach, Joan; Mustieles, María Jesús; Cid, Joan; Reverter, Enric; Toapanta, Nestor David; Hernández-Tejero, María; Martínez, José Antonio; Claria, Joan; Fernández, Carlos; Mensa, José; Arroyo, Vicente; Castro, Pedro; Lozano, Miquel title: Plasma Exchange: An Effective Rescue Therapy in Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection date: 2020-08-24 journal: Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004613 sha: doc_id: 305074 cord_uid: wz17u4e7 file: cache/cord-304736-lkjsh3fu.json key: cord-304736-lkjsh3fu authors: Taccone, Fabio Silvio; Gevenois, Pierre Alain; Peluso, Lorenzo; Pletchette, Zoe; Lheureux, Olivier; Brasseur, Alexandre; Garufi, Alessandra; Talamonti, Marta; Motte, Serge; Nobile, Leda; Grimaldi, David; Creteur, Jacques; Vincent, Jean-Louis title: Higher Intensity Thromboprophylaxis Regimens and Pulmonary Embolism in Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients date: 2020-08-18 journal: Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004548 sha: doc_id: 304736 cord_uid: lkjsh3fu file: cache/cord-306315-vt2e0crh.json key: cord-306315-vt2e0crh authors: Elabbadi, Alexandre; Pichon, Jérémie; Visseaux, Benoit; Schnuriger, Aurélie; Bouadma, Lila; Philippot, Quentin; Patrier, Juliette; Labbé, Vincent; Ruckly, Stéphane; Fartoukh, Muriel; Timsit, Jean-François; Voiriot, Guillaume title: Respiratory virus-associated infections in HIV-infected adults admitted to the intensive care unit for acute respiratory failure: a 6-year bicenter retrospective study (HIV-VIR study) date: 2020-09-14 journal: Ann Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s13613-020-00738-9 sha: doc_id: 306315 cord_uid: vt2e0crh file: cache/cord-305363-4msd8mqo.json key: cord-305363-4msd8mqo authors: Roselli, Lucia Reis Peixoto; Frej, Eduarda Asfora; Ferreira, Rodrigo José Pires; Alberti, Alexandre Ramalho; de Almeida, Adiel Teixeira title: Utility-Based Multicriteria Model for Screening Patients under the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-01 journal: Comput Math Methods Med DOI: 10.1155/2020/9391251 sha: doc_id: 305363 cord_uid: 4msd8mqo file: cache/cord-306210-ny3vvu9h.json key: cord-306210-ny3vvu9h authors: Clarfield, A. Mark; Jotkowitz, Alan title: Age, ageing, ageism and “age-itation” in the Age of COVID-19: rights and obligations relating to older persons in Israel as observed through the lens of medical ethics date: 2020-11-12 journal: Isr J Health Policy Res DOI: 10.1186/s13584-020-00416-y sha: doc_id: 306210 cord_uid: ny3vvu9h file: cache/cord-305498-8tmtvw1r.json key: cord-305498-8tmtvw1r authors: Singh Saraj, K.; Mishra Vishal, A.; Jha Vikas, C. title: Modification of Neurosurgical Practice during Corona Pandemic: Our Experience at AIIMS Patna And Long Term Guidelines date: 2020-09-10 journal: Interdiscip Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100895 sha: doc_id: 305498 cord_uid: 8tmtvw1r file: cache/cord-305575-mdy0fcnn.json key: cord-305575-mdy0fcnn authors: Zampieri, Fernando Godinho; Soares, Marcio; Salluh, Jorge Ibrain Figueira title: How to evaluate intensive care unit performance during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020 journal: Rev Bras Ter Intensiva DOI: 10.5935/0103-507x.20200040 sha: doc_id: 305575 cord_uid: mdy0fcnn file: cache/cord-308303-tgpqnoq2.json key: cord-308303-tgpqnoq2 authors: Liu, X.; Zhang, X.; Xiao, Y.; Gao, T.; Wang, G.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, Z.; Hu, Y.; Dong, Q.; Zhao, S.; Yu, L.; Zhang, S.; Li, H.; Li, K.; Chen, W.; Bian, X.; Mao, Q.; Cao, C. title: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is associated with a high risk of mortality in critical COVID-19 patients receiving heparin-involved treatment date: 2020-04-28 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.23.20076851 sha: doc_id: 308303 cord_uid: tgpqnoq2 file: cache/cord-305434-c1jzty0u.json key: cord-305434-c1jzty0u authors: Roberts, Matthew B.; Izzy, Saef; Tahir, Zabreen; Al Jarrah, Ali; Fishman, Jay A.; El Khoury, Joseph title: COVID‐19 in solid organ transplant recipients: Dynamics of disease progression and inflammatory markers in ICU and non‐ICU admitted patients date: 2020-07-22 journal: Transpl Infect Dis DOI: 10.1111/tid.13407 sha: doc_id: 305434 cord_uid: c1jzty0u file: cache/cord-309378-sfr1x0ob.json key: cord-309378-sfr1x0ob authors: Röst, Gergely; Bartha, Ferenc A.; Bogya, Norbert; Boldog, Péter; Dénes, Attila; Ferenci, Tamás; Horváth, Krisztina J.; Juhász, Attila; Nagy, Csilla; Tekeli, Tamás; Vizi, Zsolt; Oroszi, Beatrix title: Early Phase of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Hungary and Post-Lockdown Scenarios date: 2020-06-30 journal: Viruses DOI: 10.3390/v12070708 sha: doc_id: 309378 cord_uid: sfr1x0ob file: cache/cord-311159-qatiqnac.json key: cord-311159-qatiqnac authors: Kupczyk, Maciej; Antczak, Adam; Kuna, Piotr; Górski, Paweł title: Life threatening pneumonia in a lupus patient: a case report date: 2008-07-31 journal: Cases J DOI: 10.1186/1757-1626-1-70 sha: doc_id: 311159 cord_uid: qatiqnac file: cache/cord-311872-09jzyyin.json key: cord-311872-09jzyyin authors: Effenberger, Maria; Grander, Christoph; Grabherr, Felix; Griesmacher, Andrea; Ploner, Thomas; Hartig, Frank; Bellmann-Weiler, Rosa; Joannidis, Michael; Zoller, Heinz; Weiss, Günter; Adolph, Timon Erik; Tilg, Herbert title: Systemic inflammation as fuel for acute liver injury in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-10 journal: Dig Liver Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.08.004 sha: doc_id: 311872 cord_uid: 09jzyyin file: cache/cord-310457-l3d1dc93.json key: cord-310457-l3d1dc93 authors: Robinson, A. J.; London, W.; Kotan, L.; Downing, W. title: A modification to the Maquet Flow-i anaesthesia machinefor ICU ventilation date: 2020-04-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.06.20054882 sha: doc_id: 310457 cord_uid: l3d1dc93 file: cache/cord-310621-wnd47uss.json key: cord-310621-wnd47uss authors: Singh, Shalendra; Cherian Ambooken, George; Setlur, Rangraj; Paul, Shamik Kr; Kanitkar, Madhuri; Singh Bhatia, Surinder; singh Kanwar, Ratnesh title: Challenges faced in establishing a dedicated 250 bed COVID-19 intensive care unit in a temporary structure date: 2020-11-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.tacc.2020.10.006 sha: doc_id: 310621 cord_uid: wnd47uss file: cache/cord-310089-kfxtctn3.json key: cord-310089-kfxtctn3 authors: Gomez, Sofia; Anderson, Brian J.; Yu, Hyunmin; Gutsche, Jacob; Jablonski, Juliane; Martin, Niels; Kerlin, Meeta Prasad; Mikkelsen, Mark E. title: Benchmarking Critical Care Well-Being: Before and After the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-10-21 journal: Crit Care Explor DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000233 sha: doc_id: 310089 cord_uid: kfxtctn3 file: cache/cord-313136-ab56mg6j.json key: cord-313136-ab56mg6j authors: Pavoni, Vittorio; Gianesello, Lara; Pazzi, Maddalena; Stera, Caterina; Meconi, Tommaso; Frigieri, Francesca Covani title: Evaluation of coagulation function by rotation thromboelastometry in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-05-11 journal: J Thromb Thrombolysis DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02130-7 sha: doc_id: 313136 cord_uid: ab56mg6j file: cache/cord-308188-oid3n8qf.json key: cord-308188-oid3n8qf authors: Cuquemelle, E.; Soulis, F.; Villers, D.; Roche-Campo, F.; Ara Somohano, C.; Fartoukh, M.; Kouatchet, A.; Mourvillier, B.; Dellamonica, J.; Picard, W.; Schmidt, M.; Boulain, T.; Brun-Buisson, C. title: Can procalcitonin help identify associated bacterial infection in patients with severe influenza pneumonia? A multicentre study date: 2011-03-03 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-011-2189-1 sha: doc_id: 308188 cord_uid: oid3n8qf file: cache/cord-312864-km07zhn1.json key: cord-312864-km07zhn1 authors: Potalivo, A.; Montomoli, J.; Facondini, F.; Sanson, G.; Lazzari Agli, L. A.; Perin, T.; Cristini, F.; Cavagna, E.; De Giovanni, R.; Biagetti, C.; Panzini, I.; Ravaiolo, C.; Bitondo, M.; Guerra, D.; Giuliani, G.; Mosconi, E.; Guarino, S.; Marchionni, E.; Gangitano, G.; Valentini, I.; Giampaolo, L.; Muratori, F.; Nardi, G. title: Sixty-day mortality among 520 Italian hospitalized COVID-19 patients according to the adopted ventilatory strategy in the context of an integrated multidisciplinary clinical organization: a population-based cohort study date: 2020-08-15 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.13.20174615 sha: doc_id: 312864 cord_uid: km07zhn1 file: cache/cord-316681-b46ycocg.json key: cord-316681-b46ycocg authors: Rutsaert, Lynn; Steinfort, Nicky; Van Hunsel, Tine; Bomans, Peter; Naesens, Reinout; Mertes, Helena; Dits, Hilde; Van Regenmortel, Niels title: COVID-19-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis date: 2020-06-01 journal: Ann Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s13613-020-00686-4 sha: doc_id: 316681 cord_uid: b46ycocg file: cache/cord-309294-ax6sr3zr.json key: cord-309294-ax6sr3zr authors: Garrigues, Eve; Janvier, Paul; Kherabi, Yousra; Bot, Audrey Le; Hamon, Antoine; Gouze, Hélène; Doucet, Lucile; Berkani, Sabryne; Oliosi, Emma; Mallard, Elise; Corre, Félix; Zarrouk, Virginie; Moyer, Jean-Denis; Galy, Adrien; Honsel, Vasco; Fantin, Bruno; Nguyen, Yann title: Post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life after hospitalization for COVID-19 date: 2020-08-25 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.029 sha: doc_id: 309294 cord_uid: ax6sr3zr file: cache/cord-311074-j3fw4dfc.json key: cord-311074-j3fw4dfc authors: Alviset, Sophie; Riller, Quentin; Aboab, Jérôme; Dilworth, Kelly; Billy, Pierre-Antoine; Lombardi, Yannis; Azzi, Mathilde; Ferreira Vargas, Luis; Laine, Laurent; Lermuzeaux, Mathilde; Mémain, Nathalie; Silva, Daniel; Tchoubou, Tona; Ushmorova, Daria; Dabbagh, Hanane; Escoda, Simon; Lefrançois, Rémi; Nardi, Annelyse; Ngima, Armand; Ioos, Vincent title: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) face-mask ventilation is an easy and cheap option to manage a massive influx of patients presenting acute respiratory failure during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-10-14 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240645 sha: doc_id: 311074 cord_uid: j3fw4dfc file: cache/cord-312467-kbhljong.json key: cord-312467-kbhljong authors: Boilève, Alice; Stoclin, Annabelle; Barlesi, Fabrice; Varin, Florent; Suria, Stéphanie; Rieutord, André; Blot, François; Netzer, Florence; Scotté, Florian title: COVID-19 management in a cancer center: the ICU storm date: 2020-07-31 journal: Support Care Cancer DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05658-9 sha: doc_id: 312467 cord_uid: kbhljong file: cache/cord-314349-rhm1ii3d.json key: cord-314349-rhm1ii3d authors: Kraft, Miquel; Pellino, Gianluca; Jofra, Mariona; Sorribas, Maria; Solís-Peña, Alejandro; Biondo, Sebastiano; Espín-Basany, Eloy title: Incidence, features, outcome and impact on health system of de-novo abdominal surgical diseases in patients admitted with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-28 journal: Surgeon DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2020.08.006 sha: doc_id: 314349 cord_uid: rhm1ii3d file: cache/cord-316647-jj8anf5g.json key: cord-316647-jj8anf5g authors: Shang, You; Pan, Chun; Yang, Xianghong; Zhong, Ming; Shang, Xiuling; Wu, Zhixiong; Yu, Zhui; Zhang, Wei; Zhong, Qiang; Zheng, Xia; Sang, Ling; Jiang, Li; Zhang, Jiancheng; Xiong, Wei; Liu, Jiao; Chen, Dechang title: Management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in ICU: statement from front-line intensive care experts in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-06 journal: Ann Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s13613-020-00689-1 sha: doc_id: 316647 cord_uid: jj8anf5g file: cache/cord-309733-x4crng5j.json key: cord-309733-x4crng5j authors: Dhesi, Z.; Enne, V. I.; Brealey, D.; Livermore, D. M.; High, J.; Russell, C.; Colles, A.; Kandil, H.; Mack, D.; Martin, D.; Page, V.; Parker, R.; Roulston, K.; Singh, S.; Wey, E.; Swart, A. M.; Stirling, S.; Barber, J. A.; O'Grady, J.; Gant, V. A. title: Organisms causing secondary pneumonias in COVID-19 patients at 5 UK ICUs as detected with the FilmArray test date: 2020-06-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.22.20131573 sha: doc_id: 309733 cord_uid: x4crng5j file: cache/cord-316938-64jxtg9y.json key: cord-316938-64jxtg9y authors: Blasi, Annabel; von Meijenfeldt, Fien A.; Adelmeijer, Jelle; Calvo, Andrea; Ibañez, Cristina; Perdomo, Juan; Carlos Reverter, Juan; Lisman, Ton title: In vitro hypercoagulability and ongoing in vivo activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis in COVID‐19 patients on anticoagulation date: 2020-08-06 journal: J Thromb Haemost DOI: 10.1111/jth.15043 sha: doc_id: 316938 cord_uid: 64jxtg9y file: cache/cord-314465-5beuvt8u.json key: cord-314465-5beuvt8u authors: Hardy, Michaël; Michaux, Isabelle; Lessire, Sarah; Douxfils, Jonathan; Dogné, Jean-Michel; Bareille, Marion; Horlait, Geoffrey; Bulpa, Pierre; Chapelle, Celine; Laporte, Silvy; Testa, Sophie; Jacqmin, Hugues; Lecompte, Thomas; Dive, Alain; Mullier, François title: Prothrombotic Hemostasis Disturbances in Patients with Severe COVID-19: Individual daily data date: 2020-11-10 journal: Data Brief DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106519 sha: doc_id: 314465 cord_uid: 5beuvt8u file: cache/cord-313980-jutof78v.json key: cord-313980-jutof78v authors: van de Veerdonk, F. L.; Janssen, N. A. F.; Grondman, I.; de Nooijer, A. H.; Koeken, V. A. C. M.; Matzaraki, V.; Boahen, C. K.; Kumar, V.; Kox, M.; Koenen, H. J. P. M.; Smeets, R. L.; Joosten, I.; Brampuumlggemann, R. J. M.; Kouijzer, I. J. E.; van der Hoeven, H. G.; Schouten, J. A.; Frenzel, T.; Reijers, M.; Hoefsloot, W.; Dofferhoff, A. S. M.; Kerckhoffs, A. P. M.; Blaauw, M. J. T.; Veerman, K.; Maas, C.; Schoneveld, A. H.; Hoefer, I. E.; Derde, L. P. G.; Willems, L.; Toonen, E.; van Deuren, M.; van der Meer, J. W. M.; van Crevel, R.; Giamarellos-Bourboulis, E. J.; Joosten, L. A. B.; He, van den title: A systems approach to inflammation identifies therapeutic targets in SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-05-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.23.20110916 sha: doc_id: 313980 cord_uid: jutof78v file: cache/cord-308677-dr9a3ug0.json key: cord-308677-dr9a3ug0 authors: Hall, William J. title: Benefits of Intensive Care Unit Hospitalization for Patients Older than 90 Years date: 2020-06-27 journal: J Am Geriatr Soc DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16626 sha: doc_id: 308677 cord_uid: dr9a3ug0 file: cache/cord-313028-0nhgxoim.json key: cord-313028-0nhgxoim authors: Huang, Chaolin; Wang, Yeming; Li, Xingwang; Ren, Lili; Zhao, Jianping; Hu, Yi; Zhang, Li; Fan, Guohui; Xu, Jiuyang; Gu, Xiaoying; Cheng, Zhenshun; Yu, Ting; Xia, Jiaan; Wei, Yuan; Wu, Wenjuan; Xie, Xuelei; Yin, Wen; Li, Hui; Liu, Min; Xiao, Yan; Gao, Hong; Guo, Li; Xie, Jungang; Wang, Guangfa; Jiang, Rongmeng; Gao, Zhancheng; Jin, Qi; Wang, Jianwei; Cao, Bin title: Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China date: 2020-01-24 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5 sha: doc_id: 313028 cord_uid: 0nhgxoim file: cache/cord-316504-od7zex3f.json key: cord-316504-od7zex3f authors: Savary, D.; Lesimple, A.; Beloncle, F.; Morin, F.; Templier, F.; Broc, A.; Brochard, L.; Richard, J.-C.; Mercat, A. title: Reliability and limits of transport-ventilators to safely ventilate severe patients in special surge situations. date: 2020-10-09 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.07.20208561 sha: doc_id: 316504 cord_uid: od7zex3f file: cache/cord-314826-usfvulc2.json key: cord-314826-usfvulc2 authors: Sharifipour, Ehsan; Shams, Saeed; Esmkhani, Mohammad; Khodadadi, Javad; Fotouhi-Ardakani, Reza; Koohpaei, Alireza; Doosti, Zahra; EJ Golzari, Samad title: Evaluation of bacterial co-infections of the respiratory tract in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU date: 2020-09-01 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05374-z sha: doc_id: 314826 cord_uid: usfvulc2 file: cache/cord-315143-s0nfejq8.json key: cord-315143-s0nfejq8 authors: Kumar, Abhyuday title: COVID-19 pandemic and the need for objective criteria for ICU admissions date: 2020-06-01 journal: J Clin Anesth DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109945 sha: doc_id: 315143 cord_uid: s0nfejq8 file: cache/cord-315864-zadogqiu.json key: cord-315864-zadogqiu authors: Davido, Benjamin; Boussaid, Ghilas; Vaugier, Isabelle; Lansaman, Thibaud; Bouchand, Frédérique; Lawrence, Christine; Alvarez, Jean-Claude; Moine, Pierre; Perronne, Véronique; Barbot, Frédéric; Saleh-Mghir, Azzam; Perronne, Christian; Annane, Djillali; De Truchis, Pierre title: nImpact of medical care including anti-infective agents use on the prognosis of COVID-19 hospitalized patients over time date: 2020-08-02 journal: Int J Antimicrob Agents DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106129 sha: doc_id: 315864 cord_uid: zadogqiu file: cache/cord-316829-wm6y6uwm.json key: cord-316829-wm6y6uwm authors: Vargas, Maria; De Marco, Giuseppe; De Simone, Stefania; Servillo, Giuseppe title: Logistic and organizational aspects of a dedicated intensive care unit for COVID-19 patients date: 2020-05-18 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-02955-x sha: doc_id: 316829 cord_uid: wm6y6uwm file: cache/cord-318954-pj5lsvsa.json key: cord-318954-pj5lsvsa authors: Arabi, Yaseen; Balkhy, Hanan; Hajeer, Ali H.; Bouchama, Abderrezak; Hayden, Frederick G.; Al-Omari, Awad; Al-Hameed, Fahad M.; Taha, Yusri; Shindo, Nahoko; Whitehead, John; Merson, Laura; AlJohani, Sameera; Al-Khairy, Khalid; Carson, Gail; Luke, Thomas C.; Hensley, Lisa; Al-Dawood, Abdulaziz; Al-Qahtani, Saad; Modjarrad, Kayvon; Sadat, Musharaf; Rohde, Gernot; Leport, Catherine; Fowler, Robert title: Feasibility, safety, clinical, and laboratory effects of convalescent plasma therapy for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a study protocol date: 2015-11-19 journal: Springerplus DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1490-9 sha: doc_id: 318954 cord_uid: pj5lsvsa file: cache/cord-314737-2fun90ze.json key: cord-314737-2fun90ze authors: Cardoso, Filipe S.; Papoila, Ana L.; Machado, Rita Sá; Fidalgo, Pedro title: Age, sex, and comorbidities predict ICU admission or mortality in cases with SARS-CoV2 infection: a population-based cohort study date: 2020-07-28 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03173-1 sha: doc_id: 314737 cord_uid: 2fun90ze file: cache/cord-319642-ceur0n0b.json key: cord-319642-ceur0n0b authors: Hamdan Alshehri, Hanan; Olausson, Sepideh; Öhlén, Joakim; Wolf, Axel title: Factors influencing the integration of a palliative approach in intensive care units: a systematic mixed-methods review date: 2020-07-22 journal: BMC Palliat Care DOI: 10.1186/s12904-020-00616-y sha: doc_id: 319642 cord_uid: ceur0n0b file: cache/cord-319615-p2labgd8.json key: cord-319615-p2labgd8 authors: Schulman, Sam title: Coronavirus Disease 2019, Prothrombotic Factors, and Venous Thromboembolism date: 2020-05-11 journal: Semin Thromb Hemost DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710337 sha: doc_id: 319615 cord_uid: p2labgd8 file: cache/cord-321472-n4nnmlv1.json key: cord-321472-n4nnmlv1 authors: Oliveira, E.; Parikh, A.; Lopez-Ruiz, A.; Carrillo, M.; Goldberg, J.; Cearras, M.; Fernainy, K.; Andersen, S.; Mercado, L.; Guan, J.; Zafar, H.; Louzon, P.; Carr, A.; Baloch, N.; Pratley, R.; Silvestry, S.; Hsu, V.; Sniffen, J.; Herrera, V.; Finkler, N. title: ICU Outcomes and Survival in Patients with Severe COVID-19 in the Largest Health Care System in Central Florida date: 2020-08-31 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.25.20181909 sha: doc_id: 321472 cord_uid: n4nnmlv1 file: cache/cord-321149-hffj7s4o.json key: cord-321149-hffj7s4o authors: Schmidt, Matthieu; Hajage, David; Lebreton, Guillaume; Monsel, Antoine; Voiriot, Guillaume; Levy, David; Baron, Elodie; Beurton, Alexandra; Chommeloux, Juliette; Meng, Paris; Nemlaghi, Safaa; Bay, Pierre; Leprince, Pascal; Demoule, Alexandre; Guidet, Bertrand; Constantin, Jean Michel; Fartoukh, Muriel; Dres, Martin; Combes, Alain; Luyt, Charles-Edouard; Hekimian, Guillaume; Brechot, Nicolas; Pineton de Chambrun, Marc; Desnos, Cyrielle; Arzoine, Jeremy; Guerin, Emmanuelle; Schoell, Thibaut; Demondion, Pierre; Juvin, Charles; Nardonne, Nathalie; Marin, Sofica; D'Alessandro, Cossimo; Nguyen, Bao-Long; Quemeneur, Cyril; James, Arthur; Assefi, Mona; Lepere, Victoria; Savary, Guillaume; Gibelin, Aude; Turpin, Matthieu; Elabbadi, Alexandre; Berti, Enora; Vezinet, Corinne; Bonvallot, Harold; Delmotte, Pierre-Romain; De Sarcus, Martin; Du Fayet De La Tour, Charlotte; Abbas, Samia; Maury, Eric; Baudel, Jean-Luc; Lavillegrand, Jean-Remi; Ait Oufella, Hafid; Abdelkrim, Abdelmalek; Urbina, Thomas; Virolle, Sara; Deleris, Robin; Bonny, Vincent; Le Marec, Julien; Mayaux, Julien; Morawiec, Elise title: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-08-13 journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30328-3 sha: doc_id: 321149 cord_uid: hffj7s4o file: cache/cord-325021-rv5fsitx.json key: cord-325021-rv5fsitx authors: Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto; Battaglini, Denise; Ball, Lorenzo; Brunetti, Iole; Bruzzone, Bianca; Codda, Giulia; Crea, Francesca; De Maria, Andrea; Dentone, Chiara; Di Biagio, Antonio; Icardi, Giancarlo; Magnasco, Laura; Marchese, Anna; Mikulska, Malgorzata; Orsi, Andrea; Patroniti, Nicolò; Robba, Chiara; Signori, Alessio; Taramasso, Lucia; Vena, Antonio; Pelosi, Paolo; Bassetti, Matteo title: Bloodstream infections in critically ill patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-14 journal: Eur J Clin Invest DOI: 10.1111/eci.13319 sha: doc_id: 325021 cord_uid: rv5fsitx file: cache/cord-318920-njurbf3d.json key: cord-318920-njurbf3d authors: Romana Ponziani, Francesca; Del Zompo, Fabio; Nesci, Antonio; Santopaolo, Francesco; Ianiro, Gianluca; Pompili, Maurizio; Gasbarrini, Antonio title: Liver involvement is not associated with mortality: results from a large cohort of SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients date: 2020-07-06 journal: Aliment Pharmacol Ther DOI: 10.1111/apt.15996 sha: doc_id: 318920 cord_uid: njurbf3d file: cache/cord-318984-8m9ygzn5.json key: cord-318984-8m9ygzn5 authors: Chen, Yin-Yin; Chen, Liang-Yu; Lin, Seng-Yi; Chou, Pesus; Liao, Shu-Yuan; Wang, Fu-Der title: Surveillance on secular trends of incidence and mortality for device–associated infection in the intensive care unit setting at a tertiary medical center in Taiwan, 2000–2008: A retrospective observational study date: 2012-09-10 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-209 sha: doc_id: 318984 cord_uid: 8m9ygzn5 file: cache/cord-320572-94fvtj4a.json key: cord-320572-94fvtj4a authors: Wendel Garcia, Pedro David; Fumeaux, Thierry; Guerci, Philippe; Heuberger, Dorothea Monika; Montomoli, Jonathan; Roche-Campo, Ferran; Schuepbach, Reto Andreas; Hilty, Matthias Peter title: Prognostic factors associated with mortality risk and disease progression in 639 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Europe: Initial report of the international RISC-19-ICU prospective observational cohort date: 2020-07-06 journal: EClinicalMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100449 sha: doc_id: 320572 cord_uid: 94fvtj4a file: cache/cord-319427-jkxioc1j.json key: cord-319427-jkxioc1j authors: Mughal, Mohsin Sheraz; Kaur, Ikwinder Preet; Patton, Chandler D.; Mikhail, Nagy H.; Vareechon, Chairut; Granet, Kenneth M. title: The prevalence of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG antibodies in intensive care unit (ICU) healthcare personnel (HCP) and its implications—a single-center, prospective, pilot study date: 2020-06-12 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.298 sha: doc_id: 319427 cord_uid: jkxioc1j file: cache/cord-323180-3ih0i81s.json key: cord-323180-3ih0i81s authors: Pardo, Emmanuel; Constantin, Jean-Michel; Bonnet, Francis; Verdonk, Franck title: Nutritional support for critically ill patients with COVID-19: New strategy for a new disease? date: 2020-10-12 journal: Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.10.002 sha: doc_id: 323180 cord_uid: 3ih0i81s file: cache/cord-325201-yoy7kdli.json key: cord-325201-yoy7kdli authors: Timsit, Jean-François; Perner, Anders; Bakker, Jan; Bassetti, Matteo; Benoit, Dominique; Cecconi, Maurizio; Randall Curtis, J.; Doig, Gordon S.; Herridge, Margaret; Jaber, Samir; Joannidis, Michael; Papazian, Laurent; Peters, Mark J.; Singer, Pierre; Smith, Martin; Soares, Marcio; Torres, Antoni; Vieillard-Baron, Antoine; Citerio, Giuseppe; Azoulay, Elie title: Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine 2014: III. Severe infections, septic shock, healthcare-associated infections, highly resistant bacteria, invasive fungal infections, severe viral infections, Ebola virus disease and paediatrics date: 2015-03-26 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-015-3755-8 sha: doc_id: 325201 cord_uid: yoy7kdli file: cache/cord-322533-adqqm0n9.json key: cord-322533-adqqm0n9 authors: Sha, Dexuan; Miao, Xin; Lan, Hai; Stewart, Kathleen; Ruan, Shiyang; Tian, Yifei; Tian, Yuyang; Yang, Chaowei title: Spatiotemporal analysis of medical resource deficiencies in the U.S. under COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-14 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240348 sha: doc_id: 322533 cord_uid: adqqm0n9 file: cache/cord-325599-2gutb4m1.json key: cord-325599-2gutb4m1 authors: Lapidus, Nathanael; Zhou, Xianlong; Carrat, Fabrice; Riou, Bruno; Zhao, Yan; Hejblum, Gilles title: Biased and unbiased estimation of the average length of stay in intensive care units in the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-16 journal: Ann Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s13613-020-00749-6 sha: doc_id: 325599 cord_uid: 2gutb4m1 file: cache/cord-321735-c40m2o5l.json key: cord-321735-c40m2o5l authors: Manca, Davide; Caldiroli, Dario; Storti, Enrico title: A simplified math approach to predict ICU beds and mortality rate for hospital emergency planning under Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-04 journal: Comput Chem Eng DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2020.106945 sha: doc_id: 321735 cord_uid: c40m2o5l file: cache/cord-324764-w68y4fjw.json key: cord-324764-w68y4fjw authors: Rodriguez-Rubio, Miguel; Camporesi, Anna; de la Oliva, Pedro title: The Role of the Pediatric Intensivist in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-05-20 journal: Pediatr Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002433 sha: doc_id: 324764 cord_uid: w68y4fjw file: cache/cord-326315-ncfxlnpj.json key: cord-326315-ncfxlnpj authors: Cillóniz, Catia; Ewig, Santiago; Ferrer, Miquel; Polverino, Eva; Gabarrús, Albert; Puig de la Bellacasa, Jorge; Mensa, Josep; Torres, Antoni title: Community-acquired polymicrobial pneumonia in the intensive care unit: aetiology and prognosis date: 2011-09-14 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/cc10444 sha: doc_id: 326315 cord_uid: ncfxlnpj file: cache/cord-323898-054gv684.json key: cord-323898-054gv684 authors: Khan, Anas A.; AlRuthia, Yazed; Balkhi, Bander; Alghadeer, Sultan M.; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Althunayyan, Saqer M.; Alsofayan, Yousef M. title: Survival and Estimation of Direct Medical Costs of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Short Title: COVID-19 Survival and Cost in Saudi Arabia) date: 2020-10-13 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207458 sha: doc_id: 323898 cord_uid: 054gv684 file: cache/cord-322167-cpjkltsu.json key: cord-322167-cpjkltsu authors: Stubington, Thomas J.; Mallick, Ali S.; Garas, Georgios; Stubington, Emma; Reddy, Chetan; Mansuri, Mohammed S. title: Tracheotomy in COVID‐19 patients: Optimizing patient selection and identifying prognostic indicators date: 2020-05-22 journal: Head Neck DOI: 10.1002/hed.26280 sha: doc_id: 322167 cord_uid: cpjkltsu file: cache/cord-325290-hbzbyqi4.json key: cord-325290-hbzbyqi4 authors: Payne, Anna; Rahman, Rafid; Bullingham, Roberta; Vamadeva, Sarita; Alfa-Wali, Maryam title: Redeployment of surgical trainees to intensive care during the COVID-19 pandemic: evaluation of the impact on training and wellbeing date: 2020-09-14 journal: J Surg Educ DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.09.009 sha: doc_id: 325290 cord_uid: hbzbyqi4 file: cache/cord-324869-f14n0hk6.json key: cord-324869-f14n0hk6 authors: Khan, Hafiz Muhammad Waqas; Parikh, Niraj; Megala, Shady Maher; Predeteanu, George Silviu title: Unusual Early Recovery of a Critical COVID-19 Patient After Administration of Intravenous Vitamin C date: 2020-07-25 journal: Am J Case Rep DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.925521 sha: doc_id: 324869 cord_uid: f14n0hk6 file: cache/cord-322243-5js5nudx.json key: cord-322243-5js5nudx authors: Mac, S.; Barrett, K.; Khan, Y. A.; Naimark, D. M.; Rosella, L.; Ximenes, R.; Sander, B. title: COVID-19 Demographics, Acute Care Resource Use and Mortality by Age and Sex in Ontario, Canada: Population-based Retrospective Cohort Analysis date: 2020-11-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.04.20225474 sha: doc_id: 322243 cord_uid: 5js5nudx file: cache/cord-326644-5war06j2.json key: cord-326644-5war06j2 authors: Supino, M.; d'Onofrio, A.; Luongo, F.; Occhipinti, G.; Dal Co, A. title: World governments should protect their population from COVID-19 pandemic using Italy and Lombardy as precursor date: 2020-03-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.25.20042713 sha: doc_id: 326644 cord_uid: 5war06j2 file: cache/cord-325700-f102uk2m.json key: cord-325700-f102uk2m authors: Fraser, Douglas D.; Slessarev, Marat; Martin, Claudio M.; Daley, Mark; Patel, Maitray A.; Miller, Michael R.; Patterson, Eric K.; O’Gorman, David B.; Gill, Sean E.; Wishart, David S.; Mandal, Rupasri; Cepinskas, Gediminas title: Metabolomics Profiling of Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients: Identification of Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers date: 2020-10-21 journal: Crit Care Explor DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000272 sha: doc_id: 325700 cord_uid: f102uk2m file: cache/cord-325941-1sogg526.json key: cord-325941-1sogg526 authors: Komaru, Yohei; Doi, Kent; Nangaku, Masaomi title: Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-08-20 journal: Crit Care Explor DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000181 sha: doc_id: 325941 cord_uid: 1sogg526 file: cache/cord-327032-4bet4e8l.json key: cord-327032-4bet4e8l authors: Khan, S. H.; Lindroth, H.; Perkins, A. J.; Jamil, Y.; Wang, S.; Roberts, S.; Farber, M. O.; Rahman, O.; Gao, S.; Marcantonio, E. R.; Boustani, M.; Machado, R.; Khan, B. A. title: Delirium Incidence, Duration and Severity in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.31.20118679 sha: doc_id: 327032 cord_uid: 4bet4e8l file: cache/cord-325649-zzhsrytw.json key: cord-325649-zzhsrytw authors: Rispoli, Rossella; Diamond, Mathew E.; Balsano, Massimo; Cappelletto, Barbara title: Spine surgery in Italy in the COVID-19 era: Proposal for assessing and responding to the regional state of emergency date: 2020-08-07 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.001 sha: doc_id: 325649 cord_uid: zzhsrytw file: cache/cord-325664-9ool5z9s.json key: cord-325664-9ool5z9s authors: Immovilli, Paolo; Morelli, Nicola; Antonucci, Elio; Radaelli, Guido; Barbera, Mario; Guidetti, Donata title: COVID-19 mortality and ICU admission: the Italian experience date: 2020-05-15 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-02957-9 sha: doc_id: 325664 cord_uid: 9ool5z9s file: cache/cord-326272-ya3r0h1t.json key: cord-326272-ya3r0h1t authors: Dobesh, Paul P.; Trujillo, Toby C. title: Coagulopathy, Venous Thromboembolism, and Anticoagulation in Patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-10-01 journal: Pharmacotherapy DOI: 10.1002/phar.2465 sha: doc_id: 326272 cord_uid: ya3r0h1t file: cache/cord-326532-2ehuuvnx.json key: cord-326532-2ehuuvnx authors: Götzinger, Florian; Santiago-García, Begoña; Noguera-Julián, Antoni; Lanaspa, Miguel; Lancella, Laura; Calò Carducci, Francesca I; Gabrovska, Natalia; Velizarova, Svetlana; Prunk, Petra; Osterman, Veronika; Krivec, Uros; Lo Vecchio, Andrea; Shingadia, Delane; Soriano-Arandes, Antoni; Melendo, Susana; Lanari, Marcello; Pierantoni, Luca; Wagner, Noémie; L'Huillier, Arnaud G; Heininger, Ulrich; Ritz, Nicole; Bandi, Srini; Krajcar, Nina; Roglić, Srđan; Santos, Mar; Christiaens, Christelle; Creuven, Marine; Buonsenso, Danilo; Welch, Steven B; Bogyi, Matthias; Brinkmann, Folke; Tebruegge, Marc title: COVID-19 in children and adolescents in Europe: a multinational, multicentre cohort study date: 2020-06-25 journal: Lancet Child Adolesc Health DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30177-2 sha: doc_id: 326532 cord_uid: 2ehuuvnx file: cache/cord-326989-l8nfd03a.json key: cord-326989-l8nfd03a authors: Cammarota, Gianmaria; Ragazzoni, Luca; Capuzzi, Fabio; Pulvirenti, Simone; De Vita, Nello; Santangelo, Erminio; Verdina, Federico; Grossi, Francesca; Vaschetto, Rosanna; Della Corte, Francesco title: Critical Care Surge Capacity to Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: A Rapid and Affordable Solution in the Novara Hospital date: 2020-05-19 journal: Prehospital and disaster medicine DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x20000692 sha: doc_id: 326989 cord_uid: l8nfd03a file: cache/cord-329996-f2hxpat3.json key: cord-329996-f2hxpat3 authors: Wahlster, Sarah; Sharma, Monisha; Lewis, Ariane K.; Patel, Pratik V.; Hartog, Christiane; Jannotta, Gemi; Blissitt, Patricia; Kross, Erin K.; Kassebaum, Nicholas J.; Greer, David M.; Curtis, J. Randall; Creutzfeldt, Claire J. title: The COVID-19 Pandemic’s Impact on Critical Care Resources and Providers: A Global Survey date: 2020-09-11 journal: Chest DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.09.070 sha: doc_id: 329996 cord_uid: f2hxpat3 file: cache/cord-328948-m5h2hgpb.json key: cord-328948-m5h2hgpb authors: Wang, Hanyin; Poehler, Jessica L.; Ziegler, Jenna L.; Weiler, Chad C.; Khan, Syed Anjum title: Patient Care Rounds in the Intensive Care Unit During COVID-19 date: 2020-07-04 journal: Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjq.2020.06.006 sha: doc_id: 328948 cord_uid: m5h2hgpb file: cache/cord-326708-92lsnv4g.json key: cord-326708-92lsnv4g authors: Craig, J.; Kalanxhi, E.; Osena, G.; Frost, I. title: Estimating critical care capacity needs and gaps in Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.02.20120147 sha: doc_id: 326708 cord_uid: 92lsnv4g file: cache/cord-331481-zeaqi1uc.json key: cord-331481-zeaqi1uc authors: Al-Ani, Fatimah; Chehade, Samer; Lazo-Langner, Alejandro title: Thrombosis risk associated with COVID-19 infection. A scoping review date: 2020-05-27 journal: Thromb Res DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.05.039 sha: doc_id: 331481 cord_uid: zeaqi1uc file: cache/cord-332979-eln7n6zb.json key: cord-332979-eln7n6zb authors: Ciminelli, G.; Garcia-Mandico, S. title: How Emergency Care Congestion Increases Covid-19 Mortality: Evidence from Lombardy, Italy date: 2020-10-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.27.20221085 sha: doc_id: 332979 cord_uid: eln7n6zb file: cache/cord-327452-fl7yrpzs.json key: cord-327452-fl7yrpzs authors: Sayde, George; Stefanescu, Andrei; Conrad, Erich; Nielsen, Nathan; Hammer, Rachel title: Implementing an intensive care unit (ICU) diary program at a Large Academic Medical Center: Results from a randomized control trial evaluating psychological morbidity associated with critical illness date: 2020-07-02 journal: Gen Hosp Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.06.017 sha: doc_id: 327452 cord_uid: fl7yrpzs file: cache/cord-329727-h47q76y8.json key: cord-329727-h47q76y8 authors: Sisó-Almirall, Antoni; Kostov, Belchin; Mas-Heredia, Minerva; Vilanova-Rotllan, Sergi; Sequeira-Aymar, Ethel; Sans-Corrales, Mireia; Sant-Arderiu, Elisenda; Cayuelas-Redondo, Laia; Martínez-Pérez, Angela; García-Plana, Noemí; Anguita-Guimet, August; Benavent-Àreu, Jaume title: Prognostic factors in Spanish COVID-19 patients: A case series from Barcelona date: 2020-08-21 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237960 sha: doc_id: 329727 cord_uid: h47q76y8 file: cache/cord-331369-q7opbz7v.json key: cord-331369-q7opbz7v authors: Alharthy, Abdulrahman; Faqihi, Fahad; Mhawish, Huda; Balhamar, Abdullah; Memish, Ziad A.; Karakitsos, Dimitrios title: Configuring a hospital in the COVID-19 era by integrating crisis management logistics date: 2020-07-23 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.365 sha: doc_id: 331369 cord_uid: q7opbz7v file: cache/cord-331500-l3hkn2li.json key: cord-331500-l3hkn2li authors: Luyt, Charles-Edouard; Bouadma, Lila; Morris, Andrew Conway; Dhanani, Jayesh A.; Kollef, Marin; Lipman, Jeffrey; Martin-Loeches, Ignacio; Nseir, Saad; Ranzani, Otavio T.; Roquilly, Antoine; Schmidt, Matthieu; Torres, Antoni; Timsit, Jean-François title: Pulmonary infections complicating ARDS date: 2020-11-11 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06292-z sha: doc_id: 331500 cord_uid: l3hkn2li file: cache/cord-329098-vefgi5h6.json key: cord-329098-vefgi5h6 authors: BANI-SADR, Firouzé; HENTZIEN, Maxime; PASCARD, Madeline; N'GUYEN, Yohan; SERVETTAZ, Amélie; ANDREOLETTI, Laurent; KANAGARATNAM, Lukshe; JOLLY, Damien title: Corticosteroid therapy for patients with CoVID-19 pneumonia: a before-after study date: 2020-07-04 journal: Int J Antimicrob Agents DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106077 sha: doc_id: 329098 cord_uid: vefgi5h6 file: cache/cord-332074-s824m91f.json key: cord-332074-s824m91f authors: Caillet, Anaëlle; Coste, Charlotte; Sanchez, Rocio; Allaouchiche, Bernard title: Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on ICU Caregivers date: 2020-09-29 journal: Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.08.006 sha: doc_id: 332074 cord_uid: s824m91f file: cache/cord-333146-d55kybmz.json key: cord-333146-d55kybmz authors: Sedes, P. Rascado; Sanz, M.Á. Ballesteros; Saera, M. A. Bodí; RodríguezRey, L. F. Carrasco; Ortega, Á. Castellanos; González, M. Catalán; López, C. de Haro; Santos, E. Díaz; Barcena, A. Escriba; Mera, M. J. Frade; Cano, J. C. Igeño; Delgado, M. C. Martín; Estalella, G. Martínez; Raimondi, N.; Gas, O. Roca i; Oviedo, A. Rodríguez; Pío, E. Romero San; Álvarez, J. Trenado; Raurell, M.; Ferrer Roca, Ricard; Castellanos Ortega, Álvaro; Trenado Álvarez, Josep; Tesorero, Virginia Fraile Gutiérrez; Tejedor, Alberto Hernández; Gutiérrez, Manuel Herrera; Ramírez Galleymore, Paula; Sanz, M. Ángeles Ballesteros; Sedes, Pedro Rascado; de la Oliva Calvo, Leire López; Delgado, María Cruz Martín; Torredá, Marta Raurell; Barrio Linares, Miriam del; García, Marta Romero; García, María Teresa Ruiz; Hito, María Pilar Delgado; Mondéjar, Juan José Rodríguez; Arroyo, Carmen Moreno; Arribas, Alicia San José; Mera, María Jesús Frade title: Contingency Plan for the Intensive Care Services for the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.enfie.2020.03.002 sha: doc_id: 333146 cord_uid: d55kybmz file: cache/cord-332180-dw4h69tp.json key: cord-332180-dw4h69tp authors: Cheng, Fu-Yuan; Joshi, Himanshu; Tandon, Pranai; Freeman, Robert; Reich, David L; Mazumdar, Madhu; Kohli-Seth, Roopa; Levin, Matthew A.; Timsina, Prem; Kia, Arash title: Using Machine Learning to Predict ICU Transfer in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-06-01 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061668 sha: doc_id: 332180 cord_uid: dw4h69tp file: cache/cord-334367-w96iqo6q.json key: cord-334367-w96iqo6q authors: Devlin, John W.; O’Neal, Hollis R.; Thomas, Christopher; Barnes Daly, Mary Ann; Stollings, Joanna L.; Janz, David R.; Ely, E. Wesley; Lin, John C. title: Strategies to Optimize ICU Liberation (A to F) Bundle Performance in Critically Ill Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-06-12 journal: Crit Care Explor DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000139 sha: doc_id: 334367 cord_uid: w96iqo6q file: cache/cord-335033-cwhm7v0s.json key: cord-335033-cwhm7v0s authors: Vergano, Marco; Bertolini, Guido; Giannini, Alberto; Gristina, Giuseppe R.; Livigni, Sergio; Mistraletti, Giovanni; Riccioni, Luigi; Petrini, Flavia title: Clinical ethics recommendations for the allocation of intensive care treatments in exceptional, resource-limited circumstances: the Italian perspective during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-04-22 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-02891-w sha: doc_id: 335033 cord_uid: cwhm7v0s file: cache/cord-334834-qg23x2pw.json key: cord-334834-qg23x2pw authors: Marshall, Andrea P.; Austin, Danielle E.; Chamberlain, Di; Chapple, Lee-anne S.; Cree, Michele; Fetterplace, Kate; Foster, Michelle; Freeman–Sanderson, Amy; Fyfe, Rachel; Grealy, Bernadette A.; Hodak, Alison; Holley, Anthony; Kruger, Peter; Kucharski, Geraldine; Pollock, Wendy; Ridley, Emma; Stewart, Penny; Thomas, Peter; Torresi, Kym; Williams, Linda title: A critical care pandemic staffing framework in Australia date: 2020-10-08 journal: Aust Crit Care DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2020.08.007 sha: doc_id: 334834 cord_uid: qg23x2pw file: cache/cord-329713-dqmvpqtd.json key: cord-329713-dqmvpqtd authors: Pasin, Laura; Sella, Nicolò; Correale, Christelle; Boscolo, Annalisa; Rosi, Paolo; Saia, Mario; Mantoan, Domenico; Navalesi, Paolo title: Regional COVID-19 Network for Coordination of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Veneto, Italy date: 2020-05-15 journal: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.05.005 sha: doc_id: 329713 cord_uid: dqmvpqtd file: cache/cord-335894-6m0nnufu.json key: cord-335894-6m0nnufu authors: Ceriello, Antonio; Standl, Eberhard; Catrinoiu, Doina; Itzhak, Baruch; Lalic, Nebojsa M.; Rahelic, Dario; Schnell, Oliver; Škrha, Jan; Valensi, Paul title: Issues for the management of people with diabetes and COVID-19 in ICU date: 2020-07-20 journal: Cardiovasc Diabetol DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01089-2 sha: doc_id: 335894 cord_uid: 6m0nnufu file: cache/cord-335927-sbou89vg.json key: cord-335927-sbou89vg authors: González-Calle, David; Villacorta, Eduardo; Sánchez-Serrano, Amparo; León, Marta; Sanchez, Pedro L. title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 Intermediate Care Units: Containing Escalation of ICUs date: 2020-08-25 journal: Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004602 sha: doc_id: 335927 cord_uid: sbou89vg file: cache/cord-335977-f00758o2.json key: cord-335977-f00758o2 authors: Martin-Loeches, I.; Lisboa, T.; Rhodes, A.; Moreno, R. P.; Silva, E.; Sprung, C.; Chiche, J. D.; Barahona, D.; Villabon, M.; Balasini, C.; Pearse, R. M.; Matos, R.; Rello, J. title: Use of early corticosteroid therapy on ICU admission in patients affected by severe pandemic (H1N1)v influenza A infection date: 2010-11-24 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-010-2078-z sha: doc_id: 335977 cord_uid: f00758o2 file: cache/cord-337917-vvvo5t4h.json key: cord-337917-vvvo5t4h authors: Tempe, Dr. Deepak K.; Khilnani, Dr. Gopi C.; Passey, Dr. J.C.; Sherwal, Dr. BL title: Challenges in Preparing and managing the critical care services for a large urban area during COVID-19 outbreak: Perspective from Delhi date: 2020-05-26 journal: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.05.028 sha: doc_id: 337917 cord_uid: vvvo5t4h file: cache/cord-335351-8hdok02n.json key: cord-335351-8hdok02n authors: Hashmi, Muhammad Daniyal; Alnababteh, Muhtadi; Vedantam, Karthik; Alunikummannil, Jojo; Oweis, Emil S.; Shorr, Andrew F. title: Assessing the need for transfer to the intensive care unit for Coronavirus-19 disease: Epidemiology and risk factors date: 2020-10-27 journal: Respir Med DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106203 sha: doc_id: 335351 cord_uid: 8hdok02n file: cache/cord-337705-snwktcz5.json key: cord-337705-snwktcz5 authors: Bansal, Agam; Singh, Achintya D.; Jain, Vardhmaan; Aggarwal, Manik; Gupta, Samiksha; Padappayil, Rana Prathap; Nadeem, Mahum; Joshi, Sonya; Mian, Agrima; Greathouse, Tyler; Wells, David; Gupta, Mohak; Khan, Muhammad Zarrar title: The Association of D-dimers with Mortality, Intensive Care Unit admission or Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients Hospitalized with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-09-18 journal: Heart Lung DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.08.024 sha: doc_id: 337705 cord_uid: snwktcz5 file: cache/cord-336395-v157jzvv.json key: cord-336395-v157jzvv authors: Battaglini, Denise; Robba, Chiara; Caiffa, Salvatore; Ball, Lorenzo; Brunetti, Iole; Loconte, Maurizio; Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto; Vena, Antonio; Patroniti, Nicolò; Bassetti, Matteo; Torres, Antoni; Rocco, Patricia RM; Pelosi, Paolo title: Chest physiotherapy: an important adjuvant in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-17 journal: Respir Physiol Neurobiol DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103529 sha: doc_id: 336395 cord_uid: v157jzvv file: cache/cord-337499-jzpgtkai.json key: cord-337499-jzpgtkai authors: Yong Choi, Sung; Shin, Joongbo; Park, Woori; Choi, Nayeon; Sei Kim, Jong; i Choi, Chan; Ko, Jae-Hoon; Ryang Chung, Chi; Son, Young-Ik; Jeong, Han-Sin title: Safe surgical tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A protocol based on experiences with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and COVID-19 outbreaks in South Korea date: 2020-06-17 journal: Oral Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104861 sha: doc_id: 337499 cord_uid: jzpgtkai file: cache/cord-338531-hsh9425f.json key: cord-338531-hsh9425f authors: Harris, Gavin H.; Baldisseri, Marie R.; Reynolds, Benjamin R.; Orsino, Antoinette S.; Sackrowitz, Rachel; Bishop, Jonathan M. title: Design for Implementation of a System-Level ICU Pandemic Surge Staffing Plan date: 2020-06-15 journal: Crit Care Explor DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000136 sha: doc_id: 338531 cord_uid: hsh9425f file: cache/cord-339015-qn8wbnlw.json key: cord-339015-qn8wbnlw authors: Kayingo, Gerald title: Bacteria and Viruses: The Bogeymen in the Intensive Care Unit date: 2019-03-06 journal: Physician Assist Clin DOI: 10.1016/j.cpha.2018.11.003 sha: doc_id: 339015 cord_uid: qn8wbnlw file: cache/cord-339695-3ij5pjjy.json key: cord-339695-3ij5pjjy authors: Nopp, Stephan; Moik, Florian; Jilma, Bernd; Pabinger, Ingrid; Ay, Cihan title: Risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis date: 2020-09-25 journal: Res Pract Thromb Haemost DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12439 sha: doc_id: 339695 cord_uid: 3ij5pjjy file: cache/cord-338403-mfde6juv.json key: cord-338403-mfde6juv authors: Li, Bo; Yang, Jing; Zhao, Faming; Zhi, Lili; Wang, Xiqian; Liu, Lin; Bi, Zhaohui; Zhao, Yunhe title: Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China date: 2020-03-11 journal: Clin Res Cardiol DOI: 10.1007/s00392-020-01626-9 sha: doc_id: 338403 cord_uid: mfde6juv file: cache/cord-341088-bqdvx458.json key: cord-341088-bqdvx458 authors: Rice, Ken; Wynne, Ben; Martin, Victoria; Ackland, Graeme J title: Effect of school closures on mortality from coronavirus disease 2019: old and new predictions date: 2020-10-07 journal: BMJ DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m3588 sha: doc_id: 341088 cord_uid: bqdvx458 file: cache/cord-336973-z8mwzmf6.json key: cord-336973-z8mwzmf6 authors: Rubulotta, Francesca; Soliman-Aboumarie, Hatem; Filbey, Kevin; Geldner, Goetz; Kuck, Kai; Ganau, Mario; Hemmerling, Thomas M. title: In Response date: 2020-07-14 journal: Anesth Analg DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005121 sha: doc_id: 336973 cord_uid: z8mwzmf6 file: cache/cord-339478-v7by6dnp.json key: cord-339478-v7by6dnp authors: Kessler, Remi A.; Oermann, Eric K.; Dangayach, Neha S.; Bederson, Joshua; Mocco, J.; Shrivastava, Raj K. title: Changes in Neurosurgery Resident Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Institutional Experience from a Global Epicenter date: 2020-05-08 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.04.244 sha: doc_id: 339478 cord_uid: v7by6dnp file: cache/cord-335802-1kiqfy68.json key: cord-335802-1kiqfy68 authors: Azoulay, Elie; Fartoukh, Muriel; Darmon, Michael; Géri, Guillaume; Voiriot, Guillaume; Dupont, Thibault; Zafrani, Lara; Girodias, Lola; Labbé, Vincent; Dres, Martin; Beurton, Alexandra; Vieillard-Baron, Antoine; Demoule, Alexandre title: Increased mortality in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted within seven days of disease onset date: 2020-08-11 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06202-3 sha: doc_id: 335802 cord_uid: 1kiqfy68 file: cache/cord-340069-v7yrc0q5.json key: cord-340069-v7yrc0q5 authors: Al Maani, Amal; Paul, Hema; Al-Rashdi, Azza; Al Wahaibi, Adil; Al-Jardani, Amina; Al Abri, Asma M. Ali; AlBalushi, Mariam A. H.; Al Abri, Seif; Al Reesi, Mohammed; Al Maqbali, Ali; Al Kasaby, Nashwa M.; de Groot, Theun; F. Meis, Jacques; Al-Hatmi, Abdullah M. S. title: Ongoing Challenges with Healthcare-Associated Candida auris Outbreaks in Oman date: 2019-10-23 journal: J Fungi (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/jof5040101 sha: doc_id: 340069 cord_uid: v7yrc0q5 file: cache/cord-343555-pre6bzne.json key: cord-343555-pre6bzne authors: Kalligeros, Markos; Shehadeh, Fadi; Mylona, Evangelia K.; Benitez, Gregorio; Beckwith, Curt G.; Chan, Philip A.; Mylonakis, Eleftherios title: Association of Obesity with Disease Severity among Patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-30 journal: Obesity (Silver Spring) DOI: 10.1002/oby.22859 sha: doc_id: 343555 cord_uid: pre6bzne file: cache/cord-343483-puly7tyv.json key: cord-343483-puly7tyv authors: Pak, Jamie S.; Sayegh, Christopher I.; Smigelski, Michael B.; McKiernan, James M.; Cooper, Kimberly L. title: A Urology Department's Experience at the Epicenter of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-30 journal: Urology DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.06.024 sha: doc_id: 343483 cord_uid: puly7tyv file: cache/cord-342680-1cr2ph8x.json key: cord-342680-1cr2ph8x authors: Sarpong, Nana O.; Forrester, Lynn Ann; Levine, William N. title: What’s Important: Redeployment of the Orthopaedic Surgeon During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from the Trenches date: 2020-04-14 journal: J Bone Joint Surg Am DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.20.00574 sha: doc_id: 342680 cord_uid: 1cr2ph8x file: cache/cord-339021-mhdaov1f.json key: cord-339021-mhdaov1f authors: Hong, Kyung Soo; Lee, Kwan Ho; Chung, Jin Hong; Shin, Kyeong-Cheol; Choi, Eun Young; Jin, Hyun Jung; Jang, Jong Geol; Lee, Wonhwa; Ahn, June Hong title: Clinical Features and Outcomes of 98 Patients Hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Daegu, South Korea: A Brief Descriptive Study date: 2020-05-01 journal: Yonsei Med J DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2020.61.5.431 sha: doc_id: 339021 cord_uid: mhdaov1f file: cache/cord-345973-fb3gkc0f.json key: cord-345973-fb3gkc0f authors: Thibault, Ronan; Seguin, Philippe; Tamion, Fabienne; Pichard, Claude; Singer, Pierre title: Nutrition of the COVID-19 patient in the intensive care unit (ICU): a practical guidance date: 2020-07-19 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03159-z sha: doc_id: 345973 cord_uid: fb3gkc0f file: cache/cord-339670-lq46nj8j.json key: cord-339670-lq46nj8j authors: Takahashi, Nozomi; Abe, Ryuzo; Hattori, Noriyuki; Matsumura, Yosuke; Oshima, Taku; Taniguchi, Toshibumi; Igari, Hidetoshi; Nakada, Taka-aki title: Clinical course of a critically ill patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) date: 2020-06-16 journal: J Artif Organs DOI: 10.1007/s10047-020-01183-y sha: doc_id: 339670 cord_uid: lq46nj8j file: cache/cord-335975-m6lkrehi.json key: cord-335975-m6lkrehi authors: nan title: Proceedings of Réanimation 2018, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress date: 2018-02-05 journal: Ann Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s13613-017-0345-7 sha: doc_id: 335975 cord_uid: m6lkrehi file: cache/cord-347935-jfx9037u.json key: cord-347935-jfx9037u authors: Valdivia, Andrés Reyes; Sanus, Enrique Aracil; Santos, África Duque; Olmos, Cristina Gómez; Alguacil, Sergio Gordillo; El Amrani, Mehdi; Guaita, Julia Ocaña; Zúñiga, Claudio Gandarias title: Adapting vascular surgery practice to the current COVID-19 era at a tertiary academic center in Madrid. date: 2020-06-04 journal: Ann Vasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.06.001 sha: doc_id: 347935 cord_uid: jfx9037u file: cache/cord-346495-irtdqbeb.json key: cord-346495-irtdqbeb authors: Ackland, G. J.; Rice, K.; Wynne, B. M.; Martin, V. title: The long term predictions from Imperial College CovidSim Report 9 date: 2020-06-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.18.20135004 sha: doc_id: 346495 cord_uid: irtdqbeb file: cache/cord-348137-dzmbfp2g.json key: cord-348137-dzmbfp2g authors: Bi, Qifang; Hong, Chengcheng; Meng, Juan; Wu, Zhenke; Zhou, Pengzheng; Ye, Chenfei; Sun, Binbin; Kucirka, Lauren M; Azman, Andrew S; Wang, Tong; Chen, Jiancong; Wang, Zhaoqin; Liu, Lei; Lessler, Justin; Edwards, Jessie K; Ma, Ting; Zhang, Guoliang title: Characterization of clinical progression of COVID-19 patients in Shenzhen, China date: 2020-04-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20076190 sha: doc_id: 348137 cord_uid: dzmbfp2g file: cache/cord-346507-w9aaalgo.json key: cord-346507-w9aaalgo authors: Mejia-Vilet, J. M.; Cordova-Sanchez, B. M.; Fernandez-Camargo, D.; Mendez-Perez, R. A.; Morales-Buenrostro, L. E.; Hernandez-Gilsoul, T. title: DERIVATION OF A SCORE TO PREDICT ADMISSION TO INTENSIVE CARE UNIT IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19: THE ABC-GOALS SCORE date: 2020-05-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.12.20099416 sha: doc_id: 346507 cord_uid: w9aaalgo file: cache/cord-347512-veavzt6d.json key: cord-347512-veavzt6d authors: Ueland, Thor; Heggelund, Lars; Lind, Andreas; Holten, Aleksander R.; Tonby, Kristian; Michelsen, Annika E.; Jenum, Synne; Jørgensen, Marthe J.; Barratt-Due, Andreas; Skeie, Linda G.; Nordøy, Ingvild; Aanensen Fraz, Mai Sasaki; Quist-Paulsen E, Else; Pischke, Søren E.; Johal, Simreen K.; Hesstvedt, Liv; Bogen, Mette; Fevang, Børre; Halvorsen, Bente; Müller, Fredrik; Bekken, Gry Kloumann; Mollnes, Tom E.; Dudman, Susanne; Aukrust, Pål; Dyrhol-Riise, Anne M.; Holter, Jan C. title: Elevated plasma sTIM-3 levels in severe Covid-19 patients date: 2020-09-21 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.007 sha: doc_id: 347512 cord_uid: veavzt6d file: cache/cord-345591-zwh1xj5u.json key: cord-345591-zwh1xj5u authors: Al-Dorzi, Hasan M.; Aldawood, Abdulaziz S.; Khan, Raymond; Baharoon, Salim; Alchin, John D.; Matroud, Amal A.; Al Johany, Sameera M.; Balkhy, Hanan H.; Arabi, Yaseen M. title: The critical care response to a hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: an observational study date: 2016-10-24 journal: Ann Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s13613-016-0203-z sha: doc_id: 345591 cord_uid: zwh1xj5u file: cache/cord-346229-jxlrz0ce.json key: cord-346229-jxlrz0ce authors: Craxì, Lucia; Vergano, Marco; Savulescu, Julian; Wilkinson, Dominic title: Rationing in a Pandemic: Lessons from Italy date: 2020-06-16 journal: Asian Bioeth Rev DOI: 10.1007/s41649-020-00127-1 sha: doc_id: 346229 cord_uid: jxlrz0ce file: cache/cord-344641-rog2h4g7.json key: cord-344641-rog2h4g7 authors: Franco, Cosimo; Facciolongo, Nicola; Tonelli, Roberto; Dongilli, Roberto; Vianello, Andrea; Pisani, Lara; Scala, Raffaele; Malerba, Mario; Carlucci, Annalisa; Negri, Emanuele Alberto; Spoladore, Greta; Arcaro, Giovanna; Tillio, Paolo Amedeo; Lastoria, Cinzia; Schifino, Gioachino; Tabbi’, Luca; Guidelli, Luca; Guaraldi, Giovanni; Ranieri, V. Marco; Clini, Enrico; Nava, Stefano title: Feasibility and clinical impact of out-of-ICU non-invasive respiratory support in patients with COVID-19 related pneumonia date: 2020-08-03 journal: Eur Respir J DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02130-2020 sha: doc_id: 344641 cord_uid: rog2h4g7 file: cache/cord-344824-myaiilra.json key: cord-344824-myaiilra authors: Sha, D.; Miao, X.; Lan, H.; Stewart, K.; Ruan, S.; Tian, Y.; Yang, C. title: Spatiotemporal Analysis of Medical Resource Deficiencies in the U.S. under COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.24.20112136 sha: doc_id: 344824 cord_uid: myaiilra file: cache/cord-347662-yk3cz0hq.json key: cord-347662-yk3cz0hq authors: Li, Michael; Yoo, Erika J.; Baram, Michael; McArthur, Melanie; Skeehan, Connor; Awsare, Bharat; George, Gautam; Summer, Ross; Zurlo, John; Jallo, Jack; Roman, Jesse title: Tocilizumab in the Management of COVID-19: A Preliminary Report date: 2020-11-09 journal: Am J Med Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.11.005 sha: doc_id: 347662 cord_uid: yk3cz0hq file: cache/cord-346062-q0trgj12.json key: cord-346062-q0trgj12 authors: Robert, René; Kentish-Barnes, Nancy; Boyer, Alexandre; Laurent, Alexandra; Azoulay, Elie; Reignier, Jean title: Ethical dilemmas due to the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-17 journal: Ann Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s13613-020-00702-7 sha: doc_id: 346062 cord_uid: q0trgj12 file: cache/cord-351264-zp41u14l.json key: cord-351264-zp41u14l authors: Quah, Pipetius; Li, Andrew; Phua, Jason title: Mortality rates of patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit: a systematic review of the emerging literature date: 2020-06-04 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03006-1 sha: doc_id: 351264 cord_uid: zp41u14l file: cache/cord-343973-n5ogyxz7.json key: cord-343973-n5ogyxz7 authors: Ip, Andrew; Berry, Donald A.; Hansen, Eric; Goy, Andre H.; Pecora, Andrew L.; Sinclaire, Brittany A.; Bednarz, Urszula; Marafelias, Michael; Berry, Scott M.; Berry, Nicholas S.; Mathura, Shivam; Sawczuk, Ihor S.; Biran, Noa; Go, Ronaldo C.; Sperber, Steven; Piwoz, Julia A.; Balani, Bindu; Cicogna, Cristina; Sebti, Rani; Zuckerman, Jerry; Rose, Keith M.; Tank, Lisa; Jacobs, Laurie G.; Korcak, Jason; Timmapuri, Sarah L.; Underwood, Joseph P.; Sugalski, Gregory; Barsky, Carol; Varga, Daniel W.; Asif, Arif; Landolfi, Joseph C.; Goldberg, Stuart L. title: Hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab therapy in COVID-19 patients—An observational study date: 2020-08-13 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237693 sha: doc_id: 343973 cord_uid: n5ogyxz7 file: cache/cord-349263-mmfrqyrc.json key: cord-349263-mmfrqyrc authors: Rodríguez, A.; Moreno, G.; Gómez, J.; Carbonell, R.; Picó-Plana, E.; Benavent Bofill, C.; Sánchez Parrilla, R.; Trefler, S.; Esteve Pitarch, E.; Canadell, L.; Teixido, X.; Claverias, L.; Bodí, M. title: Severe infection due to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus: Experience of a tertiary hospital with COVID-19 patients during the 2020 pandemic date: 2020-11-09 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.medine.2020.05.005 sha: doc_id: 349263 cord_uid: mmfrqyrc file: cache/cord-347790-7h25gzzl.json key: cord-347790-7h25gzzl authors: Calligaro, Keith D.; Dougherty, Matthew J.; Maloni, Krystal; Vani, Kunal; Troutman, Douglas A. title: COVID (Co-Operative Vascular Intervention Disease) Team of Greater Philadelphia date: 2020-06-17 journal: J Vasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.05.058 sha: doc_id: 347790 cord_uid: 7h25gzzl file: cache/cord-350240-bmppif8g.json key: cord-350240-bmppif8g authors: Girardi, Paolo; Greco, Luca; Mameli, Valentina; Musio, Monica; Racugno, Walter; Ruli, Erlis; Ventura, Laura title: Robust inference for nonlinear regression models from the Tsallis score: application to COVID‐19 contagion in Italy date: 2020-08-12 journal: Stat (Int Stat Inst) DOI: 10.1002/sta4.309 sha: doc_id: 350240 cord_uid: bmppif8g file: cache/cord-347833-b3yrxkt0.json key: cord-347833-b3yrxkt0 authors: Ahlström, Björn; Larsson, Ing-Marie; Strandberg, Gunnar; Lipcsey, Miklos title: A nationwide study of the long-term prevalence of dementia and its risk factors in the Swedish intensive care cohort date: 2020-09-04 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03203-y sha: doc_id: 347833 cord_uid: b3yrxkt0 file: cache/cord-349516-00qqpkfd.json key: cord-349516-00qqpkfd authors: Jonmarker, S.; Hollenberg, J.; Dahlberg, M.; Stackelberg, O.; Litorell, J.; Everhov, A.; Järnbert-Pettersson, H.; Söderberg, M.; Grip, J.; Schandl, A.; Gunther, M.; Cronhjort, M. title: DOSING OF THROMBOPROPHYLAXIS AND MORTALITY IN CRITICALLY ILL COVID-19 PATIENTS date: 2020-09-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.17.20195867 sha: doc_id: 349516 cord_uid: 00qqpkfd file: cache/cord-346811-gorp9n1g.json key: cord-346811-gorp9n1g authors: Hippisley-Cox, Julia; Young, Duncan; Coupland, Carol; Channon, Keith M; Tan, Pui San; Harrison, David A; Rowan, Kathryn; Aveyard, Paul; Pavord, Ian D; Watkinson, Peter J title: Risk of severe COVID-19 disease with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: cohort study including 8.3 million people date: 2020-07-31 journal: Heart DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317393 sha: doc_id: 346811 cord_uid: gorp9n1g file: cache/cord-353398-jrz163v2.json key: cord-353398-jrz163v2 authors: van Arkel, Andreas L. E.; Rijpstra, Tom A.; Belderbos, Huub N. A.; van Wijngaarden, Peter; Verweij, Paul E.; Bentvelsen, Robbert G. title: COVID-19–associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis date: 2020-07-01 journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202004-1038le sha: doc_id: 353398 cord_uid: jrz163v2 file: cache/cord-349558-vof63qat.json key: cord-349558-vof63qat authors: Jain, Vageesh; Yuan, Jin-Min title: Systematic review and meta-analysis of predictive symptoms and comorbidities for severe COVID-19 infection date: 2020-03-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.15.20035360 sha: doc_id: 349558 cord_uid: vof63qat file: cache/cord-351943-ouukwv73.json key: cord-351943-ouukwv73 authors: Frobert, Emilie; Escuret, V.; Javouhey, E.; Casalegno, J.S; Bouscambert‐Duchamp, M.; Moulinier, C.; Gillet, Y.; Lina, B.; Floret, D.; Morfin, F. title: Respiratory viruses in children admitted to hospital intensive care units: Evaluating the CLART® Pneumovir DNA array, , date: 2010-11-24 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21932 sha: doc_id: 351943 cord_uid: ouukwv73 file: cache/cord-355410-oinbicza.json key: cord-355410-oinbicza authors: Kormann, Raphaël; Jacquot, Audrey; Alla, Asma; Corbel, Alice; Koszutski, Matthieu; Voirin, Paul; Garcia Parrilla, Matthieu; Bevilacqua, Sybille; Schvoerer, Evelyne; Gueant, Jean-Louis; Namour, Farès; Levy, Bruno; Frimat, Luc; Oussalah, Abderrahim title: Coronavirus disease 2019: acute Fanconi syndrome precedes acute kidney injury date: 2020-06-08 journal: Clin Kidney J DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa109 sha: doc_id: 355410 cord_uid: oinbicza file: cache/cord-351735-x1lng449.json key: cord-351735-x1lng449 authors: Flikweert, Antine W.; Grootenboers, Marco J.J.H.; Yick, David C.Y.; du Mée, Arthur W.F.; van der Meer, Nardo J.M.; Rettig, Thijs C.D.; Kant, Merijn K.M. title: Late histopathologic characteristics of critically ill COVID-19 patients: Different phenotypes without evidence of invasive aspergillosis, a case series date: 2020-07-08 journal: J Crit Care DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.07.002 sha: doc_id: 351735 cord_uid: x1lng449 file: cache/cord-353069-xkb3xy6k.json key: cord-353069-xkb3xy6k authors: Vellieux, Geoffroy; Rouvel-Tallec, Anny; Jaquet, Pierre; Grinea, Alexandra; Sonneville, Romain; d'Ortho, Marie-Pia title: COVID-19 associated encephalopathy: is there a specific EEG pattern? date: 2020-06-24 journal: Clin Neurophysiol DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.06.005 sha: doc_id: 353069 cord_uid: xkb3xy6k file: cache/cord-353890-dzauzjm7.json key: cord-353890-dzauzjm7 authors: Guzzi, Pietro Hiram; Tradigo, Giuseppe; Veltri, Pierangelo title: Spatio-Temporal Resource Mapping for Intensive Care Units at Regional Level for COVID-19 Emergency in Italy date: 2020-05-12 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103344 sha: doc_id: 353890 cord_uid: dzauzjm7 file: cache/cord-352280-nn1rgdw0.json key: cord-352280-nn1rgdw0 authors: Mayorga, Lía; García Samartino, Clara; Flores, Gabriel; Masuelli, Sofía; Sánchez, María Victoria; Mayorga, Luis S.; Sánchez, Cristián Gabriel title: Detection and isolation of asymptomatic individuals can make the difference in COVID-19 epidemic management date: 2020-04-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.23.20077255 sha: doc_id: 352280 cord_uid: nn1rgdw0 file: cache/cord-352065-960xqft4.json key: cord-352065-960xqft4 authors: Rello, Jordi; Belliato, Mirko; Dimopoulos, Meletios-Athanasios; Giamarellos-bourboulis, Evangelos J.; Jaksic, Vladimir; Martin-loeches, Ignacio; Mporas, Iosif; Pelosi, Paolo; Poulakou, Garyphallia; Pournaras, Spyridon; Tamae-kakazu, Maximiliano; Timsit, Jean-François; Waterer, Grant; Tejada, Sofia; Dimopoulos, George title: Update in COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit from the 2020 HELLENIC Athens International Symposium date: 2020-10-22 journal: Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.10.008 sha: doc_id: 352065 cord_uid: 960xqft4 file: cache/cord-354167-j6l3hq1h.json key: cord-354167-j6l3hq1h authors: Algassim, Abdulrahman A.; Elghazaly, Assem A.; Alnahdi, Abdulrahman S.; Mohammed-Rahim, Owais M.; Alanazi, Abdulaziz G.; Aldhuwayhi, Nawaf A.; Alanazi, Mashael M.; Almutairi, Mohammed F.; Aldeailej, Ibrahim M.; Kamli, Najeeb A.; Aljurf, Mahmoud D. title: Prognostic significance of hemoglobin level and autoimmune hemolytic anemia in SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-09-12 journal: Ann Hematol DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04256-3 sha: doc_id: 354167 cord_uid: j6l3hq1h file: cache/cord-355028-1x7w1749.json key: cord-355028-1x7w1749 authors: Piazza, Cesare; Filauro, Marta; Dikkers, Frederik G.; Nouraei, S. A. Reza; Sandu, Kishore; Sittel, Christian; Amin, Milan R.; Campos, Guillermo; Eckel, Hans E.; Peretti, Giorgio title: Long-term intubation and high rate of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients might determine an unprecedented increase of airway stenoses: a call to action from the European Laryngological Society date: 2020-06-06 journal: Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06112-6 sha: doc_id: 355028 cord_uid: 1x7w1749 file: cache/cord-356371-w9ejgzvu.json key: cord-356371-w9ejgzvu authors: Torres-González, JI; Arias-Rivera, S; Velasco-Sanz, T; Mateos, Dávila A; Planas Pascual, B; Zaragoza-García, I; Raurell-Torredà, M title: What has happened to care during the COVID-19 pandemic? date: 2020-07-28 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.enfie.2020.07.001 sha: doc_id: 356371 cord_uid: w9ejgzvu file: cache/cord-350390-ukoi8jyg.json key: cord-350390-ukoi8jyg authors: Demkina, A. E.; Morozov, S.; Vladzymyrskyy, A. V.; Kljashtorny, V. G.; Guseva, O. I.; Pugachev, P. S.; Artemova, O. R.; Reshetnikov, R. V.; Gombolevskiy, V. A.; Ryabinina, M. N. title: Risk factors for outcomes of COVID-19 patients: an observational study of 795 572 patients in Russia date: 2020-11-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.02.20224253 sha: doc_id: 350390 cord_uid: ukoi8jyg file: cache/cord-354194-hf5ndv5f.json key: cord-354194-hf5ndv5f authors: Cook, Mackenzie; Zonies, David; Brasel, Karen title: Prioritizing Communication in the Provision of Palliative Care for the Trauma Patient date: 2020-10-29 journal: Curr Trauma Rep DOI: 10.1007/s40719-020-00201-x sha: doc_id: 354194 cord_uid: hf5ndv5f file: cache/cord-341063-3rqnu5bu.json key: cord-341063-3rqnu5bu authors: nan title: 38th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 20-23 March 2018 date: 2018-03-29 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-018-1973-5 sha: doc_id: 341063 cord_uid: 3rqnu5bu file: cache/cord-355038-o2hr5mox.json key: cord-355038-o2hr5mox authors: nan title: Proceedings of Réanimation 2020, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress date: 2020-02-11 journal: Ann Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s13613-020-0623-7 sha: doc_id: 355038 cord_uid: o2hr5mox Reading metadata file and updating bibliogrpahics === updating bibliographic database Building study carrel named keyword-icu-cord === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 78499 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 79019 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 79387 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 79555 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordent2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordpos2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordent2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordent2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 78129 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004284-2prli5s1 author: Vahedian-Azimi, Amir title: Natural versus artificial light exposure on delirium incidence in ARDS patients date: 2020-02-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004284-2prli5s1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004284-2prli5s1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-004284-2prli5s1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010775-1f9g4t5y author: Labeau, S. O. title: Less daily oral hygiene is more in the ICU: not sure date: 2020-04-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010775-1f9g4t5y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010775-1f9g4t5y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-010775-1f9g4t5y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-015061-pl5ag6zz author: nan title: Editor’s picks, 2011–2012: fifteen articles in open access in Intensive Care Medicine date: 2013-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-015061-pl5ag6zz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-015061-pl5ag6zz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-015061-pl5ag6zz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010566-tciwtxud author: Singh, Nina title: Outcome of patients with cirrhosis requiring intensive care unit support: Prospective assessment of predictors of mortality date: 1998 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010566-tciwtxud.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010566-tciwtxud.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-010566-tciwtxud.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004422-oep1grwq author: Li, Yuting title: Comparison of T-piece and pressure support ventilation as spontaneous breathing trials in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-02-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004422-oep1grwq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004422-oep1grwq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-004422-oep1grwq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011189-c0ytamge author: da Fonseca Pestana Ribeiro, Jose Mauro title: Less empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics is more in the ICU date: 2019-11-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011189-c0ytamge.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011189-c0ytamge.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-011189-c0ytamge.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-013443-x74uxdi4 author: Daniel, Dennis A. title: Pediatric Resident Engagement With an Online Critical Care Curriculum During the Intensive Care Rotation* date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-013443-x74uxdi4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-013443-x74uxdi4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'cord-013443-x74uxdi4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006714-q7wy76e2 author: Delannoy, P.-Y. title: Impact of combination therapy with aminoglycosides on the outcome of ICU-acquired bacteraemias date: 2012-02-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006714-q7wy76e2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006714-q7wy76e2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-006714-q7wy76e2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011327-zsoc4wec author: Martin-Loeches, Ignacio title: Antibiotic prophylaxis in the ICU: to be or not to be administered for patients undergoing procedures? date: 2019-11-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011327-zsoc4wec.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011327-zsoc4wec.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-011327-zsoc4wec.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004487-hrkj2y8o author: Villa, Gianluca title: Validation of END-of-life ScorING-system to identify the dying patient: a prospective analysis date: 2020-03-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004487-hrkj2y8o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004487-hrkj2y8o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-004487-hrkj2y8o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004263-m1ujhhsc author: Koekkoek, W. A. C. title: The effect of cisatracurium infusion on the energy expenditure of critically ill patients: an observational cohort study date: 2020-02-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004263-m1ujhhsc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004263-m1ujhhsc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-004263-m1ujhhsc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-007560-nck4f5ny author: Ling, Lowell title: COVID-19: A critical care perspective informed by lessons learnt from other viral epidemics date: 2020-02-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-007560-nck4f5ny.txt cache: ./cache/cord-007560-nck4f5ny.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-007560-nck4f5ny.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-003085-7krf1yxz author: Li, Xi title: Cytomegalovirus infection and outcome in immunocompetent patients in the intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2018-06-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-003085-7krf1yxz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-003085-7krf1yxz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-003085-7krf1yxz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011210-afcmln4w author: Olsen, Markus Harboe title: Automated pupillometry and the FOUR score — what is the diagnostic benefit in neurointensive care? date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011210-afcmln4w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011210-afcmln4w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-011210-afcmln4w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-000683-mig5zt5p author: Delgado-Rodríguez, Miguel title: Prognosis of hospitalized patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza in Spain: influence of neuraminidase inhibitors date: 2012-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-000683-mig5zt5p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-000683-mig5zt5p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-000683-mig5zt5p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005600-gsbbjb5y author: De Jonghe, B. title: Acquired neuromuscular disorders in critically ill patients: a systematic review date: 1998 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005600-gsbbjb5y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005600-gsbbjb5y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-005600-gsbbjb5y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-000891-5r2in1gw author: Giannella, Maddalena title: Should lower respiratory tract secretions from intensive care patients be systematically screened for influenza virus during the influenza season? date: 2012-06-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-000891-5r2in1gw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-000891-5r2in1gw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-000891-5r2in1gw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011332-dzl09afq author: Stoclin, A. title: Ventilator-associated pneumonia and bloodstream infections in intensive care unit cancer patients: a retrospective 12-year study on 3388 prospectively monitored patients date: 2019-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011332-dzl09afq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011332-dzl09afq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 22 resourceName b'cord-011332-dzl09afq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-003376-2qi4aibx author: van de Groep, Kirsten title: Effect of cytomegalovirus reactivation on the time course of systemic host response biomarkers in previously immunocompetent critically ill patients with sepsis: a matched cohort study date: 2018-12-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-003376-2qi4aibx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-003376-2qi4aibx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-003376-2qi4aibx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-000892-l9862er0 author: Richard, Jean-Christophe Marie title: Interest of a simple on-line screening registry for measuring ICU burden related to an influenza pandemic date: 2012-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-000892-l9862er0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-000892-l9862er0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-000892-l9862er0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-001725-pw7coi3v author: Ballus, Josep title: Surgical site infection in critically ill patients with secondary and tertiary peritonitis: epidemiology, microbiology and influence in outcomes date: 2015-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-001725-pw7coi3v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-001725-pw7coi3v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-001725-pw7coi3v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-001322-7xmxcm35 author: Walden, Andrew P title: Patients with community acquired pneumonia admitted to European intensive care units: an epidemiological survey of the GenOSept cohort date: 2014-04-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-001322-7xmxcm35.txt cache: ./cache/cord-001322-7xmxcm35.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-001322-7xmxcm35.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005585-lc3fqhb0 author: Barbier, François title: Etiologies and outcome of acute respiratory failure in HIV-infected patients date: 2009-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005585-lc3fqhb0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005585-lc3fqhb0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-005585-lc3fqhb0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006545-c12m75gq author: Pinilla, Inmaculada title: Radiological prognostic factors in patients with pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) infection requiring hospital admission date: 2011-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006545-c12m75gq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006545-c12m75gq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-006545-c12m75gq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004031-sw60qbbj author: Aylward, Ryan E. title: Risk factors and outcomes of acute kidney injury in South African critically ill adults: a prospective cohort study date: 2019-12-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004031-sw60qbbj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004031-sw60qbbj.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-004031-sw60qbbj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011314-at65nvda author: De Weerdt, Annick title: Pre-admission air pollution exposure prolongs the duration of ventilation in intensive care patients date: 2020-03-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011314-at65nvda.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011314-at65nvda.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-011314-at65nvda.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006975-u5ecibta author: Haviland, Kelly title: Outcomes after long-term mechanical ventilation of cancer patients date: 2020-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006975-u5ecibta.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006975-u5ecibta.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-006975-u5ecibta.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-002011-u6dfp6gf author: Toubiana, Julie title: Association of REL polymorphisms and outcome of patients with septic shock date: 2016-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-002011-u6dfp6gf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-002011-u6dfp6gf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-002011-u6dfp6gf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004404-s6udpwxq author: Seifi, Najmeh title: Effects of synbiotic supplementation on energy and macronutrients homeostasis and muscle wasting of critical care patients: study protocol and a review of previous studies date: 2020-02-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004404-s6udpwxq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004404-s6udpwxq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-004404-s6udpwxq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-001938-n2d5fw2f author: Ong, David S. Y. title: Cytomegalovirus reactivation and mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome date: 2016-03-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-001938-n2d5fw2f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-001938-n2d5fw2f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-001938-n2d5fw2f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-003798-nki2sasr author: Vidaur, Loreto title: Human metapneumovirus as cause of severe community-acquired pneumonia in adults: insights from a ten-year molecular and epidemiological analysis date: 2019-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-003798-nki2sasr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-003798-nki2sasr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-003798-nki2sasr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006366-qpjvmwmp author: Kinikar, Aarti Avinash title: Predictors of Mortality in Hospitalized Children with Pandemic H1N1 Influenza 2009 in Pune, India date: 2011-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006366-qpjvmwmp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006366-qpjvmwmp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-006366-qpjvmwmp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-012560-p5s0p7fd author: Decavèle, Maxens title: One-year survival of patients with high-grade glioma discharged alive from the intensive care unit date: 2020-08-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-012560-p5s0p7fd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-012560-p5s0p7fd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-012560-p5s0p7fd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-002847-w3r0oetd author: Kanafani, Zeina A. title: Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter species: a seven-year experience from a tertiary care center in Lebanon date: 2018-01-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-002847-w3r0oetd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-002847-w3r0oetd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-002847-w3r0oetd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-003832-q1422ydi author: Koyama, Kansuke title: Biomarker profiles of coagulopathy and alveolar epithelial injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome with idiopathic/immune-related disease or common direct risk factors date: 2019-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-003832-q1422ydi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-003832-q1422ydi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-003832-q1422ydi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-000349-k0p166fr author: Olive, David title: Severe pneumococcal pneumonia: impact of new quinolones on prognosis date: 2011-03-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-000349-k0p166fr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-000349-k0p166fr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-000349-k0p166fr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-000812-mu5u5bvj author: Wiesen, Jonathan title: Relative cost and outcomes in the intensive care unit of acute lung injury (ALI) due to pandemic influenza compared with other etiologies: a single-center study date: 2012-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-000812-mu5u5bvj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-000812-mu5u5bvj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-000812-mu5u5bvj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006760-mgrxo21j author: Lee, James C. title: Critical care management of the lung transplant recipient date: 2012-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006760-mgrxo21j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006760-mgrxo21j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-006760-mgrxo21j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004168-rqd9b13s author: Daneman, Nick title: A pilot randomized controlled trial of 7 versus 14 days of antibiotic treatment for bloodstream infection on non-intensive care versus intensive care wards date: 2020-01-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004168-rqd9b13s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004168-rqd9b13s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-004168-rqd9b13s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006308-s5le8ugm author: Dimopoulos, G. title: Candidemia in immunocompromised and immunocompetent critically ill patients: a prospective comparative study date: 2007-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006308-s5le8ugm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006308-s5le8ugm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-006308-s5le8ugm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011211-79stfqrd author: Robba, Chiara title: Tracheostomy practice and timing in traumatic brain-injured patients: a CENTER-TBI study date: 2020-02-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011211-79stfqrd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011211-79stfqrd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-011211-79stfqrd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011418-hy8xmtiq author: Walz, Alice title: The ICU Liberation Bundle and Strategies for Implementation in Pediatrics date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011418-hy8xmtiq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011418-hy8xmtiq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-011418-hy8xmtiq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011159-k2kca8zl author: Kamel, Toufik title: Benefit-to-risk balance of bronchoalveolar lavage in the critically ill. A prospective, multicenter cohort study date: 2020-01-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011159-k2kca8zl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011159-k2kca8zl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-011159-k2kca8zl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011359-3lcjw873 author: De Waele, Jan J. title: Antimicrobial de-escalation as part of antimicrobial stewardship in intensive care: no simple answers to simple questions—a viewpoint of experts date: 2020-02-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011359-3lcjw873.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011359-3lcjw873.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-011359-3lcjw873.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004147-9bcq3jnm author: Fernando, Shannon M. title: New-onset atrial fibrillation and associated outcomes and resource use among critically ill adults—a multicenter retrospective cohort study date: 2020-01-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004147-9bcq3jnm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004147-9bcq3jnm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-004147-9bcq3jnm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005795-sgi54hq8 author: Ely, E. title: The impact of delirium in the intensive care unit on hospital length of stay date: 2001-11-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005795-sgi54hq8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005795-sgi54hq8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-005795-sgi54hq8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-003198-1kw5v6rm author: Vuillard, Constance title: Clinical features and outcome of patients with acute respiratory failure revealing anti-synthetase or anti-MDA-5 dermato-pulmonary syndrome: a French multicenter retrospective study date: 2018-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-003198-1kw5v6rm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-003198-1kw5v6rm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-003198-1kw5v6rm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011029-sbds5sda author: Portran, Philippe title: Improving the prognostic value of ∆PCO(2) following cardiac surgery: a prospective pilot study date: 2019-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011029-sbds5sda.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011029-sbds5sda.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-011029-sbds5sda.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-000705-w52dc97h author: Ríos, Fernando G title: Lung Function and Organ Dysfunctions in 178 Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation During The 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic date: 2011-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-000705-w52dc97h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-000705-w52dc97h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-000705-w52dc97h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004096-obrq7q57 author: Benghanem, Sarah title: Brainstem dysfunction in critically ill patients date: 2020-01-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004096-obrq7q57.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004096-obrq7q57.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-004096-obrq7q57.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004427-dy9v9asg author: Bissell, Brittany D. title: Impact of protocolized diuresis for de-resuscitation in the intensive care unit date: 2020-02-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004427-dy9v9asg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004427-dy9v9asg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-004427-dy9v9asg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005589-ocnce92z author: Torres, Antoni title: Challenges in severe community-acquired pneumonia: a point-of-view review date: 2019-01-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005589-ocnce92z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005589-ocnce92z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-005589-ocnce92z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005496-cnwg4dnn author: Gutierrez, Guillermo title: Artificial Intelligence in the Intensive Care Unit date: 2020-03-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005496-cnwg4dnn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005496-cnwg4dnn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-005496-cnwg4dnn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005606-c8c2rfzi author: Gordon, Sharon M. title: Clinical identification of cognitive impairment in ICU survivors: insights for intensivists date: 2004-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005606-c8c2rfzi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005606-c8c2rfzi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-005606-c8c2rfzi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004450-daxz9yhp author: Haeberle, Helene title: Therapeutic iloprost for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (the ThIlo trial): a prospective, randomized, multicenter phase II study date: 2020-03-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004450-daxz9yhp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004450-daxz9yhp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-004450-daxz9yhp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005808-w0763esk author: Moreno, Gerard title: Corticosteroid treatment in critically ill patients with severe influenza pneumonia: a propensity score matching study date: 2018-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005808-w0763esk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005808-w0763esk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-005808-w0763esk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004540-2b1vjhgn author: Hick, John L. title: Chapter 2. Surge capacity and infrastructure considerations for mass critical care date: 2010-03-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004540-2b1vjhgn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004540-2b1vjhgn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-004540-2b1vjhgn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004268-raayrjmd author: Flattres, Aurelien title: Real-time shear wave ultrasound elastography: a new tool for the evaluation of diaphragm and limb muscle stiffness in critically ill patients date: 2020-02-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004268-raayrjmd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004268-raayrjmd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-004268-raayrjmd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005503-hm8tvkt3 author: Rasulo, Frank A. title: Essential Noninvasive Multimodality Neuromonitoring for the Critically Ill Patient date: 2020-03-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005503-hm8tvkt3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005503-hm8tvkt3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-005503-hm8tvkt3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004515-x22q1f21 author: Pottecher, Julien title: Protocol for TRAUMADORNASE: a prospective, randomized, multicentre, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial of aerosolized dornase alfa to reduce the incidence of moderate-to-severe hypoxaemia in ventilated trauma patients date: 2020-03-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004515-x22q1f21.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004515-x22q1f21.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-004515-x22q1f21.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004646-zhessjqh author: Bawazeer, Mohammed title: Adjunct low-dose ketamine infusion vs standard of care in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients at a Tertiary Saudi Hospital (ATTAINMENT Trial): study protocol for a randomized, prospective, pilot, feasibility trial date: 2020-03-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004646-zhessjqh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004646-zhessjqh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-004646-zhessjqh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011483-zc6ve6le author: Leclerc, Angela M. title: Amantadine and Modafinil as Neurostimulants Following Acute Stroke: A Retrospective Study of Intensive Care Unit Patients date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011483-zc6ve6le.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011483-zc6ve6le.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-011483-zc6ve6le.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-016109-vbzy11hc author: Damjanovic, V. title: Outbreaks of Infection in the ICU: What’s up at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century? date: 2011-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-016109-vbzy11hc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-016109-vbzy11hc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-016109-vbzy11hc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-015640-zdwmxaz3 author: Tong, C. Y. W. title: Clinical Virology in NICU, PICU and AICU date: 2011-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-015640-zdwmxaz3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-015640-zdwmxaz3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-015640-zdwmxaz3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010813-94v8zchf author: Deemer, Kirsten title: Effect of early cognitive interventions on delirium in critically ill patients: a systematic review date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010813-94v8zchf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010813-94v8zchf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-010813-94v8zchf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005603-kjcbbgse author: Brun-Buisson, C. title: The epidemiology of the systemic inflammatory response date: 2000 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005603-kjcbbgse.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005603-kjcbbgse.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-005603-kjcbbgse.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-003701-i70ztypg author: Chow, Eric J. title: Influenza virus-related critical illness: prevention, diagnosis, treatment date: 2019-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-003701-i70ztypg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-003701-i70ztypg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-003701-i70ztypg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005750-54hul2lw author: Antonelli, Massimo title: Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine, 2008: III. Paediatrics, Ethics, outcome research and critical care organization, sedation, pharmacology and miscellanea date: 2009-02-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005750-54hul2lw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005750-54hul2lw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-005750-54hul2lw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004532-flo9139j author: Andrews, Peter title: Year in review in intensive care medicine, 2004. I. Respiratory failure, infection, and sepsis date: 2004-12-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004532-flo9139j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004532-flo9139j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-004532-flo9139j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-001536-ta1i0ata author: Nair, Girish B title: Year in review 2013: critical care - respiratory infections date: 2014-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-001536-ta1i0ata.txt cache: ./cache/cord-001536-ta1i0ata.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-001536-ta1i0ata.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005569-9d51l6bn author: Antonelli, Massimo title: Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine, 2008: I. Brain injury and neurology, renal failure and endocrinology, metabolism and nutrition, sepsis, infections and pneumonia date: 2008-12-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005569-9d51l6bn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005569-9d51l6bn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-005569-9d51l6bn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-016498-j72vrvqf author: Fong, I. W. title: Issues in Community-Acquired Pneumonia date: 2020-03-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-016498-j72vrvqf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-016498-j72vrvqf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-016498-j72vrvqf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-000522-d498qj2b author: Vincent, Jean-Louis title: Reducing mortality in sepsis: new directions date: 2002-12-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-000522-d498qj2b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-000522-d498qj2b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-000522-d498qj2b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017771-g72qaoub author: Lohan, Rahul title: Imaging of ICU Patients date: 2019-01-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017771-g72qaoub.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017771-g72qaoub.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-017771-g72qaoub.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005692-n4vxazst author: Papazian, Laurent title: Ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a narrative review date: 2020-03-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005692-n4vxazst.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005692-n4vxazst.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-005692-n4vxazst.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-028923-gzqd5g0k author: Vitug, Sarah title: Sedation with ketamine and fentanyl combination improves patient outcomes in intensive care units date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-028923-gzqd5g0k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-028923-gzqd5g0k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-028923-gzqd5g0k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029429-egoso04w author: Sinha, Vikas title: Bedside Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029429-egoso04w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029429-egoso04w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-029429-egoso04w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252737-sbalcd8v author: Ma, Xiya title: Critical care capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic: Global availability of intensive care beds date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252737-sbalcd8v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252737-sbalcd8v.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-252737-sbalcd8v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032335-6c9gt7t9 author: Segrelles-Calvo, Gonzalo title: Therapeutic limitation in elderly patients: Reflections regarding COVID19() date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032335-6c9gt7t9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032335-6c9gt7t9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-032335-6c9gt7t9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-251977-rgae9jy9 author: Terrasi, Benjamin title: French ICUs fight back: an example of regional ICU organisation to tackle the SARS Cov-2 outbreak date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-251977-rgae9jy9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-251977-rgae9jy9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-251977-rgae9jy9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258582-ksfs27kv author: Nadeem, Ashraf title: ICU outcomes of COVID-19 critically ill patients: an international comparative study date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258582-ksfs27kv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258582-ksfs27kv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258582-ksfs27kv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-025749-mip9mkef author: Jo, Sungyang title: Newly developed stroke in patients admitted to non-neurological intensive care units date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-025749-mip9mkef.txt cache: ./cache/cord-025749-mip9mkef.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-025749-mip9mkef.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-028164-yn53209z author: Abe, Toshikazu title: Epidemiology of sepsis and septic shock in intensive care units between sepsis-2 and sepsis-3 populations: sepsis prognostication in intensive care unit and emergency room (SPICE-ICU) date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-028164-yn53209z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-028164-yn53209z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-028164-yn53209z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-028639-mk798t8f author: Weeden, M. title: Functional Outcomes in Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit with Traumatic Brain Injury and Exposed to Hyperoxia: A Retrospective Multicentre Cohort Study date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-028639-mk798t8f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-028639-mk798t8f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-028639-mk798t8f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252286-377y9aqx author: Gauss, Tobias title: Preliminary pragmatic lessons from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic from France date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252286-377y9aqx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252286-377y9aqx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-252286-377y9aqx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023873-fidpskcs author: Meersseman, Wouter title: Invasive Aspergillosis in the Intensive Care Unit: Beyond the Typical Haematological Patient date: 2009-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023873-fidpskcs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023873-fidpskcs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-023873-fidpskcs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-016208-u12ngkpc author: Andersen, Bjørg Marit title: Intensive Patient Treatment date: 2018-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-016208-u12ngkpc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-016208-u12ngkpc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-016208-u12ngkpc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-025861-nsrs6dmc author: Waldeck, Frederike title: Influenza-associated aspergillosis in critically-ill patients—a retrospective bicentric cohort study date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-025861-nsrs6dmc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-025861-nsrs6dmc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-025861-nsrs6dmc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017489-ftz9190a author: Richards, Guy A. title: Viruses in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) date: 2005 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017489-ftz9190a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017489-ftz9190a.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-017489-ftz9190a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017772-zpf1xjqi author: Walter, James M. title: Thrombocytopenia in the Intensive Care Unit date: 2019-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017772-zpf1xjqi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017772-zpf1xjqi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-017772-zpf1xjqi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018801-amet0wx4 author: Park, Caroline title: Care of the Patient with Liver Failure Requiring Transplantation date: 2018-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018801-amet0wx4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018801-amet0wx4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-018801-amet0wx4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035315-j5mknuv5 author: Rahim, Fawad title: Mortality of Patients With Severe COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Study From a Major COVID-19 Receiving Hospital date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035315-j5mknuv5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035315-j5mknuv5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035315-j5mknuv5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256533-slbfft33 author: Gomez Rial, J. title: Increased serum levels of sCD14 and sCD163 indicate a preponderant role for monocytes in COVID-19 immunopathology date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256533-slbfft33.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256533-slbfft33.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-256533-slbfft33.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253049-vm46wq1m author: Rößler, Steve title: Influenza-associated in-hospital mortality during the 2017/2018 influenza season: a retrospective multicentre cohort study in central Germany date: 2020-09-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253049-vm46wq1m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253049-vm46wq1m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253049-vm46wq1m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-026392-cvb44v5v author: Dahlberg, Jørgen title: Barriers and challenges in the process of including critically ill patients in clinical studies date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-026392-cvb44v5v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-026392-cvb44v5v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-026392-cvb44v5v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254818-dzsyuwpy author: Bangash, Mansoor N title: COVID-19 recovery: potential treatments for post-intensive care syndrome date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254818-dzsyuwpy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254818-dzsyuwpy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254818-dzsyuwpy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034578-i9rdubix author: Vaschetto, Rosanna title: Outcomes of COVID-19 patients treated with continuous positive airway pressure outside ICU date: 2020-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034578-i9rdubix.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034578-i9rdubix.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-034578-i9rdubix.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034286-m1c98nv7 author: Wijdicks, Eelco F. M. title: Communicating Neurocritical Illness: The Anatomy of Misunderstanding date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034286-m1c98nv7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034286-m1c98nv7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-034286-m1c98nv7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-201783-66fmse66 author: Maslov, Sergei title: Window of Opportunity for Mitigation to Prevent Overflow of ICU capacity in Chicago by COVID-19 date: 2020-03-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-201783-66fmse66.txt cache: ./cache/cord-201783-66fmse66.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-201783-66fmse66.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260822-4bselbkq author: Lotz, Christopher title: Unconventional approaches to mechanical ventilation—step-by-step through the COVID-19 crisis date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260822-4bselbkq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260822-4bselbkq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260822-4bselbkq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253281-95ubt4k1 author: Wilson, Lauren A. title: Return to Normal: Prioritizing Elective Surgeries With Low Resource Utilization date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253281-95ubt4k1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253281-95ubt4k1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-253281-95ubt4k1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033291-190taco9 author: Aboelnile, Diaaeldin Badr Metwally Kotb title: Prediction of fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients in surgical intensive care unit by pleth variability index and inferior vena cava diameter date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033291-190taco9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033291-190taco9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-033291-190taco9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-103686-er8llst4 author: Carboni Bisso, I. title: Influenza season 2019: analysis of 143 hospitalized cases date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-103686-er8llst4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-103686-er8llst4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-103686-er8llst4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257361-7q0vbvvd author: Lee, James S. title: Critical care for COVID-19 during a humanitarian crisis—lessons learnt from Yemen date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257361-7q0vbvvd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257361-7q0vbvvd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-257361-7q0vbvvd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031710-1xl2isee author: Andrei, Stefan title: Successful treatment of pulmonary haemorrhage and acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by fulminant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia respiratory infection in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia – case report date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031710-1xl2isee.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031710-1xl2isee.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-031710-1xl2isee.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030927-wo8r8zny author: Collins, Curtis D title: Perspectives from the frontline: A pharmacy department’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030927-wo8r8zny.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030927-wo8r8zny.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-030927-wo8r8zny.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-027811-vk3qnumx author: Freedberg, Daniel E. title: Impact of Fiber-Based Enteral Nutrition on the Gut Microbiome of ICU Patients Receiving Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics: A Randomized Pilot Trial date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-027811-vk3qnumx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-027811-vk3qnumx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-027811-vk3qnumx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254990-nrzwn6oz author: Mayer, Kirby P. title: Recovery from COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: the potential role of an intensive care unit recovery clinic: a case report date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254990-nrzwn6oz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254990-nrzwn6oz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254990-nrzwn6oz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031327-uhrkb1p6 author: Koeze, Jacqueline title: Bundled care in acute kidney injury in critically ill patients, a before-after educational intervention study date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031327-uhrkb1p6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031327-uhrkb1p6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-031327-uhrkb1p6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257325-pvf0uon3 author: Zeitoun, Jean-David title: Impact of Local Care Environment and Social Characteristics on Aggregated Hospital-Fatality Rate from COVID-19 in France: Nationwide Observational Study date: 2020-10-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257325-pvf0uon3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257325-pvf0uon3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257325-pvf0uon3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029537-hzy13fuw author: Soltani, Farhad title: The effect of melatonin on reduction in the need for sedative agents and duration of mechanical ventilation in traumatic intracranial hemorrhage patients: a randomized controlled trial date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029537-hzy13fuw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029537-hzy13fuw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-029537-hzy13fuw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035216-gdhz7mr4 author: Li, Xiaoran title: Deep learning prediction of likelihood of ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19 patients using clinical variables date: 2020-11-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035216-gdhz7mr4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035216-gdhz7mr4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-035216-gdhz7mr4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-027678-k64whepc author: Chan, Kai Man title: Pneumonia date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-027678-k64whepc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-027678-k64whepc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-027678-k64whepc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018412-kv3vxmcw author: Bambi, Stefano title: Evolution of Intensive Care Unit Nursing date: 2017-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018412-kv3vxmcw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018412-kv3vxmcw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-018412-kv3vxmcw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031143-a1qyadm6 author: Pinto Neto, Osmar title: Compartmentalized mathematical model to predict future number of active cases and deaths of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031143-a1qyadm6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031143-a1qyadm6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-031143-a1qyadm6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029516-tj93wo1s author: Chelly, Jonathan title: Automated vs. conventional ventilation in the ICU: a randomized controlled crossover trial comparing blood oxygen saturation during daily nursing procedures (I-NURSING) date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029516-tj93wo1s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029516-tj93wo1s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 679 resourceName b'cord-029516-tj93wo1s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255827-xz87wg74 author: Sills, Marion R. title: Inpatient Capacity at Children’s Hospitals during Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Outbreak, United States date: 2011-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255827-xz87wg74.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255827-xz87wg74.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255827-xz87wg74.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017518-u2gsa4lg author: Divatia, J. V. title: Nosocomial Infections and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Cancer Patients date: 2019-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017518-u2gsa4lg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017518-u2gsa4lg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'cord-017518-u2gsa4lg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256294-9gmn4fcj author: Almazrou, Saja H. title: Comparing the impact of Hydroxychloroquine based regimens and standard treatment on COVID-19 patient outcomes: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256294-9gmn4fcj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256294-9gmn4fcj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256294-9gmn4fcj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254688-1poiheen author: De Brouwer, E. title: Can herd immunity be achieved without breaking ICUs? date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254688-1poiheen.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254688-1poiheen.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254688-1poiheen.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018182-lleti89n author: Kassutto, Stacey M. title: Care of the Surgical ICU Patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension date: 2016-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018182-lleti89n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018182-lleti89n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-018182-lleti89n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-021917-z9wpjr0d author: Stephens, R. Scott title: Bioterrorism and the Intensive Care Unit date: 2009-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-021917-z9wpjr0d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-021917-z9wpjr0d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-021917-z9wpjr0d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255256-8uckmya4 author: nan title: Akzeptierte Abstracts für die COVID-19-bedingt abgesagte DGIIN/ÖGIAIN-Jahrestagung 2020 date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255256-8uckmya4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255256-8uckmya4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255256-8uckmya4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255435-mr239gai author: Sher, Yelizaveta title: A CASE REPORT OF COVID-19 ASSOCIATED HYPERACTIVE ICU DELIRIUM WITH PROPOSED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND TREATMENT date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255435-mr239gai.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255435-mr239gai.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255435-mr239gai.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262729-qcijsyo6 author: Eichberg, Daniel G title: Letter: Academic Neurosurgery Department Response to COVID-19 Pandemic: The University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital Model date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262729-qcijsyo6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262729-qcijsyo6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262729-qcijsyo6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029770-72ncfyc5 author: Farasat, Sadaf title: Sleep and Delirium in Older Adults date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029770-72ncfyc5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029770-72ncfyc5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-029770-72ncfyc5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-124012-5zxkd2jy author: Schwab, Patrick title: predCOVID-19: A Systematic Study of Clinical Predictive Models for Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-05-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-124012-5zxkd2jy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-124012-5zxkd2jy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-124012-5zxkd2jy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261354-8uwtwsug author: Settembre, Nicla title: The use of exoskeletons to help with prone positioning in the intensive care unit during COVID-19 date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261354-8uwtwsug.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261354-8uwtwsug.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261354-8uwtwsug.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257504-tqzvdssb author: Dubost, Clément title: Preparation of an intensive care unit in France for the reception of a confirmed case of Ebola virus infection() date: 2015-11-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257504-tqzvdssb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257504-tqzvdssb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257504-tqzvdssb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-048343-nzk8m912 author: Milbrandt, Eric B title: Bench-to-bedside review: Critical illness-associated cognitive dysfunction – mechanisms, markers, and emerging therapeutics date: 2006-11-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-048343-nzk8m912.txt cache: ./cache/cord-048343-nzk8m912.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-048343-nzk8m912.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256424-t3dtabi4 author: Bousbia, Sabri title: Repertoire of Intensive Care Unit Pneumonia Microbiota date: 2012-02-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256424-t3dtabi4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256424-t3dtabi4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256424-t3dtabi4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258027-f3rr5el1 author: Østby, Anne‐Cathrine title: Respiratory virology and microbiology in intensive care units: a prospective cohort study date: 2013-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258027-f3rr5el1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258027-f3rr5el1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258027-f3rr5el1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264907-y4vefr98 author: Renke, Christine title: Utilization of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners as Adult Critical Care Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Novel Approach date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264907-y4vefr98.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264907-y4vefr98.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264907-y4vefr98.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-019043-cqmqwl3i author: Fidalgo, Pedro title: Chronic Kidney Disease in the Intensive Care Unit date: 2014-03-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-019043-cqmqwl3i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-019043-cqmqwl3i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-019043-cqmqwl3i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256790-odlcfhcr author: Alviset, S. title: Continuous positive airway pressure face-mask ventilation to manage massive influx of patients requiring respiratory support during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256790-odlcfhcr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256790-odlcfhcr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256790-odlcfhcr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262022-kvezhyt5 author: Kim, L. title: Interim Analysis of Risk Factors for Severe Outcomes among a Cohort of Hospitalized Adults Identified through the U.S. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262022-kvezhyt5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262022-kvezhyt5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-262022-kvezhyt5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-025164-hqj22yxe author: Renew, J. Ross title: Neuromuscular blockade management in the critically Ill patient date: 2020-05-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-025164-hqj22yxe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-025164-hqj22yxe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-025164-hqj22yxe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256746-ggnd8y06 author: Flythe, Jennifer E. title: Characteristics and Outcomes of Individuals With Pre-existing Kidney Disease and COVID-19 Admitted to Intensive Care Units in the United States date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256746-ggnd8y06.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256746-ggnd8y06.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-256746-ggnd8y06.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-221717-h1h2vd3r author: Scabini, Leonardo F. S. title: Social Interaction Layers in Complex Networks for the Dynamical Epidemic Modeling of COVID-19 in Brazil date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-221717-h1h2vd3r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-221717-h1h2vd3r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-221717-h1h2vd3r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-140624-lphr5prl author: Grundel, Sara title: How much testing and social distancing is required to control COVID-19? Some insight based on an age-differentiated compartmental model date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-140624-lphr5prl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-140624-lphr5prl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-140624-lphr5prl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-009417-458rrhcm author: Luce, Judith A. title: Use of Blood Components in the Intensive Care Unit date: 2009-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-009417-458rrhcm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-009417-458rrhcm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-009417-458rrhcm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264889-1vsvcza2 author: Jackson, Craig T. title: The Ties That Bind: A Coronavirus Disease Journey date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264889-1vsvcza2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264889-1vsvcza2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264889-1vsvcza2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267296-u4svwcpt author: Rauch, Antoine title: Endotheliopathy Is Induced by Plasma From Critically Ill Patients and Associated With Organ Failure in Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267296-u4svwcpt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267296-u4svwcpt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-267296-u4svwcpt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261485-0ke5nqy0 author: Sabir, A. M. title: Effects of Anticoagulants and Corticosteroids therapy in patients affected by severe COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261485-0ke5nqy0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261485-0ke5nqy0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261485-0ke5nqy0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263671-2b54qfo7 author: Soriano, María Cruz title: Low incidence of co-infection, but high incidence of ICU-acquired infections in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263671-2b54qfo7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263671-2b54qfo7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263671-2b54qfo7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264614-2x7cdul3 author: Díaz-Guio, Diego Andrés title: COVID-19: Biosafety in the Intensive Care Unit date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264614-2x7cdul3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264614-2x7cdul3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264614-2x7cdul3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023669-3ataw6gy author: Masur, Henry title: Critically Ill Immunosuppressed Host date: 2009-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023669-3ataw6gy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023669-3ataw6gy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-023669-3ataw6gy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267237-wbwlfx7q author: Gómez-Rial, Jose title: Increased Serum Levels of sCD14 and sCD163 Indicate a Preponderant Role for Monocytes in COVID-19 Immunopathology date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267237-wbwlfx7q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267237-wbwlfx7q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267237-wbwlfx7q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269914-75to9xr2 author: Jansson, Miia title: Artificial Intelligence for clinical decision support in Critical Care, required and accelerated by COVID-19 date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269914-75to9xr2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269914-75to9xr2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-269914-75to9xr2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271536-pscw933i author: Guo, Zhen-Dong title: Aerosol and Surface Distribution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Hospital Wards, Wuhan, China, 2020 date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271536-pscw933i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271536-pscw933i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-271536-pscw933i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266935-bkan3mwy author: Giannakoulis, Vassilis G. title: Effect of Cancer on Clinical Outcomes of Patients With COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis of Patient Data date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266935-bkan3mwy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266935-bkan3mwy.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266935-bkan3mwy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271146-levsbye2 author: Almuabbadi, Basel title: Novel transportation capsule technology could reduce the exposure risk to SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers: A feasibility study date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271146-levsbye2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271146-levsbye2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-271146-levsbye2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272314-6suu8n75 author: Hetland, Breanna title: 2020 - The Year that Needed the Nurse: Considerations for Critical Care Nursing Research and Practice Emerging in the Midst of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272314-6suu8n75.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272314-6suu8n75.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272314-6suu8n75.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275838-un11s2mr author: Levy, Jonathan title: A model for a ventilator-weaning and early rehabilitation unit to deal with post-ICU impairments with severe COVID-19 date: 2020-04-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275838-un11s2mr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275838-un11s2mr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275838-un11s2mr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273350-b2exkw6x author: Soh, Mitsuhito title: Impaired mental health status following ICU care in a patient with COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273350-b2exkw6x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273350-b2exkw6x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273350-b2exkw6x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-234254-svjajpp4 author: Kohler, J. title: Robust and optimal predictive control of the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-234254-svjajpp4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-234254-svjajpp4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-234254-svjajpp4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263883-7ba0huwy author: Ansarin, Khalil title: Effect of bromhexine on clinical outcomes and mortality in COVID-19 patients: A randomized clinical trial date: 2020-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263883-7ba0huwy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263883-7ba0huwy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263883-7ba0huwy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276181-5gh0i394 author: Eimer, J. title: Tocilizumab shortens time on mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276181-5gh0i394.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276181-5gh0i394.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276181-5gh0i394.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263703-5csf9z6s author: Fernandez Villalobos, N. V. title: Quantification of the association between predisposing health conditions, demographic, and behavioural factors with hospitalisation, intensive care unit admission, and death from COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263703-5csf9z6s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263703-5csf9z6s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263703-5csf9z6s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275445-d3i12m3l author: Hashmi, Madiha title: A national survey of critical care services in hospitals accredited for training in a lower-middle income country: Pakistan date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275445-d3i12m3l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275445-d3i12m3l.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275445-d3i12m3l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278638-2dm54f6l author: Huang, Ian title: Lymphopenia in severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278638-2dm54f6l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278638-2dm54f6l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278638-2dm54f6l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277248-7qnymo98 author: dos Reis, Helena Lucia Barroso title: Severe coronavirus infection in pregnancy: challenging cases report date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277248-7qnymo98.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277248-7qnymo98.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277248-7qnymo98.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270628-jtj30v0r author: Alharthy, Abdulrahman title: Prospective Longitudinal Evaluation of Point‐of‐Care Lung Ultrasound in Critically Ill Patients With Severe COVID‐19 Pneumonia date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270628-jtj30v0r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270628-jtj30v0r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270628-jtj30v0r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267373-nzxbogga author: Antinori, Spinello title: Compassionate remdesivir treatment of severe Covid-19 pneumonia in intensive care unit (ICU) and Non-ICU patients: Clinical outcome and differences in post_treatment hospitalisation status date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267373-nzxbogga.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267373-nzxbogga.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267373-nzxbogga.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276359-syr9av09 author: Piva, Simone title: Clinical presentation and initial management critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Brescia, Italy date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276359-syr9av09.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276359-syr9av09.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-276359-syr9av09.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273737-t6j3leec author: Poeran, Jashvant title: Cancellation of Elective Surgery and Intensive Care Unit Capacity in New York State: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273737-t6j3leec.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273737-t6j3leec.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273737-t6j3leec.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268254-1mg7a17c author: Liu, Li title: High neutralizing antibody titer in intensive care unit patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268254-1mg7a17c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268254-1mg7a17c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268254-1mg7a17c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276374-i37ygb2z author: Deasy, Jacob title: Forecasting ultra-early intensive care strain from COVID-19 in England date: 2020-03-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276374-i37ygb2z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276374-i37ygb2z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276374-i37ygb2z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282958-9bi6pobg author: Ganem, Fabiana title: The impact of early social distancing at COVID-19 Outbreak in the largest Metropolitan Area of Brazil. date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282958-9bi6pobg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282958-9bi6pobg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282958-9bi6pobg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268211-egy8rgtl author: Barrasa, Helena title: SARS-Cov-2 in Spanish Intensive Care: Early Experience with 15-day Survival In Vitoria date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268211-egy8rgtl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268211-egy8rgtl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268211-egy8rgtl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272349-cqzfjg5t author: De Lorenzo, Antonino title: Fat mass affects nutritional status of ICU COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272349-cqzfjg5t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272349-cqzfjg5t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272349-cqzfjg5t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288222-8fqfbys2 author: Hardy, Michaël title: Prothrombotic Disturbances of Hemostasis of Patients with Severe COVID-19: a Prospective Longitudinal Observational Study date: 2020-10-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288222-8fqfbys2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288222-8fqfbys2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288222-8fqfbys2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277621-mvsdrxzf author: Canavera, Kristin title: Mental Health Care During and After the ICU: A Call to Action date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277621-mvsdrxzf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277621-mvsdrxzf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-277621-mvsdrxzf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287468-e5h4tmy6 author: Lopez, Alexandre title: Effects of Hydroxychloroquine on Covid-19 in Intensive Care Unit Patients: Preliminary Results date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287468-e5h4tmy6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287468-e5h4tmy6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287468-e5h4tmy6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268662-mw8ec7u2 author: Salton, Francesco title: Prolonged low-dose methylprednisolone in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268662-mw8ec7u2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268662-mw8ec7u2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268662-mw8ec7u2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285381-6e9umbpi author: Fort, Daniel title: Locally Informed Modeling to Predict Hospital and Intensive Care Unit Capacity During the COVID-19 Epidemic date: 2020 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285381-6e9umbpi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285381-6e9umbpi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285381-6e9umbpi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287333-h89tmi0w author: Sanfilippo, Filippo title: The importance of a “socially responsible” approach during COVID-19: the invisible heroes of science in Italy date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287333-h89tmi0w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287333-h89tmi0w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287333-h89tmi0w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283780-h4lwzpl9 author: Zhang, John J Y title: Risk Factors of Severe Disease and Efficacy of Treatment in Patients Infected with COVID-19: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression Analysis date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283780-h4lwzpl9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283780-h4lwzpl9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283780-h4lwzpl9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276952-nkaow79h author: Sim, Starling A. title: Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients in the Era of Molecular Testing date: 2018-03-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276952-nkaow79h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276952-nkaow79h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-276952-nkaow79h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-015082-l629n8is author: nan title: Poster Sessions 323-461 date: 2002-08-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-015082-l629n8is.txt cache: ./cache/cord-015082-l629n8is.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-015082-l629n8is.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264829-ynel6ore author: Momtazmanesh, Sara title: Cardiovascular disease in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 10,898 patients and proposal of a triage risk stratification tool date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264829-ynel6ore.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264829-ynel6ore.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264829-ynel6ore.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270837-xvauo76d author: Hui, David S. title: The 1-Year Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome on Pulmonary Function, Exercise Capacity, and Quality of Life in a Cohort of Survivors date: 2005-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270837-xvauo76d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270837-xvauo76d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-270837-xvauo76d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265022-p5cab562 author: Kotfis, Katarzyna title: COVID-19: ICU delirium management during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265022-p5cab562.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265022-p5cab562.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-265022-p5cab562.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287132-ellr5l4z author: Reif, Sarah Jordan title: A pilot volunteer reader programme decreases delirium days in critically ill, adult ICU patients date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287132-ellr5l4z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287132-ellr5l4z.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287132-ellr5l4z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289304-9srk0ohb author: Bagnato, Sergio title: Critical illness myopathy after COVID-19 date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289304-9srk0ohb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289304-9srk0ohb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289304-9srk0ohb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277879-7ftu9b9q author: Martinez-Sanz, J. title: Effects of Tocilizumab on Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Multicenter Cohort Study date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277879-7ftu9b9q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277879-7ftu9b9q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277879-7ftu9b9q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278993-w5aa0elj author: Tonetti, Tommaso title: Use of critical care resources during the first 2 weeks (February 24–March 8, 2020) of the Covid-19 outbreak in Italy date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278993-w5aa0elj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278993-w5aa0elj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-278993-w5aa0elj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278838-qraq5aho author: Mirouse, Adrien title: Severe varicella-zoster virus pneumonia: a multicenter cohort study date: 2017-06-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278838-qraq5aho.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278838-qraq5aho.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278838-qraq5aho.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289188-hf9sh9vs author: Salazar, M. R. title: EFFECT OF CONVALESCENT PLASMA ON MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 PNEUMONIA date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289188-hf9sh9vs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289188-hf9sh9vs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-289188-hf9sh9vs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276808-sax7qc85 author: Rosas, I. title: Tocilizumab in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276808-sax7qc85.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276808-sax7qc85.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-276808-sax7qc85.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284883-bkydu285 author: Luis Silva, L. title: Brazil Health Care System preparation against COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284883-bkydu285.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284883-bkydu285.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284883-bkydu285.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286837-j2sqs20q author: Koetsier, Antonie title: Do Intensive Care Data on Respiratory Infections Reflect Influenza Epidemics? date: 2013-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286837-j2sqs20q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286837-j2sqs20q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-286837-j2sqs20q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284177-otr38534 author: Wax, Randy S. title: Preparing the Intensive Care Unit for Disaster date: 2019-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284177-otr38534.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284177-otr38534.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-284177-otr38534.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-015090-n6f4xupw author: nan title: PS 339-563 date: 2005-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-015090-n6f4xupw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-015090-n6f4xupw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-015090-n6f4xupw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276782-3fpmatkb author: Garbey, M. title: A Model of Workflow in the Hospital During a Pandemic to Assist Management date: 2020-05-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276782-3fpmatkb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276782-3fpmatkb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-276782-3fpmatkb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276676-lgt0rzob author: Moka, Eleni title: Best Practice in Cardiac Anesthesia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Practical Recommendations date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276676-lgt0rzob.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276676-lgt0rzob.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-276676-lgt0rzob.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280942-ej8fx52u author: Daunizeau, J. title: On the reliability of model-based predictions in the context of the current COVID epidemic event: impact of outbreak peak phase and data paucity date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280942-ej8fx52u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280942-ej8fx52u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280942-ej8fx52u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262623-lmf2h6oc author: Light, R. Bruce title: Plagues in the ICU: A Brief History of Community-Acquired Epidemic and Endemic Transmissible Infections Leading to Intensive Care Admission date: 2009-01-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262623-lmf2h6oc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262623-lmf2h6oc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-262623-lmf2h6oc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279520-zccd1mq5 author: Christian, Michael D. title: Possible SARS Coronavirus Transmission during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation date: 2004-02-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279520-zccd1mq5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279520-zccd1mq5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279520-zccd1mq5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287628-lzqsh3jf author: Gomersall, Charles D. title: Transmission of SARS to healthcare workers. The experience of a Hong Kong ICU date: 2006-02-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287628-lzqsh3jf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287628-lzqsh3jf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287628-lzqsh3jf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275457-buq2d4k2 author: Jannes, G. title: Beta regression with spatio-temporal effects as a tool for hospital impact analysis of initial phase epidemics: the case of COVID-19 in Spain date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275457-buq2d4k2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275457-buq2d4k2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275457-buq2d4k2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294591-793ywpcd author: Hu, Xiaoyun title: Self-Reported Use of Personal Protective Equipment among Chinese Critical Care Clinicians during 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic date: 2012-09-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294591-793ywpcd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294591-793ywpcd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294591-793ywpcd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290140-mmbzxz06 author: Lord, Heidi title: Effective communication is key to ICU nurses willingness to provide nursing care amidst the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290140-mmbzxz06.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290140-mmbzxz06.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290140-mmbzxz06.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284417-pmn6ll1q author: Mulet Bayona, Juan V. title: Characteristics and Management of Candidaemia Episodes in an Established Candida auris Outbreak date: 2020-08-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284417-pmn6ll1q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284417-pmn6ll1q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-284417-pmn6ll1q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287102-o19uwryp author: Amit, Moran title: Clinical Course and Outcomes of Severe Covid-19: A National Scale Study date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287102-o19uwryp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287102-o19uwryp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287102-o19uwryp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291421-mrm9paiq author: Meijer, Eelco F. J. title: Azole-Resistant COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis in an Immunocompetent Host: A Case Report date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291421-mrm9paiq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291421-mrm9paiq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291421-mrm9paiq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034185-e0am7pa6 author: Piccioni, Federico title: Recommendations from the Italian intersociety consensus on Perioperative Anesthesa Care in Thoracic surgery (PACTS) part 2: intraoperative and postoperative care date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034185-e0am7pa6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034185-e0am7pa6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-034185-e0am7pa6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291955-mlju5f9u author: Haas, Lenneke E. M. title: Should we deny ICU admission to the elderly? Ethical considerations in times of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291955-mlju5f9u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291955-mlju5f9u.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291955-mlju5f9u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290658-r2bqqovo author: Qian, Hao title: Myocardial Injury on Admission as a Risk in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: a Retrospective in-ICU Study date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290658-r2bqqovo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290658-r2bqqovo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290658-r2bqqovo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284526-a5kgo4ct author: Gavriilaki, Eleni title: Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Lessons Learned from Coronaviruses date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284526-a5kgo4ct.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284526-a5kgo4ct.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284526-a5kgo4ct.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285291-pep4opiq author: Remy, Kenneth E. title: Caring for Critically Ill Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a PICU: Recommendations by Dual Trained Intensivists* date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285291-pep4opiq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285291-pep4opiq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285291-pep4opiq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288580-onzzpkye author: HALAÇLI, Burçin title: Critically ill COVID-19 patient date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288580-onzzpkye.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288580-onzzpkye.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-288580-onzzpkye.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293552-k3wvvnmd author: Yifan, Tang title: Symptom Cluster of ICU nurses treating COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Wuhan, China date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293552-k3wvvnmd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293552-k3wvvnmd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'cord-293552-k3wvvnmd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-014670-e31g8lns author: nan title: Poster Sessions 313-503 date: 2004-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-014670-e31g8lns.txt cache: ./cache/cord-014670-e31g8lns.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'cord-014670-e31g8lns.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 25018 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 25326 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 26108 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 26885 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 24789 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 25392 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278325-ykcd7d59 author: Cheung, Carmen Ka Man title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Haematologist's Perspective date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278325-ykcd7d59.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278325-ykcd7d59.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278325-ykcd7d59.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289550-b8f4a7o3 author: Neuwirth, C. title: Investigating duration and intensity of Covid-19 social-distancing strategies date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289550-b8f4a7o3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289550-b8f4a7o3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289550-b8f4a7o3.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 26118 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 26343 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 26487 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 26510 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 26836 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294992-p50jdpt7 author: Levy, Yael title: Unexpected benefits of the COVID challenge: When critically ill adult patients are managed in a pediatric PACU date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294992-p50jdpt7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294992-p50jdpt7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-294992-p50jdpt7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291742-donflx7w author: Khan, Raymond M. title: Implementing the comprehensive unit-based safety program model to improve the management of mechanically ventilated patients in Saudi Arabia date: 2018-09-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291742-donflx7w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291742-donflx7w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291742-donflx7w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291886-phl8kh3f author: Anthi, Anastasia title: A Severe COVID-19 Case Complicated by Right Atrium Thrombus date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291886-phl8kh3f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291886-phl8kh3f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291886-phl8kh3f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291434-oktu3ieq author: Krishna, Lalit Kumar Radha title: The role of palliative medicine in ICU bed allocation in COVID-19: a joint position statement of the Singapore Hospice Council and the Chapter of Palliative Medicine Physicians date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291434-oktu3ieq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291434-oktu3ieq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291434-oktu3ieq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299650-lhphdjeu author: Whittle, John title: Persistent hypermetabolism and longitudinal energy expenditure in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299650-lhphdjeu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299650-lhphdjeu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-299650-lhphdjeu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295287-j3gm9vpz author: Michard, Frédéric title: Haemodynamic Monitoring and Management in COVID-19 Intensive Care Patients: An International Survey date: 2020-08-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295287-j3gm9vpz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295287-j3gm9vpz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-295287-j3gm9vpz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292856-7hjzzxtm author: Viasus, Diego title: Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09-related pneumonia and other complications date: 2012-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292856-7hjzzxtm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292856-7hjzzxtm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292856-7hjzzxtm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295712-35i0mhz4 author: Fox, Gregory J title: Modelling the impact of COVID‐19 on intensive care services in New South Wales date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295712-35i0mhz4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295712-35i0mhz4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295712-35i0mhz4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300892-zzl0c9nj author: Sukhonthamarn, Kamolsak title: Response to Letter to the Editor titled ‘Risk Modeling for Unplanned Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Admission’ date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300892-zzl0c9nj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300892-zzl0c9nj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300892-zzl0c9nj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293093-cq43592t author: Ismaeil, Taha title: Survival of mechanically ventilated patients admitted to intensive care units: Results from a tertiary care center between 2016-2018 date: 2019-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293093-cq43592t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293093-cq43592t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-293093-cq43592t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297544-h5dsnex9 author: Kulkarni, Sagar title: The bone prone team date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297544-h5dsnex9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297544-h5dsnex9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-297544-h5dsnex9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290326-umv0q4d7 author: Stachowska, Ewa title: Nutritional Support in Coronavirus 2019 Disease date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290326-umv0q4d7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290326-umv0q4d7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290326-umv0q4d7.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 28741 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 28434 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 27972 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292273-xu9pb9ul author: Guillamet, C. V. title: TOWARD A COVID-19 SCORE-RISK ASSESSMENTS AND REGISTRY date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292273-xu9pb9ul.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292273-xu9pb9ul.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-292273-xu9pb9ul.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 31945 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295329-y7rx3ky4 author: Mattioli, Francesco title: Tracheostomy in the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295329-y7rx3ky4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295329-y7rx3ky4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295329-y7rx3ky4.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 29332 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 29703 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 78919 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 29894 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297682-knd6avhu author: Mulpuru, Sunita title: Hospital Resource Utilization and Patient Outcomes Associated with Respiratory Viral Testing in Hospitalized Patients date: 2015-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297682-knd6avhu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297682-knd6avhu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-297682-knd6avhu.txt' parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291481-ov1gkgpc author: Bonizzoli, Manuela title: Human herpesviruses respiratory infections in patients with acute respiratory distress (ARDS) date: 2016-05-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291481-ov1gkgpc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291481-ov1gkgpc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291481-ov1gkgpc.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 30261 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292474-dmgd99d6 author: Berardi, Giammauro title: Continuing our work: transplant surgery and surgical oncology in a tertiary referral COVID-19 center date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292474-dmgd99d6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292474-dmgd99d6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-292474-dmgd99d6.txt' parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 31117 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 29813 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 31413 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297062-dmiplvt2 author: Almekhlafi, Ghaleb A. title: Presentation and outcome of Middle East respiratory syndrome in Saudi intensive care unit patients date: 2016-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297062-dmiplvt2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297062-dmiplvt2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-297062-dmiplvt2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297327-19dfgfz6 author: Drożdżal, Sylwester title: COVID-19: Pain Management in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection—Molecular Mechanisms, Challenges, and Perspectives date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297327-19dfgfz6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297327-19dfgfz6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-297327-19dfgfz6.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 33804 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295332-wlnss6bg author: AL Shareef, Khaled title: Cytokine Blood Filtration Responses in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295332-wlnss6bg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295332-wlnss6bg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295332-wlnss6bg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296511-y2vhh6oq author: Zhang, YiMin title: Prevalence and characteristics of hypoxic hepatitis in the largest single-centre cohort of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus-infected patients with severe liver impairment in the intensive care unit date: 2016-01-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296511-y2vhh6oq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296511-y2vhh6oq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296511-y2vhh6oq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300897-lih5f6cj author: Du, Bin title: Clinical review: Critical care medicine in mainland China date: 2010-02-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300897-lih5f6cj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300897-lih5f6cj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300897-lih5f6cj.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 31912 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290460-d5e6y2r8 author: Knighton, Andrew J. title: Multi-factorial barriers and facilitators to high adherence to lung-protective ventilation using a computerized protocol: a mixed methods study date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290460-d5e6y2r8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290460-d5e6y2r8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290460-d5e6y2r8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259984-csdf1a69 author: Raffiq, Azman title: COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Neurosurgery Practice in Malaysia: Academic Insights, Clinical Experience and Protocols from March till August 2020 date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259984-csdf1a69.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259984-csdf1a69.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259984-csdf1a69.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299104-kb5gsig5 author: Riou, Marianne title: Clinical characteristics of and outcomes for patients with COVID-19 and comorbid lung diseases primarily hospitalized in a conventional pulmonology unit: a retrospective study date: 2020-11-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299104-kb5gsig5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299104-kb5gsig5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299104-kb5gsig5.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 34022 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 34515 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 35173 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 34756 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 35219 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 34649 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 34876 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 35112 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 35167 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 35363 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300230-a3jk6w90 author: Ding, Ji-Guang title: Retrospective analysis of nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in China during 2003 and 2007 date: 2009-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300230-a3jk6w90.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300230-a3jk6w90.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-300230-a3jk6w90.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 34598 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289973-1mczuxsy author: Biran, Noa title: Tocilizumab among patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit: a multicentre observational study date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289973-1mczuxsy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289973-1mczuxsy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289973-1mczuxsy.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 35868 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 36247 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 36224 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296435-6dergkha author: Wang, Tiehua title: Thrombocytopenia Is Associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Mortality: An International Study date: 2014-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296435-6dergkha.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296435-6dergkha.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296435-6dergkha.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 36293 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299254-kqpnwkg5 author: Sun, Yingcheng title: INSMA: An integrated system for multimodal data acquisition and analysis in the intensive care unit date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299254-kqpnwkg5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299254-kqpnwkg5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-299254-kqpnwkg5.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 36223 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305575-mdy0fcnn author: Zampieri, Fernando Godinho title: How to evaluate intensive care unit performance during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305575-mdy0fcnn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305575-mdy0fcnn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-305575-mdy0fcnn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304736-lkjsh3fu author: Taccone, Fabio Silvio title: Higher Intensity Thromboprophylaxis Regimens and Pulmonary Embolism in Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304736-lkjsh3fu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304736-lkjsh3fu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-304736-lkjsh3fu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301011-xbuqd0j5 author: Felten-Barentsz, Karin M title: Recommendations for Hospital-Based Physical Therapists Managing Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301011-xbuqd0j5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301011-xbuqd0j5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301011-xbuqd0j5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287732-abzpfdcu author: Martindale, Robert title: Nutrition Therapy in Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease (COVID‐19) date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287732-abzpfdcu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287732-abzpfdcu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287732-abzpfdcu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302393-hrz3bypr author: Omrani, Ali S. title: The first consecutive 5000 patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 from Qatar; a nation-wide cohort study date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302393-hrz3bypr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302393-hrz3bypr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302393-hrz3bypr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292490-djp9onk5 author: Verma, V. R. title: Projecting Demand-Supply Gap of Hospital Capacity in India in the face of COVID-19 pandemic using Age-Structured Deterministic SEIR model date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292490-djp9onk5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292490-djp9onk5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292490-djp9onk5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304061-nfpzcago author: Crispi, F. title: LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AS A RISK FACTOR FOR SEVERE COVID-19 IN ADULTS date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304061-nfpzcago.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304061-nfpzcago.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304061-nfpzcago.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302997-39o08tt1 author: Ceruti, S. title: Reduced mortality and shorten ICU stay in SARS-COV-2 pneumonia: a low PEEP strategy date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302997-39o08tt1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302997-39o08tt1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-302997-39o08tt1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305074-wz17u4e7 author: Fernandez, Javier title: Plasma Exchange: An Effective Rescue Therapy in Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305074-wz17u4e7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305074-wz17u4e7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305074-wz17u4e7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303024-a1y01vdv author: Alshukry, A. title: Clinical characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Kuwait date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303024-a1y01vdv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303024-a1y01vdv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-303024-a1y01vdv.txt' === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 40843 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 34021 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 38460 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 41285 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 40729 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 42160 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 42758 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306315-vt2e0crh author: Elabbadi, Alexandre title: Respiratory virus-associated infections in HIV-infected adults admitted to the intensive care unit for acute respiratory failure: a 6-year bicenter retrospective study (HIV-VIR study) date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306315-vt2e0crh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306315-vt2e0crh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-306315-vt2e0crh.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 43882 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 42166 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294270-do6i6ymq author: Banu, Buyukaydin title: Pneumonia date: 2019-11-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294270-do6i6ymq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294270-do6i6ymq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-294270-do6i6ymq.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 42671 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 42278 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 44830 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 43401 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 43933 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 43728 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 43730 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 43869 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 44681 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 44910 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 45201 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 45129 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 42071 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 44195 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 45280 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 45809 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 93. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 45709 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308188-oid3n8qf author: Cuquemelle, E. title: Can procalcitonin help identify associated bacterial infection in patients with severe influenza pneumonia? A multicentre study date: 2011-03-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308188-oid3n8qf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308188-oid3n8qf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308188-oid3n8qf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318954-pj5lsvsa author: Arabi, Yaseen title: Feasibility, safety, clinical, and laboratory effects of convalescent plasma therapy for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a study protocol date: 2015-11-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318954-pj5lsvsa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318954-pj5lsvsa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318954-pj5lsvsa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319427-jkxioc1j author: Mughal, Mohsin Sheraz title: The prevalence of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG antibodies in intensive care unit (ICU) healthcare personnel (HCP) and its implications—a single-center, prospective, pilot study date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319427-jkxioc1j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319427-jkxioc1j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-319427-jkxioc1j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313980-jutof78v author: van de Veerdonk, F. L. title: A systems approach to inflammation identifies therapeutic targets in SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-05-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313980-jutof78v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313980-jutof78v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-313980-jutof78v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325941-1sogg526 author: Komaru, Yohei title: Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325941-1sogg526.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325941-1sogg526.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325941-1sogg526.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 46406 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 46483 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325021-rv5fsitx author: Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto title: Bloodstream infections in critically ill patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325021-rv5fsitx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325021-rv5fsitx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325021-rv5fsitx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323180-3ih0i81s author: Pardo, Emmanuel title: Nutritional support for critically ill patients with COVID-19: New strategy for a new disease? date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323180-3ih0i81s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323180-3ih0i81s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323180-3ih0i81s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318920-njurbf3d author: Romana Ponziani, Francesca title: Liver involvement is not associated with mortality: results from a large cohort of SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318920-njurbf3d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318920-njurbf3d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318920-njurbf3d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326989-l8nfd03a author: Cammarota, Gianmaria title: Critical Care Surge Capacity to Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: A Rapid and Affordable Solution in the Novara Hospital date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326989-l8nfd03a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326989-l8nfd03a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326989-l8nfd03a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311074-j3fw4dfc author: Alviset, Sophie title: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) face-mask ventilation is an easy and cheap option to manage a massive influx of patients presenting acute respiratory failure during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311074-j3fw4dfc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311074-j3fw4dfc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311074-j3fw4dfc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322167-cpjkltsu author: Stubington, Thomas J. title: Tracheotomy in COVID‐19 patients: Optimizing patient selection and identifying prognostic indicators date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322167-cpjkltsu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322167-cpjkltsu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322167-cpjkltsu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325290-hbzbyqi4 author: Payne, Anna title: Redeployment of surgical trainees to intensive care during the COVID-19 pandemic: evaluation of the impact on training and wellbeing date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325290-hbzbyqi4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325290-hbzbyqi4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325290-hbzbyqi4.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 48793 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 49404 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324869-f14n0hk6 author: Khan, Hafiz Muhammad Waqas title: Unusual Early Recovery of a Critical COVID-19 Patient After Administration of Intravenous Vitamin C date: 2020-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324869-f14n0hk6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324869-f14n0hk6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-324869-f14n0hk6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303292-iheq50ub author: De Jong, Audrey title: How to ventilate obese patients in the ICU date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303292-iheq50ub.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303292-iheq50ub.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303292-iheq50ub.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312467-kbhljong author: Boilève, Alice title: COVID-19 management in a cancer center: the ICU storm date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312467-kbhljong.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312467-kbhljong.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312467-kbhljong.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326644-5war06j2 author: Supino, M. title: World governments should protect their population from COVID-19 pandemic using Italy and Lombardy as precursor date: 2020-03-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326644-5war06j2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326644-5war06j2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326644-5war06j2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-015372-76xvzvdg author: nan title: National scientific medical meeting 1996 abstracts date: 1996 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-015372-76xvzvdg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-015372-76xvzvdg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-015372-76xvzvdg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312864-km07zhn1 author: Potalivo, A. title: Sixty-day mortality among 520 Italian hospitalized COVID-19 patients according to the adopted ventilatory strategy in the context of an integrated multidisciplinary clinical organization: a population-based cohort study date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312864-km07zhn1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312864-km07zhn1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312864-km07zhn1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324764-w68y4fjw author: Rodriguez-Rubio, Miguel title: The Role of the Pediatric Intensivist in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324764-w68y4fjw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324764-w68y4fjw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324764-w68y4fjw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329727-h47q76y8 author: Sisó-Almirall, Antoni title: Prognostic factors in Spanish COVID-19 patients: A case series from Barcelona date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329727-h47q76y8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329727-h47q76y8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329727-h47q76y8.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 50286 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 87844 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 49632 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 50188 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 51078 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 51707 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 50498 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322243-5js5nudx author: Mac, S. title: COVID-19 Demographics, Acute Care Resource Use and Mortality by Age and Sex in Ontario, Canada: Population-based Retrospective Cohort Analysis date: 2020-11-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322243-5js5nudx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322243-5js5nudx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322243-5js5nudx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321149-hffj7s4o author: Schmidt, Matthieu title: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321149-hffj7s4o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321149-hffj7s4o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-321149-hffj7s4o.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 51230 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325599-2gutb4m1 author: Lapidus, Nathanael title: Biased and unbiased estimation of the average length of stay in intensive care units in the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325599-2gutb4m1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325599-2gutb4m1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325599-2gutb4m1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322533-adqqm0n9 author: Sha, Dexuan title: Spatiotemporal analysis of medical resource deficiencies in the U.S. under COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322533-adqqm0n9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322533-adqqm0n9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322533-adqqm0n9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326315-ncfxlnpj author: Cillóniz, Catia title: Community-acquired polymicrobial pneumonia in the intensive care unit: aetiology and prognosis date: 2011-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326315-ncfxlnpj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326315-ncfxlnpj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-326315-ncfxlnpj.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 51537 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 52010 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 52999 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 52770 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 53676 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 54066 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 52994 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 78259 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320572-94fvtj4a author: Wendel Garcia, Pedro David title: Prognostic factors associated with mortality risk and disease progression in 639 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Europe: Initial report of the international RISC-19-ICU prospective observational cohort date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320572-94fvtj4a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320572-94fvtj4a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320572-94fvtj4a.txt' === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 53823 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 53305 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326708-92lsnv4g author: Craig, J. title: Estimating critical care capacity needs and gaps in Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326708-92lsnv4g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326708-92lsnv4g.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326708-92lsnv4g.txt' === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes id: cord-318984-8m9ygzn5 author: Chen, Yin-Yin title: Surveillance on secular trends of incidence and mortality for device–associated infection in the intensive care unit setting at a tertiary medical center in Taiwan, 2000–2008: A retrospective observational study date: 2012-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318984-8m9ygzn5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318984-8m9ygzn5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318984-8m9ygzn5.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 53468 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 54039 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 55353 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339478-v7by6dnp author: Kessler, Remi A. title: Changes in Neurosurgery Resident Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Institutional Experience from a Global Epicenter date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339478-v7by6dnp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339478-v7by6dnp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339478-v7by6dnp.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 54728 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 55319 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 54324 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 55526 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343555-pre6bzne author: Kalligeros, Markos title: Association of Obesity with Disease Severity among Patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343555-pre6bzne.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343555-pre6bzne.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-343555-pre6bzne.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327452-fl7yrpzs author: Sayde, George title: Implementing an intensive care unit (ICU) diary program at a Large Academic Medical Center: Results from a randomized control trial evaluating psychological morbidity associated with critical illness date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327452-fl7yrpzs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327452-fl7yrpzs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-327452-fl7yrpzs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321735-c40m2o5l author: Manca, Davide title: A simplified math approach to predict ICU beds and mortality rate for hospital emergency planning under Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321735-c40m2o5l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321735-c40m2o5l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321735-c40m2o5l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339670-lq46nj8j author: Takahashi, Nozomi title: Clinical course of a critically ill patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339670-lq46nj8j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339670-lq46nj8j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-339670-lq46nj8j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339015-qn8wbnlw author: Kayingo, Gerald title: Bacteria and Viruses: The Bogeymen in the Intensive Care Unit date: 2019-03-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339015-qn8wbnlw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339015-qn8wbnlw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339015-qn8wbnlw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331481-zeaqi1uc author: Al-Ani, Fatimah title: Thrombosis risk associated with COVID-19 infection. A scoping review date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331481-zeaqi1uc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331481-zeaqi1uc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331481-zeaqi1uc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336973-z8mwzmf6 author: Rubulotta, Francesca title: In Response date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336973-z8mwzmf6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336973-z8mwzmf6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336973-z8mwzmf6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342680-1cr2ph8x author: Sarpong, Nana O. title: What’s Important: Redeployment of the Orthopaedic Surgeon During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from the Trenches date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342680-1cr2ph8x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342680-1cr2ph8x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342680-1cr2ph8x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335802-1kiqfy68 author: Azoulay, Elie title: Increased mortality in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted within seven days of disease onset date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335802-1kiqfy68.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335802-1kiqfy68.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-335802-1kiqfy68.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338403-mfde6juv author: Li, Bo title: Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China date: 2020-03-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338403-mfde6juv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338403-mfde6juv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-338403-mfde6juv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334834-qg23x2pw author: Marshall, Andrea P. title: A critical care pandemic staffing framework in Australia date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334834-qg23x2pw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334834-qg23x2pw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-334834-qg23x2pw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346229-jxlrz0ce author: Craxì, Lucia title: Rationing in a Pandemic: Lessons from Italy date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346229-jxlrz0ce.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346229-jxlrz0ce.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-346229-jxlrz0ce.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341088-bqdvx458 author: Rice, Ken title: Effect of school closures on mortality from coronavirus disease 2019: old and new predictions date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341088-bqdvx458.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341088-bqdvx458.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-341088-bqdvx458.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331500-l3hkn2li author: Luyt, Charles-Edouard title: Pulmonary infections complicating ARDS date: 2020-11-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331500-l3hkn2li.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331500-l3hkn2li.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-331500-l3hkn2li.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340069-v7yrc0q5 author: Al Maani, Amal title: Ongoing Challenges with Healthcare-Associated Candida auris Outbreaks in Oman date: 2019-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340069-v7yrc0q5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340069-v7yrc0q5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340069-v7yrc0q5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353069-xkb3xy6k author: Vellieux, Geoffroy title: COVID-19 associated encephalopathy: is there a specific EEG pattern? date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353069-xkb3xy6k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353069-xkb3xy6k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353069-xkb3xy6k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339695-3ij5pjjy author: Nopp, Stephan title: Risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339695-3ij5pjjy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339695-3ij5pjjy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339695-3ij5pjjy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336395-v157jzvv author: Battaglini, Denise title: Chest physiotherapy: an important adjuvant in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336395-v157jzvv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336395-v157jzvv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336395-v157jzvv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351943-ouukwv73 author: Frobert, Emilie title: Respiratory viruses in children admitted to hospital intensive care units: Evaluating the CLART® Pneumovir DNA array, , date: 2010-11-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351943-ouukwv73.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351943-ouukwv73.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351943-ouukwv73.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347662-yk3cz0hq author: Li, Michael title: Tocilizumab in the Management of COVID-19: A Preliminary Report date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347662-yk3cz0hq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347662-yk3cz0hq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347662-yk3cz0hq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346811-gorp9n1g author: Hippisley-Cox, Julia title: Risk of severe COVID-19 disease with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: cohort study including 8.3 million people date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346811-gorp9n1g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346811-gorp9n1g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-346811-gorp9n1g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352280-nn1rgdw0 author: Mayorga, Lía title: Detection and isolation of asymptomatic individuals can make the difference in COVID-19 epidemic management date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352280-nn1rgdw0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352280-nn1rgdw0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-352280-nn1rgdw0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354167-j6l3hq1h author: Algassim, Abdulrahman A. title: Prognostic significance of hemoglobin level and autoimmune hemolytic anemia in SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354167-j6l3hq1h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354167-j6l3hq1h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354167-j6l3hq1h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355410-oinbicza author: Kormann, Raphaël title: Coronavirus disease 2019: acute Fanconi syndrome precedes acute kidney injury date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355410-oinbicza.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355410-oinbicza.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355410-oinbicza.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346062-q0trgj12 author: Robert, René title: Ethical dilemmas due to the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346062-q0trgj12.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346062-q0trgj12.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-346062-q0trgj12.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352065-960xqft4 author: Rello, Jordi title: Update in COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit from the 2020 HELLENIC Athens International Symposium date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352065-960xqft4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352065-960xqft4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352065-960xqft4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354194-hf5ndv5f author: Cook, Mackenzie title: Prioritizing Communication in the Provision of Palliative Care for the Trauma Patient date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354194-hf5ndv5f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354194-hf5ndv5f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354194-hf5ndv5f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-133273-kvyzuayp author: Christ, Andreas title: Artificial Intelligence: Research Impact on Key Industries; the Upper-Rhine Artificial Intelligence Symposium (UR-AI 2020) date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-133273-kvyzuayp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-133273-kvyzuayp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-133273-kvyzuayp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006869-g2q1gpp0 author: nan title: Neurocritical Care Society 7th Annual Meeting date: 2009-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006869-g2q1gpp0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006869-g2q1gpp0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-006869-g2q1gpp0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292094-vmsdhccp author: Mandell, Lionel A. title: Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults date: 2007-03-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292094-vmsdhccp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292094-vmsdhccp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-292094-vmsdhccp.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 78555 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 91084 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005777-6rvfsx4p author: nan title: PS 0420-0716 date: 2007-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005777-6rvfsx4p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005777-6rvfsx4p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'cord-005777-6rvfsx4p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005646-xhx9pzhj author: nan title: 2nd World Congress on Pediatric Intensive Care 1996 Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 23–26 June 1996 Abstracts of Oral Presentations, Posters and Nursing Programme date: 1996 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005646-xhx9pzhj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005646-xhx9pzhj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'cord-005646-xhx9pzhj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005881-oswgjaxz author: nan title: Abstracts: 11(th) European Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery May 15–18, 2010 Brussels, Belgium date: 2010 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005881-oswgjaxz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005881-oswgjaxz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'cord-005881-oswgjaxz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023592-w96h4rir author: nan title: Abstracts cont. date: 2015-12-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023592-w96h4rir.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023592-w96h4rir.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-023592-w96h4rir.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006880-9dgmdtj8 author: nan title: Neurocritical Care Society 10th Annual Meeting: October 4 - 7, 2012 Sheraton Denver Downtown Hotel Denver, Colorado date: 2012-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006880-9dgmdtj8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006880-9dgmdtj8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-006880-9dgmdtj8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-014996-p6q0f37c author: nan title: Posters_Monday_12 October 2009 date: 2009-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-014996-p6q0f37c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-014996-p6q0f37c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 9 resourceName b'cord-014996-p6q0f37c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005816-i54q5gsu author: nan title: 10(th) European Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery: May 13–17, 2009 Antalya, Turkey date: 2009-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005816-i54q5gsu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005816-i54q5gsu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 10 resourceName b'cord-005816-i54q5gsu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-014533-6qfecv5h author: Velasquez, T. title: ESICM LIVES 2016: part three: Milan, Italy. 1–5 October 2016 date: 2016-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-014533-6qfecv5h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-014533-6qfecv5h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 9 resourceName b'cord-014533-6qfecv5h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006182-kck5e1ry author: nan title: 17th Annual Meeting, Neurocritical Care Society, October 15–18, 2019, Vancouver, Canada date: 2019-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006182-kck5e1ry.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006182-kck5e1ry.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'cord-006182-kck5e1ry.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005727-li8pwigg author: nan title: ESICM 2010 MONDAY SESSIONS 11 October 2010 date: 2010-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005727-li8pwigg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005727-li8pwigg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 8 resourceName b'cord-005727-li8pwigg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335975-m6lkrehi author: nan title: Proceedings of Réanimation 2018, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress date: 2018-02-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335975-m6lkrehi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335975-m6lkrehi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 10 resourceName b'cord-335975-m6lkrehi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-014464-m5n250r2 author: Sole-Violan, J title: Lethal influenza virus A H1N1 infection in two relatives with autosomal dominant GATA-2 deficiency date: 2013-03-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-014464-m5n250r2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-014464-m5n250r2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 10 resourceName b'cord-014464-m5n250r2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005497-w81ysjf9 author: nan title: 40th International Symposium on Intensive Care & Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 24-27 March 2020 date: 2020-03-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005497-w81ysjf9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005497-w81ysjf9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'cord-005497-w81ysjf9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355038-o2hr5mox author: nan title: Proceedings of Réanimation 2020, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress date: 2020-02-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355038-o2hr5mox.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355038-o2hr5mox.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 14 resourceName b'cord-355038-o2hr5mox.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341063-3rqnu5bu author: nan title: 38th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 20-23 March 2018 date: 2018-03-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341063-3rqnu5bu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341063-3rqnu5bu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 8 resourceName b'cord-341063-3rqnu5bu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010980-sizuef1v author: nan title: ECTES Abstracts 2020 date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 11 resourceName b'cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006870-f5w6fw6q author: nan title: Abstracts Presented at the Neurocritical Care Society (NCS) 15th Annual Meeting date: 2017-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006870-f5w6fw6q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006870-f5w6fw6q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'cord-006870-f5w6fw6q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022501-9wnmdvg5 author: nan title: P1460 – P1884 date: 2015-12-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022501-9wnmdvg5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022501-9wnmdvg5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 21 resourceName b'cord-022501-9wnmdvg5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022633-fr55uod6 author: nan title: SAEM Abstracts, Plenary Session date: 2012-04-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022633-fr55uod6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022633-fr55uod6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 10 resourceName b'cord-022633-fr55uod6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-015021-pol2qm74 author: nan title: Third International Congress on the Immune Consequences of Trauma, Shock and Sepsis —Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches date: 1994 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-015021-pol2qm74.txt cache: ./cache/cord-015021-pol2qm74.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 12 resourceName b'cord-015021-pol2qm74.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005814-ak5pq312 author: nan title: 8th European Congress of Intensive Care Medicine Athens - Greece, October 18–22, 1995 Abstracts date: 1995 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 37 resourceName b'cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt' Que is empty; done keyword-icu-cord === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-001322-7xmxcm35 author = Walden, Andrew P title = Patients with community acquired pneumonia admitted to European intensive care units: an epidemiological survey of the GenOSept cohort date = 2014-04-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4286 sentences = 227 flesch = 47 summary = Phenotypic data was recorded using a robust clinical database allowing a contemporary analysis of the clinical characteristics, microbiology, outcomes and independent risk factors in patients with severe CAP admitted to ICUs across Europe. A number of more recent, larger studies have focussed on identifying patients with CAP at increased risk of severe sepsis and death, as well as those who may require ventilator or vasopressor support [3, [24] [25] [26] . The aim of the study reported here was to define the clinical characteristics, microbiological aetiology, outcomes and independent risk factors for mortality in a large, contemporary cohort of patients with severe CAP admitted to ICUs across Europe. The British Thoracic Society Research Committee and The Public HealthLaboratory Service: The aetiology, management and outcome of severe community-acquired pneumonia on the intensive care unit A five-year study of severe community-acquired pneumonia with emphasis on prognosis in patients admitted to an intensive care unit cache = ./cache/cord-001322-7xmxcm35.txt txt = ./txt/cord-001322-7xmxcm35.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004263-m1ujhhsc author = Koekkoek, W. A. C. title = The effect of cisatracurium infusion on the energy expenditure of critically ill patients: an observational cohort study date = 2020-02-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3155 sentences = 178 flesch = 44 summary = title: The effect of cisatracurium infusion on the energy expenditure of critically ill patients: an observational cohort study METHODS: We studied a cohort of adult critically ill patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and treatment with continuous infusion of cisatracurium for at least 12 h. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that continuous infusion of cisatracurium in mechanically ventilated ICU patients is associated with a significant reduction in EE, although the magnitude of the effect is small. Our data suggest that continuous infusion of cisatracurium in mechanically ventilated ICU patients is associated with a significant reduction in EE as estimated by the VCO 2 method, although the magnitude of the effect is small. Validation of carbon dioxide production (VCO2) as a tool to calculate resting energy expenditure (REE) in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: a retrospective observational study cache = ./cache/cord-004263-m1ujhhsc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004263-m1ujhhsc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-001725-pw7coi3v author = Ballus, Josep title = Surgical site infection in critically ill patients with secondary and tertiary peritonitis: epidemiology, microbiology and influence in outcomes date = 2015-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3441 sentences = 192 flesch = 45 summary = title: Surgical site infection in critically ill patients with secondary and tertiary peritonitis: epidemiology, microbiology and influence in outcomes We therefore aimed to assess the incidence, epidemiology and microbiology of SSI and its association with outcomes in patients with severe peritonitis in the intensive care unit (ICU). Physicians may consider antibiotic-resistant pathogens, gram-positive cocci and fungi when choosing empiric antibiotic treatment for SSI, although more studies are needed to confirm our results due to the inherent limitations of the microbiological sampling with swabs performed in our research. This study therefore aimed to describe the incidence, epidemiology, microbiology and outcomes of SSI in patients admitted with secondary or tertiary peritonitis to the ICU of a tertiary referral hospital. This study provides data on the incidence and microbiology of SSIs for a large cohort of critically ill patients admitted with secondary or tertiary peritonitis to a surgical ICU. cache = ./cache/cord-001725-pw7coi3v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-001725-pw7coi3v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-002847-w3r0oetd author = Kanafani, Zeina A. title = Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter species: a seven-year experience from a tertiary care center in Lebanon date = 2018-01-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3904 sentences = 205 flesch = 47 summary = At the American University of Beirut Medical Center, the incidence of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-Ab) infections in the ICU increased sharply in 2007 by around 120%, and these infections have continued to cause a serious problem to this day. baumannii (MDR-Ab) has become a significant cause of hospitalacquired infections (HAI) and hospital-acquired colonizations (HAC) resulting in high morbidity and mortality [3] in patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICU) over the past two decades [4] . Repeated cleaning and disinfection was performed for all surfaces or equipment identified to be contaminated with MDR-Ab. A nested retrospective case-control study from January 2007 till June 2008 was performed in the ICU and the Respiratory Care Unit (RCU) to analyze patient related risk factors leading to MDR-Ab transmissions. Controls were randomly selected from patients admitted to the ICU and the RCU during the same study period but who did not have a positive screening culture for MDR-Ab. Moreover, cases consisted of patients with one or more cultures growing MDR-Ab (either colonized or infected). cache = ./cache/cord-002847-w3r0oetd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-002847-w3r0oetd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-003701-i70ztypg author = Chow, Eric J. title = Influenza virus-related critical illness: prevention, diagnosis, treatment date = 2019-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6869 sentences = 320 flesch = 25 summary = Based upon observational data that suggest harms, adjunctive corticosteroid treatment is currently not recommended for children or adults hospitalized with influenza, including critically ill patients, unless clinically indicated for another reason, such as treatment of asthma or COPD exacerbation, or septic shock. No completed randomized, placebo-controlled trials of antiviral treatment have been conducted in hospitalized influenza patients to establish the efficacy of oseltamivir or other NAIs. A number of observational studies have reported clinical benefit of neuraminidase inhibitors in hospitalized patients, including reduction in duration of hospitalization and risk of death, including in ICU patients [67] [68] [69] [70] [71] [72] [73] [74] . A cohort study of early versus late oseltamivir treatment reported a significant reduction in mortality and median duration of ICU hospitalization in severely ill patients with influenza A(H3N2), but not A(H1N1pdm09) or B virus infection in Greece [78] . cache = ./cache/cord-003701-i70ztypg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-003701-i70ztypg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-003198-1kw5v6rm author = Vuillard, Constance title = Clinical features and outcome of patients with acute respiratory failure revealing anti-synthetase or anti-MDA-5 dermato-pulmonary syndrome: a French multicenter retrospective study date = 2018-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4851 sentences = 242 flesch = 42 summary = The following data were collected on a standardized anonymized case record form: demographic characteristics (age, gender), severity scores upon ICU admission (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [23] and Simplified Acute Physiology Score II [24] ), main comorbidities, delay between first respiratory sign and ICU admission, clinical examination (respiratory and extra-respiratory manifestations) and laboratory findings at the time of ICU admission (blood leukocytes and platelets counts, serum procalcitonine, C-reactive protein, creatine kinase and creatinine levels, PaO 2 /FiO 2 with FiO 2 calculated according to the following formula [25, 26] : FiO 2 = oxygen flow in liter per minute × 0.04 + 0.21 when standard oxygen was used), radiological findings on chest X-ray and CT scan, cytological and bacteriological analyses of broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, type of positive autoantibodies (Jo-1, PL7, PL12, OJ, EJ, KS, Zo, YRS/Tyr/ Ha or aMDA-5), immunosuppressive treatments received (corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, rituximab, basiliximab, tacrolimus, cyclosporine, methotrexate, intravenous immunoglobulins or plasma exchange), organ supports in the ICU (invasive mechanical ventilation, extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), renal replacement therapy, vasopressors), ICU and hospital length of stay, ICU and hospital mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-003198-1kw5v6rm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-003198-1kw5v6rm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-003085-7krf1yxz author = Li, Xi title = Cytomegalovirus infection and outcome in immunocompetent patients in the intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2018-06-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3797 sentences = 235 flesch = 44 summary = When analysis was limited to detection in blood, CMV infection without antiviral drug treatment or reactivation was not significantly associated with higher mortality (OR: 1.69, 95%CI 0.81–3.54, I(2) = 52%, n = 722; OR: 1.49, I(2) = 63%, n = 469). Thus, to acquire a better understanding of the potential role of CMV infection in contributing to mortality in critically ill patients, especially those not receiving antiviral agents and CMV detected in blood, we performed a meta-analysis of data available in the literature, focusing on the outcome in immunocompetent ICU patients with CMV infection. We obtained information on basic study characteristics (author, year of publication, country of origin, study period, setting, and study design), characteristic population, the site and detection method of sample, CMV seropositivity, CMV infection incidence, all-cause mortality, length of ICU/hospital stay, length of mechanical ventilation, and administration of antiviral drugs. cache = ./cache/cord-003085-7krf1yxz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-003085-7krf1yxz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-000349-k0p166fr author = Olive, David title = Severe pneumococcal pneumonia: impact of new quinolones on prognosis date = 2011-03-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3642 sentences = 198 flesch = 44 summary = BACKGROUND: Most guidelines have been proposing, for more than 15 years, a β-lactam combined with either a quinolone or a macrolide as empirical, first-line therapy of severe community acquired pneumonia (CAP) requiring ICU admission. METHODS: Retrospective study of consecutive patients admitted in a 16-bed general intensive care unit (ICU), between January 1996 and January 2009, for severe (Pneumonia Severity Index > or = 4) community-acquired pneumonia due to non penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and treated with a β-lactam combined with a fluoroquinolone. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that, when combined to a β-lactam, levofloxacin is associated with lower mortality than ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin in severe pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia. Firstly, we retrospectively collected all consecutive patients aged > 18 years who were admitted into our ICU (16-bed medical and surgical intensive care unit in a 450-bed general hospital) between January 1996 and January 2009 for severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and who received a definite diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-000349-k0p166fr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-000349-k0p166fr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004404-s6udpwxq author = Seifi, Najmeh title = Effects of synbiotic supplementation on energy and macronutrients homeostasis and muscle wasting of critical care patients: study protocol and a review of previous studies date = 2020-02-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4629 sentences = 281 flesch = 41 summary = METHODS: This is a prospective, single-center, double-blind, parallel randomized controlled trial with the aim to evaluate the effects of synbiotic supplementation on energy and macronutrient homeostasis and muscle wasting in critically ill patients. DISCUSSION: Gut microbiota modulation through synbiotics is proposed to improve clinical prognosis and reduce infectious complications, ventilator dependency, and length of ICU stay by improving energy and macronutrient homeostasis and reducing muscle protein catabolism. Previous studies suggest that modulating gut microbiota by novel therapeutics, such as prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics, can have an effect on gastrointestinal tolerance and complications of enteral nutrition, which eventually lead to the regulation of energy intake. Considering the extreme dysbiosis in critically ill patients and related energy and macronutrients homeostasis disturbance and muscle wasting, prompted us to evaluate the effect of synbiotic supplementation on the elimination of this condition. The primary objective is to evaluate the effects of synbiotic supplementation on energy and macronutrient homeostasis and muscle wasting in patients under critical care. cache = ./cache/cord-004404-s6udpwxq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004404-s6udpwxq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004487-hrkj2y8o author = Villa, Gianluca title = Validation of END-of-life ScorING-system to identify the dying patient: a prospective analysis date = 2020-03-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3744 sentences = 170 flesch = 48 summary = BACKGROUND: The "END-of-Life ScorING-System" (ENDING-S) was previously developed to identify patients at high-risk of dying in the ICU and to facilitate a practical integration between palliative and intensive care. In a pilot study, ENDING-S presented acceptable calibration and discrimination properties in identifying patients at very high risk of dying in the ICU, with a receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve (ROC-AUC) analysis equal to 0.98 (95%CI, 0.97 to 1) and agreement between the predicted probability and the observed frequency of death in the ICU (p > 0.05 at Hosmer-Lemeshow test) were preliminarily observed [11] . In this observational study, the previously defined ENDING-score was prospectively tested in a cohort of critical care patients with an ICU length of stay longer than 4 days in order to validate its discriminative effect in identifying patient at very high risk of dying in the ICU. cache = ./cache/cord-004487-hrkj2y8o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004487-hrkj2y8o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-001938-n2d5fw2f author = Ong, David S. Y. title = Cytomegalovirus reactivation and mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome date = 2016-03-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4483 sentences = 200 flesch = 36 summary = Furthermore, CMV reactivation in critically ill patients has been associated with a prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation [2, 4, [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] , an increased length of stay in the ICU [3, 5, 9, 10, 13] , and excess mortality [2, 4, [7] [8] [9] . Nevertheless, it remains uncertain whether these findings imply that CMV reactivation is a truly independent risk factor with respect to these observed poor clinical outcomes because most studies that have assessed these associations did not adequately account for all possible sources of bias. Possible confounders that were screened included all patient characteristics and therapeutic interventions listed in Table 1 , and some markers of disease severity: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ICU intensive care unit, PEEP positive end expiratory pressure, P/F partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (APACHE) IV score, presence of septic shock, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio, and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) setting. cache = ./cache/cord-001938-n2d5fw2f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-001938-n2d5fw2f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-000683-mig5zt5p author = Delgado-Rodríguez, Miguel title = Prognosis of hospitalized patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza in Spain: influence of neuraminidase inhibitors date = 2012-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2483 sentences = 156 flesch = 48 summary = 4, 6, 7 We reviewed nationwide Spanish data on hospitalized patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza A in order to: (i) evaluate the frequency of adverse outcomes during hospitalization; and (ii) identify the factors influencing poor/good outcome, including the use of neuraminidase inhibitors shortly after the onset of symptoms. The following demographic variables and pre-existing medical conditions were recorded for all study participants: age, sex, ethnicity, educational level, smoking, alcoholism, pregnancy in women aged 15 -49 years, history of pneumonia in the previous two years, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, cardiovascular disease, renal failure, diabetes, HIV infection, disabling neurological disease, cancer, transplantation, morbid obesity (body mass index ≥40), use of neuraminidase inhibitors before hospital admission (and their timing relative to the onset of symptoms, verified after contacting the prescribing general practitioner), use of other medications in the 90 days before hospital admission (corticosteroids, antibiotics etc.) and treatment received during hospitalization (medications, catheters and mechanical ventilation). cache = ./cache/cord-000683-mig5zt5p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-000683-mig5zt5p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-000891-5r2in1gw author = Giannella, Maddalena title = Should lower respiratory tract secretions from intensive care patients be systematically screened for influenza virus during the influenza season? date = 2012-06-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4115 sentences = 233 flesch = 44 summary = Suspected and unsuspected cases were compared, and significant differences were found for age (53 versus 69 median years), severe respiratory failure (68.8% versus 20%), surgery (6.3% versus 60%), median days of ICU stay before diagnosis (1 versus 4), nosocomial infection (18.8% versus 66.7%), cough (93.8% versus 53.3%), localized infiltrate on chest radiograph (6.3% versus 40%), median days to antiviral treatment (2 versus 9), pneumonia (93.8% versus 53.3%), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (75% versus 26.7%). The variables recorded were age, sex, classification of the severity of underlying conditions according to the Charlson comorbidity index [6] , type of ICU, date and cause of ICU admission, APACHE II score [7] on admission to the ICU, date of onset of influenza symptoms, clinical manifestations and radiologic findings at diagnosis, date of TA sample collection, other samples tested for influenza and result, date of initiation of antiviral treatment, complications (septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)), outcome including mortality within 30 days after influenza diagnosis, and length of ICU and hospital stay. cache = ./cache/cord-000891-5r2in1gw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-000891-5r2in1gw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004284-2prli5s1 author = Vahedian-Azimi, Amir title = Natural versus artificial light exposure on delirium incidence in ARDS patients date = 2020-02-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 775 sentences = 51 flesch = 43 summary = title: Natural versus artificial light exposure on delirium incidence in ARDS patients on the impact of natural light (NL) exposure on delirium-associated outcomes in mechanically ventilated (MV) intensive care unit (ICU) patients [1] . In this single-center, prospective, observational study, the authors report an improvement in the secondary outcomes of hallucination incidence and haloperidol administration for agitation. Here, we report the results of a retrospective secondary analysis of 4200 patients from the mixed medical-surgical ICUs of two academic hospitals to assess the impact of NL exposure on delirium incidence. Impact of natural light exposure on delirium burden in adult patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU: a prospective study Evaluation of delirium in critically ill patients: validation of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU) Delirium and effect of circadian light in the intensive care unit: a retrospective cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-004284-2prli5s1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004284-2prli5s1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-001536-ta1i0ata author = Nair, Girish B title = Year in review 2013: critical care - respiratory infections date = 2014-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8891 sentences = 335 flesch = 37 summary = New studies have suggested strategies to identify patients at risk for resistant pathogen infection and therapies that optimize efficacy, without the overuse of broad-spectrum therapy in patients with healthcare-associated pneumonia. Infections, mostly nosocomial, are a major cause of mortality in hospitalized patients related to an increased risk of infection with multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens and the widespread use of indiscriminate broad-spectrum antibiotics. In a study including 519 patients with CAP and 419 with HCAP, the authors compared the performance of Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) and CURB-65 risk scores for predicting 30-day mortality [20] . Maruyama and colleagues [23] , in a prospective study of 425 patients (CAP = 124, HCAP = 321), applied a therapeutic algorithm based on the presence of MDR risk factors (immunosuppression, hospitalization within the last 90 days, poor functional status indicated by a Barthel Index score <50, and antibiotic therapy within the past 6 months) and severity of illness (need for ICU admission or requiring MV) to determine its impact on outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-001536-ta1i0ata.txt txt = ./txt/cord-001536-ta1i0ata.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-000892-l9862er0 author = Richard, Jean-Christophe Marie title = Interest of a simple on-line screening registry for measuring ICU burden related to an influenza pandemic date = 2012-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3958 sentences = 223 flesch = 54 summary = An on-line screening registry allowed a daily report of ICU beds occupancy rate by flu infected patients (Flu-OR) admitted in French ICUs. METHODS: We conducted a prospective inception cohort study with results of an on-line screening registry designed for daily assessment of ICU burden. Here, we report the exact rate of ICU bed occupancy by flu-infected patients (Flu-OR) during the pandemic in a representative subset of French ICUs. The French REVA-SRLF registry was a multi-center prospective observational survey based on a website registry, and several results of this registry have been published elsewhere [13] [14] [15] . Even if ICUs were encouraged to do a daily assessment of the presence of patients with A (H1N1), we chose to report the calculation per week first to be consistent with the French organization and the National Institute for Public Health Surveillance (NIPHS), which displayed the time course of the pandemic weekly, and also to simplify data notification for participating centers. cache = ./cache/cord-000892-l9862er0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-000892-l9862er0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005600-gsbbjb5y author = De Jonghe, B. title = Acquired neuromuscular disorders in critically ill patients: a systematic review date = 1998 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3830 sentences = 206 flesch = 35 summary = Two studies showed a clinically important increase (5 and 9 days, respectively) in duration of mechanical ventilation and a mortality twice as high in patients with critical illness neuromuscular abnormalities, compared to those without. Two studies showed a clinically important increase (5 and 9 days, respectively) in duration of mechanical ventilation and a mortality twice as high in patients with critical illness neuromuscular abnormalities, compared to those without. Conclusions: Prospective studies of ICU-acquired neuromuscular abnormalities include a small number of patients with various electrophysiologic findings but insufficiently reported clinical correlations. Conclusions: Prospective studies of ICU-acquired neuromuscular abnormalities include a small number of patients with various electrophysiologic findings but insufficiently reported clinical correlations. C.) independently: studies had to enroll critically ill adult patients presenting acquired peripheral nervous system and/or muscular and/or neuromuscular transmission abnormalities, described clinically and/or electrphysiologically and/or histologically, involving limbs and/or respiratory muscle, in prospective cohort studies. cache = ./cache/cord-005600-gsbbjb5y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005600-gsbbjb5y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004515-x22q1f21 author = Pottecher, Julien title = Protocol for TRAUMADORNASE: a prospective, randomized, multicentre, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial of aerosolized dornase alfa to reduce the incidence of moderate-to-severe hypoxaemia in ventilated trauma patients date = 2020-03-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6812 sentences = 337 flesch = 44 summary = title: Protocol for TRAUMADORNASE: a prospective, randomized, multicentre, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial of aerosolized dornase alfa to reduce the incidence of moderate-to-severe hypoxaemia in ventilated trauma patients Dornase alfa is a US Food and Drug Administration-approved recombinant DNase, which cleaves extracellular DNA and may therefore break up the backbone of NETs and DAMPs. Aerosolized dornase alfa was shown to reduce trauma-induced lung injury in experimental models and to improve arterial oxygenation in ventilated patients. The primary trial objective is to demonstrate a reduction in the incidence of moderate-to-severe hypoxaemia in severe trauma patients during the first 7 days from 45% to 30% by providing aerosolized dornase alfa as compared to placebo. The primary objective of the TRAUMADORNASE study is to demonstrate a reduction in the incidence of moderateto-severe hypoxaemia from 45% to 30% in severe trauma patients during the first 7 ICU days by providing aerosolized dornase alfa once during the first 2 ICU days as compared to equivalent provision of placebo (NaCl 0.9%). cache = ./cache/cord-004515-x22q1f21.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004515-x22q1f21.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-000522-d498qj2b author = Vincent, Jean-Louis title = Reducing mortality in sepsis: new directions date = 2002-12-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8709 sentences = 431 flesch = 48 summary = Five topics were selected that have been shown in randomized, controlled trials to reduce mortality: limiting the tidal volume in acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome, early goal-directed therapy, use of drotrecogin alfa (activated), use of moderate doses of steroids, and tight control of blood sugar. The present article provides guidelines from experts in the field on optimal patient selection and timing for each intervention, and provides advice on how to integrate new therapies into ICU practice, including protocol development, so that mortality rates from this disease process can be reduced. The interventions discussed encompassed low tidal volume in patients with acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (Edward Abraham), early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) (Emanuel Rivers), drotrecogin alfa (activated) (Gordon Bernard), moderate-dose corticosteroids (Djillali Annane), and tight control of blood sugar (Greet Van den Berghe). cache = ./cache/cord-000522-d498qj2b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-000522-d498qj2b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-002011-u6dfp6gf author = Toubiana, Julie title = Association of REL polymorphisms and outcome of patients with septic shock date = 2016-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3956 sentences = 200 flesch = 47 summary = CONCLUSION: In a large ICU population, we report a significant clinical association between a variation in the human REL gene and severity and mortality of septic shock, suggesting for the first time a new insight into the role of cRel in response to infection in humans. Hence, the present study aims to test the hypothesis of an association between clinically significant REL genetic variants and severity of septic shock in a large cohort of well-defined intensive care unit (ICU) patients. In order to study the link between REL SNPs and septic shock severity, we compared acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and MODS frequencies, and VFD value between patients carrying REL rs842647*G and rs13031237*T minor alleles and in those homozygous for the major alleles. This study was the first to investigate the importance of two polymorphisms within REL gene in a large European population of septic shock patients. cache = ./cache/cord-002011-u6dfp6gf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-002011-u6dfp6gf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004532-flo9139j author = Andrews, Peter title = Year in review in intensive care medicine, 2004. I. Respiratory failure, infection, and sepsis date = 2004-12-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9246 sentences = 474 flesch = 44 summary = The authors concluded that their findings are important for trial design because of the observed differences in outcome, and proposed the use of standardized ventilator settings for patient enrollment. As indicated by Yu and Singh [46] , "over 300 studies have been published in peer-review journals in the past 8 years dealing with management of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)." However, no consensus exists to date on the best way for identifying patients with true lung infection, for selecting early appropriate antimicrobial therapy, or for avoiding unnecessary use of antibiotics. [52] designed a study in 108 patients with 171 VAPs to assess the impact on the duration of MV and the use of antibiotic treatment of the results of a diagnostic technique: the percentage of infected cells in liquid obtained with BAL, i.e., the value of direct examination. cache = ./cache/cord-004532-flo9139j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004532-flo9139j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004450-daxz9yhp author = Haeberle, Helene title = Therapeutic iloprost for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (the ThIlo trial): a prospective, randomized, multicenter phase II study date = 2020-03-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5848 sentences = 383 flesch = 48 summary = Several preclinical studies have revealed a beneficial effect of iloprost on the control of pulmonary inflammation, and in a small number of patients with ARDS, iloprost treatment resulted in improved oxygenation. For safety reasons, after treatment of 100 patients (day 28 after last dose investigational medicinal product [IMP] Patient 100) within the study, an interim analysis for an increased risk for pulmonary hemorrhage ≥ grade III according to Common Terminology (Toxicity) Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 5.0 in the treatment (iloprost) arm will be performed and the results discussed with the Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB). When possible, however, the patient or his legal representative is to be informed both in writing and verbally by the investigator before any study-specific procedure is Iloprost or NaCl 0.9% (control) X X X X X Clinical assessment including outcome X X X X X X X X X Laboratory testing X X X X X X X X Adverse/serious adverse event monitoring X X X X X X X Plasma biomarkers X X X X X X Barthel Index X X X X SOFA score X X X X X X X X Health-related questionnaire X VES X performed. cache = ./cache/cord-004450-daxz9yhp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004450-daxz9yhp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004096-obrq7q57 author = Benghanem, Sarah title = Brainstem dysfunction in critically ill patients date = 2020-01-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5804 sentences = 315 flesch = 36 summary = OCR: oculocephalic reflex BRASS is a clinical score that has been developed for scoring brainstem dysfunction in deeply sedated, non-brain-injured, mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients and ranges from 0 to 7 The BRASS has prognostic value, as 28-day mortality proportionally increases with the BRASS score applicable to ICU patients. The "brainstem dysfunction" hypothesis originates from our study on usefulness of neurological examination in non-brain-injured critically ill patients who required deep sedation. In deeply sedated non-brain-injured critically ill patients, the cessation of brainstem responses follows two distinct patterns. Middle latency BAEP responses and SSEP latencies were increased in 24% and 45% of deeply sedated non-brain-injured critically ill patients, respectively [34] , indicating an impairment of the brainstem conduction. Brainstem dysfunction can present with central sensory and motor deficits, cranial nerve palsies and abnormal brainstem reflexes, disorders of consciousness, respiratory failure, and dysautonomia. cache = ./cache/cord-004096-obrq7q57.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004096-obrq7q57.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004422-oep1grwq author = Li, Yuting title = Comparison of T-piece and pressure support ventilation as spontaneous breathing trials in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-02-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3258 sentences = 188 flesch = 47 summary = title: Comparison of T-piece and pressure support ventilation as spontaneous breathing trials in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis Thus, further research is needed to determine the best approach for SBTs. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis, which extracted results from published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of two strategies, a T-piece and PSV, for weaning adult patients with respiratory failure that required mechanical ventilation, measuring extubation success and other clinically important outcomes. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) randomized controlled trials; (2) adult patients (> 18 years) who underwent at least two different SBT methods; (3) all authors reported our primary outcome of successful extubation rate; (4) clearly comparing PS versus T-piece with clinically relevant secondary outcomes. The major finding of our study suggests that both spontaneous breathing using T-piece and PSV are suitable methods for successful extubation of patients with critical illness from mechanical ventilation. cache = ./cache/cord-004422-oep1grwq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004422-oep1grwq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-000812-mu5u5bvj author = Wiesen, Jonathan title = Relative cost and outcomes in the intensive care unit of acute lung injury (ALI) due to pandemic influenza compared with other etiologies: a single-center study date = 2012-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4096 sentences = 200 flesch = 46 summary = Based on clinical bedside observations and published reports [4, 5, 8] , we hypothesize that ALI/ARDS secondary to pandemic influenza is associated with similar ICU outcomes but increased resource utilization and higher hospital charges due to the frequent need for rescue interventions and prolonged ventilatory assistance. A Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) database was constructed with a complete listing of the patient's demographic and clinical information, including age, gender, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), presenting symptoms, past medical history, primary reason for admission to the ICU, vital signs, presence of vasopressors, laboratory values, ventilator settings and respiratory parameters, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores on admission to the MICU, number of intubated days, duration of ICU and hospital stay, mortality, and rescue therapies (namely inhaled nitric oxide, proning, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [ECMO]) [22] . cache = ./cache/cord-000812-mu5u5bvj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-000812-mu5u5bvj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006760-mgrxo21j author = Lee, James C. title = Critical care management of the lung transplant recipient date = 2012-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5045 sentences = 239 flesch = 35 summary = Given the severity of illness of such patients at the time of surgery, lung transplant recipients require particular attention in the immediate post-operative period to ensure optimal short-term and long-term outcomes. Causes and treatment of conditions affecting early morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients will be detailed, including primary graft dysfunction, cardiovascular and surgical complications, and immunologic and infectious issues. This review aims to summarize the most important aspects of the critical care management of the lung transplant recipient in the peri-operative time period [3] [4] [5] [6] . The immediate post-operative period in the ICU remains the most critical for the lung transplant recipient, requiring continuous hemodynamic monitoring, often maximal ventilatory support, and close observation of chest tube output for evidence of bleeding or other surgical complications. If the critically ill lung transplant recipient experiences peri-operative hypotension, aggressive diuresis for PGD, and is on numerous potentially other nephrotoxic medications, renal dysfunction may be prolonged and severe, leading to serious long-term complications. cache = ./cache/cord-006760-mgrxo21j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006760-mgrxo21j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004540-2b1vjhgn author = Hick, John L. title = Chapter 2. Surge capacity and infrastructure considerations for mass critical care date = 2010-03-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4948 sentences = 229 flesch = 37 summary = RESULTS: Key recommendations include: (1) hospitals should increase their ICU beds to the maximal extent by expanding ICU capacity and expanding ICUs into other areas; (2) hospitals should have appropriate beds and monitors for these expansion areas; hospitals should develop contingency plans at the facility and government (local, state, provincial, national) levels to provide additional ventilators; (3) hospitals should develop a phased staffing plan (nursing and physician) for ICUs that provides sufficient patient care supervision during contingency and crisis situations; (4) hospitals should provide expert input to the emergency management personnel at the hospital both during planning for surge capacity as well as during response; (5) hospitals should assure that adequate infrastructure support is present to support critical care activities; (6) hospitals should prioritize locations for expansion by expanding existing ICUs, using postanesthesia care units and emergency departments to capacity, then step-down units, large procedure suites, telemetry units and finally hospital wards. cache = ./cache/cord-004540-2b1vjhgn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004540-2b1vjhgn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-003798-nki2sasr author = Vidaur, Loreto title = Human metapneumovirus as cause of severe community-acquired pneumonia in adults: insights from a ten-year molecular and epidemiological analysis date = 2019-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3501 sentences = 195 flesch = 41 summary = BACKGROUND: Information on the clinical, epidemiological and molecular characterization of human metapneumovirus in critically ill adult patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and the role of biomarkers identifying bacterial coinfection is scarce. METHODS: This is a retrospective epidemiological study of adult patients with hMPV severe CAP admitted to ICU during a ten-year period with admission PSI score ≥ 3. The main objective of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of adults with severe pneumonia caused by hMPV who required intensive care unit (ICU) admission, over a long period of time. Interestingly, three patients (10.7%) were young adult patients without comorbidities and without bacterial coinfection that developed ARDS pointing out a main role of hMPV in the etiology of severe respiratory infections requiring mechanical ventilation. Main characteristics of immunosuppressed adult patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit due to a severe community-acquired pneumonia associated with human metapneumovirus infection (Guipuzcoa, Basque Country, Spain, 2007-2017). cache = ./cache/cord-003798-nki2sasr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-003798-nki2sasr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005585-lc3fqhb0 author = Barbier, François title = Etiologies and outcome of acute respiratory failure in HIV-infected patients date = 2009-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4236 sentences = 209 flesch = 45 summary = OBJECTIVE: To assess the etiologies and outcome of acute respiratory failure (ARF) in HIV-infected patients over the first decade of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) use. Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is the leading reason for intensive care unit (ICU) admission in HIV-infected patients, with bacterial pneumonia and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) accounting for most cases [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] . Significant results HIV human immunodeficiency syndrome, ICU intensive care unit, PCP Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, IRIS immune restorationinduced syndrome, ARF acute respiratory failure, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome a Clinically documented bacterial pneumonia was defined as an appropriate history and response to empiric antimicrobial therapy with focal pneumonia on chest X-ray, and either septic shock or predominantly neutrophils on BAL fluid examination, without documented bacterial pathogen b Including co-infection with Haemophilus influenzae (n = 1) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 1) c Including co-infection with Streptococcus pneumonia (n = 1) and S. cache = ./cache/cord-005585-lc3fqhb0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005585-lc3fqhb0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005569-9d51l6bn author = Antonelli, Massimo title = Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine, 2008: I. Brain injury and neurology, renal failure and endocrinology, metabolism and nutrition, sepsis, infections and pneumonia date = 2008-12-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10270 sentences = 507 flesch = 39 summary = Key recommendations, listed by category, include: early goal-directed resuscitation of the septic patient during the first 6 h after recognition (1C); blood cultures prior to antibiotic therapy (1C); imaging studies performed promptly to confirm potential source of infection (1C); administration of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy within 1 h of diagnosis of septic shock (1B) and severe sepsis without septic shock (1D); reassessment of antibiotic therapy with microbiology and clinical data to narrow coverage, when appropriate (1C); a usual 7-10 days of antibiotic therapy guided by clinical response (1D); source control with attention to the balance of risks and benefits of the chosen method (1C); administration of either crystalloid or colloid fluid resuscitation (1B); fluid challenge to restore mean circulating filling pressure (1C); reduction in rate of fluid administration with rising filling pressures and no improvement in tissue perfusion (1D); vasopressor preference for norepinephrine or dopamine to maintain an initial target of mean arterial pressure [ or =65 mm Hg (1C); dobutamine inotropic therapy when cardiac output remains low despite fluid resuscitation and combined inotropic/vasopressor therapy (1C); stress-dose steroid therapy given only in septic shock after blood pressure is identified to be poorly responsive to fluid and vasopressor therapy (2C); recombinant activated protein C in patients with severe sepsis and clinical assessment of high risk for death (2B except 2C for post-operative patients). cache = ./cache/cord-005569-9d51l6bn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005569-9d51l6bn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004031-sw60qbbj author = Aylward, Ryan E. title = Risk factors and outcomes of acute kidney injury in South African critically ill adults: a prospective cohort study date = 2019-12-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4292 sentences = 228 flesch = 53 summary = title: Risk factors and outcomes of acute kidney injury in South African critically ill adults: a prospective cohort study CONCLUSIONS: In this large prospective multidisciplinary ICU cohort of younger patients, AKI was common, often associated with trauma in addition to traditional risk factors and was associated with good functional renal recovery at 90 days in most survivors. However, there is a marked paucity of data from African ICU's concerning the incidence, aetiology and effect of AKI on mortality and functional renal recovery, where the prevalence of HIV and trauma is high and where resources are often limited [6, 14, 15] . In this large prospective multidisciplinary ICU cohort of younger patients in a LMI country with a high HIV prevalence and many trauma related admissions, AKI was frequently encountered, and was associated with a high mortality, but good functional renal recovery in most survivors. Five-year risk of end-stage renal disease among intensive care patients surviving dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury: a nationwide cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-004031-sw60qbbj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004031-sw60qbbj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005692-n4vxazst author = Papazian, Laurent title = Ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a narrative review date = 2020-03-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10361 sentences = 448 flesch = 27 summary = Empirical treatment takes into account the underlying disease and its severity, the presence of risk factors for multiple-drug-resistant pathogens (antibiotic therapy in the previous 90 days, hospital stay > 5 days, septic shock at VAP onset, ARDS prior to VAP onset, acute renal replacement therapy prior to VAP onset, previous colonization with MDR pathogen) and local pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility. While lower respiratory tract surveillance cultures may help to predict the involvement of MDR microorganisms in patients that develop VAP and thus decrease unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotics use, there are no clear data that this strategy improves clinical outcomes or lowers costs [89, 90] . Subglottic secretion drainage has repeatedly been associated with lower VAP rates in both individual randomized trials and meta-analyses but does not appear to shorten the time to extubation, ICU length-of-stay, prevent ventilator-associated events, or lower mortality rates [94] . Effect of oropharyngeal povidone-iodine preventive oral care on ventilator-associated pneumonia in severely brain-injured or cerebral hemorrhage patients: a multicenter, randomized controlled trial cache = ./cache/cord-005692-n4vxazst.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005692-n4vxazst.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005589-ocnce92z author = Torres, Antoni title = Challenges in severe community-acquired pneumonia: a point-of-view review date = 2019-01-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6052 sentences = 313 flesch = 36 summary = In this point-of-view review paper, a group of experts discuss the main controversies in SCAP: the role of severity scores to guide patient settings of care and empiric antibiotic therapy; the emergence of pathogens outside the core microorganisms of CAP; viral SCAP; the best empirical treatment; septic shock as the most lethal complication; and the need for new antibiotics. The IDSA/ATS criteria remain the most pragmatic and robust tools to predict patients requiring ICU admission We recommend empirically covering PES pathogens in SCAP when at least two specific risk factors are present Corticosteroids can be used in cases of refractory shock and high systemic inflammatory response Based on available data, new antibiotics providing existing limitations in empiric therapy (including macrolide resistant species and MRSA) are needed 38.6% previously) and reduced delayed ICU admissions. A recent observational study found that corticosteroid administration as adjuvant therapy to standard antiviral treatment in critically ill patients with severe influenza pneumonia was associated with increased ICU mortality [46] . cache = ./cache/cord-005589-ocnce92z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005589-ocnce92z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004147-9bcq3jnm author = Fernando, Shannon M. title = New-onset atrial fibrillation and associated outcomes and resource use among critically ill adults—a multicenter retrospective cohort study date = 2020-01-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4162 sentences = 213 flesch = 43 summary = title: New-onset atrial fibrillation and associated outcomes and resource use among critically ill adults—a multicenter retrospective cohort study CONCLUSIONS: While NOAF was not associated with death or requiring discharge to long-term care among critically ill patients, it was associated with increased length of stay in ICU and increased total costs. We primarily sought to evaluate the association between NOAF and outcomes, resource utilization, and costs among critically ill adult patients. However, NOAF was associated with higher hospital mortality among ICU patients with suspected infection (aOR 1.21 [95% CI 1.08-1.37]), sepsis (aOR 1.24 [95% CI 1.10-1.39]), and septic shock (aOR 1.28 [95% CI 1.14-1.44]). Among patients with NOAF, factors associated with increased risk of hospital mortality included increasing age, increased MODS score, history of CHF (as identified in the Data Warehouse), and sustained AF (Additional file 5: Table S5 ). cache = ./cache/cord-004147-9bcq3jnm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004147-9bcq3jnm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004168-rqd9b13s author = Daneman, Nick title = A pilot randomized controlled trial of 7 versus 14 days of antibiotic treatment for bloodstream infection on non-intensive care versus intensive care wards date = 2020-01-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4760 sentences = 190 flesch = 42 summary = The Bacteremia Antibiotic Length Actually Needed for Clinical Effectiveness (BALANCE) pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT) determined that it was feasible to enroll and randomize intensive care unit (ICU) patients with bloodstream infection to 7 versus 14 days of treatment, and served as the vanguard for the ongoing BALANCE main RCT. METHODS: We conducted an open pilot RCT among a subset of six sites participating in the ongoing BALANCE RCT, randomizing patients with positive non-Staphylococcus aureus blood cultures on non-ICU wards to 7 versus 14 days of antibiotic treatment. Conclusion: It is feasible to enroll non-ICU patients in a trial of 7 versus 14 days of antibiotics for bloodstream infection, and expanding the BALANCE RCT hospital-wide has the potential to improve the timeliness and generalizability of trial results. Conclusion: It is feasible to enroll non-ICU patients in a trial of 7 versus 14 days of antibiotics for bloodstream infection, and expanding the BALANCE RCT hospital-wide has the potential to improve the timeliness and generalizability of trial results. cache = ./cache/cord-004168-rqd9b13s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004168-rqd9b13s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-003832-q1422ydi author = Koyama, Kansuke title = Biomarker profiles of coagulopathy and alveolar epithelial injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome with idiopathic/immune-related disease or common direct risk factors date = 2019-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4659 sentences = 242 flesch = 40 summary = title: Biomarker profiles of coagulopathy and alveolar epithelial injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome with idiopathic/immune-related disease or common direct risk factors This study aimed to investigate the biomarker profiles of coagulopathy and alveolar epithelial injury in two subtypes of ARDS: patients with direct common risk factors (dARDS) and those with idiopathic or immune-related diseases (iARDS), which are classified as "ARDS without common risk factors" based on the Berlin definition. Although no risk factors or causes are identified in this subgroup of ARDS, recent studies have shown that many patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia have clinical features that suggest an underlying immune process, indicating that the pathobiology of idiopathic and immunerelated diseases may partially overlap [9, 10] . The aim of this study was to examine the profiles of the plasma biomarkers that reflect coagulopathy and alveolar epithelial injury in patients with idiopathic/immune-related ARDS (iARDS) and in those with common direct risk factors (dARDS). cache = ./cache/cord-003832-q1422ydi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-003832-q1422ydi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005603-kjcbbgse author = Brun-Buisson, C. title = The epidemiology of the systemic inflammatory response date = 2000 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7166 sentences = 297 flesch = 48 summary = Objective: To examine the incidence, risk factors, aetiologies and outcome of the various forms of the septic syndromes (the systemic inflammatory response syndrome [SIRS] sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock) and their relationships with infection.¶Design: Review of published cohort studies examining the epidemiology of the septic syndromes, with emphasis on intensive care unit (ICU) patients.¶Results: The prevalence of SIRS is very high, affecting one-third of all in-hospital patients, and > 50 % of all ICU patients; in surgical ICU patients, SIRS occurs in > 80 % patients. In the French Bacteraemia/Sepsis study, including 24 hospitals on the one hand [5] and 170 ICUs on the other [13] both surveyed during a 2-month period, the overall incidence of severe sepsis and shock (including clinically and microbiologically documented infection) was of 6/1000 of all hospital admissions, but only of 2.9/ 1000 in medical/surgical wards and 119/1000 in ICUs ( Table 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-005603-kjcbbgse.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005603-kjcbbgse.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006714-q7wy76e2 author = Delannoy, P.-Y. title = Impact of combination therapy with aminoglycosides on the outcome of ICU-acquired bacteraemias date = 2012-02-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2878 sentences = 173 flesch = 43 summary = Our study supports the hypothesis that combination short-term antibiotherapy with an aminoglycoside for ICU-acquired bacteraemias could increase survival. Meta-analysis failed to demonstrate improved outcomes in patients treated with antibiotic combinations over those receiving monotherapy [1] [2] [3] [4] and resulted in a decreased use of combination therapy. We performed a retrospective study to evaluate the impact of AGs in antimicrobial combination on ICU-acquired bacteraemia in our universityaffiliated ICU [8] [9] [10] [11] . The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of AGs in antibiotic combination on the outcome of patients with ICU-acquired bacteraemia. We found a survival benefit with the use of combination therapy with AGs for ICU-acquired bacteraemias. In the ICU, inadequate empirical antibiotic therapy is associated with an increased mortality risk in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia and bacteraemia. Our study suggests that short-term combination beta-lactams plus AGs therapy in intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired bacteraemia could reduce mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-006714-q7wy76e2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006714-q7wy76e2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005750-54hul2lw author = Antonelli, Massimo title = Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine, 2008: III. Paediatrics, Ethics, outcome research and critical care organization, sedation, pharmacology and miscellanea date = 2009-02-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8228 sentences = 436 flesch = 44 summary = In their paper, the authors present a detailed description of sequential analysis methodologies and describe their potential prospective use as tools for monitoring the performance of intensive care units. [2] undertook a study to determine whether outcomes were influenced by time of admission to an Australian tertiary paediatric intensive care unit without 24 h per day in-house intensivist cover. [6] who reported a prospective observational study across 15 Italian paediatric intensive care units conducted over a period of 1 year. In this randomised controlled trial, there was a significant difference in mortality rate with use of ACCM/ PALS haemodynamic support guidelines for septic shock between patients with or without ScvO 2 guided therapy. The authors concluded that their results support the finding that the clinical scales do not evaluate the level of sedation accurately in critically ill children with neuromuscular relaxation, leading to a higher risk of over or undersedation. cache = ./cache/cord-005750-54hul2lw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005750-54hul2lw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005795-sgi54hq8 author = Ely, E. title = The impact of delirium in the intensive care unit on hospital length of stay date = 2001-11-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4876 sentences = 217 flesch = 40 summary = Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are at very high risk for the development of delirium due to factors such as multi-system illnesses and comorbidities, the use of psychoactive medications, and age. While recent studies have selected delirium and pharmacologic issues (which are inter-related) as two of the top three most important target areas for quality of care improvement in vulnerable older adults [13] , nearly all delirium investigations have excluded medical ICU patients who are often receiving prolonged sedation on mechanical ventilators [1, 2, 14, 15, 16, 17] . Two study nurses enrolled patients each morning and recorded baseline demographics, severity of illness data using the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score [21] , activities of daily living [22] , and risk factors for delirium derived from data in the literature [2, 3, 14, 15, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27] . cache = ./cache/cord-005795-sgi54hq8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005795-sgi54hq8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005496-cnwg4dnn author = Gutierrez, Guillermo title = Artificial Intelligence in the Intensive Care Unit date = 2020-03-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5011 sentences = 235 flesch = 40 summary = Whereas humans develop generalized concepts on the basis of just a few examples, training a machine learning algorithm requires large quantities of data. Other studies have been published describing the use of machine learning models in generating patient-specific risk scores for pulmonary emboli [30] , risk stratification of ARDS [31] , prediction of acute kidney injury in severely burned patients [32] and in general ICU populations [33] , prediction of volume responsiveness after fluid administration [34] and identification of patients likely to develop complicated Clostridium difficile infection [35] . evaluated several types of machine learning algorithms, including random forest, naïve Bayes, and AdaBoost on data recorded from 62 mechanically ventilated patients with or at risk of ARDS. Machine learning algorithms have been used to analyze data stored in electronic medical records to predict ICU mortality and length of stay. cache = ./cache/cord-005496-cnwg4dnn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005496-cnwg4dnn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005503-hm8tvkt3 author = Rasulo, Frank A. title = Essential Noninvasive Multimodality Neuromonitoring for the Critically Ill Patient date = 2020-03-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5987 sentences = 278 flesch = 35 summary = Recently, automated infrared pupillometry has been introduced into clinical practice, quickly gaining popularity due to its quantitative precision, low cost, noninvasiveness, bedside applicability, and easy-to-use technology, contributing to a modern precision-oriented approach to medicine. reported that power mode transcranial Doppler had high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of brain death, respectively 100% and 98% (flow velocity was assessed in the middle cerebral artery using a transtemporal approach) [32] (Fig. 9 ). Processed EEG was originally intended for the management of the anesthetic state during surgery to avoid accidental awareness and to titrate sedation in critically ill patients where clinical scales represent the gold standard. In addition, clinical scale assessment is performed by disturbing sedated or sleeping patients (processed EEG does not require modification of the sedation state) and can never identify phases of burst suppression or isoelectric traces (total suppression) [39] , which are associated with negative outcomes (e.g., delirium occurrence, prolonged mechanical ventilation, mortality). cache = ./cache/cord-005503-hm8tvkt3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005503-hm8tvkt3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004646-zhessjqh author = Bawazeer, Mohammed title = Adjunct low-dose ketamine infusion vs standard of care in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients at a Tertiary Saudi Hospital (ATTAINMENT Trial): study protocol for a randomized, prospective, pilot, feasibility trial date = 2020-03-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7841 sentences = 381 flesch = 42 summary = title: Adjunct low-dose ketamine infusion vs standard of care in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients at a Tertiary Saudi Hospital (ATTAINMENT Trial): study protocol for a randomized, prospective, pilot, feasibility trial The 2018 Pain, Agitation/sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep disruption guideline suggested low-dose ketamine infusion as an adjunct to opioid therapy to reduce opioid requirements in post-surgical patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Therefore, we propose a prospective, randomized, active controlled, open-label, pilot, feasibility study to assess the effect and safety of Analgo-sedative ad-juncT keTAmine Infusion iN Mechanically vENTilated ICU patients (the ATTAINMENT trial) compared to standard of care alone. Physician decline after randomization Ketamine will be discontinued Subject will be included in the data analysis a In cases of death (either within the first 48 h, until ICU or hospital discharge, or 28 days after randomization, whichever comes first), detailed documentation will be carried out in the medical record for the cause of death, group allocation, and relation to study protocol allocation and initiation of the trial intervention. cache = ./cache/cord-004646-zhessjqh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004646-zhessjqh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004268-raayrjmd author = Flattres, Aurelien title = Real-time shear wave ultrasound elastography: a new tool for the evaluation of diaphragm and limb muscle stiffness in critically ill patients date = 2020-02-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4591 sentences = 249 flesch = 45 summary = title: Real-time shear wave ultrasound elastography: a new tool for the evaluation of diaphragm and limb muscle stiffness in critically ill patients METHODS: Two operators tested in healthy controls and in critically ill patients the intraand inter-operator reliability of the SWE using transversal and longitudinal views of the diaphragm and limb muscles. We therefore designed the present study with the aim of determining the reliability and reproducibility of SWE measurements for limb muscles and the diaphragm in both healthy subjects and in critically ill patients. This study shows that intra-and inter-operator reliability of shear modulus evaluation, a parameter of muscle quality in limb muscles and the diaphragm in both healthy controls and in critically ill patients, is excellent. No study has ever been performed to evaluate shear modulus measurement feasibility and reliability in the critically ill population at high risk of muscle edema. cache = ./cache/cord-004268-raayrjmd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004268-raayrjmd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004427-dy9v9asg author = Bissell, Brittany D. title = Impact of protocolized diuresis for de-resuscitation in the intensive care unit date = 2020-02-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4699 sentences = 242 flesch = 37 summary = Adult patients admitted to the Medical ICU receiving mechanical ventilation with either (1) clinical signs of volume overload via chest radiography or physical exam or (2) any cumulative fluid balance ≥ 0 mL since hospital admission were eligible for inclusion. Previous protocols guiding volume removal in the critically ill can be found in specific populations including acute decompensated heart failure, AKI, or RRT weaning, with protocolized approaches often improving clinical outcomes versus standard of care [9] [10] [11] . In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of a novel diuresis protocol utilizing common bedside monitoring parameters and simplified loop diuretic dosing on cumulative fluid balance over the first 72 h following hemodynamic stability, as compared to standard of care. Using a diuresis protocol for volume de-resuscitation, we demonstrated a significant decrease in net cumulative fluid balance at 72 h following shock resolution, with potential benefit on clinical outcomes including renal recovery, mortality, and ICU length of stay. cache = ./cache/cord-004427-dy9v9asg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004427-dy9v9asg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005808-w0763esk author = Moreno, Gerard title = Corticosteroid treatment in critically ill patients with severe influenza pneumonia: a propensity score matching study date = 2018-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5146 sentences = 311 flesch = 41 summary = CONCLUSION: Administration of corticosteroids in patients with severe influenza pneumonia is associated with increased ICU mortality, and these agents should not be used as co-adjuvant therapy. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify the factors associated with corticosteroid use and its impact on intensive care unit (ICU) mortality using propensity score (PS) matching analysis in ICU patients with influenza pneumonia. Our results strongly suggest that administration of corticosteroids as co-adjuvant therapy to standard antiviral treatment in critically ill patients with severe influenza pneumonia is associated with increased ICU mortality. Three recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses [41] [42] [43] concluded that corticosteroid therapy is significantly associated with mortality, even in the subgroup of patients with influenza hospitalized in or outside the ICU. In a homogeneous group of critically ill patients with severe influenza pneumonia, after adequate adjustment by PS matching and competing risks, co-adjuvant corticosteroid therapy was significantly associated with increased ICU mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-005808-w0763esk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005808-w0763esk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-000705-w52dc97h author = Ríos, Fernando G title = Lung Function and Organ Dysfunctions in 178 Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation During The 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic date = 2011-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4859 sentences = 301 flesch = 48 summary = METHOD: This was a multicenter, prospective inception cohort study including adult patients with acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) admitted to 20 ICUs in Argentina between June and September of 2009 during the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. Although a mild form of the disease was prevalent, it soon became evident that the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus could also provoke severe, acute respiratory failure requiring admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) for mechanical ventilation [16] , which was reflected in the severe pathological injury found at autopsy [17] . This was a multicenter, inception cohort study that included patients aged > 15 years admitted to the ICU with a previous history of influenza-like illness, evolving to acute respiratory failure that required mechanical ventilation during the 2009 winter in the Southern Hemisphere. We report on a large, prospective cohort of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) patients that were mechanically ventilated for acute respiratory failure due to diffuse pneumonitis during the pandemic in Argentina. cache = ./cache/cord-000705-w52dc97h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-000705-w52dc97h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-003376-2qi4aibx author = van de Groep, Kirsten title = Effect of cytomegalovirus reactivation on the time course of systemic host response biomarkers in previously immunocompetent critically ill patients with sepsis: a matched cohort study date = 2018-12-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3889 sentences = 191 flesch = 42 summary = title: Effect of cytomegalovirus reactivation on the time course of systemic host response biomarkers in previously immunocompetent critically ill patients with sepsis: a matched cohort study Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is observed in 14-41% of intensive care unit (ICU) patients without known prior immune deficiency [1] [2] [3] and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality [4] [5] [6] . Therefore, this longitudinal study aimed to investigate whether the temporal course of seven host response biomarkers, including both pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, in previously immunocompetent ICU patients with sepsis differs between patients with and without CMV reactivation. Time trends of various markers within patients were described by symmetric percentage differences relative to their levels 2 days prior to CMV viremia onset (Fig. 2 for primary comparison, Additional file 1: Figure S1 for secondary comparison). We performed an explorative study to compare time trends of host response biomarkers in patients with reactivation that were matched to non-reactivating control patients who were either seropositive or seronegative for CMV. cache = ./cache/cord-003376-2qi4aibx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-003376-2qi4aibx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006308-s5le8ugm author = Dimopoulos, G. title = Candidemia in immunocompromised and immunocompetent critically ill patients: a prospective comparative study date = 2007-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4713 sentences = 235 flesch = 46 summary = The purpose of this study was to compare the risk factors, clinical manifestations, and outcome of candidemia in immunocompromised (IC) and nonimmunocompromised (NIC) critically ill patients. No study to date has been specifically designed to compare risk factors, manifestations, and outcome of candidemia in IC and NIC critically ill patients. Thus, we performed the present study to assess possible clinically significant differences between IC and NIC patients with candidemia receiving care in the ICU setting. The investigational work-up for invasive candidiasis in our patients (other than blood cultures, esophageal endoscopy, and oral scrapings) included (a) identification of predisposing factors, (b) surveillance cultures to detect possible colonization, (c) eye exam, and (d) CT scans of the suspected site of infection. The NIC patients in our study developed candidemia during their ICU hospitalization, and none manifested esophageal candidiasis, although one developed oral thrush. cache = ./cache/cord-006308-s5le8ugm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006308-s5le8ugm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010566-tciwtxud author = Singh, Nina title = Outcome of patients with cirrhosis requiring intensive care unit support: Prospective assessment of predictors of mortality date = 1998 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3672 sentences = 182 flesch = 40 summary = Determinants of outcome and the utility of the Child-Pugh score and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score as predictors of outcome were prospectively assessed in 54 consecutive patients with cirrhosis requiring intensive care unit (ICU) management. 9,10 Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) scores were determined to be of prognostic significance in a study in ICU patients with cirrhosis; however, neither Child-Pugh scores nor etiology of liver disease were assessed in that study. 35 Mental status has been shown to be a significant predictor of outcome in ICU patients in a number of clinical settings, e.g., patients with acute renal failure requiring dialysis and transplant recipients. Although Child-Pugh scores, serum bilirubin, creatinine, or the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding was not different, the patients with liver disease not caused by alcohol may have been more debilitated, as indicated by a significantly greater requirement for mechanical ventilation and a higher incidence of pulmonary infiltrates. cache = ./cache/cord-010566-tciwtxud.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010566-tciwtxud.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006366-qpjvmwmp author = Kinikar, Aarti Avinash title = Predictors of Mortality in Hospitalized Children with Pandemic H1N1 Influenza 2009 in Pune, India date = 2011-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3309 sentences = 170 flesch = 43 summary = METHODS: Data were abstracted from available hospital records of children less than 12 y of age, who were admitted to Sassoon General Hospital in Pune, India, with confirmed pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza infection from August 2009 through January 2010. A recent publication reported that factors independently associated with in-hospital mortality in adults and children were, requirement for invasive ventilation at intensive care unit (ICU) admission, older age and presence of any co-existing conditions [6] . The following data were collected: demographic characteristics like age, gender and location of residence; clinical characteristics on admission including duration of symptoms, co-morbid illnesses; clinical findings at presentation; and hospital course including use of antibiotics, corticosteroids and antiviral drugs, requirement of bubble continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)or mechanical ventilation, presence of co-infections, laboratory and radiologic findings. cache = ./cache/cord-006366-qpjvmwmp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006366-qpjvmwmp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011159-k2kca8zl author = Kamel, Toufik title = Benefit-to-risk balance of bronchoalveolar lavage in the critically ill. A prospective, multicenter cohort study date = 2020-01-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5114 sentences = 230 flesch = 46 summary = b Patient recruitment exceeded the 500 expected, because we anticipated a number of non-workable case report forms h More than one indication could be present for each BAL i Significantly higher than in the nasal high-flow oxygen therapy or non-invasive ventilation group (p < 0.001), and then in the invasive mechanical ventilation group (p = 0.001) j H0 indicates the time at which BAL has began k Experience in years in the specialty and in terms of number of BAL performed are detailed in Table S1 of the Online resource 1 l We defined the physician performing the BAL as an "experienced physician" when he/she was a pulmonologist or when he/she was an intensivist with the greatest experience (i.e., > 10 years in the specialty or > 50 BAL performed) 35-3.50 ]; p = 0.002) and the amount of BAL fluid (in ml) recovered handled as a linear predictor (OR 1.02 [1.01-1.03] per 1 ml increase; p < 0.01), were statistically significant predictors of a BAL fluid of good quality (Table S6 ). cache = ./cache/cord-011159-k2kca8zl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011159-k2kca8zl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010775-1f9g4t5y author = Labeau, S. O. title = Less daily oral hygiene is more in the ICU: not sure date = 2020-04-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1312 sentences = 66 flesch = 41 summary = Accumulating evidence of the effectiveness of oral care with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) or postoperative pneumonia [1, 2] has led to adopting CHG oral care as the gold standard for intubated patients. Although the authors report no measures of reliability or validity of the instrument, their tool might be a first step towards better matching timing and frequency of oral care to the specific needs of individual ICU patients and to turn 'more' into a 'less' of at least equal quality. Optimal frequency for various aspects of daily oral hygiene (teeth brushing, moisturizing, mouthwash) Outcome: oral health as measured through specific, valid and reliable oral assessment tools for intubated and non-intubated ICU patients, respectively Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia cache = ./cache/cord-010775-1f9g4t5y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010775-1f9g4t5y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011211-79stfqrd author = Robba, Chiara title = Tracheostomy practice and timing in traumatic brain-injured patients: a CENTER-TBI study date = 2020-02-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4821 sentences = 234 flesch = 52 summary = This study aims to describe the characteristics of those TBI patients who undergo a tracheostomy and the current state of its timing; to identify the factors involved in performing the procedure and the different strategies between countries, and to assess the effect of the timing on patients' outcome. • Tracheostomy is commonly performed in TBI patients in ICU, and is most frequently undertaken after the first week in ICU; • The likelihood of receiving a tracheostomy increases significantly with age, the severity of neurological injury (expressed as lower GCS and pupillary abnormalities), extra-cranial injury (particularly thoracic trauma), and early secondary insults (such as hypoxemia); • There are significant variations in tracheostomy rates across countries and centres in Europe; • When assessed as a discrete variable, later tracheostomies are associated with an increase in unfavourable outcome and LOS. cache = ./cache/cord-011211-79stfqrd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011211-79stfqrd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005606-c8c2rfzi author = Gordon, Sharon M. title = Clinical identification of cognitive impairment in ICU survivors: insights for intensivists date = 2004-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4672 sentences = 216 flesch = 34 summary = -Personality changes -Increased apathy -Loss of social inhibitions, display of socially inappropriate behavior with staff -Increased irritability or suspiciousness toward family, visitors, or medical team -Outbursts of inappropriate or unprovoked anger -Memory complaints -Difficulty learning new facts and information about one's medical condition -Persistent word finding problems -Inability to recall conversations with medical staff and recent events in the hospital such as visits by staff, family, or friends -Inability to remember having eaten or what was eaten at meal time -Executive dysfunction -Difficulty following nurses', physicians', or therapists' directions -Problems with planning and decision making related to such things as discharge planning -Confusion when trying to perform multiple tasks -Functional deficits -Difficulty looking up telephone numbers or using the telephone or other equipment such as the television and hospital bed -Decline in self-care not attributable to physical problems or limitations -Inability to find one's room -Inability to follow a conversation -Difficulty following through with tasks Caution should be exercised when drawing conclusions about cognitive functioning based on in-hospital assessments as performance may be adversely affected by factors such as fatigue and residual effects of sedative and narcotic medications. cache = ./cache/cord-005606-c8c2rfzi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005606-c8c2rfzi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010813-94v8zchf author = Deemer, Kirsten title = Effect of early cognitive interventions on delirium in critically ill patients: a systematic review date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6194 sentences = 423 flesch = 36 summary = PURPOSE: A systematic review of the literature was conducted to determine the effects of early cognitive interventions on delirium outcomes in critically ill patients. [23] [24] [25] This systematic review will focus on the elements of early cognitive interventions and their effects on delirium outcomes such as incidence, duration, and severity in critically ill patients. 27 Data extraction Data extraction was conducted independently and in duplicate by two reviewers (K.D. and K.Z.) using a data extraction table that included study methodology, population, objectives, country of origin, specific cognitive interventions conducted, the healthcare professionals conducting interventions, outcomes measured (e.g., delirium incidence, severity and duration), study limitations, and key findings. 30 conducted an RCT of 140 elderly ICU patients and reported a reduced delirium incidence (20% in the control group vs 3% in experimental group) after implementation of an occupational therapy led cognitive intervention protocol that included stimulation, rehabilitation, and training exercises (P = 0.001). cache = ./cache/cord-010813-94v8zchf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010813-94v8zchf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-007560-nck4f5ny author = Ling, Lowell title = COVID-19: A critical care perspective informed by lessons learnt from other viral epidemics date = 2020-02-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2803 sentences = 135 flesch = 40 summary = Infection control Outbreak SARS-CoV-2 strategies during mechanical ventilation and prevention of hospital acquired infections is likely to contribute to improved outcomes in critically ill patients. If full airborne precautions are not possible due to limited facilities or overwhelming numbers of cases, other measures that may decrease risk of nosocomial transmission include cohorting of patients in dedicated wards, or physical separation, supported by disciplined use of PPE, universal contact and droplet precautions and adequate ward ventilation [15, [19] [20] [21] . Within the ICU, and with HCW protected by high-level PPE (including an N95 mask), non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and HFNO use during SARS-CoV and 2009 influenza epidemic was not clearly associated with an increased risk in HCW [24, 25] . Anyone who develops symptoms that could suggest a coronavirus infection are encouraged to call a single emergency number and if COVID-19 is suspected, they are managed at their location by a specialised medical team equipped with PPE to prevent viral contamination, and when necessary, hospitalised in an intensive care unit. cache = ./cache/cord-007560-nck4f5ny.txt txt = ./txt/cord-007560-nck4f5ny.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006869-g2q1gpp0 author = nan title = Neurocritical Care Society 7th Annual Meeting date = 2009-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 45395 sentences = 2661 flesch = 49 summary = This was a pilot study to compare the cerebral neurochemical changes in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who underwent conventional blood glucose level (BGL) control and intensive BGL control with continuous titrated insulin. We studied 14 comatose SAH patients who underwent multimodality neuromonitoring with intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral microdialysis, and brain tissue oxygen (PbtO 2 ) as part of their clinical care. We studied 46 consecutive comatose patients with subarachnoid or intracerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, or cardiac arrest who underwent cerebral microdialysis and intracranial pressure monitoring.Continuous insulin infusion was used to maintain target serum glucose levels of 80-120 mg/dl. This suggests that risk of cerebral vasospasm following traumatic brain injury is increased not only in subarachnoid hemorrhage, but also intraparenchymal hemorrhage, and that Rotterdam CT score may be a useful metric for assessing risk of csPTV in severe TBI patients. cache = ./cache/cord-006869-g2q1gpp0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006869-g2q1gpp0.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011314-at65nvda author = De Weerdt, Annick title = Pre-admission air pollution exposure prolongs the duration of ventilation in intensive care patients date = 2020-03-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4059 sentences = 185 flesch = 38 summary = For each patient's home address, daily air pollutant exposure [particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM(2.5)) and ≤ 10 µm (PM(10)), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and black carbon (BC)] up to 10 days prior to hospital admission was modeled using a high-resolution spatial–temporal model. In analogy with the recent finding that patient preadmission medical and sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., medication use, immune status, frailty) can influence the course and outcome and even the degree of respiratory failure during intensive care unit (ICU) admission [8] [9] [10] , we investigated the association between short-term exposure to residential ambient air pollution and the duration of mechanical ventilation in ICU patients. Short-term ambient particulate and gaseous air pollution exposure prior to ICU admission significantly prolongs the duration of mechanical ventilation irrespective of preexisting lung disease or ICU admission diagnosis. cache = ./cache/cord-011314-at65nvda.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011314-at65nvda.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006975-u5ecibta author = Haviland, Kelly title = Outcomes after long-term mechanical ventilation of cancer patients date = 2020-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3608 sentences = 183 flesch = 49 summary = The outcomes achieved by medical care of patients requiring mechanical ventilation have been incompletely characterized with regard to the likelihood of both weaning and survival, and even less so with regard to quality of life during the time these patients remain alive. To measure whether the creation of a dedicated weaning program altered the outcomes seen in this patient population, we performed a single-institution retrospective study of cancer patients requiring long-term mechanical ventilation who were cared for in a specialized intermediate care weaning unit. Design, setting, and eligibility criteria After a waiver of authorization (WA0023-13) was obtained from the Institutional Review Board at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, we performed a retrospective review of a single institution's experience with all patients treated with prolonged mechanical ventilation with weaning as a goal of care after ICU discharge, subject to intensivist discretion, between 2008 and 2012 and between January and December 2018. cache = ./cache/cord-006975-u5ecibta.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006975-u5ecibta.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011418-hy8xmtiq author = Walz, Alice title = The ICU Liberation Bundle and Strategies for Implementation in Pediatrics date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5257 sentences = 253 flesch = 34 summary = The effects of the full ICU liberation bundle in children have not been published, but in adults, bundle implementation (even partial) resulted in significant improvement in survival, mechanical ventilation use, coma, delirium, restraint-free care, ICU readmissions, and post-ICU discharge disposition. The ICU Liberation Collaborative was a quality improvement initiative hosted by the Society of Critical Care Medicine among 76 hospitals (67 adult and 9 pediatric) formed to implement and assess changes in clinical practice aimed at improving patient outcomes. In two large multicenter studies at varied types of ICUs [18••, 19] , even partial bundle implementation resulted in improvement in survival, mechanical ventilation use, coma, delirium, restraint-free care, ICU readmissions, and post-ICU discharge disposition. This large-scale quality improvement strategy offers guidance for the daily care of critically ill patients that can reduce pain, agitation, and delirium, in an effort to prevent physical, psychological, and cognitive morbidities that limit or prolong recovery. cache = ./cache/cord-011418-hy8xmtiq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011418-hy8xmtiq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011359-3lcjw873 author = De Waele, Jan J. title = Antimicrobial de-escalation as part of antimicrobial stewardship in intensive care: no simple answers to simple questions—a viewpoint of experts date = 2020-02-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4816 sentences = 205 flesch = 29 summary = It is most commonly recommended in the intensive care unit (ICU) patient who is treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics as a strategy to reduce antimicrobial pressure of empirical broad-spectrum therapy and prevent antimicrobial resistance, yet this has not been convincingly demonstrated in a clinical setting. In this manuscript, we aim to highlight recent insights into ADE, its value in ASPs and the practical application as well as discuss the controversies and Fig. 1 Schematic overview of the timeline of antimicrobial therapy including antimicrobial de-escalation, with the pivotal and companion antimicrobial components of the empirical regimen and most common changes within a short antibiotic course for critically ill patients with an infection. For example, when empirical treatment with meropenem is switched to levofloxacin, this may be considered as narrowing of the spectrum, but that patient is exposed to two courses of short duration antimicrobial therapy with a different -and potentially-cumulative damaging effect on the microbiome. cache = ./cache/cord-011359-3lcjw873.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011359-3lcjw873.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011210-afcmln4w author = Olsen, Markus Harboe title = Automated pupillometry and the FOUR score — what is the diagnostic benefit in neurointensive care? date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3437 sentences = 155 flesch = 43 summary = INTRODUCTION: The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and visual inspection of pupillary function are routine measures to monitor patients with impaired consciousness and predict their outcome in the neurointensive care unit (neuro-ICU). METHODS: Supervised trained nursing staff examined a consecutive sample of patients admitted to the neuro-ICU of a tertiary referral centre using GCS and FOUR score and assessing pupillary function first by visual inspection and then by automated pupillometry. In this feasibility study, we aimed to assess how the FOUR score and automated pupillometry add meaningful clinical information in a regular neuro-ICU setting, compared to GCS and visual inspection of pupils. These assessments were used to analyse (1) if the FOUR score results in a more granular evaluation of different levels of consciousness, (2) how well visual inspection of pupillary function reflects results from automated pupillometry and (3) if nursing staff can be trained to collect FOUR scores and perform automated pupillometry in a true-to-life neuro-ICU setting. cache = ./cache/cord-011210-afcmln4w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011210-afcmln4w.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005816-i54q5gsu author = nan title = 10(th) European Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery: May 13–17, 2009 Antalya, Turkey date = 2009-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 83124 sentences = 5617 flesch = 53 summary = Several factors such as the initial lack of symptoms, a low diagnostic sensitivity of the CT (34% false negatives), and the nonoperative management of solid organ injuries, have contributed to a delayed diagnosis in one of every five patients in our series, but this has not led to a significant increase in septic complications in this group. Method: The demographic features, the treatments, the intensity of the illness and mortality rate of the 155 patients in Afyon Kocatepe University General Surgery clinic between the years 2006 Background: Enterocutaneous fistula continues to be a serious surgical problem. Introduction: In our previous study, we examined the treatment results of burn patients older than 45 years, and found a significant increase in mortality with increasing age groups. Methods: Data on emergency surgical cases and admissions to the surgical service over a 3-month period were collected and analyzed; this included patient demographics, referral sources, diagnosis, operation, and length of stay (LOS Conclusion: Emergency workload represents a significant part of the work for the general surgeons. cache = ./cache/cord-005816-i54q5gsu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005816-i54q5gsu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006545-c12m75gq author = Pinilla, Inmaculada title = Radiological prognostic factors in patients with pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) infection requiring hospital admission date = 2011-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3045 sentences = 169 flesch = 45 summary = The aim of this study was to determine the radiologic findings associated with admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with pH1N1 infection. A higher number of lung zones involved and consolidation on the initial chest radiograph as well as a rapid progression of the radiological abnormalities were identified in patients requiring ICU admission and development of ARDS. Several reports describe the initial radiographic and CT findings in patients with H1N1 infection of both mild and severe cases including interstitial markings, nodules, ground-glass opacities (GGO), and consolidations with focal, multifocal, or diffuse distribution [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] . The presence on the initial chest radiograph of lung consolidation, multifocal, diffuse, and bilateral involvement (Fig. 2 ) was associated with a statistically higher risk of requiring ICU admission (p<0.001). cache = ./cache/cord-006545-c12m75gq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006545-c12m75gq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005777-6rvfsx4p author = nan title = PS 0420-0716 date = 2007-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 59217 sentences = 3634 flesch = 53 summary = We prospectively recorded data of all patients who were newly diagnosed with AF and all those with a septic shock on a surgical ICU (no cardiac surgery) during a one year period according to the requirements of the local ethical committee. Our aim was to evaluate the predictive role of admission APACHE II, admission and total maximum SOFA score, hypoalbuminemia, increased serum creatinine, C-reactive protein, lactate, and serum blood glucose for the 30-day mortality of septic patients admitted to medical ICU. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical presentation and to evaluate mortality associated factors (timing and accurancy of diagnosis, timing of surgery, severity score and organ failure, surgical and medical treatments). Data were extracted independently to assess intention to treat intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital mortality, days of mechanical ventilation, length of stay, incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and pneumothorax, and associated complications of the implemented intervention. cache = ./cache/cord-005777-6rvfsx4p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005777-6rvfsx4p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-013443-x74uxdi4 author = Daniel, Dennis A. title = Pediatric Resident Engagement With an Online Critical Care Curriculum During the Intensive Care Rotation* date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3156 sentences = 143 flesch = 45 summary = DESIGN: Prospective cohort study examining curriculum completion data and cross-referencing timestamps for preand posttest attempts with resident schedules to determine the hours that they accessed the curriculum and whether or not they were scheduled for clinical duty. For our ICU residents, we designed curricula that included short videos with pre-and posttests and hypothesized that residents would use these materials most frequently during breaks in patient care while on clinical duty. We collected curriculum completion data for each resident and timestamps for every pre-and the first posttest attempt that occurred during the ICU rotation and in the 14 days preceding. Our data show that residents will engage with online learning materials during and immediately prior to their ICU rotation but do so most often at nighttime and when off-duty, with a portion of use occurring during midnight and 6 am while offduty. cache = ./cache/cord-013443-x74uxdi4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-013443-x74uxdi4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-012560-p5s0p7fd author = Decavèle, Maxens title = One-year survival of patients with high-grade glioma discharged alive from the intensive care unit date = 2020-08-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3703 sentences = 178 flesch = 43 summary = We sought to quantify 1-year mortality and evaluate the association between mortality and (1) functional status, and (2) management of anticancer therapy in patients with high-grade glioma discharged alive from the intensive care unit. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, two factors were independently associated with lower mortality 1 year after ICU admission: continuation of anticancer therapy after ICU discharge (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.03-0.75, p = 0.028), and Karnofsky performance status at ICU admission (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.85-0.95, p < 0.001). The main results of the study can be summarized as follows: in HGG patients discharged alive after an unplanned medical ICU stay (1), we observed a substantial proportion of survivors 1 year after ICU admission (more than one quarter of patients) and most of these patients exhibited relatively favorable performance status even 1 year after ICU admission, (2) continuation of anticancer therapy was possible in almost 50% of patients and was strongly associated with cancer progression and use of corticosteroids at admission, and (3) continuation of anticancer therapy and Karnofsky performance status at admission were associated with higher 1-year survival rates. cache = ./cache/cord-012560-p5s0p7fd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-012560-p5s0p7fd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011327-zsoc4wec author = Martin-Loeches, Ignacio title = Antibiotic prophylaxis in the ICU: to be or not to be administered for patients undergoing procedures? date = 2019-11-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1973 sentences = 95 flesch = 27 summary = However, SAP is also commonly practiced in many ICUs. A single-centre study conducted recently in a Belgian ICU showed that SAP and prophylaxis for immunocompromised patients constituted two-thirds of prophylactic antibiotic treatments prescribed [13] . There are no randomised controlled trials on the effects of timing or choice of antibiotic prophylaxis on the outcomes of ICU patients requiring unplanned surgical procedures. However, French guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia in ICU suggest consideration of selective digestive decontamination with both topical and systemic antibiotics (for a maximum of 96 h) to decrease the rate of pneumonia immediately after urgent intubation based on indirect evidence from several studies [22] . A metaanalysis of studies focused on antibiotic prophylaxis for chest drain insertion in non-ICU patients (i.e. thoracic injury), concluded that treatment after chest drain insertion was significantly associated with a reduced risk of empyema (RR 0.25; 95% CI 0.13-0.49) and pneumonia (RR 0.41; 95% CI 0.24-0.71) when compared with placebo alone [28] . cache = ./cache/cord-011327-zsoc4wec.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011327-zsoc4wec.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-009417-458rrhcm author = Luce, Judith A. title = Use of Blood Components in the Intensive Care Unit date = 2009-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 17101 sentences = 918 flesch = 43 summary = Benefi ts to the patient with more judicious use of platelet transfusion include decreased donor exposure, which lessens the risk of transfusion-transmitted disease; fewer febrile and allergic reactions that may complicate the hospital course; and the potential delay or prevention of alloimmunization to HLA and platelet antigens. If anti-IgA antibodies are determined to be the cause of this reaction, the patient must receive blood components donated by IgA-defi cient individuals or, if unavailable, specially prepared washed RBCs and platelet concentrates. These patients may have intensive red cell and platelet transfusion requirements and need specialized products such as CMV-negative and irradiated blood components. A blood bank problem uniquely encountered in BMT is the need to switch the patient's ABO group because of an ABO-mismatched transplant, thus necessitating an exchange transfusion of red cells and plasma-containing products (i.e., platelet concentrates) of differing ABO type to avoid hemolysis of donor and recipient cells. cache = ./cache/cord-009417-458rrhcm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-009417-458rrhcm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005881-oswgjaxz author = nan title = Abstracts: 11(th) European Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery May 15–18, 2010 Brussels, Belgium date = 2010 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 71955 sentences = 4561 flesch = 52 summary = Prospective case series with historical control group.(Level III) Results: Preliminary data indicate: *a shorter time on ventilator than anticipated (based on comparisson to historical data) * a shorter time on ICU * less pneumoniae * no intra-operative complications * good healing results of the rib fractures * no implant failures * acceptable pain scores * good overal satisfaction * acceptable cosmetic results Conclusion: Internal fixation of rib fractures (flair chest or multiple sequential fractures with pulmonary function compromise) results in a earlier recuperation of pulmonary function with shortened ICU stay. (Regional Association Sanitary Emergencies) Material and Methods: The ARES, whose members are about 600, all over the nation, is configured as an extraordinary health resource, activated by the National Civil Defence operations centre, in according with the Regional centre of Marche, in disater situations Results: The main objectives of ARES are training and organization of medical staff and structures and its growth crosses several missions including: AE Earthquake in Molise, 2002 Introduction: Cephalomedullary nails rely on a large lag screw that provides fixation into the femoral head. cache = ./cache/cord-005881-oswgjaxz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005881-oswgjaxz.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011189-c0ytamge author = da Fonseca Pestana Ribeiro, Jose Mauro title = Less empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics is more in the ICU date = 2019-11-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1621 sentences = 81 flesch = 29 summary = The real impact of MDRs on the outcomes of ICU patients is debatable, but despite this controversy, the incidence of MDRs is related to poor quality-of-care, as an expression of reduced compliance to hand hygiene [14] , and a high burden of antibiotic exposure [15] . De-escalation decreases the time of antibiotic use, but a short exposure still exists; in this way, a single antibiotic dose may be enough to treat severe infections such as Fig. 1 Two different mindsets in the decision making process to initiate antibiotics to critically ill patients who are getting worse. Empiric antibiotic treatment reduces mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock from the first hour: results from a guideline-based performance improvement program Aggressive versus conservative initiation of antimicrobial treatment in critically ill surgical patients with suspected intensivecare-unit-acquired infection: a quasi-experimental, before and after observational cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-011189-c0ytamge.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011189-c0ytamge.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011332-dzl09afq author = Stoclin, A. title = Ventilator-associated pneumonia and bloodstream infections in intensive care unit cancer patients: a retrospective 12-year study on 3388 prospectively monitored patients date = 2019-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3234 sentences = 185 flesch = 54 summary = PURPOSE: Some publications suggest high rates of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and of nosocomial pneumonia portending a poor prognosis in ICU cancer patients. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all the patients hospitalized for ≥ 48 h during a 12-year period in the 12-bed ICU of the Gustave Roussy hospital, monitored prospectively for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and bloodstream infection (BSI) and for use of medical devices. The cumulative incidence during the first 25 days of exposure was 58.8% (95% CI 49.1–66.6%) for VAP, 8.9% (95% CI, 6.2–11.5%) for primary, 15.1% (95% CI 11.6–18.5%) for secondary and 5.0% (95% CI 3.2–6.8%) for catheter-related BSIs. VAP or BSIs were not associated with a higher risk of ICU mortality. The case report forms include information on the following: invasive devices (mechanical ventilation [MV] and central venous catheters [CVCs]), HAIs (VAP, primary BSIs, catheter-related BSIs, and secondary BSIs), neutropenia (white blood cell [WBC] count < 1000/mm 3 or acute leukemia) before admission (duration and nadir), and outcomes at discharge from ICU (infections [date of diagnosis, pathogen] and death. cache = ./cache/cord-011332-dzl09afq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011332-dzl09afq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-014670-e31g8lns author = nan title = Poster Sessions 313-503 date = 2004-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 28575 sentences = 1706 flesch = 55 summary = Over a 12-month period patients who needed reintubation after successful trial of weaning and planned extubation, in a polyvalent intensive care unit (ICU) were identified.Data including clinical features (age, sex, SAPS II on admission, Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) on day of extubation, type of patient, length of intubation and mechanical ventilation (MV) before extubation, length of ICU stay (LOS), ICU and hospital mortality) were collected.Moreover we considered two parameters that asses airway patency and protection like predictors of EF:cough strength and suctioning frequency after extubation.Cough strength on command was measured with a semiobjective scale of 0 to 5 (0= weak cough, 5= strong cough). (3/23)(13.2%), pulmonary embolism(1/23)(4.3%)and severe sepsis(1/23)(4.3%).Seven of patients who received reintubation a cause of defective airway manage needed at least one suctioning every two hours; moreover the same patients and other three with alteration in neurological function had weak cough (grade 0 to 2).The LOS of EF patients was 23±24.3 days, their ICU and hospital mortality were 39.1% and 47.8%, respectively, both higher when compared with not reintubated patients.Results of logistic regression showed that SAPS II is the only independent risk-factor of reintubation (odds ratio 1.056, sig. cache = ./cache/cord-014670-e31g8lns.txt txt = ./txt/cord-014670-e31g8lns.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011483-zc6ve6le author = Leclerc, Angela M. title = Amantadine and Modafinil as Neurostimulants Following Acute Stroke: A Retrospective Study of Intensive Care Unit Patients date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5727 sentences = 260 flesch = 41 summary = Neurostimulant administration data were extracted from the electronic medication administration record, including medication (amantadine, modafinil, or both), starting dose, time from stroke to initiation, and whether the neurostimulant was continued at hospital discharge. Amantadine and modafinil are administered to patients following acute stroke in our intensive care unit (ICU) on an ad hoc basis, but data supporting this practice are largely limited to delayed treatment in rehabilitation or outpatient facilities with very few reports during the acute care hospitalization [17] [18] [19] . Two hundred five patients received amantadine and/ or modafinil during the 3.7 year study period and 118 patients were initially excluded: neurostimulant administered for an indication other than acute stroke (TBI [n = 50], cardiac arrest [n = 15], brain tumor [n = 6], encephalitis [n = 5], or encephalopathy [n = 4]); neurostimulant prescribed prior to hospital admission (n = 27) or administered for < 72 h (n = 8); or history of seizures (n = 3). cache = ./cache/cord-011483-zc6ve6le.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011483-zc6ve6le.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-015061-pl5ag6zz author = nan title = Editor’s picks, 2011–2012: fifteen articles in open access in Intensive Care Medicine date = 2013-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1482 sentences = 100 flesch = 44 summary = [2] In a retrospective study, IPA was diagnosed in as many as 23 % of critically ill patients with severe H1N1 virus infection at a median of 3 days after ICU admission! [3] In neutropenic critically ill patients with severe abdominal condition at ICU admission, b-d-glucan [259 pg/mL with a positive Candida albicans germ tube antibody accurately differentiated Candida colonization from deep-seated candidiasis. Contrast-associated acute kidney injury occurs in one out of six ICU patients who undergo a contrast-enhanced noncoronary radiography examination and is associated with worse short-and long-term outcomes (i.e., renal replacement therapy, kidney function at discharge, increased length of ICU and hospital stays, and mortality). Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a frequent complication of critically ill H1N1 patients: a retrospective study Characteristics and determinants of outcome of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in intensive care units: the EUROBACT International Cohort Study cache = ./cache/cord-015061-pl5ag6zz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-015061-pl5ag6zz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011029-sbds5sda author = Portran, Philippe title = Improving the prognostic value of ∆PCO(2) following cardiac surgery: a prospective pilot study date = 2019-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4593 sentences = 246 flesch = 49 summary = We compared the prognostic value of ∆PCO(2) on intensive care unit (ICU) admission to an original algorithm combining ∆PCO(2), ERO(2) and lactate to identify different risk profiles. An algorithm incorporating ICU admission values of ∆PCO(2), ERO(2) and lactate defined a high-risk profile that predicted prolonged ICU and hospital stays better than ∆PCO(2) alone. Surrogate markers like central venous to arterial PCO 2 difference (ΔPCO 2 ), oxygen extraction ratio (ERO 2 ) and lactate are used to evaluate this adequacy [2, 3] . In this pilot study, we evaluate the prognostic value of ΔPCO 2 at the time of ICU admission and compare it to an original algorithm combining ΔPCO 2 , ERO 2 and lactate to identify different risk profiles after elective conventional cardiac surgery. The algorithm combining ΔPCO 2 with ERO 2 and lactate identified 12 patients with a low-risk profile and 13 patients with a high-risk profile at the time of admission. cache = ./cache/cord-011029-sbds5sda.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011029-sbds5sda.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-015090-n6f4xupw author = nan title = PS 339-563 date = 2005-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 26280 sentences = 1560 flesch = 53 summary = We designed this study to examine the effects of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) with and without BAL on body temperature, systemic arterial pressure, heart rate and supportive therapies requirements in mechanically ventilated patients. Clinical characteristics (Glasgow scale, heart rate, systolic blood pressure), cardiac enzymes (troponin I, total serum creatine kinase and myocardial isoenzyme, myoglobin), ECG changes (ST-T changes, prolonged QT and corrected QT intervals), echocardiographic assessment of cardiac function (left ventricular ejection fraction, hypokinesia) were studied on the day of the admission. It is a prospective study performed during 12 months of the patients with brain trauma admitted in a 24-beds medical-surgical ICU of a 650-beds university hospital. This prospective observational study included 200 adult patients admitted to a 31-bed university hospital medical-surgical ICU during a 3-month period. cache = ./cache/cord-015090-n6f4xupw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-015090-n6f4xupw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-015082-l629n8is author = nan title = Poster Sessions 323-461 date = 2002-08-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 26569 sentences = 1648 flesch = 52 summary = 14 patients awaiting urgent cardiac surgical re-vascularisation were studied with measurement of: spirometry; percentage increase in transfer factor from sitting to lying position (TF) as an indicator of micro-vascular lung disease; overnight oximetry on air; and 24hour holter monitoring Patients, who were reintubated on decreased indices of arterial oxygenation under MOSF progressing died in 100% cases ( NIMV is effective method in complex therapy of ARF, developing in postoperative period after cardiac surgery, that leads to significant improvement of lungs biomechanics and gases change function. In a prospective observational study we performed bedside ptO2 measurements in 8 patients with sepsis/septic shock to gain insight in ptO2 values and their dynamic changes related to the course of the illness, as well as investigating the practical applicability of tissue oxygen measurement in the ICU setting. cache = ./cache/cord-015082-l629n8is.txt txt = ./txt/cord-015082-l629n8is.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-015640-zdwmxaz3 author = Tong, C. Y. W. title = Clinical Virology in NICU, PICU and AICU date = 2011-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6051 sentences = 356 flesch = 44 summary = Viruses are significant causes of nosocomial infections, particularly in intensive care unit (ICU) where seriously ill and vulnerable patients are being cared for. Adherence to effective infection control measures (hand hygiene, enteric precautions; Table 20 .3), as well as adequate staffing and patient cohorting/ isolation can therefore help prevent or manage an outbreak [41] . Neonates and immunocompromised patients can shed the virus for a prolonged time over months, which emphasises the need for rigorous adherence to effective infection control measures (Table 20. Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) should therefore be offered to all health care workers who have significant exposure to blood or body fluid from a patient known to be at high risk of or to have HIV infection. Preliminary estimation of risk factors for admission to intensive care units and for death in patients infected with A(H1N1)2009 influenza virus cache = ./cache/cord-015640-zdwmxaz3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-015640-zdwmxaz3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005497-w81ysjf9 author = nan title = 40th International Symposium on Intensive Care & Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 24-27 March 2020 date = 2020-03-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 103623 sentences = 6176 flesch = 53 summary = The positive NC group had more plasma transfusion (p-value 0.03) and a lower median hematocrit at 24 hrs (p-value 0.013), but similar hospital length of stay (p=0.17) and mortality rate (p=0.80) Conclusions: NC at ICU admission identifies subclinical AKI in TBI patients and it maight be used to predictclinical AKI. In patients with pneumonia requiring intensive care (ICU) admission, we hypothesise that abnormal right ventricular (RV) function is associated with an increased 90-day mortality. The objective of this study was to describe the incidence of each AKI stages as defined by KDIGO definition (with evaluation of urine output, serum creatinine and initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT)), in a mixed medical and surgical population of patients hospitalized in ICU and PCU over a 10-year period (2008-2018). This study aimed at investigating the relationship of goal-directed energy and protein adequacy on clinical outcomes which includes mortality, intensive care unit(ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS), and length of mechanical ventilation (LOMV). cache = ./cache/cord-005497-w81ysjf9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005497-w81ysjf9.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006880-9dgmdtj8 author = nan title = Neurocritical Care Society 10th Annual Meeting: October 4 - 7, 2012 Sheraton Denver Downtown Hotel Denver, Colorado date = 2012-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 82351 sentences = 4528 flesch = 49 summary = Patients initially comatose after cardiac arrest treated who awoke after therapeutic hypothermia (TH) were evaluated by a neuropsychologist prior to hospital discharge with the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), a well-validated tool that assesses function in multiple domains compared to standardized normal values. Clinical data including the pre-admission-status, neuroradiological, initial presentation, treatment, and outcome were evaluated through institutional databases, patient's medical charts and by mailed questionnaires. To determine the differences in hospital outcomes among adult mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients where the severity of TBI is defined by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score. Retrospective chart analysis was performed on all adult patients arriving to emergency department with history of fall at a level one trauma center for parameters like vomiting, alteration of consciousness (AOC) & loss of consciousness (LOC) after TBI; post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) and history of seizures before or after injury, along with outcomes such as ICU admission & ICU length of stay. cache = ./cache/cord-006880-9dgmdtj8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006880-9dgmdtj8.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005646-xhx9pzhj author = nan title = 2nd World Congress on Pediatric Intensive Care 1996 Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 23–26 June 1996 Abstracts of Oral Presentations, Posters and Nursing Programme date = 1996 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 72031 sentences = 4734 flesch = 56 summary = Aims and methods The aim of both a prospective and retrospective survey conducted in German pediatric intensive care units in 1993 was to accumulate data on the epidemiology, risk factors, natural history and treatment strategies in a large group of pediatric ARDS patients who were treated in the tt~ee year period from 1991 to 1993.All patients had acute bilateral alveolar infiltration of noncardiogenic origin and a pO2~iO2 ratio < 150mmHg. The influence of sex, underlying disease and single organ failure was analyzed using the Fischer's exact test, the influence of additional organ failure on mortality was tested with the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszet statistics. cache = ./cache/cord-005646-xhx9pzhj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005646-xhx9pzhj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-014533-6qfecv5h author = Velasquez, T. title = ESICM LIVES 2016: part three: Milan, Italy. 1–5 October 2016 date = 2016-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 88380 sentences = 5139 flesch = 52 summary = P. Tirapu; Navarro-Guillamón, L.; Cordovilla-Guardia, S.; Iglesias-Santiago, A.; Guerrero-López, F.; Fernández-Mondéjar, E.; Vidal, A.; Perez, M.; Juez, A.; Arias, N.; Colino, L.; Perez, J. Methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted on consecutive 100 pediatric surgical patients who admitted to PSICUs at Cairo University Hospitals starting from 1/6-1/12/2015.After approval by research ethics committee,informed consents were obtained from parents and pediatric cases aged from 1 month-18 years and stayed for > 48 h were enrolled.MPV and PLC were obtained and recorded at baseline(preoperative values),on the day of ICU admission(day 0),1 st ,2 nd ,3 rd ,5 th and 7 th days.To measure daily MPV changes; (ΔMPV) was constructed and computed where ΔMPV = ([MPVday(X) − MPVday (0)]/MPVday(0) × 100 %. Results: The results obtained after analyzing the two homogeneous groups according to age, gender, type of admission and severity influencing the physiotherapy care in ICU quality indicators, in the Sagrada Esperança clinic, highlights the decrease of the average number of days with mechanical ventilation but it is not observed a significant relation between physical therapy and this indicator (p = 0:06). cache = ./cache/cord-014533-6qfecv5h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-014533-6qfecv5h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005727-li8pwigg author = nan title = ESICM 2010 MONDAY SESSIONS 11 October 2010 date = 2010-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 102770 sentences = 6408 flesch = 53 summary = Since, continuous epidural analgesia provides the required level of analgesia to support early mobilization and significant reduction in pulmonary and cardiovascular morbidity in the early postoperative period, we postulated that the use of low dose of continuous epidural morphine might improve postoperative analgesia and reduce undesirable side effects in elderly patientsTherefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of morphine administered via epidural patients controlled analgesia and intravenous tramadol + metamizol on postoperative pain control and side effects in elderly patients after major abdominal surgery. For each ventilated patient the following data was registered:Age, APACHE II, the reason of admission, risk factors, use NIV, MV duration, timing of tracheostomy, time of diagnosis of VAP, microbiological data, length of stay and mortality in ICU. 23rd ESICM ANNUAL CONGRESS -BARCELONA, SPAIN -9-13 OCTOBER 2010 S131 Evaluated factors: patient characteristics, signs, symptoms, abscess location, time between symptoms and hospital admission and surgery, lab results, microbiology, antibiotic therapy, APACHE2, SAPS2, SOFA, length of ICU stay, surgical re-intervention, duration of mechanical ventilation, infectious complications, critical illness myopathy (CIM), renal replacement therapy (RRT), re-intubation, tracheotomy, mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-005727-li8pwigg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005727-li8pwigg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-016109-vbzy11hc author = Damjanovic, V. title = Outbreaks of Infection in the ICU: What’s up at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century? date = 2011-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5492 sentences = 287 flesch = 46 summary = We used the same framework as in the second edition of this book; however, outbreaks were not presented separately per ICU type but according to causative organisms, in the following order: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), aerobic Gramnegative bacilli (AGNB), Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp. A paper from Italy published in 2002 reported a unique experience of controlling a MRSA outbreak of 8 months' duration in a medical/surgical AICU in 1998 using enterally administered vancomycin in mechanically ventilated patients [5] . In 2005, a report from Italy described an outbreak of VRE colonisation and infection in an ICU that lasted 16 months (2001-2002) [12] . A report from The Netherlands published in 2001 described an outbreak of infections with a multi-drug-resistant Klebsiella strain [19] associated with contaminated roll boards in operating rooms. cache = ./cache/cord-016109-vbzy11hc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-016109-vbzy11hc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-016498-j72vrvqf author = Fong, I. W. title = Issues in Community-Acquired Pneumonia date = 2020-03-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8280 sentences = 372 flesch = 38 summary = In a recent study of 70 children <5 years of age hospitalized for CAP without an identifiable etiology and 90 asymptomatic controls, metagenomics [next-generation sequencing] and pan-viral PCR were able to identify a putative pathogen in 34% of unidentifiable cases from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs [18] . More recently in Britain, 325 adult patients with confirmed pneumonia admitted to two tertiary-care hospitals had cultures and comprehensive molecular testing [multiplex real-time PCR for 26 respiratory viruses and bacteria] from sputum [96%] and endotracheal aspirate [4% or 13 cases] [32] . Incidence of respiratory viral infections detected by PCR and real-time PCR in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis Severe thinness is associated with mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective observational study Effect of corticosteroids on treatment failure among hospitalized patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia and high inflammatory response: a randomized clinical trial cache = ./cache/cord-016498-j72vrvqf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-016498-j72vrvqf.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-015372-76xvzvdg author = nan title = National scientific medical meeting 1996 abstracts date = 1996 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 36596 sentences = 2204 flesch = 53 summary = One, two and five-year survival rates were examined; age at diagnosis and lesion type were extremely significant factors in relation to patient outcome. Patients' age, sex, risk group, CDC stage, CD4 count, indication for therapy, complication rate and response to treatment are described. Fifty-eight patients (34 male, 24 female) ranging in age from 15 to 65 years (Mean + SD = 28.4 + 10.8) were included in the study. Among these 48 patients (mean age 68.0+12.7), after controlling for age and for the duration and continuity of subsequent antipsychotic treatment, increasing duration of initially untreated psychosis was associated with greater severity of negative symptoms (p<0.005) and with lower scores on the MMSE (p<0.05) but not with executive dysfunction on the EXIT (p=0.3). Conclusion Although not a population based study, care of IDDM in Ireland is almost totally hospital clinic based Cigarette smoking is identified as the major problem to be addressed Patients with diabetes meltitus (DM) are at a higher risk of developing vascular complications, including coronary artery disease (CAD). cache = ./cache/cord-015372-76xvzvdg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-015372-76xvzvdg.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-014996-p6q0f37c author = nan title = Posters_Monday_12 October 2009 date = 2009-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 85190 sentences = 5288 flesch = 54 summary = Data recorded on admission were the patient demographics with, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score (APACHE II), and type of admission; during intensive care stay, sepsis-related organ failure assessment score (SOFA) and clinical concomitant factors and conditions. For each severe septic patient the following data was registered: time delay, APACHE II and SOFA scores at ICU admission, diagnosis, the rate of compliance with the resucitation and management bundles, microbiological data, evolution of levels of serum lactate, empiric antibiotic therapy, length of stay and mortality in ICU. Sepsis and septic shock remain the most important causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients and account for more than 50% of cases of acute renal failure (ARF) in intensive care units (ICU). There were no significant differences between the demographic data (sex, age) or the data on admission to intensive care (APACHE II score, ratio of medical to surgical patients) and duration of mechanical ventilation between the two groups. cache = ./cache/cord-014996-p6q0f37c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-014996-p6q0f37c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018412-kv3vxmcw author = Bambi, Stefano title = Evolution of Intensive Care Unit Nursing date = 2017-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8546 sentences = 428 flesch = 43 summary = In future, increases in the number of ICU beds relative to bed numbers in other hospital wards will probably be contemplated, even in a scenario of decreasing costs; clinical protocols will be computerized and/or nurse-driven; more multicenter and international trials will be performed; and organizational strategies will concentrate ICU personnel in a few large units, to promote the flexible management of these healthcare workers. Moreover, extracorporeal organ support technologies will be improved; technology informatics will cover all the bureaucratic aspects of healthcare work, aiding the staff in workload assessment; and critical care multidisciplinary rounds and follow-up services for post-ICU patients will be implemented. • Development of methods for fast recognition of acute patients at high risk of rapid deterioration • Minimally invasive organ support technologies • New approaches to enhance patient comfort while reducing changes of consciousness • Effective process and outcome measurements for critical illness research and palliative and EOL care. cache = ./cache/cord-018412-kv3vxmcw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018412-kv3vxmcw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017771-g72qaoub author = Lohan, Rahul title = Imaging of ICU Patients date = 2019-01-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3758 sentences = 215 flesch = 39 summary = Besides the evaluation of these conditions, imaging is routinely used for the assessment of various catheters and tubes commonly used in ICUs. The common pulmonary parenchymal disease processes in ICU patients include hydrostatic pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), atelectasis, pneumonia, aspiration, and pulmonary hemorrhage. Indistinctness of pulmonary vasculature is subtle but often the most useful radiographic sign of early interstitial edema in ICU patients. The CT findings of hydrostatic pulmonary edema include smooth interlobular septal thickening, ground-glass opacities, consolidation, and pleural effusions ( Fig. 7.4) . The diagnosis of pneumonia in ICU patients is often challenging as the airspace opacities seen on chest radiographs in these patients can be caused by atelectasis, aspiration, pulmonary hemorrhage, noninfectious lung inflammation (e.g., drug reaction), pulmonary edema, or ARDS [12] . The radiographic abnormalities commonly seen with aspiration are patchy ill-defined ground-glass opacities, nodular opacities, or consolidation in the dependent regions of the lungs (Fig. 7.10 ). cache = ./cache/cord-017771-g72qaoub.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017771-g72qaoub.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017518-u2gsa4lg author = Divatia, J. V. title = Nosocomial Infections and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Cancer Patients date = 2019-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8766 sentences = 421 flesch = 33 summary = These infection rates can be significantly reduced by the implementing and improving compliance with the "care bundles." This chapter will address the common nosocomial infections such as ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), and surgical site infections (SSI), including preventive strategies and care bundles for the same. (a) Patient factors such as extremes of age, immunosuppression due to malignancy, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), patients requiring emergency admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), duration of stay more than 7 days, chronic illness like renal failure, diabetes mellitus, chronic liver disease, presence of indwelling catheters, ventilation, total parenteral nutrition, trauma, abdominal surgeries, and impaired functional status [44, 45] (b) Organizational factors such as the poor environmental hygiene inside the hospital or ICU, lack of efficient infection control measures, inadequate manpower such as an inadequate nurse to patient ratio or inadequate waste management staff, and inadequate equipment for patient use (c) Iatrogenic factors such as ignorance regarding infection control practices, lack of training in infection control, etc. cache = ./cache/cord-017518-u2gsa4lg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017518-u2gsa4lg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017489-ftz9190a author = Richards, Guy A. title = Viruses in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) date = 2005 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5792 sentences = 330 flesch = 44 summary = Pneumonia is the most common complication, which occurs in high-risk patients including those with comorbid illness such as cardiovascular or pulmonary disease, diabetes, renal failure, immunosuppression, the elderly, or residents of nursing homes. A study performed in our ICU indicates that corticosteroids may dramatically alter the course of the most severe disease and should be considered in addition to antiviral therapy along with appropriate supportive care in any previously well patient with life threatening varicella pneumonia (42). Patients with HIV or AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) who are hospitalized with chickenpox appear to be at high risk for developing varicella pneumonia, which manifests in a similar clinical fashion to that in immunocompetent individuals. In another study of 68 adult patients admitted with measles diagnosed on clinical and serological grounds, 9 required intensive care, six mechanical ventilation for approximately 15 days, and two deaths occurred. cache = ./cache/cord-017489-ftz9190a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017489-ftz9190a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006182-kck5e1ry author = nan title = 17th Annual Meeting, Neurocritical Care Society, October 15–18, 2019, Vancouver, Canada date = 2019-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 87645 sentences = 4817 flesch = 46 summary = The primary objective of COGiTATE (CppOpt GuIded Therapy Assessment of Target Effectiveness) is to demonstrate feasibility of individualising CPP at CPPopt in TBI patients, expressed as the percentage of monitoring time for which CPP is within 5 mmHg of regularly updated CPPopt targets during the first 5 days of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. Neurocritical care has become increasingly subspecialized.Yet, due to limited availability of dedicated Neurocritical Care units (NCCUs), often patients may need to be admitted to ICUs other than NCCUs. This survey based study was conducted to explore self-reported knowledge in recognizing and managing some common neurological emergencies such as stroke, status epilepticus, raised intracranial pressure etc among critical care nurses at a Comprehensive Stroke Center. Coagulation factor Xa (recombinant), inactivated-Xa inhibitor associated life--factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) was utilized offRetrospective, single center, cohort study including adult intracranial hemorrhage patients who received discharge between efficacy (defined by International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis criteria), thrombotic events, ICU and hospital length of stay, and mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-006182-kck5e1ry.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006182-kck5e1ry.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023873-fidpskcs author = Meersseman, Wouter title = Invasive Aspergillosis in the Intensive Care Unit: Beyond the Typical Haematological Patient date = 2009-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4137 sentences = 208 flesch = 39 summary = Finally, to date, the diagnostic utility of recently available non-culture based microbiological tools, including the detection of fungal antigens and the detection of Aspergillus-specific DNA through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, has not been properly validated in the non-haematology ICU population. In addition, typical ICU patients such as those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or liver disorders were not considered amongst hosts at high risk for IA in the recently updated EORTC/MSG guidelines [2] . In a recent study published by our group [10] , patients with fever new lung infiltrates were screened for IA using galactomannan testing in bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid. The concept that increasing fungal burden due to specific ICU treatments for other diseases than IA (e.g. steroids for septic shock) parallels the progression from subclinical to clinical aspergillosis, needs to be explored with more sensitive markers (e.g. PCR). Corticosteroid treatment as a risk factor for invasive aspergillosis in patients with lung disease cache = ./cache/cord-023873-fidpskcs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023873-fidpskcs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017772-zpf1xjqi author = Walter, James M. title = Thrombocytopenia in the Intensive Care Unit date = 2019-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4577 sentences = 279 flesch = 43 summary = In general, ICU patients who develop thrombocytopenia are sicker than patients with normal platelet counts, with higher illness severity scores, more need for vasoactive infusions, and more organ dysfunction [8, 9] . TMAs are a diverse group of disorders that can be classified broadly as primary (thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic uremic syndrome, drug-mediated, etc.) or secondary to a systemic disorder (disseminated intravascular coagulation, severe hypertension, hemolysis with elevated liver enzymes and low platelets during pregnancy, etc.) [23] . The diagnosis of DIC should be suspected in any critically ill patient with thrombocytopenia, abnormal coagulation parameters (e.g., a prolonged prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times), MAHA, and laboratory evidence of fibrinolysis (e.g., an elevated d-dimer and reduced fibrinogen) [38] . Indeed, a recent systematic review did not identify a single high-quality study that investigated the impact of prophylactic platelet transfusions on bleeding rates in critically ill patients [72] . cache = ./cache/cord-017772-zpf1xjqi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017772-zpf1xjqi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-021917-z9wpjr0d author = Stephens, R. Scott title = Bioterrorism and the Intensive Care Unit date = 2009-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8255 sentences = 444 flesch = 44 summary = • Health care workers, accustomed to putting the welfare of patients ahead of their own in emergency situations, must be prepared for the proper use of personal protective equipment and trained in specific plans for the response to an infective or bioterrorism event. Although intensivists working in developed countries generally have little experience treating specific illnesses caused by serious bioweapon pathogens, these diseases result in clinical conditions that commonly require treatment in intensive care units (ICUs) (e.g., severe sepsis and septic shock, hypoxemic respiratory failure, and ventilatory failure). An optimal medical response to a bioweapon attack will require all or most of the following: early diagnosis, rapid case finding, large-scale distribution of countermeasures for postexposure prophylaxis or early treatment, immediate isolation of contagious victims, and enhanced capacity for providing medical care to seriously and critically ill victims. cache = ./cache/cord-021917-z9wpjr0d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-021917-z9wpjr0d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010980-sizuef1v author = nan title = ECTES Abstracts 2020 date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 132644 sentences = 8727 flesch = 53 summary = We hypothesized that presentation to a PTC would yield increased mortality when subspecialty intervention was required and that this would be most pronounced at night when in-house attending coverage is absent at all state PTCs. Materials and methods: A review of the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcome Study (PTOS) database was performed to capture patients aged 12-18 who underwent any non-orthopedic trauma surgery. Traumatic subaxial cervical fractures: functional prognostic factors and survival analysis Introduction: The main goal of this study is to identify the risk factors for poor functional outcomes and to analyze the overall survival (OS) and complications rate in patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) and subaxial cervical fracture (SACF) treated with open surgical fixation. After applying a multiple imputation on all the study variables, a logistic regression generalized estimating equation after adjustment for age, sex, mechanism of trauma, and the injury severity score as covariates and hospitals as a cluster assessed an association between quartile of patient volume in intensive care unit and hospital mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-016208-u12ngkpc author = Andersen, Bjørg Marit title = Intensive Patient Treatment date = 2018-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4579 sentences = 334 flesch = 50 summary = Intensive care units (ICUs) are treating hospital's poorest patients that need medical assistance during the most extreme period of their life. Intensive patients are treated with extensive invasive procedures, which may cause a risk of hospital infections in 10–30% of the cases. The hospital's management should provide resources and written guidelines regarding infection control work, proper patient/care ratio, sufficient patient areas, isolation capacity and documented competence. Intensive care unit (ICU) should have a large enough area and furnished for a good, safe and effective infection protection [1] . Recent studies indicate that patients in separate ICU rooms will have fewer hospital infections and thus a lower risk of fatal outcome [72, 73] . An outbreak of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated with increased risk of patient death in an intensive care unit Single rooms may help to prevent nosocomial blood stream infection and cross-transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in intensive care units cache = ./cache/cord-016208-u12ngkpc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-016208-u12ngkpc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-019043-cqmqwl3i author = Fidalgo, Pedro title = Chronic Kidney Disease in the Intensive Care Unit date = 2014-03-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8675 sentences = 409 flesch = 32 summary = The incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease are increasing, and these patients have a higher risk of developing critical illness and being admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) compared to the general population. Factors that have been shown to be associated with ICU mortality in ESRD patients are older age, higher illness severity score (i.e., APACHE II or SAPS II), burden of nonrenal organ dysfunction/failure, medical or nonsurgical admission type, and provision and duration of life-sustaining technologies (i.e., mechanical ventilation, vasopressor therapy). Synthetic colloids, such as hydroxyethyl starch (HES), have appeal for resuscitation fluids based on the premise that they attenuate the inflammatory response, mitigate endothelial barrier dysfunction, improve microcirculatory flow, and contribute to more rapid hemodynamic stabilization; however, accumulated data have now suggested use of these fluids in critical illness is associated with dosedependent risk for severe AKI requiring RRT, bleeding complications, and death (Box 32.2). cache = ./cache/cord-019043-cqmqwl3i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-019043-cqmqwl3i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018182-lleti89n author = Kassutto, Stacey M. title = Care of the Surgical ICU Patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension date = 2016-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6222 sentences = 310 flesch = 32 summary = Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are frequently encountered in the intensive care unit (ICU). Important differential diagnoses in patients with severe dyspnea and/or impending respiratory failure include congestive heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary embolism, cardiac arrhythmia, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, acute infectious processes such as bacterial or viral pneumonia, and exacerbations of other underlying pulmonary conditions such as interstitial lung disease. Given their complexity, the use of RHC and ongoing invasive hemodynamic monitoring is recommended for patients with evidence of RV failure requiring ICU admission, particularly in the setting of vasoactive agent titration [32] . Hospital and 1-year survival of patients admitted to intensive care units with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Antibiotic therapy and treatment failure in patients hospitalized for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in the setting of severe acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: more effective and less expensive cache = ./cache/cord-018182-lleti89n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018182-lleti89n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-027678-k64whepc author = Chan, Kai Man title = Pneumonia date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6626 sentences = 414 flesch = 40 summary = The differential diagnosis and the likely causative organisms can be narrowed by using epidemiological clues, the most important of which are whether the pneumonia is community-acquired or healthcare-associated and whether the patient is immunocompromised. An acute infection of the pulmonary parenchyma that is associated with at least some symptoms of acute infection, accompanied by an acute infiltrate on a chest radiograph (CXR), or auscultatory findings consistent with pneumonia (e.g. altered breath sounds, localised crackles) in a patient not hospitalised or residing in a long-term care facility for ≥14 days prior to the onset of symptoms. Diagnosis may be difficult: the clinical features of pneumonia are non-specific and many non-infectious conditions (e.g. atelectasis, pulmonary embolus, aspiration, heart Table 36 .2 Procedure for obtaining microbiological samples using bronchoscopy and protected specimen brushing and/or bronchoalveolar lavage 35, 49 Infection control cache = ./cache/cord-027678-k64whepc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-027678-k64whepc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-025164-hqj22yxe author = Renew, J. Ross title = Neuromuscular blockade management in the critically Ill patient date = 2020-05-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8188 sentences = 383 flesch = 31 summary = ACh: Acetylcholine; AMG: Acceleromyography; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; CIM: Critical illness myopathy; CINM: Critical illness neuromyopathy; CIP: Critical illness polyneuropathy; DVT: Deep venous thrombosis; ED95: Effective dose that decreases the twitch by 95% from baseline; EEG: Electroencephalography; EMG: Electromyography; GRADE: Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation; ICP: Intracranial pressure; ICU: Intensive care unit; ICUAW: Intensive care unit-acquired weakness; KMG: Kinemyography; nAChR: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; NAP4: 4th National Audit Project; NMBA: Neuromuscular blocking agent; NMJ: Neuromuscular junction; OR: Operating room; OSA: Obstructive sleep apnea; PaO 2 /FiO 2 : Partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen; pEEG: Processed electroencephalography; PNS: Peripheral nerve stimulator; RSII: Rapid sequence induction and intubation; SCCM: Society of Critical Care Medicine for all aspects of the work. cache = ./cache/cord-025164-hqj22yxe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-025164-hqj22yxe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018801-amet0wx4 author = Park, Caroline title = Care of the Patient with Liver Failure Requiring Transplantation date = 2018-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4703 sentences = 237 flesch = 30 summary = Depending on acuity, patients with decompensated chronic or acute fulminant liver failure generally require preoperative intensive care unit admission to manage organ dysfunction. Depending on acuity, patients with decompensated chronic or acute fulminant liver failure generally require preoperative intensive care unit (ICU) admission to manage organ dysfunction. In patients that develop AKI post-liver transplantation, treatment includes the prevention of hypotension and decreased use of unnecessary blood products. Early postoperative infections in liver transplant patients are typically bacterial and related to the donor's status (previous infections from advanced cirrhosis), the surgical procedure itself, prolonged use of invasive catheters, and duration of mechanical ventilation. The resulting lack of blood flow and developing ischemia and necrosis from hepatic artery thrombosis present with signs and symptoms similar to fulminant liver failure patients with elevated liver serum tests, coagulopathy, and severe metabolic acidosis. cache = ./cache/cord-018801-amet0wx4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018801-amet0wx4.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-026392-cvb44v5v author = Dahlberg, Jørgen title = Barriers and challenges in the process of including critically ill patients in clinical studies date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4780 sentences = 256 flesch = 49 summary = RESULTS: Among 279 eligible critically ill patients, 204 (73%) were omitted from the study due to challenges and barriers in the inclusion process. Previous studies have identified obstacles when performing research in critically ill patients at intensive care units (ICU) related to challenges in the recruitment process [1] [2] [3] [4] . The legislation and clinical practice vary across the world, and a prior PubMed search did not disclose any resent Scandinavian research covering the overall barriers and challenges in the process of including critically ill patients in clinical studies. The purpose of this study was to identify practical, medical, legal or ethical barriers and challenges in the process of including critically ill patients in the Norwegian Intensive Care Unit Dalteparin Effect (NORIDES) study. The study revealed that most critically ill patients at ICU were unable to provide written, informed consent for study participation. cache = ./cache/cord-026392-cvb44v5v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-026392-cvb44v5v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-028923-gzqd5g0k author = Vitug, Sarah title = Sedation with ketamine and fentanyl combination improves patient outcomes in intensive care units date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1067 sentences = 64 flesch = 32 summary = title: Sedation with ketamine and fentanyl combination improves patient outcomes in intensive care units Psychological manifestations such as depression and suicidal ideation are commonly caused by poorly controlled pain, anxiety, and sleep deprivation in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. We have shown that appropriate combinations of ketamine and fentanyl are effective, and if further supplementation is needed, we utilize additional pharmacological agents in low doses and regional techniques that ultimately lower the overall opioid consumption. For the last 25 years, we have adopted a multimodal approach for pain and sedation, such as ketamine and fentanyl combinations for many of our postoperative ICU patients. In patients who are resistant to sedation, we add medication in addition to ketamine and fentanyl, such as low-dose propofol, midazolam, or dexmedetomidine [3] . The purpose of our multimodal approach to pain and sedation in the postoperative ICU setting is to improve the quality of care for our patients by minimizing undesired effects associated with analgesic agents. cache = ./cache/cord-028923-gzqd5g0k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-028923-gzqd5g0k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-025749-mip9mkef author = Jo, Sungyang title = Newly developed stroke in patients admitted to non-neurological intensive care units date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4132 sentences = 191 flesch = 44 summary = OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate characteristics and outcomes of newly developed stroke in patients admitted to the non-neurological intensive care units (ICU-onset stroke, IOS). In multivariable analysis, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.03−1.06, P < 0.001), prothrombin time (AOR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98−0.99, P = 0.013), cardiovascular surgery (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.34−2.50, P < 0.001), mechanical ventilation (AOR = 6.75, 95% CI = 4.87−9.45, P < 0.001), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (AOR = 2.77, 95% CI = 1.62−4.55, P < 0.001) were related to the development of IOS. (Table I The main reasons for delays in stroke recognition included the use of sedative agents following surgery (n = 51) or mechanical ventilation (n = 29), presumed metabolic encephalopathy (n = 18), and missed findings of neurological deficits during routine hourly evaluations (n = 4) (as described for 102 patients who had such a time interval beyond the median time of 8.9 h). cache = ./cache/cord-025749-mip9mkef.txt txt = ./txt/cord-025749-mip9mkef.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-025861-nsrs6dmc author = Waldeck, Frederike title = Influenza-associated aspergillosis in critically-ill patients—a retrospective bicentric cohort study date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3991 sentences = 248 flesch = 44 summary = We aimed to describe prognostic factors for influenza-associated IA (IAA) and poor outcome and mortality in critically ill patients in Switzerland. Aspergillus is a common superinfection in critically ill influenza patients associated with poor outcome and longer duration of organ supportive therapies. Since no data on IAA was available from Switzerland, we retrospectively analysed all patients with severe influenza infection needing treatment in two large Swiss ICUs during the 2017/2018 influenza season with regard to predictors of IAA, mortality and poor outcome. In this retrospective cohort study, sixteen ICUs of tertiary hospitals in Switzerland were asked if they had observed cases of IAA and severe influenza and routinely looked for IAA based on clinical suspicion with galactomannan and fungal cultures in BAL; only two of them met the criteria (Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen and University Hospital of Geneva). IAA is a severe and relatively frequent complication affecting 11% of patients with influenza treated in two Swiss ICUs. Aspergillus represented the most frequent respiratory co-infection of influenza in this cohort. cache = ./cache/cord-025861-nsrs6dmc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-025861-nsrs6dmc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-028639-mk798t8f author = Weeden, M. title = Functional Outcomes in Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit with Traumatic Brain Injury and Exposed to Hyperoxia: A Retrospective Multicentre Cohort Study date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3733 sentences = 190 flesch = 49 summary = title: Functional Outcomes in Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit with Traumatic Brain Injury and Exposed to Hyperoxia: A Retrospective Multicentre Cohort Study Indeed, retrospective studies have raised concern about greater mortality with hyperoxia [6] [7] [8] , albeit a recent large, multicenter randomized controlled trial (ICU-ROX) demonstrated no effect of liberal oxygen exposure on ventilator-free days or mortality in a mixed intensive care unit (ICU) population [9] . In view of this knowledge gap, we designed a retrospective cohort study to explore the association between early hyperoxia (as measured by the partial arterial pressure of oxygen [P a O 2 ]) and 6, 12, and 24 months functional outcomes in ventilated TBI patients admitted to the ICU. In a large cohort study of TBI patients, managed in a comprehensive state-wide trauma system, we found no association between hyperoxia in the first 24-h of ICU admission, and adverse long-term functional outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-028639-mk798t8f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-028639-mk798t8f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-028164-yn53209z author = Abe, Toshikazu title = Epidemiology of sepsis and septic shock in intensive care units between sepsis-2 and sepsis-3 populations: sepsis prognostication in intensive care unit and emergency room (SPICE-ICU) date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3093 sentences = 187 flesch = 53 summary = Sepsis-3 was established to improve risk stratification among patients with infection based on organ failures, but it has been still controversial compared with previous definitions. RESULTS: In total, 618 patients with suspected infection were admitted to 22 ICUs during the study, of whom 530 (85.8%) met the sepsis-2 definition and 569 (92.1%) met the sepsis-3 definition. Patients with infection in ICUs were compared according to whether they met sepsis-2 or sepsis-3 definition. Characteristics and in-hospital mortality were compared according to sepsis-2 and sepsis-3 definitions in this prospective observational cohort of ICU patients. In our cohort, 96 (16%) patients had "not available" (NA) sepsis-3 baseline SOFA, which was indicated as zero according to the sepsis-3 definition, although all data of chronic organ failures were tried to obtain. A majority of the patients who were admitted to the ICU with suspected infection met sepsis-2 and sepsis-3 definitions. cache = ./cache/cord-028164-yn53209z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-028164-yn53209z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-014464-m5n250r2 author = Sole-Violan, J title = Lethal influenza virus A H1N1 infection in two relatives with autosomal dominant GATA-2 deficiency date = 2013-03-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 98961 sentences = 5553 flesch = 54 summary = Results In preliminary analysis of categorical data, a signifi cantly (Fisher exact test) greater proportion of patients with compared with without the following fi ndings did not survive; history of alcohol use (P = 0.05); the presence of lethargy (P = 0.01), confusion (P = 0.03), nausea (P = 0.04), abdominal pain (P = 0.02), or the need for vasopressors (P = 0.002), oxygen, mechanical ventilation, or steroids (all P = 0.004) at presentation; and excessive bleeding at surgery (P = 0.01). Methods To prospectively re-evaluate the normal range and to analyze the potential impact of biometric data on ICG-PDR, we measured ICG-PDR (i.v. injection of 0.25 mg/kg ICG; LiMON, Pulsion, Munich, Introduction Mixed venous oxygen saturation (SVO 2 ) represents a well-recognized parameter of oxygen delivery (DO 2 )-consumption (VO 2 ) mismatch and its use has been advocated in critically ill patients in order to guide hemodynamic resuscitation [1] and oxygen delivery optimization. cache = ./cache/cord-014464-m5n250r2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-014464-m5n250r2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006870-f5w6fw6q author = nan title = Abstracts Presented at the Neurocritical Care Society (NCS) 15th Annual Meeting date = 2017-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 122221 sentences = 6828 flesch = 47 summary = Subjective perceptions of recovery were assessed via responses to the forced-choice dichotomized question, "Do you feel that you have made a complete recovery from the arrest?"Objective outcome measures of recovery included: Repeatable Battery for Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Modified Lawton Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (L-ADL), Barthel Index (BI), Cerebral Performance Category Scale (CPC), Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D), and Post traumatic stress disorder-checklist (PTSD-C). Utilizing data from the Citicoline Brain Injury Treatment (COBRIT) trial, a prospective multicenter study, we identified 224 patients who met the inclusion criteria; 1) placement of an ICP monitoring device, 2) Glasgow coma score (GCS) less than 9, 3) EVD placement prior to arrival or within 6 hours of arrival at the study institution. The objective of this study was to examine the incidence rates of pre-specified medical and neurological ICU complications, and their impact on post-traumatic in-hospital mortality and 12month functional outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-006870-f5w6fw6q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006870-f5w6fw6q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023669-3ataw6gy author = Masur, Henry title = Critically Ill Immunosuppressed Host date = 2009-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11194 sentences = 576 flesch = 34 summary = As the population of patients with cancer, organ transplants, vasculitides, and human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV) infection has grown, intensivists are seeing more and more patients with altered immunity. For instance, if a patient presents with severe hypoxemia and diffuse pulmonary infi ltrates, a health care provider who recognizes a prior splenectomy as the major predisposition to infection would focus the diagnostic evaluation and the empiric therapy on Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus infl uenzae. Patients with HIV infection develop clinical disease as a result of three basic processes: the direct effect of HIV on specifi c organs (e.g., cardiomyopathy, enteropathy, dementia); immunologically mediated processes (e.g., glomerulonephritis, thrombocytopenia); or opportunistic infections and tumors that are enabled by HIV-induced immunosuppression. For instance, if a patient with HIV infection and a CD4+ T lymphocyte count of 700 cells/µL presents with diffuse pulmonary infi ltrates, the diagnostic evaluation and empiric antimicrobial regimen should focus on S. cache = ./cache/cord-023669-3ataw6gy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023669-3ataw6gy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029429-egoso04w author = Sinha, Vikas title = Bedside Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2080 sentences = 139 flesch = 58 summary = In the critically ill patients, it is one of the most frequently done procedure especially in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for those requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. In the critically ill patients, it is one of the most frequently done procedure especially in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for those requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. Study consists of 200 patients who underwent bedside tracheostomies in a tertiary care center from 2014 to 2017 in Medical/Surgical/Paediatric ICU's. Study consists of 200 patients who underwent bedside tracheostomies in a tertiary care center from 2014 to 2017 in Medical/Surgical/Paediatric ICU's. It is better than tracheostomy in operating room for patients who need prolonged mechanical ventilation in ICU as it eliminates the need of patient transport to OR and its associated complications and also minimizing cost. It is better than tracheostomy in operating room for patients who need prolonged mechanical ventilation in ICU as it eliminates the need of patient transport to OR and its associated complications and also minimizing cost. cache = ./cache/cord-029429-egoso04w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029429-egoso04w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034286-m1c98nv7 author = Wijdicks, Eelco F. M. title = Communicating Neurocritical Illness: The Anatomy of Misunderstanding date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3537 sentences = 244 flesch = 54 summary = One starting point for those practicing acute neurology and neurocritical care is a new mnemonic TELL ME (Time course, Essence, Laboratory, Life-sustaining interventions, Management, Expectation), which will assist physicians in standardizing their communication skills before they start a conversation or pick up a phone. These include knowing the time course (new and "out of the blue" or ongoing for some time); extracting the essentials (eliminating all irrelevancies); communicating what tests are known and pending (computerized tomography and laboratory); relaying how much critical support will be needed (secretion burden, intubation, vasopressors); knowing fully which emergency drugs have been administered (e.g., mannitol, antiepileptics, tranexamic acid), when transport is anticipated, and what can be expected in the following hours. In any case, improved provider perceptions of transfer workflow efficiency and patient safety may not be enough; communication must also include solutions for active medical problems and an outline of anticipatory guidance ("what if-what then" scenarios) in the event an acute change in clinical condition occurs. cache = ./cache/cord-034286-m1c98nv7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034286-m1c98nv7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030927-wo8r8zny author = Collins, Curtis D title = Perspectives from the frontline: A pharmacy department’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4470 sentences = 228 flesch = 36 summary = Patient monitoring, interprofessional communication, and intervention documentation by pharmacy staff was facilitated through the development of a COVID-19–specific care bundle integrated into the electronic medical record. 3, 4 Many of these treatments also come with the potential for significant toxicity and a need for close monitoring, which requires the NOTE PHARMACY DEPARTMENT'S RESPONSE TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC leadership of the pharmacist as a key part of the multidisciplinary team. The primary objectives of this analysis are to describe strategies used to standardize pharmacy processes to optimize the management of patients with COVID-19 and to quantify the volume and scope of pharmacist interventions during the peak of our pandemic response. • Results of a retrospective descriptive analysis show the quantity and scope of interventions clinical pharmacists are making in the care of patients with COVID-19. The study quantified the volume and scope of interventions by clinical pharmacists in the care of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at our institution. cache = ./cache/cord-030927-wo8r8zny.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030927-wo8r8zny.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031327-uhrkb1p6 author = Koeze, Jacqueline title = Bundled care in acute kidney injury in critically ill patients, a before-after educational intervention study date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3568 sentences = 201 flesch = 54 summary = The educational STK bundle consisted of optimizing the fluid balance (based on urine output, serum lactate levels and/or central venous oxygen saturation), discontinuation of diuretics, maintaining a mean arterial pressure of at least 65 mmHg with the potential use of vasopressors and critical evaluation of the indication and dose of nephrotoxic drugs. Serious adverse events defined as ICU mortality, the need for RRT and/or the progression of AKI was observed in 451 patients (33%) in the STK group compared to 375 patients (29%) in the usual care group (RR 1.16, 95% confidence interval CI 1.03-1.3, p < 0.001) ( Table 3) . This study showed that implementation of an educational 'Save the Kidney bundle care in critically ill patients aiming at a reduction of AKI had no beneficial effect on patient outcome when evaluated by a composite of ICU mortality, the need for RRT and AKI progression. cache = ./cache/cord-031327-uhrkb1p6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031327-uhrkb1p6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033291-190taco9 author = Aboelnile, Diaaeldin Badr Metwally Kotb title = Prediction of fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients in surgical intensive care unit by pleth variability index and inferior vena cava diameter date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4213 sentences = 196 flesch = 43 summary = This study is aiming to compare the effectiveness and reliability of the pleth variability index (PVI) and IVC distensibility index (dIVC) as predictors of fluid responsiveness by simultaneous recordings in all sedated mechanically ventilated patients in the surgical intensive care unit (ICU). Based on this idea, dynamic measurements such as pulse pressure variation (PPV) and stroke volume variation (SVV) were used to predict fluid responsiveness in a more accurate way, especially in sedated mechanically ventilated patients, but due to being invasive and affected by multiple clinical factors (Marik & Lemson, 2014) , non-invasive bedside and continuous techniques became more popular (Haas et al., 2012) . The results of our study showed that assessment of PVI and dIVC non-invasively were good predictors for fluid management and responsiveness prediction using PLR technique in the surgical ICU mechanically ventilated patients. Value of variation index of inferior vena cava diameter in predicting fluid responsiveness in patients with circulatory shock receiving mechanical ventilation: a systematic review and meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-033291-190taco9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033291-190taco9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-027811-vk3qnumx author = Freedberg, Daniel E. title = Impact of Fiber-Based Enteral Nutrition on the Gut Microbiome of ICU Patients Receiving Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics: A Randomized Pilot Trial date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3836 sentences = 201 flesch = 50 summary = title: Impact of Fiber-Based Enteral Nutrition on the Gut Microbiome of ICU Patients Receiving Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics: A Randomized Pilot Trial CONCLUSIONS: Enteral fiber was associated with nonsignificant trends toward increased relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid–producing bacteria and increased short-chain fatty acid levels among ICU patients receiving broad-spectrum IV antibiotics. This pilot study was designed to test the hypothesis that fiber-based enteral nutrition increases the levels of SCFA-producing bacteria and SCFA levels in ICU patients receiving broad-spectrum IV antibiotics, with a goal of generating effect size estimates that could be used as the basis for future studies involving fiber. A study testing 7 days of 7 g/d inulin versus maltodextrin supplementation in 22 ICU adults initiating enteral nutrition found no difference in fecal abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii or Bifidobacteria, or in fecal SCFA levels (24) . cache = ./cache/cord-027811-vk3qnumx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-027811-vk3qnumx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035315-j5mknuv5 author = Rahim, Fawad title = Mortality of Patients With Severe COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Study From a Major COVID-19 Receiving Hospital date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2710 sentences = 160 flesch = 57 summary = title: Mortality of Patients With Severe COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Study From a Major COVID-19 Receiving Hospital Objective To determine the mortality of patients with severe COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) in relation to age, gender, co-morbidities, ventilatory status, and length of stay (LOS). Methods This was a cross-sectional study based on data retrieved for 204 patients admitted to the ICU of Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan, from April to August 2020. The data in terms of mortality, ventilatory support, comorbid conditions, and length of hospital stay is conflicting because different authors have reported the outcomes of a fraction of admitted patients and at variable durations since admission [7] [8] . Study variables were age, gender, comorbidities, ventilatory status, length of stay (LOS), and outcomes in terms of survival and death. cache = ./cache/cord-035315-j5mknuv5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035315-j5mknuv5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029770-72ncfyc5 author = Farasat, Sadaf title = Sleep and Delirium in Older Adults date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5900 sentences = 295 flesch = 31 summary = PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Poor sleep and delirium are common in older patients but recognition and management are challenging, particularly in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. In the hospital setting, poor sleep and delirium are associated with adverse outcomes; non-pharmacological interventions are recommended, but tend to be resource intensive and hindered by a lack of reliable sleep measurement tools. Over the past two decades, delirium, in particular in older adults (≥ 65 years old) hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs), has gained substantial attention as a common and major health problem. For example, poor hospital sleep quality is believed to hinder participation in self-care and rehabilitation activities during post-illness recovery [58] , increasing older adults' risk of falls, functional impairment, institutionalization, and early death. Data are also mixed regarding specific nonpharmacologic sleep promoting interventions in non-ICU hospitalized patients, as noted in a recent systematic review of 13 studies. cache = ./cache/cord-029770-72ncfyc5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029770-72ncfyc5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035216-gdhz7mr4 author = Li, Xiaoran title = Deep learning prediction of likelihood of ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19 patients using clinical variables date = 2020-11-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3780 sentences = 220 flesch = 48 summary = title: Deep learning prediction of likelihood of ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19 patients using clinical variables BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop a deep-learning model and a risk-score system using clinical variables to predict intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. A deep neural network model and a risk-score system were constructed to predict ICU admission and in-hospital mortality. The performance of the DNN model yielded an AUC = 0.780 (95% CI [0.760-0.785]), sensitivity = 0.760, specificity = 0.709 and F1 score = 0.551 in predicting ICU admission for the testing set (Table 2) . Although these variables have been previously associated with COVID-19 infection, most previous studies did not rank these clinical variables, or develop predictive models or risk scores to predict ICU admission or mortality. We implemented a deep-learning algorithm and a risk score model to predict the likelihood of ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-035216-gdhz7mr4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035216-gdhz7mr4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032335-6c9gt7t9 author = Segrelles-Calvo, Gonzalo title = Therapeutic limitation in elderly patients: Reflections regarding COVID19() date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1309 sentences = 65 flesch = 52 summary = In a recent editorial, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, the authors address the problem of having to choose between 2 or more patients for the assignment of resources, such as ICU admission. This real situation that arose during the Covid-19 pandemic underlines the need to develop fair resource allocation procedures that include all the stakeholders involved in patient care, and the patient and family themselves, in order to develop prioritization criteria for decisionmaking in times of adversity, without transferring this burden to a single healthcare professional in a specific situation. Among the many changes that will emerge after the Covid-19 pandemic, we believe that one of the most relevant will surely be the expansion of RICUs and the leadership of respiratory medicine in decision-making on borderline patients, such as the elderly, unifying selection criteria, clarifying the concept of frailty, and integrating its use into our clinical practice. cache = ./cache/cord-032335-6c9gt7t9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032335-6c9gt7t9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-201783-66fmse66 author = Maslov, Sergei title = Window of Opportunity for Mitigation to Prevent Overflow of ICU capacity in Chicago by COVID-19 date = 2020-03-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2422 sentences = 125 flesch = 56 summary = We estimate the growth in demand for ICU beds in Chicago during the emerging COVID-19 epidemic, using state-of-the-art computer simulations calibrated for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We estimate the growth in demand for ICU beds in Chicago during the emerging COVID-19 epidemic, using state-of-the-art computer simulations calibrated for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Our conclusion is that, being fully cognizant of the societal trade-offs, there is a rapidly closing window of opportunity to avert a worst-case scenario in Chicago, but only with strong mitigation/lockdown implemented in the next week at the latest. Our conclusion is that, being fully cognizant of the societal trade-offs, there is a rapidly closing window of opportunity to avert a worst-case scenario in Chicago, but only with strong mitigation/lockdown implemented in the next week at the latest. The just-in-time mitigation scenario predicts that at the peak of the epidemic, the demand for ICU beds does not exceed the number of available beds, and is significantly below the city's total ICU capacity. cache = ./cache/cord-201783-66fmse66.txt txt = ./txt/cord-201783-66fmse66.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029537-hzy13fuw author = Soltani, Farhad title = The effect of melatonin on reduction in the need for sedative agents and duration of mechanical ventilation in traumatic intracranial hemorrhage patients: a randomized controlled trial date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2999 sentences = 172 flesch = 49 summary = title: The effect of melatonin on reduction in the need for sedative agents and duration of mechanical ventilation in traumatic intracranial hemorrhage patients: a randomized controlled trial PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the effect of exogenous melatonin on the number of sedative drugs and the duration of mechanical ventilation in traumatic intracranial hemorrhage patients in ICU. CONCLUSION: This study presented that morphine consumption and mechanical ventilation time were significantly lower in the melatonin group than in the control. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of exogenous melatonin on the reduction in the need for sedative agents and the duration of mechanical ventilation in TICH patients in ICU. This study was a double-blind randomized controlled trial that was considered to evaluate the effect of melatonin on the need for sedative agents and duration of mechanical ventilation after TICH. cache = ./cache/cord-029537-hzy13fuw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029537-hzy13fuw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031710-1xl2isee author = Andrei, Stefan title = Successful treatment of pulmonary haemorrhage and acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by fulminant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia respiratory infection in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia – case report date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2582 sentences = 137 flesch = 40 summary = title: Successful treatment of pulmonary haemorrhage and acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by fulminant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia respiratory infection in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia – case report CASE PRESENTATION: We present the rare case of successful outcome in a 61-year-old female who developed alveolar haemorrhage and acute respiratory distress syndrome 8 days after a chemotherapy session for her acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, in the context of secondary bone marrow aplasia. We report the case of successfully treated severe Stenotrophomonas maltophilia respiratory infection complicated with pulmonary haemorrhage in a chemotherapyinduced pancytopenia patient diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pulmonary haemorrhage and ARDS caused by a fulminant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia respiratory infection in Eastern Europe, and it seems to be a rare case of positive outcome in a patient with haematological malignancy. cache = ./cache/cord-031710-1xl2isee.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031710-1xl2isee.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031143-a1qyadm6 author = Pinto Neto, Osmar title = Compartmentalized mathematical model to predict future number of active cases and deaths of COVID-19 date = 2020-08-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5288 sentences = 245 flesch = 53 summary = RESULTS: The main results were: (a) Our model was able to accurately fit the either deaths or active cases data of all tested countries using optimized coefficient values in agreement with recent reports; (b) when trying to fit both sets of data at the same time, fit was good for most countries, but not all. The red circles (deaths) and blue circles (active cases) indicate real data up to June 18 Table 3 Inverse of the model optimized coefficients of γ, δ, ζ, and ε representing latent, infectious, hospitalization, and critical cases mean duration in days, as well as the model estimated basic reproductive number (R 0 ) and the death rate (DR) for June 18, 2020, for Germany, Brazil, Spain, Italy, South Korea, Portugal, Switzerland, Thailand, and USA, respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-031143-a1qyadm6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031143-a1qyadm6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034185-e0am7pa6 author = Piccioni, Federico title = Recommendations from the Italian intersociety consensus on Perioperative Anesthesa Care in Thoracic surgery (PACTS) part 2: intraoperative and postoperative care date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 18220 sentences = 941 flesch = 37 summary = We do not recommend the routine use of either continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or non invasive ventilation (NIV) to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications, prolonged length of stay, and mortality (both in ICU and in hospital) in patients undergoing major thoracic surgery. Level of evidence: Fair Strength of recommendation: C A meta-analysis of 45 studies including almost 5800 patients showed that a single perioperative dose of intravenous dexamethasone resulted in significant reductions in pain scores and opioid use, and was associated with shorter stays in the post-anesthesia recovery room, compared with placebo or antiemetic treatment (Waldron et al. Level of evidence: Fair Strength of recommendation: A Multiple clinical trials have shown that, in patients undergoing open thoracotomy or other major surgical procedures, thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) is superior to intravenous opioid administration in terms of postoperative pain relief, length of hospital stay, and incidence of postoperative complications (Hazelrigg et al. cache = ./cache/cord-034185-e0am7pa6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034185-e0am7pa6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-103686-er8llst4 author = Carboni Bisso, I. title = Influenza season 2019: analysis of 143 hospitalized cases date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2426 sentences = 164 flesch = 50 summary = Among the patients hospitalized due to influenza severe respiratory infection, it has been estimated that 29 to 6% require admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). In Argentina, there is a significant absence of data regarding influenza severe respiratory disease and, therefore, a lack of knowledge about the impact of this disease at health institutions, hospital mortality, and the profile of patients requiring ICU. Thus, the objective of this work is to describe the history of comorbidities as well as the clinical, laboratory and imaging findings of patients who required hospitalization in a general ward or ICU during 2019 in a high-complexity care hospital from Buenos Aires, capital of Argentina. In this cohort study, we reported the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with clinical outcomes in patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza who required hospitalization during 2019. cache = ./cache/cord-103686-er8llst4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-103686-er8llst4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-140624-lphr5prl author = Grundel, Sara title = How much testing and social distancing is required to control COVID-19? Some insight based on an age-differentiated compartmental model date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8721 sentences = 532 flesch = 60 summary = To this end, we develop a compartmental model that accounts for key aspects of the disease: 1) incubation time, 2) age-dependent symptom severity, and 3) testing and hospitalization delays; the model's parameters are chosen based on medical evidence, and, for concreteness, adapted to the German situation. Then, optimal mass-testing and age-dependent social-distancing policies are determined by solving optimal control problems both in open loop and within a model predictive control framework. We address the above questions by proposing a novel compartmental model and using optimal control as well as MPC to compute open and closed-loop social distancing and testing strategies. The model contains three age groups, and it accounts for several of the key challenging characteristics of COVID-19, i.e. 1) the incubation time, 2) different levels of symptom severity depending on age, 3) delay of testing results (and the following self-isolation), and 4) delay of hospitalization. cache = ./cache/cord-140624-lphr5prl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-140624-lphr5prl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252737-sbalcd8v author = Ma, Xiya title = Critical care capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic: Global availability of intensive care beds date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 698 sentences = 50 flesch = 56 summary = title: Critical care capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic: Global availability of intensive care beds As the COVID-19 pandemic grows, the need for rapid, innovative, and cost-effective emergency response mechanisms and the presence of gaps in critical care capacity become glaringly obvious in most countries and territories worldwide. 1 Furthermore, low-and middleincome countries (LMICs) are at-risk for an inability to manage an anticipated surge of critically ill COVID-19 patients, with current estimates suggesting the availability of 0.1 to 2.5 ICU beds per 100,000 population. Globally, at least 96 countries and J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof territories had a density of less than 5.0 ICU beds per 100,000 population. Whilst the critical care capacity in LMICs was insufficient prior to the pandemic, deficiencies grow to include highly-resourced health systems around the world. A Framework for Rationing Ventilators and Critical Care Beds During the COVID-19 Pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-252737-sbalcd8v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252737-sbalcd8v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029516-tj93wo1s author = Chelly, Jonathan title = Automated vs. conventional ventilation in the ICU: a randomized controlled crossover trial comparing blood oxygen saturation during daily nursing procedures (I-NURSING) date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4410 sentences = 219 flesch = 48 summary = METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled crossover trial was carried out in a French intensive care unit to compare blood oxygen pulse saturation (SpO(2)) during DNPs performed on patients mechanically ventilated in automated and conventional ventilation modes (AV and CV, respectively). In a prospective study on 16 ICU patients undergoing MV, 668 nursing procedures were observed and blood oxygen desaturation ≤ 90% was the most frequent adverse event described, representing 29% of the overall major physiological changes reported by the authors [10] . Our study suggests AV may have a protective effect when compared to CV in terms of SpO 2 values and the incidence and severity of blood oxygen desaturation during DNPs. A prospective randomized controlled study of 60 post-cardiac surgery patients showed that in comparison to CV, INTELLiVENT-ASV® significantly reduces MV duration before inclusion-days 4 ± 4 (4-5) cache = ./cache/cord-029516-tj93wo1s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029516-tj93wo1s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-234254-svjajpp4 author = Kohler, J. title = Robust and optimal predictive control of the COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13160 sentences = 657 flesch = 58 summary = Our theoretical findings support various recent studies by showing that 1) adaptive feedback strategies are required to reliably contain the COVID-19 outbreak, 2) well-designed policies can significantly reduce the number of fatalities compared to simpler ones while keeping the amount of social distancing measures on the same level, and 3) imposing stronger social distancing measures early on is more effective and cheaper in the long run than opening up too soon and restoring stricter measures at a later time. Another example for an open-loop optimal policy applied to the COVID-19 pandemic is presented in [14] where the authors consider optimal control of the German outbreak using a slightly simpler model as the one chosen in the present paper (without distinguishing between detected and undetected individuals), which also includes an increased mortality rate if the ICU capacity is exceeded. cache = ./cache/cord-234254-svjajpp4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-234254-svjajpp4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254990-nrzwn6oz author = Mayer, Kirby P. title = Recovery from COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: the potential role of an intensive care unit recovery clinic: a case report date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3117 sentences = 169 flesch = 49 summary = The purpose of this case report is to highlight the potential role of intensive care unit recovery or follow-up clinics for patients surviving acute hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019. CASE PRESENTATION: Our patient was a 27-year-old Caucasian woman with a past medical history of asthma transferred from a community hospital to our medical intensive care unit for acute hypoxic respiratory failure due to bilateral pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation (ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fraction of inspired oxygen, 180). CONCLUSION: We present this case report to suggest that patients surviving coronavirus disease 2019 with subsequent development of acute respiratory distress syndrome will require more intense intensive care unit recovery follow-up. The patient's family reported no travel history or exposure risk, but, given the Fig. 1 Chest radiograph obtained on day 1 of admission to intensive care unit revealed bibasilar airspace disease patient's clinical symptoms, a test for COVID-19 was performed. cache = ./cache/cord-254990-nrzwn6oz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254990-nrzwn6oz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-251977-rgae9jy9 author = Terrasi, Benjamin title = French ICUs fight back: an example of regional ICU organisation to tackle the SARS Cov-2 outbreak date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1044 sentences = 70 flesch = 64 summary = To tackle this surge, an organisation was set in order to coordinate and facilitate the admission of critically ill Covid-19 infected patients, and to avoid or at least delay the overrun of ICU capacities in the region. To tackle the outbreak, the number of ICU beds doubled in less than 2 weeks in these public and private hospitals. This on-call intensivist dispatcher answers to phone calls, gives advices for patient management and finds an available ICU bed if required. Hence, the on-call regional intensivist dispatcher can access in real time to a synthesis of beds availability (Fig.1 ) using a web browser or a smart phone. Hence, the on-call regional intensivist dispatcher was immediately able to find an available ICU bed for every patient in the region. The cardiac thoracic and respiratory ICU of Amiens University hospital, a 30-bed facility, is the only ICU in Picardy with the ability to initiate ECMO therapy. cache = ./cache/cord-251977-rgae9jy9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-251977-rgae9jy9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-124012-5zxkd2jy author = Schwab, Patrick title = predCOVID-19: A Systematic Study of Clinical Predictive Models for Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-05-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5098 sentences = 247 flesch = 38 summary = Here, we study clinical predictive models that estimate, using machine learning and based on routinely collected clinical data, which patients are likely to receive a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, require hospitalisation or intensive care. In addition, [48] performed a cohort study for clinical and laboratory predictors of COVID-19 related inhospital mortality that identified baseline neutrophil count, age Fig. 2 : The presented multistage machine-learning pipeline consists of preprocessing (light purple) the input data x, developing multiple candidate models using the given dataset (orange), selecting the best candidate model for evaluation (blue), and evaluating the selected best model's outputsŷ. Owing to the recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2, there currently exists, to the best of our knowledge, no prior systematic study on clinical predictive models that predict likelihood of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, hospital and intensive care unit admission from clinical, demographic and blood analysis data that accounts for the missingness that is characteristic for the clinical setting. cache = ./cache/cord-124012-5zxkd2jy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-124012-5zxkd2jy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252286-377y9aqx author = Gauss, Tobias title = Preliminary pragmatic lessons from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic from France date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2161 sentences = 132 flesch = 43 summary = Abstract The first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic required an unprecedented and historic increase in critical care capacity on a global scale in France. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic requires an unprecedented and historic increase in critical care capacity on a global scale. The ongoing fight against the pandemic and potential resurgence of the virus made it compelling for the authors to share specific concepts for the management of critical care surge capacity. One particularity of any exceptional situation (mass casualty, pandemic, etc.) is the activation of a structured crisis mode during which authority lies within the crisis committee, relying on a chain of command and clearly defined principles of control. ICU/HDU capacities management required conscious effort to preserve protected space for non-SARS-CoV-2 critical care and respond to the evolving situation. Training was essential to prepare healthcare professionals in the first days of the pandemic for PPE use, airway management, cleaning, cardiac arrest, etc. cache = ./cache/cord-252286-377y9aqx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252286-377y9aqx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-221717-h1h2vd3r author = Scabini, Leonardo F. S. title = Social Interaction Layers in Complex Networks for the Dynamical Epidemic Modeling of COVID-19 in Brazil date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8576 sentences = 410 flesch = 55 summary = Therefore this study presents a new approach to model the COVID-19 epidemic using a multi-layer complex network, where nodes represent people, edges are social contacts, and layers represent different social activities. The SIR model on networks works as follows: each node represents a person and, the elements are connected according to some criteria and the epidemic propagation happens through an agent-based approach. At the end of the evolution of a SIR model applied to a network, the number of nodes in each SIR category (susceptible, infected and recovered) can be calculated for each unit of time evaluated and then compare these data with real information, for example, the hospital capabilities of the health system. Unlike the traditional SIR model, which consists of a single β term to describe the probability of infection, here we propose a dynamic strategy to better represent the real world and the new COVID-19 disease. cache = ./cache/cord-221717-h1h2vd3r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-221717-h1h2vd3r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034578-i9rdubix author = Vaschetto, Rosanna title = Outcomes of COVID-19 patients treated with continuous positive airway pressure outside ICU date = 2020-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3678 sentences = 206 flesch = 46 summary = AIM: We aim at characterising a large population of Coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) patients with moderate-to-severe hypoxemic acute respiratory failure (ARF) receiving CPAP outside intensive care unit (ICU), and ascertaining whether the duration of CPAP application increased the risk of mortality for patients requiring intubation. We designed this retrospective multicentre study to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 treated with CPAP outside ICU, to assess 60-day in-hospital mortality, and hospital length of stay (LOS), and to ascertain whether the duration CPAP application prior to CPAP failure affects outcome in patients requiring endotracheal intubation. This multicentre retrospective observational study on 537 patients hypoxemic ARF secondary to laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection, shows that CPAP applied to different therapeutic goals i.e., candidate to intubation in the case of CPAP failure and do-not-intubate in which CPAP is considered the ceiling of treatment, is feasible outside ICU. cache = ./cache/cord-034578-i9rdubix.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034578-i9rdubix.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-048343-nzk8m912 author = Milbrandt, Eric B title = Bench-to-bedside review: Critical illness-associated cognitive dysfunction – mechanisms, markers, and emerging therapeutics date = 2006-11-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5789 sentences = 283 flesch = 33 summary = A large number of pathophysiologic mechanisms are thought to underlie critical illness-associated cognitive dysfunction, including neuro-transmitter abnormalities and occult diffuse brain injury. Markers that could be used to evaluate the influence of specific mechanisms in individual patients include serum anticholinergic activity, certain brain proteins, and tissue sodium concentration determination via high-resolution three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. Many of the data supporting occult diffuse brain injury as a cause of critical illness-associated CD come from studies of sepsis and septic encephalopathy, a form of delirium. Lending support to the hypothesis that acute inflammation leads to brain injury and subsequent development of delirium, a recent study found that delirium in postoperative hipfractured patients was significantly associated with serum levels of C-reactive protein, an acute-phase protein that is a marker of acute inflammation [55] . Elevated serum S-100β levels were recently demonstrated in critically ill patients with respiratory failure [69] and in porcine models of endotoxic shock [70] and acute lung injury [71] . cache = ./cache/cord-048343-nzk8m912.txt txt = ./txt/cord-048343-nzk8m912.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-133273-kvyzuayp author = Christ, Andreas title = Artificial Intelligence: Research Impact on Key Industries; the Upper-Rhine Artificial Intelligence Symposium (UR-AI 2020) date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 42472 sentences = 2376 flesch = 55 summary = During the literature review it was evident the presence of few works dedicated to evaluating comprehensively the complete cycle of biofeedback, which comprises using the wearable devices, applying Machine Learning patterns detection algorithms, generate the psychologic intervention, besides monitoring its effects and recording the history of events [9, 3] . This solution is being proposed by several literature study about stress patterns and physiological aspects but with few results, for this reason, our project will address topics like experimental study protocol on signals acquisition from patients/participants with wearables to data acquisition and processing, in sequence will be applied machine learning modeling and prediction on biosignal data regarding stress (Fig. 1) . We will present first results of the project concerning a new process model for cooperating data scientists and quality engineers, a product testing model as knowledge base for machine learning computing and visual support of quality engineers in order to explain prediction results. cache = ./cache/cord-133273-kvyzuayp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-133273-kvyzuayp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256533-slbfft33 author = Gomez Rial, J. title = Increased serum levels of sCD14 and sCD163 indicate a preponderant role for monocytes in COVID-19 immunopathology date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2854 sentences = 187 flesch = 43 summary = Fifty-nine SARS-Cov-2 positive hospitalized patients, classified according to ICU or non-ICU admission requirement, were prospectively recruited and analyzed by ELISA for levels of sCD14 and sCD163, along with other laboratory parameters, and compared to a healthy control group. Fifty-nine SARS-Cov-2 positive hospitalized patients, classified according to ICU or non-ICU admission requirement, were prospectively recruited and analyzed by ELISA for levels of sCD14 and sCD163, along with other laboratory parameters, and compared to a healthy control group. Emerging evidence from SARS-Cov-2 infected patients suggests a key role for monocyte-macrophage in the immunopathology of COVID-19 infection, with a predominant monocyte-derived macrophage infiltration observed in severely damaged lungs [1] , and morphological and inflammation-related changes in peripheral blood monocytes that correlate with the patients' outcome [2] An overexuberant inflammatory immune response with production of a cytokine storm and T-cell immunosuppression are the main hallmarks of severity in these patients [3] . cache = ./cache/cord-256533-slbfft33.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256533-slbfft33.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253049-vm46wq1m author = Rößler, Steve title = Influenza-associated in-hospital mortality during the 2017/2018 influenza season: a retrospective multicentre cohort study in central Germany date = 2020-09-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1935 sentences = 107 flesch = 49 summary = title: Influenza-associated in-hospital mortality during the 2017/2018 influenza season: a retrospective multicentre cohort study in central Germany The aim of this retrospective cohort study at eight hospitals in Germany was to specify influenza-associated in-hospital mortality during the 2017/2018 flu season, which was the strongest in Germany in the past 30 years. For example, according to the Robert Koch Institute (RKI), an estimated 25,100 people in Germany died due to influenza during the 2017/2018 flu season, but only 1674 influenza-associated deaths were officially reported [3] . Applying our observed in-hospital mortality of 6.7% to the 60,000 hospitalized patients with a laboratoryconfirmed influenza infection reported to the RKI would correspond to approximately 4000 deceased hospitalized patients during the 2017/2018 flu season in Germany. This proportion was lower than that in our study, in which influenza infection was considered to be the immediate cause of death in 82.8% of the deceased patients. Intrahospital mortality of influenza patients during the 2017-2018 influenza season: report from a tertiary care hospital in Austria cache = ./cache/cord-253049-vm46wq1m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253049-vm46wq1m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254818-dzsyuwpy author = Bangash, Mansoor N title = COVID-19 recovery: potential treatments for post-intensive care syndrome date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1406 sentences = 66 flesch = 31 summary = In the MANAGE trial, 8 a population having non-cardiac surgery, which overlaps COVID-19 recovery: potential treatments for post-intensive care syndrome and shares similarities with the PICS population through the presence of non-ischaemic myocardial injuries, was found to have reduced cardiovascular morbidity at follow-up when treated with the antithrombotic dabigatran; further trials of dabigatran in patients with PICS are warranted. We suggest that the research pathway for such trials should be based on prognostic enrichment through clinical and cardiovascular or immune biomarker profiles, and initially use established drugs that modify cardiometabolic risk in ICU survivors who might not have traditionally recognised cardiovascular risk factors, through randomised controlled trials led by intensive care specialists. Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) often occurs after prolonged critical illnesses, such as COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome, and involves persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism. cache = ./cache/cord-254818-dzsyuwpy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254818-dzsyuwpy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255827-xz87wg74 author = Sills, Marion R. title = Inpatient Capacity at Children’s Hospitals during Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Outbreak, United States date = 2011-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3663 sentences = 183 flesch = 48 summary = Assessing use of capacity in the context of a lowvirulence infl uenza pandemic can provide insight into how a more virulent virus might directly affect children's hospitals and indirectly affect all health care systems throughout their catchment areas. The objectives of this study were to 1) compare occupancy at US tertiary care children's hospitals during the pandemic period with occupancy during the 2008-09 seasonal infl uenza outbreak, 2) measure how close each hospital came to exhausting capacity for inpatient beds, and 3) measure the effect on capacity if pandemic (H1N1) 2009 during fall 2009 had been more severe. To measure the effect on capacity of a more severe outbreak of pandemic (H1N1) 2009, we calculated the number of ED IRI visits and the ED-to-inpatient admission rate for ED IRI visits for the 26 PHIS hospitals for which ED data were available. cache = ./cache/cord-255827-xz87wg74.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255827-xz87wg74.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256424-t3dtabi4 author = Bousbia, Sabri title = Repertoire of Intensive Care Unit Pneumonia Microbiota date = 2012-02-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5641 sentences = 294 flesch = 39 summary = Recently, the bacterial microbiota of patients with cystic fibrosis and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) were studied using 16S rDNA gene amplification followed by clone libraries sequencing [9] [10] [11] . Bacterial microbiota as evaluated by 16S rDNA Molecular assays were positive for at least one bacterium for 129 out of 185 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from patients with pneumonia as well as from 13 out of 25 from control individuals (p = 0.07). Fungal microbiota obtained from patients showed the presence of 22 different species belonging to 2 phyla (8 orders, 11 families and 12 genera) among which 6 phylotypes had not been previously identified in BAL fluids from pneumonia. Indeed, our study reveals that some pathogens that till now had been considered typical for ICU pneumonia, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus species, or viruses, such CMV and HSV, can be detected as commonly in controls as in patients (Fig. S1 and S2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-256424-t3dtabi4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256424-t3dtabi4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258582-ksfs27kv author = Nadeem, Ashraf title = ICU outcomes of COVID-19 critically ill patients: an international comparative study date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1169 sentences = 76 flesch = 67 summary = Mechanical ventilation (MV) rate in our patients was the same as in Seattle and Atlanta reports (75% and 76%, respectively), but higher than in the Wuhan series (42%), and lower than in Lombardy and Vitoria series (89% and 94%, respectively) ( Table 1) . The mortality rate in Wuhan and Seattle were much higher (61% and 50%, respectively) compared with the other reported ICU cohorts ranging from 26% to 33% (Table 1 and Figure 1 ). The mortality rate among mechanically ventilated patients was much higher in the Wuhan study (81%) than in the other case series (34% to 36%) ( Table 1) . The younger age, lower SOFA score, and a higher rate of prone position might explain the mortality difference between our and the reported studies (Table 1) Our data, along with the recent findings, suggest that the mortality rate in ICU COVID-19 patients are comparable and might be lower than those observed with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by other viral infections [6] . cache = ./cache/cord-258582-ksfs27kv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258582-ksfs27kv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023592-w96h4rir author = nan title = Abstracts cont. date = 2015-12-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 67857 sentences = 4136 flesch = 52 summary = Conclusions: Although the risk of developing more serious gastric lesions increased as the number of virulence factor genes are accumulated in a given Hp strain, we did not find any significant differences or relationship in the cagA, vacA or babA2 status between the Hp isolates from patients with gastritis or peptic ulcer in this study. pneumophila at the serogroup level, it was used in two different outbreaks to demonstrate rapidly the identity of the sequences between strains responsible for severe human infection and those isolated in the hot water reservoir, suggesting a common origin. To determine the antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella and Shigella strains isolated from stool specimens during a 2-year period, from patients admitted to our clinics with a diagnosis of diarrhoea. In our study the susceptibility of 65 bacterial strains isolated in hospital environment (colonising or infecting patients or carried by German cockroaches) to antibiotics and chemical disinfectants was determined. cache = ./cache/cord-023592-w96h4rir.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023592-w96h4rir.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258027-f3rr5el1 author = Østby, Anne‐Cathrine title = Respiratory virology and microbiology in intensive care units: a prospective cohort study date = 2013-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5259 sentences = 268 flesch = 38 summary = Our aim was to determine the frequency of 12 common respiratory viruses in patients admitted to intensive care units with respiratory symptoms, evaluate the clinical characteristics and to compare the results to routine microbiological diagnostics. The information included the following: age, gender, underlying comorbidity, use of immunosuppressant drugs, respiratory symptoms, diagnoses on admission, diagnoses on discharge, length of hospital stay, ICU stay and intubation, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II)scores, administration of antibiotics, non-invasive ventilation, chest x-ray, laboratory analyses and results of the physical examination, which included temperature, saturation, stethoscopic findings and clinical signs of respiratory infection or distress. Viruses -Of the 122 patients included in the study group, 19 (16%) were positive for a virus, of which the most frequently detected were influenza A (n = 9) and RSV (n = 3, Fig. 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-258027-f3rr5el1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258027-f3rr5el1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254688-1poiheen author = De Brouwer, E. title = Can herd immunity be achieved without breaking ICUs? date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2574 sentences = 130 flesch = 59 summary = A key aspect of the current COVID-19 pandemic has been the rapid overload of Intensive Care Units (ICUs) in countries and regions where the epidemic was not quickly controlled [1, 2] because many patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and need respiratory support [1] . Assuming R 0 between 2 and 3, a COVID ICU capacity between 15 and 30 beds per 100,000 inhabitants (or between 49,000 and 98,000 beds), an average ICU stay duration between 10 and 15 days, and a percentage of ICU admission following SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population between 0.7% and 1.5%, we obtain a time to herd immunity ranging between 5 and 18 months. By contrast, taking the case of the United Kingdom with a baseline capacity of 6.6 beds per 100,000 inhabitants, assuming a long-term COVID ICU bed capacity between 5 and 10 beds per 100,000 inhabitants, and keeping all the other parameters the same as for the US scenarios, the range for the time to immunity would be between 16 and 55 months. cache = ./cache/cord-254688-1poiheen.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254688-1poiheen.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255435-mr239gai author = Sher, Yelizaveta title = A CASE REPORT OF COVID-19 ASSOCIATED HYPERACTIVE ICU DELIRIUM WITH PROPOSED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND TREATMENT date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3528 sentences = 182 flesch = 35 summary = Delirium, which is highly prevalent in general intensive care unit (ICU) populations, is expected to be frequent and prominent in COVID-19 patients hospitalized with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in ICU. Delirium, which is highly prevalent in general intensive care unit (ICU) populations, is expected to be frequent and prominent in COVID-19 patients hospitalized with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in ICU. In addition to case presentation, we discuss a proposed delirium pathophysiology in COVID-19 associated delirium and a systematized approach to evaluation and management of such patients. Intravenous valproic acid (VPA; titrated to 1250 mg per day) was also started for management of agitation and symptoms of hyperactive delirium and to facilitate tapering of multiple other sedative deliriogenic medications. At our center, the following medications have been used in management of agitation in patients with COVID-19 ICU-associated hyperactive delirium, including the described patient, with following considerations. cache = ./cache/cord-255435-mr239gai.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255435-mr239gai.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255256-8uckmya4 author = nan title = Akzeptierte Abstracts für die COVID-19-bedingt abgesagte DGIIN/ÖGIAIN-Jahrestagung 2020 date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3525 sentences = 245 flesch = 54 summary = High to low bicarbonate replacement fluid switch in alkalotic patients during continuous venovenous hemofiltration with regional citrate anticoagulation-a retrospective single centre analysis Goal of the study: The aim of our study was to compare the replacement fluids (RF) Phoxilium (30 mmol/ l HCO3-) and Biphozyl (22 mmol/ l HCO3-) during continuous renal replacement therapy (CVVH) with regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) in alkalotic critically ill patients. Gender differences in acid-base metabolism during continuous venovenous hemofiltration with regional citrate anticoagulation Goal of the study: The aim of our study was to compare the replacement fluids (RF) Phoxilium (30 mmol/ l HCO3-) and Biphozyl (22 mmol/ l HCO3-) during continuous renal replacement therapy (CVVH) with regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) in alkalotic critically ill women and men. cache = ./cache/cord-255256-8uckmya4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255256-8uckmya4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257325-pvf0uon3 author = Zeitoun, Jean-David title = Impact of Local Care Environment and Social Characteristics on Aggregated Hospital-Fatality Rate from COVID-19 in France: Nationwide Observational Study date = 2020-10-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2371 sentences = 127 flesch = 53 summary = Objectives We aimed to investigate possible differences in aggregated hospital-fatality rate from COVID-19 in France at the early phase of the outbreak, and to determine whether factors related to population or healthcare supply before the pandemic could be associated with outcome differences. After multivariable analysis, four factors were independently associated with a significantly higher aggregated hospital-fatality rate: a higher ICU capacity at baseline (estimate=1.47; p=0.00791), a lower density of general practitioners (estimate=0.95; p=0.0205), a higher fraction of activity from the for-profit private sector (estimate=0.99; p<0.001), and the ratio of people over 75 (estimate=0.91; p=0.0023). Apart from the population, four factors were independently associated with a significantly higher aggregated hospital-fatality rate from Covid-19: a higher ICU capacity at baseline (estimate=1.47; p=0.00791), a lower density of general practitioners (estimate=0.95; p=0.0205), a higher fraction of activity from the for-profit private sector (estimate=0.99; p<0.001) and the ratio of people over 75 (estimate=0.91; p=0.0023). cache = ./cache/cord-257325-pvf0uon3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257325-pvf0uon3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257361-7q0vbvvd author = Lee, James S. title = Critical care for COVID-19 during a humanitarian crisis—lessons learnt from Yemen date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1296 sentences = 79 flesch = 52 summary = In May 2020, Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders (MSF) opened three COVID-19 treatment centres (CTC) in Sanaa and Aden, Yemen [1] . MSF's three CTCs included wards and ICUs. Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) received global attention but is only the visible "tip of the iceberg" for COVID-19 care. Each ICU had contextspecific resource constraints resulting in differences in the package of care related to equipment (ultrasound), investigations (laboratory, x-ray), oxygen supply, nutrition, medications, and staff (specialist doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, social workers, pharmacists, logisticians). Prone positioning had never been performed locally, but successfully taught in all 3 ICUs. Teaching critical care concepts within a few days (which typically take years of training) was challenging enough, but further complexity was added by simultaneously managing patients with a new disease, where medical knowledge of COVID-19 was evolving daily. cache = ./cache/cord-257361-7q0vbvvd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257361-7q0vbvvd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256294-9gmn4fcj author = Almazrou, Saja H. title = Comparing the impact of Hydroxychloroquine based regimens and standard treatment on COVID-19 patient outcomes: A retrospective cohort study date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3011 sentences = 183 flesch = 48 summary = title: Comparing the impact of Hydroxychloroquine based regimens and standard treatment on COVID-19 patient outcomes: A retrospective cohort study Despite the recommendation to use HCQ in COVID-19 patients in the MOH protocol, no observational studies or RCTs that evaluate the efficacy of these drugs in the Saudi Arabian population have been published. Therefore, the objective of this observational study is to compare the effects of HCQ and standard care (SC) on length of hospital stay, ICU admission, and mechanical ventilation use among COVID-19 patients. Collected data included patients' basic information (e.g. age, gender, nationality); medication prescribed; and information on hospitalization, cases requiring ICU care, and mechanical ventilation. Despite the shorter length of hospital stay and time in ICU among patients who received HCQ based treatment, as well as the smaller proportions of patients who needed ICU care and mechanical ventilation in this group, the results indicated no significant differences in these outcomes between the two cohorts. cache = ./cache/cord-256294-9gmn4fcj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256294-9gmn4fcj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253281-95ubt4k1 author = Wilson, Lauren A. title = Return to Normal: Prioritizing Elective Surgeries With Low Resource Utilization date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 761 sentences = 41 flesch = 37 summary = We therefore evaluated intensive care unit (ICU) utilization and mechanical ventilation following common elective surgical procedures to (1) determine which procedures are the least resource intensive and (2) which patient populations are less likely to require postoperative ICU admission or ventilation. Multivariable logistic regression models measured the association between patient age/comorbidity burden as measured by Charlson-Deyo index, 3 and the outcomes of ICU admission and ventilation, to validate the perception that younger and healthier patients are less likely to require these resources. Of the 15 elective surgeries evaluated, cardiac procedures were the most resource intensive with 83.9% of patients admitted to the ICU and 27.9% requiring ventilation, followed by abdominal procedures that had an average ICU admission rate of 20.3%. In almost all procedure cohorts, younger patients with a low comorbidity burden were less likely to require ICU admission and/or ventilation. cache = ./cache/cord-253281-95ubt4k1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253281-95ubt4k1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257504-tqzvdssb author = Dubost, Clément title = Preparation of an intensive care unit in France for the reception of a confirmed case of Ebola virus infection() date = 2015-11-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5148 sentences = 286 flesch = 56 summary = title: Preparation of an intensive care unit in France for the reception of a confirmed case of Ebola virus infection() The current Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa is a major challenge for the worldwide medical community. The current Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa is a major challenge for the worldwide medical community. The preparation of a modern Intensive Care Unit (ICU) to treat an EVD patient in good conditions requires time and specific equipment. The preparation of a modern Intensive Care Unit (ICU) to treat an EVD patient in good conditions requires time and specific equipment. Thus, the preparation of intensive care units in affluent countries is necessary in order to be able to receive a confirmed case of EVD with two main goals: (i) to treat the patient and (ii) to protect the healthcare providers. cache = ./cache/cord-257504-tqzvdssb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257504-tqzvdssb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262022-kvezhyt5 author = Kim, L. title = Interim Analysis of Risk Factors for Severe Outcomes among a Cohort of Hospitalized Adults Identified through the U.S. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4892 sentences = 274 flesch = 55 summary = Results: Ninety-two percent of patients had at least 1 underlying condition; 32% required intensive care unit (ICU) admission; 19% invasive mechanical ventilation; 15% vasopressors; and 17% died during hospitalization. Questions remain about the independent 92 association of sex, race/ethnicity and specific underlying conditions with severe outcomes among 93 persons hospitalized with COVID-19, after adjusting for age and other important potential confounders. Having ≥3 underlying medical conditions was significantly associated with higher risk of 250 ICU admission and death after adjusting for age group, sex, and race/ethnicity (Appendix Table 8 ). Older age, being male, 257 and the presence of certain underlying medical conditions were associated with a higher risk of ICU 258 admission and in-hospital mortality. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.18.20103390 doi: medRxiv preprint of patients hospitalized in New York City did not find race/ethnicity to be associated with ICU admission 269 or death (4). cache = ./cache/cord-262022-kvezhyt5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262022-kvezhyt5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260822-4bselbkq author = Lotz, Christopher title = Unconventional approaches to mechanical ventilation—step-by-step through the COVID-19 crisis date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1189 sentences = 80 flesch = 47 summary = Unconventional approaches to mechanical ventilation-step-by-step through the COVID-19 crisis Christopher Lotz , Quirin Notz, Peter Kranke, Markus Kredel and Patrick Meybohm * Health care systems around the world face extreme challenges during the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2. ICU ventilators provide the highest performance, fast responding efficient triggering mechanisms, and often a plethora of different ventilation modes to best suit the individual patient. There is also a case study reporting a oneventilator technique during air medical transport of twin newborns [5] and an article that pressure controlled ventilation was simultaneously achieved in two healthy volunteers via mask ventilation [6] . It is of further importance to emphasize that in case of ICU ventilator shortage, the allocation of the ventilators to each patient requires triage. In case of ICU ventilator shortage, this resource can and should be primarily used with a clear conscience in ARDS patients (Fig. 1) . Use of a single ventilator to support 4 patients: laboratory evaluation of a limited concept cache = ./cache/cord-260822-4bselbkq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260822-4bselbkq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256790-odlcfhcr author = Alviset, S. title = Continuous positive airway pressure face-mask ventilation to manage massive influx of patients requiring respiratory support during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3865 sentences = 240 flesch = 56 summary = From 27th March to 23rd April, consecutive patients receiving 10 to 15 l/min of oxygen with a non-rebreather mask, who had signs of respiratory failure or were unable to maintain an SpO2 > 90%, were treated by CPAP with a face-mask unless the ICU physician judged that immediate intubation was indicated. The following baseline patient characteristics were retrieved from patient electronic medical record : sex, age, comorbidities, body mass index (BMI), withholding / withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies, associated COVID-19 therapies (antivirals, steroids, immuno-modulating therapies, prone positioning), oxygen flow rate and SpO2 before and after starting CPAP treatment, duration of CPAP treatment, medical unit where CPAP treatment was performed, reasons for discontinuation of CPAP, duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, SAPS2 score for patients admitted in ICU, driving pressure and P/F ratio on first day of mechanical ventilation. cache = ./cache/cord-256790-odlcfhcr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256790-odlcfhcr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261354-8uwtwsug author = Settembre, Nicla title = The use of exoskeletons to help with prone positioning in the intensive care unit during COVID-19 date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1221 sentences = 59 flesch = 47 summary = Postural analysis of the PP maneuver without After testing each exoskeleton, these 2 participants completed a technology acceptance questionnaire adapted from (4) to evaluate the perceived effort, safety, comfort, efficacy, installation, and intention to use. The use of exoskeletons to cope with an exhausting task such as prone positioning in the ICU to safely maintain a large number of patients on mechanical ventilation during the surge of the COVID-19 outbreak is a consistent topic of research. However, although occupational exoskeletons are deployed in the industrial sector (11) , their use in the healthcare system is rarely reported, with no reported use in ICUs. The medical staff using the passive exoskeleton Laevo during the PP maneuvers in the ICU perceived physical relief in the low back during bent postures, particularly when working at the patient's head. cache = ./cache/cord-261354-8uwtwsug.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261354-8uwtwsug.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264907-y4vefr98 author = Renke, Christine title = Utilization of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners as Adult Critical Care Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Novel Approach date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2658 sentences = 135 flesch = 47 summary = Detroit-area hospitals were tasked with mobilizing institutional resources including personnel, personal protective equipment (PPE) , and the necessary medical supplies required to provide care for the surge of COVID-19 patients. To meet the challenge of the frontline provider deficit, Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (PNPs), with experience in the management of acute and critically ill patients, were a valuable resource to the COVID-19 ICU. This group of PNPs, equipped with evolving global and institutional COVID-19 standards of care and adult critical care guidelines, combined with support from adult critical care medicine faculty, provided frontline care to critically ill COVID-19 patients. An initial call for volunteers to staff the COVID-19 ICU was sent to inpatient advanced practice providers (APPs), including NPs, certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs), and physician assistants (PAs). Following deployment, an email survey was sent to all APPs who worked in the COVID-19 ICU regarding their background, education, usual scope of practice, and overall experience during deployment. cache = ./cache/cord-264907-y4vefr98.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264907-y4vefr98.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256746-ggnd8y06 author = Flythe, Jennifer E. title = Characteristics and Outcomes of Individuals With Pre-existing Kidney Disease and COVID-19 Admitted to Intensive Care Units in the United States date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4368 sentences = 211 flesch = 38 summary = PREDICTOR(S): Presence (versus absence) of pre-existing kidney disease OUTCOME(S): In-hospital mortality (primary); respiratory failure, shock, ventricular arrhythmia/ cardiac arrest, thromboembolic event, major bleed, and acute liver injury (secondary) ANALYTICAL APPROACH: We used standardized differences to compare patient characteristics (values >0.10 indicate a meaningful difference between groups) and multivariable adjusted Fine and Gray survival models to examine outcome associations. In this study of over 4,200 critically ill adult patients admitted to 68 U.S. ICUs with COVID-19, we found that having pre-existing kidney disease was associated with higher inhospital mortality rates, with the strength of this association varying by degree of baseline kidney dysfunction. Association between pre-existing kidney disease and 14-day in-hospital outcomes among critically ill COVID-19 patients J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Supplemental Table S8 . cache = ./cache/cord-256746-ggnd8y06.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256746-ggnd8y06.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262729-qcijsyo6 author = Eichberg, Daniel G title = Letter: Academic Neurosurgery Department Response to COVID-19 Pandemic: The University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital Model date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1089 sentences = 78 flesch = 45 summary = Therefore, we have empowered a small neurosurgery COVID team consisting of senior neurosurgeons with multidisciplinary backgrounds who review a brief history and select imaging studies and make decisions for urgent surgical cases. We continue to schedule clinic visits to evaluate potentially urgent surgical patients, which are determined during a clinic prescreen. Since implementation, we have decreased the number of clinic visits by 80%; however, we continue to see and evaluate the same number of patients prior to this protocol. Only the minimal number of residents and/or fellows required for patient care are allowed to come to the hospital. To minimize faculty exposure, we have re-organized the call schedules so that one provider covers multiple hospitals and sub-specialties -with appropriate at home Postoperative neurosurgical patients are often medically fragile; thus exposure to COVID-19 may be extremely deleterious. During the COVID-19 pandemic, emergent and urgent neurosurgical procedures should continue to be performed, while deferring elective surgeries. cache = ./cache/cord-262729-qcijsyo6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262729-qcijsyo6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261485-0ke5nqy0 author = Sabir, A. M. title = Effects of Anticoagulants and Corticosteroids therapy in patients affected by severe COVID-19 Pneumonia date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4666 sentences = 303 flesch = 54 summary = Severe COVID-19 pneumonia group were 63 patients who received methylprednisolone, enoxaparin, antiviral drugs, empirical antibiotics for pneumonia, and standard treatment for comorbidity. Conclusion Early use of a combined anti-inflammatory (corticosteroids and Enoxaparin) and antiviral drugs treatment in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia prevent complications of the disease and improve clinical outcomes. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a combination treatment of anti-inflammatory (corticosteroids and Enoxaparin) and antiviral drugs to treat severe COVID-19 pneumonia. There is one patient in medical ward needs low flow oxygen therapy and methylprednisolone for more than 21 days due to unknown reason or confirmed significant lung disease or infection, but Bactrim was given empirically for possible pneumocystis pneumonia, then improved and discharged home. Extra days of length of stay, and virus clearance time, higher oxygen therapy among patients with comorbidity and moderate COVID-19 pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-261485-0ke5nqy0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261485-0ke5nqy0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259984-csdf1a69 author = Raffiq, Azman title = COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Neurosurgery Practice in Malaysia: Academic Insights, Clinical Experience and Protocols from March till August 2020 date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 16400 sentences = 871 flesch = 47 summary = For emergent/unavoidable case for a known or undetermined COVID-19 patient, the surgeon and all OT personnel in the surgical suite should use PAPR, which filter the air being breathed in addition to face shields and other standard PPE. In routine clinical care of COVID-19 suspected or confirmed infections, surgical masks are acceptable PPE, except in the case of aerosol generating procedures (intubation, high flow nasal cannula, non-invasive ventilation, bronchoscopy, administration of nebulised medications, etc). Hospitals, professional societies and ministries of health could also provide physician and nursing staff with basic ICU and ventilator management refresher education to improve their capacity to care for COVID-19 patients. Designated COVID-19 hospitals may not be able to support all elective cases, in particular those that require post-operative intensive care or significant use of blood and blood products Surgeons, in consultation with anaesthetist, nursing colleagues as well as patients (or legally accepted next of kin), should weigh the risks of proceeding (exposure, lack of resources) against those of deferment, (progression of disease, worse patients outcomes) including the expectation of delay of 2-3 months or more or until the COVID-19 is less prevalent Figure 6 . cache = ./cache/cord-259984-csdf1a69.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259984-csdf1a69.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264614-2x7cdul3 author = Díaz-Guio, Diego Andrés title = COVID-19: Biosafety in the Intensive Care Unit date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3857 sentences = 228 flesch = 49 summary = PURPOSE OF REVIEW: COVID-19 is a new, highly transmissible disease to which healthcare workers (HCWs) are exposed, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). This article aims to show the different strategies to prevent the widespread of the disease to critical care healthcare workers based on the review of the recent literature and the author's experience with the personal protective equipment (PPE) in the care of patients with COVID-19 and work on human factors in crisis management. Nonetheless, to date, there is no robust evidence that medical masks are inferior to N95/FFP2 respirators for protecting healthcare workers against laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 during patients care and non-AGPs [31] . While personal protective equipment is an essential part of safety to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission, it must be employed appropriately, together with frequent hand hygiene, and mastering specific techniques and non-technical skills like awareness, closed-loop communication, leadership, team working, appropriate resource management, and cognitive aids [14, 34] . cache = ./cache/cord-264614-2x7cdul3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264614-2x7cdul3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267296-u4svwcpt author = Rauch, Antoine title = Endotheliopathy Is Induced by Plasma From Critically Ill Patients and Associated With Organ Failure in Severe COVID-19 date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1318 sentences = 76 flesch = 37 summary = 4 We further investigated the association of plasma-induced cytotoxicity with levels of circulating biomarkers related to organ dysfunction (Pao 2 [partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood]/Fio 2 [fraction of inspired oxygen], widely used as an indicator of oxygenation requirements, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, and aspartate transaminase), endothelial damage (von Willebrand factor antigen; ADAMTS13; plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; syndecan-1), tissue injury (cell-free DNA, a damage-associated molecular patterns marker), and levels of circulating cytokines related to the activation of innate (interleukin [IL]-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α) and adaptative immune cell responses (soluble IL-2 receptor). Overall, the degree of vascular endothelial cell injury induced by plasma sampled from patients with COVID-19 correlated to both clinical illness severity at admission and the levels of biomarkers related to endothelial injury, tissue injury, and proinflammatory cytokines. Our data shed new light on the pathophysiology of COVID-19 by demonstrating the direct and rapid cytotoxic effect of plasma collected from critically ill patients on vascular endothelial cells. cache = ./cache/cord-267296-u4svwcpt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267296-u4svwcpt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263703-5csf9z6s author = Fernandez Villalobos, N. V. title = Quantification of the association between predisposing health conditions, demographic, and behavioural factors with hospitalisation, intensive care unit admission, and death from COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5758 sentences = 347 flesch = 49 summary = Background Comprehensive evidence synthesis on the associations between comorbidities and behavioural factors with hospitalisation, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, and death due to COVID-19 is lacking leading to inconsistent national and international recommendations on who should be targeted for non-pharmaceutical interventions and vaccination strategies. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on studies and publicly available data to quantify the association between predisposing health conditions, demographics, and behavioural factors with hospitalisation, ICU admission, and death from COVID-19. We extracted relevant variables in the smallest reported unit and according to the main stratification variable, either comorbidity or behavioural risk factor, author and link, country, data source, age-range, study time-frame, baseline population group, outcome (mortality, severity, or other), number of individuals in the risk group, total sample, number of individuals among risk group with outcome, total number of individuals people with the outcome, and effect measures of association reported as well as relative risks computed automatically. cache = ./cache/cord-263703-5csf9z6s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263703-5csf9z6s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263671-2b54qfo7 author = Soriano, María Cruz title = Low incidence of co-infection, but high incidence of ICU-acquired infections in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 984 sentences = 58 flesch = 46 summary = title: Low incidence of co-infection, but high incidence of ICU-acquired infections in critically ill patients with COVID-19 ICU admission is a risk factor for hospital-acquired infections and nosocomial infections by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria 2, 3 . Here, we report our findings of a retrospective cohort study to asses the incidence of co-infections, ICU-acquired infections and their relation to mortality in patients with COVID-19. Frequency measurements have been calculated using the incidence rates of each ICU-acquired infections expressed in relation to the number of patients at risk or the number of days at risk. A study conducted in Wuhan, China shows a series of 150 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in whom the presence of secondary infection during hospital admission was one of the risk factors for increased mortality 5 . A recent study found that frequency of hospital-acquired superinfections remained low and this finding was mainly related with ICU admission 6 . cache = ./cache/cord-263671-2b54qfo7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263671-2b54qfo7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264889-1vsvcza2 author = Jackson, Craig T. title = The Ties That Bind: A Coronavirus Disease Journey date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1129 sentences = 65 flesch = 55 summary = We certainly could not know that we would face that challenge in complementary roles-as patient and as critical care physician. Like so many other friends from distant pasts, we reconnected on social media, sharing advice and personal experiences during the current pandemic. " Although the critical care community is changing practice to improve outcomes (1-3), our shared experience of COVID delirium-one as patient and the other as physicianfriend-offered a powerful lesson for both of us. Each patient's ties to the outside serve as reminders of the importance of team-the care team and the patient's own team of partner, friends, and family-during the critical care journey. Thus, a partner can become a "project manager" to help share in the patient experience. As friends on a COVID journey, we shared our appreciation of ICU care as a team sport. COVID-19: ICU delirium management during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic COVID-19: What do we need to know about ICU delirium during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic? cache = ./cache/cord-264889-1vsvcza2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264889-1vsvcza2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270628-jtj30v0r author = Alharthy, Abdulrahman title = Prospective Longitudinal Evaluation of Point‐of‐Care Lung Ultrasound in Critically Ill Patients With Severe COVID‐19 Pneumonia date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4249 sentences = 250 flesch = 45 summary = [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Lung US was suggested to be particularly useful during the COVID-19 pandemic because of its ability to identify subtle lung parenchymal changes early in the course of disease, monitor the evolution of pulmonary lesions in hospitalized patients, and guide mechanical ventilation therapy in critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome. [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] Chest computed tomography (CT) rapidly became the mainstream imaging method in the diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 pneumonia by identifying the typical pattern of ground glass opacities with variable infiltrates and consolidations, while showing a high correlation with laboratory detection of the virus by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] Hence, in this study, the primary end point was to analyze the lung US findings in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia or admission to the ICU longitudinally throughout their disease course. cache = ./cache/cord-270628-jtj30v0r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270628-jtj30v0r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267237-wbwlfx7q author = Gómez-Rial, Jose title = Increased Serum Levels of sCD14 and sCD163 Indicate a Preponderant Role for Monocytes in COVID-19 Immunopathology date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2589 sentences = 148 flesch = 40 summary = METHODS: Fifty-nine SARS-Cov-2 positive hospitalized patients, classified according to ICU or non-ICU admission requirement, were prospectively recruited and analyzed by ELISA for levels of sCD14 and sCD163, along with other laboratory parameters, and compared to a healthy control group. CONCLUSIONS: Monocyte-macrophage activation markers are increased and correlate with other inflammatory markers in SARS-Cov-2 infection, in association to hospital admission. In this paper, we analyze serum levels of soluble monocyte activation markers in COVID-19 patients and their correlation with severity and other inflammatory markers. We found significant correlations between sCD14 and sCD163 levels and several clinical laboratory parameters in infected patients (in these analysis, adjusted significance under Bonferrori correction is 0.01), but only in the non-ICU group, possibly reflecting an interference of the use of tocilizumab or corticoids in the ICU group. Our results thus suggest that monocyte-macrophage activation can act as driver cells of the cytokine storm and immunopathology associated to severe clinical course of COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-267237-wbwlfx7q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267237-wbwlfx7q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264829-ynel6ore author = Momtazmanesh, Sara title = Cardiovascular disease in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 10,898 patients and proposal of a triage risk stratification tool date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7952 sentences = 447 flesch = 48 summary = The aims of this systematic review and meta-analyses were (1) to calculate pooled frequency of newly developed and pre-existing CVD, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiac symptoms as the initial presentations of COVID-19, elevation of cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers, acute hepatic, and renal injury; (2) to investigate association of newly developed and pre-existing CVD (including any acquired cardiac disease, encompassing ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies, or congenital heart disease) hypertension, and elevated cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers with severity of the disease and mortality; (3) to define the clinical spectrum and mechanisms of the newly developed cardiovascular diseases in the pediatric and adult population, the spectrum of newly developed arrhythmias and electrocardiographic changes and the pathologic findings of cardiac autopsies; and (4) to propose a TRST for timely detection and appropriate pathophysiologically targeted treatment of high-risk COVID-19 patients with associated CVD. cache = ./cache/cord-264829-ynel6ore.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264829-ynel6ore.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262623-lmf2h6oc author = Light, R. Bruce title = Plagues in the ICU: A Brief History of Community-Acquired Epidemic and Endemic Transmissible Infections Leading to Intensive Care Admission date = 2009-01-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7817 sentences = 318 flesch = 42 summary = In addition to the HIV pandemic, the smaller epidemic outbreaks of Legionnaire's disease, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, and severe acute respiratory syndrome, among many others, points out the potential risk associated with a lack of preplanning and preparedness. In the late 1970s, emergency rooms and ICUs throughout North America began to see an increasing number of young menstruating women presenting with a previously little-known syndrome characterized by sudden onset of a high fever, often associated with vomiting and diarrhea, quickly followed by severe hypotension. At the beginning of the epidemic, most patients presenting for care with HIV/AIDS and Pneumocystosis were severely ill with diffuse pneumonia and hypoxemic respiratory failure and many died, 80%-90% in most centers, prompting widespread debate about whether such patients should even be admitted to ICU for mechanical ventilatory support. cache = ./cache/cord-262623-lmf2h6oc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262623-lmf2h6oc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263883-7ba0huwy author = Ansarin, Khalil title = Effect of bromhexine on clinical outcomes and mortality in COVID-19 patients: A randomized clinical trial date = 2020-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3119 sentences = 186 flesch = 51 summary = The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of bromhexine in intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, and mortality in patients with COVID-19. The current study, an open-label, randomized clinical trial, examined the efficacy of early start of oral bromhexine, in the intensive care unit (ICU) admission, rate of mechanical ventilation, and mortality in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The data presented in this clinical trial confirmed that the early-onset treatment with oral bromhexine 8 mg three times a day not only effectively mitigated the respiratory symptoms, but also significantly decreased the rate of ICU admissions, intubation, mechanical ventilation, and mortality in COVID-19 disease. The data analysis of this clinical trial also showed that cardinal respiratory symptoms (cough, lassitude, and dyspnea) in patients with COVID-19 disease who received bromhexine treatment was remarkably less than the standard group. cache = ./cache/cord-263883-7ba0huwy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263883-7ba0huwy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269914-75to9xr2 author = Jansson, Miia title = Artificial Intelligence for clinical decision support in Critical Care, required and accelerated by COVID-19 date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1363 sentences = 76 flesch = 30 summary = Diagnostic models have been proposed in a variety of clinical situations including early detection or stratification of sepsis [5] , bacterial and viral infections (e.g., COVID-19) [5] , and delirium in the ICU [5] , as well as pulmonary embolism in primary care [6] . Prognostic models have focused on predicting ICU-related mortality [7] , infections (e.g., positive blood culture, MRSA) [5] , responses to treatments [5] , antibiotic resistance [5] , asynchronies during assisted ventilation [8] , prolonged MV [9] , extubation failure [10] , and death in influenza [11] , COVID-19 [12, 13] , and community-acquired pneumonia [14] . Geolocated critical care demand prediction, optimal hospital resource planning, and intelligent patient flow management with decision support algorithms can also be achieved by integrating real time clinical data with population statistics and health interventions. cache = ./cache/cord-269914-75to9xr2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269914-75to9xr2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266935-bkan3mwy author = Giannakoulis, Vassilis G. title = Effect of Cancer on Clinical Outcomes of Patients With COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis of Patient Data date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2879 sentences = 193 flesch = 53 summary = We aimed to quantify the effect (if any) of the presence as opposed to absence of cancer on important clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 by carrying out a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, medRxiv, COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19), and references of relevant articles up to April 27, 2020, to identify observational studies comparing patients with versus without cancer infected with COVID-19 and to report on mortality and/or need for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). 2 We therefore aimed to quantify the effect (if any) of the presence as opposed to absence of cancer on important clinical outcomes, such as mortality and need for admission in the intensive care unit (ICU), of patients with COVID-19 by carrying out a systematic review and meta-analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-266935-bkan3mwy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266935-bkan3mwy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268662-mw8ec7u2 author = Salton, Francesco title = Prolonged low-dose methylprednisolone in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4402 sentences = 275 flesch = 50 summary = METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, observational study to explore the association between exposure to prolonged, low-dose, MP treatment and need for ICU referral, intubation or death within 28 days (composite primary endpoint) in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to Italian respiratory high-dependency units. [6] We hypothesized that early MP treatment in hypoxemic patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia at higher risk for ARF progression requiring invasive MV, may quicken disease resolution, reducing the need for ICU support and mortality. Multivariable Cox proportional-hazard models estimated the hazard ratio (HR) of both the primary composite endpoint and all-cause death, with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), taking into account the confounding factors (i.e., sex, age, and baseline values of SOFA score, PaO 2 :FiO 2 , CRP levels) potentially associated with the outcome. In our multicenter study, patients exposed to MP encountered the primary composite endpoint of ICU referral, need for invasive MV or in-hospital all-cause death significantly less compared to the control group (adjusted HR 0.41). cache = ./cache/cord-268662-mw8ec7u2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268662-mw8ec7u2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270837-xvauo76d author = Hui, David S. title = The 1-Year Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome on Pulmonary Function, Exercise Capacity, and Quality of Life in a Cohort of Survivors date = 2005-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5821 sentences = 284 flesch = 54 summary = Our assessment included: lung volume (total lung capacity [TLC], vital capacity, residual volume, functional residual capacity), spirometry (FVC, FEV1), diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (Dlco), inspiratory and expiratory respiratory muscle strength, 6-min walk distance (6MWD), chest radiographs (CXRs), and HRQoL by Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form General Health Survey questionnaire. The lung function tests at 12 months showed significantly lower percentage of predicted FVC, VC, TLC, RV, and Dlco in survivors who required ICU support than those who were treated on medical wards, although no significant difference was noted for 6MWD and respiratory muscle strength between the two groups ( Table 5) . The 1-year lung function indexes (percentage of predicted FVC, VC, TLC, RV, and Dlco) in survivors who required ICU support were remarkably lower than those of patients who were treated on medical wards, although no significant differences were noted for 6MWD, respiratory muscle strength, and health status between the two groups. cache = ./cache/cord-270837-xvauo76d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270837-xvauo76d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265022-p5cab562 author = Kotfis, Katarzyna title = COVID-19: ICU delirium management during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5426 sentences = 256 flesch = 34 summary = Indeed, patients with COVID-19 are at accelerated risk for delirium due to at least seven factors including (1) direct central nervous system (CNS) invasion, (2) induction of CNS inflammatory mediators, (3) secondary effect of other organ system failure, (4) effect of sedative strategies, (5) prolonged mechanical ventilation time, (6) immobilization, and (7) other needed but unfortunate environmental factors including social isolation and quarantine without family. Given early insights into the pathobiology of the virus, as well as the emerging interventions utilized to treat the critically ill patients, delirium prevention and management will prove exceedingly challenging, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). Many hospitalized patients with COVID-19 will develop delirium, and given early insights into the pathobiology of this virus indicating invasion into the brain stem, as well as the emerging interventions utilized to treat these critically ill patients, delirium prevention and management may prove exceedingly challenging, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). cache = ./cache/cord-265022-p5cab562.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265022-p5cab562.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271536-pscw933i author = Guo, Zhen-Dong title = Aerosol and Surface Distribution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Hospital Wards, Wuhan, China, 2020 date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1685 sentences = 100 flesch = 61 summary = To determine distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in hospital wards in Wuhan, China, we tested air and surface samples. To determine distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in hospital wards in Wuhan, China, we tested air and surface samples. Furthermore, we found that rates of positivity differed by air sampling site, which reflects the distribution of virus-laden aerosols in the wards ( Figure 2 , panel A). SARS-CoV-2 aerosol was detected at all 3 sampling sites; rates of positivity were 35.7% (5/14) near air outlets, 44.4% (8/18) in patients' rooms, and 12.5% Figure 2 (1/8) in the doctors' office area. First, SARS-CoV-2 was widely distributed in the air and on object surfaces in both the ICU and GW, implying a potentially high infection risk for medical staff and other close contacts. cache = ./cache/cord-271536-pscw933i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271536-pscw933i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267373-nzxbogga author = Antinori, Spinello title = Compassionate remdesivir treatment of severe Covid-19 pneumonia in intensive care unit (ICU) and Non-ICU patients: Clinical outcome and differences in post_treatment hospitalisation status date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3468 sentences = 149 flesch = 49 summary = title: Compassionate remdesivir treatment of severe Covid-19 pneumonia in intensive care unit (ICU) and Non-ICU patients: Clinical outcome and differences in post_treatment hospitalisation status This prospective (compassionate), open-label study of remdesivir, which was conducted at Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy, between February 23 and March 20, 2020, involved patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia aged ≥18 years undergoing mechanical ventilation or with an oxygen saturation level of ≤94% in air or a National Early Warning Score 2 of ≥4. Patients were eligible to receive remdesivir for compassionate use if they were a male or non-pregnant female aged >18 years, had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by a positive reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test of a respiratory tract sample and pneumonia confirmed by a chest X-ray or computed tomography (CT) scan, and were mechanically ventilated or had an oxygen saturation (SaO2) level of <94% in room air or a National Early Warning Score (NEWS)2 of  4 [19] . cache = ./cache/cord-267373-nzxbogga.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267373-nzxbogga.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268254-1mg7a17c author = Liu, Li title = High neutralizing antibody titer in intensive care unit patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3475 sentences = 200 flesch = 53 summary = This study determined the seroprevalence of 733 non-COVID-19 individuals from April 2018 to February 2020 in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and compared the neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses of eight COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with those of 42 patients not admitted to the ICU. In this study, the absence of NAb in the serum of over 733 HKSAR residents indicates that SARS-CoV-2 is unlikely to have spread silently in Hong Kong before its emergence in COVID-19 patients. During our manuscript revision, a preprint paper indicated that SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody responses are more robust in patients with severe disease [26] . Neutralizing antibodies responses to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 inpatients and convalescent patients. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody responses are more robust in patients with severe disease Neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in a COVID-19 recovered patient cohort and their implications. cache = ./cache/cord-268254-1mg7a17c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268254-1mg7a17c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273350-b2exkw6x author = Soh, Mitsuhito title = Impaired mental health status following ICU care in a patient with COVID‐19 date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1326 sentences = 84 flesch = 51 summary = Thus, severe respiratory failure patients with COVID-19 sometimes generally do not receive the PICS prevention bundle, which is commonly applied in standard intensive care unit (ICU) practice 4 . Here, we report a COVID-19 case that developed an impaired mental health status following intensive care unit ICU care. All rights reserved nurse examined his medical condition, the patient said, "When I try to sleep, I can't sleep because I remember ICU stay," "The news that popular comedian died from a coronavirus made me feel anxious and scared," and "It's hard to see people die while playing games." Therefore, in his outpatient visit 28 days after discharge, we assessed his mental status. Further actual condition evaluation, prevention, treatment, and follow-up activities for mental disorder PICS should be systematically developed in actual clinical practice to improve the long-term prognosis of patients with COVID-19 who underwent ICU treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-273350-b2exkw6x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273350-b2exkw6x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272314-6suu8n75 author = Hetland, Breanna title = 2020 - The Year that Needed the Nurse: Considerations for Critical Care Nursing Research and Practice Emerging in the Midst of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1288 sentences = 61 flesch = 40 summary = As experienced critical care nurse scientists conducting research studies in these dynamic settings, we provide our perspectives on the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the ICU and highlight implications for nursing practice and research. Specifically, this editorial addresses the: 1) need for agile, rapid innovation and implementation strategies; 2) importance of research policies that ensure continuation of scientific discovery and dissemination amidst crises; and, 3) necessity to develop creative strategies to promote a culture of patient and family engagement during critical situations. Not only does the current healthcare crisis highlight the need to embrace an agile implementation model that mirrors our ever-changing clinical environment, it also emphasizes the value of applying adaptive research designs. Doing so allows us to address research questions and integrate emerging evidence in real-time, applying clinically driven data that provides immediate feedback to the healthcare team and to the broader critical care community. cache = ./cache/cord-272314-6suu8n75.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272314-6suu8n75.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272349-cqzfjg5t author = De Lorenzo, Antonino title = Fat mass affects nutritional status of ICU COVID-19 patients date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3720 sentences = 210 flesch = 48 summary = METHODS: Prospective observational study of 22 adult patients, affected by COVID-19 pneumonia and admitted to the ICU and classified in two sets: (10) lean and (12) obese, according to FM% and age (De Lorenzo classification). Obesity, measured as body mass index (BMI), is reported to associate with increase the risk of developing severe pneumonia in COVID-19 [1] . Indeed, the risk correlated to obesity with COVID-19 severity is greater in metabolic associated fatty liver patients [2] . Aim of this prospective observational study, in patients admitted to ICU for COVID-19, is to evaluate the relationship between FM% and immune-inflammatory response, after 10 days in ICU. Rather than considering only the BMI, patients recruited in this study were categorized in two sets: "lean" or "obese" according to FM% and age, based on criteria presented by De Lorenzo [15] . Obesity as a risk factor for greater severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease cache = ./cache/cord-272349-cqzfjg5t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272349-cqzfjg5t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276374-i37ygb2z author = Deasy, Jacob title = Forecasting ultra-early intensive care strain from COVID-19 in England date = 2020-03-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2980 sentences = 159 flesch = 49 summary = Here we present an attempt at an agile short-range forecast based on published real-time COVID-19 case data from the seven National Health Service commissioning regions in England (East of England, London, Midlands, North East and Yorkshire, North West, South East and South West). In this paper we use published COVID-19 diagnosis data for England to generate the earliest possible estimates of additional ICU demand due to infections in the coming days, based on cautious epidemiological data from the literature and under the assumption that the current increase in cases represents the exponential phase of an outbreak rather than a change in ascertainment. 19.20039057 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 4: Projected regional COVID-19 ICU occupancy as a percentage of regional capacity in the seven National Health Service commissioning regions in England. Our data suggests that traditional ICU capacity could be rapidly consumed over a period of approximately 14 days from the time of modelling/writing, such figures hide substantial regional heterogeneity, with London and the Midlands demonstrating the most rapid growth. cache = ./cache/cord-276374-i37ygb2z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276374-i37ygb2z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273737-t6j3leec author = Poeran, Jashvant title = Cancellation of Elective Surgery and Intensive Care Unit Capacity in New York State: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2279 sentences = 132 flesch = 53 summary = BACKGROUND: In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, New York State ordered the suspension of all elective surgeries to increase intensive care unit (ICU) bed capacity. Descriptions of ICU utilization and mechanical ventilation were stratified by admission type (elective surgery, emergent/urgent/trauma surgery, and medical admissions) and by geographic location (New York metropolitan region versus the rest of New York State). In NYC, 221,970 patients required an ICU stay with mechanical ventilation (Table 3) ; 12,726 of those patients were admitted after elective surgery (12,726/221,970 = 5.7%), versus emergent/urgent/trauma surgery (n = 75,334) and medical reasons (n=133,910). While suspending elective surgeries clearly increases hospital (non-ICU) bed capacity, our analysis suggests a limited impact on ICU resource allocation, especially in the context of the much larger share of ICU admissions due to emergent/urgent/trauma surgery and medical etiologies. cache = ./cache/cord-273737-t6j3leec.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273737-t6j3leec.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278638-2dm54f6l author = Huang, Ian title = Lymphopenia in severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-05-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3105 sentences = 207 flesch = 52 summary = Research articles in adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with information on lymphocyte count and several outcomes of interest, including mortality, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), intensive care unit (ICU) care, and severe COVID-19, were included in the analysis. We used standardized forms that included author, year, study design, age, gender, cardiac comorbidities, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smoking, lymphocyte count, lymphopenia, mortality, ARDS, ICU care, and severe COVID-19. Random-effects meta-regression analysis showed that the association between lower lymphocyte count in patients with composite poor outcome was affected by age (p = 0.034) (Fig. 3a) , but not by gender (p = 0.109), cardiac comorbidity (p = 0.953) (Fig. 3b) , hypertension (p = 0.065) (Fig. 3c) , diabetes mellitus (p = 0.931), COPD (p = 0.798), and smoking (p = 0.581). This meta-analysis showed that lower lymphocyte count was associated with increased mortality, ARDS, need for ICU care, and severe COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-278638-2dm54f6l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278638-2dm54f6l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275838-un11s2mr author = Levy, Jonathan title = A model for a ventilator-weaning and early rehabilitation unit to deal with post-ICU impairments with severe COVID-19 date = 2020-04-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 863 sentences = 58 flesch = 56 summary = title: A model for a ventilator-weaning and early rehabilitation unit to deal with post-ICU impairments with severe COVID-19 Median length of hospital stay was 12 days (1), but patients with severe disease may remain in intensive care units (ICUs) for 2 to 3 weeks, and survival time for non-survivors has been reported to be 1 to 2 weeks (2). There is a growing need for ventilator weaning units that could help ICUs discharge ventilator-dependent patients with stable disease and no other organ failure but respiratory or neurological features. Mean ICU length of stay before admission in the weaning unit was 11 (4.0) days (vs 3 weeks in the Chinese series (2)). By the date of final acceptance of this article (April 11), we counted 86,740 active cases of COVID-19 in France; 7,004 patients were considered to have serious or critical disease and were in an ICU. It also allows for a physical medicine and rehabilitation holistic evaluation of post-critical COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-275838-un11s2mr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275838-un11s2mr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275457-buq2d4k2 author = Jannes, G. title = Beta regression with spatio-temporal effects as a tool for hospital impact analysis of initial phase epidemics: the case of COVID-19 in Spain date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8321 sentences = 458 flesch = 58 summary = First, a Beta distribution will describe the probability function for all possible values of the ratios of interest; second, a logistic distribution will be used to estimate the time evolution of raw data of diagnosed, hospitalized, ICU patients, and recovered patients; third and foremost, a Beta regression will be used to develop a prediction method for the ratios described earlier based on their lagged values and on the proportion of recovered patients. These auxiliary results are used as input for the third and main step, namely the Beta regression in which the ratios and their evolution is predicted, and which also includes an analysis of the temporal patterns and spatial effects in the variance of the modelization. The Beta regression model developed here depends on the 1-day lagged value of the Hosp/Cases and ICU/Hosp ratios, as well as the patient recovery rate. cache = ./cache/cord-275457-buq2d4k2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275457-buq2d4k2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275445-d3i12m3l author = Hashmi, Madiha title = A national survey of critical care services in hospitals accredited for training in a lower-middle income country: Pakistan date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3293 sentences = 179 flesch = 49 summary = title: A national survey of critical care services in hospitals accredited for training in a lower-middle income country: Pakistan Conclusion: Pakistan, a lower middle-income country, has an established network of critical care facilities with access to basic equipment, but inequalities in its distribution. Since then, regional efforts to map critical care services in Asia have contributed valuable information regarding intensive care unit (ICU) bed availability in the region [9] . This paper details a national survey of critical care services in Pakistan including organisational structures, equipment, infrastructure and training capacity. This national survey from Pakistan reports very limited critical care bed availability but where available ICUs are well resourced with basic equipment for invasive ventilation and monitoring. As Pakistan seeks to improve diagnosis and management of critically ill patients with SARI, sepsis and following trauma, better access to POC services and invasive monitoring, along with specially trained staff to interpret and respond to this information, is essential. cache = ./cache/cord-275445-d3i12m3l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275445-d3i12m3l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277248-7qnymo98 author = dos Reis, Helena Lucia Barroso title = Severe coronavirus infection in pregnancy: challenging cases report date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2806 sentences = 135 flesch = 49 summary = This is a report of three cases of COVID-19 confirmed by real-time reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal secretions collected in swabs from pregnant women in the city of Vitoria, Espirito Santo State, Brazil. This study reports three cases of COVID-19 comprising pregnant women with severe respiratory failure and evaluates the clinical management of COVID-19 infection in obstetric clinics in Vitoria, Espirito Santo State, Brazil. The newborns were premature in two of the three cases due to the need to perform the C-section, but none of the newborns presented symptoms of infection, and all three tested negative for COVID-19 using RT-PCR that tested nasopharyngeal secretions. An analysis of 38 Pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes cache = ./cache/cord-277248-7qnymo98.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277248-7qnymo98.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276808-sax7qc85 author = Rosas, I. title = Tocilizumab in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4987 sentences = 322 flesch = 48 summary = CONCLUSIONS In this randomized placebo-controlled trial in hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients, tocilizumab did not improve clinical status or mortality. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.27.20183442 doi: medRxiv preprint This is the first global, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate whether tocilizumab has clinical benefit in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The ratio of the odds of being in a better clinical status category for tocilizumab versus placebo was determined using a proportional odds model to give odds ratios and 95% CIs. Data from the last available postbaseline assessment on the ordinal scale were used for patients who withdrew before day 28, and all deaths and hospital discharges were carried forward. Among treatments for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 investigated in randomized controlled trials, dexamethasone reduced mortality in patients receiving is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint cache = ./cache/cord-276808-sax7qc85.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276808-sax7qc85.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276359-syr9av09 author = Piva, Simone title = Clinical presentation and initial management critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Brescia, Italy date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3312 sentences = 204 flesch = 49 summary = title: Clinical presentation and initial management critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Brescia, Italy In addition to describing the clinical management of such patients, this study details a proposed severity scale that was used to communicate with non-intensivists for management and triage, and for a step-up approach to drug therapy including antivirals, desamethasone and selective cytokine blockers. Creation of a severity scale to assess patients with COVID is of value to hospitals and physicians facing such shortages. The pandemic spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its disease, COVID-19, has resulted in massive strain in healthcare systems in several countries. The experience of Lombardy is interesting in that despite Italy having the third most number of ICU beds per capita, after the United States and Germany, physicians have had to limit resources due to shortages [1] . cache = ./cache/cord-276359-syr9av09.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276359-syr9av09.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276676-lgt0rzob author = Moka, Eleni title = Best Practice in Cardiac Anesthesia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Practical Recommendations date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5882 sentences = 274 flesch = 35 summary = Indeed, the pandemic has already affected cardiac surgery units in multiple ways: limited number of available ICU beds and ventilation sites, necessity to postpone or cancel elective and/or complex cardiac interventional procedures, patients developing COVID-19 post cardiac surgery, coronavirus patients necessitating urgent cardiac operations, cardiac anesthetists' in-hospital transfer to staff and support ICUs in front of the pandemic, infected health care providers with consequent shortage of medical and nursing practitioners, restrictions in clinical meetings, and cancelation of training and continuing medical education [6, 8] . Based on the current understanding of COVID-19 pathophysiology and the clinical characteristics of cardiovascular surgical patients, in this review, the authors highlight related anesthesia concerns and provide practical recommendations in reference to perioperative planning and management of patients undergoing cardiac surgery, along with a focus on disease control and prevention in the times of COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-276676-lgt0rzob.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276676-lgt0rzob.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271146-levsbye2 author = Almuabbadi, Basel title = Novel transportation capsule technology could reduce the exposure risk to SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers: A feasibility study date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 344 sentences = 32 flesch = 47 summary = title: Novel transportation capsule technology could reduce the exposure risk to SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers: A feasibility study Also, 109 HCWs were employed for the transportation of COVID-19 patients: 39 physicians, 20 respiratory physiotherapists, 20 ICU nurses, and 30 paramedics (Fig. 1) . Moreover, all awake (ie, nonintubated) patients reported a high level of comfort during transportation. In conclusion, the insulated patient capsule has proven to be an efficient technology for the transportation of COVID-19 patients. Most importantly, none of our HCWs was infected in the transportation process. COVID-19: protecting health-care workers Escalating infection control response to the rapidly evolving epidemiology of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 in Hong Kong COVID-19 and the risk to healthcare workers: a case report No financial support was provided relevant to this article.Conflicts of interest. All authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. cache = ./cache/cord-271146-levsbye2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271146-levsbye2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276181-5gh0i394 author = Eimer, J. title = Tocilizumab shortens time on mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1547 sentences = 91 flesch = 46 summary = Conclusions: Treatment of critically ill patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 with tocilizumab was not associated with reduced 30-day all-cause mortality, but shorter duration on ventilatory support as well as shorter overall length of stay in hospital and in ICU. Several small studies from China and Europe have reported promising results of the treatment with tocilizumab in patients with COVID-19, preventing the need for admission to an intensive care unit and improving clinical outcomes (4, 5) . In this retrospective cohort study, the administration of tocilizumab did not reduce all cause mortality but was associated with a shorter time on mechanical ventilation and a shorter length of stay in hospital and in ICU in critically ill patients with ARDS due to COVID-19. In summary, our findings indicate that treatment with tocilizumab of critically ill patients with severe ARDS due to COVID-19 may reduce time on mechanical ventilation and overall length of stay in ICU and in hospital. cache = ./cache/cord-276181-5gh0i394.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276181-5gh0i394.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280942-ej8fx52u author = Daunizeau, J. title = On the reliability of model-based predictions in the context of the current COVID epidemic event: impact of outbreak peak phase and data paucity date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5643 sentences = 294 flesch = 50 summary = title: On the reliability of model-based predictions in the context of the current COVID epidemic event: impact of outbreak peak phase and data paucity In particular, we evaluate the prediction accuracy of a recent SIR-type model that follows from augmenting the set of data to be explained (in particular, we focus on ICU occupancy and negative testing rates 3 , in addition to positive test results and death rates records), depending on whether the outbreak has already been observed or not. This effectively reduces the available data to the death and positive test counts, on which most model predictions rely, including outcomes of interest that are only indirectly informed by these data (e.g., acquired population immunity at the end of the current epidemic outbreak). In addition, we have shown that data paucity (in particular, ignoring ICU occupancy and negative test rates) can accentuate these prediction errors, even when the outbreak peak has already been observed. cache = ./cache/cord-280942-ej8fx52u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280942-ej8fx52u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022633-fr55uod6 author = nan title = SAEM Abstracts, Plenary Session date = 2012-04-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 147405 sentences = 8927 flesch = 54 summary = Staff satisfaction was evaluated through pre/ post-shift and study surveys; administrative data (physician initial assessment (PIA), length of stay (LOS), patients leaving without being seen (LWBS) and against medical advice [LAMA] ) were collected from an electronic, real-time ED information system. Communication Background: The link between extended shift lengths, sleepiness, and occupational injury or illness has been shown, in other health care populations, to be an important and preventable public health concern but heretofore has not been fully described in emergency medical services (EMS Objectives: To assess the effect of an ED-based computer screening and referral intervention for IPV victims and to determine what characteristics resulted in a positive change in their safety. Objectives: Using data from longitudinal surveys by the American Board of Emergency Medicine, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate if resident self-assessments of performance in required competencies improve over the course of graduate medical training and in the years following. cache = ./cache/cord-022633-fr55uod6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022633-fr55uod6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276952-nkaow79h author = Sim, Starling A. title = Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients in the Era of Molecular Testing date = 2018-03-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3687 sentences = 201 flesch = 46 summary = Viral respiratory tract infection (vRTI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). This study aimed to assess the epidemiologic characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of vRTI occurring in the period from conditioning to 100 days after allo-HSCT in the era of molecular testing. Demographic and clinical data were collected from hospital clinical records using a case report form and included age, sex, underlying disease, previous therapy, stem cell source, conditioning therapy, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and outcomes (ie intensive care unit [ICU] admission and death). For patients with RV infection, the number of vRTIs, type of RVs, clinical presentation, antiviral therapy, and outcomes (ie, ICU admission, death, use of mechanical ventilation, and progression to lower respiratory tract infection [LRTI]) were also obtained during the 100-day period. cache = ./cache/cord-276952-nkaow79h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276952-nkaow79h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279520-zccd1mq5 author = Christian, Michael D. title = Possible SARS Coronavirus Transmission during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation date = 2004-02-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4047 sentences = 199 flesch = 45 summary = Infection of healthcare workers with the severe acute respiratory syndrome–associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is thought to occur primarily by either contact or large respiratory droplet transmission. We investigated a possible cluster of SARS-CoV infections in healthcare workers who used contact and droplet precautions during attempted cardiopulmonary resuscitation of a SARS patient. On the basis of the results of this investigation and previous reports of SARS transmission during aerosol-generating procedures, a systematic approach to the problem is outlined, including the use of the following: 1) administrative controls, 2) environmental engineering controls, 3) personal protective equipment, and 4) quality control. However, despite the use of infection control precautions and personal protective equipment designed to prevent contact and droplet transmission, episodes of SARS-CoV transmission to health-care workers have continued to occur under certain circumstances. We present the results of an investigation of the first reported transmission of SARS-CoV to healthcare workers that occurred during attempted cardiopulmonary resuscitation of a completely unresponsive SARS patient. cache = ./cache/cord-279520-zccd1mq5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279520-zccd1mq5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278325-ykcd7d59 author = Cheung, Carmen Ka Man title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Haematologist's Perspective date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7672 sentences = 379 flesch = 39 summary = Two meta-analyses showed that a lower platelet count is associated with an increased risk of severe disease and mortality in patients with COVID-19 and may serve as a marker for progression of illness [53, 54] . Experience from previous SARS patients, caused by SARS-CoV-1, suggested that coronavirus could cause thrombocytopenia by direct viral infection of bone marrow haematopoietic stem cells via CD13 or CD66a, formation of auto-antibodies and immune complexes, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), and consumption of platelet in lung epithelium [61, 62] . The International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) suggested all patients (including non-critically ill) who require hospital admission for COVID-19 infection should receive a prophylactic dose of LMWH unless contraindicated (Table 2 ) [102] . Clinical Course and Outcomes of Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Preliminary Report of the First 28 Patients from the Korean Cohort Study on COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-278325-ykcd7d59.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278325-ykcd7d59.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276782-3fpmatkb author = Garbey, M. title = A Model of Workflow in the Hospital During a Pandemic to Assist Management date = 2020-05-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5717 sentences = 295 flesch = 61 summary = The objective is to assist management in anticipating the load of each care unit, such as the ICU, or ordering supplies, such as personal protective equipment, but also to retrieve key parameters that measure the performance of the health system facing a new crisis. In some hospitals, the floor might be shared by patients who are 92 recovering from COVID-19 and palliative care patients.Despite this, we will separate 93 these functional units in our model to clarify the workflow process according to what 94 each patient stage requires in terms of resources and time to deliver adequate care. Number of Staff required at each care unit per beds in reference to the Workflow of Figure 1 Let us describe the data set we are using to construct our model. cache = ./cache/cord-276782-3fpmatkb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276782-3fpmatkb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268211-egy8rgtl author = Barrasa, Helena title = SARS-Cov-2 in Spanish Intensive Care: Early Experience with 15-day Survival In Vitoria date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2681 sentences = 181 flesch = 53 summary = Methods: We identified patients from the two public hospitals in Vitoria who were admitted to ICU with confirmed infection by SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion: This early experience with SARS-CoV-2 in Spain suggests that a strategy of right oxygenation avoiding non-invasive mechanical ventilation was life-saving. Seven-day mortality in SARS-CoV-2 requiring intubation was lower than 15%, with 80% of patients still requiring mechanical ventilation. Because of mortality reports in Wuhan [5] suggesting a close association, we assessed correlation between plasma procalcitonin at ICU admission and 7-day mortality. Our findings suggest that an oxygenation strategy emphasising optimisation of oxygenation, intubation based on clinical criteria of hyperventilation and avoiding ventilator-induced lung injury associated with non-invasive mechanical ventilation would be life-saving in a significant proportion of patients. Seven-day mortality in SARS-CoV-2 requiring intubation was lower than 15%, with 80% of patients still requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. cache = ./cache/cord-268211-egy8rgtl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268211-egy8rgtl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283780-h4lwzpl9 author = Zhang, John J Y title = Risk Factors of Severe Disease and Efficacy of Treatment in Patients Infected with COVID-19: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression Analysis date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3118 sentences = 221 flesch = 50 summary = title: Risk Factors of Severe Disease and Efficacy of Treatment in Patients Infected with COVID-19: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression Analysis We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all published studies up to March 15, 2020 which reported COVID-19 clinical features and/or treatment outcomes. To address this gap in the literature, we conducted a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression to 1) investigate the predictive value of laboratory investigations for severe disease and adverse outcomes, and 2) evaluate the efficacy of antivirals and corticosteroids for COVID-19. Among the patients with antiviral use reported in our meta-analysis, overall rates of mortality, ICU admission and ARDS were 5.7%, 11.8% and 20.2%, respectively. Our meta-analysis suggested that the use of corticosteroids is associated with disease severity (ICU admission) and higher ARDS rates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of COVID-19 to describe specific laboratory predictors of severe disease and adverse outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-283780-h4lwzpl9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283780-h4lwzpl9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278993-w5aa0elj author = Tonetti, Tommaso title = Use of critical care resources during the first 2 weeks (February 24–March 8, 2020) of the Covid-19 outbreak in Italy date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3922 sentences = 171 flesch = 44 summary = We retrospectively studied consecutive critically ill patients with confirmed Covid-19 who were referred to the hospitals of the Lombardy, Veneto and Emilia-Romagna regions during the first 2 weeks of the Italian outbreak (February 24March 8, 2020) . The present study describes how the Italian health-care system of three northern Italian regions responded to the increasing need for clinical resources for critically ill patients during the first 14 days of the Covid-19 outbreak through the 28.7% increase in ICU beds and the increasing use of non-invasive respiratory support outside the ICU. Our data show that, compared to patients admitted to the ICU, patients receiving respiratory support outside the ICU were significantly older, had more comorbidities and had a higher PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio and a lower PaCO 2 . cache = ./cache/cord-278993-w5aa0elj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278993-w5aa0elj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286837-j2sqs20q author = Koetsier, Antonie title = Do Intensive Care Data on Respiratory Infections Reflect Influenza Epidemics? date = 2013-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4526 sentences = 210 flesch = 49 summary = METHODS: We calculated the time lag and correlation between ILI incidence (from ILI sentinel surveillance, based on general practitioners (GP) consultations) and percentages of ICU admissions with a respiratory infection (from the Dutch National Intensive Care Registry) over the years 2003–2011. In the season 2009/2010 as well as in the season 2010/2011, ILI incidence as measured by GP sentinel practices, reached the epidemic threshold of 5.1 consultations per 10.000 enlisted patients at a time when already more than 100 patients had been hospitalized, with several ICU admissions and deaths from laboratory confirmed Influenza (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, unpublished surveillance data). In our study we built three additive Poisson GEE regression models with ICU data to predict the incidence of ILI patients, thereby detecting influenza epidemics and aimed at detecting opportunities for enhancing the current national surveillance method. cache = ./cache/cord-286837-j2sqs20q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286837-j2sqs20q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287468-e5h4tmy6 author = Lopez, Alexandre title = Effects of Hydroxychloroquine on Covid-19 in Intensive Care Unit Patients: Preliminary Results date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1978 sentences = 124 flesch = 52 summary = The primary objective of our study was to assess the effects of hydroxychloroquine according to its plasma concentration in ICU patients. reported that hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin was associated with viral load reduction in nasopharyngeal samples in patients after six days of treatment [6] . The Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines on the management of Covid-19 patients concluded there was insufficient evidence to recommend the use of antiviral drugs and hydroxychloroquine in ICU patients [7] . Confirmed Covid-19 patients with acute respiratory failure were included in the study if they completed the criteria: i) age of 18 or older and; ii) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) documented SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal samples upon ICU admission. In conclusion, our results showed that there was no association between the plasma concentration of hydroxychloroquine and the viral and clinical evolution of ICU patients admitted for Covid-19. cache = ./cache/cord-287468-e5h4tmy6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287468-e5h4tmy6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284883-bkydu285 author = Luis Silva, L. title = Brazil Health Care System preparation against COVID-19 date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4500 sentences = 248 flesch = 52 summary = The historic challenges regarding an insufficient number of health professionals, iniquities in the distribution of human resources (10) , low accessibility to emergency care services (11) , and economic issues create additional pressures to be addressed, aiming is to achieve an adequate COVID-19 response. Taking this point into consideration the present work addresses critical aspects regarding the organization of the emergency network system in Brazil, jointly with the spatial expansion of COVID-19 cases within the country, and to highlight where the efforts currently performed in Brazil were capable of coping with the lack of access to emergency care needed to cope COVID-19 consequences. The result suggests that the use of scarce resources needed to put in order ICU beds are not being directed to municipalities lacking access to emergency care services, despite their high levels of COVID-19 incidence. cache = ./cache/cord-284883-bkydu285.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284883-bkydu285.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278838-qraq5aho author = Mirouse, Adrien title = Severe varicella-zoster virus pneumonia: a multicenter cohort study date = 2017-06-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4702 sentences = 261 flesch = 44 summary = Half the patients received mechanical ventilation within 1 (1–2) day following ICU admission (the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (PaO(2)/FiO(2)) = 150 (80–284), 80% with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)). Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score on day 1 (odds ratio (OR) 1.90 (1.33–2.70); p < 0.001), oxygen flow at ICU admission (OR 1.25 (1.08–1.45); p = 0.004), and early bacterial co-infection (OR 14.94 (2.00–111.8); p = 0.009) were independently associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. Results are presented for the imputed data Candidate predictors were: age, any comorbidity, underlying immunosuppression, SOFA score at day 1, oxygen flow at ICU admission, alveolar consolidation on chest X-ray, antibiotics at ICU admission, and early bacterial co-infection CI confidence interval, ICU intensive care unit, OR odds ratio, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment In our study, the overall mortality was 24% and reached 43% in patients who received invasive mechanical ventilation. cache = ./cache/cord-278838-qraq5aho.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278838-qraq5aho.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282958-9bi6pobg author = Ganem, Fabiana title = The impact of early social distancing at COVID-19 Outbreak in the largest Metropolitan Area of Brazil. date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1678 sentences = 103 flesch = 55 summary = To tackle the spread of disease, a range of interventions have been implemented in China, including increasing test capacity, rapid isolation of suspected and confirmed cases and their contacts, social distancing measures, as well as restricting mobility (6) . The first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Brazil was on February 26th in the city of São Paulo and, since March 17th, the state of São Paulo has recommended a series of social distancing measures. Considering the significant expected burden of the COVID-19 pandemic, nonpharmacological interventions are necessary to flatten the epidemic curve and prepare the public response to the shortage of ICU beds and healthcare workers needed to treat critically ill patients (4). We evaluated the impact of early social distancing measures in the transmission of COVID-19 in the SPMA, and projected the number of ICU beds necessary for COVID-19 patients in Brazil. cache = ./cache/cord-282958-9bi6pobg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282958-9bi6pobg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285381-6e9umbpi author = Fort, Daniel title = Locally Informed Modeling to Predict Hospital and Intensive Care Unit Capacity During the COVID-19 Epidemic date = 2020 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2896 sentences = 138 flesch = 47 summary = Methods: We developed a susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model that was adopted from the University of Pennsylvania COVID-19 Hospital Impact Model for Epidemics and employed at 8 hospitals within Ochsner Health, the largest integrated delivery system in Louisiana, between March 16 and April 15, 2020. During the uncertainty of the early phase of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, hospitals and health system leaders faced the urgent task of translating the unknown into forecasting models of acute care, critical care, and ventilator capacity. This report describes the development of a simplified COVID-19 forecasting tool that was derived from the CHIME concepts, demonstrates the validity of our early modeling using real-world hospital census data, and shows how the tool was used to make operational decisions for a large health system in one of the COVID-19 epicenters. Figure 2 displays the follow-up forecast and subsequent observed ICU/ventilator census and expanded bed capacity after real-time hospital data were acquired. cache = ./cache/cord-285381-6e9umbpi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285381-6e9umbpi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277621-mvsdrxzf author = Canavera, Kristin title = Mental Health Care During and After the ICU: A Call to Action date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 982 sentences = 54 flesch = 44 summary = In response, we must be prepared for the possibility that COVID-19 ICU patients and survivors may require intensified mental health care interventions to address PICs. Even prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, our country had an unmet yet important need to improve our provision of mental health care for critically ill patients and ICU survivors. We urge public health experts, hospital administrators, and clinicians to prioritize actions developed to address these mental health care needs both during and after critical illness. Amidst this global pandemic we are facing and the unprecedented surge in ICU admissions, it is likely that mental health clinicians may be providing services to patients or families negatively impacted by critical care during this era of COVID-19. As such, more mental health care clinicians should familiarize themselves with the psychological outcomes of critical illness and receive additional training and education in this realm and/or mentorship. Public health experts, hospitals, and clinicians need to prioritize mental health care both during and after ICU admissions. cache = ./cache/cord-277621-mvsdrxzf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277621-mvsdrxzf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-015021-pol2qm74 author = nan title = Third International Congress on the Immune Consequences of Trauma, Shock and Sepsis —Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches date = 1994 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 162327 sentences = 9379 flesch = 50 summary = It is our current understanding that LPS is responsible for many of the pathophysiological events observed during gramnegative infections and that one of the major mechanisms leading to shock and death is the LPS-induced activation of macrophages resulting in the production and release of lipid and peptide mediators, among which tumor necrosis factor seems to be the most important. However plasma IL-6 estimation revealed a statistically significant reduction at 6 hours in tanrine-treated animals compared to glycino and TW controls ( Objective: To evaluate the effects of allogeneic blood transfusion, thermal injury and bacterial garage on interteukin 4 (IL-4), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) production and host mortality and to study if the administration of thymopentth (THY) could affect these events. cache = ./cache/cord-015021-pol2qm74.txt txt = ./txt/cord-015021-pol2qm74.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277879-7ftu9b9q author = Martinez-Sanz, J. title = Effects of Tocilizumab on Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Multicenter Cohort Study date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4019 sentences = 228 flesch = 47 summary = Propensity score logistic models predicted exposure at baseline and censoring over time as a result of recognized confounders of severe COVID-19 17, 18 including age, gender, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, kidney disease, congestive heart failure, lung disease), oxygen blood saturation and need for oxygen therapy at baseline, and time-varying parameters of clinical severity (blood pressure, heart rate, total lymphocyte and neutrophil count, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, D-dimers, and CRP). . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.08.20125245 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 3 and Table S2 show the adjusted hazard ratios for exploratory sensitivity analyses restricted to patients with baseline lymphocyte count <1000 cell/µl and baseline D-dimer >1000 ng/mL segregated by CRP levels. 14 However, there are key analytical issues in this setting, including the risk of immortal time bias (i.e., the requirement for patients to survive long enough to receive the intervention of interest, which can lead to a potentially incorrect estimation of a positive treatment effect), and indication bias from time-varying confounding (e.g., the use of tocilizumab following elevations of CRP). cache = ./cache/cord-277879-7ftu9b9q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277879-7ftu9b9q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284526-a5kgo4ct author = Gavriilaki, Eleni title = Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Lessons Learned from Coronaviruses date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6004 sentences = 319 flesch = 32 summary = Experience from previous coronaviruses has triggered hypotheses on the role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which are currently being tested in preclinical and clinical studies. Recent evidence suggests that signs and symptoms of severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection resemble the clinical phenotype of endothelial dysfunction and share mutual pathophysiological mechanisms [1] . Experience from previous coronaviruses has triggered studies testing hypotheses on the role of the endothelial dysfunction in patients with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Α high rate of VTE (43%, mainly PE) overall was reported in another series of 150 ICU patients in which patients with COVID-19associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) had higher rates of thrombotic complications compared with non-COVID-19-ARDS [65] . Autoantibodies against human epithelial cells and endothelial cells after severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus infection cache = ./cache/cord-284526-a5kgo4ct.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284526-a5kgo4ct.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284177-otr38534 author = Wax, Randy S. title = Preparing the Intensive Care Unit for Disaster date = 2019-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4581 sentences = 179 flesch = 32 summary = The emergency department (ED) and operating room would typically experience a huge impact in a sudden onset trauma surge (such as a mass casualty shooting), whereas a bioterrorism or pandemic event with a prolonged incubation period may have a greater effect on the intensive care unit (ICU) because of the prolonged need for mechanical ventilation and ICU support for disaster-related patients. Critical care nursing leadership involvement will ensure adequate planning for the required interfaces between the ICU and other areas of the hospital from a patient safety and administrative perspective, including strategies for bed management and patient flow into and out of the ICU. Encouraging the involvement of relevant interprofessional team members in critical care disaster planning can help determine potential limitations in services during a disaster, suggest mitigation strategies to minimize the impact of a surge in demand for their expertise, and propose educational strategies to use other health care staff and even family members to assist as extenders with less frequent available input from these health care professionals. cache = ./cache/cord-284177-otr38534.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284177-otr38534.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285291-pep4opiq author = Remy, Kenneth E. title = Caring for Critically Ill Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a PICU: Recommendations by Dual Trained Intensivists* date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7168 sentences = 423 flesch = 41 summary = T he worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has already resulted in critical care demands overwhelming resources in nations such as Italy (1) . Prone positioning for at least 12 hours daily in adults with severe ARDS may increase ventilator-free days, reduce in-hospital mortality, and reduce the need for rescue therapies like inhaled nitric oxide and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (16, (65) (66) (67) (68) . Nonpharmacologic approaches to these modifiable risk factors include frequent environmental reorientation, cognitive stimulation, minimizing sleep interruptions, engaging familiar visitors, limiting use of sedative medications, and scheduled sedation "holidays." These strategies have consistently shown improved clinical outcomes in critically ill patients and are now considered standard of care (117) . EPVent-2 Study Group: Effect of titrating positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) with an esophageal pressure-guided strategy vs an empirical high PEEP-FIO 2 strategy on death and days free from mechanical ventilation among patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: A randomized clinical trial cache = ./cache/cord-285291-pep4opiq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285291-pep4opiq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284417-pmn6ll1q author = Mulet Bayona, Juan V. title = Characteristics and Management of Candidaemia Episodes in an Established Candida auris Outbreak date = 2020-08-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4238 sentences = 206 flesch = 47 summary = An increase in the prevalence of Candida bloodstream infections (candidaemia) and a shift in the epidemiology have been observed in recent years, especially since the emergence of the multidrug-resistant yeast Candida auris [1] . This yeast is considered a growing menace to global health for several reasons, which include its resistance to multiple commonly used antifungals, its problematic identification in the laboratory and its facility to spread among patients, causing nosocomial outbreaks, especially in intensive care units (ICU) [4] . Secondly, we analyse the evolution in the Candida species distribution causing candidaemia in our setting since 2011 and the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of all patients diagnosed with C. These infection control practices include the strict isolation/cohorting of cases, decolonisation with chlorhexidine, regular environmental cleaning and the implementation of screening colonisation studies in the high-risk hospital environments such as the ICU. cache = ./cache/cord-284417-pmn6ll1q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284417-pmn6ll1q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287102-o19uwryp author = Amit, Moran title = Clinical Course and Outcomes of Severe Covid-19: A National Scale Study date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4182 sentences = 204 flesch = 52 summary = The factors associated with outcomes of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) who required treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU) are yet to be determined. The recorded data included the following: age, sex, medical comorbidities (i.e., smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, chronic heart failure, cancer, chronic kidney disease, immunosuppression, cirrhosis, and dementia), medication history, vital signs, chest X-rays, laboratory studies on admission to the ICU, anti-Covid-19 pharmacological therapy in the ICU (antimalarials, antivirals, anti-inflammatories, and plasma from recovered patients), respiratory support method (invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation and oxygen mask), renal replacement therapy, nutrition methods (enteral and total parenteral nutrition), the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), complications, and outcome. In this nation-based registry study of critically ill patients with Covid-19 who were admitted to ICUs in Israel, the majority of patients were 55 years and older men, and a large proportion required mechanical ventilation. cache = ./cache/cord-287102-o19uwryp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287102-o19uwryp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005814-ak5pq312 author = nan title = 8th European Congress of Intensive Care Medicine Athens - Greece, October 18–22, 1995 Abstracts date = 1995 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 179164 sentences = 12028 flesch = 56 summary = Results: In 5 patients with treated SS, 16 tests were performed (VL n=8; Dobu n=4; NA n=4 Method: Septic shock was defined as severe sepsis with either persistent hypotension (mean arterial pressure; MAP<70 mmHg) or the requirement for a noradrenaline (NA) infusion ~> 0.1 ~g/kg/min with a MAP _< 90mmHg. Cardiovascular support was limited to NA + dobutamine (DB), 546C88 was administered for up to 8 h at a fixed dose-rate of either i, 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg/h iv. Methods: Fourteen cases were s~udied,their gestational age ranged from(27-32)ws.Continnous positive air way pressure was applied to six cases at Peep level from (3-6)cm H2o through nasal pronge,(group I),the other 8 cases were managed as routine,(group II).Blood gases, TcPO2,TcCo2,resp.rate,depth and pattern were monitored for assessment of tissue Oxygenation and ventilation, Results: Our rasults showed that early application of CPAP improve ventilation among (83.3%)of cases,while (16.7%)of cases need IMV.The cases of group II need IMV among (75%)of the studied cases during the second or the third day of life. cache = ./cache/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288222-8fqfbys2 author = Hardy, Michaël title = Prothrombotic Disturbances of Hemostasis of Patients with Severe COVID-19: a Prospective Longitudinal Observational Study date = 2020-10-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1198 sentences = 69 flesch = 47 summary = The aim of this prospective study was therefore to describe the longitudinal changes in hemostasis parameters assessed daily in 21 COVID-19 patients during their intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Our main findings were that (i) daily standard measurements consistent with a prothrombotic state persisted over the first days and improved thereafter, but did not normalize in all patients; (ii) increased thrombin potential (hypercoagulability) and decreased fibrinolysis were frequent and (iii) a high inter-patient variability was observed. Patients initially were in a high inflammatory state (median CRP levels of 204 mg/dL during the first ten days after ICU admission); CRP levels progressively decreased over time thereafter. In light of these results and of the current knowledge on hemostasis disturbances of COVID-19 patients, we suggest that a close monitoring of a sensible set hemostatic parameters would be useful to assess individual thrombotic risk. cache = ./cache/cord-288222-8fqfbys2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288222-8fqfbys2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287333-h89tmi0w author = Sanfilippo, Filippo title = The importance of a “socially responsible” approach during COVID-19: the invisible heroes of science in Italy date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 570 sentences = 44 flesch = 48 summary = title: The importance of a "socially responsible" approach during COVID-19: the invisible heroes of science in Italy The importance of a "socially responsible" approach during COVID-19: the invisible heroes of science in Italy Filippo Sanfilippo 1* , Elena Bignami 2 , Ferdinando Luca Lorini 3 and Marinella Astuto 1 We summarize the "socially responsible" approach of our ICU community in three key points. In summary, Italian ICU physicians avoided "compulsory public notoriety," behaving as "invisible heroes of science." Unfortunately, the same has not happened in other disciplines with compulsory appearance on TV, social media, and newspapers by physicians with low h-index, predatory publication attitude, and no experience in coronavirus delivering highly misleading and scientifically unsupported information. A "socially responsible" approach to public information should be implemented to all fields involved in COVID-19, and the one delivered by the Italian ICU "invisible heroes" should be a leading worldwide example for other disciplines and countries. cache = ./cache/cord-287333-h89tmi0w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287333-h89tmi0w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287132-ellr5l4z author = Reif, Sarah Jordan title = A pilot volunteer reader programme decreases delirium days in critically ill, adult ICU patients date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1570 sentences = 101 flesch = 52 summary = title: A pilot volunteer reader programme decreases delirium days in critically ill, adult ICU patients Delirium, a form of acute brain dysfunction presenting as altered mental status, and impairment of memory, emotion, thinking, perception and behaviour 1 develops over hours to days 2 and is seen in 20%-80% 1 3 of adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients, depending on the diagnostic method and severity of illness. We hypothesised that a programme of interaction-reading to critically ill ICU patients on a daily basis-might decrease delirium days. The ICU Reader Programme was born as a service project, using volunteers, in which we hoped to identify a decrease in delirium days-the 'signal'-that would prove our hypothesis. Delirium was diagnosed using the 2014 updated version of the Confusion Assessment Method-ICU (CAM-ICU) scoring system, [11] [12] [13] shown to tightly correlate with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 delirium diagnosis. An ICU Reader Programme appears to decrease risk for, and duration of, delirium in adult ICU patients. cache = ./cache/cord-287132-ellr5l4z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287132-ellr5l4z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289188-hf9sh9vs author = Salazar, M. R. title = EFFECT OF CONVALESCENT PLASMA ON MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 PNEUMONIA date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3044 sentences = 192 flesch = 47 summary = Logistic regression analysis identified age, ICU admission with and without MV requirement, diabetes and preexistent cardiovascular disease as independent predictors of 28-day mortality, whereas convalescent plasma administration acted as a protective factor. Conclusions Our study suggests that the administration of convalescent plasma in COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to the hospital might be associated with decreased mortality. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.08.20202606 doi: medRxiv preprint administered early in the course of COVID-19 [14] [15] .Convalescent plasma is currently being evaluated in 126 clinical trials [16] . Accordingly, the objective of the present study is to compare the epidemiological characteristics, outcomes and independent predictors of mortality among patients who received convalescent plasma and those who did not receive it, who were admitted to hospitals in Buenos Aires Province for COVID-19 throughout the pandemic. The main finding of our study was that the administration of convalescent plasma to patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was associated with a decrease of 24.4% in adjusted mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-289188-hf9sh9vs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289188-hf9sh9vs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289304-9srk0ohb author = Bagnato, Sergio title = Critical illness myopathy after COVID-19 date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1723 sentences = 98 flesch = 48 summary = We describe a patient who developed diffuse and symmetrical muscle weakness after a long stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We describe a patient who developed diffuse and symmetrical muscle weakness after a long stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) due to coronavirus disease 2019 . The patient underwent a neurophysiological protocol, including nerve conduction studies, concentric needle electromyography (EMG) of the proximal and distal muscles, and direct muscle stimulation (DMS). In this report, we describe neurophysiological findings from a patient who developed severe muscular weakness, likely due to CIM, after hospitalization for COVID-19. The patient described here had myopathy, with greater involvement of the proximal muscles in the lower limbs, probably reflecting ICU-acquired weakness. Since rehabilitation programs can be effective to reverse muscle weakness caused by CIM, health systems must plan to provide adequate access to rehabilitative facilities for patients requiring both pulmonary and motor rehabilitative treatment after COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-289304-9srk0ohb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289304-9srk0ohb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290140-mmbzxz06 author = Lord, Heidi title = Effective communication is key to ICU nurses willingness to provide nursing care amidst the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2982 sentences = 148 flesch = 50 summary = METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study to explore ICU nurses' willingness to provide care during the COVID-19 pandemic was undertaken between 25 March to 3 April 2020 at a large principal and referral teaching hospital in Sydney, NSW Australia. This prospective cross-sectional study design to explore ICU nurses' willingness to provide nursing care during the COVID-19 pandemic was undertaken at a large principal and referral teaching hospital in Sydney, NSW Australia. Information collected in the questionnaire included: (1) demographic data (age, gender, employment status, and length of time worked as a registered nurse and in the ICU, (2) willingness to work in ICU during the pandemic (1 item) (3) knowledge about COVID-19 (4 items), (4) communication from managers about COVID-19 (2 items), (5) preparedness of the ICU (2 items) and (6) personal concerns about COVID-19 (1 item). Only scores for knowledge of the COVID-19 pandemic, communication from managers, preparedness of the ICU and personal concerns scores were included in a standard multiple linear regression analysis to determine the predictors of willingness to provide nursing care. cache = ./cache/cord-290140-mmbzxz06.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290140-mmbzxz06.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287628-lzqsh3jf author = Gomersall, Charles D. title = Transmission of SARS to healthcare workers. The experience of a Hong Kong ICU date = 2006-02-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2608 sentences = 151 flesch = 58 summary = CONCLUSIONS: In an ICU in which infection control procedures are rigorously applied, the risk to staff of contracting SARS from patients is low, despite long staff exposure times and a sub-standard physical environment. Conclusions: In an ICU in which infection control procedures are rigorously applied, the risk to staff of contracting SARS from patients is low, despite long staff If our protective measures were effective when fully developed and rigorously applied, then the logical con-clusion is that intensive care units should have strategies in place to prevent infection of healthcare workers; all staff should be fully aware of the procedures and be fully trained in the use of protective equipment. In summary, our data indicate that, with infection control measures, the risk to ICU healthcare workers of acquiring SARS is low, despite prolonged exposure to patients with SARS. cache = ./cache/cord-287628-lzqsh3jf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287628-lzqsh3jf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288580-onzzpkye author = HALAÇLI, Burçin title = Critically ill COVID-19 patient date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3805 sentences = 208 flesch = 46 summary = This pandemic is accepted as a viral pneumonia pandemic not a simple flu, therefore, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, follow-up, and management of the critically ill patients with COVID-19 is extremely important. HFNO therapy and NIMV support may be applied in selected hypoxemic respiratory failure cases with proper PPE because of high risk of aerosol generation. However, these patients should be followed closely in terms of clinical deterioration, if no positive response is obtained in the first few hours (refractory hypoxemia, tachypnoea, tidal volume (Vt) > 9 mL/kg meaning increased minute ventilation and work of breathing). In the light of the data obtained from COVID-19 pandemic and hospital follow-up of these critically ill patients, the needfulness of intensive care units with well-organized structure and trained HCW, has emerged once again. Expert consensus on preventing nosocomial transmission during respiratory care for critically ill patients infected by 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia cache = ./cache/cord-288580-onzzpkye.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288580-onzzpkye.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294591-793ywpcd author = Hu, Xiaoyun title = Self-Reported Use of Personal Protective Equipment among Chinese Critical Care Clinicians during 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic date = 2012-09-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3618 sentences = 169 flesch = 40 summary = This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported behaviors, and barriers to compliance with the use of PPE among ICU healthcare workers (HCWs) during the pandemic influenza. As the second part of the above survey, we wish to evaluate the self-reported compliance to the use of PPE during the current influenza pandemic among critical care clinicians in Chinese ICUs, as well as independent predictors of the compliance. In this survey of Chinese critical care clinicians, only 55% of respondents reported high compliance (.80%) to recommended PPE use, consistent with other relevant studies [16, 19] . Despite the lack of data validating such concept with regards to 2009 H1N1 influenza in ICU, studies did suggest that implementation of protocoled care and/or educational program, by addressing knowledge, attitude, and behavioral barriers, might significantly reduce catheter-related bloodstream infection [31] , and improve mortality in patients with severe sepsis [32] . Only 55% of Chinese critical care clinicians reported high compliance to PPE use during pandemic influenza, putting HCWs and their patients at risk. cache = ./cache/cord-294591-793ywpcd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294591-793ywpcd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022501-9wnmdvg5 author = nan title = P1460 – P1884 date = 2015-12-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 128256 sentences = 7808 flesch = 51 summary = Methods: Using published data on (1) the prevalence of MRSA and other bacterial pathogens causing cSSSI in the US, (2) the in-vitro susceptibility rates of commonly used regimens in cSSSI in the US in relation to the most pervasive pathogens identified above, and (3) estimated costs of failure of initial, empiric treatment from a recent study of a large US multi-hospital database, we developed a model to predict the expected clinical and economic impact of increasing prevalence of MRSA. Small outbreaks of VEB-1 ESBL producing Acinetobacter baumannii in Belgian nursing homes and hospitals through cross-border transfer of patients from northern France Methods: From 01/04 to 03/05, all Belgian acute hospitals were invited to report cases of nosocomial infections/colonisations due to MDR Ab isolates presenting a resistance profile similar to the French epidemic strain (resistance to all agents except carbapenems and colistin) and to send such isolates to the reference laboratory for phenotypic confirmation and for genotypic characterization (PCR of VEB-1 and class 1 Integron, PFGE typing). cache = ./cache/cord-022501-9wnmdvg5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022501-9wnmdvg5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290658-r2bqqovo author = Qian, Hao title = Myocardial Injury on Admission as a Risk in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: a Retrospective in-ICU Study date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3550 sentences = 197 flesch = 44 summary = OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, clinical presentation, cardiovascular (CV) complications and mortality risk of myocardial injury on admission in critically ill ICU inpatients with COVID-19. We conducted a retrospective study of data from 77 patients admitted to a newly constructed ICU in Wuhan, compared patients with and without myocardial injury, detailed the relationship of myocardial injury with the survival rate and CV outcomes, and presented the following conclusions: 1) Myocardial injury is a common complication in critically ill COVID-19 patients; 2) Additionally, we further compared the mortality and time from ICU admission to death between the myocardial injury and non-myocardial injury patients, which suggested the predictive value of co-existing myocardial injury on admission as a high-risk factor in critically ill patients with COVID-19 in this study. cache = ./cache/cord-290658-r2bqqovo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290658-r2bqqovo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291742-donflx7w author = Khan, Raymond M. title = Implementing the comprehensive unit-based safety program model to improve the management of mechanically ventilated patients in Saudi Arabia date = 2018-09-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4440 sentences = 223 flesch = 44 summary = We joined the Johns Hopkins Armstrong Institute Comprehensive Unit-Based Safety Program for Mechanically Ventilated Patients and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (CUSP 4 MVP-VAP) project in October 2015 with the objective of improving the care delivery process and reducing the mortality of our mechanically ventilated patients. The implementation of each care process bundle element, along with the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) score and the maximum level of mobility for that day were recorded on a standard data collection form and entered into the Johns Hopkins Armstrong Institute database, which generated a compliance rate for our hospital. In our study the implementation of the multifaceted CUSP 4-MVP VAP approach resulted in an increase in SAT (51.5%-76.9%, P = .0008) and SBT (54.2%-72.2%, P = .02) compliance; an increase in the number of mechanically ventilated patients without sedation (36.1%-50.9%, P = .06); and a decrease in IVACs (4.2-3.5 per 1,000 MV days), PVAP (2.1-1.7 per 1,000 MV days), ICU mortality rates (45.3%-19.1%, P = .045), and VAE mortality rates (33.3%-8.3%, P < .37). cache = ./cache/cord-291742-donflx7w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291742-donflx7w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291421-mrm9paiq author = Meijer, Eelco F. J. title = Azole-Resistant COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis in an Immunocompetent Host: A Case Report date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3106 sentences = 173 flesch = 44 summary = COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is a recently described disease entity affecting patients with severe pulmonary abnormalities treated in intensive care units. COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is a recently described disease entity affecting patients in intensive care unit (ICUs) with severe pulmonary abnormalities. We present the first case of azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in a SARS-CoV-2-positive immunocompetent patient admitted to the ICU. A prospective comparison of galactomannan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for the diagnosis of pulmonary invasive aspergillosis in medical patients under intensive care: Comparison with the diagnostic performance of galactomannan and of (1→3)-β-d-glucan chromogenic assay in serum samples Aspergillus-specific lateral-flow device and real-time PCR testing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: A combination biomarker approach for clinical diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis Performance of galactomannan, 1,3-β-d-glucan, Aspergillus lateral-flow device, conventional culture, and PCR tests with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis cache = ./cache/cord-291421-mrm9paiq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291421-mrm9paiq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291955-mlju5f9u author = Haas, Lenneke E. M. title = Should we deny ICU admission to the elderly? Ethical considerations in times of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1205 sentences = 72 flesch = 61 summary = The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic leads to severe shortages of intensive care unit (ICU) facilities in many countries. In this article, we discuss the use of age as a criterion for ICU treatment in times of scarce ICU capacity by contrasting it with deciding under normal conditions. It is proxy for the medical condition of the patient, and advanced age is clearly a factor that should be weighed together with other risk factors for a poor outcome of ICU treatment. Elderly patients admitted to the ICU with COVID-19 are at increased risk of death [7, 8] . Although we need more robust data about short-and long-term outcomes of elderly patients admitted to the ICU because of COVID-19, the mortality rates reported up to now are 40 to 80% [7, 9] . It cannot be justified to withhold ICU admission for all patients above a certain age. cache = ./cache/cord-291955-mlju5f9u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291955-mlju5f9u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289550-b8f4a7o3 author = Neuwirth, C. title = Investigating duration and intensity of Covid-19 social-distancing strategies date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3867 sentences = 229 flesch = 52 summary = Meanwhile, most countries apply social distancing with the objective to keep the number of critical cases below the capabilities of the health care system. In this study, we present a model-based systems analysis to assess the effectiveness of social distancing measures in terms of intensity and duration of application. 30 Specific objectives of this research are: 1) to investigate the effectiveness of contact 31 reduction policies with respect to intensity and duration and 2) to estimate the amount 32 of time to establish herd immunity by considering the national health care systems of 33 Austria and Sweden, which are very different in terms of critical care capabilities. If the use of 220 mitigation interventions is well balanced against capability limits, the time required to 221 establish herd immunity linearly scales with available capabilities of the health care 222 system (defined by the number of ICU beds in the simulation). cache = ./cache/cord-289550-b8f4a7o3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289550-b8f4a7o3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292474-dmgd99d6 author = Berardi, Giammauro title = Continuing our work: transplant surgery and surgical oncology in a tertiary referral COVID-19 center date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4605 sentences = 222 flesch = 43 summary = As the Italian National Institute for the Infectious Diseases, we have hospitalized the first Italian COVID-19 patients and since then, our general surgery department had to face this reality [16] . Pancreatic resections, total gastrectomies, major hepatectomies, and multivisceral resections as well as liver and kidney transplantations were considered as the high-risk surgical procedures because of the increased likelihood of postoperative ICU admission. On January 31, 2020 (Day 0), the first two COVID-19-positive patients in Italy were admitted to the department of infectious diseases of our hospital with mild fever and atypical pneumonia requiring no invasive treatment. Considering only the transplantations and the operations performed for cancer, patients in the second period had fewer comorbidities, lower ASA score, CCI, and RCRI, being overall at lower risk of postoperative ICU admission (Table 3) . As an institutional policy, our transplant center remained opened and we decided to continue with our standard surgical oncology activity, improving selection of patients to limit the need for postoperative intensive care management. cache = ./cache/cord-292474-dmgd99d6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292474-dmgd99d6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292856-7hjzzxtm author = Viasus, Diego title = Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09-related pneumonia and other complications date = 2012-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4215 sentences = 294 flesch = 34 summary = The main complications reported in hospitalized adults with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 were pneumonia (primary influenza pneumonia and concomitant/secondary bacterial pneumonia), exacerbations of chronic pulmonary diseases (mainly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma), the need for intensive unit care admission (including mechanical ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome and septic shock), nosocomial infections and acute cardiac events. The main complications reported in hospitalized adults with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 were pneumonia (primary influenza pneumonia and concomitant/secondary bacterial pneumonia), exacerbations of chronic pulmonary diseases (mainly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma), the need for intensive unit care admission (including mechanical ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome and septic shock), nosocomial infections and acute cardiac events. 6, 34, 35 Chronic pulmonary diseases, mainly COPD and asthma, are frequent comorbidities reported in hospitalized patients with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. cache = ./cache/cord-292856-7hjzzxtm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292856-7hjzzxtm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290326-umv0q4d7 author = Stachowska, Ewa title = Nutritional Support in Coronavirus 2019 Disease date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5115 sentences = 241 flesch = 40 summary = Consequently, due to lack of specific COVID-19 data, the recommendations in our review are based on viral and bacterial pneumonia studies, as well as recommendations made for critically ill patients. Nutritional treatment for critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (especially in case of respiratory and multiorgan failure) [22] is a key element of comprehensive treatment aimed to reduce the mortality. American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) criteria for increased risk for aspiration are: inability to protect the airway, mechanical ventilation, age > 70 years, reduced level of consciousness, poor oral care, inadequate nurse: patient ratio, supine positioning, neurologic deficits, gastroesophageal reflux, transport out of the ICU, and use of bolus intermittent EN. Poor nutritional status is a prognostic factor for mortality in severe pneumonia and critical illness, especially for elderly patients. ESPEN and ASPEN guidelines for nutritional support in critical illness are applicable for COVID-19 patients requiring ICU support. cache = ./cache/cord-290326-umv0q4d7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290326-umv0q4d7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293552-k3wvvnmd author = Yifan, Tang title = Symptom Cluster of ICU nurses treating COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Wuhan, China date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 947 sentences = 63 flesch = 50 summary = title: Symptom Cluster of ICU nurses treating COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Wuhan, China Abstract Objective In treating highly infectious COVID-19 pneumonia, ICU nurses face a high risk of developing somatic symptom disorder (SSD). The present study aims to investigate the symptoms and causes of SSD of ICU nurses treating COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods This study enrolled a total of 140 ICU nurses who were selected by Jiangsu Province Hospital to work in Wuhan (the epicenter of the COVID-19 epidemic in China) on 3rd February 2020. A questionnaire "Somatic Symptom Disorders for ICU Nurses in Wuhan No.1 Hospital" was designed based on the "International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health" (ICF). In exploratory factor analysis, the symptoms were classified into three clusters: Cluster A of breathing and sleep disturbances (dizziness, sleepiness, dyspnea); Cluster B of gastrointestinal complaints and pain (nausea, headache), and Cluster C of general symptoms (xerostomia, fatigue, chest-discomfort-and-palpitation). cache = ./cache/cord-293552-k3wvvnmd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293552-k3wvvnmd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291481-ov1gkgpc author = Bonizzoli, Manuela title = Human herpesviruses respiratory infections in patients with acute respiratory distress (ARDS) date = 2016-05-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4998 sentences = 249 flesch = 45 summary = In patients requiring mechanical ventilation, herpesviruses, mainly HSV1 and hCMV, may be frequently detected from either upper or lower respiratory tract Abstract Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is today a leading cause of hospitalization in intensive care unit (ICU). A higher ICU mortality was significantly related to the presence of herpesvirus infection in the lower respiratory tract as well as to impaired immunophenotype, as patients with poor outcome showed severe lymphopenia, affecting in particular T (CD3+) cells, since the first days of ICU hospitalization. One hundred and eight clinical samples from upper and lower respiratory tract from the 54 ICU patients were analyzed to detect influenza and other respiratory viruses and a group of herpesviruses (EBV, hCMV and HSV1). This report concerns a group of 54 patients admitted to ICU because of ARDS with unknown causative agent; 19 of them were infected by influenza virus, as demonstrated by the detection of viral RNA in both upper and lower respiratory tract samples. cache = ./cache/cord-291481-ov1gkgpc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291481-ov1gkgpc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290460-d5e6y2r8 author = Knighton, Andrew J. title = Multi-factorial barriers and facilitators to high adherence to lung-protective ventilation using a computerized protocol: a mixed methods study date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6498 sentences = 296 flesch = 41 summary = We analyzed 47 key informant interviews of ICU physicians, respiratory therapists (RTs), and nurses in 3 of the ICUs using a qualitative content analysis paradigm to investigate site variation as defined by adherence level (low, medium, high) and to identify barriers and facilitators to LPV and LPV CDS tool use. We developed an interview guide using a deductive, multi-method approach: a scoping review [21] [22] [23] [24] to examine the barriers and facilitators to the use of LPV and the LPV CDS tool and interventions to improve adherence; a technical expert panel that included 4 critical care physicians, 2 hospitalists/health services researchers, 2 ICU nurse managers, 1 emergency department (ED) physician, 1 respiratory therapist (RT), and 1 implementation scientist, to identify already known or suspected barriers to implementation (simultaneous triangulation) [25] ; and categorization and summary of findings according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) [26, 27] by two experienced implementation scientists (AK, RS). cache = ./cache/cord-290460-d5e6y2r8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290460-d5e6y2r8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293093-cq43592t author = Ismaeil, Taha title = Survival of mechanically ventilated patients admitted to intensive care units: Results from a tertiary care center between 2016-2018 date = 2019-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3685 sentences = 168 flesch = 39 summary = OBJECTIVES: To estimate the survival of adult and pediatric patients receiving mechanical ventilation and determine the associated risk factors METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was carried out in the intensive care unit (ICU) at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) and King Abdullah Children's Specialist Hospital (KACSH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [1] [2] [3] Thus, many observational studies have examined the use of mechanical ventilation and its associated outcomes, some of which have focused on estimating the mortality rate and identifying the factors related to the survival of patients who received mechanical ventilation. 8, 10 In Saudi Arabia, many studies have examined the mortality outcome of patients admitted to ICUs; however, some of those studies have evaluated the outcome of patients receiving mechanical ventilation for specific indications, such as with severe respiratory conditions, 11, 12 or have focused on a specific population such as that with a hematological malignancy. cache = ./cache/cord-293093-cq43592t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293093-cq43592t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292273-xu9pb9ul author = Guillamet, C. V. title = TOWARD A COVID-19 SCORE-RISK ASSESSMENTS AND REGISTRY date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3737 sentences = 223 flesch = 52 summary = Main Outcomes TACS was created with 16 readily available predictive variables for risk assessment of hospital mortality 24 hours after ICU Admission and the need for prolonged assisted mechanical ventilation (PAMV) ( >>96 hours) at 24and 48-hours post ICU admission. SOFA scores for triage in a COVID-19 pandemic may then not discriminate who would benefit from intubation and only be useful late in a patient's course, after they have received multiple days or weeks of mechanical ventilation. TACS achieved an Area Under the Curve (AUC) for predicting hospital mortality after 24 hours of ICU treatment of 0.80 in the development dataset; 0.81 in the internal validation dataset. We also performed an external validation of the TACS 24-hour mortality model on 1,1175 ICU patients to Washington University/BJH treated between 2016-19. We have developed an initial model of a respiratory oriented Toward a COVID 19 Score designed to be useful in possible triage decisions and to compare outcomes from various treatment approaches in the current pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-292273-xu9pb9ul.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292273-xu9pb9ul.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297327-19dfgfz6 author = Drożdżal, Sylwester title = COVID-19: Pain Management in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection—Molecular Mechanisms, Challenges, and Perspectives date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5672 sentences = 319 flesch = 41 summary = Many patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection will suffer from severe pain and require reliable pain assessment to provide adequate analgesia, often with multiple drugs, including opioids, nonPutative mechanisms of myalgia and headache during viral infection. Many patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection will suffer from severe pain and require reliable pain assessment to provide adequate analgesia, often with multiple drugs, including opioids, non-steroidal inflammatory drugs or analgosedation [52] . Recently, concerns about the possible higher frequency of adverse effects and exacerbation of symptoms of viral respiratory tract infections, such as COVID-19, in patients treated with NSAIDs have been raised [67] . There are reports of a significantly higher use of opioids because of sedation requirements during respiratory failure caused by SARS-CoV-2, which highlights the importance of undertaking a study aiming to determine efficacious and safe procedures of pain management in patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-297327-19dfgfz6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297327-19dfgfz6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291886-phl8kh3f author = Anthi, Anastasia title = A Severe COVID-19 Case Complicated by Right Atrium Thrombus date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1981 sentences = 114 flesch = 37 summary = Patient: Male, 73-year-old Final Diagnosis: Severe COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by right atrium thrombus Symptoms: Fever • dyspnea • cough Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Critical Care Medicine OBJECTIVE: Educational purpose BACKGROUND: Recent studies demonstrated evidence of coagulation dysfunction in hospitalized patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to excessive inflammation, hypoxia, platelet activation, endothelial dysfunction, and stasis. CONCLUSIONS: The presented COVID-19 case, one of the first reported cases with evidence of right heart thrombus by transesophageal echocardiography, highlights the central role of diagnostic imaging strategies and the importance of adequate anticoagulation therapy in the management of severe COVID-19 cases in the ICU. We report our experience to highlight the crucial role of efficient anticoagulation therapy in the management of severe COVID-19 cases requiring ICU admission; the importance of diagnostic imaging strategies, including transesophageal echocardiography, is also emphasized. cache = ./cache/cord-291886-phl8kh3f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291886-phl8kh3f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291434-oktu3ieq author = Krishna, Lalit Kumar Radha title = The role of palliative medicine in ICU bed allocation in COVID-19: a joint position statement of the Singapore Hospice Council and the Chapter of Palliative Medicine Physicians date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1540 sentences = 82 flesch = 47 summary = Facing the possibility of a surge of COVID-19-infected patients requiring ventilatory support in Intensive Care Units (ICU), the Singapore Hospice Council and the Chapter of Palliative Medicine Physicians forward its position on the guiding principles that ought to drive the allocation of ICU beds and its role in care of these patients and their families. Involvement of PM physicians in triaging patients for ventilated ICU beds (British Medical Association 2020) should be led by clear ethical and practical considerations. This will facilitate clear communication with the public regarding the practical and ethical issues surrounding allocation of scarce ICU resources and attenuate concerns about discrimination against minority groups, boost trust in the public healthcare system, facilitate transparent, accountable and evidence-based decision making, and build solidarity within the community. In addition the PM team must be involved in supporting healthcare professionals in the ICU and those caring for patients not been allocated ICU beds. For patients not allocated ICU beds, PM physicians and MSWs should be involved immediately to support the patient's and their family's needs. cache = ./cache/cord-291434-oktu3ieq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291434-oktu3ieq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295287-j3gm9vpz author = Michard, Frédéric title = Haemodynamic Monitoring and Management in COVID-19 Intensive Care Patients: An International Survey date = 2020-08-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2873 sentences = 162 flesch = 44 summary = CONCLUSION: Our survey confirms that vasopressor support is not uncommon in COVID-19 ICU patients and suggests that different cardiac function phenotypes may be observed. Despite these pathophysiological considerations, large observational studies published so far focused on lung injury [11] , mentioned myocardial injury and arrhythmia as possible complications [12] , but did not report much information about the haemodynamic status and management of critically ill COVID-19 patients. An electronic survey was designed to investigate current haemodynamic monitoring and management practices in COVID-19 ICU patients, as well as alignment with recent guidelines. From a monitoring standpoint, SvO2 was reported to be frequently measured from central venous catheters, and ultrasounds were reported to be widely used, not only to assess cardiac function but also to predict fluid responsiveness and to assess pulmonary oedema. Many respondents used echo not only to assess biventricular function but also to measure cardiac output, to predict fluid responsiveness and to detect lung B lines. cache = ./cache/cord-295287-j3gm9vpz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295287-j3gm9vpz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297062-dmiplvt2 author = Almekhlafi, Ghaleb A. title = Presentation and outcome of Middle East respiratory syndrome in Saudi intensive care unit patients date = 2016-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4407 sentences = 228 flesch = 47 summary = authors: Almekhlafi, Ghaleb A.; Albarrak, Mohammed M.; Mandourah, Yasser; Hassan, Sahar; Alwan, Abid; Abudayah, Abdullah; Altayyar, Sultan; Mustafa, Mohamed; Aldaghestani, Tareef; Alghamedi, Adnan; Talag, Ali; Malik, Muhammad K.; Omrani, Ali S.; Sakr, Yasser BACKGROUND: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection is associated with high mortality rates but limited clinical data have been reported. We describe the clinical features and outcomes of patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of data from all adult (>18 years old) patients admitted to our 20-bed mixed ICU with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection between October 1, 2012 and May 31, 2014. We performed a retrospective study to describe the clinical features and outcomes of patients admitted to our ICU with laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV infection. This report describes the clinical features and outcomes of 31critically ill patients with confirmed Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. cache = ./cache/cord-297062-dmiplvt2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297062-dmiplvt2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289973-1mczuxsy author = Biran, Noa title = Tocilizumab among patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit: a multicentre observational study date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5218 sentences = 271 flesch = 41 summary = 14 Understanding the limitations of observational studies, but with the urgency to assess potential therapeutic approaches, the 13 hospitals within the Hackensack Meridian Health network (NJ, USA) considered offlabel use of tocilizumab in patients with severe SARSCoV2 infection who required intensive care unit (ICU) support. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models were fitted to estimate the associ ation between tocilizumab use and overall survival, using clini cally likely confounders including age, gender, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma, hypertension, cancer, renal failure, obesity, oxygena tion less than 94%, quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score, use of steroids, Creactive protein 15 mg/dL or higher, and intubation or mech anical ven tilator support. Propensity score-matched patients (n=630)* First, we calculated a propensity score of receiv ing tocilizumab treatment for each patient using multi variable logistic regression with the confounders age, gender, diabetes, COPD or asthma, hypertension, cancer, renal failure, obesity, oxygenation less than 94%, qSOFA score, use of steroids, Creactive protein 15 mg/dL or higher, and intubation or mechanical ventilator support. cache = ./cache/cord-289973-1mczuxsy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289973-1mczuxsy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294992-p50jdpt7 author = Levy, Yael title = Unexpected benefits of the COVID challenge: When critically ill adult patients are managed in a pediatric PACU date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 723 sentences = 51 flesch = 47 summary = title: Unexpected benefits of the COVID challenge: When critically ill adult patients are managed in a pediatric PACU As surgical procedures were restricted to emergency cases, we decided to locate the temporary COVID-ICU in the pediatric postanesthesia care unit (PACU). One of our physicians had worked for five years in adult critical care before joining the pediatric anesthesia team: She gathered resources from several adult ICUs, and coordinated the redaction of medical and paramedical protocols for our team. In addition, doctors were encouraged to use the online resources dedicated to COVID management: webinars, MOOCs…, etc A daily teleconference was held to exchange information, provide medical advice, and discuss cases between the different ICUs of Paris. Managing critically ill COVID-19-infected adults was medically and scientifically challenging for our pediatric team. Unexpected benefits of the COVID challenge: When critically ill adult patients are managed in a pediatric PACU | 959 cache = ./cache/cord-294992-p50jdpt7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294992-p50jdpt7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297682-knd6avhu author = Mulpuru, Sunita title = Hospital Resource Utilization and Patient Outcomes Associated with Respiratory Viral Testing in Hospitalized Patients date = 2015-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3393 sentences = 148 flesch = 39 summary = As a result, infection control practices, including strict hand hygiene, viral testing of patient samples, and use of isolation precautions, quarantine rooms, and personal protective equipment, were mandated for routine use with all patients who sought treatment at emergency departments (EDs) with respiratory symptoms and fever (7, 8) . First, we aimed to determine the association between the use of viral testing and subsequent hospital resource utilization (antibiotic/antiviral drugs prescribed; radiology studies conducted; cultures and bronchoscopies performed), including the duration of isolation precautions. Table 2 describes likelihood of deaths, ICU admission, length of stay, and use of isolation precautions in the study cohort and among hospitalizations in which the patient had a positive or negative NP swab sample. In this study, viral testing of respiratory samples during hospitalization was not associated with a significant reduction in odds of patient deaths or length of hospital stay after adjustment for critical clinical confounding factors. cache = ./cache/cord-297682-knd6avhu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297682-knd6avhu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287732-abzpfdcu author = Martindale, Robert title = Nutrition Therapy in Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease (COVID‐19) date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6232 sentences = 371 flesch = 42 summary = These variables have implications for nutritional interventions: [1] older patients are at-risk for pre-existing disease and sarcopenia which increases their risk for pre-existing malnutrition and increased risk of refeeding syndrome, [2] severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with refractory hypoxemia may require prone-positioning and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), [3] circulatory failure and concomitant feeding may increase the risk of gut ischemia and feeding intolerance, [4] multiple organ failure (MOF) and the need for early enteral nutrition (EN) to attenuate or mitigate gut derived inflammation, and [5] cytokine release syndrome which alters nutrient utilization (especially lipids). Recommendation 1: We recommend all healthcare providers, including dietitians, nurses, and physicians follow PPE standards set forth by the CDC and/or the WHO and adhere to their institutional guidelines when conducting bedside nutritional assessments for all patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 disease. cache = ./cache/cord-287732-abzpfdcu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287732-abzpfdcu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295712-35i0mhz4 author = Fox, Gregory J title = Modelling the impact of COVID‐19 on intensive care services in New South Wales date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 783 sentences = 48 flesch = 48 summary = A modelling group at Imperial College London, a WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, has modelled the effect of different mitigation policies upon peak healthcare demand. We applied the outcomes of the Imperial College model to the population of NSW, accounting for local demographic distribution. The trajectory of the epidemic, and the magnitude of peak ICU demand will be highly dependent upon the effectiveness of mitigation strategies. Further modelling is needed to inform resource planning for the COVID-19 epidemic in Australia, including for critical care services. 8,9 Figure 1 Table 2 shows the estimated cumulative hospitalisations, ICU admissions and deaths in one Local Health District (Sydney LHD) under an optimal mitigation scenario comprising case isolation, household quarantine and social distancing of over 70 year-olds. The timing and magnitude of the peak demand will be strongly dependent upon the effectiveness of mitigation strategies. cache = ./cache/cord-295712-35i0mhz4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295712-35i0mhz4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292094-vmsdhccp author = Mandell, Lionel A. title = Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults date = 2007-03-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 28389 sentences = 1424 flesch = 37 summary = Severity-of-illness scores, such as the CURB-65 criteria (confusion, uremia, respiratory rate, low blood pressure, age 65 years or greater), or prognostic models, such as the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI), can be used to identify patients with CAP who may be candidates for outpatient treatment. A respiratory fluoroquinolone should be used for penicillin-allergic patients.) Increasing resistance rates have suggested that empirical therapy with a macrolide alone can be used only for the treat-ment of carefully selected hospitalized patients with nonsevere disease and without risk factors for infection with drug-resistant pathogens. Advantages include the high specificity, the ability of some assays to distinguish between influenza A and B, the rapidity with which the results can be obtained, the possibly reduced use of antibacterial agents, and the utility of establishing this diagnosis for epidemiologic purposes, especially in hospitalized patients who may require infection control precautions. cache = ./cache/cord-292094-vmsdhccp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292094-vmsdhccp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299104-kb5gsig5 author = Riou, Marianne title = Clinical characteristics of and outcomes for patients with COVID-19 and comorbid lung diseases primarily hospitalized in a conventional pulmonology unit: a retrospective study date = 2020-11-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3626 sentences = 199 flesch = 45 summary = title: Clinical characteristics of and outcomes for patients with COVID-19 and comorbid lung diseases primarily hospitalized in a conventional pulmonology unit: a retrospective study Background: Scant data are currently available about a potential link between comorbid chronic lung diseases and the risk and severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Methods: To describe the clinical characteristics of and outcomes for patients with COVID-19 infection, including patients with comorbid respiratory diseases, who have been primarily hospitalized in the pulmonology department of Strasbourg University Hospital, France. Further studies are warranted to determine the risk of COVID-19 for patients with comorbid chronic lung diseases. Despite a relative poor characterization of the mechanisms of COVID-19, known complications including pneumonia and acute respiratory failure led pulmonologists to prepare for the worst for their patients with comorbid chronic lung diseases (CLD) [2, 3] . cache = ./cache/cord-299104-kb5gsig5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299104-kb5gsig5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295329-y7rx3ky4 author = Mattioli, Francesco title = Tracheostomy in the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1375 sentences = 89 flesch = 49 summary = The mortality appears to be around 2%; early published data indicate 25.9% with COVID-19 pneumonia required intensive care unit (ICU) admission and 20.1% developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [1, 2] . During the last 2 weeks, we performed 28 tracheostomies on patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 infection who were treated with IMV. In this early phase, aggressive treatments and intensive care are needed for critically ill patients and tracheostomy could not result in improvement in hypoxia, multiple organ dysfunction, virus clearance, and in shorter duration of IMV. In our experience, several delayed (> 14 OTI days) tracheostomies were performed especially in the first-affected intubated cases who required re-intubation without clinical improvement, and in case of lack of ICU places. In the context of prolonged IMV required in COVID-19 experience, tracheostomy should be suggested to avoid potential tracheal damages within 7 and 14 days. cache = ./cache/cord-295329-y7rx3ky4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295329-y7rx3ky4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299650-lhphdjeu author = Whittle, John title = Persistent hypermetabolism and longitudinal energy expenditure in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1158 sentences = 60 flesch = 45 summary = Longitudinal IC data presented here demonstrate a progressive hypermetabolic phenotype beginning 1 week post-intubation in COVID-19 ICU patients, with significantly greater mREE versus predictive equations or ASPEN-recommended 11-14 kcal/kg ABW for obese subjects used currently to determine energy requirements. Our data support use of standard predictive equations or~20 kcal/kg as a reasonable approximation of mREE in 1st ICU week in COVID-19 patients. These data suggest personalization of nutrition delivery, including IC use [3, 5] , should be considered to provide more accurate assessments of energy expenditure and help guide nutrition delivery in COVID-19 ICU patients. Only the authors and investigators at Duke University participated in design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. cache = ./cache/cord-299650-lhphdjeu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299650-lhphdjeu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296511-y2vhh6oq author = Zhang, YiMin title = Prevalence and characteristics of hypoxic hepatitis in the largest single-centre cohort of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus-infected patients with severe liver impairment in the intensive care unit date = 2016-01-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3844 sentences = 241 flesch = 52 summary = title: Prevalence and characteristics of hypoxic hepatitis in the largest single-centre cohort of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus-infected patients with severe liver impairment in the intensive care unit 9 Hence, HH is likely one possible cause of severe liver impairment in A(H7N9)-infected patients with respiratory failure. Patients who met all of the following criteria were diagnosed as having HH according to previous reports 7, 8, 12 : (i) a massive but transient elevated ALT level (more than 20-fold the upper limit of normal (ULN)), (ii) the presence of respiratory, cardiac or circulatory failure and (iii) exclusion of other causes of liver injury. The extent of Hypoxic hepatitis in A(H7N9)-infected patients Y Zhang et al 2 ALT elevation was considerably higher in HH patients than in non-HH patients with liver injury (on admission, 1079.50 6 41.72 U/L vs. 8 H7N9 influenza-infected patients with chronic heart disease accompanying acute heart failure are at elevated risk of severe liver damage. cache = ./cache/cord-296511-y2vhh6oq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296511-y2vhh6oq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300892-zzl0c9nj author = Sukhonthamarn, Kamolsak title = Response to Letter to the Editor titled ‘Risk Modeling for Unplanned Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Admission’ date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 437 sentences = 31 flesch = 50 summary = title: Response to Letter to the Editor titled 'Risk Modeling for Unplanned Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Admission' We are grateful to the letter authors for their interest in our study regarding risk factors for unplanned intensive care unit (ICU) admission after elective total joint arthroplasty, which was recently published in the Journal of Arthroplasty [1] . Therefore, the American College of Surgeons (ACS) and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) have recommended postponing or canceling elective procedures, including total joint arthroplasty (TJA) [2, 3] . We report significantly increased risks with bilateral versus unilateral hip There is previously published work on predictors and risk-stratified model development, which was created from stratified preoperative and intraoperative factors to predict unplanned ICU admission after total hip arthroplasty (THA) [5] [6] [7] . Risk Factors for Unplanned Admission to the Intensive Care Unit After Elective Total Joint Arthroplasty Unplanned Admission to the Intensive Care Unit After Total Hip Arthroplasty Prospective Study of Unplanned Admission to the Intensive Care Unit after Total Hip Arthroplasty cache = ./cache/cord-300892-zzl0c9nj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300892-zzl0c9nj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300230-a3jk6w90 author = Ding, Ji-Guang title = Retrospective analysis of nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in China during 2003 and 2007 date = 2009-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3805 sentences = 195 flesch = 47 summary = RESULTS: Among 1980 patients admitted over the period of time, the overall patient nosocomial infection rate was 26.8% or 51.0 per 1000 patient days., Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) accounted for most of the infections (68.4%), followed by urinary tract infections (UTI, 15.9%), bloodstream (BSI, 5.9%), and gastrointestinal tract (GI, 2.5%) infections. In conclusion, there was a high and relatively stable rate of nosocomial infections in the ICU of a tertiary hospital in China through year 2003-2007, with some differences in the distribution of the infection sites, and pathogen and antibiotic susceptibility profiles from those reported in the Western countries. In conclusion, there was a high and relatively stable rate of nosocomial infections in the ICU of a tertiary hospital in China through year 2003-2007, with some differences in the distribution of the infection sites, and pathogen and antibiotic susceptibility profiles from those reported in the Western countries. cache = ./cache/cord-300230-a3jk6w90.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300230-a3jk6w90.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295332-wlnss6bg author = AL Shareef, Khaled title = Cytokine Blood Filtration Responses in COVID-19 date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2679 sentences = 155 flesch = 50 summary = This work reviews effective methods of using filtration devices in treatment to reduce the level of various inflammatory mediators and discharge patients from the ICU faster. Another study involved 38 patients with septic shock associated with AKI who were treated with CVVHD with HCO membrane for 72 h. A crossover randomized double-blinded study was conducted to investigate the effect of the oXiris membrane on 16 septic shock patients with AKI. This membrane with continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF) was used to treat 34 septic shock patients in addition to the conventional treatment according to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines. Severe acute pancreatitis patients (the study group) were treated with a combination of CPFA and CVVH, while the control group received CVVH. The authors recommend using blood filtration devices in addition to current treatment to reduce the number of patients admitted to ICUs. Correction to: clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. cache = ./cache/cord-295332-wlnss6bg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295332-wlnss6bg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297544-h5dsnex9 author = Kulkarni, Sagar title = The bone prone team date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 689 sentences = 58 flesch = 73 summary = This article tells the tale of the orthopaedic surgeons who rose to the challenge of helping to treat coronavirus patients on the intensive care unit. Authors: Sagar Kulkarni 1 I recall the first time we called the orthopaedic surgeons for assistance. Once, an orthopaedic surgeon attended the ICU after a challenging trauma case, asking, "I got bleeped two hours ago; is everything okay? With typical orthopaedic precision, proning would happen on a schedule -every day, the bone prone team, composed of several consultants, registrars and senior house officers, would attend the ICU at 8am and 5pm, ready to prone. One morning, the bone prone team attended the ICU, like a sports team descending from a tour bus. Once we (the ICU and orthopaedic teams) had all donned our PPE, we entered the unit together. Six weeks later, all patients who were proned on that day survived ICU. cache = ./cache/cord-297544-h5dsnex9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297544-h5dsnex9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292490-djp9onk5 author = Verma, V. R. title = Projecting Demand-Supply Gap of Hospital Capacity in India in the face of COVID-19 pandemic using Age-Structured Deterministic SEIR model date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5732 sentences = 264 flesch = 46 summary = Within a short span of time, a localized outbreak evolved into pandemic with three defining characteristics: a) Speed and Scale-the disease has spread quickly to all corners of the world, and its capacity for explosive spread has overwhelmed even the most resilient health systems b) Severity-Overall, 20% cases are severe or critical, with a crude clinical case fatality rate currently of over 3%, increasing in older age groups and in those with certain underlying conditions c) Societal and economic disruption-shocks to health and social care systems and measures taken to control transmission having deep socio-economic consequences (3) . Under case-3, where 10% of capacity in public facilities and 30% in private facilities is apportioned for COVID-19, and testing coverage is 200,000 per day with TTP of 5%, the estimated demand for severe and critical cases can only be met if supply of ICU beds and ventilators is increased by 8.4% and 2.6% before 27 th July 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-292490-djp9onk5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292490-djp9onk5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294270-do6i6ymq author = Banu, Buyukaydin title = Pneumonia date = 2019-11-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7319 sentences = 426 flesch = 37 summary = A population-based cohort study with 46,237 elderly patients found that immunosuppression, COPD, smoking, congestive heart failure, diabetes, malignancy, and previous hospitalizations for pneumonia are independent risk factors for developing the disease in this age group (Barlow et al., 2007) . Presence of comorbidities such as chronic heart, lung, liver or renal disease; diabetes mellitus; alcoholism; malignancies; asplenia; immunosuppressing conditions or use of immunosuppressing drugs; or use of antimicrobials within the previous 3 months A respiratory fluoroquinolone (moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, or levofloxacin [750 mg]) (strong recommendation) (1 point) ATS, American Thoracic Society; CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; ICU, ıntensive care unit; IDST, Infectious Diseases Society of America; PIRO, predisposition, infection, response and organ dysfunction score; PS CURXO80, pH, systolic blood pressure, confusion, urea nitrogen, respiratory rate, x-ray finding, oxygen arterial pressure and age of 80 years or more; SMART-COP, systolic blood pressure, multilobar chest radiography, albumin level, respiratory rate, tachycardia, confusion, oxygenation and pH; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; WBC, white blood cell. cache = ./cache/cord-294270-do6i6ymq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294270-do6i6ymq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300897-lih5f6cj author = Du, Bin title = Clinical review: Critical care medicine in mainland China date = 2010-02-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2760 sentences = 137 flesch = 48 summary = Two years later, it became the fi rst Department of Critical Care Medicine in mainland China, with a seven-bed general ICU in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital, chaired by Dr Dechang Chen, the well-recognized founding father of critical care medicine in mainland China. Th ere is no census on critical care resources in China, including the number of ICUs, intensivists, ICU nurses, and relevant facilities (for example, bedside monitors, artifi cial ventilators), because no national survey has ever been performed. Considering the above limitations and potential improve ment, we do believe that Chinese intensivists may benefi t from academic exchange with the international medical community with regard to the following: development of a series of training programs fulfi lling international standards; development of a national board exam for critical care medicine; and conduction of multicenter trials compatible with good clinical practice. cache = ./cache/cord-300897-lih5f6cj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300897-lih5f6cj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296435-6dergkha author = Wang, Tiehua title = Thrombocytopenia Is Associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Mortality: An International Study date = 2014-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4474 sentences = 214 flesch = 40 summary = BACKGROUND: Early detection of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) has the potential to improvethe prognosis of critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). CONCLUSIONS: This study of ICU patients in both China and US showed that thrombocytopenia is associated with an increased risk of ARDS and platelet count in combination with ARDS had a high predictive value for patient mortality. Although patient specific data was not available, protocolled low tidal volume ventilation was standardized in study ICUs. Among predisposing conditions for ARDS in all enrolled patients, sepsis and/or septic shock (n = 149, 83%) were the most [20] were associated with development of ARDS.Respiratory rate (.30 breaths/min), aspiration, and .1 risks for ARDS were also evaluated in model selection but were eliminated during model selection (not significant). In both Beijing and Boston cohorts, the combination of thrombocytopenia and ARDS further increased risk of 60-day mortality among critically ill patients. cache = ./cache/cord-296435-6dergkha.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296435-6dergkha.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301011-xbuqd0j5 author = Felten-Barentsz, Karin M title = Recommendations for Hospital-Based Physical Therapists Managing Patients With COVID-19 date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3952 sentences = 259 flesch = 39 summary = In line with international initiatives, this article aims to provide guidance and detailed recommendations for hospital-based physical therapists managing patients hospitalized with COVID-19 through a national approach in the Netherlands. A working group conducted a purposive scan of the literature and drafted initial recommendations based on the knowledge of symptoms in patients with COVID-19, and current practice for physical therapist management for patients hospitalized with lung disease and patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). 12 In line with this international study 12 and the consensus statement of Italian respiratory therapists 13 we aim to provide guidance and detailed recommendations for hospital-based physical therapists managing patients hospitalized with COVID-19 through a national approach in the Netherlands. Physical therapist management for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 comprises elements of respiratory support and active mobilization. Physical therapist management for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 comprises elements of respiratory support and active mobilization. cache = ./cache/cord-301011-xbuqd0j5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301011-xbuqd0j5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299254-kqpnwkg5 author = Sun, Yingcheng title = INSMA: An integrated system for multimodal data acquisition and analysis in the intensive care unit date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4608 sentences = 210 flesch = 41 summary = In this paper, we proposed a multimodal data acquisition and analysis system called INSMA, with the ability to acquire, store, process, and visualize multiple types of data from the Philips IntelliVue patient monitor. Enormous volumes of multimodal physiological data are generated including physiological waveform signals, patient monitoring alarm messages, and numerics and if acquired, synchronized and analyzed, this data can been effectively used to support clinical decision-making at the bedside [10, 18] . We have been working on building the Integrated Medical Environment (tIME) [10] to address this critical opportunity and in this paper, we discuss an integrated system (INSMA) that supports multimodal data acquisition, parsing, real-time data analysis and visualization in the ICU. Advances in informatics, whether through data acquisition, physiologic alarm detection, or signal analysis and visualization for decision support have the potential to markedly improve patient treatment in ICUs. Clinical monitors have the ability to collect and visualize important numerics or waveforms, but more work is needed to interface to the monitors and acquire and synchronize multimodal physiological data across a diverse set of clinical devices. cache = ./cache/cord-299254-kqpnwkg5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299254-kqpnwkg5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302997-39o08tt1 author = Ceruti, S. title = Reduced mortality and shorten ICU stay in SARS-COV-2 pneumonia: a low PEEP strategy date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3557 sentences = 197 flesch = 53 summary = We implemented a "care map", as a standardized multidisciplinary approach to improve patients monitoring using: uniform patient selection for ICU admission, a low-PEEP strategy and a pharmacologic strategic thromboembolism management. To date, ten patients (24%) died, four (9.7%) received mechanical ventilation, two were transferred to another hospital and 25 (60.9%) were discharged from ICU after a median of nine days. Deep vein thrombosis, PE, Ventilator-Associated-Pneumonia (VAP) and Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) have been the main complications arose in patients admitted to ICU: DVTs and PEs were defined as suspected with an increase in serum D-dimer values over 1,500 ng/ml, while they were considered as confirmed by ultrasound or CT-scan positive finding, defined according to current clinical standards. In all, this suggests that a less traumatic approach to ventilation by low PEEP and avoiding unnecessary MV by delaying ICU admission can be of help in managing COVID-19 patients and in improving survival. cache = ./cache/cord-302997-39o08tt1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302997-39o08tt1.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302393-hrz3bypr author = Omrani, Ali S. title = The first consecutive 5000 patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 from Qatar; a nation-wide cohort study date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4533 sentences = 269 flesch = 52 summary = Multivariable logistic regression showed that older age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.041, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.022–1.061 per year increase; P < 0.001], male sex (aOR 4.375, 95% CI 1.964–9.744; P < 0.001), diabetes (aOR 1.698, 95% CI 1.050–2.746; P 0.031), chronic kidney disease (aOR 3.590, 95% CI 1.596–8.079, P 0.002), and higher BMI (aOR 1.067, 95% CI 1.027–1.108 per unit increase; P 0.001), were all independently associated with increased risk of ICU admission. In this study, we describe 60-day outcomes of a nationwide COVID-19 cohort from Qatar, and explore patient characteristics associated with the need for admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). In the multivariable logistic regression, we found that older age, male sex, co-existing diabetes or chronic kidney disease, and higher BMI were all independently associated with increased risk of need for ICU admission ( Table 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-302393-hrz3bypr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302393-hrz3bypr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304061-nfpzcago author = Crispi, F. title = LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AS A RISK FACTOR FOR SEVERE COVID-19 IN ADULTS date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3365 sentences = 265 flesch = 57 summary = Results were reproduced in an independent cohort, from a web-based survey in 1,822 subjects who self-reported laboratory-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection, where 46 patients (2.5%) needed ICU admission (AUC 0.74 [95% CI 0.68-0.81]). For studies in adults, birth weight is an accessible and robust surrogate for fetal growth restriction and preterm births, and a strong predictor of short and long-term morbidity. 24 From the above observations, we hypothesized that LBW could increase the risk of developing severe illness in non-elderly adults with COVID-19. To test this hypothesis, we designed a prospective study in confirmed COVID-19 patients (18-70 years) admitted to our institution, a public, tertiary, referral, university hospital in Spain (development dataset) and validated the model in an independent cohort of self-reported laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 subjects recruited through a web-based survey (validation dataset). Low birth weight increases the risk of severe COVID-19 in non-elderly adults. cache = ./cache/cord-304061-nfpzcago.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304061-nfpzcago.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303024-a1y01vdv author = Alshukry, A. title = Clinical characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Kuwait date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4904 sentences = 317 flesch = 54 summary = Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 showed a high degree of variability including asymptomatic carriers, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARD), and pneumonia with variable severity 4, 5 . The medical records of the confirmed COVID-19 cases admitted to Jaber Al-Ahmad Hospital in Kuwait between 24/2/2020 and 24/5/2020 were included in the study. Numerous markers showed significant differences between the symptomatic/mild group and patients admitted to ICU, including complete blood count (CBC) ( Table. Markers related to renal function showed significant abnormalities in the ICU death group, including declined eGFR and increased urea (Table. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.14.20131045 doi: medRxiv preprint injury including Troponin and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) showed significant increase in subjects admitted to ICU and in particular the ICU death group (Table. We tracked the levels of 6 blood markers associated with infection, inflammation, and kidney function in ICU patients to study disease progression and outcome. cache = ./cache/cord-303024-a1y01vdv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303024-a1y01vdv.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303292-iheq50ub author = De Jong, Audrey title = How to ventilate obese patients in the ICU date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7496 sentences = 355 flesch = 41 summary = Regarding mechanical ventilation in patients with and without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), low tidal volume (6 ml/kg of predicted body weight) and moderate to high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), with careful recruitment maneuver in selected patients, are advised. During invasive mechanical ventilation, patients with obesity are more prone to lung collapse and require higher PEEP to avoid it; low V T is calculated on predicted body weight. In a randomized controlled trial of the same team comparing HFNC to standard oxygen [87] in high-risk non-hypercapnic patients including 22% of patients with obesity, the study was stopped due to low recruitment after 155 patients, without any difference in extubation failure rate found between the two groups. PBW predicted body weight, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, CPAP continuous positive airway pressure, NIV noninvasive ventilation, HFNC high-flow nasal cannula oxygen patients. cache = ./cache/cord-303292-iheq50ub.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303292-iheq50ub.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305074-wz17u4e7 author = Fernandez, Javier title = Plasma Exchange: An Effective Rescue Therapy in Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2655 sentences = 187 flesch = 45 summary = CONCLUSIONS: Plasma exchange mitigates cytokine storm, reverses organ failure, and could improve survival in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 infection. We report a case series of four critically ill patients infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 www.ccmjournal.org XXX 2020 • Volume XX • Number XXX (SARS-CoV-2) successfully treated with plasma exchange. Upon suspicion of hyperinflammatory state due to cytokine storm and macrophage activation like syndrome, therapeutic plasma exchange was started on day 10. The patient condition improved in the following days: fever resolved 3 days following the fourth session of plasma exchange (day 19), renal, cardiac, and respiratory function normalized, and laboratory findings showed sustained improvement ( Fig. 1 Table 2 , Supplemental Digital Content 3, http://links.lww.com/CCM/F805). Fever resolved, cardiac and renal function normalized in few days, and regular laboratory tests ( Fig. 1 Table 2 , Supplemental Digital Content 3, http://links.lww.com/CCM/F805) and plasma cytokines also improved (Fig. 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-305074-wz17u4e7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305074-wz17u4e7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304736-lkjsh3fu author = Taccone, Fabio Silvio title = Higher Intensity Thromboprophylaxis Regimens and Pulmonary Embolism in Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2608 sentences = 145 flesch = 46 summary = The use of high-regimen thromboprophylaxis was associated with a lower occurrence of pulmonary embolism (2/18; 11%) than standard regimen (11/22, 50%—odds ratio 0.13 [0.02–0.69]; p = 0.02); this difference remained significant even after adjustment for confounders. The primary endpoint of this study was the occurrence of pulmonary embolism according to the use of standard thromboprophylaxis (i.e. subcutaneous enoxaparin 4,000 international units once daily) or high regimen thromboprophylaxis (i.e. subcutaneous enoxaparin 4,000 international units bid or therapeutic unfractioned heparin). The primary endpoint of this study was the occurrence of pulmonary embolism according to the use of standard thromboprophylaxis (i.e. subcutaneous enoxaparin 4,000 international units once daily) or high regimen thromboprophylaxis (i.e. subcutaneous enoxaparin 4,000 international units bid or therapeutic unfractioned heparin). Nevertheless, CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) was not routinely performed in all patients, and no data on the role of different thromboprophylaxis regimens on the occurrence of PE were reported. cache = ./cache/cord-304736-lkjsh3fu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304736-lkjsh3fu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306315-vt2e0crh author = Elabbadi, Alexandre title = Respiratory virus-associated infections in HIV-infected adults admitted to the intensive care unit for acute respiratory failure: a 6-year bicenter retrospective study (HIV-VIR study) date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4734 sentences = 244 flesch = 36 summary = CONCLUSIONS: Viruses are frequently identified in the respiratory tract of HIV-infected patients with acute respiratory failure that requires ICU admission, but with a non-viral copathogen in two-thirds of cases. Indeed, using nucleic acid amplification test such as multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR), these pathogens have been shown highly prevalent (20-56%) in large cohorts of adult patients admitted to the ICU for all-cause ARF [7, 8] , community-acquired pneumonia [9, 10] , hospitalacquired pneumonia [11] , acute exacerbation of COPD [12, 13] , and asthma [14] , compared to asymptomatic adults [15, 16] . We investigated whether a respiratory virus-associated infection Table 2 Causative diagnosis of acute respiratory failure in 123 HIV-infected patients admitted to the ICU Data are presented as number (%). Viruses are frequently identified in the respiratory tract of HIV-infected patients with ARF that required ICU admission, but with a non-viral copathogen in two-thirds of cases. cache = ./cache/cord-306315-vt2e0crh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306315-vt2e0crh.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305575-mdy0fcnn author = Zampieri, Fernando Godinho title = How to evaluate intensive care unit performance during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 976 sentences = 60 flesch = 49 summary = (5, 9) Of course, many pressing issues may hamper the attempts to measure and improve performance during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the abrupt shift in the ICU case-mix (e.g. increased severity and number of ventilated patients), need for changes in the whole ICU operation due to droplet precautions measures, costs increases due to additional personal protection equipment, and even a reduction of the available staff either due to illness or burnout. This analysis is flexible in the sense it accommodates with different metrics; for example, inputs may include staff levels, available equipment for organ support, number of beds and number of requested admissions (and their respective average illness severity) and outputs can include the number of survivors, mechanical ventilation free-days, ICU-free days, etc. While few data on prognostic scores is available, therefore limiting the use of more traditional metrics, ICUs should focus on measuring indirect performance parameters, especially analyzing case-mix, outcomes, and the rate of adherence to best practices. cache = ./cache/cord-305575-mdy0fcnn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305575-mdy0fcnn.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308188-oid3n8qf author = Cuquemelle, E. title = Can procalcitonin help identify associated bacterial infection in patients with severe influenza pneumonia? A multicentre study date = 2011-03-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2560 sentences = 134 flesch = 42 summary = PURPOSE: To determine whether procalcitonin (PCT) levels could help discriminate isolated viral from mixed (bacterial and viral) pneumonia in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) during the A/H1N1v2009 influenza pandemic. Abstract Purpose: To determine whether procalcitonin (PCT) levels could help discriminate isolated viral from mixed (bacterial and viral) pneumonia in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) during the A/H1N1v2009 influenza pandemic. This study aimed to examine whether PCT levels may help discriminate between viral from mixed (bacterial and viral) pneumonia among patients presenting to the ICU with severe community-acquired pneumonia during the H1N1v2009 influenza pandemic. Of the 52 patients having PCT levels measured on admission, 19 (36.5%) had a documented bacterial co-infection associated with influenza A/H1N1v2009 infection, mostly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (52%) or Staphylococcus aureus (35%). Measurements of PCT levels at admission can help discriminate patients having bacterial co-infection from those with isolated viral pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-308188-oid3n8qf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308188-oid3n8qf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312864-km07zhn1 author = Potalivo, A. title = Sixty-day mortality among 520 Italian hospitalized COVID-19 patients according to the adopted ventilatory strategy in the context of an integrated multidisciplinary clinical organization: a population-based cohort study date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5381 sentences = 255 flesch = 50 summary = title: Sixty-day mortality among 520 Italian hospitalized COVID-19 patients according to the adopted ventilatory strategy in the context of an integrated multidisciplinary clinical organization: a population-based cohort study 4, 8, 9, 11 Thus, the number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with oxygen supplementation and NIV has been markedly underreported leading to inaccurate information regarding the overall use of the different respiratory supports and outcomes. Using clinical and demographics information routinely collected in a unique database including all residents in the entire province, we performed the present population-based cohort study with the following aims: 1) to describe the characteristics of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 2) to examine patient outcomes overall and stratified by the adopted respiratory support, 3) to describe the organization of local healthcare system. It should be noted that in our study we documented for patients treated with NIV and/or IMV -despite a similar P/F ratio (median 98.0; IQR 84.0-124.5) and a higher SOFA score (median 8; IQR 6-10)-a considerably lower 60-day mortality rate, overall and in individual groups. cache = ./cache/cord-312864-km07zhn1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312864-km07zhn1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311074-j3fw4dfc author = Alviset, Sophie title = Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) face-mask ventilation is an easy and cheap option to manage a massive influx of patients presenting acute respiratory failure during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: A retrospective cohort study date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4842 sentences = 254 flesch = 49 summary = title: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) face-mask ventilation is an easy and cheap option to manage a massive influx of patients presenting acute respiratory failure during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: A retrospective cohort study From 27th March to 23rd April, consecutive patients who had respiratory failure or were unable to maintain an SpO2 > 90%, despite receiving 10–15 l/min of oxygen with a non-rebreather mask, were treated by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) unless the ICU physician judged that immediate intubation was indicated. The following baseline patient characteristics were retrieved from patient electronic medical record: sex, age, comorbidities, body mass index (BMI), withholding / withdrawal of lifesustaining therapies, associated COVID-19 therapies administered before the primary outcome under study occurred (antivirals, corticosteroids, immuno-modulating therapies, prone positioning), oxygen flow rate and SpO2 before and after starting CPAP treatment, duration of CPAP treatment, medical unit where CPAP treatment was performed, duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, SAPS2 score for patients admitted in ICU, driving pressure and P/F ratio on first day of mechanical ventilation. cache = ./cache/cord-311074-j3fw4dfc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311074-j3fw4dfc.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312467-kbhljong author = Boilève, Alice title = COVID-19 management in a cancer center: the ICU storm date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4117 sentences = 214 flesch = 47 summary = We report here management of a dedicated intensive care unit of a cancer center during the COVID-19 infection pandemic, considering resource allocation and redistribution of healthcare workers. In a situation of predictable shortage of beds and resources due to patients with COVID-19 requiring intensive care, the usual perception of cancer with a poor life expectancy population may lead to a limitation of aggressive management of this cohort. Here, we report management of such a specific ICU during the COVID-19 infection pandemic, considering resource allocation and redistribution of healthcare workers, and anticipation of the influx of patients. To increase ICU capacity, and to reduce the number of patients admitted in the post-surgical care ward, a large number of non-urgent surgery were postponed, as well as cancer treatments that were adapted to preserve available beds in ICU. cache = ./cache/cord-312467-kbhljong.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312467-kbhljong.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313980-jutof78v author = van de Veerdonk, F. L. title = A systems approach to inflammation identifies therapeutic targets in SARS-CoV-2 infection date = 2020-05-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4683 sentences = 271 flesch = 49 summary = Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of ARDS and circulating concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and interferon- inducible protein (IP)-10 are higher in COVID-19 patients on the intensive care unit (ICU) than in those who do not require ICU admission. 23.20110916 doi: medRxiv preprint Whereas from these data an exuberant innate immune response appears to represent the main immune dysregulation in patients with severe COVID-19 infection, so far only a limited number of inflammatory mediators known to be involved in other diseases have been assessed. 23.20110916 doi: medRxiv preprint In addition to the inflammatory factors that are upregulated in COVID-19 patients in the ICU, a number of cytokines were shown to be lower in the severely ill patients. However, unbiased clustering of COVID-19 patients differentiated patients based on disease severity (ICU versus non ICU), rather than identifying different inflammatory clusters ( Figure 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-313980-jutof78v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313980-jutof78v.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318954-pj5lsvsa author = Arabi, Yaseen title = Feasibility, safety, clinical, and laboratory effects of convalescent plasma therapy for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a study protocol date = 2015-11-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3963 sentences = 203 flesch = 48 summary = title: Feasibility, safety, clinical, and laboratory effects of convalescent plasma therapy for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a study protocol We aim to study the feasibility of CP therapy as well as its safety and clinical and laboratory effects in critically ill patients with MERS-CoV infection. In the CP therapy phase, 20 consecutive critically ill patients admitted to intensive care unit with laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV infection will be enrolled and each will receive 2 units of CP. Post enrollment, patients will be followed for clinical and laboratory outcomes that include anti-MERS-CoV antibodies and viral load. Since seriously ill MERS-CoV-infected patients may have detectable viral RNA in various locations that can be sampled (for example lower respiratory tract secretions) for prolonged periods, it might be possible to first determine the relationship between neutralizing antibody dose and antiviral effects on clinical and laboratory features in a small open-label study. cache = ./cache/cord-318954-pj5lsvsa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318954-pj5lsvsa.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321149-hffj7s4o author = Schmidt, Matthieu title = Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5362 sentences = 284 flesch = 48 summary = Methods This retrospective cohort study was done in the Paris–Sorbonne University Hospital Network, comprising five intensive care units (ICUs) and included patients who received ECMO for COVID-19 associated ARDS. This retrospective study, with 83 patients included and a complete follow-up until day 60 post-ECMO initiation is, to our knowledge, the largest to date reporting the outcomes after rescue ECMO for the most severe forms of COVID-19 ARDS, in the Paris-Sorbonne University Hospital Network (Paris, France), the principal hospital referral network for ICU care in Greater Paris, including one of the largest European ECMO centres (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital). Following early reports of severe COVID-19 associated coagulopathy [16] [17] [18] and frequent thromboembolic events on ECMO, inclu ding massive pulmonary embolism, 19, 20 we decided to increase the targeted activated partial thromboplastin time for anticoagulation of venovenous ECMO with unfractionated heparin to 60-75 s or anti-Xa activity 0·3-0·5 IU/mL (respective values were 40-55 s or 0·2-0·3 IU/mL in the EOLIA trial 3 ) before we treated our first patients with COVID-19 ARDS. cache = ./cache/cord-321149-hffj7s4o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321149-hffj7s4o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325021-rv5fsitx author = Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto title = Bloodstream infections in critically ill patients with COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2695 sentences = 131 flesch = 47 summary = BACKGROUND: Little is known about the incidence and risk of intensive care unit (ICU)‐acquired bloodstream infections (BSI) in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). While the demographics, clinical characteristics, and overall survival of patients with COVID-19 admitted to ICU have been already extensively characterized by large reports from several parts of the word, little is still known about non-viral infectious complications such as bacterial or fungal bloodstream infections (BSI), that may participate in adversely influencing the outcome of any ICU-admitted patient 6, 7 . In the present study, we aimed to retrospectively assess the incidence rate, cumulative risk, predictors, and survival of ICU-acquired BSI in patients with COVID-19 admitted to two ICUs in a large teaching hospital in Northern Italy, one of the most affected areas in Europe to date 8 . cache = ./cache/cord-325021-rv5fsitx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325021-rv5fsitx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318920-njurbf3d author = Romana Ponziani, Francesca title = Liver involvement is not associated with mortality: results from a large cohort of SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2267 sentences = 131 flesch = 50 summary = CONCLUSIONS: In SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients without pre‐existing severe chronic liver disease, baseline liver tests abnormalities are associated with the risk of ICU admission and tend to normalize over time. To investigate the prevalence of liver damage in our cohort of patients, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin and albumin were collected at baseline, then on the date closest to 15 days from the admission. This study demonstrates that in patients without severe chronic liver disease liver involvement during SARS-CoV-2 infection is usually mild, is not associated with increased risk of ICU admission or mortality, and tends to resolve over time. Baseline liver tests abnormalities can be found in more than 30% of cases, especially in patients with ARDS; these alterations are associated with the risk of ICU admission but not with mortality, and tend to normalize over time. cache = ./cache/cord-318920-njurbf3d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318920-njurbf3d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320572-94fvtj4a author = Wendel Garcia, Pedro David title = Prognostic factors associated with mortality risk and disease progression in 639 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Europe: Initial report of the international RISC-19-ICU prospective observational cohort date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5398 sentences = 301 flesch = 43 summary = title: Prognostic factors associated with mortality risk and disease progression in 639 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Europe: Initial report of the international RISC-19-ICU prospective observational cohort METHODS: Following the critical developments in ICUs in regions experiencing early inception of the pandemic, the European-based, international RIsk Stratification in COVID-19 patients in the Intensive Care Unit (RISC-19-ICU) registry was created to provide near real-time assessment of patients developing critical illness due to COVID-19. Inclusion criteria for the RISC-19-ICU registry were (I) a laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by nucleic acid amplification according to the WHO-issued testing guidelines [10] , and (II) severe manifestation of COVID-19 requiring treatment in an ICU or intermediate care unit, defined as a hospital ward specialized in the care of critically ill patients with the availability of organ support therapies including invasive mechanical ventilation and/or non-invasive ventilation. cache = ./cache/cord-320572-94fvtj4a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320572-94fvtj4a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319427-jkxioc1j author = Mughal, Mohsin Sheraz title = The prevalence of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG antibodies in intensive care unit (ICU) healthcare personnel (HCP) and its implications—a single-center, prospective, pilot study date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 854 sentences = 59 flesch = 53 summary = title: The prevalence of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG antibodies in intensive care unit (ICU) healthcare personnel (HCP) and its implications—a single-center, prospective, pilot study To the Editor-Healthcare personnel (HCP), including practitioners, nursing staff, respiratory therapists, and the pronepositioning team caring for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are considered to have a high risk of exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). 2 To our knowledge, no other study has addressed the prevalence of subclinical seroconversion of SARS-CoV-2 among HCP in the ICU setting. In this study, we investigated the seroconversion of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in ICU HCP exposed to critically ill COVID-19 patients. In total, 134 ICU HCP responded to the survey, and 121 HCP were eligible for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody testing. Of 134 ICU HCP eligible staff, 13 were excluded and 121 underwent SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody testing. cache = ./cache/cord-319427-jkxioc1j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319427-jkxioc1j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323180-3ih0i81s author = Pardo, Emmanuel title = Nutritional support for critically ill patients with COVID-19: New strategy for a new disease? date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1079 sentences = 66 flesch = 44 summary = These disabling clinical signs associated with an exacerbated systemic inflammatory syndrome may explain the high incidence of dehydration and malnutrition at ICU admission and the necessity to provide early adequate nutritional support. Enteral nutrition is feasible in patients requiring prone positioning and/or receiving nerve blocking agents, however, a close monitoring for gastric feeding intolerance is advised, associated with the early use of prokinetics and the elevation of the bed in reverse Trendelenburg position to at least 10 to 25°. Expert groups suggest starting, in high risk patients, at 25% of caloric target, regardless of nutrition route, and increasing slowly while closely monitoring serum phosphate, magnesium and potassium, especially during the first 72 hours of ICU stay. Nutrition Therapy in the Patient with COVID-19 Disease Requiring ICU Care Nutrition of the COVID-19 patient in the intensive care unit (ICU): A practical guidance cache = ./cache/cord-323180-3ih0i81s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323180-3ih0i81s.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322533-adqqm0n9 author = Sha, Dexuan title = Spatiotemporal analysis of medical resource deficiencies in the U.S. under COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5189 sentences = 232 flesch = 49 summary = The study duration was mainly from February 15, 2020 to May 1, 2020 in the U.S. Multiple data sources were used to extract local population, hospital beds, critical care staff, COVID-19 confirmed case numbers, and hospitalization data at county level. Then, we developed two medical resource deficiency indices that measured the local medical burden based on the number of accumulated active confirmed cases normalized by local maximum potential medical resources, and the number of hospitalized patients that can be supported per ICU bed per critical care staff, respectively. In this report, three fundamental elements or features, i.e. ventilators, ICU beds, and critical care staff (CCS) were identified as medical resources to plan for or manage a COVID-19 pandemic, and it would be wise to consider the interconnections among these factors in a spatiotemporal data analysis framework. cache = ./cache/cord-322533-adqqm0n9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322533-adqqm0n9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318984-8m9ygzn5 author = Chen, Yin-Yin title = Surveillance on secular trends of incidence and mortality for device–associated infection in the intensive care unit setting at a tertiary medical center in Taiwan, 2000–2008: A retrospective observational study date = 2012-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4291 sentences = 222 flesch = 45 summary = We examined the rates of DAI by antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, and 30–day and in–hospital mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU). Decreased susceptibility of both gram-positive and gram-negative microbes to antibiotics has been well described in several surveillance studies over the past decade, and increases in the rate of bloodstream infection caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) gramnegative bacteria have been reported to be 16-fold [5, [8] [9] [10] [11] . In this study, prospective surveillance was conducted to determine the DAI rate and prevalence of antibiotic-resistant isolates at an adult medical-surgical ICU (MS ICU). Our aim was to analyze the secular trend of incidence for different types of DAIs, determine the common pathogens involved, and determine the rates of antimicrobial resistance and overall 30-day and in-hospital mortality during the period 2000-2008. The involved patient demographic information, the dates and sites of infection, device-utilization (DU) ratio, pathogens, antimicrobial susceptibilities, invasive procedures, and overall 30-day mortality and in-hospital crude mortality were recorded. cache = ./cache/cord-318984-8m9ygzn5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318984-8m9ygzn5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325599-2gutb4m1 author = Lapidus, Nathanael title = Biased and unbiased estimation of the average length of stay in intensive care units in the Covid-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4399 sentences = 202 flesch = 50 summary = METHODS: Two estimation methods of ICU_ALOS were compared: the average LOS of already discharged patients at the date of estimation (DPE), and a standard parametric method used for analyzing time-to-event data which fits a given distribution to observed data and includes the censored stays of patients still treated in the ICU at the date of estimation (CPE). In this study, we present a detailed examination of the timeline of the whole cohort of consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to a devoted ICU of the Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan University (ZHWU) in which we investigated the evolution of the ALOS estimation according to the accumulation of the cases, using two methods of estimation. The study also recalls that appropriate methods of estimation require the inclusion of censored cases in the analysis, and we also demonstrate the important bias associated with calculations only based on the stays of already discharged patients. cache = ./cache/cord-325599-2gutb4m1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325599-2gutb4m1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321735-c40m2o5l author = Manca, Davide title = A simplified math approach to predict ICU beds and mortality rate for hospital emergency planning under Covid-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7164 sentences = 323 flesch = 53 summary = Besides the predicted numbers, those models allowed also forecasting the different phases of the pandemic and quantifying some basic indicators about the daily variations, the key times, the key figures, the expected decrease, the progressive reach of a maximum plateau before facing with the decrease of ICU beds for Covid-19 which we are measuring right now. Usually, patients remain in ICU wards at least fifteen days (with twenty-day stay the standard value) (Cutuli, 2020) and, respect to Covid-19 emergency, this quite a long time allows describing the whole ICU beds inflation period with curves such as the logistic (Hosmer et al., 2013) or the Gompertz (Panik, 2014) ones. The models of Section 2.3 applied to the case study of Lombardy and Italy proved their efficiency in reproducing real data and were used to forecast the evolution of key parameters as the number of ICU patients and deaths on both short and long-time horizons. cache = ./cache/cord-321735-c40m2o5l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321735-c40m2o5l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324764-w68y4fjw author = Rodriguez-Rubio, Miguel title = The Role of the Pediatric Intensivist in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2083 sentences = 92 flesch = 43 summary = With an increased ICU bed capacity and ventilator availability, the next challenge arises: critically ill adults with COVID-19 are highly complex patients who have important requirements of specialized ICU management, including nursing, respiratory support, and supportive care. In an unprecedented situation for ICUs around the world and with healthcare systems suffering severe shortages of equipment and staff, pediatric critical care physicians can be of great value in providing temporary support to adult ICUs (8). (2) highlight an important alternative role for pediatric intensivists outside the PICU in supporting adult ICUs in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatric intensivists are comprehensively trained in principles of critical care (e.g., respiratory physiology and mechanical ventilation) which can be easily transposed to adult patients making them qualified to oversee care in an adult ICU as described (2) . Caring for critically ill adults with coronavirus disease 2019 in a PICU: Recommendations by dual trained intensivists cache = ./cache/cord-324764-w68y4fjw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324764-w68y4fjw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326315-ncfxlnpj author = Cillóniz, Catia title = Community-acquired polymicrobial pneumonia in the intensive care unit: aetiology and prognosis date = 2011-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4176 sentences = 205 flesch = 29 summary = INTRODUCTION: The frequency and clinical significance of polymicrobial aetiology in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients admitted to the ICU have been poorly studied. The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence, clinical characteristics and outcomes of severe CAP of polymicrobial aetiology in patients admitted to the ICU. Patients with polymicrobial aetiology had previously received antibiotics less frequently, had a higher proportion of chronic respiratory and neurological diseases, less frequently presented fever at admission, had higher rates of PSI risk class V, had severe CAP according to the IDSA/ATS definition, and fulfilled ARDS criteria. Among these variables, chronic respiratory disease and ARDS criteria at hospital admission were independent predictors of polymicrobial aetiology in the multivariate analysis. • Polymicrobial aetiology is frequent among patients with CAP admitted to the ICU and may result in inappropriate empiric antimicrobial treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-326315-ncfxlnpj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326315-ncfxlnpj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322167-cpjkltsu author = Stubington, Thomas J. title = Tracheotomy in COVID‐19 patients: Optimizing patient selection and identifying prognostic indicators date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2679 sentences = 124 flesch = 54 summary = • Patients should ideally be at least 14 days post-positive swab result • Low oxygen requirements (FiO 2 ≤ 40%), sustained for at least 24 hours • Patient able to tolerate clamped tube for 1 minute in ICU ("clamp test") • Two failed trials of sedation withholding prior to considering tracheotomy • Patients that will not require prone ventilation Correlation between data sets was determined using the "R" statistical software (v3.6.1, © The R Foundation, Vienna, Austria). The selection criteria proposed in this study (FiO 2 ≤ 50% and PEEP ≤ 8 cm of H 2 O in the 24 hours prior to the tracheotomy) were derived on the basis of our early experience with the first five COVID-19 tracheotomies; of which, one survived (patient A), two died (patients B and C) and the remaining two had a prolonged wean off the ventilator (patient D, who was taken off ventilation at day 17 post-procedure, and patient E, who continues to be on ventilation at the time of writing). cache = ./cache/cord-322167-cpjkltsu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322167-cpjkltsu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325290-hbzbyqi4 author = Payne, Anna title = Redeployment of surgical trainees to intensive care during the COVID-19 pandemic: evaluation of the impact on training and wellbeing date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2262 sentences = 147 flesch = 49 summary = title: Redeployment of surgical trainees to intensive care during the COVID-19 pandemic: evaluation of the impact on training and wellbeing OBJECTIVE: : The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of redeployment of surgical trainees to intensive care units (ICUs) during the COVID-19 pandemicin terms of transferrable technical and non-technical skills and wellbeing. SETTING: : The study involved surgical trainees that had been redeployed to the (ICU) across all hospitals in London during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: : Redeployment of surgical trainees to ICU led to increased confidence in a number of technical and non-technical skills. 4 The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the redeployment of surgical trainees to critical care units during the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of transferrable skills, wellbeing and career development. Doctors working at postgraduate years two to four who were redeployed from surgical specialties to ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic were included. cache = ./cache/cord-325290-hbzbyqi4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325290-hbzbyqi4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326644-5war06j2 author = Supino, M. title = World governments should protect their population from COVID-19 pandemic using Italy and Lombardy as precursor date = 2020-03-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2801 sentences = 162 flesch = 59 summary = preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in temporally to superpose one on another, so that for all countries day zero represents the onset of COVID-19 outbreak. preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in While NHS are prepared to receive a certain number of ICU patients distributed during the influenza season, which lasts several months, no NHS can manage an exponentially growing number of COVID-19 patients. preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in Here we show that it is possible to predict the date of saturation of the ICUs in a region early on, by using the temporal information about the number of available ICU beds. cache = ./cache/cord-326644-5war06j2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326644-5war06j2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324869-f14n0hk6 author = Khan, Hafiz Muhammad Waqas title = Unusual Early Recovery of a Critical COVID-19 Patient After Administration of Intravenous Vitamin C date = 2020-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2551 sentences = 126 flesch = 48 summary = CONCLUSIONS: This report highlights the potential benefits of high-dose intravenous vitamin C in critically ill COVID-19 patients in terms of rapid recovery and shortened length of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay. We describe a case of COVID-19 with septic shock and ARDS who received high doses of intravenous vitamin C and was the first case to be able to be taken off of mechanical ventilation (MV) early and recover from the disease at our institute. In our case, the patient was treated with high-dose vitamin C as a continuous intravenous infusion and was the first COVID-19 patient to be able to be taken off mechanical ventilation early and recover from the disease at our institution. Our results show the importance of further investigation of intravenous vitamin C in the form of randomized controlled trials for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 to accurately assess its efficacy in critically ill COVID-19 patients requiring mechanical ventilation and ICU care. cache = ./cache/cord-324869-f14n0hk6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324869-f14n0hk6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322243-5js5nudx author = Mac, S. title = COVID-19 Demographics, Acute Care Resource Use and Mortality by Age and Sex in Ontario, Canada: Population-based Retrospective Cohort Analysis date = 2020-11-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3586 sentences = 216 flesch = 56 summary = We conducted a population-based cohort study using public health data to describe COVID-19 associated ageand sex-specific acute care use, length of stay (LOS), and mortality. Methods: We used Ontario Case and Contact Management (CCM) Plus database of individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 in Ontario from March 1 to September 30, 2020 to determine ageand sex-specific hospitalizations, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) use, LOS, and mortality. The objective of our study was to describe COVID-19 cases in Ontario between March 1, 2020 and September 30, 2020, and to provide estimates of age-and sex-specific acute care resource utilization (hospitalization, ICU admission, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV)), length of stay (LOS), and mortality. (8) CCM Plus includes individual-level data on demographics (e.g., age, sex, region), epidemiology (e.g., likely acquisition), patient characteristics (e.g., co-morbidities), acute care resource utilization (e.g., hospitalization, ICU admission, IMV), health outcomes (e.g., mortality), and long-term . cache = ./cache/cord-322243-5js5nudx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322243-5js5nudx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325941-1sogg526 author = Komaru, Yohei title = Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1480 sentences = 89 flesch = 49 summary = Here, we report a retrospective analysis of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in ICU patients with COVID-19-associated respiratory failure. In this study involving 17 critically ill COVID-19 patients, we found that urinary NGAL level at ICU admission was elevated in patients who went on to develop AKI during their ICU stay. The direct infection of SARS-CoV-2 to renal tubular epithelial cells may enhance the clinical value of urinary NGAL as AKI marker among COVID-19 patients. Another finding in this study was the correlation between urinary NGAL level in the early phase of ICU stay and the length of mechanical ventilation. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) level in ICU patients with coronavirus disease 2019 associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) diagnosis and length of mechanical ventilation. In conclusion, the urinary NGAL level was significantly associated with AKI diagnosis of ICU patients. cache = ./cache/cord-325941-1sogg526.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325941-1sogg526.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326989-l8nfd03a author = Cammarota, Gianmaria title = Critical Care Surge Capacity to Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: A Rapid and Affordable Solution in the Novara Hospital date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1308 sentences = 58 flesch = 43 summary = The rapid insurgence and spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exceeded the limit of the intensive care unit (ICU) contingency plan of the Maggiore della Carità University Hospital (Novara, Italy) generating a crisis management condition. In a short time and at a relatively low cost, a structural modification of a hospital aisle allowed to convert the general ICU into a COVID-19 unit, increasing the number of COVID-19 critical care beds by 107%. While the general ICU were progressively converted to COVID-19 unit and the contingency plan was implemented, anesthesiologists, nurses, and other health care professionals, recruited from surgical teams, underwent a specific just-in-time training to improve technical skills in the application of PPE and in the clinical management of mechanically ventilated ARF patients. By addressing the key elements of health care system surge capacity from contingency to crisis, a prompt response to the sudden request of IMV was provided, converting the general ICU into a COVID-19 unit and increasing the number of COVID-19 ICU beds by 107%. cache = ./cache/cord-326989-l8nfd03a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326989-l8nfd03a.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326708-92lsnv4g author = Craig, J. title = Estimating critical care capacity needs and gaps in Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3530 sentences = 148 flesch = 47 summary = Comparing current national capacities to estimated needs at outbreak peak, we found that 31of 50 countries (62%) do not have a sufficient number of hospital beds per 100,000 people if 100% of patients with severe infections seek out health services and assuming that all hospital beds are empty and available for use by patients with COVID-19. Only four countries (Cabo Verde, Egypt, Gabon, and South Africa) have a sufficient number of ventilators to meet projected national needs if 100% of severely infected individuals seek health services assuming all ventilators are functioning and available for COVID-19 patients, while 35 other countries require two or more additional ventilators per 100,000 people. The average number of hospital beds needed at the peak of respective national COVID-19 outbreaks across 52 countries assuming 100% of infected patients with severe symptoms seek out health services was 131.7 beds per 100,000 people (SD: 9.2) ranging from 96.8 per 100,000 in Egypt to 137.8 beds per 100,000 in Equatorial Guinea. cache = ./cache/cord-326708-92lsnv4g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326708-92lsnv4g.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331481-zeaqi1uc author = Al-Ani, Fatimah title = Thrombosis risk associated with COVID-19 infection. A scoping review date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4640 sentences = 250 flesch = 46 summary = DISCUSSION: A number of pressing issues were identified by this review, including defining the true incidence of VTE in COVID patients, developing algorithms to identify those susceptible to develop thrombotic complications and severe disease, determining the role of biomarkers and/or scoring systems to stratify patients' risk, designing adequate and feasible diagnostic protocols for PE, establishing the optimal thromboprophylaxis strategy, and developing uniform diagnostic and reporting criteria. Given the rapid emergence of new evidence we sought to conduct a scoping review of coagulopathy and thrombosis risk associated with COVID-19 infection with the aim of providing an overview of the current knowledge on this topic and potentially inform new areas of research. Limitations of evidence include: 1) all studies were limited to a single ethnic population, and extrapolation of this data to other populations might not be accurate, and 2) except for the study by Tang With regards to association with mortality, Zhou and colleagues reported a significantly higher prothrombin time (>16 seconds) in non-survivors (n=54) compared to survivors (n=137) (13% vs. cache = ./cache/cord-331481-zeaqi1uc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331481-zeaqi1uc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327452-fl7yrpzs author = Sayde, George title = Implementing an intensive care unit (ICU) diary program at a Large Academic Medical Center: Results from a randomized control trial evaluating psychological morbidity associated with critical illness date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4734 sentences = 221 flesch = 47 summary = title: Implementing an intensive care unit (ICU) diary program at a Large Academic Medical Center: Results from a randomized control trial evaluating psychological morbidity associated with critical illness In addition, the use of an ICU diary, where everyday events can be prospectively recorded by family members and healthcare workers, has been shown in some studies to reduce J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f new-onset PTSD, anxiety, and depressive symptoms and promote psychological wellbeing in both patients and their families [5, 11, 12] . J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f On behalf of my coauthors, I would like to thank you for the opportunity to revise and resubmit our manuscript GHP-D-20-00200, entitled -Implementing an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Diary Program at a Large Academic Medical Center: Results from a Randomized Control Trial Evaluating Psychological Morbidity Associated with Critical Illness.‖ We greatly appreciate the thoughtful feedback and suggestions for improvement. cache = ./cache/cord-327452-fl7yrpzs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327452-fl7yrpzs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329727-h47q76y8 author = Sisó-Almirall, Antoni title = Prognostic factors in Spanish COVID-19 patients: A case series from Barcelona date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3441 sentences = 201 flesch = 53 summary = CONCLUSION: Determining the clinical, biological and radiological characteristics of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection will be key to early treatment and isolation and the tracing of contacts. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the clinical, biological and radiological manifestations, the evolution, treatments and mortality rate of patients with COVID-19 infection in the population of Barcelona city and determine the most important predictors of a poor prognosis. Signs and symptoms, the main available haematological and biochemical data and the results of imaging tests were recorded, as were comorbidities, the evolution, the hospitalization rate, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and the treatments received. This study summarizes the clinical, biological and radiological characteristics, evolution and prognostic factors of patients with COVID-19 disease in primary and community healthcare. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237960.t002 In bold, statistically significant independent predictive factors associated with hospitalization, death or ICU admission (logistic multivariate regression adjusted for age and sex). cache = ./cache/cord-329727-h47q76y8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329727-h47q76y8.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331500-l3hkn2li author = Luyt, Charles-Edouard title = Pulmonary infections complicating ARDS date = 2020-11-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7544 sentences = 358 flesch = 26 summary = Whatever the initial lung injury, patients with ARDS are prone to develop secondary pulmonary infection, namely ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). While glucocorticoids are classically considered as immunosuppressive drugs, it has been shown that they can prevent the immune reprogramming observed after inflammatory response [16] , thus limiting the susceptibility of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) to respiratory complications such as pneumonia or ARDS and improving outcomes of patients with ARDS [17] . Peripheral blood markers have the advantage of avoiding the need for bronchoscopic sampling and are therefore easier to obtain; however, they are generally less able to discriminate pneumonia from other infections Table 1 Summary of host-based biomarkers for diagnosis of pneumonia in ARDS ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, RCT randomized controlled trial, sTREM soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells, VAP ventilator-associated pneumonia, HLA human leukocyte antigen cache = ./cache/cord-331500-l3hkn2li.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331500-l3hkn2li.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334834-qg23x2pw author = Marshall, Andrea P. title = A critical care pandemic staffing framework in Australia date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5774 sentences = 305 flesch = 39 summary = Recognising the potential strain on intensive care units (ICUs), particularly on staffing, a working group was formed for the purpose of developing recommendations to support decision-making during rapid service expansion. METHODS: The Critical Care Pandemic Staffing Working Party (n = 21), representing nursing, allied health, and medical disciplines, has used a modified consensus approach to provide recommendations to inform multidisciplinary workforce capacity expansion planning in critical care. These strategies include the use of a strong interdisciplinary approach to identify and develop consensus for recommendations, through independent voting, to inform intensive care pandemic staffing that is reflective of the way in which care is delivered in Australian ICUs. In developing these recommendations, we actively engaged the relevant nursing, allied health, and medical professional organisations and ensured the Working Party members had broad experience in clinical practice, management, education, and research. cache = ./cache/cord-334834-qg23x2pw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334834-qg23x2pw.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336395-v157jzvv author = Battaglini, Denise title = Chest physiotherapy: an important adjuvant in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7003 sentences = 327 flesch = 40 summary = In this line, the current review discusses the important role of chest physiotherapy in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19, around the weaning process, and how it can be safely applied with careful organization, including the training of healthcare staff and the appropriate use of personal protective equipment to minimize the risk of viral exposure. The current review discussed the data regarding the important role J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f of chest physiotherapy in critically ill patients with COVID-19, during mechanical ventilation and after weaning process, and how it can be safely applied with careful organization, including the training of healthcare staff and the appropriate use of personal protective equipment to minimize the risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-336395-v157jzvv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336395-v157jzvv.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339015-qn8wbnlw author = Kayingo, Gerald title = Bacteria and Viruses: The Bogeymen in the Intensive Care Unit date = 2019-03-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2380 sentences = 146 flesch = 33 summary = Late-onset VAP (>7 days after mechanical ventilation) is usually caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter species, methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA), and multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli. For the management of VAP, advance practice providers (APPs) should direct initial antibiotic therapy against organisms that are known to frequently cause pneumonia in the ICU. APPs working in the ICU need to recognize viral community-acquired pneumonia early and manage it aggressively to prevent complications and improve outcomes. Nosocomial viral pneumonia in the ICU is frequently caused by Herpesviridae family of viruses, which include HSV and cytomegalovirus (CMV). 10, 11 The clinical manifestations of bacterial and viral infections are highly variable in the ICU patient, ranging from severe respiratory disease to sepsis (Box 5). cache = ./cache/cord-339015-qn8wbnlw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339015-qn8wbnlw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339695-3ij5pjjy author = Nopp, Stephan title = Risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4716 sentences = 292 flesch = 44 summary = [1] [2] [3] Early studies already reported on coagulation abnormalities and coagulopathy with a rather prothrombotic phenotype in patients with 5] With the better understanding of COVID-19 and its clinical course, venous thromboembolism (VTE), a disease entity covering pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), has been recognized as a particular complication of the disease. These included methodological specifics of the studies (study design, health care setting), clinical information of the study population (demographics, comorbidities, disease severity, use of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis, ultrasound screening, and D-dimer levels), and outcome specifics (definition, type, and rate of VTE). After excluding studies with a high risk of underlying bias, quantitative results from 66 studies were aggregated within a meta-analysis, including 28,173 patients (1, Figure 2 shows a Forrest plot of VTE rates, together with information on health care setting, the performance of screening and outcome definition of respective studies. cache = ./cache/cord-339695-3ij5pjjy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339695-3ij5pjjy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338403-mfde6juv author = Li, Bo title = Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China date = 2020-03-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3419 sentences = 181 flesch = 50 summary = METHODS: A meta-analysis of eligible studies that summarized the prevalence of cardiovascular metabolic diseases in COVID-19 and compared the incidences of the comorbidities in ICU/severe and non-ICU/severe patients was performed. Inclusion criteria are as follows: (1) comparative studies: randomised controlled trials RCTs or non-RCTs published in English; (2) study population: more than ten participants were included in the study; (3) study intervention: patients in the studies should be confirmed to have been infected by 2019 novel coronavirus; (4) parameters: the comorbidities of cardiovascular metabolic diseases and the outcome of cardiac injury should be given. Systematic analysis of studies that described the epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19 cases and reported the prevalence of cardiovascular metabolic diseases as well as the impact on cardiac injury in the infectious disease, has identified six reports with 1527 patients ( Table 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-338403-mfde6juv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338403-mfde6juv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341088-bqdvx458 author = Rice, Ken title = Effect of school closures on mortality from coronavirus disease 2019: old and new predictions date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4930 sentences = 235 flesch = 52 summary = Table 3 also illustrates the counterintuitive result that adding school closures to a scenario with case isolation, household quarantine, and social distancing in people older than 70 years would increase the total number of deaths across the full simulation. However, this suppression then leads to a second wave with a higher peak demand for ICU beds than during the intervention period, and total numbers of deaths that exceed those of the same scenario without place closures. For example, adding general social distancing to case isolation and household quarantine was also strongly associated with suppression of the infection during the intervention period, but then a second wave occurs that actually concerns a higher peak demand for ICU beds than for the equivalent scenario without general social distancing. the scenario of place closures, case isolation, household quarantine, and social distancing of over 70s would minimise peak demand for intensive care but prolong the epidemic, resulting in more people needing intensive care and more deaths. cache = ./cache/cord-341088-bqdvx458.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341088-bqdvx458.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336973-z8mwzmf6 author = Rubulotta, Francesca title = In Response date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1183 sentences = 69 flesch = 51 summary = In Response W e thank esteemed colleagues Drs Brull and Kopman, 1 both well-known experts in the field of neuromuscular monitoring and blockade for their interest in our article and their comments. 2 The creation of dedicated anesthesia intubation teams during the COVID-19 crisis as well as the increasing engagement of anesthesiologists in the ICU setting led us to believe that presenting basic principles of neuromuscular monitoring could be of interest for all readers. NMB monitoring is not standard of care in the ICU, despite the infusion of NMBAs is common for adult with severe ARDS or during proning maneuvers. The COVID-19 pandemic peak has significantly increased the workload in most ICUs and the frequency of TOF monitoring has been compromised at times. We do not recommend the corrugator supercilii as the monitoring site of choice but wanted to point out that it best reflects NMB or neuromuscular transmission at the diaphragm or larynx, anatomic areas of particular interest for ICU physicians. cache = ./cache/cord-336973-z8mwzmf6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336973-z8mwzmf6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339478-v7by6dnp author = Kessler, Remi A. title = Changes in Neurosurgery Resident Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Institutional Experience from a Global Epicenter date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1107 sentences = 65 flesch = 54 summary = Here we present our detailed institutional experience -from an 1,141-bed, tertiary care academic center and six other affiliate hospitals of the Mount Sinai Health System in NYC-on how the re-organization efforts changed our neurosurgical graduate medical education program from the heart of the pandemic. The changes to neurosurgery resident education at Mount Sinai were borne out of a necessity for re-deployment of our physicians to assist in the fight against COVID-19, given the sheer abundance of positive patients in NYC. The Emory University Department of Neurosurgery reported similar changes for residents covering their neurosurgical service and each resident is to spend one week during the month of April caring for COVID-19 patients. The COVID-19 pandemic has required our department to change resident education to an exceptional degree, but we are continuing neurosurgical learning in innovative ways while heeding the call to care for NYC's sickest patients. cache = ./cache/cord-339478-v7by6dnp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339478-v7by6dnp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335802-1kiqfy68 author = Azoulay, Elie title = Increased mortality in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted within seven days of disease onset date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3515 sentences = 194 flesch = 48 summary = METHODS: In a multicentre retrospective study, we included 379 COVID-19 patients admitted to four ICUs between 20 February and 24 April 2020 and categorised according to time from disease onset to ICU admission. To test the hypothesis that COVID-19-related critical illness differs according to time from viral symptom onset to ICU admission, we assessed patient characteristics and outcomes in a cohort of 379 critically ill patients admitted to four university-affiliated hospitals in Paris. This study collecting data from 379 COVID-19 patients showed that mortality decreased with increasing time from viral symptom onset to ICU admission. Mortality was significantly higher in patients admitted to the ICU within a week after viral symptom onset, independently from acute illness severity at ICU admission. Second, the excess mortality in patients admitted to the ICU within 7 days after viral symptom onset was associated with an increased prevalence of non-respiratory injury and, more specifically, of acute kidney and myocardial injury. cache = ./cache/cord-335802-1kiqfy68.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335802-1kiqfy68.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340069-v7yrc0q5 author = Al Maani, Amal title = Ongoing Challenges with Healthcare-Associated Candida auris Outbreaks in Oman date = 2019-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4497 sentences = 239 flesch = 50 summary = Most isolates had non-susceptible fluconazole (100%) and amphotericin B (33%) minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), but had low echinocandin and voriconazole MICs. Despite multimodal infection prevention and control measures, new cases continued to appear, challenging all the containment efforts. The first case of candidemia during this outbreak was identified in June Among the infected cohort, 20 (63%) patients had been admitted to the ICU prior to the diagnosis but 11 (34.4%) were in other medical or surgical wards ( Figure 1 ). auris (rapid acquisition and spread within affected facilities, high mortality rates, challenging environmental decontamination, and high levels of antifungal resistance) underscore the importance of rapid containment of the spread of this public health pathogen, including developing rapid and accurate diagnostic tools at the point of care [20, 44] and investing in infection control and antimicrobial stewardship programs. cache = ./cache/cord-340069-v7yrc0q5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340069-v7yrc0q5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343555-pre6bzne author = Kalligeros, Markos title = Association of Obesity with Disease Severity among Patients with COVID‐19 date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2148 sentences = 126 flesch = 53 summary = OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential association of obesity and other chronic diseases with severe outcomes, such as intensive care unit (ICU) admission and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), in patients hospitalized with COVID‐19. In this study we utilize data from the largest healthcare network in Rhode Island, USA, with the aim of exploring the potential association of the above-mentioned chronic diseases with severe outcomes such as ICU admission and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection. All rights reserved Our primary outcome was to assess if specific risk factors, namely age, race, gender, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, chronic heart disease, and chronic lung disease are associated with ICUadmission within the first 10 days of hospital admission with COVID-19. We also examined the association of ICU admission and the need for IMV with the following variables: age, race, gender, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and chronic lung disease. cache = ./cache/cord-343555-pre6bzne.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343555-pre6bzne.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342680-1cr2ph8x author = Sarpong, Nana O. title = What’s Important: Redeployment of the Orthopaedic Surgeon During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from the Trenches date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1431 sentences = 75 flesch = 57 summary = However, our hospital's capacity, resources, and health-care personnel are rapidly dwindling as front-line workers are falling ill to COVID-19 or have been redeployed to de novo makeshift ICUs. The initial hospital response included the reallocation of capacity and resources, with our dedicated orthopaedic surgery operating rooms and suites being converted to ICUs shortly after the New York State order to cancel all elective surgeries 4 . To that end, every available practitioner in our orthopaedic department-including attending surgeons, fellows, residents, nurse practitioners, nurses, physician assistants, medical assistants, and support staff-has been redeployed to another area of the hospital with unmet need, particularly the ER and ICU. In our first redeployment shift in the ER, we expected the majority of patients to be coughing and dyspneic, and had prepared for a virus-driven cacophony by wearing an N95 respirator covered by a surgical mask and face shield. cache = ./cache/cord-342680-1cr2ph8x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342680-1cr2ph8x.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339670-lq46nj8j author = Takahashi, Nozomi title = Clinical course of a critically ill patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1746 sentences = 98 flesch = 43 summary = Although several studies have reported on the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), clinical course of the most severe cases requiring treatment in ICU have been insufficiently reported. A 73-year-old man traveling on a cruise ship with history of hypertension and dyslipidemia developed high fever, dyspnea and cough after 7 days of steroid treatment for sudden sensorineural hearing loss, and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in sputa polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examination. The sustained excessive inflammatory cytokines in the present case might have led to the exacerbation of the disease, requiring vigorous organ support therapies to allow for survival and recovery from the rapid progression of multiple organ dysfunctions and severe respiratory failure. (SARS-CoV-2), who developed multiple organ dysfunctions, treated with artificial organ supports including mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). cache = ./cache/cord-339670-lq46nj8j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339670-lq46nj8j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335975-m6lkrehi author = nan title = Proceedings of Réanimation 2018, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress date = 2018-02-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 89374 sentences = 5327 flesch = 52 summary = A qSOFA score relying on 3 simple clinical criteria (respiratory rate, mental status and systolic blood pressure) has been proposed to better identify septic patients with associated higher mortality outside the intensive care unit (Seymour CW et al., JAMA 2016) . We propose to determine whether the arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) at intensive care unit (ICU) admission affects mortality at day 28 (D28) in patients with septic shock subjected to mechanical out-of-hospital ventilation. Conclusion: In this study, we report a significant association between hyperoxemia at ICU admission and mortality at D28 in patients with septic shock subjected to pre-hospital invasive mechanical ventilation. The aim of this study was to describe outcome of pediatric patient with hematologic disease hospitalized in our intensive care unit for respiratory failure and to investigate the clinical variables associated with mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-335975-m6lkrehi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335975-m6lkrehi.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346229-jxlrz0ce author = Craxì, Lucia title = Rationing in a Pandemic: Lessons from Italy date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2410 sentences = 116 flesch = 48 summary = At the beginning of March 2020, the Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation, and Intensive Care (SIAARTI) issued recommendations aimed at supporting physicians in prioritizing patients when the number of critically ill patients overwhelm the capacity of ICUs. One motivating concern for the SIAARTI guidance was that, if no balanced and consistent allocation procedures were applied to prioritize patients, there would be a concrete risk for unfair choices, and that the prevalent "first come, first served" principle would lead to many avoidable deaths. As difficult allocation choices were already being made, clinicians (including one of the authors, MV) of the ethics section of the Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation, and Intensive Care (SIAARTI) were asked to publish guidance on the allocation of limited resources. Clinical ethics recommendations for the allocation of intensive care treatments in exceptional, resource-limited circumstances: The Italian perspective during the COVID-19 epidemic cache = ./cache/cord-346229-jxlrz0ce.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346229-jxlrz0ce.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347662-yk3cz0hq author = Li, Michael title = Tocilizumab in the Management of COVID-19: A Preliminary Report date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3300 sentences = 171 flesch = 40 summary = EXPOSURES: Confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Outcomes data related to length of stay, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), requirement of mechanical ventilation, and mortality were collected and analyzed. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: Our retrospective analysis revealed an association between Tocilizumab administration and increased mortality, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and length of stay in subjects with COVID-19. On this basis, physicians at our hospitals have administered Tocilizumab to COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory impairment off-label and outside of a clinical trial hoping to improve outcomes by preventing or ameliorating the development or progression of the COVID-19 related cytokine storm, thereby inhibiting the development of ARDS in both the intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU settings. Criteria for inclusion in the Tocilizumab treatment group included: 1) age of 18 years or older with a clinical presentation consistent with COVID-19 (e.g., fever, respiratory symptoms, and new pulmonary infiltrates), 2) laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection by an RT-PCR test, and 3) outcome data available. cache = ./cache/cord-347662-yk3cz0hq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347662-yk3cz0hq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346062-q0trgj12 author = Robert, René title = Ethical dilemmas due to the Covid-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5716 sentences = 250 flesch = 44 summary = The devastating pandemic that has stricken the worldwide population induced an unprecedented influx of patients in ICUs, raising ethical concerns not only surrounding triage and withdrawal of life support decisions, but also regarding family visits and quality of end-of-life support. As a result, four new options never applied to date were considered with the common aim of saving a maximum number of lives: to prioritize ICU beds for patients with the best prognosis; to increase at all costs the number of ICU beds, thereby creating stepdown ICUs; to organize transfer to distant ICUs with more beds available, or to accelerate withdrawal of life support in ICUs. Additionally, to protect the patients' relatives, visits for families were prohibited or strongly limited and adequate communication between caregivers and families was disrupted, counteracting more than 20 years of research aimed at improving interaction with families and quality of care during EOL [1] . cache = ./cache/cord-346062-q0trgj12.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346062-q0trgj12.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346811-gorp9n1g author = Hippisley-Cox, Julia title = Risk of severe COVID-19 disease with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: cohort study including 8.3 million people date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5104 sentences = 275 flesch = 50 summary = We report a large, population-based study where we examined the drug histories of approximately 20% of all patients tested positive for coronavirus in England to determine if there was an independent association between ACE inhibitor and ARB drug prescription and severe COVID-19 disease susceptibility and progression. We extracted data from the GP record for explanatory and potential confounding variables including variables with some evidence of being risk factors for COVID-19 disease or severe disease as measured by ICU admission and variables likely to influence prescribing of ACE inhibitors and ARB medications. In this very large population-based study, ACE inhibitor and ARB prescriptions were associated with a reduced risk of COVID-19 RT-PCR positive disease, having adjusted for a wide range of demographic factors, potential comorbidities and other medication. 11 In our study, prior prescription of ACE inhibitor and ARB drugs did not have a significant effect on the risk of patients developing COVID-19 disease severe enough to require ICU care. cache = ./cache/cord-346811-gorp9n1g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346811-gorp9n1g.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351943-ouukwv73 author = Frobert, Emilie title = Respiratory viruses in children admitted to hospital intensive care units: Evaluating the CLART® Pneumovir DNA array, , date = 2010-11-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3486 sentences = 199 flesch = 52 summary = The CLART® Pneumovir DNA array was useful for examining severe viral respiratory infections, when other viruses than those detected by conventional methods could be involved, particularly in an ICU. The CLART 1 Pneumovir DNA array was useful for examining severe viral respiratory infections, when other viruses than those detected by conventional methods could be involved, particularly in an ICU. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequently reported virus in infants admitted to hospital, but many other viral agents can be associated with acute respiratory infections [Mentel et al., 2005; Freymuth et al., 2006] . The CLART 1 Pneumovir DNA array assay (Genomica, Coslada, Madrid, Spain) detects and characterizes the most frequent human viruses causing respiratory symptoms in a total of 8 hr after nucleic acid extraction. But there was no difference in distress severity between single and multiple infections when HBoV was detected (P ¼ 0.5), probably because of the low number of cases (n ¼ 8). cache = ./cache/cord-351943-ouukwv73.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351943-ouukwv73.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355410-oinbicza author = Kormann, Raphaël title = Coronavirus disease 2019: acute Fanconi syndrome precedes acute kidney injury date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3936 sentences = 235 flesch = 46 summary = We hypothesized that Fanconi syndrome may be a clinical feature of infection of proximal tubular epithelial kidney cells in patients hospitalized with a severe form of COVID-19, and that the most severe patients admitted to ICUs may develop a more frequent and/or a more severe Fanconi syndrome. After clinical and biological signs of proximal tubule injury were detected in three COVID-19 cases, all laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients cared for in the University Regional Hospital (CHRU) of Nancy from 20 to 29 March 2020 underwent a systematic screening of tubular function by four clinicians (A.J., M.K., P.V. and S.B.). Chi-square test for trend was used for the analysis of AKI, and to compare the number of abnormalities related to proximal tubule injury between the two groups (ICU patients group and other inpatients). cache = ./cache/cord-355410-oinbicza.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355410-oinbicza.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353069-xkb3xy6k author = Vellieux, Geoffroy title = COVID-19 associated encephalopathy: is there a specific EEG pattern? date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1155 sentences = 80 flesch = 50 summary = We report the history of two patients with coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) whose electroencephalograms (EEG) found a unique pattern, never described up to now. Continuous long duration EEG was performed for neurological evaluation three days after arrival, under a regimen of sedative drugs composed of propofol 200 mg/h + sufentanyl 15 g/h. EEG revealed a strictly similar pattern compared to patient #1 with continuous, symmetric, monomorphic, diphasic (or even triphasic), delta slow waves with diffuse projection but greater amplitude over both frontal areas. recently reported the case of an 80-year-old woman with COVID-19 whose EEG successively found frontal status epilepticus, then alterations compatible with toxic/metabolic encephalopathy and finally periodic triphasic activity with short periods of 1-1.5 s (Flamand et al. To our knowledge, our report is the first to describe strikingly similar EEG patterns in two patients with COVID-19, i.e., non-reactive bifrontal monomorphic diphasic periodic delta slow waves, irrespective of sedative drugs. EEG should be more broadly performed in any patients with COVID-19 displaying neurological symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-353069-xkb3xy6k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353069-xkb3xy6k.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352280-nn1rgdw0 author = Mayorga, Lía title = Detection and isolation of asymptomatic individuals can make the difference in COVID-19 epidemic management date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4334 sentences = 253 flesch = 51 summary = Here we present a compartmental model for the disease that can provide healthcare burden parameters allowing to infer possible containment and suppression strategies, explicitly including asymptomatic individuals. The main conclusion of our work is that efficient and timely detection and isolation of these asymptomatic individuals can have dramatic effects on the effective reproduction number and healthcare burden parameters. In a basic reproduction number scenario of 2, isolating half of the asymptomatic individuals within four days of becoming infectious can effectively double the time it takes for clinical cases to duplicate in the exponential growth phase. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.23.20077255 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 10 : The effect of detecting and isolating different percentages of asymptomatic individuals on a model triggering on-off suppression measures in the whole territory (trigger=50% ICU occupancy, stopper=30% ICU occupancy) in a 0 = 2 scenario. cache = ./cache/cord-352280-nn1rgdw0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352280-nn1rgdw0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352065-960xqft4 author = Rello, Jordi title = Update in COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit from the 2020 HELLENIC Athens International Symposium date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4976 sentences = 264 flesch = 41 summary = Experts reviewed the latest literature relating to the COVID-19 pandemic in critically ill patients, such as epidemiology, pathophysiology, phenotypes of infection, COVID-19 as a systematic infection, molecular diagnosis, mechanical ventilation, thromboprophylaxis, COVID-19 associated co-infections, immunotherapy, plasma treatment, Catheter-Related bloodstream infections, artificial intelligence for COVID-19, and vaccination. A major problem of the coronavirus pandemic is the considerable burden imposed on National Health Systems worldwide due to the hyperacute outbreak and the proportional increase of patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) support in an extremely limited period of time, while outcomes vary according to the burden of the disease in each country. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the primary cause of death in COVID-19 [7] and a recent scope review found that for COVID-19, < 5% of patients were reported as experiencing bacterial/fungal coinfection at admission, but development of secondary infections during ICU admission is common [8, 9] . cache = ./cache/cord-352065-960xqft4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352065-960xqft4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354167-j6l3hq1h author = Algassim, Abdulrahman A. title = Prognostic significance of hemoglobin level and autoimmune hemolytic anemia in SARS-CoV-2 infection date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3638 sentences = 205 flesch = 54 summary = In a disease where there are acute inflammation and compromised oxygenation, we investigated the impact of initial hemoglobin (Hgb) levels at Emergency Department (ED) triage on the severity and the clinical course of COVID-19. All COVID-19 patients admitted to the hospital with at least one anemic reading (Hgb < 12.5 g/dL) and higher than normal LDH levels were screened for IgG and C3 DAT using ORTHO VISION® MAX Analyzer from Ortho Clinical Diagnostics (Raritan, NJ). In a total of 601 adult patients confirmed by PCR to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 ( Fig. 1) , the mean Hgb level at ED triage for patients requiring admission was significantly lower than that of patients sent to hotel isolation (13.08 g/dL vs. In COVID-19 patients, there is also a higher propensity to bleed due to either iatrogenic anticoagulation or DIC; both can be additional contributing factors for the decrease of Hgb. Since ICU patients have a deeper decline in Hgb, our data suggests that the drop is related to the severity of inflammation associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-354167-j6l3hq1h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354167-j6l3hq1h.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354194-hf5ndv5f author = Cook, Mackenzie title = Prioritizing Communication in the Provision of Palliative Care for the Trauma Patient date = 2020-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7933 sentences = 359 flesch = 45 summary = Communicating clearly as part of providing high-quality palliative care in the intensive care unit (ICU) is about guiding difficult decisions, defining goals of care, explaining the impact of acute surgical problems on future quality of life, and facilitating transitions to end of life care [2, 3] . Given that the vast majority of severely injured trauma patients in the ICU have limited abilities to function as their own decision makers, this discussion will primarily focus on the interactions with family and surrogate decision makers as this is the group most in need of high-quality communication [6, 37] . The routine integration of trained palliative care subspecialists in the ICU has been associated with improved quality of life, higher rates of formal advance directives, and greater utilization of hospice service as well as less frequent use of certain non-beneficial life-prolonging treatments for critically ill patients at the end of life [49] . cache = ./cache/cord-354194-hf5ndv5f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354194-hf5ndv5f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341063-3rqnu5bu author = nan title = 38th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 20-23 March 2018 date = 2018-03-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 98602 sentences = 6494 flesch = 52 summary = Procacitonin (PCT) emerges as a possible predictive tool in cardiothoracic intensive care unit (CTICU).We aim at testing the predictive power of PCT for early morbidity, prolonged ventilation, ICU and hospital stay, in patients developing early fever after cardiac surgery Methods: A retrospective descriptive study done in tertiary cardiac center, enrolling patients who stayed for more than 24 hours post-operatively in the CTICU Risk stratification included additive Euro score and PCT immunoluminometricaly prior to surgery and every 48 hours in response to onset of fever. Prognostic accuracy of quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score for mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis Introduction: The purpose of this study was to summarize the evidence assessing the qSOFA [1] , calculated in admission of the patient in emergency department (ED) or intensive care unit (ICU), as a predictor of mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-341063-3rqnu5bu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341063-3rqnu5bu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355038-o2hr5mox author = nan title = Proceedings of Réanimation 2020, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress date = 2020-02-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 102485 sentences = 7028 flesch = 52 summary = Conclusion: In patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS, a higher tidal volume under PSV within the 72 h following neuromuscular blockers cessation is independently associated with the 28-day mortality.Compliance with ethics regulations: Yes. Kaplan-Meier estimate of the cumulative probability of survival according to the mean tidal volume (Vt)-lower of higher than 8 ml/ kg-under pressure support ventilation (PSV) during the "transition period" transfusion is associated with adverse events, and equipoise remains on the optimal transfusion strategy in oncologic patients in surgical setting. Compliance with ethics regulations: Yes. Patients and methods: In a retrospective monocentric study (01/2013-01/2017) conducted in cardio-vascular surgical intensive care unit (ICU) in Henri Mondor teaching hospital, all consecutive adult patients who underwent peripheral VA-ECMO were included, with exclusion of those dying in the first 24 h. Compliance with ethics regulations: Yes. Rationale: Acute respiratory failure is the leading reason for intensive care unit (ICU) admission in immunocompromised patients and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation has become a major clinical end-point in randomized controlled trials (RCT). cache = ./cache/cord-355038-o2hr5mox.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355038-o2hr5mox.txt ===== Reducing email addresses cord-003798-nki2sasr cord-004646-zhessjqh cord-010775-1f9g4t5y cord-013443-x74uxdi4 cord-011189-c0ytamge cord-014538-6a2pviol cord-005646-xhx9pzhj cord-027811-vk3qnumx cord-264889-1vsvcza2 cord-271536-pscw933i cord-276359-syr9av09 cord-278993-w5aa0elj cord-277879-7ftu9b9q cord-285291-pep4opiq cord-296511-y2vhh6oq cord-305074-wz17u4e7 cord-304736-lkjsh3fu cord-306315-vt2e0crh cord-310089-kfxtctn3 cord-315143-s0nfejq8 cord-321149-hffj7s4o cord-334367-w96iqo6q cord-335894-6m0nnufu cord-338531-hsh9425f cord-338403-mfde6juv cord-335975-m6lkrehi cord-356371-w9ejgzvu cord-355038-o2hr5mox Creating transaction Updating adr table ===== Reducing keywords cord-001322-7xmxcm35 cord-004263-m1ujhhsc cord-002847-w3r0oetd cord-001725-pw7coi3v cord-003701-i70ztypg cord-003198-1kw5v6rm cord-003085-7krf1yxz cord-000349-k0p166fr cord-004404-s6udpwxq cord-004487-hrkj2y8o cord-001938-n2d5fw2f cord-000683-mig5zt5p cord-000891-5r2in1gw cord-004284-2prli5s1 cord-001536-ta1i0ata cord-000892-l9862er0 cord-005600-gsbbjb5y cord-004515-x22q1f21 cord-000522-d498qj2b cord-002011-u6dfp6gf cord-004532-flo9139j cord-004450-daxz9yhp cord-004096-obrq7q57 cord-004422-oep1grwq cord-000812-mu5u5bvj cord-006760-mgrxo21j cord-004540-2b1vjhgn cord-003798-nki2sasr cord-005585-lc3fqhb0 cord-005569-9d51l6bn cord-004031-sw60qbbj cord-005692-n4vxazst cord-005589-ocnce92z cord-004147-9bcq3jnm cord-004168-rqd9b13s cord-003832-q1422ydi cord-005603-kjcbbgse cord-006714-q7wy76e2 cord-005750-54hul2lw cord-005795-sgi54hq8 cord-005496-cnwg4dnn cord-005503-hm8tvkt3 cord-004646-zhessjqh cord-004268-raayrjmd cord-004427-dy9v9asg cord-005808-w0763esk cord-000705-w52dc97h cord-003376-2qi4aibx cord-006308-s5le8ugm cord-010566-tciwtxud cord-006366-qpjvmwmp cord-011159-k2kca8zl cord-010775-1f9g4t5y cord-011211-79stfqrd cord-005606-c8c2rfzi cord-010813-94v8zchf cord-007560-nck4f5ny cord-006869-g2q1gpp0 cord-007818-jfp9uumb cord-011314-at65nvda cord-006975-u5ecibta cord-011418-hy8xmtiq cord-011359-3lcjw873 cord-011210-afcmln4w cord-006876-v2m5l5wz cord-005816-i54q5gsu cord-006545-c12m75gq cord-013443-x74uxdi4 cord-005777-6rvfsx4p cord-012560-p5s0p7fd cord-011327-zsoc4wec cord-009417-458rrhcm cord-005881-oswgjaxz cord-014987-nycbjqn6 cord-011189-c0ytamge cord-003532-lcgeingz cord-011483-zc6ve6le cord-011332-dzl09afq cord-014670-e31g8lns cord-011029-sbds5sda cord-015061-pl5ag6zz cord-015090-n6f4xupw cord-015082-l629n8is cord-015640-zdwmxaz3 cord-005497-w81ysjf9 cord-014538-6a2pviol cord-006880-9dgmdtj8 cord-017227-66dx2dkv cord-005646-xhx9pzhj cord-014533-6qfecv5h cord-005727-li8pwigg cord-016109-vbzy11hc cord-016498-j72vrvqf cord-018005-53cl75gk cord-015372-76xvzvdg cord-015126-cyhcbk1j cord-017302-xez0zso3 cord-018412-kv3vxmcw cord-017771-g72qaoub cord-014996-p6q0f37c cord-017518-u2gsa4lg cord-006182-kck5e1ry cord-017489-ftz9190a cord-017772-zpf1xjqi cord-023873-fidpskcs cord-010980-sizuef1v cord-016208-u12ngkpc cord-021917-z9wpjr0d cord-019043-cqmqwl3i cord-018182-lleti89n cord-027678-k64whepc cord-025164-hqj22yxe cord-018801-amet0wx4 cord-015024-2xzc0uc5 cord-026392-cvb44v5v cord-028923-gzqd5g0k cord-025861-nsrs6dmc cord-025749-mip9mkef cord-028164-yn53209z cord-028639-mk798t8f cord-023669-3ataw6gy cord-014464-m5n250r2 cord-030927-wo8r8zny cord-029429-egoso04w cord-006870-f5w6fw6q cord-034286-m1c98nv7 cord-031327-uhrkb1p6 cord-027811-vk3qnumx cord-033291-190taco9 cord-035216-gdhz7mr4 cord-035315-j5mknuv5 cord-029770-72ncfyc5 cord-201783-66fmse66 cord-029537-hzy13fuw cord-032335-6c9gt7t9 cord-031143-a1qyadm6 cord-031710-1xl2isee cord-034185-e0am7pa6 cord-103686-er8llst4 cord-252737-sbalcd8v cord-140624-lphr5prl cord-234254-svjajpp4 cord-029516-tj93wo1s cord-254990-nrzwn6oz cord-252286-377y9aqx cord-251977-rgae9jy9 cord-124012-5zxkd2jy cord-221717-h1h2vd3r cord-034578-i9rdubix cord-048343-nzk8m912 cord-133273-kvyzuayp cord-253049-vm46wq1m cord-256533-slbfft33 cord-254818-dzsyuwpy cord-255827-xz87wg74 cord-258582-ksfs27kv cord-256424-t3dtabi4 cord-023592-w96h4rir cord-254688-1poiheen cord-258027-f3rr5el1 cord-255435-mr239gai cord-255256-8uckmya4 cord-257325-pvf0uon3 cord-257361-7q0vbvvd cord-256294-9gmn4fcj cord-257504-tqzvdssb cord-253281-95ubt4k1 cord-260822-4bselbkq cord-262022-kvezhyt5 cord-261354-8uwtwsug cord-264907-y4vefr98 cord-256790-odlcfhcr cord-256746-ggnd8y06 cord-261485-0ke5nqy0 cord-262729-qcijsyo6 cord-264614-2x7cdul3 cord-259984-csdf1a69 cord-263671-2b54qfo7 cord-264889-1vsvcza2 cord-270628-jtj30v0r cord-269914-75to9xr2 cord-266935-bkan3mwy cord-262623-lmf2h6oc cord-264829-ynel6ore cord-263703-5csf9z6s cord-265022-p5cab562 cord-268662-mw8ec7u2 cord-271536-pscw933i cord-270837-xvauo76d cord-263883-7ba0huwy cord-267237-wbwlfx7q cord-267373-nzxbogga cord-273350-b2exkw6x cord-268254-1mg7a17c cord-272349-cqzfjg5t cord-272314-6suu8n75 cord-273737-t6j3leec cord-276374-i37ygb2z cord-278638-2dm54f6l cord-277248-7qnymo98 cord-275445-d3i12m3l cord-275838-un11s2mr cord-275457-buq2d4k2 cord-276808-sax7qc85 cord-276676-lgt0rzob cord-276359-syr9av09 cord-276181-5gh0i394 cord-271146-levsbye2 cord-280942-ej8fx52u cord-276782-3fpmatkb cord-022633-fr55uod6 cord-276952-nkaow79h cord-278325-ykcd7d59 cord-268211-egy8rgtl cord-279520-zccd1mq5 cord-267296-u4svwcpt cord-283780-h4lwzpl9 cord-278993-w5aa0elj cord-286837-j2sqs20q cord-287468-e5h4tmy6 cord-284883-bkydu285 cord-278838-qraq5aho cord-282958-9bi6pobg cord-285381-6e9umbpi cord-277621-mvsdrxzf cord-015021-pol2qm74 cord-277879-7ftu9b9q cord-284526-a5kgo4ct cord-285291-pep4opiq cord-284177-otr38534 cord-284417-pmn6ll1q cord-287102-o19uwryp cord-005814-ak5pq312 cord-288222-8fqfbys2 cord-287333-h89tmi0w cord-289188-hf9sh9vs cord-287132-ellr5l4z cord-289304-9srk0ohb cord-290140-mmbzxz06 cord-287628-lzqsh3jf cord-288580-onzzpkye cord-294591-793ywpcd cord-290658-r2bqqovo cord-022501-9wnmdvg5 cord-291742-donflx7w cord-291421-mrm9paiq cord-291955-mlju5f9u cord-289550-b8f4a7o3 cord-292474-dmgd99d6 cord-292856-7hjzzxtm cord-290326-umv0q4d7 cord-293552-k3wvvnmd cord-291481-ov1gkgpc cord-293093-cq43592t cord-290460-d5e6y2r8 cord-292273-xu9pb9ul cord-297327-19dfgfz6 cord-291886-phl8kh3f cord-291434-oktu3ieq cord-295287-j3gm9vpz cord-297062-dmiplvt2 cord-289973-1mczuxsy cord-297682-knd6avhu cord-294992-p50jdpt7 cord-287732-abzpfdcu cord-295712-35i0mhz4 cord-292094-vmsdhccp cord-299104-kb5gsig5 cord-295329-y7rx3ky4 cord-296511-y2vhh6oq cord-299650-lhphdjeu cord-300892-zzl0c9nj cord-300230-a3jk6w90 cord-295332-wlnss6bg cord-297544-h5dsnex9 cord-292490-djp9onk5 cord-294270-do6i6ymq cord-300897-lih5f6cj cord-296435-6dergkha cord-301011-xbuqd0j5 cord-299254-kqpnwkg5 cord-302997-39o08tt1 cord-300356-oorac5he cord-302393-hrz3bypr cord-304061-nfpzcago cord-300176-lurzcliy cord-303024-a1y01vdv cord-302177-8w3ojgd4 cord-301336-rycbeax7 cord-304746-7yzybukk cord-305213-bt0qsbyf cord-305068-9qh8vgtc cord-303292-iheq50ub cord-302571-vb9ks4mq cord-304124-ym9mf5wz cord-308105-u5eri058 cord-307287-zpq6byml cord-305074-wz17u4e7 cord-306315-vt2e0crh cord-304736-lkjsh3fu cord-305363-4msd8mqo cord-306210-ny3vvu9h cord-305575-mdy0fcnn cord-305498-8tmtvw1r cord-308303-tgpqnoq2 cord-305434-c1jzty0u cord-309378-sfr1x0ob cord-311159-qatiqnac cord-310457-l3d1dc93 cord-311872-09jzyyin cord-310621-wnd47uss cord-310089-kfxtctn3 cord-313136-ab56mg6j cord-308188-oid3n8qf cord-316681-b46ycocg cord-312864-km07zhn1 cord-311074-j3fw4dfc cord-309294-ax6sr3zr cord-316647-jj8anf5g cord-314349-rhm1ii3d cord-312467-kbhljong cord-316938-64jxtg9y cord-309733-x4crng5j cord-314465-5beuvt8u cord-313980-jutof78v cord-313028-0nhgxoim cord-308677-dr9a3ug0 cord-316504-od7zex3f cord-314826-usfvulc2 cord-315143-s0nfejq8 cord-315864-zadogqiu cord-316829-wm6y6uwm cord-318954-pj5lsvsa cord-314737-2fun90ze cord-319642-ceur0n0b cord-319615-p2labgd8 cord-321472-n4nnmlv1 cord-321149-hffj7s4o cord-325021-rv5fsitx cord-318920-njurbf3d cord-320572-94fvtj4a cord-318984-8m9ygzn5 cord-323180-3ih0i81s cord-319427-jkxioc1j cord-325201-yoy7kdli cord-322533-adqqm0n9 cord-321735-c40m2o5l cord-325599-2gutb4m1 cord-324764-w68y4fjw cord-326315-ncfxlnpj cord-323898-054gv684 cord-322167-cpjkltsu cord-325290-hbzbyqi4 cord-324869-f14n0hk6 cord-326644-5war06j2 cord-322243-5js5nudx cord-325941-1sogg526 cord-327032-4bet4e8l cord-325700-f102uk2m cord-325664-9ool5z9s cord-326272-ya3r0h1t cord-325649-zzhsrytw cord-326532-2ehuuvnx cord-326989-l8nfd03a cord-326708-92lsnv4g cord-328948-m5h2hgpb cord-329996-f2hxpat3 cord-331481-zeaqi1uc cord-332979-eln7n6zb cord-327452-fl7yrpzs cord-329727-h47q76y8 cord-329098-vefgi5h6 cord-331369-q7opbz7v cord-332074-s824m91f cord-331500-l3hkn2li cord-333146-d55kybmz cord-334367-w96iqo6q cord-332180-dw4h69tp cord-335033-cwhm7v0s cord-334834-qg23x2pw cord-329713-dqmvpqtd cord-335894-6m0nnufu cord-335927-sbou89vg cord-335977-f00758o2 cord-337705-snwktcz5 cord-337917-vvvo5t4h cord-335351-8hdok02n cord-337499-jzpgtkai cord-336395-v157jzvv cord-338531-hsh9425f cord-339015-qn8wbnlw cord-339695-3ij5pjjy cord-338403-mfde6juv cord-341088-bqdvx458 cord-336973-z8mwzmf6 cord-339478-v7by6dnp cord-335802-1kiqfy68 cord-340069-v7yrc0q5 cord-343555-pre6bzne cord-343483-puly7tyv cord-342680-1cr2ph8x cord-339021-mhdaov1f cord-345973-fb3gkc0f cord-339670-lq46nj8j cord-347935-jfx9037u cord-335975-m6lkrehi cord-346495-irtdqbeb cord-348137-dzmbfp2g cord-346507-w9aaalgo cord-347512-veavzt6d cord-345591-zwh1xj5u cord-346229-jxlrz0ce cord-346062-q0trgj12 cord-344641-rog2h4g7 cord-343973-n5ogyxz7 cord-349263-mmfrqyrc cord-347662-yk3cz0hq cord-351264-zp41u14l cord-347790-7h25gzzl cord-350240-bmppif8g cord-344824-myaiilra cord-347833-b3yrxkt0 cord-346811-gorp9n1g cord-349516-00qqpkfd cord-353398-jrz163v2 cord-349558-vof63qat cord-351943-ouukwv73 cord-351735-x1lng449 cord-353069-xkb3xy6k cord-355410-oinbicza cord-353890-dzauzjm7 cord-352280-nn1rgdw0 cord-352065-960xqft4 cord-354167-j6l3hq1h cord-355028-1x7w1749 cord-356371-w9ejgzvu cord-350390-ukoi8jyg cord-354194-hf5ndv5f cord-341063-3rqnu5bu cord-355038-o2hr5mox Creating transaction Updating wrd table ===== Reducing urls cord-004404-s6udpwxq cord-001938-n2d5fw2f cord-004515-x22q1f21 cord-000522-d498qj2b cord-002011-u6dfp6gf cord-004450-daxz9yhp cord-005569-9d51l6bn cord-003832-q1422ydi cord-004168-rqd9b13s cord-004147-9bcq3jnm cord-005503-hm8tvkt3 cord-005496-cnwg4dnn cord-004646-zhessjqh cord-004427-dy9v9asg cord-011159-k2kca8zl cord-005606-c8c2rfzi cord-007560-nck4f5ny cord-007818-jfp9uumb cord-006975-u5ecibta cord-005777-6rvfsx4p cord-015061-pl5ag6zz cord-011332-dzl09afq cord-014533-6qfecv5h cord-014996-p6q0f37c cord-006182-kck5e1ry cord-017772-zpf1xjqi cord-010980-sizuef1v cord-027678-k64whepc cord-026392-cvb44v5v cord-025861-nsrs6dmc cord-014464-m5n250r2 cord-028164-yn53209z cord-031327-uhrkb1p6 cord-035216-gdhz7mr4 cord-027811-vk3qnumx cord-103686-er8llst4 cord-029516-tj93wo1s cord-048343-nzk8m912 cord-124012-5zxkd2jy cord-256533-slbfft33 cord-254818-dzsyuwpy cord-253049-vm46wq1m cord-256424-t3dtabi4 cord-254688-1poiheen cord-253281-95ubt4k1 cord-262022-kvezhyt5 cord-256790-odlcfhcr cord-260822-4bselbkq cord-261485-0ke5nqy0 cord-267296-u4svwcpt cord-263703-5csf9z6s cord-264829-ynel6ore cord-263883-7ba0huwy cord-271536-pscw933i cord-276374-i37ygb2z cord-273737-t6j3leec cord-278638-2dm54f6l cord-275457-buq2d4k2 cord-276808-sax7qc85 cord-280942-ej8fx52u cord-276782-3fpmatkb cord-286837-j2sqs20q cord-284883-bkydu285 cord-282958-9bi6pobg cord-277879-7ftu9b9q cord-289188-hf9sh9vs cord-287102-o19uwryp cord-288580-onzzpkye cord-287628-lzqsh3jf cord-022501-9wnmdvg5 cord-289550-b8f4a7o3 cord-293552-k3wvvnmd cord-290460-d5e6y2r8 cord-292273-xu9pb9ul cord-295287-j3gm9vpz cord-289973-1mczuxsy cord-297682-knd6avhu cord-287732-abzpfdcu cord-292094-vmsdhccp cord-300230-a3jk6w90 cord-292490-djp9onk5 cord-302997-39o08tt1 cord-304061-nfpzcago cord-302393-hrz3bypr cord-303024-a1y01vdv cord-304124-ym9mf5wz cord-304746-7yzybukk cord-302571-vb9ks4mq cord-305074-wz17u4e7 cord-304736-lkjsh3fu cord-305363-4msd8mqo cord-306210-ny3vvu9h cord-310457-l3d1dc93 cord-310089-kfxtctn3 cord-312864-km07zhn1 cord-311074-j3fw4dfc cord-309733-x4crng5j cord-313980-jutof78v cord-316504-od7zex3f cord-314826-usfvulc2 cord-308303-tgpqnoq2 cord-318954-pj5lsvsa cord-319642-ceur0n0b cord-321472-n4nnmlv1 cord-320572-94fvtj4a cord-322533-adqqm0n9 cord-325201-yoy7kdli cord-322167-cpjkltsu cord-326644-5war06j2 cord-327032-4bet4e8l cord-322243-5js5nudx cord-325700-f102uk2m cord-325649-zzhsrytw cord-326708-92lsnv4g cord-331481-zeaqi1uc cord-332979-eln7n6zb cord-327452-fl7yrpzs cord-329727-h47q76y8 cord-334367-w96iqo6q cord-332180-dw4h69tp cord-329713-dqmvpqtd cord-341088-bqdvx458 cord-345973-fb3gkc0f cord-348137-dzmbfp2g cord-346495-irtdqbeb cord-343483-puly7tyv cord-346507-w9aaalgo cord-344824-myaiilra cord-350240-bmppif8g cord-349516-00qqpkfd cord-347833-b3yrxkt0 cord-349558-vof63qat cord-353890-dzauzjm7 cord-352280-nn1rgdw0 cord-350390-ukoi8jyg Creating transaction Updating url table ===== Reducing named entities cord-001322-7xmxcm35 cord-004263-m1ujhhsc cord-002847-w3r0oetd cord-001725-pw7coi3v cord-003701-i70ztypg cord-003198-1kw5v6rm cord-003085-7krf1yxz cord-000349-k0p166fr cord-004404-s6udpwxq cord-004487-hrkj2y8o cord-001938-n2d5fw2f cord-000683-mig5zt5p cord-000891-5r2in1gw cord-004284-2prli5s1 cord-001536-ta1i0ata cord-000892-l9862er0 cord-005600-gsbbjb5y cord-004515-x22q1f21 cord-000522-d498qj2b cord-002011-u6dfp6gf cord-004532-flo9139j cord-004450-daxz9yhp cord-004096-obrq7q57 cord-004422-oep1grwq cord-000812-mu5u5bvj cord-006760-mgrxo21j cord-004540-2b1vjhgn cord-003798-nki2sasr cord-005585-lc3fqhb0 cord-005569-9d51l6bn cord-004031-sw60qbbj cord-005692-n4vxazst cord-005589-ocnce92z cord-004147-9bcq3jnm cord-004168-rqd9b13s cord-003832-q1422ydi cord-005603-kjcbbgse cord-006714-q7wy76e2 cord-005750-54hul2lw cord-005795-sgi54hq8 cord-005496-cnwg4dnn cord-005503-hm8tvkt3 cord-004646-zhessjqh cord-004268-raayrjmd cord-004427-dy9v9asg cord-005808-w0763esk cord-000705-w52dc97h cord-003376-2qi4aibx cord-006308-s5le8ugm cord-010566-tciwtxud cord-006366-qpjvmwmp cord-011159-k2kca8zl cord-010775-1f9g4t5y cord-011211-79stfqrd cord-005606-c8c2rfzi cord-010813-94v8zchf cord-007560-nck4f5ny cord-007818-jfp9uumb cord-011314-at65nvda cord-006869-g2q1gpp0 cord-006975-u5ecibta cord-011418-hy8xmtiq cord-011359-3lcjw873 cord-011210-afcmln4w cord-006545-c12m75gq cord-006876-v2m5l5wz cord-005816-i54q5gsu cord-013443-x74uxdi4 cord-009417-458rrhcm cord-005777-6rvfsx4p cord-011327-zsoc4wec cord-012560-p5s0p7fd cord-005881-oswgjaxz cord-014987-nycbjqn6 cord-011189-c0ytamge cord-003532-lcgeingz cord-011483-zc6ve6le cord-011332-dzl09afq cord-014670-e31g8lns cord-011029-sbds5sda cord-015090-n6f4xupw cord-015061-pl5ag6zz cord-015082-l629n8is cord-015640-zdwmxaz3 cord-017227-66dx2dkv cord-014538-6a2pviol cord-005497-w81ysjf9 cord-006880-9dgmdtj8 cord-014533-6qfecv5h cord-005646-xhx9pzhj cord-016109-vbzy11hc cord-005727-li8pwigg cord-016498-j72vrvqf cord-018005-53cl75gk cord-015372-76xvzvdg cord-017302-xez0zso3 cord-015126-cyhcbk1j cord-018412-kv3vxmcw cord-017771-g72qaoub cord-017518-u2gsa4lg cord-017489-ftz9190a cord-023873-fidpskcs cord-017772-zpf1xjqi cord-021917-z9wpjr0d cord-014996-p6q0f37c cord-016208-u12ngkpc cord-006182-kck5e1ry cord-010980-sizuef1v cord-019043-cqmqwl3i cord-018182-lleti89n cord-025164-hqj22yxe cord-027678-k64whepc cord-018801-amet0wx4 cord-026392-cvb44v5v cord-028923-gzqd5g0k cord-025861-nsrs6dmc cord-015024-2xzc0uc5 cord-025749-mip9mkef cord-028164-yn53209z cord-028639-mk798t8f cord-023669-3ataw6gy cord-014464-m5n250r2 cord-029429-egoso04w cord-006870-f5w6fw6q cord-034286-m1c98nv7 cord-030927-wo8r8zny cord-031327-uhrkb1p6 cord-033291-190taco9 cord-027811-vk3qnumx cord-035315-j5mknuv5 cord-035216-gdhz7mr4 cord-029770-72ncfyc5 cord-032335-6c9gt7t9 cord-029537-hzy13fuw cord-201783-66fmse66 cord-103686-er8llst4 cord-031710-1xl2isee cord-031143-a1qyadm6 cord-234254-svjajpp4 cord-140624-lphr5prl cord-252737-sbalcd8v cord-029516-tj93wo1s cord-251977-rgae9jy9 cord-254990-nrzwn6oz cord-034185-e0am7pa6 cord-048343-nzk8m912 cord-034578-i9rdubix cord-124012-5zxkd2jy cord-256533-slbfft33 cord-221717-h1h2vd3r cord-252286-377y9aqx cord-253049-vm46wq1m cord-133273-kvyzuayp cord-254818-dzsyuwpy cord-255827-xz87wg74 cord-023592-w96h4rir cord-256424-t3dtabi4 cord-258582-ksfs27kv cord-258027-f3rr5el1 cord-254688-1poiheen cord-255256-8uckmya4 cord-255435-mr239gai cord-257361-7q0vbvvd cord-256294-9gmn4fcj cord-253281-95ubt4k1 cord-257504-tqzvdssb cord-257325-pvf0uon3 cord-262022-kvezhyt5 cord-260822-4bselbkq cord-256790-odlcfhcr cord-261354-8uwtwsug cord-264907-y4vefr98 cord-262729-qcijsyo6 cord-256746-ggnd8y06 cord-261485-0ke5nqy0 cord-259984-csdf1a69 cord-264614-2x7cdul3 cord-267296-u4svwcpt cord-264829-ynel6ore cord-263883-7ba0huwy cord-263671-2b54qfo7 cord-270628-jtj30v0r cord-263703-5csf9z6s cord-262623-lmf2h6oc cord-266935-bkan3mwy cord-268662-mw8ec7u2 cord-265022-p5cab562 cord-271536-pscw933i cord-264889-1vsvcza2 cord-273350-b2exkw6x cord-269914-75to9xr2 cord-267237-wbwlfx7q cord-270837-xvauo76d cord-268254-1mg7a17c cord-272349-cqzfjg5t cord-267373-nzxbogga cord-272314-6suu8n75 cord-276374-i37ygb2z cord-278638-2dm54f6l cord-275838-un11s2mr cord-273737-t6j3leec cord-275457-buq2d4k2 cord-275445-d3i12m3l cord-276676-lgt0rzob cord-276808-sax7qc85 cord-276359-syr9av09 cord-271146-levsbye2 cord-277248-7qnymo98 cord-280942-ej8fx52u cord-276952-nkaow79h cord-022633-fr55uod6 cord-276782-3fpmatkb cord-279520-zccd1mq5 cord-278325-ykcd7d59 cord-268211-egy8rgtl cord-276181-5gh0i394 cord-283780-h4lwzpl9 cord-278993-w5aa0elj cord-284883-bkydu285 cord-286837-j2sqs20q cord-278838-qraq5aho cord-287468-e5h4tmy6 cord-282958-9bi6pobg cord-285381-6e9umbpi cord-277621-mvsdrxzf cord-277879-7ftu9b9q cord-284526-a5kgo4ct cord-284177-otr38534 cord-287333-h89tmi0w cord-285291-pep4opiq cord-288222-8fqfbys2 cord-284417-pmn6ll1q cord-287102-o19uwryp cord-287132-ellr5l4z cord-289188-hf9sh9vs cord-289304-9srk0ohb cord-290140-mmbzxz06 cord-287628-lzqsh3jf cord-288580-onzzpkye cord-294591-793ywpcd cord-005814-ak5pq312 cord-015021-pol2qm74 cord-290658-r2bqqovo cord-291955-mlju5f9u cord-291742-donflx7w cord-289550-b8f4a7o3 cord-292856-7hjzzxtm cord-293552-k3wvvnmd cord-290326-umv0q4d7 cord-291481-ov1gkgpc cord-290460-d5e6y2r8 cord-293093-cq43592t cord-292273-xu9pb9ul cord-297327-19dfgfz6 cord-291886-phl8kh3f cord-291434-oktu3ieq cord-295287-j3gm9vpz cord-297062-dmiplvt2 cord-289973-1mczuxsy cord-297682-knd6avhu cord-294992-p50jdpt7 cord-287732-abzpfdcu cord-295712-35i0mhz4 cord-292094-vmsdhccp cord-299104-kb5gsig5 cord-295329-y7rx3ky4 cord-291421-mrm9paiq cord-022501-9wnmdvg5 cord-292474-dmgd99d6 cord-299650-lhphdjeu cord-296511-y2vhh6oq cord-300892-zzl0c9nj cord-300230-a3jk6w90 cord-295332-wlnss6bg cord-292490-djp9onk5 cord-297544-h5dsnex9 cord-294270-do6i6ymq cord-300897-lih5f6cj cord-296435-6dergkha cord-301011-xbuqd0j5 cord-299254-kqpnwkg5 cord-302997-39o08tt1 cord-300356-oorac5he cord-302393-hrz3bypr cord-304061-nfpzcago cord-300176-lurzcliy cord-303024-a1y01vdv cord-302177-8w3ojgd4 cord-301336-rycbeax7 cord-304746-7yzybukk cord-305213-bt0qsbyf cord-305068-9qh8vgtc cord-304124-ym9mf5wz cord-302571-vb9ks4mq cord-303292-iheq50ub cord-308105-u5eri058 cord-307287-zpq6byml cord-305074-wz17u4e7 cord-304736-lkjsh3fu cord-306315-vt2e0crh cord-305363-4msd8mqo cord-306210-ny3vvu9h cord-305498-8tmtvw1r cord-308303-tgpqnoq2 cord-309378-sfr1x0ob cord-311159-qatiqnac cord-305434-c1jzty0u cord-311872-09jzyyin cord-310621-wnd47uss cord-310457-l3d1dc93 cord-310089-kfxtctn3 cord-313136-ab56mg6j cord-305575-mdy0fcnn cord-308188-oid3n8qf cord-312864-km07zhn1 cord-316681-b46ycocg cord-311074-j3fw4dfc cord-309294-ax6sr3zr cord-316647-jj8anf5g cord-314349-rhm1ii3d cord-312467-kbhljong cord-316938-64jxtg9y cord-314465-5beuvt8u cord-309733-x4crng5j cord-313980-jutof78v cord-308677-dr9a3ug0 cord-313028-0nhgxoim cord-316504-od7zex3f cord-314826-usfvulc2 cord-315143-s0nfejq8 cord-315864-zadogqiu cord-316829-wm6y6uwm cord-314737-2fun90ze cord-319642-ceur0n0b cord-318954-pj5lsvsa cord-319615-p2labgd8 cord-321472-n4nnmlv1 cord-321149-hffj7s4o cord-325021-rv5fsitx cord-318920-njurbf3d cord-320572-94fvtj4a cord-318984-8m9ygzn5 cord-319427-jkxioc1j cord-323180-3ih0i81s cord-325201-yoy7kdli cord-322533-adqqm0n9 cord-321735-c40m2o5l cord-326315-ncfxlnpj cord-324764-w68y4fjw cord-325599-2gutb4m1 cord-322167-cpjkltsu cord-323898-054gv684 cord-325290-hbzbyqi4 cord-324869-f14n0hk6 cord-326644-5war06j2 cord-322243-5js5nudx cord-325941-1sogg526 cord-327032-4bet4e8l cord-325700-f102uk2m cord-325664-9ool5z9s cord-326272-ya3r0h1t cord-325649-zzhsrytw cord-326532-2ehuuvnx cord-326989-l8nfd03a cord-329996-f2hxpat3 cord-328948-m5h2hgpb cord-326708-92lsnv4g cord-331481-zeaqi1uc cord-332979-eln7n6zb cord-327452-fl7yrpzs cord-329727-h47q76y8 cord-331369-q7opbz7v cord-331500-l3hkn2li cord-332074-s824m91f cord-329098-vefgi5h6 cord-332180-dw4h69tp cord-333146-d55kybmz cord-335033-cwhm7v0s cord-334834-qg23x2pw cord-334367-w96iqo6q cord-329713-dqmvpqtd cord-335894-6m0nnufu cord-335927-sbou89vg cord-337917-vvvo5t4h cord-335977-f00758o2 cord-335351-8hdok02n cord-337499-jzpgtkai cord-336395-v157jzvv cord-338531-hsh9425f cord-337705-snwktcz5 cord-339015-qn8wbnlw cord-339695-3ij5pjjy cord-338403-mfde6juv cord-341088-bqdvx458 cord-336973-z8mwzmf6 cord-339478-v7by6dnp cord-340069-v7yrc0q5 cord-335802-1kiqfy68 cord-343555-pre6bzne cord-343483-puly7tyv cord-342680-1cr2ph8x cord-339021-mhdaov1f cord-345973-fb3gkc0f cord-339670-lq46nj8j cord-347935-jfx9037u cord-346495-irtdqbeb cord-348137-dzmbfp2g cord-346507-w9aaalgo cord-347512-veavzt6d cord-345591-zwh1xj5u cord-344641-rog2h4g7 cord-335975-m6lkrehi cord-344824-myaiilra cord-346229-jxlrz0ce cord-347662-yk3cz0hq cord-346062-q0trgj12 cord-351264-zp41u14l cord-343973-n5ogyxz7 cord-349263-mmfrqyrc cord-347790-7h25gzzl cord-349516-00qqpkfd cord-350240-bmppif8g cord-347833-b3yrxkt0 cord-351943-ouukwv73 cord-353398-jrz163v2 cord-349558-vof63qat cord-355410-oinbicza cord-346811-gorp9n1g cord-353890-dzauzjm7 cord-351735-x1lng449 cord-353069-xkb3xy6k cord-354167-j6l3hq1h cord-350390-ukoi8jyg cord-355028-1x7w1749 cord-352280-nn1rgdw0 cord-354194-hf5ndv5f cord-352065-960xqft4 cord-356371-w9ejgzvu cord-341063-3rqnu5bu cord-355038-o2hr5mox Creating transaction Updating ent table ===== Reducing parts of speech cord-002847-w3r0oetd cord-001322-7xmxcm35 cord-004263-m1ujhhsc cord-001725-pw7coi3v cord-003198-1kw5v6rm cord-003701-i70ztypg cord-003085-7krf1yxz cord-000349-k0p166fr cord-004404-s6udpwxq cord-004487-hrkj2y8o cord-001938-n2d5fw2f cord-000683-mig5zt5p cord-000891-5r2in1gw cord-004284-2prli5s1 cord-001536-ta1i0ata cord-000892-l9862er0 cord-005600-gsbbjb5y cord-004515-x22q1f21 cord-000522-d498qj2b cord-002011-u6dfp6gf cord-004450-daxz9yhp cord-004422-oep1grwq cord-004532-flo9139j cord-000812-mu5u5bvj cord-004096-obrq7q57 cord-004540-2b1vjhgn cord-006760-mgrxo21j cord-003798-nki2sasr cord-005585-lc3fqhb0 cord-004031-sw60qbbj cord-005692-n4vxazst cord-005569-9d51l6bn cord-005589-ocnce92z cord-004147-9bcq3jnm cord-004168-rqd9b13s cord-003832-q1422ydi cord-005603-kjcbbgse cord-006714-q7wy76e2 cord-005750-54hul2lw cord-005795-sgi54hq8 cord-005496-cnwg4dnn cord-005503-hm8tvkt3 cord-004646-zhessjqh cord-004268-raayrjmd cord-004427-dy9v9asg cord-010775-1f9g4t5y cord-005808-w0763esk cord-000705-w52dc97h cord-003376-2qi4aibx cord-006308-s5le8ugm cord-010566-tciwtxud cord-006366-qpjvmwmp cord-011159-k2kca8zl cord-011211-79stfqrd cord-005606-c8c2rfzi cord-010813-94v8zchf cord-007560-nck4f5ny cord-007818-jfp9uumb cord-011314-at65nvda cord-006975-u5ecibta cord-011418-hy8xmtiq cord-011359-3lcjw873 cord-011210-afcmln4w cord-006545-c12m75gq cord-013443-x74uxdi4 cord-012560-p5s0p7fd cord-011327-zsoc4wec cord-011189-c0ytamge cord-014987-nycbjqn6 cord-011332-dzl09afq cord-011483-zc6ve6le cord-006869-g2q1gpp0 cord-009417-458rrhcm cord-011029-sbds5sda cord-015061-pl5ag6zz cord-015640-zdwmxaz3 cord-017227-66dx2dkv cord-014670-e31g8lns cord-005777-6rvfsx4p cord-006876-v2m5l5wz cord-015082-l629n8is cord-015090-n6f4xupw cord-016498-j72vrvqf cord-005881-oswgjaxz cord-016109-vbzy11hc cord-018005-53cl75gk cord-017302-xez0zso3 cord-017518-u2gsa4lg cord-018412-kv3vxmcw cord-005816-i54q5gsu cord-017771-g72qaoub cord-017489-ftz9190a cord-023873-fidpskcs cord-017772-zpf1xjqi cord-003532-lcgeingz cord-021917-z9wpjr0d cord-014538-6a2pviol cord-015372-76xvzvdg cord-016208-u12ngkpc cord-005646-xhx9pzhj cord-015126-cyhcbk1j cord-019043-cqmqwl3i cord-018182-lleti89n cord-027678-k64whepc cord-006880-9dgmdtj8 cord-014533-6qfecv5h cord-018801-amet0wx4 cord-025164-hqj22yxe cord-028164-yn53209z cord-026392-cvb44v5v cord-028639-mk798t8f cord-025749-mip9mkef cord-025861-nsrs6dmc cord-028923-gzqd5g0k cord-029429-egoso04w cord-034286-m1c98nv7 cord-023669-3ataw6gy cord-030927-wo8r8zny cord-031327-uhrkb1p6 cord-033291-190taco9 cord-006182-kck5e1ry cord-027811-vk3qnumx cord-005497-w81ysjf9 cord-005727-li8pwigg cord-014996-p6q0f37c cord-035315-j5mknuv5 cord-029770-72ncfyc5 cord-035216-gdhz7mr4 cord-032335-6c9gt7t9 cord-201783-66fmse66 cord-029537-hzy13fuw cord-031710-1xl2isee cord-031143-a1qyadm6 cord-034185-e0am7pa6 cord-103686-er8llst4 cord-015024-2xzc0uc5 cord-140624-lphr5prl cord-252737-sbalcd8v cord-029516-tj93wo1s cord-254990-nrzwn6oz cord-124012-5zxkd2jy cord-252286-377y9aqx cord-251977-rgae9jy9 cord-221717-h1h2vd3r cord-234254-svjajpp4 cord-048343-nzk8m912 cord-256533-slbfft33 cord-034578-i9rdubix cord-253049-vm46wq1m cord-254818-dzsyuwpy cord-255827-xz87wg74 cord-256424-t3dtabi4 cord-258582-ksfs27kv cord-255435-mr239gai cord-010980-sizuef1v cord-014464-m5n250r2 cord-254688-1poiheen cord-258027-f3rr5el1 cord-133273-kvyzuayp cord-255256-8uckmya4 cord-006870-f5w6fw6q cord-257325-pvf0uon3 cord-257361-7q0vbvvd cord-257504-tqzvdssb cord-256294-9gmn4fcj cord-253281-95ubt4k1 cord-262022-kvezhyt5 cord-260822-4bselbkq cord-264907-y4vefr98 cord-256790-odlcfhcr cord-256746-ggnd8y06 cord-261354-8uwtwsug cord-262729-qcijsyo6 cord-261485-0ke5nqy0 cord-259984-csdf1a69 cord-267296-u4svwcpt cord-264614-2x7cdul3 cord-263703-5csf9z6s cord-263671-2b54qfo7 cord-023592-w96h4rir cord-267237-wbwlfx7q cord-264889-1vsvcza2 cord-270628-jtj30v0r cord-263883-7ba0huwy cord-269914-75to9xr2 cord-264829-ynel6ore cord-262623-lmf2h6oc cord-270837-xvauo76d cord-266935-bkan3mwy cord-268662-mw8ec7u2 cord-271536-pscw933i cord-265022-p5cab562 cord-267373-nzxbogga cord-268254-1mg7a17c cord-273350-b2exkw6x cord-272314-6suu8n75 cord-272349-cqzfjg5t cord-273737-t6j3leec cord-276374-i37ygb2z cord-278638-2dm54f6l cord-275838-un11s2mr cord-275457-buq2d4k2 cord-275445-d3i12m3l cord-276808-sax7qc85 cord-276359-syr9av09 cord-277248-7qnymo98 cord-276181-5gh0i394 cord-276676-lgt0rzob cord-271146-levsbye2 cord-280942-ej8fx52u cord-278325-ykcd7d59 cord-276952-nkaow79h cord-279520-zccd1mq5 cord-276782-3fpmatkb cord-268211-egy8rgtl cord-283780-h4lwzpl9 cord-278993-w5aa0elj cord-287468-e5h4tmy6 cord-286837-j2sqs20q cord-284883-bkydu285 cord-278838-qraq5aho cord-285381-6e9umbpi cord-282958-9bi6pobg cord-284177-otr38534 cord-277621-mvsdrxzf cord-277879-7ftu9b9q cord-284526-a5kgo4ct cord-285291-pep4opiq cord-284417-pmn6ll1q cord-287102-o19uwryp cord-288222-8fqfbys2 cord-287333-h89tmi0w cord-287132-ellr5l4z cord-289188-hf9sh9vs cord-289304-9srk0ohb cord-287628-lzqsh3jf cord-294591-793ywpcd cord-288580-onzzpkye cord-290658-r2bqqovo cord-291742-donflx7w cord-022633-fr55uod6 cord-291955-mlju5f9u cord-291421-mrm9paiq cord-289550-b8f4a7o3 cord-292474-dmgd99d6 cord-292856-7hjzzxtm cord-290326-umv0q4d7 cord-293552-k3wvvnmd cord-291481-ov1gkgpc cord-290460-d5e6y2r8 cord-293093-cq43592t cord-292273-xu9pb9ul cord-290140-mmbzxz06 cord-297327-19dfgfz6 cord-291886-phl8kh3f cord-291434-oktu3ieq cord-297062-dmiplvt2 cord-015021-pol2qm74 cord-295287-j3gm9vpz cord-289973-1mczuxsy cord-297682-knd6avhu cord-294992-p50jdpt7 cord-022501-9wnmdvg5 cord-287732-abzpfdcu cord-295712-35i0mhz4 cord-299104-kb5gsig5 cord-005814-ak5pq312 cord-292094-vmsdhccp cord-295329-y7rx3ky4 cord-299650-lhphdjeu cord-296511-y2vhh6oq cord-300892-zzl0c9nj cord-300230-a3jk6w90 cord-295332-wlnss6bg cord-292490-djp9onk5 cord-297544-h5dsnex9 cord-300897-lih5f6cj cord-294270-do6i6ymq cord-296435-6dergkha cord-301011-xbuqd0j5 cord-299254-kqpnwkg5 cord-302997-39o08tt1 cord-300356-oorac5he cord-302393-hrz3bypr cord-304061-nfpzcago cord-300176-lurzcliy cord-303024-a1y01vdv cord-302177-8w3ojgd4 cord-301336-rycbeax7 cord-304746-7yzybukk cord-305213-bt0qsbyf cord-305068-9qh8vgtc cord-303292-iheq50ub cord-304124-ym9mf5wz cord-302571-vb9ks4mq cord-307287-zpq6byml cord-308105-u5eri058 cord-305074-wz17u4e7 cord-304736-lkjsh3fu cord-306315-vt2e0crh cord-305363-4msd8mqo cord-306210-ny3vvu9h cord-305498-8tmtvw1r cord-305575-mdy0fcnn cord-308303-tgpqnoq2 cord-305434-c1jzty0u cord-309378-sfr1x0ob cord-311872-09jzyyin cord-311159-qatiqnac cord-310457-l3d1dc93 cord-310621-wnd47uss cord-310089-kfxtctn3 cord-313136-ab56mg6j cord-308188-oid3n8qf cord-312864-km07zhn1 cord-316681-b46ycocg cord-311074-j3fw4dfc cord-309294-ax6sr3zr cord-316647-jj8anf5g cord-314349-rhm1ii3d cord-312467-kbhljong cord-316938-64jxtg9y cord-309733-x4crng5j cord-314465-5beuvt8u cord-313980-jutof78v cord-308677-dr9a3ug0 cord-313028-0nhgxoim cord-316504-od7zex3f cord-315143-s0nfejq8 cord-314826-usfvulc2 cord-315864-zadogqiu cord-316829-wm6y6uwm cord-318954-pj5lsvsa cord-314737-2fun90ze cord-319642-ceur0n0b cord-321472-n4nnmlv1 cord-319615-p2labgd8 cord-325021-rv5fsitx cord-321149-hffj7s4o cord-320572-94fvtj4a cord-318920-njurbf3d cord-318984-8m9ygzn5 cord-319427-jkxioc1j cord-323180-3ih0i81s cord-325201-yoy7kdli cord-322533-adqqm0n9 cord-321735-c40m2o5l cord-325599-2gutb4m1 cord-324764-w68y4fjw cord-326315-ncfxlnpj cord-323898-054gv684 cord-324869-f14n0hk6 cord-325290-hbzbyqi4 cord-322167-cpjkltsu cord-326644-5war06j2 cord-322243-5js5nudx cord-325941-1sogg526 cord-327032-4bet4e8l cord-325700-f102uk2m cord-325664-9ool5z9s cord-326272-ya3r0h1t cord-325649-zzhsrytw cord-326989-l8nfd03a cord-326532-2ehuuvnx cord-329996-f2hxpat3 cord-328948-m5h2hgpb cord-331481-zeaqi1uc cord-326708-92lsnv4g cord-332979-eln7n6zb cord-327452-fl7yrpzs cord-331369-q7opbz7v cord-329727-h47q76y8 cord-329098-vefgi5h6 cord-331500-l3hkn2li cord-333146-d55kybmz cord-332074-s824m91f cord-332180-dw4h69tp cord-335033-cwhm7v0s cord-334367-w96iqo6q cord-329713-dqmvpqtd cord-335894-6m0nnufu cord-335927-sbou89vg cord-337917-vvvo5t4h cord-335977-f00758o2 cord-334834-qg23x2pw cord-335351-8hdok02n cord-336395-v157jzvv cord-337705-snwktcz5 cord-339015-qn8wbnlw cord-337499-jzpgtkai cord-338531-hsh9425f cord-338403-mfde6juv cord-339695-3ij5pjjy cord-341088-bqdvx458 cord-336973-z8mwzmf6 cord-339478-v7by6dnp cord-335802-1kiqfy68 cord-340069-v7yrc0q5 cord-342680-1cr2ph8x cord-343555-pre6bzne cord-343483-puly7tyv cord-339021-mhdaov1f cord-345973-fb3gkc0f cord-339670-lq46nj8j cord-346495-irtdqbeb cord-347935-jfx9037u cord-346507-w9aaalgo cord-347512-veavzt6d cord-348137-dzmbfp2g cord-345591-zwh1xj5u cord-344641-rog2h4g7 cord-346229-jxlrz0ce cord-344824-myaiilra cord-346062-q0trgj12 cord-347662-yk3cz0hq cord-351264-zp41u14l cord-343973-n5ogyxz7 cord-349263-mmfrqyrc cord-347790-7h25gzzl cord-347833-b3yrxkt0 cord-350240-bmppif8g cord-346811-gorp9n1g cord-349558-vof63qat cord-349516-00qqpkfd cord-351943-ouukwv73 cord-355410-oinbicza cord-353398-jrz163v2 cord-351735-x1lng449 cord-353069-xkb3xy6k cord-353890-dzauzjm7 cord-352065-960xqft4 cord-355028-1x7w1749 cord-354167-j6l3hq1h cord-356371-w9ejgzvu cord-350390-ukoi8jyg cord-354194-hf5ndv5f cord-352280-nn1rgdw0 cord-335975-m6lkrehi cord-355038-o2hr5mox cord-341063-3rqnu5bu Creating transaction Updating pos table Building ./etc/reader.txt cord-006870-f5w6fw6q cord-005497-w81ysjf9 cord-006182-kck5e1ry cord-005497-w81ysjf9 cord-005727-li8pwigg cord-015024-2xzc0uc5 number of items: 440 sum of words: 3,681,612 average size in words: 10,924 average readability score: 46 nouns: patients; study; care; mortality; data; results; group; hospital; days; patient; treatment; time; risk; admission; analysis; blood; cases; infection; age; methods; disease; outcome; rate; injury; use; ventilation; therapy; years; sepsis; studies; levels; groups; failure; pneumonia; pressure; day; score; factors; number; period; outcomes; management; surgery; hours; unit; level; case; model; shock; trauma verbs: used; included; associated; increased; showed; compared; performed; following; require; received; admitted; reported; identified; based; found; evaluated; treated; assess; reduced; developing; determine; improving; present; considered; providing; measured; related; suggests; made; needed; occur; decreased; defined; observed; remains; obtained; undergone; according; collected; describe; predicting; given; leading; induced; studied; causing; demonstrated; took; analyze; resulting adjectives: clinical; severe; respiratory; acute; high; significant; higher; intensive; non; first; medical; ill; mean; cardiac; critical; early; mechanical; positive; different; septic; patient; pulmonary; lower; low; surgical; available; common; new; median; prospective; initial; retrospective; important; specific; negative; total; covid-19; renal; primary; similar; major; invasive; arterial; normal; post; cerebral; antibiotic; possible; poor; multiple adverbs: also; however; significantly; critically; well; respectively; often; therefore; even; especially; prior; still; statistically; frequently; previously; less; mechanically; clinically; recently; commonly; prospectively; least; particularly; potentially; later; highly; moreover; furthermore; usually; mainly; first; currently; finally; independently; retrospectively; approximately; rather; alone; already; immediately; rapidly; directly; relatively; initially; daily; early; now; almost; overall; probably pronouns: we; our; it; their; they; its; i; them; he; she; his; her; us; one; itself; you; themselves; your; my; me; him; mrs; himself; ours; em; s; iicas; rrt; theirs; cha; ourselves; oneself; myself; herself; 's; thee; p=0.0007; n20s; mg; enroll; aptt; ≥151; ≥110; ζ; ¼0.57; yourself; wi~; u; tv/; tsd proper nouns: ICU; COVID-19; ARDS; Care; CI; SARS; II; ED; mg; CT; Hospital; ±; VAP; S.; Intensive; Fig; C; AKI; CoV-2; C.; PCR; L; APACHE; ICH; University; kg; ICP; TBI; China; Table; ECMO; January; IQR; Health; SAH; M.; LPS; LOS; Group; E.; A; GCS; IL-6; IV; T; ICUs; NIV; EEG; Medical; TNF keywords: icu; patient; covid-19; care; study; ards; sars; result; group; method; hospital; day; vap; intensive; conclusion; mortality; aki; tbi; introduction; icp; high; ecmo; case; university; h1n1; apache; sofa; niv; level; january; gcs; sepsis; infection; eeg; cap; pneumonia; peep; los; iqr; hiv; increase; critical; score; respiratory; pct; outcome; model; lps; delirium; blood one topic; one dimension: patients file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4056764/ titles(s): Patients with community acquired pneumonia admitted to European intensive care units: an epidemiological survey of the GenOSept cohort three topics; one dimension: patients; patients; patients file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7159364/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17278083/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7172567/ titles(s): SAEM Abstracts, Plenary Session | Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults | Abstracts cont. five topics; three dimensions: patients icu study; patients icu covid; patients results trauma; patients patient care; patients blood group file(s): https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-018-1973-5, http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.30.20165050v1?rss=1, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7172567/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103251/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095534/ titles(s): 38th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 20-23 March 2018 | Quantification of the association between predisposing health conditions, demographic, and behavioural factors with hospitalisation, intensive care unit admission, and death from COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis | Abstracts cont. | Neurocritical Care Society 14(th) Annual Meeting | 8th European Congress of Intensive Care Medicine Athens - Greece, October 18–22, 1995 Abstracts Type: cord title: keyword-icu-cord date: 2021-05-25 time: 00:34 username: emorgan patron: Eric Morgan email: emorgan@nd.edu input: keywords:icu ==== make-pages.sh htm files ==== make-pages.sh complex files ==== make-pages.sh named enities ==== making bibliographics id: cord-295332-wlnss6bg author: AL Shareef, Khaled title: Cytokine Blood Filtration Responses in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-28 words: 2679.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295332-wlnss6bg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295332-wlnss6bg.txt summary: This work reviews effective methods of using filtration devices in treatment to reduce the level of various inflammatory mediators and discharge patients from the ICU faster. Another study involved 38 patients with septic shock associated with AKI who were treated with CVVHD with HCO membrane for 72 h. A crossover randomized double-blinded study was conducted to investigate the effect of the oXiris membrane on 16 septic shock patients with AKI. This membrane with continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF) was used to treat 34 septic shock patients in addition to the conventional treatment according to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines. Severe acute pancreatitis patients (the study group) were treated with a combination of CPFA and CVVH, while the control group received CVVH. The authors recommend using blood filtration devices in addition to current treatment to reduce the number of patients admitted to ICUs. Correction to: clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. abstract: The real issue with the COVID-19 pandemic is that a rapidly increasing number of patients with life-threatening complications are admitted in hospitals and are not well-administered. Although a limited number of patients use the intensive care unit (ICU), they consume medical resources, safety equipment, and enormous equipment with little possibility of rapid recovery and ICU discharge. This work reviews effective methods of using filtration devices in treatment to reduce the level of various inflammatory mediators and discharge patients from the ICU faster. Extracorporeal technologies have been reviewed as a medical approach to absorb cytokines. Although these devices do not kill or remove the virus, they are a promising solution for treating patients and their faster removal from the ICU, thus relieving the bottleneck. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32464624/ doi: 10.1159/000508278 id: cord-028164-yn53209z author: Abe, Toshikazu title: Epidemiology of sepsis and septic shock in intensive care units between sepsis-2 and sepsis-3 populations: sepsis prognostication in intensive care unit and emergency room (SPICE-ICU) date: 2020-06-30 words: 3093.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-028164-yn53209z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-028164-yn53209z.txt summary: Sepsis-3 was established to improve risk stratification among patients with infection based on organ failures, but it has been still controversial compared with previous definitions. RESULTS: In total, 618 patients with suspected infection were admitted to 22 ICUs during the study, of whom 530 (85.8%) met the sepsis-2 definition and 569 (92.1%) met the sepsis-3 definition. Patients with infection in ICUs were compared according to whether they met sepsis-2 or sepsis-3 definition. Characteristics and in-hospital mortality were compared according to sepsis-2 and sepsis-3 definitions in this prospective observational cohort of ICU patients. In our cohort, 96 (16%) patients had "not available" (NA) sepsis-3 baseline SOFA, which was indicated as zero according to the sepsis-3 definition, although all data of chronic organ failures were tried to obtain. A majority of the patients who were admitted to the ICU with suspected infection met sepsis-2 and sepsis-3 definitions. abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnosing sepsis remains difficult because it is not a single disease but a syndrome with various pathogen- and host factor-associated symptoms. Sepsis-3 was established to improve risk stratification among patients with infection based on organ failures, but it has been still controversial compared with previous definitions. Therefore, we aimed to describe characteristics of patients who met sepsis-2 (severe sepsis) and sepsis-3 definitions. METHODS: This was a multicenter, prospective cohort study conducted by 22 intensive care units (ICUs) in Japan. Adult patients (≥ 16 years) with newly suspected infection from December 2017 to May 2018 were included. Those without infection at final diagnosis were excluded. Patient’s characteristics and outcomes were described according to whether they met each definition or not. RESULTS: In total, 618 patients with suspected infection were admitted to 22 ICUs during the study, of whom 530 (85.8%) met the sepsis-2 definition and 569 (92.1%) met the sepsis-3 definition. The two groups comprised different individuals, and 501 (81.1%) patients met both definitions. In-hospital mortality of study population was 19.1%. In-hospital mortality among patients with sepsis-2 and sepsis-3 patients was comparable (21.7% and 19.8%, respectively). Patients exclusively identified with sepsis-2 or sepsis-3 had a lower mortality (17.2% vs. 4.4%, respectively). No patients died if they did not meet any definitions. Patients who met sepsis-3 shock definition had higher in-hospital mortality than those who met sepsis-2 shock definition. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients with infection admitted to ICU meet sepsis-2 and sepsis-3 criteria. However, in-hospital mortality did not occur if patients did not meet any criteria. Better criteria might be developed by better selection and combination of elements in both definitions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN000027452 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7324770/ doi: 10.1186/s40560-020-00465-0 id: cord-033291-190taco9 author: Aboelnile, Diaaeldin Badr Metwally Kotb title: Prediction of fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients in surgical intensive care unit by pleth variability index and inferior vena cava diameter date: 2020-10-07 words: 4213.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033291-190taco9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033291-190taco9.txt summary: This study is aiming to compare the effectiveness and reliability of the pleth variability index (PVI) and IVC distensibility index (dIVC) as predictors of fluid responsiveness by simultaneous recordings in all sedated mechanically ventilated patients in the surgical intensive care unit (ICU). Based on this idea, dynamic measurements such as pulse pressure variation (PPV) and stroke volume variation (SVV) were used to predict fluid responsiveness in a more accurate way, especially in sedated mechanically ventilated patients, but due to being invasive and affected by multiple clinical factors (Marik & Lemson, 2014) , non-invasive bedside and continuous techniques became more popular (Haas et al., 2012) . The results of our study showed that assessment of PVI and dIVC non-invasively were good predictors for fluid management and responsiveness prediction using PLR technique in the surgical ICU mechanically ventilated patients. Value of variation index of inferior vena cava diameter in predicting fluid responsiveness in patients with circulatory shock receiving mechanical ventilation: a systematic review and meta-analysis abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients may have signs of hypovolemia, but fluid administration is not always beneficial. We are in need of bedside devices and techniques, which can predict fluid responsiveness effectively and safely. This study is aiming to compare the effectiveness and reliability of the pleth variability index (PVI) and IVC distensibility index (dIVC) as predictors of fluid responsiveness by simultaneous recordings in all sedated mechanically ventilated patients in the surgical intensive care unit (ICU). We used the passive leg raising test (PLR) as a harmless reversible technique for fluid challenge, and patients were considered responders if the cardiac index (CI) measured by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) increased ≥ 15% after passive leg raising test (PLR). RESULTS: This observational cross-sectional study was performed randomly on 88 intubated ventilated sedated patients. Compared with CI measured by transthoracic echocardiography, the dIVC provided 79.17% sensitivity and 80% specificity at a threshold value of > 19.42% for fluid responsiveness prediction and was statistically significant (P < .0001), with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.886 (0.801–0.944), while PVI at a threshold value of > 14% provided 93.75% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity and was statistically significant (P < .0001), with an AUC of 0.969 (0.889–0.988). CONCLUSION: PVI and dIVC are effective non-invasive bedside methods for the assessment of fluid responsiveness in ICU for intubated ventilated sedated patients with sinus rhythm, but PVI has the advantage of being continuous, operator-independent, and more reliable than dIVC. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7538846/ doi: 10.1186/s42077-020-00097-4 id: cord-346495-irtdqbeb author: Ackland, G. J. title: The long term predictions from Imperial College CovidSim Report 9 date: 2020-06-22 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: We present calculations using the CovidSim code which implements the Imperial College individual-based model of the COVID epidemic. Using the parameterization assumed in March 2020, we reproduce the predictions presented to inform UK government policy in March 2020. We find that CovidSim would have given a good forecast of the subsequent data if a higher initial value of R0 had been assumed. We then investigate further the whole trajectory of the epidemic, presenting results not previously published. We find that while prompt interventions are highly effective at reducing peak ICU demand, none of the pro- posed mitigation strategies reduces the predicted total number of deaths below 200,000. Surprisingly, some interventions such as school closures were predicted to increase the projected total number of deaths. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.18.20135004 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.18.20135004 id: cord-347833-b3yrxkt0 author: Ahlström, Björn title: A nationwide study of the long-term prevalence of dementia and its risk factors in the Swedish intensive care cohort date: 2020-09-04 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Developing dementia is feared by many for its detrimental effects on cognition and independence. Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that sepsis is a risk factor for the later development of dementia. We aimed to investigate whether intensive care-treated sepsis is an independent risk factor for a later diagnosis of dementia in a large cohort of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. METHODS: We identified adult patients admitted to an ICU in 2005 to 2015 and who survived without a dementia diagnosis 1 year after intensive care admission using the Swedish Intensive Care Registry, collecting data from all Swedish general ICUs. Comorbidity, the diagnosis of dementia and mortality, was retrieved from the Swedish National Patient Registry, the Swedish Dementia Registry, and the Cause of Death Registry. Sepsis during intensive care served as a covariate in an extended Cox model together with age, sex, and variables describing comorbidities and acute disease severity. RESULTS: One year after ICU admission 210,334 patients were alive and without a diagnosis of dementia; of these, 16,115 (7.7%) had a diagnosis of sepsis during intensive care. The median age of the cohort was 61 years (interquartile range, IQR 43–72). The patients were followed for up to 11 years (median 3.9 years, IQR 1.7–6.6). During the follow-up, 6312 (3%) patients were diagnosed with dementia. Dementia was more common in individuals diagnosed with sepsis during their ICU stay (log-rank p < 0.001), however diagnosis of sepsis during critical care was not an independent risk factor for a later dementia diagnosis in an extended Cox model: hazard ratio (HR) 1.01 (95% confidence interval 0.91–1.11, p = 0.873). Renal replacement therapy and ventilator therapy during the ICU stay were protective. High age was a strong risk factor for later dementia, as was increasing severity of acute illness, although to a lesser extent. However, the severity of comorbidities and the length of ICU and hospital stay were not independent risk factors in the model. CONCLUSION: Although dementia is more common among patients treated with sepsis in the ICU, sepsis was not an independent risk factor for later dementia in the Swedish national critical care cohort. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered a priori with the Australian and New Zeeland Clinical Trials Registry (registration no. ACTRN12618000533291). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32887659/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03203-y id: cord-340069-v7yrc0q5 author: Al Maani, Amal title: Ongoing Challenges with Healthcare-Associated Candida auris Outbreaks in Oman date: 2019-10-23 words: 4497.0 sentences: 239.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340069-v7yrc0q5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340069-v7yrc0q5.txt summary: Most isolates had non-susceptible fluconazole (100%) and amphotericin B (33%) minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), but had low echinocandin and voriconazole MICs. Despite multimodal infection prevention and control measures, new cases continued to appear, challenging all the containment efforts. The first case of candidemia during this outbreak was identified in June Among the infected cohort, 20 (63%) patients had been admitted to the ICU prior to the diagnosis but 11 (34.4%) were in other medical or surgical wards ( Figure 1 ). auris (rapid acquisition and spread within affected facilities, high mortality rates, challenging environmental decontamination, and high levels of antifungal resistance) underscore the importance of rapid containment of the spread of this public health pathogen, including developing rapid and accurate diagnostic tools at the point of care [20, 44] and investing in infection control and antimicrobial stewardship programs. abstract: Candida auris has emerged in the past decade as a multi-drug resistant public health threat causing health care outbreaks. Here we report epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological investigations of a C. auris outbreak in a regional Omani hospital between April 2018 and April 2019. The outbreak started in the intensive care areas (intensive care unit (ICU), coronary care unit (CCU), and high dependency unit) but cases were subsequently diagnosed in other medical and surgical units. In addition to the patients’ clinical and screening samples, environmental swabs from high touch areas and from the hands of 35 staff were collected. All the positive samples from patients and environmental screening were confirmed using MALDI-TOF, and additional ITS-rDNA sequencing was done for ten clinical and two environmental isolates. There were 32 patients positive for C. auris of which 14 (43.8%) had urinary tract infection, 11 (34.4%) had candidemia, and 7 (21.8%) had asymptomatic skin colonization. The median age was 64 years (14–88) with 17 (53.1%) male and 15 (46.9%) female patients. Prior to diagnosis, 21 (65.6%) had been admitted to the intensive care unit, and 11 (34.4%) had been nursed in medical or surgical wards. The crude mortality rate in our patient’s cohort was 53.1. Two swabs collected from a ventilator in two different beds in the ICU were positive for C. auris. None of the health care worker samples were positive. Molecular typing showed that clinical and environmental isolates were genetically similar and all belonged to the South Asian C. auris clade I. Most isolates had non-susceptible fluconazole (100%) and amphotericin B (33%) minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), but had low echinocandin and voriconazole MICs. Despite multimodal infection prevention and control measures, new cases continued to appear, challenging all the containment efforts. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31652825/ doi: 10.3390/jof5040101 id: cord-331481-zeaqi1uc author: Al-Ani, Fatimah title: Thrombosis risk associated with COVID-19 infection. A scoping review date: 2020-05-27 words: 4640.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331481-zeaqi1uc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331481-zeaqi1uc.txt summary: DISCUSSION: A number of pressing issues were identified by this review, including defining the true incidence of VTE in COVID patients, developing algorithms to identify those susceptible to develop thrombotic complications and severe disease, determining the role of biomarkers and/or scoring systems to stratify patients'' risk, designing adequate and feasible diagnostic protocols for PE, establishing the optimal thromboprophylaxis strategy, and developing uniform diagnostic and reporting criteria. Given the rapid emergence of new evidence we sought to conduct a scoping review of coagulopathy and thrombosis risk associated with COVID-19 infection with the aim of providing an overview of the current knowledge on this topic and potentially inform new areas of research. Limitations of evidence include: 1) all studies were limited to a single ethnic population, and extrapolation of this data to other populations might not be accurate, and 2) except for the study by Tang With regards to association with mortality, Zhou and colleagues reported a significantly higher prothrombin time (>16 seconds) in non-survivors (n=54) compared to survivors (n=137) (13% vs. abstract: BACKGROUND: Infection by the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has been reportedly associated with a high risk of thrombotic complications. So far information is scarce and rapidly emerging. METHODS: We conducted a scoping review using a single engine search for studies assessing thrombosis and coagulopathy in COVID-19 patients. Additional studies were identified by secondary review and alert services. RESULTS: Studies reported the occurrence of venous thromboembolism and stroke in approximately 20% and 3% of patients, respectively. A higher frequency seems to be present in severely ill patients, in particular those admitted to intensive care units. The thrombotic risk is elevated despite the use of anticoagulant prophylaxis but optimal doses of anticoagulation are not yet defined. Although and increase of biomarkers such as D-dimer has been consistently reported in severely ill COVID-19, the optimal cut-off level and prognostic value are not known. DISCUSSION: A number of pressing issues were identified by this review, including defining the true incidence of VTE in COVID patients, developing algorithms to identify those susceptible to develop thrombotic complications and severe disease, determining the role of biomarkers and/or scoring systems to stratify patients' risk, designing adequate and feasible diagnostic protocols for PE, establishing the optimal thromboprophylaxis strategy, and developing uniform diagnostic and reporting criteria. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0049384820302115 doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.05.039 id: cord-345591-zwh1xj5u author: Al-Dorzi, Hasan M. title: The critical care response to a hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: an observational study date: 2016-10-24 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has caused several hospital outbreaks, including a major outbreak at King Abdulaziz Medical City, a 940-bed tertiary-care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (August–September 2015). To learn from our experience, we described the critical care response to the outbreak. METHODS: This observational study was conducted at the Intensive Care Department which covered 5 ICUs with 60 single-bedded rooms. We described qualitatively and, as applicable, quantitatively the response of intensive care services to the outbreak. The clinical course and outcomes of healthcare workers (HCWs) who had MERS were noted. RESULTS: Sixty-three MERS patients were admitted to 3 MERS-designated ICUs during the outbreak (peak census = 27 patients on August 25, 2015, and the last new case on September 13, 2015). Most patients had multiorgan failure. Eight HCWs had MERS requiring ICU admission (median stay = 28 days): Seven developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, four were treated with prone positioning, four needed continuous renal replacement therapy and one had extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The hospital mortality of ICU MERS patients was 63.4 % (0 % for the HCWs). In response to the outbreak, the number of negative-pressure rooms was increased from 14 to 38 rooms in 3 MERS-designated ICUs. Patients were managed with a nurse-to-patient ratio of 1:0.8. Infection prevention practices were intensified. As a surrogate, surface disinfectant and hand hygiene gel consumption increased by ~30 % and 17 N95 masks were used per patient/day on average. Family visits were restricted to 2 h/day. Although most ICU staff expressed concerns about acquiring MERS, all reported to work normally. During the outbreak, 27.0 % of nurses and 18.4 % of physicians working in the MERS-designated ICUs reported upper respiratory symptoms, and were tested for MERS-CoV. Only 2/196 (1.0 %) ICU nurses and 1/80 (1.3 %) physician tested positive, had mild disease and recovered fully. The total sick leave duration was 138 days for nurses and 30 days for physicians. CONCLUSIONS: Our hospital outbreak of MERS resulted in 63 patients requiring organ support and prolonged ICU stay with a high mortality rate. The ICU response required careful facility and staff management and proper infection control and prevention practices. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27778310/ doi: 10.1186/s13613-016-0203-z id: cord-354167-j6l3hq1h author: Algassim, Abdulrahman A. title: Prognostic significance of hemoglobin level and autoimmune hemolytic anemia in SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-09-12 words: 3638.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354167-j6l3hq1h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354167-j6l3hq1h.txt summary: In a disease where there are acute inflammation and compromised oxygenation, we investigated the impact of initial hemoglobin (Hgb) levels at Emergency Department (ED) triage on the severity and the clinical course of COVID-19. All COVID-19 patients admitted to the hospital with at least one anemic reading (Hgb < 12.5 g/dL) and higher than normal LDH levels were screened for IgG and C3 DAT using ORTHO VISION® MAX Analyzer from Ortho Clinical Diagnostics (Raritan, NJ). In a total of 601 adult patients confirmed by PCR to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 ( Fig. 1) , the mean Hgb level at ED triage for patients requiring admission was significantly lower than that of patients sent to hotel isolation (13.08 g/dL vs. In COVID-19 patients, there is also a higher propensity to bleed due to either iatrogenic anticoagulation or DIC; both can be additional contributing factors for the decrease of Hgb. Since ICU patients have a deeper decline in Hgb, our data suggests that the drop is related to the severity of inflammation associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: Higher levels of D-dimer, LDH, and ferritin, all have been associated with the poor prognosis of COVID-19. In a disease where there are acute inflammation and compromised oxygenation, we investigated the impact of initial hemoglobin (Hgb) levels at Emergency Department (ED) triage on the severity and the clinical course of COVID-19. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 601 COVID-19 patients in a COVID-19 national referral center between 13 and 27 June 2020. All adult patients presented at our hospital that required admission or hotel isolation were included in this study. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) had a lower initial Hgb than those admitted outside the ICU (12.84 g/dL vs. 13.31 g/dL, p = 0.026) and over the course of admission; the prevalence of anemia (Hgb < 12.5 g/dL) was 65% in patients admitted to ICU, whereas it was only 43% in non-ICU patients (odds ratio of 2.464, 95% CI 1.71–3.52). Anemic ICU patients had a higher mortality compared with non-anemic ICU patients (hazard ratio = 1.88, log-rank p = 0.0104). A direct agglutination test (DAT) for all anemic patients showed that 14.7% of ICU patients and 9% of non-ICU patients had autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). AIHA patients had significantly longer length of hospital stay compared with anemic patients without AIHA (17.1 days vs. 14.08 days, p = 0.034). Lower Hgb level at hospital presentation could be a potential surrogate for COVID-19 severity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32918594/ doi: 10.1007/s00277-020-04256-3 id: cord-270628-jtj30v0r author: Alharthy, Abdulrahman title: Prospective Longitudinal Evaluation of Point‐of‐Care Lung Ultrasound in Critically Ill Patients With Severe COVID‐19 Pneumonia date: 2020-08-14 words: 4249.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270628-jtj30v0r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270628-jtj30v0r.txt summary: [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Lung US was suggested to be particularly useful during the COVID-19 pandemic because of its ability to identify subtle lung parenchymal changes early in the course of disease, monitor the evolution of pulmonary lesions in hospitalized patients, and guide mechanical ventilation therapy in critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome. [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] Chest computed tomography (CT) rapidly became the mainstream imaging method in the diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 pneumonia by identifying the typical pattern of ground glass opacities with variable infiltrates and consolidations, while showing a high correlation with laboratory detection of the virus by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] Hence, in this study, the primary end point was to analyze the lung US findings in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia or admission to the ICU longitudinally throughout their disease course. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To perform a prospective longitudinal analysis of lung ultrasound findings in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). METHODS: Eighty‐nine intensive care unit (ICU) patients with confirmed COVID‐19 were prospectively enrolled and tracked. Point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) examinations were performed with phased array, convex, and linear transducers using portable machines. The thorax was scanned in 12 lung areas: anterior, lateral, and posterior (superior/inferior) bilaterally. Lower limbs were scanned for deep venous thrombosis and chest computed tomographic angiography was performed to exclude suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). Follow‐up POCUS was performed weekly and before hospital discharge. RESULTS: Patients were predominantly male (84.2%), with a median age of 43 years. The median duration of mechanical ventilation was 17 (interquartile range, 10–22) days; the ICU length of stay was 22 (interquartile range, 20.2–25.2) days; and the 28‐day mortality rate was 28.1%. On ICU admission, POCUS detected bilateral irregular pleural lines (78.6%) with accompanying confluent and separate B‐lines (100%), variable consolidations (61.7%), and pleural and cardiac effusions (22.4% and 13.4%, respectively). These findings appeared to signify a late stage of COVID‐19 pneumonia. Deep venous thrombosis was identified in 16.8% of patients, whereas chest computed tomographic angiography confirmed PE in 24.7% of patients. Five to six weeks after ICU admission, follow‐up POCUS examinations detected significantly lower rates (P < .05) of lung abnormalities in survivors. CONCLUSIONS: Point‐of‐care ultrasound depicted B‐lines, pleural line irregularities, and variable consolidations. Lung ultrasound findings were significantly decreased by ICU discharge, suggesting persistent but slow resolution of at least some COVID‐19 lung lesions. Although POCUS identified deep venous thrombosis in less than 20% of patients at the bedside, nearly one‐fourth of all patients were found to have computed tomography–proven PE. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32797661/ doi: 10.1002/jum.15417 id: cord-331369-q7opbz7v author: Alharthy, Abdulrahman title: Configuring a hospital in the COVID-19 era by integrating crisis management logistics date: 2020-07-23 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.365 doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.365 id: cord-256294-9gmn4fcj author: Almazrou, Saja H. title: Comparing the impact of Hydroxychloroquine based regimens and standard treatment on COVID-19 patient outcomes: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-10-01 words: 3011.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256294-9gmn4fcj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256294-9gmn4fcj.txt summary: title: Comparing the impact of Hydroxychloroquine based regimens and standard treatment on COVID-19 patient outcomes: A retrospective cohort study Despite the recommendation to use HCQ in COVID-19 patients in the MOH protocol, no observational studies or RCTs that evaluate the efficacy of these drugs in the Saudi Arabian population have been published. Therefore, the objective of this observational study is to compare the effects of HCQ and standard care (SC) on length of hospital stay, ICU admission, and mechanical ventilation use among COVID-19 patients. Collected data included patients'' basic information (e.g. age, gender, nationality); medication prescribed; and information on hospitalization, cases requiring ICU care, and mechanical ventilation. Despite the shorter length of hospital stay and time in ICU among patients who received HCQ based treatment, as well as the smaller proportions of patients who needed ICU care and mechanical ventilation in this group, the results indicated no significant differences in these outcomes between the two cohorts. abstract: Background Pharmacological treatments including antivirals (Lopinavir/Ritonavir), Immuno-modulatory and anti-inflammatory drugs including, Tocilizumab and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been widely investigated as a treatment for COVID-19. Despite the ongoing controversies, HCQ was recommended for managing mild to moderate cases in Saudi Arabia . However, to our knowledge, no previous studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia to assess its effectiveness. Methods A hospital-based retrospective cohort study involving 161 patients with COVID-19 was conducted from March 1 to May 20, 2020. The study was conducted at Prince Mohammed bin Abdul Aziz Hospital (PMAH). The population included hospitalized adults (age ≥18 years) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Each eligible patient was followed from the time of admission until the time of discharge. Patients were classified into two groups according to treatment type: in the HCQ group, patients were treated with HCQ; in the SC group, patients were treated with other antiviral or antibacterial treatments according to Ministry of Health (MOH) protocols The outcomes were hospitalization days, ICU admission, and the need for mechanical ventilation. We estimated the differences in hospital length of stay and time in the ICU between the HCQ group and the standard care (SC) group using a multivariate generalized linear regression. The differences in ICU admission and mechanical ventilation were compared via logistic regression. All models were adjusted for age and gender variables. Results A total of 161 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Approximately 59% (n=95) received HCQ-based treatment, and 41% (n=66) received SC. Length of hospital stay and time in ICU in for patients who received HCQ based treatment was shorter than those who received SC. Similarly, there was less need for ICU admission and mechanical ventilation among patients who received HCQ based treatment compared with SC, (8.6% vs. 10.7 and 3.1% vs. 9.1%). However, the regression analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups in terms of patient outcomes. Conclusion HCQ had a modest effect on hospital length stay and days in ICU compared with SC. However, these results need to be interpreted with caution. Larger observational studies and RCTs that evaluate the efficacy of HCQ in COVID-19 patients in the Saudi population are urgently needed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33020690/ doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.09.019 id: cord-297062-dmiplvt2 author: Almekhlafi, Ghaleb A. title: Presentation and outcome of Middle East respiratory syndrome in Saudi intensive care unit patients date: 2016-05-07 words: 4407.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297062-dmiplvt2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297062-dmiplvt2.txt summary: authors: Almekhlafi, Ghaleb A.; Albarrak, Mohammed M.; Mandourah, Yasser; Hassan, Sahar; Alwan, Abid; Abudayah, Abdullah; Altayyar, Sultan; Mustafa, Mohamed; Aldaghestani, Tareef; Alghamedi, Adnan; Talag, Ali; Malik, Muhammad K.; Omrani, Ali S.; Sakr, Yasser BACKGROUND: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection is associated with high mortality rates but limited clinical data have been reported. We describe the clinical features and outcomes of patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of data from all adult (>18 years old) patients admitted to our 20-bed mixed ICU with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection between October 1, 2012 and May 31, 2014. We performed a retrospective study to describe the clinical features and outcomes of patients admitted to our ICU with laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV infection. This report describes the clinical features and outcomes of 31critically ill patients with confirmed Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. abstract: BACKGROUND: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection is associated with high mortality rates but limited clinical data have been reported. We describe the clinical features and outcomes of patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of data from all adult (>18 years old) patients admitted to our 20-bed mixed ICU with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection between October 1, 2012 and May 31, 2014. Diagnosis was confirmed in all patients using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on respiratory samples. RESULTS: During the observation period, 31 patients were admitted with MERS-CoV infection (mean age 59 ± 20 years, 22 [71 %] males). Cough and tachypnea were reported in all patients; 22 (77.4 %) patients had bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Invasive mechanical ventilation was applied in 27 (87.1 %) and vasopressor therapy in 25 (80.6 %) patients during the intensive care unit stay. Twenty-three (74.2 %) patients died in the ICU. Nonsurvivors were older, had greater APACHE II and SOFA scores on admission, and were more likely to have received invasive mechanical ventilation and vasopressor therapy. After adjustment for the severity of illness and the degree of organ dysfunction, the need for vasopressors was an independent risk factor for death in the ICU (odds ratio = 18.33, 95 % confidence interval: 1.11–302.1, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: MERS-CoV infection requiring admission to the ICU is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The need for vasopressor therapy is the main risk factor for death in these patients. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13054-016-1303-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-016-1303-8 doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1303-8 id: cord-271146-levsbye2 author: Almuabbadi, Basel title: Novel transportation capsule technology could reduce the exposure risk to SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers: A feasibility study date: 2020-07-22 words: 344.0 sentences: 32.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271146-levsbye2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271146-levsbye2.txt summary: title: Novel transportation capsule technology could reduce the exposure risk to SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers: A feasibility study Also, 109 HCWs were employed for the transportation of COVID-19 patients: 39 physicians, 20 respiratory physiotherapists, 20 ICU nurses, and 30 paramedics (Fig. 1) . Moreover, all awake (ie, nonintubated) patients reported a high level of comfort during transportation. In conclusion, the insulated patient capsule has proven to be an efficient technology for the transportation of COVID-19 patients. Most importantly, none of our HCWs was infected in the transportation process. COVID-19: protecting health-care workers Escalating infection control response to the rapidly evolving epidemiology of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 in Hong Kong COVID-19 and the risk to healthcare workers: a case report No financial support was provided relevant to this article.Conflicts of interest. All authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.352 doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.352 id: cord-303024-a1y01vdv author: Alshukry, A. title: Clinical characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Kuwait date: 2020-06-16 words: 4904.0 sentences: 317.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303024-a1y01vdv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303024-a1y01vdv.txt summary: Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 showed a high degree of variability including asymptomatic carriers, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARD), and pneumonia with variable severity 4, 5 . The medical records of the confirmed COVID-19 cases admitted to Jaber Al-Ahmad Hospital in Kuwait between 24/2/2020 and 24/5/2020 were included in the study. Numerous markers showed significant differences between the symptomatic/mild group and patients admitted to ICU, including complete blood count (CBC) ( Table. Markers related to renal function showed significant abnormalities in the ICU death group, including declined eGFR and increased urea (Table. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.14.20131045 doi: medRxiv preprint injury including Troponin and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) showed significant increase in subjects admitted to ICU and in particular the ICU death group (Table. We tracked the levels of 6 blood markers associated with infection, inflammation, and kidney function in ICU patients to study disease progression and outcome. abstract: Abstract Background: In early December 2019, the first clusters of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) were identified in Wuhan, China and attributed to a novel coronavirus, now known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV2). Kuwait reported its first cases of COVID-19 on February 24th 2020 and since then the number of cases has been increasing rapidly. Methods and Findings: This is a retrospective single-center study of consecutive 417 COVID-19 patients admitted to Jaber Al-Ahmad hospital between 24/2/2020 and 24/5/2020. The mean age of cohort was 45.35 years (S.D. 17.16) and 62.8% of cases were males. Patients were divided into four groups; Asymptomatic group, symptomatic group with mild form of the disease, ICU survivors and ICU death. In total, 39.3% of patients were asymptomatic, 41% were symptomatic with mild symptoms, 5.3% were admitted to ICU and recovered and 14.4% died. Mean age of ICU patients was 53.61 years (S.D. 13.43). Comorbidities were more prevalent in ICU death group when compared to other groups (p<0.05) including Diabetes (40%), Hypertension (46.7%), Asthma (20.3%) and cardiovascular disease (21.7%). Blood biochemistry analysis showed that ICU death group had a characteristic abnormal pattern of certain markers upon admission in the ICU. Including significantly high WBC and neutrophil counts (P<0.05) and prolonged Prothrombin Time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (P<0.05). D-dimer, C-reactive protein and Procalcitonin (PCT) showed significantly high levels in ICU admissions and in ICU death group in particular (P<0.05). Kidney injury complications were reported in 65% of ICU death group (P<0.05) which also showed significantly elevated urea levels (P<0.05). We also reported rapid deteriorating kidney function (eGFR) in ICU death cases during ICU stay until the outcome was reached. Conclusions: In this single-center study of 417 COVID19 patients in Kuwait. The disease showed varying degree of severity ranging from asymptomatic status to death. Our comprehensive laboratory analysis revealed distinct abnormal patterns of markers that are associated with poor prognosis. Our dynamic profiling of eGFR in COVID-19 ICU patients highlight potential role of renal markers in forecasting disease outcome and perhaps identify patients at risk of poor outcome. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.14.20131045 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.14.20131045 id: cord-256790-odlcfhcr author: Alviset, S. title: Continuous positive airway pressure face-mask ventilation to manage massive influx of patients requiring respiratory support during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak date: 2020-06-03 words: 3865.0 sentences: 240.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256790-odlcfhcr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256790-odlcfhcr.txt summary: From 27th March to 23rd April, consecutive patients receiving 10 to 15 l/min of oxygen with a non-rebreather mask, who had signs of respiratory failure or were unable to maintain an SpO2 > 90%, were treated by CPAP with a face-mask unless the ICU physician judged that immediate intubation was indicated. The following baseline patient characteristics were retrieved from patient electronic medical record : sex, age, comorbidities, body mass index (BMI), withholding / withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies, associated COVID-19 therapies (antivirals, steroids, immuno-modulating therapies, prone positioning), oxygen flow rate and SpO2 before and after starting CPAP treatment, duration of CPAP treatment, medical unit where CPAP treatment was performed, reasons for discontinuation of CPAP, duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, SAPS2 score for patients admitted in ICU, driving pressure and P/F ratio on first day of mechanical ventilation. abstract: Background: Since December 2019, a global outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is responsible for massive influx of patients with acute respiratory failure in hospitals. We describe the characteristics, clinical course, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in a large public hospital in France. Method: It is a single centre retrospective observational cohort. From 27th March to 23rd April, consecutive patients receiving 10 to 15 l/min of oxygen with a non-rebreather mask, who had signs of respiratory failure or were unable to maintain an SpO2 > 90%, were treated by CPAP with a face-mask unless the ICU physician judged that immediate intubation was indicated. The main outcome under study was reasons for CPAP discontinuation. Results: A total of 585 patients were admitted in Delafontaine hospital for COVID-19. ICU was quickly overwhelmed. Fifty-nine out of 159 (37%) patients requiring ICU care had to be referred to other hospitals. CPAP therapy was initiated in 49 patients and performed out of ICU in 41 (84%). Reasons for discontinuation of CPAP were intubation for invasive ventilation in 25 (51%) patients, improvement in 16 (33%), poor tolerance in 6 (12%) and death in 2 (4%). A decision not to intubate had been taken for the 2 patients who died while on CPAP. Conclusions: Treatment with CPAP is feasible and safe in a non-ICU environment in the context of a massive influx of patients. One third of these patients with high oxygen requirements did not eventually need invasive ventilation. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.01.20118018v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.01.20118018 id: cord-311074-j3fw4dfc author: Alviset, Sophie title: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) face-mask ventilation is an easy and cheap option to manage a massive influx of patients presenting acute respiratory failure during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-10-14 words: 4842.0 sentences: 254.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311074-j3fw4dfc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311074-j3fw4dfc.txt summary: title: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) face-mask ventilation is an easy and cheap option to manage a massive influx of patients presenting acute respiratory failure during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: A retrospective cohort study From 27th March to 23rd April, consecutive patients who had respiratory failure or were unable to maintain an SpO2 > 90%, despite receiving 10–15 l/min of oxygen with a non-rebreather mask, were treated by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) unless the ICU physician judged that immediate intubation was indicated. The following baseline patient characteristics were retrieved from patient electronic medical record: sex, age, comorbidities, body mass index (BMI), withholding / withdrawal of lifesustaining therapies, associated COVID-19 therapies administered before the primary outcome under study occurred (antivirals, corticosteroids, immuno-modulating therapies, prone positioning), oxygen flow rate and SpO2 before and after starting CPAP treatment, duration of CPAP treatment, medical unit where CPAP treatment was performed, duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, SAPS2 score for patients admitted in ICU, driving pressure and P/F ratio on first day of mechanical ventilation. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, intensive care units (ICU) can be overwhelmed by the number of hypoxemic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This single centre retrospective observational cohort study took place in a French hospital where the number of patients exceeded the ICU capacity despite an increase from 18 to 32 beds. Because of this, 59 (37%) of the 159 patients requiring ICU care were referred to other hospitals. From 27th March to 23rd April, consecutive patients who had respiratory failure or were unable to maintain an SpO2 > 90%, despite receiving 10–15 l/min of oxygen with a non-rebreather mask, were treated by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) unless the ICU physician judged that immediate intubation was indicated. We describe the characteristics, clinical course, and outcomes of these patients. The main outcome under study was CPAP discontinuation. RESULTS: CPAP was initiated in 49 patients and performed out of ICU in 41 (84%). Median age was 65 years (IQR = 54–71) and 36 (73%) were men. Median respiratory rate before CPAP was 36 (30–40) and median SpO2 was 92% (90–95) under 10 to 15 L/min oxygen flow. Median duration of CPAP was 3 days (IQR = 1–5). Reasons for discontinuation of CPAP were: intubation in 25 (51%), improvement in 16 (33%), poor tolerance in 6 (12%) and death in 2 (4%) patients. A decision not to intubate had been taken for 8 patients, including the 2 who died while on CPAP. Two patients underwent less than one hour CPAP for poor tolerance. In the end, 15 (38%) out of 39 evaluable patients recovered with only CPAP whereas 24 (62%) were intubated. CONCLUSIONS: CPAP is feasible in a non-ICU environment in the context of massive influx of patients. In our cohort up to 1/3 of the patients presenting with acute respiratory failure recovered without intubation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33052968/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240645 id: cord-287102-o19uwryp author: Amit, Moran title: Clinical Course and Outcomes of Severe Covid-19: A National Scale Study date: 2020-07-18 words: 4182.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287102-o19uwryp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287102-o19uwryp.txt summary: The factors associated with outcomes of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) who required treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU) are yet to be determined. The recorded data included the following: age, sex, medical comorbidities (i.e., smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, chronic heart failure, cancer, chronic kidney disease, immunosuppression, cirrhosis, and dementia), medication history, vital signs, chest X-rays, laboratory studies on admission to the ICU, anti-Covid-19 pharmacological therapy in the ICU (antimalarials, antivirals, anti-inflammatories, and plasma from recovered patients), respiratory support method (invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation and oxygen mask), renal replacement therapy, nutrition methods (enteral and total parenteral nutrition), the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), complications, and outcome. In this nation-based registry study of critically ill patients with Covid-19 who were admitted to ICUs in Israel, the majority of patients were 55 years and older men, and a large proportion required mechanical ventilation. abstract: Knowledge of the outcomes of critically ill patients is crucial for health and government officials who are planning how to address local outbreaks. The factors associated with outcomes of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) who required treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU) are yet to be determined. Methods: This was a retrospective registry-based case series of patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 who were referred for ICU admission and treated in the ICUs of the 13 participating centers in Israel between 5 March and 27 April 2020. Demographic and clinical data including clinical management were collected and subjected to a multivariable analysis; primary outcome was mortality. Results: This study included 156 patients (median age = 72 years (range = 22–97 years)); 69% (108 of 156) were male. Eighty-nine percent (139 of 156) of patients had at least one comorbidity. One hundred three patients (66%) required invasive mechanical ventilation. As of 8 May 2020, the median length of stay in the ICU was 10 days (range = 0–37 days). The overall mortality rate was 56%; a multivariable regression model revealed that increasing age (OR = 1.08 for each year of age, 95%CI = 1.03–1.13), the presence of sepsis (OR = 1.08 for each year of age, 95%CI = 1.03–1.13), and a shorter ICU stay(OR = 0.90 for each day, 95% CI = 0.84–0.96) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: In our case series, we found lower mortality rates than those in exhausted health systems. The results of our multivariable model suggest that further evaluation is needed of antiviral and antibacterial agents in the treatment of sepsis and secondary infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32708357/ doi: 10.3390/jcm9072282 id: cord-016208-u12ngkpc author: Andersen, Bjørg Marit title: Intensive Patient Treatment date: 2018-09-25 words: 4579.0 sentences: 334.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-016208-u12ngkpc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-016208-u12ngkpc.txt summary: Intensive care units (ICUs) are treating hospital''s poorest patients that need medical assistance during the most extreme period of their life. Intensive patients are treated with extensive invasive procedures, which may cause a risk of hospital infections in 10–30% of the cases. The hospital''s management should provide resources and written guidelines regarding infection control work, proper patient/care ratio, sufficient patient areas, isolation capacity and documented competence. Intensive care unit (ICU) should have a large enough area and furnished for a good, safe and effective infection protection [1] . Recent studies indicate that patients in separate ICU rooms will have fewer hospital infections and thus a lower risk of fatal outcome [72, 73] . An outbreak of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated with increased risk of patient death in an intensive care unit Single rooms may help to prevent nosocomial blood stream infection and cross-transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in intensive care units abstract: Intensive care units (ICUs) are treating hospital’s poorest patients that need medical assistance during the most extreme period of their life. Intensive patients are treated with extensive invasive procedures, which may cause a risk of hospital infections in 10–30% of the cases. More than half of these infections can be prevented. The patients are often admitted directly from outside the hospital or from abroad with trauma after accidents, serious heart and lung conditions, sepsis and other life-threatening diseases. Infection or carrier state of microbes is often unknown on arrival and poses a risk of transmission to other patients, personnel and the environment. Patients that are transferred between different healthcare levels and institutions with unknown infection may be a particular risk for other patients. In spite of the serious state of the patients, many ICUs have few resources and are overcrowded and understaffed, with a lack of competent personnel. ICU should have a large enough area and be designed, furnished and staffed for a good, safe and effective infection control. The following chapter is focused on practical measures to reduce the incidence of infections among ICU patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120427/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-99921-0_45 id: cord-031710-1xl2isee author: Andrei, Stefan title: Successful treatment of pulmonary haemorrhage and acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by fulminant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia respiratory infection in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia – case report date: 2020-09-10 words: 2582.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031710-1xl2isee.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031710-1xl2isee.txt summary: title: Successful treatment of pulmonary haemorrhage and acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by fulminant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia respiratory infection in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia – case report CASE PRESENTATION: We present the rare case of successful outcome in a 61-year-old female who developed alveolar haemorrhage and acute respiratory distress syndrome 8 days after a chemotherapy session for her acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, in the context of secondary bone marrow aplasia. We report the case of successfully treated severe Stenotrophomonas maltophilia respiratory infection complicated with pulmonary haemorrhage in a chemotherapyinduced pancytopenia patient diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pulmonary haemorrhage and ARDS caused by a fulminant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia respiratory infection in Eastern Europe, and it seems to be a rare case of positive outcome in a patient with haematological malignancy. abstract: BACKGROUND: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia-induced pulmonary haemorrhage is considered a fatal infection among haematological patients. The outcome can be explained by the patients’ immunity status and late diagnosis and treatment. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the rare case of successful outcome in a 61-year-old female who developed alveolar haemorrhage and acute respiratory distress syndrome 8 days after a chemotherapy session for her acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, in the context of secondary bone marrow aplasia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was isolated in sputum culture. The patient benefitted from early empirical treatment with colistin followed by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, according to the antibiogram. Despite a severe initial clinical presentation in need of mechanical ventilation, neuromuscular blocking agents infusion, and ventilation in prone position, the patient had a favourable outcome and was discharged from intensive care after 26 days. CONCLUSIONS: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia severe pneumonia complicated with pulmonary haemorrhage is not always fatal in haematological patients. Empirical treatment of multidrug-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in an immunocompromised haematological patient presenting with hemoptysis should be taken into consideration. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7482381/ doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05378-9 id: cord-004532-flo9139j author: Andrews, Peter title: Year in review in intensive care medicine, 2004. I. Respiratory failure, infection, and sepsis date: 2004-12-18 words: 9246.0 sentences: 474.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004532-flo9139j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004532-flo9139j.txt summary: The authors concluded that their findings are important for trial design because of the observed differences in outcome, and proposed the use of standardized ventilator settings for patient enrollment. As indicated by Yu and Singh [46] , "over 300 studies have been published in peer-review journals in the past 8 years dealing with management of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)." However, no consensus exists to date on the best way for identifying patients with true lung infection, for selecting early appropriate antimicrobial therapy, or for avoiding unnecessary use of antibiotics. [52] designed a study in 108 patients with 171 VAPs to assess the impact on the duration of MV and the use of antibiotic treatment of the results of a diagnostic technique: the percentage of infected cells in liquid obtained with BAL, i.e., the value of direct examination. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7079835/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-004-2529-5 id: cord-263883-7ba0huwy author: Ansarin, Khalil title: Effect of bromhexine on clinical outcomes and mortality in COVID-19 patients: A randomized clinical trial date: 2020-07-19 words: 3119.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263883-7ba0huwy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263883-7ba0huwy.txt summary: The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of bromhexine in intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, and mortality in patients with COVID-19. The current study, an open-label, randomized clinical trial, examined the efficacy of early start of oral bromhexine, in the intensive care unit (ICU) admission, rate of mechanical ventilation, and mortality in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The data presented in this clinical trial confirmed that the early-onset treatment with oral bromhexine 8 mg three times a day not only effectively mitigated the respiratory symptoms, but also significantly decreased the rate of ICU admissions, intubation, mechanical ventilation, and mortality in COVID-19 disease. The data analysis of this clinical trial also showed that cardinal respiratory symptoms (cough, lassitude, and dyspnea) in patients with COVID-19 disease who received bromhexine treatment was remarkably less than the standard group. abstract: [Image: see text] Introduction: Bromhexine is a potential therapeutic option in COVID-19, but no data from a randomized clinical trial has been available. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of bromhexine in intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Methods: An open-label randomized clinical trial study was performed in Tabriz, North-West of Iran. They were randomized to either the treatment with the bromhexine group or the control group, in a 1:1 ratio with 39 patients in each arm. Standard therapy was used in both groups and those patients in the treatment group received oral bromhexine 8 mg three times a day additionally. The primary outcome was a decrease in the rate of ICU admissions, intubation/mechanical ventilation, and mortality. Results: A total of 78 patients with similar demographic and disease characteristics were enrolled. There was a significant reduction in ICU admissions (2 out of 39 vs. 11 out of 39, P = 0.006), intubation (1 out of 39 vs. 9 out of 39, P = 0.007) and death (0 vs. 5, P = 0.027) in the bromhexine treated group compared to the standard group. No patients were withdrawn from the study because of adverse effects. Conclusion: The early administration of oral bromhexine reduces the ICU transfer, intubation, and the mortality rate in patients with COVID-19. This affordable medication can easily be administered everywhere with a huge positive impact(s) on public health and the world economy. Altogether, the verification of our results on a larger scale and different medical centers is strongly recommended. Trial Registration: IRCT202003117046797N4; https://irct.ir/trial/46969. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32983936/ doi: 10.34172/bi.2020.27 id: cord-291886-phl8kh3f author: Anthi, Anastasia title: A Severe COVID-19 Case Complicated by Right Atrium Thrombus date: 2020-09-23 words: 1981.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291886-phl8kh3f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291886-phl8kh3f.txt summary: Patient: Male, 73-year-old Final Diagnosis: Severe COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by right atrium thrombus Symptoms: Fever • dyspnea • cough Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Critical Care Medicine OBJECTIVE: Educational purpose BACKGROUND: Recent studies demonstrated evidence of coagulation dysfunction in hospitalized patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to excessive inflammation, hypoxia, platelet activation, endothelial dysfunction, and stasis. CONCLUSIONS: The presented COVID-19 case, one of the first reported cases with evidence of right heart thrombus by transesophageal echocardiography, highlights the central role of diagnostic imaging strategies and the importance of adequate anticoagulation therapy in the management of severe COVID-19 cases in the ICU. We report our experience to highlight the crucial role of efficient anticoagulation therapy in the management of severe COVID-19 cases requiring ICU admission; the importance of diagnostic imaging strategies, including transesophageal echocardiography, is also emphasized. abstract: Patient: Male, 73-year-old Final Diagnosis: Severe COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by right atrium thrombus Symptoms: Fever • dyspnea • cough Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Critical Care Medicine OBJECTIVE: Educational purpose BACKGROUND: Recent studies demonstrated evidence of coagulation dysfunction in hospitalized patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to excessive inflammation, hypoxia, platelet activation, endothelial dysfunction, and stasis. Effective anticoagulation therapy may play a dominant role in the management of severe COVID-19 cases. CASE REPORT: A 73-year-old man with a 6-day history of fever up to 38.5°C, dyspnea, cough, and fatigue was diagnosed with COVID-19. He had a past medical history significant for hypertension and coronary artery bypass grafting. Two days after hospital admission, the patient developed acute respiratory failure, requiring intubation, mechanical ventilation, and transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU). He received treatment including antibiotics, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, vasopressors, prone positioning, and anticoagulation with enoxaparin at a prophylactic dose. After a 15-day ICU stay, the patient was hemodynamically stable but still hypoxemic; a transthoracic echocardiogram at that time, followed by a transesophageal echocardiogram for better evaluation, revealed the presence of a right atrium thrombus without signs of acute right ventricular dilatation and impaired systolic function. Since the patient was hemodynamically stable, we decided to treat him with conventional anticoagulation under close monitoring for signs of hemodynamic deterioration; thus, the prophylactic dose of enoxaparin was replaced by therapeutic dosing, which was a key component of the patient’s successful outcome. Over the next few days he showed significant clinical improvement. The follow-up transesophageal echo-cardiogram 3 weeks after effective therapeutic anticoagulation revealed no signs of right heart thrombus. CONCLUSIONS: The presented COVID-19 case, one of the first reported cases with evidence of right heart thrombus by transesophageal echocardiography, highlights the central role of diagnostic imaging strategies and the importance of adequate anticoagulation therapy in the management of severe COVID-19 cases in the ICU. url: https://doi.org/10.12659/ajcr.926915 doi: 10.12659/ajcr.926915 id: cord-267373-nzxbogga author: Antinori, Spinello title: Compassionate remdesivir treatment of severe Covid-19 pneumonia in intensive care unit (ICU) and Non-ICU patients: Clinical outcome and differences in post_treatment hospitalisation status date: 2020-05-11 words: 3468.0 sentences: 149.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267373-nzxbogga.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267373-nzxbogga.txt summary: title: Compassionate remdesivir treatment of severe Covid-19 pneumonia in intensive care unit (ICU) and Non-ICU patients: Clinical outcome and differences in post_treatment hospitalisation status This prospective (compassionate), open-label study of remdesivir, which was conducted at Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy, between February 23 and March 20, 2020, involved patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia aged ≥18 years undergoing mechanical ventilation or with an oxygen saturation level of ≤94% in air or a National Early Warning Score 2 of ≥4. Patients were eligible to receive remdesivir for compassionate use if they were a male or non-pregnant female aged >18 years, had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by a positive reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test of a respiratory tract sample and pneumonia confirmed by a chest X-ray or computed tomography (CT) scan, and were mechanically ventilated or had an oxygen saturation (SaO2) level of <94% in room air or a National Early Warning Score (NEWS)2 of  4 [19] . abstract: SARS-CoV-2 is causing an increasing number of deaths worldwide because no effective treatment is currently available. Remdesivir has shown in vitro activity against coronaviruses and is a possible antiviral treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This prospective (compassionate), open-label study of remdesivir, which was conducted at Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy, between February 23 and March 20, 2020, involved patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia aged ≥18 years undergoing mechanical ventilation or with an oxygen saturation level of ≤94% in air or a National Early Warning Score 2 of ≥4. The primary outcome was the change in clinical status based on a 7-category ordinal scale (1 = not hospitalised, resuming normal daily activities; 7 = deceased). The 35 patients enrolled from February 23 to March 20, 2020, included 18 in intensive care unit (ICU), and 17 in our infectious diseases ward (IDW). The 10-day course of remdesivir was completed by 22 patients (63%) and discontinued by 13, of whom eight (22.8%) discontinued because of adverse events. The median follow-up was 39 days (IQR 25-44). At day 28, 14 (82.3%) patients from IDW were discharged, two were still hospitalized and one died (5.9%), whereas in ICU 6 (33.3%) were discharged, 8 (44.4%) patients died, three (16.7%) were still mechanically ventilated and one (5.6%) was improved but still hospitalized. Hypertransaminasemia and acute kidney injury were the most frequent severe adverse events observed (42.8% and 22.8% of the cases, respectively). Our data suggest that remdesivir can benefit patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia hospitalised outside ICU where clinical outcome was better and adverse events are less frequently observed. Ongoing randomised controlled trials will clarify its real efficacy and safety, who to treat, and when. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S104366182031207X doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104899 id: cord-005569-9d51l6bn author: Antonelli, Massimo title: Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine, 2008: I. Brain injury and neurology, renal failure and endocrinology, metabolism and nutrition, sepsis, infections and pneumonia date: 2008-12-09 words: 10270.0 sentences: 507.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005569-9d51l6bn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005569-9d51l6bn.txt summary: Key recommendations, listed by category, include: early goal-directed resuscitation of the septic patient during the first 6 h after recognition (1C); blood cultures prior to antibiotic therapy (1C); imaging studies performed promptly to confirm potential source of infection (1C); administration of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy within 1 h of diagnosis of septic shock (1B) and severe sepsis without septic shock (1D); reassessment of antibiotic therapy with microbiology and clinical data to narrow coverage, when appropriate (1C); a usual 7-10 days of antibiotic therapy guided by clinical response (1D); source control with attention to the balance of risks and benefits of the chosen method (1C); administration of either crystalloid or colloid fluid resuscitation (1B); fluid challenge to restore mean circulating filling pressure (1C); reduction in rate of fluid administration with rising filling pressures and no improvement in tissue perfusion (1D); vasopressor preference for norepinephrine or dopamine to maintain an initial target of mean arterial pressure [ or =65 mm Hg (1C); dobutamine inotropic therapy when cardiac output remains low despite fluid resuscitation and combined inotropic/vasopressor therapy (1C); stress-dose steroid therapy given only in septic shock after blood pressure is identified to be poorly responsive to fluid and vasopressor therapy (2C); recombinant activated protein C in patients with severe sepsis and clinical assessment of high risk for death (2B except 2C for post-operative patients). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7094904/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-008-1371-6 id: cord-005750-54hul2lw author: Antonelli, Massimo title: Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine, 2008: III. Paediatrics, Ethics, outcome research and critical care organization, sedation, pharmacology and miscellanea date: 2009-02-10 words: 8228.0 sentences: 436.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005750-54hul2lw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005750-54hul2lw.txt summary: In their paper, the authors present a detailed description of sequential analysis methodologies and describe their potential prospective use as tools for monitoring the performance of intensive care units. [2] undertook a study to determine whether outcomes were influenced by time of admission to an Australian tertiary paediatric intensive care unit without 24 h per day in-house intensivist cover. [6] who reported a prospective observational study across 15 Italian paediatric intensive care units conducted over a period of 1 year. In this randomised controlled trial, there was a significant difference in mortality rate with use of ACCM/ PALS haemodynamic support guidelines for septic shock between patients with or without ScvO 2 guided therapy. The authors concluded that their results support the finding that the clinical scales do not evaluate the level of sedation accurately in critically ill children with neuromuscular relaxation, leading to a higher risk of over or undersedation. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095358/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-009-1433-4 id: cord-318954-pj5lsvsa author: Arabi, Yaseen title: Feasibility, safety, clinical, and laboratory effects of convalescent plasma therapy for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a study protocol date: 2015-11-19 words: 3963.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318954-pj5lsvsa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318954-pj5lsvsa.txt summary: title: Feasibility, safety, clinical, and laboratory effects of convalescent plasma therapy for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a study protocol We aim to study the feasibility of CP therapy as well as its safety and clinical and laboratory effects in critically ill patients with MERS-CoV infection. In the CP therapy phase, 20 consecutive critically ill patients admitted to intensive care unit with laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV infection will be enrolled and each will receive 2 units of CP. Post enrollment, patients will be followed for clinical and laboratory outcomes that include anti-MERS-CoV antibodies and viral load. Since seriously ill MERS-CoV-infected patients may have detectable viral RNA in various locations that can be sampled (for example lower respiratory tract secretions) for prolonged periods, it might be possible to first determine the relationship between neutralizing antibody dose and antiviral effects on clinical and laboratory features in a small open-label study. abstract: As of September 30, 2015, a total of 1589 laboratory-confirmed cases of infection with the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have been reported to the World Health Organization (WHO). At present there is no effective specific therapy against MERS-CoV. The use of convalescent plasma (CP) has been suggested as a potential therapy based on existing evidence from other viral infections. We aim to study the feasibility of CP therapy as well as its safety and clinical and laboratory effects in critically ill patients with MERS-CoV infection. We will also examine the pharmacokinetics of the MERS-CoV antibody response and viral load over the course of MERS-CoV infection. This study will inform a future randomized controlled trial that will examine the efficacy of CP therapy for MERS-CoV infection. In the CP collection phase, potential donors will be tested by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) techniques for the presence of anti-MERS-CoV antibodies. Subjects with anti-MERS-CoV IFA titer of ≥1:160 and no clinical or laboratory evidence of MERS-CoV infection will be screened for eligibility for plasma donation according to standard donation criteria. In the CP therapy phase, 20 consecutive critically ill patients admitted to intensive care unit with laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV infection will be enrolled and each will receive 2 units of CP. Post enrollment, patients will be followed for clinical and laboratory outcomes that include anti-MERS-CoV antibodies and viral load. This protocol was developed collaboratively by King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Infection Control Center Group and the World Health Organization—International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC-WHO) MERS-CoV Working Group. It was approved in June 2014 by the Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs Institutional Review Board (IRB). A data safety monitoring board (DSMB) was formulated. The study is registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02190799). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26618098/ doi: 10.1186/s40064-015-1490-9 id: cord-004031-sw60qbbj author: Aylward, Ryan E. title: Risk factors and outcomes of acute kidney injury in South African critically ill adults: a prospective cohort study date: 2019-12-10 words: 4292.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004031-sw60qbbj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004031-sw60qbbj.txt summary: title: Risk factors and outcomes of acute kidney injury in South African critically ill adults: a prospective cohort study CONCLUSIONS: In this large prospective multidisciplinary ICU cohort of younger patients, AKI was common, often associated with trauma in addition to traditional risk factors and was associated with good functional renal recovery at 90 days in most survivors. However, there is a marked paucity of data from African ICU''s concerning the incidence, aetiology and effect of AKI on mortality and functional renal recovery, where the prevalence of HIV and trauma is high and where resources are often limited [6, 14, 15] . In this large prospective multidisciplinary ICU cohort of younger patients in a LMI country with a high HIV prevalence and many trauma related admissions, AKI was frequently encountered, and was associated with a high mortality, but good functional renal recovery in most survivors. Five-year risk of end-stage renal disease among intensive care patients surviving dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury: a nationwide cohort study abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a marked paucity of data concerning AKI in Sub-Saharan Africa, where there is a substantial burden of trauma and HIV. METHODS: Prospective data was collected on all patients admitted to a multi-disciplinary ICU in South Africa during 2017. Development of AKI (before or during ICU admission) was recorded and renal recovery 90 days after ICU discharge was determined. RESULTS: Of 849 admissions, the mean age was 42.5 years and mean SAPS 3 score was 48.1. Comorbidities included hypertension (30.5%), HIV (32.6%), diabetes (13.3%), CKD (7.8%) and active tuberculosis (6.2%). The most common reason for admission was trauma (26%). AKI developed in 497 (58.5%). Male gender, illness severity, length of stay, vasopressor drugs and sepsis were independently associated with AKI. AKI was associated with a higher in-hospital mortality rate of 31.8% vs 7.23% in those without AKI. Age, active tuberculosis, higher SAPS 3 score, mechanical ventilation, vasopressor support and sepsis were associated with an increased adjusted odds ratio for death. HIV was not independently associated with AKI or hospital mortality. CKD developed in 14 of 110 (12.7%) patients with stage 3 AKI; none were dialysis-dependent. CONCLUSIONS: In this large prospective multidisciplinary ICU cohort of younger patients, AKI was common, often associated with trauma in addition to traditional risk factors and was associated with good functional renal recovery at 90 days in most survivors. Although the HIV prevalence was high and associated with higher mortality, this was related to the severity of illness and not to HIV status per se. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6902455/ doi: 10.1186/s12882-019-1620-7 id: cord-335802-1kiqfy68 author: Azoulay, Elie title: Increased mortality in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted within seven days of disease onset date: 2020-08-11 words: 3515.0 sentences: 194.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335802-1kiqfy68.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335802-1kiqfy68.txt summary: METHODS: In a multicentre retrospective study, we included 379 COVID-19 patients admitted to four ICUs between 20 February and 24 April 2020 and categorised according to time from disease onset to ICU admission. To test the hypothesis that COVID-19-related critical illness differs according to time from viral symptom onset to ICU admission, we assessed patient characteristics and outcomes in a cohort of 379 critically ill patients admitted to four university-affiliated hospitals in Paris. This study collecting data from 379 COVID-19 patients showed that mortality decreased with increasing time from viral symptom onset to ICU admission. Mortality was significantly higher in patients admitted to the ICU within a week after viral symptom onset, independently from acute illness severity at ICU admission. Second, the excess mortality in patients admitted to the ICU within 7 days after viral symptom onset was associated with an increased prevalence of non-respiratory injury and, more specifically, of acute kidney and myocardial injury. abstract: PURPOSE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is creating an unprecedented healthcare crisis. Understanding the determinants of mortality is crucial to optimise intensive care unit (ICU) resource use and to identify targets for improving survival. METHODS: In a multicentre retrospective study, we included 379 COVID-19 patients admitted to four ICUs between 20 February and 24 April 2020 and categorised according to time from disease onset to ICU admission. A Cox proportional-hazards model identified factors associated with 28-day mortality. RESULTS: Median age was 66 years (53–68) and 292 (77%) were men. The main comorbidities included obesity and overweight (67%), hypertension (49.6%) and diabetes (30.1%). Median time from disease onset (i.e., viral symptoms) to ICU admission was 8 (6–11) days (missing for three); 161 (42.5%) patients were admitted within a week of disease onset, 173 (45.6%) between 8 and 14 days, and 42 (11.1%) > 14 days after disease onset; day 28 mortality was 26.4% (22–31) and decreased as time from disease onset to ICU admission increased, from 37 to 21% and 12%, respectively. Patients admitted within the first week had higher SOFA scores, more often had thrombocytopenia or acute kidney injury, had more limited radiographic involvement, and had significantly higher blood IL-6 levels. Age, COPD, immunocompromised status, time from disease onset, troponin concentration, and acute kidney injury were independently associated with mortality. CONCLUSION: The excess mortality in patients admitted within a week of disease onset reflected greater non-respiratory severity. Therapeutic interventions against SARS-CoV-2 might impact different clinical endpoints according to time since disease onset. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00134-020-06202-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32780165/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-06202-3 id: cord-329098-vefgi5h6 author: BANI-SADR, Firouzé title: Corticosteroid therapy for patients with CoVID-19 pneumonia: a before-after study date: 2020-07-04 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids may beneficially modulate the host inflammatory response to CoVID-19 pneumonia. AIMS: To evaluate the impact of addition of corticosteroids to the hospital protocol for treatment of suspected or confirmed CoVID-19 pneumonia on rates of death or intensive care unit (ICU) admission. METHODS: A before-after study was performed to evaluate the effect of addition of corticosteroids to our institution's COVID-19 treatment protocol on hospital mortality. RESULTS: Between March 3(rd) and April 14(th) 2020, 257 patients with CoVID-19 diagnosis were included. As corticosteroids were wide used since 27 March 2020, two periods were considered for the purposes of our study: the before period from March 3(rd) to 20(th) (n= 85) and the “after period” (n=172) from March 26(th) to April 14(th) 2020. The “after” period was associated with a lower risk of death (HR 0.47; 95% CI, 0.23 - 0.97; p=0.04), and a lower risk of intensive care admission or death before ICU admission (HR 0.37 95% CI 0.21 - 0.64; p=0.0005) by multivariate analysis adjusted for age, National Early Warning score and institutionalization status. CONCLUSIONS: In the “after period”, the addition of corticosteroids to our institution's CoVID-19 treatment protocol was associated with a significant reduction in hospital mortality. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106077 doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106077 id: cord-289304-9srk0ohb author: Bagnato, Sergio title: Critical illness myopathy after COVID-19 date: 2020-08-05 words: 1723.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289304-9srk0ohb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289304-9srk0ohb.txt summary: We describe a patient who developed diffuse and symmetrical muscle weakness after a long stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We describe a patient who developed diffuse and symmetrical muscle weakness after a long stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) due to coronavirus disease 2019 . The patient underwent a neurophysiological protocol, including nerve conduction studies, concentric needle electromyography (EMG) of the proximal and distal muscles, and direct muscle stimulation (DMS). In this report, we describe neurophysiological findings from a patient who developed severe muscular weakness, likely due to CIM, after hospitalization for COVID-19. The patient described here had myopathy, with greater involvement of the proximal muscles in the lower limbs, probably reflecting ICU-acquired weakness. Since rehabilitation programs can be effective to reverse muscle weakness caused by CIM, health systems must plan to provide adequate access to rehabilitative facilities for patients requiring both pulmonary and motor rehabilitative treatment after COVID-19. abstract: We describe a patient who developed diffuse and symmetrical muscle weakness after a long stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The patient underwent a neurophysiological protocol, including nerve conduction studies, concentric needle electromyography (EMG) of the proximal and distal muscles, and direct muscle stimulation (DMS). Nerve conduction studies showed normal sensory conduction and low-amplitude compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs). EMG revealed signs of myopathy, which were more pronounced in the lower limbs. The post-DMS CMAP was absent in the quadriceps and of reduced amplitude in the tibialis anterior muscle. Based on these clinical and neurophysiological findings, a diagnosis of critical illness myopathy was made according to the current diagnostic criteria. Given the large number of patients with COVID-19 who require long ICU stays, many of these patients are very likely to develop ICU-acquired weakness, as did the patient described here. Health systems must plan to provide adequate access to rehabilitative facilities for both pulmonary and motor rehabilitative treatment after COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1201971220306068 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.072 id: cord-001725-pw7coi3v author: Ballus, Josep title: Surgical site infection in critically ill patients with secondary and tertiary peritonitis: epidemiology, microbiology and influence in outcomes date: 2015-07-30 words: 3441.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-001725-pw7coi3v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-001725-pw7coi3v.txt summary: title: Surgical site infection in critically ill patients with secondary and tertiary peritonitis: epidemiology, microbiology and influence in outcomes We therefore aimed to assess the incidence, epidemiology and microbiology of SSI and its association with outcomes in patients with severe peritonitis in the intensive care unit (ICU). Physicians may consider antibiotic-resistant pathogens, gram-positive cocci and fungi when choosing empiric antibiotic treatment for SSI, although more studies are needed to confirm our results due to the inherent limitations of the microbiological sampling with swabs performed in our research. This study therefore aimed to describe the incidence, epidemiology, microbiology and outcomes of SSI in patients admitted with secondary or tertiary peritonitis to the ICU of a tertiary referral hospital. This study provides data on the incidence and microbiology of SSIs for a large cohort of critically ill patients admitted with secondary or tertiary peritonitis to a surgical ICU. abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical site infection (SSI) remains a significant problem in the postoperative period that can negatively affect clinical outcomes. Microbiology findings are typically similar to other nosocomial infections, with differences dependent on microbiology selection due to antibiotic pressure or the resident flora. However, this is poorly understood in the critical care setting. We therefore aimed to assess the incidence, epidemiology and microbiology of SSI and its association with outcomes in patients with severe peritonitis in the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: We prospectively studied 305 consecutive patients admitted to our surgical ICU from 2010 to 2014 with a diagnosis of secondary or tertiary peritonitis. We collected the following data: SSI diagnosis, demographics, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II score, type of surgery, microbiology, antibiotic treatment and outcomes. Microbiological sampling was done by means of swabs. RESULTS: We identified 269 episodes of SSI in 162 patients (53.1 %) aged 64.4 ± 14.3 years, of which 200 episodes occurred in men (64.6 %). The mean APACHE II and SAPS II scores were 19.7 ± 7.8 and 36.5 ± 16.1 respectively. The mean ICU and hospital stays were 19.8 ± 24.8 and 21.7 ± 30 days respectively. Pseudomonas spp. (n = 52, 19.3 %), Escherichia coli (n = 55, 20.4 %) and Candida spp. (n = 46, 17.1 %) were the most frequently isolated microorganisms, but gram-positive cocci (n = 80, 29.7 %) were also frequent. Microorganisms isolated from SSIs were associated with a higher incidence of antibiotic resistance (64.9 %) in ICU patients, but not with higher in-hospital mortality. However, patients who suffered from SSI had longer ICU admissions (odds ratio = 1.024, 95 % confidence interval 1.010–1.039, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of SSI in secondary or tertiary peritonitis requiring ICU admission is very high. Physicians may consider antibiotic-resistant pathogens, gram-positive cocci and fungi when choosing empiric antibiotic treatment for SSI, although more studies are needed to confirm our results due to the inherent limitations of the microbiological sampling with swabs performed in our research. The presence of SSI may be associated with prolonged ICU stays, but without any influence on overall mortality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4520265/ doi: 10.1186/s12879-015-1050-5 id: cord-018412-kv3vxmcw author: Bambi, Stefano title: Evolution of Intensive Care Unit Nursing date: 2017-10-06 words: 8546.0 sentences: 428.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018412-kv3vxmcw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018412-kv3vxmcw.txt summary: In future, increases in the number of ICU beds relative to bed numbers in other hospital wards will probably be contemplated, even in a scenario of decreasing costs; clinical protocols will be computerized and/or nurse-driven; more multicenter and international trials will be performed; and organizational strategies will concentrate ICU personnel in a few large units, to promote the flexible management of these healthcare workers. Moreover, extracorporeal organ support technologies will be improved; technology informatics will cover all the bureaucratic aspects of healthcare work, aiding the staff in workload assessment; and critical care multidisciplinary rounds and follow-up services for post-ICU patients will be implemented. • Development of methods for fast recognition of acute patients at high risk of rapid deterioration • Minimally invasive organ support technologies • New approaches to enhance patient comfort while reducing changes of consciousness • Effective process and outcome measurements for critical illness research and palliative and EOL care. abstract: The specialties of critical care medicine and critical care nursing arose to provide special treatment and care to the most severely ill hospital patients. However, critical care medicine does not seem to have made any major therapeutic progress in the past 30 years. The reduction of mortality in intensive care units (ICUs) is due essentially to improvements in both supportive care and the relevant technologies. In future, increases in the number of ICU beds relative to bed numbers in other hospital wards will probably be contemplated, even in a scenario of decreasing costs; clinical protocols will be computerized and/or nurse-driven; more multicenter and international trials will be performed; and organizational strategies will concentrate ICU personnel in a few large units, to promote the flexible management of these healthcare workers. Moreover, extracorporeal organ support technologies will be improved; technology informatics will cover all the bureaucratic aspects of healthcare work, aiding the staff in workload assessment; and critical care multidisciplinary rounds and follow-up services for post-ICU patients will be implemented. Lastly, a better continuum of care between the pre-hospital phase, the emergency care phase, the ICU phase, and the post-ICU phase should be achieved. Also, policies should be drafted to manage sudden large demands for critical care beds in mega-emergencies. The main lines of discussion in critical care nursing research should include nursing research priorities in critical care patients, holistic approaches to the patient, the humanization of care, special populations of ICU patients, and challenges related to critical care nursing during emerging outbreaks of infectious diseases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123277/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-50559-6_19 id: cord-254818-dzsyuwpy author: Bangash, Mansoor N title: COVID-19 recovery: potential treatments for post-intensive care syndrome date: 2020-10-12 words: 1406.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 31.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254818-dzsyuwpy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254818-dzsyuwpy.txt summary: In the MANAGE trial, 8 a population having non-cardiac surgery, which overlaps COVID-19 recovery: potential treatments for post-intensive care syndrome and shares similarities with the PICS population through the presence of non-ischaemic myocardial injuries, was found to have reduced cardiovascular morbidity at follow-up when treated with the antithrombotic dabigatran; further trials of dabigatran in patients with PICS are warranted. We suggest that the research pathway for such trials should be based on prognostic enrichment through clinical and cardiovascular or immune biomarker profiles, and initially use established drugs that modify cardiometabolic risk in ICU survivors who might not have traditionally recognised cardiovascular risk factors, through randomised controlled trials led by intensive care specialists. Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) often occurs after prolonged critical illnesses, such as COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome, and involves persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33058770/ doi: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30457-4 id: cord-337705-snwktcz5 author: Bansal, Agam title: The Association of D-dimers with Mortality, Intensive Care Unit admission or Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients Hospitalized with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-09-18 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: AIM: To determine if D-dimers are elevated in individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection who have adverse clinical outcomes including all-cause mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases through April 9, 2020 for studies evaluating D-dimer levels in SARS-COV-2 infected patients with and without a composite clinical endpoint, defined as the presence of all-cause of mortality, Intensive care unit (ICU) admission or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A total of six studies were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS: D-dimers were significantly increased in patients with the composite clinical end point than in those without (SMD, 1.67 ug/ml (95% CI, 0.72-2.62 ug/ml). The SMD of the studies (Tang et al, Zhou et al, Chen et al), which used only mortality as an outcome measure was 2.5 ug/mL (95% CI, 0.62-4.41 ug/ml). CONCLUSION: We conclude that SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with elevated D-dimers have worse clinical outcomes (all-cause mortality, ICU admission or ARDS) and thus measurement of D-dimers can guide in clinical decision making. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0147956320303800 doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.08.024 id: cord-294270-do6i6ymq author: Banu, Buyukaydin title: Pneumonia date: 2019-11-29 words: 7319.0 sentences: 426.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294270-do6i6ymq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294270-do6i6ymq.txt summary: A population-based cohort study with 46,237 elderly patients found that immunosuppression, COPD, smoking, congestive heart failure, diabetes, malignancy, and previous hospitalizations for pneumonia are independent risk factors for developing the disease in this age group (Barlow et al., 2007) . Presence of comorbidities such as chronic heart, lung, liver or renal disease; diabetes mellitus; alcoholism; malignancies; asplenia; immunosuppressing conditions or use of immunosuppressing drugs; or use of antimicrobials within the previous 3 months A respiratory fluoroquinolone (moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, or levofloxacin [750 mg]) (strong recommendation) (1 point) ATS, American Thoracic Society; CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; ICU, ıntensive care unit; IDST, Infectious Diseases Society of America; PIRO, predisposition, infection, response and organ dysfunction score; PS CURXO80, pH, systolic blood pressure, confusion, urea nitrogen, respiratory rate, x-ray finding, oxygen arterial pressure and age of 80 years or more; SMART-COP, systolic blood pressure, multilobar chest radiography, albumin level, respiratory rate, tachycardia, confusion, oxygenation and pH; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; WBC, white blood cell. abstract: Pneumonia remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases in the world. The important reason for the increased global mortality is the impact of pneumonia on chronic diseases especially in the elderly population and the virulence factors of the causative microorganisms. Because elderly individuals present with comorbidities, particular attention should be paid for multidrug-resistant pathogens. Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most frequently encountered pathogen. Enteric gram-negative rods, as well as anaerobes, should be considered in patients with aspiration pneumonia. Interventions for modifiable risk factors will reduce the risk of this infection. The adequacy of the initial antimicrobial therapy and determination of patients’ follow-up place is a key factor for prognosis. Also, vaccination is one of the most important preventive measures. In this section it was focused on several aspects, including the atypical presentation of pneumonia in the elderly, the methods to evaluate the severity of illness, the appropriate take care place and the management with prevention strategies. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780128012383621748 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.62174-8 id: cord-005585-lc3fqhb0 author: Barbier, François title: Etiologies and outcome of acute respiratory failure in HIV-infected patients date: 2009-07-03 words: 4236.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005585-lc3fqhb0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005585-lc3fqhb0.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To assess the etiologies and outcome of acute respiratory failure (ARF) in HIV-infected patients over the first decade of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) use. Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is the leading reason for intensive care unit (ICU) admission in HIV-infected patients, with bacterial pneumonia and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) accounting for most cases [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] . Significant results HIV human immunodeficiency syndrome, ICU intensive care unit, PCP Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, IRIS immune restorationinduced syndrome, ARF acute respiratory failure, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome a Clinically documented bacterial pneumonia was defined as an appropriate history and response to empiric antimicrobial therapy with focal pneumonia on chest X-ray, and either septic shock or predominantly neutrophils on BAL fluid examination, without documented bacterial pathogen b Including co-infection with Haemophilus influenzae (n = 1) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 1) c Including co-infection with Streptococcus pneumonia (n = 1) and S. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the etiologies and outcome of acute respiratory failure (ARF) in HIV-infected patients over the first decade of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) use. METHODS: Retrospective study of all HIV-infected patients (n = 147) admitted to a single intensive care unit (ICU) for ARF between 1996 and 2006. RESULTS: ARF revealed the diagnosis of HIV infection in 43 (29.2%) patients. Causes of ARF were bacterial pneumonia (n = 74), Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP, n = 52), other opportunistic infections (n = 19), and noninfectious pulmonary disease (n = 33); the distribution of causes did not change over the 10-year study period. Two or more causes were identified in 33 patients. The 43 patients on ART more frequently had bacterial pneumonia and less frequently had opportunistic infections (P = 0.02). Noninvasive ventilation was needed in 49 patients and endotracheal intubation in 42. Hospital mortality was 19.7%. Factors independently associated with mortality were mechanical ventilation [odds ratio (OR) = 8.48, P < 0.0001], vasopressor use (OR, 4.48; P = 0.03), time from hospital admission to ICU admission (OR, 1.05 per day; P = 0.01), and number of causes (OR, 3.19; P = 0.02). HIV-related variables (CD4 count, viral load, and ART) were not associated with mortality. CONCLUSION: Bacterial pneumonia and PCP remain the leading causes of ARF in HIV-infected patients in the ART era. Hospital survival has improved, and depends on the extent of organ dysfunction rather than on HIV-related characteristics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7094937/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-009-1559-4 id: cord-268211-egy8rgtl author: Barrasa, Helena title: SARS-Cov-2 in Spanish Intensive Care: Early Experience with 15-day Survival In Vitoria date: 2020-04-09 words: 2681.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268211-egy8rgtl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268211-egy8rgtl.txt summary: Methods: We identified patients from the two public hospitals in Vitoria who were admitted to ICU with confirmed infection by SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion: This early experience with SARS-CoV-2 in Spain suggests that a strategy of right oxygenation avoiding non-invasive mechanical ventilation was life-saving. Seven-day mortality in SARS-CoV-2 requiring intubation was lower than 15%, with 80% of patients still requiring mechanical ventilation. Because of mortality reports in Wuhan [5] suggesting a close association, we assessed correlation between plasma procalcitonin at ICU admission and 7-day mortality. Our findings suggest that an oxygenation strategy emphasising optimisation of oxygenation, intubation based on clinical criteria of hyperventilation and avoiding ventilator-induced lung injury associated with non-invasive mechanical ventilation would be life-saving in a significant proportion of patients. Seven-day mortality in SARS-CoV-2 requiring intubation was lower than 15%, with 80% of patients still requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. abstract: Abstract Purpose: Community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was detected in Spain in February 2020, with 216% intensive care unit (ICU) capacity expanded in Vitoria by March 18th, 2020. Methods: We identified patients from the two public hospitals in Vitoria who were admitted to ICU with confirmed infection by SARS-CoV-2. Data reported here were available in March 31th, 2020. Mortality was assessed in those who completed 7-days of ICU stay. Results: We identified 48 patients (27 males) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2. Median [interquartile range (IQR)] age of patients was 63 [51-75] years. Symptoms began a median of 7 [5-12] days before ICU admission. The most common comorbidities identified were obesity (n = 48%), arterial hypertension (n = 44%) and chronic lung disease (n = 37%). All patients were admitted by hypoxemic respiratory failure and none received non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Forty-five (94%) underwent intubation, 3 HFNT, 1 (2%) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and 22 (49%) required prone position. After 15 days, 14/45 (31%) intubated patients died (13% within one week), 10 (22%) were extubated, and 21/45 (47%) underwent mechanical ventilation. Six patients had documented co-infection. Procalcitonin plasma above 0.5 µg/L was associated with 16% vs. 19% (p = 0.78) risk of death after 7 days. Conclusion: This early experience with SARS-CoV-2 in Spain suggests that a strategy of right oxygenation avoiding non-invasive mechanical ventilation was life-saving. Seven-day mortality in SARS-CoV-2 requiring intubation was lower than 15%, with 80% of patients still requiring mechanical ventilation. After 15 days of ICU admission, half of patients remained intubated, whereas one third died. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accpm.2020.04.001 doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.04.001 id: cord-336395-v157jzvv author: Battaglini, Denise title: Chest physiotherapy: an important adjuvant in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-17 words: 7003.0 sentences: 327.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336395-v157jzvv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336395-v157jzvv.txt summary: In this line, the current review discusses the important role of chest physiotherapy in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19, around the weaning process, and how it can be safely applied with careful organization, including the training of healthcare staff and the appropriate use of personal protective equipment to minimize the risk of viral exposure. The current review discussed the data regarding the important role J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f of chest physiotherapy in critically ill patients with COVID-19, during mechanical ventilation and after weaning process, and how it can be safely applied with careful organization, including the training of healthcare staff and the appropriate use of personal protective equipment to minimize the risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. abstract: In late 2019, an outbreak of a novel human coronavirus causing respiratory disease was identified in Wuhan, China. The virus spread rapidly worldwide, reaching pandemic status. Chest computed tomography scans of patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) have revealed different stages of respiratory involvement, with extremely variable lung presentations, which require individualized ventilatory strategies in those who become critically ill. Chest physiotherapy has proven to be effective for improving long-term respiratory physical function among ICU survivors. The ARIR recently reported the role of chest physiotherapy in the acute phase of COVID-19, pointing out limitation of some procedures due to the limited experience with this disease in the ICU setting. Evidence on the efficacy of chest physiotherapy in COVID-19 is still lacking. In this line, the current review discusses the important role of chest physiotherapy in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19, around the weaning process, and how it can be safely applied with careful organization, including the training of healthcare staff and the appropriate use of personal protective equipment to minimize the risk of viral exposure. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1569904820301877 doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103529 id: cord-004646-zhessjqh author: Bawazeer, Mohammed title: Adjunct low-dose ketamine infusion vs standard of care in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients at a Tertiary Saudi Hospital (ATTAINMENT Trial): study protocol for a randomized, prospective, pilot, feasibility trial date: 2020-03-20 words: 7841.0 sentences: 381.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004646-zhessjqh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004646-zhessjqh.txt summary: title: Adjunct low-dose ketamine infusion vs standard of care in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients at a Tertiary Saudi Hospital (ATTAINMENT Trial): study protocol for a randomized, prospective, pilot, feasibility trial The 2018 Pain, Agitation/sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep disruption guideline suggested low-dose ketamine infusion as an adjunct to opioid therapy to reduce opioid requirements in post-surgical patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Therefore, we propose a prospective, randomized, active controlled, open-label, pilot, feasibility study to assess the effect and safety of Analgo-sedative ad-juncT keTAmine Infusion iN Mechanically vENTilated ICU patients (the ATTAINMENT trial) compared to standard of care alone. Physician decline after randomization Ketamine will be discontinued Subject will be included in the data analysis a In cases of death (either within the first 48 h, until ICU or hospital discharge, or 28 days after randomization, whichever comes first), detailed documentation will be carried out in the medical record for the cause of death, group allocation, and relation to study protocol allocation and initiation of the trial intervention. abstract: BACKGROUND: A noticeable interest in ketamine infusion for sedation management has developed among critical care physicians for critically ill patients. The 2018 Pain, Agitation/sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep disruption guideline suggested low-dose ketamine infusion as an adjunct to opioid therapy to reduce opioid requirements in post-surgical patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). This was, however, rated as conditional due to the very low quality of evidence. Ketamine has favorable characteristics, making it an especially viable alternative for patients with respiratory and hemodynamic instability. The Analgo-sedative adjuncT keTAmine Infusion iN Mechanically vENTilated ICU patients (ATTAINMENT) trial aims to assess the effect and safety of adjunct low-dose continuous infusion of ketamine as an analgo-sedative compared to standard of care in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation (MV) for ≥ 24 h. METHODS/DESIGN: This trial is a prospective, randomized, active controlled, open-label, pilot, feasibility study of adult ICU patients (> 14 years old) on MV. The study will take place in the adult ICUs in the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and will enroll 80 patients. Patients will be randomized post-intubation into two groups: the intervention group will receive an adjunct low-dose continuous infusion of ketamine plus standard of care. Ketamine will be administered over a period of 48 h at a fixed infusion rate of 2 μg/kg/min (0.12 mg/kg/h) in the first 24 h followed by 1 μg/kg/min (0.06 mg/kg/h) in the second 24 h. The control group will receive standard of care in the ICU (propofol and/or fentanyl and/or midazolam) according to the KFSH&RC sedation and analgesia protocol as clinically appropriate. The primary outcome is MV duration until ICU discharge, death, extubation, or 28 days post-randomization, whichever comes first. DISCUSSION: The first patient was enrolled on 1 September 2019. As of 10 October 2019, a total of 16 patients had been enrolled. We expect to complete the recruitment by 31 December 2020. The findings of this pilot trial will likely justify further investigation for the role of adjunct low-dose ketamine infusion as an analgo-sedative agent in a larger, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04075006. Registered on 30 August 2019. Current controlled trials: ISRCTN14730035. Registered on 3 February 2020. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7085173/ doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-4216-4 id: cord-004096-obrq7q57 author: Benghanem, Sarah title: Brainstem dysfunction in critically ill patients date: 2020-01-06 words: 5804.0 sentences: 315.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004096-obrq7q57.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004096-obrq7q57.txt summary: OCR: oculocephalic reflex BRASS is a clinical score that has been developed for scoring brainstem dysfunction in deeply sedated, non-brain-injured, mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients and ranges from 0 to 7 The BRASS has prognostic value, as 28-day mortality proportionally increases with the BRASS score applicable to ICU patients. The "brainstem dysfunction" hypothesis originates from our study on usefulness of neurological examination in non-brain-injured critically ill patients who required deep sedation. In deeply sedated non-brain-injured critically ill patients, the cessation of brainstem responses follows two distinct patterns. Middle latency BAEP responses and SSEP latencies were increased in 24% and 45% of deeply sedated non-brain-injured critically ill patients, respectively [34] , indicating an impairment of the brainstem conduction. Brainstem dysfunction can present with central sensory and motor deficits, cranial nerve palsies and abnormal brainstem reflexes, disorders of consciousness, respiratory failure, and dysautonomia. abstract: The brainstem conveys sensory and motor inputs between the spinal cord and the brain, and contains nuclei of the cranial nerves. It controls the sleep-wake cycle and vital functions via the ascending reticular activating system and the autonomic nuclei, respectively. Brainstem dysfunction may lead to sensory and motor deficits, cranial nerve palsies, impairment of consciousness, dysautonomia, and respiratory failure. The brainstem is prone to various primary and secondary insults, resulting in acute or chronic dysfunction. Of particular importance for characterizing brainstem dysfunction and identifying the underlying etiology are a detailed clinical examination, MRI, neurophysiologic tests such as brainstem auditory evoked potentials, and an analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid. Detection of brainstem dysfunction is challenging but of utmost importance in comatose and deeply sedated patients both to guide therapy and to support outcome prediction. In the present review, we summarize the neuroanatomy, clinical syndromes, and diagnostic techniques of critical illness-associated brainstem dysfunction for the critical care setting. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6945639/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-019-2718-9 id: cord-292474-dmgd99d6 author: Berardi, Giammauro title: Continuing our work: transplant surgery and surgical oncology in a tertiary referral COVID-19 center date: 2020-06-04 words: 4605.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292474-dmgd99d6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292474-dmgd99d6.txt summary: As the Italian National Institute for the Infectious Diseases, we have hospitalized the first Italian COVID-19 patients and since then, our general surgery department had to face this reality [16] . Pancreatic resections, total gastrectomies, major hepatectomies, and multivisceral resections as well as liver and kidney transplantations were considered as the high-risk surgical procedures because of the increased likelihood of postoperative ICU admission. On January 31, 2020 (Day 0), the first two COVID-19-positive patients in Italy were admitted to the department of infectious diseases of our hospital with mild fever and atypical pneumonia requiring no invasive treatment. Considering only the transplantations and the operations performed for cancer, patients in the second period had fewer comorbidities, lower ASA score, CCI, and RCRI, being overall at lower risk of postoperative ICU admission (Table 3) . As an institutional policy, our transplant center remained opened and we decided to continue with our standard surgical oncology activity, improving selection of patients to limit the need for postoperative intensive care management. abstract: COVID-19 is rapidly spreading worldwide. Healthcare systems are struggling to properly allocate resources while ensuring cure for diseases outside of the infection. The aim of this study was to demonstrate how surgical activity was affected by the virus outbreak and show the changes in practice in a tertiary referral COVID-19 center. The official bulletins of the Italian National Institute for the Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” were reviewed to retrieve the number of daily COVID-19 patients. Records of consecutive oncological and transplant procedures performed during the outbreak were reviewed. Patients with a high probability of postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) admission were considered as high risk and defined by an ASA score ≥ III and/or a Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) ≥ 6 and/or a Revised Cardiac Risk Index for Preoperative Risk (RCRI) ≥ 3. 72 patients were operated, including 12 (16.6%) liver and kidney transplantations. Patients had few comorbidities (26.3%), low ASA score (1.9 ± 0.5), CCI (3.7 ± 1.3), and RCRI (1.2 ± 0.6) and had overall a low risk of postoperative ICU admission. Few patients had liver cirrhosis (12.5%) or received preoperative systemic therapy (16.6%). 36 (50%) high-risk surgical procedures were performed, including major hepatectomies, pancreaticoduodenectomies, total gastrectomies, multivisceral resections, and transplantations. Despite this, only 15 patients (20.8%) were admitted to the ICU. Only oncologic cases and transplantations were performed during the COVID-19 outbreak. Careful selection of patients allowed to perform major cancer surgeries and transplantations without further stressing hospital resources, meanwhile minimizing collateral damage to patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13304-020-00825-3 doi: 10.1007/s13304-020-00825-3 id: cord-348137-dzmbfp2g author: Bi, Qifang title: Characterization of clinical progression of COVID-19 patients in Shenzhen, China date: 2020-04-27 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has stressed healthcare care systems throughout the world. Understanding clinical progression of cases is a key public health priority that informs optimal resource allocation during an emergency. Using data from Shenzhen, China, where all cases were monitored in hospital and symptom profiles and clinical and lab results were available starting from early stages of clinical course, we characterized clinical progression of COVID-19 cases and determined important predictors for faster clinical progression to key clinical events and longer use of medical resources. Epidemiological, demographic, laboratory, clinical, and outcome data were extracted from electronic medical records. We found that those who progressed to the severe stage, developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, and were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) progressed on average 9.5 days (95%CI 8.7,10.3), 11.0 days (95%CI 9.7,12.3), and 10.5 days (95%CI 8.2,13.3) after symptom onset, respectively. We estimated that patients who were admitted to ICUs remained there for an average of 34.4 days (95%CI 24.1,43.2) and the average time on a ventilator was 28.5 days (95%CI 20.0,39.1) among those requiring mechanical ventilation. The median length of hospital stay was 21.3 days (95%CI, 20.5, 22.2) for the mild or moderate cases who did not progress to the severe stage, but increased to 52.1 days (95%CI, 43.3, 59.5) for those who required ICU admission. Clear characterization of clinical progression informs planning for healthcare resource allocation during COVID-19 outbreaks and provides a basis that helps assess the effectiveness of new treatment and therapeutics. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.22.20076190 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20076190 id: cord-289973-1mczuxsy author: Biran, Noa title: Tocilizumab among patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit: a multicentre observational study date: 2020-08-14 words: 5218.0 sentences: 271.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289973-1mczuxsy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289973-1mczuxsy.txt summary: 14 Understanding the limitations of observational studies, but with the urgency to assess potential therapeutic approaches, the 13 hospitals within the Hackensack Meridian Health network (NJ, USA) considered offlabel use of tocilizumab in patients with severe SARSCoV2 infection who required intensive care unit (ICU) support. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models were fitted to estimate the associ ation between tocilizumab use and overall survival, using clini cally likely confounders including age, gender, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma, hypertension, cancer, renal failure, obesity, oxygena tion less than 94%, quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score, use of steroids, Creactive protein 15 mg/dL or higher, and intubation or mech anical ven tilator support. Propensity score-matched patients (n=630)* First, we calculated a propensity score of receiv ing tocilizumab treatment for each patient using multi variable logistic regression with the confounders age, gender, diabetes, COPD or asthma, hypertension, cancer, renal failure, obesity, oxygenation less than 94%, qSOFA score, use of steroids, Creactive protein 15 mg/dL or higher, and intubation or mechanical ventilator support. abstract: Summary Background Tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against the interleukin-6 receptor, has been proposed to mitigate the cytokine storm syndrome associated with severe COVID-19. We aimed to investigate the association between tocilizumab exposure and hospital-related mortality among patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) support for COVID-19. Methods We did a retrospective observational cohort study at 13 hospitals within the Hackensack Meridian Health network (NJ, USA). We included patients (aged ≥18 years) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who needed support in the ICU. We obtained data from a prospective observational database and compared outcomes in patients who received tocilizumab with those who did not. We applied a multivariable Cox model with propensity score matching to reduce confounding effects. The primary endpoint was hospital-related mortality. The prospective observational database is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04347993. Findings Between March 1 and April 22, 2020, 764 patients with COVID-19 required support in the ICU, of whom 210 (27%) received tocilizumab. Factors associated with receiving tocilizumab were patients' age, gender, renal function, and treatment location. 630 patients were included in the propensity score-matched population, of whom 210 received tocilizumab and 420 did not receive tocilizumab. 358 (57%) of 630 patients died, 102 (49%) who received tocilizumab and 256 (61%) who did not receive tocilizumab. Overall median survival from time of admission was not reached (95% CI 23 days–not reached) among patients receiving tocilizumab and was 19 days (16–26) for those who did not receive tocilizumab (hazard ratio [HR] 0·71, 95% CI 0·56–0·89; p=0·0027). In the primary multivariable Cox regression analysis with propensity matching, an association was noted between receiving tocilizumab and decreased hospital-related mortality (HR 0·64, 95% CI 0·47–0·87; p=0·0040). Similar associations with tocilizumab were noted among subgroups requiring mechanical ventilatory support and with baseline C-reactive protein of 15 mg/dL or higher. Interpretation In this observational study, patients with COVID-19 requiring ICU support who received tocilizumab had reduced mortality. Results of ongoing randomised controlled trials are awaited. Funding None. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2665991320302770 doi: 10.1016/s2665-9913(20)30277-0 id: cord-004427-dy9v9asg author: Bissell, Brittany D. title: Impact of protocolized diuresis for de-resuscitation in the intensive care unit date: 2020-02-28 words: 4699.0 sentences: 242.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004427-dy9v9asg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004427-dy9v9asg.txt summary: Adult patients admitted to the Medical ICU receiving mechanical ventilation with either (1) clinical signs of volume overload via chest radiography or physical exam or (2) any cumulative fluid balance ≥ 0 mL since hospital admission were eligible for inclusion. Previous protocols guiding volume removal in the critically ill can be found in specific populations including acute decompensated heart failure, AKI, or RRT weaning, with protocolized approaches often improving clinical outcomes versus standard of care [9] [10] [11] . In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of a novel diuresis protocol utilizing common bedside monitoring parameters and simplified loop diuretic dosing on cumulative fluid balance over the first 72 h following hemodynamic stability, as compared to standard of care. Using a diuresis protocol for volume de-resuscitation, we demonstrated a significant decrease in net cumulative fluid balance at 72 h following shock resolution, with potential benefit on clinical outcomes including renal recovery, mortality, and ICU length of stay. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Administration of diuretics has been shown to assist fluid management and improve clinical outcomes in the critically ill post-shock resolution. Current guidelines have not yet included standardization or guidance for diuretic-based de-resuscitation in critically ill patients. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a multi-disciplinary protocol for diuresis-guided de-resuscitation in the critically ill. METHODS: This was a pre-post single-center pilot study within the medical intensive care unit (ICU) of a large academic medical center. Adult patients admitted to the Medical ICU receiving mechanical ventilation with either (1) clinical signs of volume overload via chest radiography or physical exam or (2) any cumulative fluid balance ≥ 0 mL since hospital admission were eligible for inclusion. Patients received diuresis per clinician discretion for a 2-year period (historical control) followed by a diuresis protocol for 1 year (intervention). Patients within the intervention group were matched in a 1:3 ratio with those from the historical cohort who met the study inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS: A total of 364 patients were included, 91 in the protocol group and 273 receiving standard care. Protocolized diuresis was associated with a significant decrease in 72-h post-shock cumulative fluid balance [median, IQR − 2257 (− 5676–920) mL vs 265 (− 2283–3025) mL; p < 0.0001]. In-hospital mortality in the intervention group was lower compared to the historical group (5.5% vs 16.1%; p = 0.008) and higher ICU-free days (p = 0.03). However, no statistically significant difference was found in ventilator-free days, and increased rates of hypernatremia and hypokalemia were demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that a protocol for diuresis for de-resuscitation can significantly improve 72-h post-shock fluid balance with potential benefit on clinical outcomes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7048112/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-2795-9 id: cord-316938-64jxtg9y author: Blasi, Annabel title: In vitro hypercoagulability and ongoing in vivo activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis in COVID‐19 patients on anticoagulation date: 2020-08-06 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID‐19 is associated with a substantial risk of venous thrombotic events, even in the presence of adequate thromboprophylactic therapy. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to better characterize the hypercoagulable state of COVID‐19 patients in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy. METHODS: We took plasma samples of 23 patients with COVID‐19 who were on prophylactic or intensified anticoagulant therapy. Twenty healthy volunteers were included to establish reference ranges. RESULTS: COVID‐19 patients had a mildly prolonged prothrombin time, high VWF levels and low ADAMTS13 activity. Most rotational thromboelastometry parameters were normal, with a hypercoagulable maximum clot firmness in part of the patients. Despite detectable anti‐Xa activity in the majority of patients, ex vivo thrombin generation was normal, and in vivo thrombin generation elevated as evidenced by elevated levels of thrombin‐antithrombin complexes and D‐dimers. Plasma levels of activated factor VII were lower in patients, and levels of the platelet activation marker soluble CD40 ligand were similar in patients and controls. Plasmin‐antiplasmin complex levels were also increased in patients despite an in vitro hypofibrinolytic profile. CONCLUSIONS: COVID‐19 patients are characterized by normal in vitro thrombin generation and enhanced clot formation and decreased fibrinolytic potential despite the presence of heparin in the sample. Anticoagulated COVID‐19 patients have persistent in vivo activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis, but no evidence of excessive platelet activation. Ongoing activation of coagulation despite normal to intensified anticoagulant therapy indicates studies on alternative antithrombotic strategies are urgently required. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32762118/ doi: 10.1111/jth.15043 id: cord-312467-kbhljong author: Boilève, Alice title: COVID-19 management in a cancer center: the ICU storm date: 2020-07-31 words: 4117.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312467-kbhljong.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312467-kbhljong.txt summary: We report here management of a dedicated intensive care unit of a cancer center during the COVID-19 infection pandemic, considering resource allocation and redistribution of healthcare workers. In a situation of predictable shortage of beds and resources due to patients with COVID-19 requiring intensive care, the usual perception of cancer with a poor life expectancy population may lead to a limitation of aggressive management of this cohort. Here, we report management of such a specific ICU during the COVID-19 infection pandemic, considering resource allocation and redistribution of healthcare workers, and anticipation of the influx of patients. To increase ICU capacity, and to reduce the number of patients admitted in the post-surgical care ward, a large number of non-urgent surgery were postponed, as well as cancer treatments that were adapted to preserve available beds in ICU. abstract: A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was first reported as a respiratory illness in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Since then, the World Health Organization (WHO) Emergency Committee declared a global health. COVID-19 has now spread worldwide and is responsible of more than 472,216 persons, out of 9,100,090 officially diagnosed worldwide since 23 of June. In the context of cancer patients, COVID-19 has a severe impact, regarding pulmonary infection but also cancer treatments in this fragile and immunocompromised population, and ICU admission for cancer patients in the context of COVID-19 requires ethical and clinical consideration. In our cancer center, intensivists, oncologists, pharmacists, and hospital administrators had to prepare for a substantial increase in critical care bed capacity (from 10 ICU beds, 6 medical intensive care beds, and 12 surgical intensive care beds, bed capacity was increased to 28 medical intensive care beds with ventilating capacity) and to adapt infrastructure (i.e., ICU beds), supplies (i.e., drugs, ventilators, protective materials), and staff (i.e., nurses and medical staff). Overall, thirty-three COVID-19 patients were admitted in our ICU, 17 cancer-free and 16 with cancer, and 23 required mechanical ventilation, resulting in 4 deaths (of them two patients with cancer). We report here management of a dedicated intensive care unit of a cancer center during the COVID-19 infection pandemic, considering resource allocation and redistribution of healthcare workers. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-020-05658-9 doi: 10.1007/s00520-020-05658-9 id: cord-291481-ov1gkgpc author: Bonizzoli, Manuela title: Human herpesviruses respiratory infections in patients with acute respiratory distress (ARDS) date: 2016-05-02 words: 4998.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291481-ov1gkgpc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291481-ov1gkgpc.txt summary: In patients requiring mechanical ventilation, herpesviruses, mainly HSV1 and hCMV, may be frequently detected from either upper or lower respiratory tract Abstract Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is today a leading cause of hospitalization in intensive care unit (ICU). A higher ICU mortality was significantly related to the presence of herpesvirus infection in the lower respiratory tract as well as to impaired immunophenotype, as patients with poor outcome showed severe lymphopenia, affecting in particular T (CD3+) cells, since the first days of ICU hospitalization. One hundred and eight clinical samples from upper and lower respiratory tract from the 54 ICU patients were analyzed to detect influenza and other respiratory viruses and a group of herpesviruses (EBV, hCMV and HSV1). This report concerns a group of 54 patients admitted to ICU because of ARDS with unknown causative agent; 19 of them were infected by influenza virus, as demonstrated by the detection of viral RNA in both upper and lower respiratory tract samples. abstract: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is today a leading cause of hospitalization in intensive care unit (ICU). ARDS and pneumonia are closely related to critically ill patients; however, the etiologic agent is not always identified. The presence of human herpes simplex virus 1, human cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr virus in respiratory samples of critically ill patients is increasingly reported even without canonical immunosuppression. The main aim of this study was to better understand the significance of herpesviruses finding in lower respiratory tract of ARDS patients hospitalized in ICU. The presence of this group of herpesviruses, in addition to the research of influenza viruses and other common respiratory viruses, was investigated in respiratory samples from 54 patients hospitalized in ICU, without a known microbiological causative agent. Moreover, the immunophenotype of each patient was analyzed. Herpesviruses DNA presence in the lower respiratory tract seemed not attributable to an impaired immunophenotype, whereas a significant correlation was observed between herpesviruses positivity and influenza virus infection. A higher ICU mortality was significantly related to the presence of herpesvirus infection in the lower respiratory tract as well as to impaired immunophenotype, as patients with poor outcome showed severe lymphopenia, affecting in particular T (CD3+) cells, since the first days of ICU hospitalization. In conclusion, these results indicate that herpesviruses lower respiratory tract infection, which occurs more frequently following influenza virus infection, can be a negative prognostic marker. An independent risk factor for ICU patients with ARDS is an impaired immunophenotype. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-016-0456-z doi: 10.1007/s00430-016-0456-z id: cord-256424-t3dtabi4 author: Bousbia, Sabri title: Repertoire of Intensive Care Unit Pneumonia Microbiota date: 2012-02-28 words: 5641.0 sentences: 294.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256424-t3dtabi4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256424-t3dtabi4.txt summary: Recently, the bacterial microbiota of patients with cystic fibrosis and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) were studied using 16S rDNA gene amplification followed by clone libraries sequencing [9] [10] [11] . Bacterial microbiota as evaluated by 16S rDNA Molecular assays were positive for at least one bacterium for 129 out of 185 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from patients with pneumonia as well as from 13 out of 25 from control individuals (p = 0.07). Fungal microbiota obtained from patients showed the presence of 22 different species belonging to 2 phyla (8 orders, 11 families and 12 genera) among which 6 phylotypes had not been previously identified in BAL fluids from pneumonia. Indeed, our study reveals that some pathogens that till now had been considered typical for ICU pneumonia, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus species, or viruses, such CMV and HSV, can be detected as commonly in controls as in patients (Fig. S1 and S2 ). abstract: Despite the considerable number of studies reported to date, the causative agents of pneumonia are not completely identified. We comprehensively applied modern and traditional laboratory diagnostic techniques to identify microbiota in patients who were admitted to or developed pneumonia in intensive care units (ICUs). During a three-year period, we tested the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia, community-acquired pneumonia, non-ventilator ICU pneumonia and aspiration pneumonia, and compared the results with those from patients without pneumonia (controls). Samples were tested by amplification of 16S rDNA, 18S rDNA genes followed by cloning and sequencing and by PCR to target specific pathogens. We also included culture, amoeba co-culture, detection of antibodies to selected agents and urinary antigen tests. Based on molecular testing, we identified a wide repertoire of 160 bacterial species of which 73 have not been previously reported in pneumonia. Moreover, we found 37 putative new bacterial phylotypes with a 16S rDNA gene divergence ≥98% from known phylotypes. We also identified 24 fungal species of which 6 have not been previously reported in pneumonia and 7 viruses. Patients can present up to 16 different microorganisms in a single BAL (mean ± SD; 3.77±2.93). Some pathogens considered to be typical for ICU pneumonia such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus species can be detected as commonly in controls as in pneumonia patients which strikingly highlights the existence of a core pulmonary microbiota. Differences in the microbiota of different forms of pneumonia were documented. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22389704/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032486 id: cord-005603-kjcbbgse author: Brun-Buisson, C. title: The epidemiology of the systemic inflammatory response date: 2000 words: 7166.0 sentences: 297.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005603-kjcbbgse.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005603-kjcbbgse.txt summary: Objective: To examine the incidence, risk factors, aetiologies and outcome of the various forms of the septic syndromes (the systemic inflammatory response syndrome [SIRS] sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock) and their relationships with infection.¶Design: Review of published cohort studies examining the epidemiology of the septic syndromes, with emphasis on intensive care unit (ICU) patients.¶Results: The prevalence of SIRS is very high, affecting one-third of all in-hospital patients, and > 50 % of all ICU patients; in surgical ICU patients, SIRS occurs in > 80 % patients. In the French Bacteraemia/Sepsis study, including 24 hospitals on the one hand [5] and 170 ICUs on the other [13] both surveyed during a 2-month period, the overall incidence of severe sepsis and shock (including clinically and microbiologically documented infection) was of 6/1000 of all hospital admissions, but only of 2.9/ 1000 in medical/surgical wards and 119/1000 in ICUs ( Table 2 ). abstract: Objective: To examine the incidence, risk factors, aetiologies and outcome of the various forms of the septic syndromes (the systemic inflammatory response syndrome [SIRS] sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock) and their relationships with infection.¶Design: Review of published cohort studies examining the epidemiology of the septic syndromes, with emphasis on intensive care unit (ICU) patients.¶Results: The prevalence of SIRS is very high, affecting one-third of all in-hospital patients, and > 50 % of all ICU patients; in surgical ICU patients, SIRS occurs in > 80 % patients. Trauma patients are at particularly high risk of SIRS, and most these patients do not have infection documented. The prevalence of infection and bacteraemia increases with the number of SIRS criteria met, and with increasing severity of the septic syndromes. About one-third of patients with SIRS have or evolve to sepsis. Sepsis may occur in approximately 25 % of ICU patients, and bacteraemic sepsis in 10 %. In such patients, sepsis evolves to severe sepsis in > 50 % of cases, whereas evolution to severe sepsis in non-ICU patients is about 25 %. Severe sepsis and septic shock occur in 2 %–3 % of ward patients and 10 %–15 % or more ICU patients, depending on the case-mix; 25 % of patients with severe sepsis have shock. There is a graded severity from SIRS to sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock, with an associated 28-d mortality of approximately 10 %, 20 %, 20 %–40 %, and 40 %–60 %, respectively. Mortality rates are similar within each stage, whether infection is documented or not, and microbiological characteristics of infection do not substantially influence outcome, although the source of infection does. While about three of four deaths occur during the first months after sepsis, the septic syndromes significantly impact on long-term outcome, with an estimated 50 % reduction of life expectancy over the following five years. The major determinants of outcome, both short-term and long-term, of patients with sepsis are the severity of underlying diseases and comorbidities, the presence of shock and organ failures at onset of sepsis or evolving thereafter. It has been estimated that two-thirds of the overall mortality can be attributed to sepsis.¶Conclusions: The prevalence of sepsis in ICU patients is very high, and most patients have clinically or microbiologically documented infection, except in specific subset of patients. The prognosis of septic syndromes is related to underlying diseases and the severity of the inflammatory response and its sequelae, reflected in shock and organ dysfunction/failures. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7094973/ doi: 10.1007/s001340051121 id: cord-332074-s824m91f author: Caillet, Anaëlle title: Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on ICU Caregivers date: 2020-09-29 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: SUBJECT AND PURPOSE: Just as every pandemic, COVID-19 could lead to emotional and psychological disturbances among caregivers, especially in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), where significant stress related to the influx of patients, exposure to the virus and the lack of documentation on this new SARS occurred. The present study aimed at assessing the psychological impact of COVID-19 on the caregivers at the peak of the “crisis period”. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R) was proposed to the persons working in 5 ICUs of a French teaching hospital (April 8 to April 21, 2020). Logistic regression was performed to find independent risk factors for anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTDS). A value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The incidence of anxiety and depression were 48% and 16%, respectively. PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) symptoms were present in 27% of respondents. The independent risk factors for developing anxiety syndrome were being assigned in COVID-19 + ICU (OR = 2.081 [95% confident interval (CI), 1.035-4.184)], and not be trained in intensive care medicine, OR = 2.570 [95% CI, 1.344-4.901]. The independent risk factors for PTSD are having a history of burn-out (OR = 4.591 [95% CI, 1.464-14.397] and not being trained in ICU, (OR = 2.155 [95% CI, 1.047-4.440]). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 could lead to strong impact on ICU workers. These findings should lead to prevention procedures (ICU training sessions) in persons at risk. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2352556820302101 doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.08.006 id: cord-347790-7h25gzzl author: Calligaro, Keith D. title: COVID (Co-Operative Vascular Intervention Disease) Team of Greater Philadelphia date: 2020-06-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: We established the COVID (Co-OperativeVascularInterventionDisease) Team of Greater Philadelphia because national guidelines may not apply to different geographic areas of the United States due to varying penetrance of the virus. On April 10, 2020, a ten-question survey regarding issues and strategies dealing with COVID-19 was e-mailed to 58 VSs in the Greater Philadelphia area. Fifty-four VSs in 18 surgical groups covering 28 hospitals responded. All groups accepted transfers due to continued ICU bed availability. Thirteen groups were asked to “re-deploy” if the need arose to function outside of the usual duties of a VS. None imposed age restrictions regarding older VSs continuing clinical hospital work. The majority restricted non-invasive vascular laboratory studies to those studies where findings might mandate intervention within 2-3 weeks, restricted dialysis access operations to urgent revisions of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs)/ grafts that were failing or had ulcerations, converted from in-person to telemedicine clinic interactions, and experienced moderate/severe anxiety or fear about personal COVID-19 exposure in the hospital. The majority of VSs in the Philadelphia area have dramatically adjusted their clinical practices before the COVID-19 crisis reached peak levels experienced in other metropolitan areas. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32561268/ doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.05.058 id: cord-326989-l8nfd03a author: Cammarota, Gianmaria title: Critical Care Surge Capacity to Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: A Rapid and Affordable Solution in the Novara Hospital date: 2020-05-19 words: 1308.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326989-l8nfd03a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326989-l8nfd03a.txt summary: The rapid insurgence and spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exceeded the limit of the intensive care unit (ICU) contingency plan of the Maggiore della Carità University Hospital (Novara, Italy) generating a crisis management condition. In a short time and at a relatively low cost, a structural modification of a hospital aisle allowed to convert the general ICU into a COVID-19 unit, increasing the number of COVID-19 critical care beds by 107%. While the general ICU were progressively converted to COVID-19 unit and the contingency plan was implemented, anesthesiologists, nurses, and other health care professionals, recruited from surgical teams, underwent a specific just-in-time training to improve technical skills in the application of PPE and in the clinical management of mechanically ventilated ARF patients. By addressing the key elements of health care system surge capacity from contingency to crisis, a prompt response to the sudden request of IMV was provided, converting the general ICU into a COVID-19 unit and increasing the number of COVID-19 ICU beds by 107%. abstract: The rapid insurgence and spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exceeded the limit of the intensive care unit (ICU) contingency plan of the Maggiore della Carità University Hospital (Novara, Italy) generating a crisis management condition. This brief report describes how a prompt response to the sudden request of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) was provided by addressing the key elements of health care system surge capacity from contingency to crisis. In a short time and at a relatively low cost, a structural modification of a hospital aisle allowed to convert the general ICU into a COVID-19 unit, increasing the number of COVID-19 critical care beds by 107%. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32423513/ doi: 10.1017/s1049023x20000692 id: cord-277621-mvsdrxzf author: Canavera, Kristin title: Mental Health Care During and After the ICU: A Call to Action date: 2020-06-27 words: 982.0 sentences: 54.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277621-mvsdrxzf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277621-mvsdrxzf.txt summary: In response, we must be prepared for the possibility that COVID-19 ICU patients and survivors may require intensified mental health care interventions to address PICs. Even prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, our country had an unmet yet important need to improve our provision of mental health care for critically ill patients and ICU survivors. We urge public health experts, hospital administrators, and clinicians to prioritize actions developed to address these mental health care needs both during and after critical illness. Amidst this global pandemic we are facing and the unprecedented surge in ICU admissions, it is likely that mental health clinicians may be providing services to patients or families negatively impacted by critical care during this era of COVID-19. As such, more mental health care clinicians should familiarize themselves with the psychological outcomes of critical illness and receive additional training and education in this realm and/or mentorship. Public health experts, hospitals, and clinicians need to prioritize mental health care both during and after ICU admissions. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.06.028 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.06.028 id: cord-301336-rycbeax7 author: Cao, Jianlei title: Clinical features and short-term outcomes of 18 patients with corona virus disease 2019 in intensive care unit date: 2020-03-02 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-05987-7 doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-05987-7 id: cord-103686-er8llst4 author: Carboni Bisso, I. title: Influenza season 2019: analysis of 143 hospitalized cases date: 2020-09-18 words: 2426.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-103686-er8llst4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-103686-er8llst4.txt summary: Among the patients hospitalized due to influenza severe respiratory infection, it has been estimated that 29 to 6% require admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). In Argentina, there is a significant absence of data regarding influenza severe respiratory disease and, therefore, a lack of knowledge about the impact of this disease at health institutions, hospital mortality, and the profile of patients requiring ICU. Thus, the objective of this work is to describe the history of comorbidities as well as the clinical, laboratory and imaging findings of patients who required hospitalization in a general ward or ICU during 2019 in a high-complexity care hospital from Buenos Aires, capital of Argentina. In this cohort study, we reported the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with clinical outcomes in patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza who required hospitalization during 2019. abstract: Introduction Influenza virus infection is a latent public health problem, affecting millions of people through the planet, and it is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. In Argentina, there is a significant absence of data regarding influenza severe respiratory disease and, therefore, a lack of knowledge about the impact of this disease at health institutions. Objectives Analysis of clinical characteristics, image findings and laboratory variables in patients with influenza viruses during 2019. Methods Retrospective, single-centre study, we analyzed all confirmed cases of influenza in a high complexity hospital from Buenos Aires. Results 143 patients with influenza virus were hospitalized in this period of time. The 98.6% were infected by type A influenza, and most of them 61.5% were H1N1 subtype. Median age was 71 years (IQR 60 - 82), 77.6% were older than 70 years, and 88.1% had at least one coexisting illness. 39.1% of the patients required intensive care, 11.1% invasive mechanical ventilation and 4.1% died during hospitalization. Conclusion Mortality and severity were similar to previous series of non-pandemic influenza. Analysis of annual data would be valuable in order to document the severity of influenza hospitalizations by age-group and comorbidities according to the circulating influenza viruses. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.16.20195974v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.16.20195974 id: cord-314737-2fun90ze author: Cardoso, Filipe S. title: Age, sex, and comorbidities predict ICU admission or mortality in cases with SARS-CoV2 infection: a population-based cohort study date: 2020-07-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03173-1 doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03173-1 id: cord-302177-8w3ojgd4 author: Cavayas, Yiorgos Alexandros title: Early experience with critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Montreal date: 2020-09-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: PURPOSE: Montreal has been the epicentre of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Canada. Given the regional disparities in incidence and mortality in the general population, we aimed to describe local characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients in Montreal. METHODS: A single-centre retrospective cohort of consecutive adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal with confirmed COVID-19 were included. RESULTS: Between 20 March and 13 May 2020, 75 patients were admitted, with a median [interquartile range (IQR)] age of 62 [53–72] yr and high rates of obesity (47%), hypertension (67%), and diabetes (37%). Healthcare-related infections were responsible for 35% of cases. The median [IQR] day 1 sequential organ failure assessment score was 6 [3–7]. Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) was used in 57% of patients for a median [IQR] of 11 [5–22] days. Patients receiving IMV were characterized by a moderately decreased median [IQR] partial pressure of oxygen:fraction of inspired oxygen (day 1 PaO(2):F(i)O(2) = 177 [138–276]; day 10 = 173 [147–227]) and compliance (day 1 = 48 [38–58] mL/cmH(2)O; day 10 = 34 [28–42] mL/cmH(2)O) and very elevated estimated dead space fraction (day 1 = 0.60 [0.53–0.67]; day 10 = 0.72 [0.69–0.79]). Overall hospital mortality was 25%, and 21% in the IMV patients. Mortality was 82% in patients ≥ 80 yr old. CONCLUSIONS: Characteristics and outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Montreal were similar to those reported in the existing literature. We found an increased physiologic dead space, supporting the hypothesis that pulmonary vascular injury may be central to COVID-19-induced lung damage. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-020-01816-z doi: 10.1007/s12630-020-01816-z id: cord-335894-6m0nnufu author: Ceriello, Antonio title: Issues for the management of people with diabetes and COVID-19 in ICU date: 2020-07-20 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: In the pandemic “Corona Virus Disease 2019” (COVID-19) people with diabetes have a high risk to require ICU admission. The management of diabetes in Intensive Care Unit is always challenging, however, when diabetes is present in COVID-19 the situation seems even more complicated. An optimal glycemic control, avoiding acute hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia and glycemic variability may significantly improve the outcome. In this case, intravenous insulin infusion with continuous glucose monitoring should be the choice. No evidence suggests stopping angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-renin-blockers or statins, even it has been suggested that they may increase the expression of Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor, which is used by “Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to penetrate into the cells. A real issue is the usefulness of several biomarkers, which have been suggested to be measured during the COVID-19. N-Terminal-pro-Brain Natriuretic-Peptide, D-dimer and hs-Troponin are often increased in diabetes. Their meaning in the case of diabetes and COVID-19 should be therefore very carefully evaluated. Even though we understand that in such a critical situation some of these requests are not so easy to implement, we believe that the best possible action to prevent a worse outcome is essential in any medical act. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-020-01089-2 doi: 10.1186/s12933-020-01089-2 id: cord-302997-39o08tt1 author: Ceruti, S. title: Reduced mortality and shorten ICU stay in SARS-COV-2 pneumonia: a low PEEP strategy date: 2020-05-08 words: 3557.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302997-39o08tt1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302997-39o08tt1.txt summary: We implemented a "care map", as a standardized multidisciplinary approach to improve patients monitoring using: uniform patient selection for ICU admission, a low-PEEP strategy and a pharmacologic strategic thromboembolism management. To date, ten patients (24%) died, four (9.7%) received mechanical ventilation, two were transferred to another hospital and 25 (60.9%) were discharged from ICU after a median of nine days. Deep vein thrombosis, PE, Ventilator-Associated-Pneumonia (VAP) and Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) have been the main complications arose in patients admitted to ICU: DVTs and PEs were defined as suspected with an increase in serum D-dimer values over 1,500 ng/ml, while they were considered as confirmed by ultrasound or CT-scan positive finding, defined according to current clinical standards. In all, this suggests that a less traumatic approach to ventilation by low PEEP and avoiding unnecessary MV by delaying ICU admission can be of help in managing COVID-19 patients and in improving survival. abstract: Background Intensive Care Unit (ICU) management of COVID-19 patients with severe hypoxemia is associated with high mortality. We implemented a "care map", as a standardized multidisciplinary approach to improve patients monitoring using: uniform patient selection for ICU admission, a low-PEEP strategy and a pharmacologic strategic thromboembolism management. Methods A standardized protocol for managing COVID-19 patients and ICU admissions was implemented through accurate Early Warning Score (EWS) monitoring and thromboembolism prophylaxis at hospital admission. Dyspnea, mental confusion or SpO2 less than 85% were criteria for ICU admission. Ventilation approach employed low PEEP values (about 10 cmH2O in presence of lung compliance > 40 mL/cmH2O) and FiO2 as needed. In presence of lower lung compliance (< 40 mL/cmH2O) PEEP value was increased to about 14 cmH2O. Results From March 16th to April 12nd 2020, 41 COVID-19 patients were admitted to our ICU from a total of 310 patients. 83% (34) of them needed mechanical ventilation. The ventilation approach chosen employed low PEEP value based on BMI (PEEP 11+/- 3.8 (10-12) cmH2O if BMI < 30 Kg/m2; PEEP 15+/- 3.26 (12-18) cmH2O if BMI >30 Kg/m2). To date, ten patients (24%) died, four (9.7%) received mechanical ventilation, two were transferred to another hospital and 25 (60.9%) were discharged from ICU after a median of nine days. Discussion A multimodal approach for COVID-19 patients is mandatory. The knowledge of this multi-organ disease is growing rapidly, requiring improvements in the standard of care. Our approach implements an accurate pre-ICU monitoring and strict selection for ICU admission, and allows to reduce mechanical ventilation, ICU stay and mortality. Funding No funding has been required. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.03.20089318 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.03.20089318 id: cord-027678-k64whepc author: Chan, Kai Man title: Pneumonia date: 2020-06-22 words: 6626.0 sentences: 414.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-027678-k64whepc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-027678-k64whepc.txt summary: The differential diagnosis and the likely causative organisms can be narrowed by using epidemiological clues, the most important of which are whether the pneumonia is community-acquired or healthcare-associated and whether the patient is immunocompromised. An acute infection of the pulmonary parenchyma that is associated with at least some symptoms of acute infection, accompanied by an acute infiltrate on a chest radiograph (CXR), or auscultatory findings consistent with pneumonia (e.g. altered breath sounds, localised crackles) in a patient not hospitalised or residing in a long-term care facility for ≥14 days prior to the onset of symptoms. Diagnosis may be difficult: the clinical features of pneumonia are non-specific and many non-infectious conditions (e.g. atelectasis, pulmonary embolus, aspiration, heart Table 36 .2 Procedure for obtaining microbiological samples using bronchoscopy and protected specimen brushing and/or bronchoalveolar lavage 35, 49 Infection control abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7310946/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-4762-6.00036-9 id: cord-029516-tj93wo1s author: Chelly, Jonathan title: Automated vs. conventional ventilation in the ICU: a randomized controlled crossover trial comparing blood oxygen saturation during daily nursing procedures (I-NURSING) date: 2020-07-22 words: 4410.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029516-tj93wo1s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029516-tj93wo1s.txt summary: METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled crossover trial was carried out in a French intensive care unit to compare blood oxygen pulse saturation (SpO(2)) during DNPs performed on patients mechanically ventilated in automated and conventional ventilation modes (AV and CV, respectively). In a prospective study on 16 ICU patients undergoing MV, 668 nursing procedures were observed and blood oxygen desaturation ≤ 90% was the most frequent adverse event described, representing 29% of the overall major physiological changes reported by the authors [10] . Our study suggests AV may have a protective effect when compared to CV in terms of SpO 2 values and the incidence and severity of blood oxygen desaturation during DNPs. A prospective randomized controlled study of 60 post-cardiac surgery patients showed that in comparison to CV, INTELLiVENT-ASV® significantly reduces MV duration before inclusion-days 4 ± 4 (4-5) abstract: BACKGROUND: Hypoxia is common during daily nursing procedures (DNPs) routinely performed on mechanically ventilated patients. The impact of automated ventilation on the incidence and severity of blood oxygen desaturation during DNPs remains unknown. METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled crossover trial was carried out in a French intensive care unit to compare blood oxygen pulse saturation (SpO(2)) during DNPs performed on patients mechanically ventilated in automated and conventional ventilation modes (AV and CV, respectively). All patients with FiO(2) ≤ 60% and without prone positioning or neuromuscular blocking agents were included. Patients underwent two DNPs on the same day using AV (INTELLiVENT-ASV®) and CV (volume control, biphasic positive airway pressure, or pressure support ventilation) in a randomized order. The primary outcome was the percentage of time spent with SpO(2) in the acceptable range of 90–95% during the DNP. RESULTS: Of the 265 included patients, 93% had been admitted for a medical pathology, the majority for acute respiratory failure (52%). There was no difference between the two periods in terms of DNP duration, sedation requirements, or ventilation parameters, but patients had more spontaneous breaths and lower peak airway pressures during the AV period (p < 0.001). The percentage of time spent with SpO(2) in the acceptable range during DNPs was longer in the AV period than in the CV period (48 ± 37 vs. 43 ± 37, percentage of DNP period; p = 0.03). After adjustment, AV was associated with a higher number of DNPs carried out with SpO(2) in the acceptable range (odds ratio, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.28 to 2.6; p = 0.001) and a lower incidence of blood oxygen desaturation ≤ 85% (adjusted odds ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.85; p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: AV appears to reduce the incidence and severity of blood oxygen desaturation during daily nursing procedures (DNPs) in comparison to CV. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered in clinical-trial.gov (NCT03176329) in June 2017. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7374079/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03155-3 id: cord-318984-8m9ygzn5 author: Chen, Yin-Yin title: Surveillance on secular trends of incidence and mortality for device–associated infection in the intensive care unit setting at a tertiary medical center in Taiwan, 2000–2008: A retrospective observational study date: 2012-09-10 words: 4291.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318984-8m9ygzn5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318984-8m9ygzn5.txt summary: We examined the rates of DAI by antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, and 30–day and in–hospital mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU). Decreased susceptibility of both gram-positive and gram-negative microbes to antibiotics has been well described in several surveillance studies over the past decade, and increases in the rate of bloodstream infection caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) gramnegative bacteria have been reported to be 16-fold [5, [8] [9] [10] [11] . In this study, prospective surveillance was conducted to determine the DAI rate and prevalence of antibiotic-resistant isolates at an adult medical-surgical ICU (MS ICU). Our aim was to analyze the secular trend of incidence for different types of DAIs, determine the common pathogens involved, and determine the rates of antimicrobial resistance and overall 30-day and in-hospital mortality during the period 2000-2008. The involved patient demographic information, the dates and sites of infection, device-utilization (DU) ratio, pathogens, antimicrobial susceptibilities, invasive procedures, and overall 30-day mortality and in-hospital crude mortality were recorded. abstract: BACKGROUND: Device–associated infection (DAI) plays an important part in nosocomial infection. Active surveillance and infection control are needed to disclose the specific situation in each hospital and to cope with this problem effectively. We examined the rates of DAI by antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, and 30–day and in–hospital mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: Prospective surveillance was conducted in a mixed medical and surgical ICU at a major teaching hospital from 2000 through 2008. Trend analysis was performed and logistic regression was used to assess prognostic factors of mortality. RESULTS: The overall rate of DAIs was 3.03 episodes per 1000 device–days. The most common DAI type was catheter–associated urinary tract infection (3.76 per 1000 urinary catheter–days). There was a decrease in DAI rates in 2005 and rates of ventilator–associated pneumonia (VAP, 3.18 per 1000 ventilator–days) have remained low since then (p < 0.001). The crude rates of 30–day (33.6%) and in–hospital (52.3%) mortality, as well as infection by antibiotic-resistant VAP pathogens also decreased. The most common antimicrobial-resistant pathogens were methicillin–resistant Staphylococcus aureus (94.9%) and imipenem–resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (p < 0.001), which also increased at the most rapid rate. The rate of antimicrobial resistance among Enterobacteriaceae also increased significantly (p < 0.05). After controlling for potentially confounding factors, the DAI was an independent prognostic factor for both 30–day mortality (OR 2.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.99–3.17, p = 0.001) and in–hospital mortality (OR 3.61, 95% CI 2.10–3.25, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in the rate of DAI and infection by resistant bacteria on the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome can be attributed to active infection control and improved adherence after 2003. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22963041/ doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-209 id: cord-332180-dw4h69tp author: Cheng, Fu-Yuan title: Using Machine Learning to Predict ICU Transfer in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-06-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Objectives: Approximately 20–30% of patients with COVID-19 require hospitalization, and 5–12% may require critical care in an intensive care unit (ICU). A rapid surge in cases of severe COVID-19 will lead to a corresponding surge in demand for ICU care. Because of constraints on resources, frontline healthcare workers may be unable to provide the frequent monitoring and assessment required for all patients at high risk of clinical deterioration. We developed a machine learning-based risk prioritization tool that predicts ICU transfer within 24 h, seeking to facilitate efficient use of care providers’ efforts and help hospitals plan their flow of operations. Methods: A retrospective cohort was comprised of non-ICU COVID-19 admissions at a large acute care health system between 26 February and 18 April 2020. Time series data, including vital signs, nursing assessments, laboratory data, and electrocardiograms, were used as input variables for training a random forest (RF) model. The cohort was randomly split (70:30) into training and test sets. The RF model was trained using 10-fold cross-validation on the training set, and its predictive performance on the test set was then evaluated. Results: The cohort consisted of 1987 unique patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted to non-ICU units of the hospital. The median time to ICU transfer was 2.45 days from the time of admission. Compared to actual admissions, the tool had 72.8% (95% CI: 63.2–81.1%) sensitivity, 76.3% (95% CI: 74.7–77.9%) specificity, 76.2% (95% CI: 74.6–77.7%) accuracy, and 79.9% (95% CI: 75.2–84.6%) area under the receiver operating characteristics curve. Conclusions: A ML-based prediction model can be used as a screening tool to identify patients at risk of imminent ICU transfer within 24 h. This tool could improve the management of hospital resources and patient-throughput planning, thus delivering more effective care to patients hospitalized with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9061668 doi: 10.3390/jcm9061668 id: cord-278325-ykcd7d59 author: Cheung, Carmen Ka Man title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Haematologist''s Perspective date: 2020-07-28 words: 7672.0 sentences: 379.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278325-ykcd7d59.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278325-ykcd7d59.txt summary: Two meta-analyses showed that a lower platelet count is associated with an increased risk of severe disease and mortality in patients with COVID-19 and may serve as a marker for progression of illness [53, 54] . Experience from previous SARS patients, caused by SARS-CoV-1, suggested that coronavirus could cause thrombocytopenia by direct viral infection of bone marrow haematopoietic stem cells via CD13 or CD66a, formation of auto-antibodies and immune complexes, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), and consumption of platelet in lung epithelium [61, 62] . The International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) suggested all patients (including non-critically ill) who require hospital admission for COVID-19 infection should receive a prophylactic dose of LMWH unless contraindicated (Table 2 ) [102] . Clinical Course and Outcomes of Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Preliminary Report of the First 28 Patients from the Korean Cohort Study on COVID-19 abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is affecting millions of patients worldwide. It is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which belongs to the family Coronaviridae, with 80% genomic similarities to SARS-CoV. Lymphopenia was commonly seen in infected patients and has a correlation to disease severity. Thrombocytopenia, coagulation abnormalities, and disseminated intravascular coagulation were observed in COVID-19 patients, especially those with critical illness and non-survivors. This pandemic has caused disruption in communities and hospital services, as well as straining blood product supply, affecting chemotherapy treatment and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation schedule. In this article, we review the haematological manifestations of the disease and its implication on the management of patients with haematological disorders. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32721958/ doi: 10.1159/000510178 id: cord-003701-i70ztypg author: Chow, Eric J. title: Influenza virus-related critical illness: prevention, diagnosis, treatment date: 2019-06-12 words: 6869.0 sentences: 320.0 pages: flesch: 25.0 cache: ./cache/cord-003701-i70ztypg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-003701-i70ztypg.txt summary: Based upon observational data that suggest harms, adjunctive corticosteroid treatment is currently not recommended for children or adults hospitalized with influenza, including critically ill patients, unless clinically indicated for another reason, such as treatment of asthma or COPD exacerbation, or septic shock. No completed randomized, placebo-controlled trials of antiviral treatment have been conducted in hospitalized influenza patients to establish the efficacy of oseltamivir or other NAIs. A number of observational studies have reported clinical benefit of neuraminidase inhibitors in hospitalized patients, including reduction in duration of hospitalization and risk of death, including in ICU patients [67] [68] [69] [70] [71] [72] [73] [74] . A cohort study of early versus late oseltamivir treatment reported a significant reduction in mortality and median duration of ICU hospitalization in severely ill patients with influenza A(H3N2), but not A(H1N1pdm09) or B virus infection in Greece [78] . abstract: Annual seasonal influenza epidemics of variable severity result in significant morbidity and mortality in the United States (U.S.) and worldwide. In temperate climate countries, including the U.S., influenza activity peaks during the winter months. Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all persons in the U.S. aged 6 months and older, and among those at increased risk for influenza-related complications in other parts of the world (e.g. young children, elderly). Observational studies have reported effectiveness of influenza vaccination to reduce the risks of severe disease requiring hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and death. A diagnosis of influenza should be considered in critically ill patients admitted with complications such as exacerbation of underlying chronic comorbidities, community-acquired pneumonia, and respiratory failure during influenza season. Molecular tests are recommended for influenza testing of respiratory specimens in hospitalized patients. Antigen detection assays are not recommended in critically ill patients because of lower sensitivity; negative results of these tests should not be used to make clinical decisions, and respiratory specimens should be tested for influenza by molecular assays. Because critically ill patients with lower respiratory tract disease may have cleared influenza virus in the upper respiratory tract, but have prolonged influenza viral replication in the lower respiratory tract, an endotracheal aspirate (preferentially) or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimen (if collected for other diagnostic purposes) should be tested by molecular assay for detection of influenza viruses. Observational studies have reported that antiviral treatment of critically ill adult influenza patients with a neuraminidase inhibitor is associated with survival benefit. Since earlier initiation of antiviral treatment is associated with the greatest clinical benefit, standard-dose oseltamivir (75 mg twice daily in adults) for enteric administration is recommended as soon as possible as it is well absorbed in critically ill patients. Based upon observational data that suggest harms, adjunctive corticosteroid treatment is currently not recommended for children or adults hospitalized with influenza, including critically ill patients, unless clinically indicated for another reason, such as treatment of asthma or COPD exacerbation, or septic shock. A number of pharmaceutical agents are in development for treatment of severe influenza. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6563376/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-019-2491-9 id: cord-133273-kvyzuayp author: Christ, Andreas title: Artificial Intelligence: Research Impact on Key Industries; the Upper-Rhine Artificial Intelligence Symposium (UR-AI 2020) date: 2020-10-05 words: 42472.0 sentences: 2376.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-133273-kvyzuayp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-133273-kvyzuayp.txt summary: During the literature review it was evident the presence of few works dedicated to evaluating comprehensively the complete cycle of biofeedback, which comprises using the wearable devices, applying Machine Learning patterns detection algorithms, generate the psychologic intervention, besides monitoring its effects and recording the history of events [9, 3] . This solution is being proposed by several literature study about stress patterns and physiological aspects but with few results, for this reason, our project will address topics like experimental study protocol on signals acquisition from patients/participants with wearables to data acquisition and processing, in sequence will be applied machine learning modeling and prediction on biosignal data regarding stress (Fig. 1) . We will present first results of the project concerning a new process model for cooperating data scientists and quality engineers, a product testing model as knowledge base for machine learning computing and visual support of quality engineers in order to explain prediction results. abstract: The TriRhenaTech alliance presents a collection of accepted papers of the cancelled tri-national 'Upper-Rhine Artificial Inteeligence Symposium' planned for 13th May 2020 in Karlsruhe. The TriRhenaTech alliance is a network of universities in the Upper-Rhine Trinational Metropolitan Region comprising of the German universities of applied sciences in Furtwangen, Kaiserslautern, Karlsruhe, and Offenburg, the Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University Loerrach, the French university network Alsace Tech (comprised of 14 'grandes 'ecoles' in the fields of engineering, architecture and management) and the University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland. The alliance's common goal is to reinforce the transfer of knowledge, research, and technology, as well as the cross-border mobility of students. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.16241v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-279520-zccd1mq5 author: Christian, Michael D. title: Possible SARS Coronavirus Transmission during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation date: 2004-02-17 words: 4047.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279520-zccd1mq5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279520-zccd1mq5.txt summary: Infection of healthcare workers with the severe acute respiratory syndrome–associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is thought to occur primarily by either contact or large respiratory droplet transmission. We investigated a possible cluster of SARS-CoV infections in healthcare workers who used contact and droplet precautions during attempted cardiopulmonary resuscitation of a SARS patient. On the basis of the results of this investigation and previous reports of SARS transmission during aerosol-generating procedures, a systematic approach to the problem is outlined, including the use of the following: 1) administrative controls, 2) environmental engineering controls, 3) personal protective equipment, and 4) quality control. However, despite the use of infection control precautions and personal protective equipment designed to prevent contact and droplet transmission, episodes of SARS-CoV transmission to health-care workers have continued to occur under certain circumstances. We present the results of an investigation of the first reported transmission of SARS-CoV to healthcare workers that occurred during attempted cardiopulmonary resuscitation of a completely unresponsive SARS patient. abstract: Infection of healthcare workers with the severe acute respiratory syndrome–associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is thought to occur primarily by either contact or large respiratory droplet transmission. However, infrequent healthcare worker infections occurred despite the use of contact and droplet precautions, particularly during certain aerosol-generating medical procedures. We investigated a possible cluster of SARS-CoV infections in healthcare workers who used contact and droplet precautions during attempted cardiopulmonary resuscitation of a SARS patient. Unlike previously reported instances of transmission during aerosol-generating procedures, the index case-patient was unresponsive, and the intubation procedure was performed quickly and without difficulty. However, before intubation, the patient was ventilated with a bag-valve-mask that may have contributed to aerosolization of SARS-CoV. On the basis of the results of this investigation and previous reports of SARS transmission during aerosol-generating procedures, a systematic approach to the problem is outlined, including the use of the following: 1) administrative controls, 2) environmental engineering controls, 3) personal protective equipment, and 4) quality control. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15030699/ doi: 10.3201/eid1002.030700 id: cord-326315-ncfxlnpj author: Cillóniz, Catia title: Community-acquired polymicrobial pneumonia in the intensive care unit: aetiology and prognosis date: 2011-09-14 words: 4176.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 29.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326315-ncfxlnpj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326315-ncfxlnpj.txt summary: INTRODUCTION: The frequency and clinical significance of polymicrobial aetiology in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients admitted to the ICU have been poorly studied. The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence, clinical characteristics and outcomes of severe CAP of polymicrobial aetiology in patients admitted to the ICU. Patients with polymicrobial aetiology had previously received antibiotics less frequently, had a higher proportion of chronic respiratory and neurological diseases, less frequently presented fever at admission, had higher rates of PSI risk class V, had severe CAP according to the IDSA/ATS definition, and fulfilled ARDS criteria. Among these variables, chronic respiratory disease and ARDS criteria at hospital admission were independent predictors of polymicrobial aetiology in the multivariate analysis. • Polymicrobial aetiology is frequent among patients with CAP admitted to the ICU and may result in inappropriate empiric antimicrobial treatment. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The frequency and clinical significance of polymicrobial aetiology in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients admitted to the ICU have been poorly studied. The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence, clinical characteristics and outcomes of severe CAP of polymicrobial aetiology in patients admitted to the ICU. METHODS: The prospective observational study included 362 consecutive adult patients with CAP admitted to the ICU within 24 hours of presentation; 196 (54%) patients had an established aetiology. RESULTS: Polymicrobial infection was present in 39 (11%) cases (20% of those with defined aetiology): 33 cases with two pathogens, and six cases with three pathogens. The most frequently identified pathogens in polymicrobial infections were Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 28, 72%), respiratory viruses (n = 15, 39%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 8, 21%). Chronic respiratory disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome criteria were independent predictors of polymicrobial aetiology. Inappropriate initial antimicrobial treatment was more frequent in the polymicrobial aetiology group compared with the monomicrobial aetiology group (39% vs. 10%, P < 0.001), and was an independent predictor of hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio = 10.79, 95% confidence interval = 3.97 to 29.30; P < 0.001). The trend for higher hospital mortality of the polymicrobial aetiology group compared with the monomicrobial aetiology group (n = 8, 21% versus n = 17, 11%), however, was not significantly different (P = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS: Polymicrobial pneumonia occurs frequently in patients admitted to the ICU. This is a risk factor for inappropriate initial antimicrobial treatment, which in turn independently predicts hospital mortality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21914220/ doi: 10.1186/cc10444 id: cord-332979-eln7n6zb author: Ciminelli, G. title: How Emergency Care Congestion Increases Covid-19 Mortality: Evidence from Lombardy, Italy date: 2020-10-29 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: The Covid-19 pandemic has caused generous and well-developed healthcare systems to collapse. This paper quantifies how much system congestion may have increased mortality rates, using distance to the ICU as a proxy for access to emergency care. METHODS: We match daily death registry data for almost 1,500 municipalities in Lombardy, Italy, to data on geographical location of all ICU beds in the region. We then analyze how system congestion increases mortality in municipalities that are far from the ICU through a differences-in-differences regression model. FINDINGS: We find that Covid-19 mortality is up to 60% higher in the average municipality -- which is 15 minutes driving away from the closest ICU -- than in a municipality with an ICU in town. This difference is larger in areas and in days characterized by an abnormal number of calls to the emergency line. INTERPRETATION: We interpret these results as suggesting that a sudden surge of critical patients may have congested the healthcare system, forcing emergency medical services to prioritize patients in the most proximate communities in order to maximize the number of lives saved. Through some back-of-the-envelope calculations, we estimate that Lombardy's death toll from the first Covid-19 outbreak could have been 25% lower had all municipalities had ready access to the ICU. Drawing a lesson from Lombardy's tale, governments should strengthen the emergency care response and palliate geographical inequalities to ensure that everyone in need can receive critical care on time during new outbreaks. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.27.20221085v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.27.20221085 id: cord-306210-ny3vvu9h author: Clarfield, A. Mark title: Age, ageing, ageism and “age-itation” in the Age of COVID-19: rights and obligations relating to older persons in Israel as observed through the lens of medical ethics date: 2020-11-12 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: COVID-19, the illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has reached pandemic proportions. Although the virus can cause disease in anyone, it is particularly dangerous for those with various “co-morbidities” such as heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and others. Furthermore, advancing age (from about 60 on), even in those older persons without any accompanying illnesses, is a strong and independent risk factor for pneumonia, need for an ICU bed and death from the virus. It is therefore essential to find ways to protect all at-risk persons (old or young) from the virus but at the same time not harming, more than absolutely necessary their essential freedoms as well as taking into account their social/psychological needs. Compared with other OECD countries, Israel’s population is still relatively young, with only 11.5% being over 65+ with a smaller proportion of older persons in long-term institutions than that found in most other comparable jurisdictions. These factors might explain a part of the country’s (so far) relatively low rates of serious disease and mortality compared to those seen in other developed countries. However there are still over a million older citizens at risk and the numbers of infected, hospitalized and seriously ill persons are rising once again. This is no time for complacency. An analysis of the effect of age on the disease as seen through the principles of medical ethics is followed by a proposal as to how best to balance these sometimes conflicting goals. This paper relates mainly to older persons in the community since the Ministry of Health early on in the pandemic initiated an effective program (Magen Avot) meant to protect those older persons in long-term care institutions. Recommendations include the Ministry of Health publishing clear guidelines as to risk factors and offering sensible advice on how to practice physical (not “social”) distancing without exacerbating an older person’s sense of social isolation. In order to reduce the incidence of influenza (which can clinically be confused with COVID-19) and the potentially disastrous consequences of a “double pandemic” this coming winter, a robust flu vaccination program needs immediate implementation. Persons at all ages (but especially those 60+) should be encouraged and assisted to sign advance directives, especially those who do not wish to undergo invasive therapy. An individual older person’s wish to “make way” for younger people should be respected as an expression of his/her autonomy. As we enter the second wave, triage mechanisms and protocols need to be circulated in readiness for and well before a situation in which an acute imbalance develops between the availability for acute resources and the population’s need for them. The Ministry of Health, in cooperation with other relevant ministries and NGOs, should take the lead in developing plans, ensuring that they are carried out in an orderly, timely and transparent manner. The blanket is indeed not large enough but we must place it as judiciously as possible in order as much as possible to protect, cover and keep warm the body politic. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s13584-020-00416-y. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33183358/ doi: 10.1186/s13584-020-00416-y id: cord-030927-wo8r8zny author: Collins, Curtis D title: Perspectives from the frontline: A pharmacy department’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-22 words: 4470.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030927-wo8r8zny.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030927-wo8r8zny.txt summary: Patient monitoring, interprofessional communication, and intervention documentation by pharmacy staff was facilitated through the development of a COVID-19–specific care bundle integrated into the electronic medical record. 3, 4 Many of these treatments also come with the potential for significant toxicity and a need for close monitoring, which requires the NOTE PHARMACY DEPARTMENT''S RESPONSE TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC leadership of the pharmacist as a key part of the multidisciplinary team. The primary objectives of this analysis are to describe strategies used to standardize pharmacy processes to optimize the management of patients with COVID-19 and to quantify the volume and scope of pharmacist interventions during the peak of our pandemic response. • Results of a retrospective descriptive analysis show the quantity and scope of interventions clinical pharmacists are making in the care of patients with COVID-19. The study quantified the volume and scope of interventions by clinical pharmacists in the care of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at our institution. abstract: PURPOSE: The global coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created unprecedented strains on healthcare systems around the world. Challenges surrounding an overwhelming influx of patients with COVID-19 and changes in care dynamics prompt the need for care models and processes that optimize care in this medically complex patient population. The purpose of this report is to describe our institution’s strategy to deploy pharmacy resources and standardize pharmacy processes to optimize the management of patients with COVID-19. METHODS: This retrospective, descriptive report characterizes documented pharmacy interventions in the acute care of patients admitted for COVID-19 during the period April 1 to April 15, 2020. Patient monitoring, interprofessional communication, and intervention documentation by pharmacy staff was facilitated through the development of a COVID-19–specific care bundle integrated into the electronic medical record. RESULTS: A total of 1,572 pharmacist interventions were documented in 197 patients who received a total of 15,818 medication days of therapy during the study period. The average number of interventions per patient was 8. The most common interventions were regimen simplification (15.9%), timing and dosing adjustments (15.4%), and antimicrobial therapy and COVID-19 treatment adjustments (15.2%). Patients who were admitted to an intensive care unit care at any point during their hospital stay accounted for 66.7% of all interventions documented. CONCLUSION: A pharmacy department’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic was optimized through standardized processes. Pharmacists intervened to address a wide scope of medication-related issues, likely contributing to improved management of COVID-19 patients. Results of our analysis demonstrate the vital role pharmacists play as members of multidisciplinary teams during times of crisis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7449257/ doi: 10.1093/ajhp/zxaa176 id: cord-354194-hf5ndv5f author: Cook, Mackenzie title: Prioritizing Communication in the Provision of Palliative Care for the Trauma Patient date: 2020-10-29 words: 7933.0 sentences: 359.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354194-hf5ndv5f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354194-hf5ndv5f.txt summary: Communicating clearly as part of providing high-quality palliative care in the intensive care unit (ICU) is about guiding difficult decisions, defining goals of care, explaining the impact of acute surgical problems on future quality of life, and facilitating transitions to end of life care [2, 3] . Given that the vast majority of severely injured trauma patients in the ICU have limited abilities to function as their own decision makers, this discussion will primarily focus on the interactions with family and surrogate decision makers as this is the group most in need of high-quality communication [6, 37] . The routine integration of trained palliative care subspecialists in the ICU has been associated with improved quality of life, higher rates of formal advance directives, and greater utilization of hospice service as well as less frequent use of certain non-beneficial life-prolonging treatments for critically ill patients at the end of life [49] . abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Communication skills in the ICU are an essential part of the care of trauma patients. The goal of this review is to summarize key aspects of our understanding of communication with injured patients in the ICU. RECENT FINDINGS: The need to communicate effectively and empathetically with patients and identify primary goals of care is an essential part of trauma care in the ICU. The optimal design to support complex communication in the ICU will be dependent on institutional experience and resources. The best/worst/most likely model provides a structural model for communication. SUMMARY: We have an imperative to improve the communication for all patients, not just those at the end of their life. A structured approach is important as is involving family at all stages of care. Communication skills can and should be taught to trainees. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40719-020-00201-x doi: 10.1007/s40719-020-00201-x id: cord-326708-92lsnv4g author: Craig, J. title: Estimating critical care capacity needs and gaps in Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-04 words: 3530.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326708-92lsnv4g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326708-92lsnv4g.txt summary: Comparing current national capacities to estimated needs at outbreak peak, we found that 31of 50 countries (62%) do not have a sufficient number of hospital beds per 100,000 people if 100% of patients with severe infections seek out health services and assuming that all hospital beds are empty and available for use by patients with COVID-19. Only four countries (Cabo Verde, Egypt, Gabon, and South Africa) have a sufficient number of ventilators to meet projected national needs if 100% of severely infected individuals seek health services assuming all ventilators are functioning and available for COVID-19 patients, while 35 other countries require two or more additional ventilators per 100,000 people. The average number of hospital beds needed at the peak of respective national COVID-19 outbreaks across 52 countries assuming 100% of infected patients with severe symptoms seek out health services was 131.7 beds per 100,000 people (SD: 9.2) ranging from 96.8 per 100,000 in Egypt to 137.8 beds per 100,000 in Equatorial Guinea. abstract: Objective The purpose of this analysis was to describe national critical care capacity shortages for 52 African countries and to outline needs for each country to adequately respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A modified SECIR compartment model was used to estimate the number of severe COVID-19 cases at the peak of the outbreak. Projections of the number of hospital beds, ICU beds, and ventilators needed at outbreak peak were generated for four scenarios (if 30, 50, 70, or 100% of patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms seek health services) assuming that all people with severe infections would require hospitalization, that 4.72% would require ICU admission, and that 2.3% would require mechanical ventilation. Findings Across the 52 countries included in this analysis, the average number of severe COVID-19 cases projected at outbreak peak was 138 per 100,000 (SD: 9.6). Comparing current national capacities to estimated needs at outbreak peak, we found that 31of 50 countries (62%) do not have a sufficient number of hospital beds per 100,000 people if 100% of patients with severe infections seek out health services and assuming that all hospital beds are empty and available for use by patients with COVID-19. If only 30% of patients seek out health services then 10 of 50 countries (20%) do not have sufficient hospital bed capacity. The average number of ICU beds needed at outbreak peak across the 52 included countries ranged from 2 per 100,000 people (SD: 0.1) when 30% of people with severe COVID-19 infections access health services to 6.5 per 100,000 (SD: 0.5) assuming 100% of people seek out health services. Even if only 30% of severely infected patients seek health services at outbreak peak, then 34 of 48 countries (71%) do not have a sufficient number of ICU beds per 100,000 people to handle projected need. Only four countries (Cabo Verde, Egypt, Gabon, and South Africa) have a sufficient number of ventilators to meet projected national needs if 100% of severely infected individuals seek health services assuming all ventilators are functioning and available for COVID-19 patients, while 35 other countries require two or more additional ventilators per 100,000 people. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.02.20120147 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.02.20120147 id: cord-346229-jxlrz0ce author: Craxì, Lucia title: Rationing in a Pandemic: Lessons from Italy date: 2020-06-16 words: 2410.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346229-jxlrz0ce.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346229-jxlrz0ce.txt summary: At the beginning of March 2020, the Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation, and Intensive Care (SIAARTI) issued recommendations aimed at supporting physicians in prioritizing patients when the number of critically ill patients overwhelm the capacity of ICUs. One motivating concern for the SIAARTI guidance was that, if no balanced and consistent allocation procedures were applied to prioritize patients, there would be a concrete risk for unfair choices, and that the prevalent "first come, first served" principle would lead to many avoidable deaths. As difficult allocation choices were already being made, clinicians (including one of the authors, MV) of the ethics section of the Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation, and Intensive Care (SIAARTI) were asked to publish guidance on the allocation of limited resources. Clinical ethics recommendations for the allocation of intensive care treatments in exceptional, resource-limited circumstances: The Italian perspective during the COVID-19 epidemic abstract: In late February and early March 2020, Italy became the European epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite increasingly stringent containment measures enforced by the government, the health system faced an enormous pressure, and extraordinary efforts were made in order to increase overall hospital beds’ availability and especially ICU capacity. Nevertheless, the hardest-hit hospitals in Northern Italy experienced a shortage of ICU beds and resources that led to hard allocating choices. At the beginning of March 2020, the Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation, and Intensive Care (SIAARTI) issued recommendations aimed at supporting physicians in prioritizing patients when the number of critically ill patients overwhelm the capacity of ICUs. One motivating concern for the SIAARTI guidance was that, if no balanced and consistent allocation procedures were applied to prioritize patients, there would be a concrete risk for unfair choices, and that the prevalent “first come, first served” principle would lead to many avoidable deaths. Among the drivers of decision for admission to ICUs, age, comorbidities, and preexisting functional status were included. The recommendations were criticized as ageist and potentially discriminatory against elderly patients. Looking forward to the next steps, the Italian experience can be relevant to other parts of the world that are yet to see a significant surge of COVID-19: the need for transparent triage criteria and commonly shared values give the Italian recommendations even greater legitimacy. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41649-020-00127-1 doi: 10.1007/s41649-020-00127-1 id: cord-304061-nfpzcago author: Crispi, F. title: LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AS A RISK FACTOR FOR SEVERE COVID-19 IN ADULTS date: 2020-09-15 words: 3365.0 sentences: 265.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304061-nfpzcago.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304061-nfpzcago.txt summary: Results were reproduced in an independent cohort, from a web-based survey in 1,822 subjects who self-reported laboratory-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection, where 46 patients (2.5%) needed ICU admission (AUC 0.74 [95% CI 0.68-0.81]). For studies in adults, birth weight is an accessible and robust surrogate for fetal growth restriction and preterm births, and a strong predictor of short and long-term morbidity. 24 From the above observations, we hypothesized that LBW could increase the risk of developing severe illness in non-elderly adults with COVID-19. To test this hypothesis, we designed a prospective study in confirmed COVID-19 patients (18-70 years) admitted to our institution, a public, tertiary, referral, university hospital in Spain (development dataset) and validated the model in an independent cohort of self-reported laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 subjects recruited through a web-based survey (validation dataset). Low birth weight increases the risk of severe COVID-19 in non-elderly adults. abstract: The identification of factors predisposing to severe COVID-19 in young adults remains partially characterized. Low birth weight (LBW) alters cardiovascular and lung development and predisposes to adult disease. We hypothesized that LBW is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 in non-elderly subjects. We analyzed a prospective cohort of 397 patients (18-70y) with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection attended in a tertiary hospital, where 15% required admission to Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Perinatal and current potentially predictive variables were obtained from all patients and LBW was defined as birth weight [≤]2,500 g. Age (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.04 [1-1.07], P=0.012), male sex (aOR 3.39 [1.72-6.67], P<0.001), hypertension (aOR 3.37 [1.69-6.72], P=0.001), and LBW (aOR 3.61 [1.55-8.43], P=0.003) independently predicted admission to ICU. The area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUC) of this model was 0.79 [95% CI, 0.74-0.85], with positive and negative predictive values of 29.1% and 97.6% respectively. Results were reproduced in an independent cohort, from a web-based survey in 1,822 subjects who self-reported laboratory-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection, where 46 patients (2.5%) needed ICU admission (AUC 0.74 [95% CI 0.68-0.81]). LBW seems to be an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19 in non-elderly adults and might improve the performance of risk stratification algorithms. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.14.20193920v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.14.20193920 id: cord-308188-oid3n8qf author: Cuquemelle, E. title: Can procalcitonin help identify associated bacterial infection in patients with severe influenza pneumonia? A multicentre study date: 2011-03-03 words: 2560.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308188-oid3n8qf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308188-oid3n8qf.txt summary: PURPOSE: To determine whether procalcitonin (PCT) levels could help discriminate isolated viral from mixed (bacterial and viral) pneumonia in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) during the A/H1N1v2009 influenza pandemic. Abstract Purpose: To determine whether procalcitonin (PCT) levels could help discriminate isolated viral from mixed (bacterial and viral) pneumonia in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) during the A/H1N1v2009 influenza pandemic. This study aimed to examine whether PCT levels may help discriminate between viral from mixed (bacterial and viral) pneumonia among patients presenting to the ICU with severe community-acquired pneumonia during the H1N1v2009 influenza pandemic. Of the 52 patients having PCT levels measured on admission, 19 (36.5%) had a documented bacterial co-infection associated with influenza A/H1N1v2009 infection, mostly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (52%) or Staphylococcus aureus (35%). Measurements of PCT levels at admission can help discriminate patients having bacterial co-infection from those with isolated viral pneumonia. abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether procalcitonin (PCT) levels could help discriminate isolated viral from mixed (bacterial and viral) pneumonia in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) during the A/H1N1v2009 influenza pandemic. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was performed in 23 French ICUs during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Levels of PCT at admission were compared between patients with confirmed influenzae A pneumonia associated or not associated with a bacterial co-infection. RESULTS: Of 103 patients with confirmed A/H1N1 infection and not having received prior antibiotics, 48 (46.6%; 95% CI 37–56%) had a documented bacterial co-infection, mostly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (54%) or Staphylococcus aureus (31%). Fifty-two patients had PCT measured on admission, including 19 (37%) having bacterial co-infection. Median (range 25–75%) values of PCT were significantly higher in patients with bacterial co-infection: 29.5 (3.9–45.3) versus 0.5 (0.12–2) μg/l (P < 0.01). For a cut-off of 0.8 μg/l or more, the sensitivity and specificity of PCT for distinguishing isolated viral from mixed pneumonia were 91 and 68%, respectively. Alveolar condensation combined with a PCT level of 0.8 μg/l or more was strongly associated with bacterial co-infection (OR 12.9, 95% CI 3.2–51.5; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: PCT may help discriminate viral from mixed pneumonia during the influenza season. Levels of PCT less than 0.8 μg/l combined with clinical judgment suggest that bacterial infection is unlikely. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-011-2189-1 doi: 10.1007/s00134-011-2189-1 id: cord-026392-cvb44v5v author: Dahlberg, Jørgen title: Barriers and challenges in the process of including critically ill patients in clinical studies date: 2020-06-08 words: 4780.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-026392-cvb44v5v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-026392-cvb44v5v.txt summary: RESULTS: Among 279 eligible critically ill patients, 204 (73%) were omitted from the study due to challenges and barriers in the inclusion process. Previous studies have identified obstacles when performing research in critically ill patients at intensive care units (ICU) related to challenges in the recruitment process [1] [2] [3] [4] . The legislation and clinical practice vary across the world, and a prior PubMed search did not disclose any resent Scandinavian research covering the overall barriers and challenges in the process of including critically ill patients in clinical studies. The purpose of this study was to identify practical, medical, legal or ethical barriers and challenges in the process of including critically ill patients in the Norwegian Intensive Care Unit Dalteparin Effect (NORIDES) study. The study revealed that most critically ill patients at ICU were unable to provide written, informed consent for study participation. abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical research in severely ill or injured patients is required to improve healthcare but may be challenging to perform in practice. The aim of this study was to analyse barriers and challenges in the process of including critically ill patients in clinical studies. METHODS: Data from critically ill patients considered for inclusion in an observational study of venous thromboembolism in Norway were analysed. This included quantitative and qualitative information from the screening log, consent forms and research notes. RESULTS: Among 279 eligible critically ill patients, 204 (73%) were omitted from the study due to challenges and barriers in the inclusion process. Reasons for omission were categorised as practical in 133 (65%), medical in 31 (15%), and legal or ethical in 40 (20%) of the patients. Among 70 included patients, 29 (41%) consents were from patients and 41 (59%) from their next of kin. Several challenges were described herein; these included whether patients were competent to give consent, and which next of kin that should represent the patient. Furthermore, some included patients were unable to recall what they have consented, and some appeared unable to separate research from treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Barriers and challenges in the inclusion process led to the omission of near three out of four eligible patients. This analysis provided information about where the problem resides and may be solved. The majority of challenges among included patients were related to issues of autonomy and validity of consent. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03405766). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7276963/ doi: 10.1186/s13049-020-00732-x id: cord-302571-vb9ks4mq author: Damiani, Giovanni title: Biologics increase the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and hospitalization, but not ICU admission and death: Real‐life data from a large cohort during red‐zone declaration date: 2020-05-19 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: During COVID‐19 outbreak there are discordant opinions toward the impact on biologics in psoriatic (PsO) patients. Thus we performed a single‐center case‐control study in Lombardia, the Italian region with the higher number of COVID‐19 confirmed cases. We enrolled 1193 PsO patients treated with biologics and small molecules and we used the entire Lombardia population as controls. Notably, 17 PsO patients COVID‐19 confirmed were quarantined at home and five hospitalized, no PsO patients were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) or died. With respect to the general population of Lombardy, patients on biologics were at higher risk to test positive for COVID‐19 (odds ratio [OR] 3.43 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.25‐5.73], P < .0001), to be self‐quarantined at home (OR 9.05 [95% CI 5.61‐14.61], P < .0001) and hospitalized (OR 3.59 [95% CI 1.49‐8.63], P = .0044), however, not increased risk of ICU admission or death were found. PsO patients on biologics should be carefully monitored with telemedicine during COVID‐19 outbreak and early treated at home to limit hospital overwhelm. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32356577/ doi: 10.1111/dth.13475 id: cord-016109-vbzy11hc author: Damjanovic, V. title: Outbreaks of Infection in the ICU: What’s up at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century? date: 2011-08-10 words: 5492.0 sentences: 287.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-016109-vbzy11hc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-016109-vbzy11hc.txt summary: We used the same framework as in the second edition of this book; however, outbreaks were not presented separately per ICU type but according to causative organisms, in the following order: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), aerobic Gramnegative bacilli (AGNB), Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp. A paper from Italy published in 2002 reported a unique experience of controlling a MRSA outbreak of 8 months'' duration in a medical/surgical AICU in 1998 using enterally administered vancomycin in mechanically ventilated patients [5] . In 2005, a report from Italy described an outbreak of VRE colonisation and infection in an ICU that lasted 16 months (2001-2002) [12] . A report from The Netherlands published in 2001 described an outbreak of infections with a multi-drug-resistant Klebsiella strain [19] associated with contaminated roll boards in operating rooms. abstract: Surveillance cultures are the only cultures that allow the distinction between secondary endogenous and exogenous infections. These types of infection are the two known to cause outbreaks. Secondary endogenous infections can be controlled by enterally administered antimicrobials and should be integrated into the routine infection control measures. Exogenous infections can be controlled by topically applied antimicrobials and hygiene. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120292/ doi: 10.1007/978-88-470-1601-9_12 id: cord-004168-rqd9b13s author: Daneman, Nick title: A pilot randomized controlled trial of 7 versus 14 days of antibiotic treatment for bloodstream infection on non-intensive care versus intensive care wards date: 2020-01-15 words: 4760.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004168-rqd9b13s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004168-rqd9b13s.txt summary: The Bacteremia Antibiotic Length Actually Needed for Clinical Effectiveness (BALANCE) pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT) determined that it was feasible to enroll and randomize intensive care unit (ICU) patients with bloodstream infection to 7 versus 14 days of treatment, and served as the vanguard for the ongoing BALANCE main RCT. METHODS: We conducted an open pilot RCT among a subset of six sites participating in the ongoing BALANCE RCT, randomizing patients with positive non-Staphylococcus aureus blood cultures on non-ICU wards to 7 versus 14 days of antibiotic treatment. Conclusion: It is feasible to enroll non-ICU patients in a trial of 7 versus 14 days of antibiotics for bloodstream infection, and expanding the BALANCE RCT hospital-wide has the potential to improve the timeliness and generalizability of trial results. Conclusion: It is feasible to enroll non-ICU patients in a trial of 7 versus 14 days of antibiotics for bloodstream infection, and expanding the BALANCE RCT hospital-wide has the potential to improve the timeliness and generalizability of trial results. abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal treatment duration for patients with bloodstream infection is understudied. The Bacteremia Antibiotic Length Actually Needed for Clinical Effectiveness (BALANCE) pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT) determined that it was feasible to enroll and randomize intensive care unit (ICU) patients with bloodstream infection to 7 versus 14 days of treatment, and served as the vanguard for the ongoing BALANCE main RCT. We performed this BALANCE-Ward pilot RCT to examine the feasibility and impact of potentially extending the BALANCE main RCT to include patients hospitalized on non-ICU wards. METHODS: We conducted an open pilot RCT among a subset of six sites participating in the ongoing BALANCE RCT, randomizing patients with positive non-Staphylococcus aureus blood cultures on non-ICU wards to 7 versus 14 days of antibiotic treatment. The co-primary feasibility outcomes were recruitment rate and adherence to treatment duration protocol. We compared feasibility outcomes, patient/pathogen characteristics, and overall outcomes among those enrolled in this BALANCE-Ward and prior BALANCE-ICU pilot RCTs. We estimated the sample size and non-inferiority margin impacts of expanding the BALANCE main RCT to include non-ICU patients. RESULTS: A total of 134 patients were recruited over 47 site-months (mean 2.9 patients/site-month, median 1.0, range 0.1–4.4 patients/site-month). The overall recruitment rate exceeded the BALANCE-ICU pilot RCT (mean 1.10 patients/site-month, p < 0.0001). Overall protocol adherence also exceeded the adherence in the BALANCE-ICU pilot RCT (125/134, 93% vs 89/115, 77%, p = 0.0003). BALANCE-Ward patients were older, with lower Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores, and higher proportions of infections caused by Escherichia coli and genito-urinary sources of bloodstream infection. The BALANCE-Ward pilot RCT patients had an overall 90-day mortality rate of 17/133 (12.8%), which was comparable to the 90-day mortality rate in the ICU pilot RCT (17/115, 14.8%) (p = 0.65). Simulation models indicated there would be minimal sample size and non-inferiority margin implications of expanding enrolment to increasing proportions of non-ICU versus ICU patients. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to enroll non-ICU patients in a trial of 7 versus 14 days of antibiotics for bloodstream infection, and expanding the BALANCE RCT hospital-wide has the potential to improve the timeliness and generalizability of trial results. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02917551. Registered on September 28, 2016. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6964073/ doi: 10.1186/s13063-019-4033-9 id: cord-013443-x74uxdi4 author: Daniel, Dennis A. title: Pediatric Resident Engagement With an Online Critical Care Curriculum During the Intensive Care Rotation* date: 2020-06-25 words: 3156.0 sentences: 143.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-013443-x74uxdi4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-013443-x74uxdi4.txt summary: DESIGN: Prospective cohort study examining curriculum completion data and cross-referencing timestamps for preand posttest attempts with resident schedules to determine the hours that they accessed the curriculum and whether or not they were scheduled for clinical duty. For our ICU residents, we designed curricula that included short videos with pre-and posttests and hypothesized that residents would use these materials most frequently during breaks in patient care while on clinical duty. We collected curriculum completion data for each resident and timestamps for every pre-and the first posttest attempt that occurred during the ICU rotation and in the 14 days preceding. Our data show that residents will engage with online learning materials during and immediately prior to their ICU rotation but do so most often at nighttime and when off-duty, with a portion of use occurring during midnight and 6 am while offduty. abstract: Residents are often assigned online learning materials as part of blended learning models, superimposed on other patient care and learning demands. Data that describe the time patterns of when residents interact with online learning materials during the ICU rotation are lacking. We describe resident engagement with assigned online curricula related to time of day and ICU clinical schedules, using website activity data. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study examining curriculum completion data and cross-referencing timestamps for pre- and posttest attempts with resident schedules to determine the hours that they accessed the curriculum and whether or not they were scheduled for clinical duty. Residents at each site were cohorted based on two differing clinical schedules—extended duration (>24 hr) versus shorter (maximum 16 hr) shifts. SETTING: Two large academic children’s hospitals. SUBJECTS: Pediatric residents rotating in the PICU from July 2013 to June 2017. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: One-hundred and fifty-seven pediatric residents participated in the study. The majority of residents (106/157; 68%) completed the curriculum, with no statistically significant association between overall curriculum completion and schedule cohort at either site. Residents made more test attempts at nighttime between 6 pm and 6 am (1,824/2,828; 64%) regardless of whether they were scheduled for clinical duty. Approximately two thirds of test attempts (1,785/2,828; 63%) occurred when residents were not scheduled to work, regardless of time of day. Forty-two percent of all test attempts (1,199/2,828) occurred between 6 pm and 6 am while off-duty, with 12% (342/2,828) occurring between midnight and 6 am. CONCLUSIONS: Residents rotating in the ICU completed online learning materials mainly during nighttime and off-duty hours, including usage between midnight and 6 am while off-duty. Increasing nighttime and off-duty workload may have implications for educational design and trainee wellness, particularly during busy, acute clinical rotations, and warrants further examination. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7597756/ doi: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002477 id: cord-280942-ej8fx52u author: Daunizeau, J. title: On the reliability of model-based predictions in the context of the current COVID epidemic event: impact of outbreak peak phase and data paucity date: 2020-04-29 words: 5643.0 sentences: 294.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280942-ej8fx52u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280942-ej8fx52u.txt summary: title: On the reliability of model-based predictions in the context of the current COVID epidemic event: impact of outbreak peak phase and data paucity In particular, we evaluate the prediction accuracy of a recent SIR-type model that follows from augmenting the set of data to be explained (in particular, we focus on ICU occupancy and negative testing rates 3 , in addition to positive test results and death rates records), depending on whether the outbreak has already been observed or not. This effectively reduces the available data to the death and positive test counts, on which most model predictions rely, including outcomes of interest that are only indirectly informed by these data (e.g., acquired population immunity at the end of the current epidemic outbreak). In addition, we have shown that data paucity (in particular, ignoring ICU occupancy and negative test rates) can accentuate these prediction errors, even when the outbreak peak has already been observed. abstract: The pandemic spread of the COVID-19 virus has, as of 20th of April 2020, reached most countries of the world. In an effort to design informed public health policies, many modelling studies have been performed to predict crucial outcomes of interest, including ICU solicitation, cumulated death counts, etc... The corresponding data analyses however, mostly rely on restricted (openly available) data sources, which typically include daily death rates and confirmed COVID cases time series. In addition, many of these predictions are derived before the peak of the outbreak has been observed yet (as is still currently the case for many countries). In this work, we show that peak phase and data paucity have a substantial impact on the reliability of model predictions. Although we focus on a recent model of the COVID pandemics, our conclusions most likely apply to most existing models, which are variants of the so-called 'Susceptible-Infected-Removed' or SIR framework. Our results highlight the need for performing systematic reliability evaluations for all models that currently inform public health policies. They also motivate a plea for gathering and opening richer and more reliable data time series (e.g., ICU occupancy, negative test rates, social distancing commitment reports, etc). url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.24.20078485 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.24.20078485 id: cord-315864-zadogqiu author: Davido, Benjamin title: nImpact of medical care including anti-infective agents use on the prognosis of COVID-19 hospitalized patients over time date: 2020-08-02 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: INTRODUCTION: Interest of anti-infective agents in COVD-19 showed discrepant results. However, there is no evaluation about the impact in changes of practices on the prognosis over time. METHODS: Single center, retrospective study, conducted from March 5(th) to April 25(th) 2020, in adults hospitalized in a medicine ward for a COVID-19. Patient characteristics were compared between 2 periods (before/after March 19(th)) considering French guidelines issued by learned societies. Aim of the study was to evaluate how medical care impacted unfavorable outcome, namely admission in intensive care unit (ICU) and/or death. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-two patients were admitted, mean age was 59.0 ± 16.3 years, mean CRP level was 84.0±71.1 mg/L, 46% had a lymphocyte count<1000/mm(3). When prescribed, anti-infective agents were lopinavir-ritonavir (n=12), azithromycin (AZI) (n=28) and AZI combined with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) (n=52). Between the 2 periods we noted a significant decrease of ICU admission, from 43% to 12% (p<0.0001). Delays until transfer in ICU were similar between periods (p=0.86). Pulmonary CT-scan were significantly more performed (from 50% to 90%, p<0.0001), as oxygen-dependency (53% vs 80%, p=0.001) and prescription of AZI±HCQ (from 25% to 76%, p<0.0001) were greater over time. Multivariate analyses showed a reduction of unfavorable outcome in patients receiving AZI±HCQ (HR=0.45, 95%IC [0.21-0.97], p=0.04), especially among an identified category of individuals (lymphocyte≥1000/mm(3) or CRP≥100 mg/L). CONCLUSION: The present study revealed a significant decrease of admission in ICU over time probably related to multiple factors, including a better indication of pulmonary CT-scan, of oxygen therapy, and a suitable prescription of anti-infective agents. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106129 doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106129 id: cord-254688-1poiheen author: De Brouwer, E. title: Can herd immunity be achieved without breaking ICUs? date: 2020-05-27 words: 2574.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254688-1poiheen.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254688-1poiheen.txt summary: A key aspect of the current COVID-19 pandemic has been the rapid overload of Intensive Care Units (ICUs) in countries and regions where the epidemic was not quickly controlled [1, 2] because many patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and need respiratory support [1] . Assuming R 0 between 2 and 3, a COVID ICU capacity between 15 and 30 beds per 100,000 inhabitants (or between 49,000 and 98,000 beds), an average ICU stay duration between 10 and 15 days, and a percentage of ICU admission following SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population between 0.7% and 1.5%, we obtain a time to herd immunity ranging between 5 and 18 months. By contrast, taking the case of the United Kingdom with a baseline capacity of 6.6 beds per 100,000 inhabitants, assuming a long-term COVID ICU bed capacity between 5 and 10 beds per 100,000 inhabitants, and keeping all the other parameters the same as for the US scenarios, the range for the time to immunity would be between 16 and 55 months. abstract: The current COVID-19 pandemic led to the rapid overload of Intensive Care Units (ICUs) in countries where the outbreaks was not quickly controlled. The containment measures put in place to control the outbreaks had a huge social and economic impacts, and countries are looking for strategies to relax these measures while maintaining the R_0 close or below 1, in an attempt to safely reach herd immunity. In this paper we analyse the feasibility of reaching herd immunity without saturating ICUs across countries. We provide an online tool, available at www.about-the-curve.net that simulates the time required for such a scenario with a SIR model. For United States, we find that a minimum of 5 months would be required, 22 months for UK, 1 year for Italy and 9 months for Belgium. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.26.20113746 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.26.20113746 id: cord-303292-iheq50ub author: De Jong, Audrey title: How to ventilate obese patients in the ICU date: 2020-10-23 words: 7496.0 sentences: 355.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303292-iheq50ub.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303292-iheq50ub.txt summary: Regarding mechanical ventilation in patients with and without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), low tidal volume (6 ml/kg of predicted body weight) and moderate to high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), with careful recruitment maneuver in selected patients, are advised. During invasive mechanical ventilation, patients with obesity are more prone to lung collapse and require higher PEEP to avoid it; low V T is calculated on predicted body weight. In a randomized controlled trial of the same team comparing HFNC to standard oxygen [87] in high-risk non-hypercapnic patients including 22% of patients with obesity, the study was stopped due to low recruitment after 155 patients, without any difference in extubation failure rate found between the two groups. PBW predicted body weight, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, CPAP continuous positive airway pressure, NIV noninvasive ventilation, HFNC high-flow nasal cannula oxygen patients. abstract: Obesity is an important risk factor for major complications, morbidity and mortality related to intubation procedures and ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU). The fall in functional residual capacity promotes airway closure and atelectasis formation. This narrative review presents the impact of obesity on the respiratory system and the key points to optimize airway management, noninvasive and invasive mechanical ventilation in ICU patients with obesity. Non-invasive strategies should first optimize body position with reverse Trendelenburg position or sitting position. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is considered as the first-line therapy in patients with obesity having a postoperative acute respiratory failure. Positive pressure pre-oxygenation before the intubation procedure is the method of reference. The use of videolaryngoscopy has to be considered by adequately trained intensivists, especially in patients with several risk factors. Regarding mechanical ventilation in patients with and without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), low tidal volume (6 ml/kg of predicted body weight) and moderate to high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), with careful recruitment maneuver in selected patients, are advised. Prone positioning is a therapeutic choice in severe ARDS patients with obesity. Prophylactic NIV should be considered after extubation to prevent re-intubation. If obesity increases mortality and risk of ICU admission in the overall population, the impact of obesity on ICU mortality is less clear and several confounding factors have to be taken into account regarding the “obesity ICU paradox”. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00134-020-06286-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33095284/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-06286-x id: cord-005600-gsbbjb5y author: De Jonghe, B. title: Acquired neuromuscular disorders in critically ill patients: a systematic review date: 1998 words: 3830.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005600-gsbbjb5y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005600-gsbbjb5y.txt summary: Two studies showed a clinically important increase (5 and 9 days, respectively) in duration of mechanical ventilation and a mortality twice as high in patients with critical illness neuromuscular abnormalities, compared to those without. Two studies showed a clinically important increase (5 and 9 days, respectively) in duration of mechanical ventilation and a mortality twice as high in patients with critical illness neuromuscular abnormalities, compared to those without. Conclusions: Prospective studies of ICU-acquired neuromuscular abnormalities include a small number of patients with various electrophysiologic findings but insufficiently reported clinical correlations. Conclusions: Prospective studies of ICU-acquired neuromuscular abnormalities include a small number of patients with various electrophysiologic findings but insufficiently reported clinical correlations. C.) independently: studies had to enroll critically ill adult patients presenting acquired peripheral nervous system and/or muscular and/or neuromuscular transmission abnormalities, described clinically and/or electrphysiologically and/or histologically, involving limbs and/or respiratory muscle, in prospective cohort studies. abstract: Objective: To summarize the prospective clinical studies of neuromuscular abnormalities in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Study identification and selection: Studies were identified through MEDLINE, EMBASE, references in primary and review articles, personal files, and contact with authors. Through duplicate independent review, we selected prospective cohort studies evaluating ICU-acquired neuromuscular disorders. Data abstraction: In duplicate, independently, we abstracted key data regarding design features, the population, clinical and laboratory diagnostic tests, and clinical outcomes. Results: We identified eight studies that enrolled 242 patients. Inception cohorts varied; some were mechanically ventilated patients for ≥ 5 days, others were based on a diagnosis of sepsis, organ failure, or severe asthma while others were selected on the basis of exposure to muscle relaxants, or because of participation in muscle biochemistry studies. Weakness was systematically assessed in two of the eight studies, concerning patients with severe asthma, with a reported frequency of 36 and 70 %, respectively. Electrophysiologic and histologic abnormalities consisted of both peripheral nerve and muscle involvement and were frequently reported, even in non-selected ICU patients. In a population of patients mechanically ventilated for more than 5 days, electrophysiologic abnormalities were reported in 76 % of cases. Two studies showed a clinically important increase (5 and 9 days, respectively) in duration of mechanical ventilation and a mortality twice as high in patients with critical illness neuromuscular abnormalities, compared to those without. Conclusions: Prospective studies of ICU-acquired neuromuscular abnormalities include a small number of patients with various electrophysiologic findings but insufficiently reported clinical correlations. Evaluation of risk factors for these disorders and studies examining their contribution to weaning difficulties and long-term disability are needed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7094970/ doi: 10.1007/s001340050757 id: cord-272349-cqzfjg5t author: De Lorenzo, Antonino title: Fat mass affects nutritional status of ICU COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-03 words: 3720.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272349-cqzfjg5t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272349-cqzfjg5t.txt summary: METHODS: Prospective observational study of 22 adult patients, affected by COVID-19 pneumonia and admitted to the ICU and classified in two sets: (10) lean and (12) obese, according to FM% and age (De Lorenzo classification). Obesity, measured as body mass index (BMI), is reported to associate with increase the risk of developing severe pneumonia in COVID-19 [1] . Indeed, the risk correlated to obesity with COVID-19 severity is greater in metabolic associated fatty liver patients [2] . Aim of this prospective observational study, in patients admitted to ICU for COVID-19, is to evaluate the relationship between FM% and immune-inflammatory response, after 10 days in ICU. Rather than considering only the BMI, patients recruited in this study were categorized in two sets: "lean" or "obese" according to FM% and age, based on criteria presented by De Lorenzo [15] . Obesity as a risk factor for greater severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity and steatosis are associated with COVID-19 severe pneumonia. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced immune response are typical of these patients. In particular, adipose tissue is the organ playing the crucial role. So, it is necessary to evaluate fat mass and not simpler body mass index (BMI), because BMI leaves a portion of the obese population unrecognized. The aim is to evaluate the relationship between Percentage of Fat Mass (FM%) and immune-inflammatory response, after 10 days in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). METHODS: Prospective observational study of 22 adult patients, affected by COVID-19 pneumonia and admitted to the ICU and classified in two sets: (10) lean and (12) obese, according to FM% and age (De Lorenzo classification). Patients were analyzed at admission in ICU and at 10th day. RESULTS: Obese have steatosis, impaired hepatic function, compromise immune response and higher inflammation. In addition, they have a reduced prognostic nutritional index (PNI), nutritional survival index for ICU patients. CONCLUSION: This is the first study evaluating FM% in COVID-19 patient. We underlined obese characteristic with likely poorly prognosis and an important misclassification of obesity. A not negligible number of patients with normal BMI could actually have an excess of adipose tissue and therefore have an unfavorable outcome such as an obese. Is fundamental personalized patients nutrition basing on disease phases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32746930/ doi: 10.1186/s12967-020-02464-z id: cord-011359-3lcjw873 author: De Waele, Jan J. title: Antimicrobial de-escalation as part of antimicrobial stewardship in intensive care: no simple answers to simple questions—a viewpoint of experts date: 2020-02-05 words: 4816.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 29.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011359-3lcjw873.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011359-3lcjw873.txt summary: It is most commonly recommended in the intensive care unit (ICU) patient who is treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics as a strategy to reduce antimicrobial pressure of empirical broad-spectrum therapy and prevent antimicrobial resistance, yet this has not been convincingly demonstrated in a clinical setting. In this manuscript, we aim to highlight recent insights into ADE, its value in ASPs and the practical application as well as discuss the controversies and Fig. 1 Schematic overview of the timeline of antimicrobial therapy including antimicrobial de-escalation, with the pivotal and companion antimicrobial components of the empirical regimen and most common changes within a short antibiotic course for critically ill patients with an infection. For example, when empirical treatment with meropenem is switched to levofloxacin, this may be considered as narrowing of the spectrum, but that patient is exposed to two courses of short duration antimicrobial therapy with a different -and potentially-cumulative damaging effect on the microbiome. abstract: Antimicrobial de-escalation (ADE) is defined as the discontinuation of one or more components of combination empirical therapy, and/or the change from a broad-spectrum to a narrower spectrum antimicrobial. It is most commonly recommended in the intensive care unit (ICU) patient who is treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics as a strategy to reduce antimicrobial pressure of empirical broad-spectrum therapy and prevent antimicrobial resistance, yet this has not been convincingly demonstrated in a clinical setting. Even if it appears beneficial, ADE may have some unwanted side effects: it has been associated with prolongation of antimicrobial therapy and could inappropriately be used as a justification for unrestricted broadness of empirical therapy. Also, exposing a patient to multiple, sequential antimicrobials could have unwanted effects on the microbiome. For these reasons, ADE has important shortcomings to be promoted as a quality indicator for appropriate antimicrobial use in the ICU. Despite this, ADE clearly has a role in the management of infections in the ICU. The most appropriate use of ADE is in patients with microbiologically confirmed infections requiring longer antimicrobial therapy. ADE should be used as an integral part of an ICU antimicrobial stewardship approach in which it is guided by optimal specimen quality and relevance. Rapid diagnostics may further assist in avoiding unnecessary initiation of broad-spectrum therapy, which in turn will decrease the need for subsequent ADE. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7224113/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-019-05871-z id: cord-011314-at65nvda author: De Weerdt, Annick title: Pre-admission air pollution exposure prolongs the duration of ventilation in intensive care patients date: 2020-03-17 words: 4059.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011314-at65nvda.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011314-at65nvda.txt summary: For each patient''s home address, daily air pollutant exposure [particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM(2.5)) and ≤ 10 µm (PM(10)), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and black carbon (BC)] up to 10 days prior to hospital admission was modeled using a high-resolution spatial–temporal model. In analogy with the recent finding that patient preadmission medical and sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., medication use, immune status, frailty) can influence the course and outcome and even the degree of respiratory failure during intensive care unit (ICU) admission [8] [9] [10] , we investigated the association between short-term exposure to residential ambient air pollution and the duration of mechanical ventilation in ICU patients. Short-term ambient particulate and gaseous air pollution exposure prior to ICU admission significantly prolongs the duration of mechanical ventilation irrespective of preexisting lung disease or ICU admission diagnosis. abstract: PURPOSE: Air pollutant exposure constitutes a serious risk factor for the emergence or aggravation of (existing) pulmonary disease. The impact of pre-intensive care ambient air pollutant exposure on the duration of artificial ventilation was, however, not yet established. METHODS: The medical records of 2003 patients, admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Antwerp University Hospital (Flanders, Belgium), who were artificially ventilated on ICU admission or within 48 h after admission, for the duration of at least 48 h, were analyzed. For each patient’s home address, daily air pollutant exposure [particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM(2.5)) and ≤ 10 µm (PM(10)), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and black carbon (BC)] up to 10 days prior to hospital admission was modeled using a high-resolution spatial–temporal model. The association between duration of artificial ventilation and air pollution exposure during the last 10 days before ICU admission was assessed using distributed lag models with a negative binomial regression fit. RESULTS: Controlling for pre-specified confounders, an IQR increment in BC (1.2 µg/m(3)) up to 10 days before admission was associated with an estimated cumulative increase of 12.4% in ventilation duration (95% CI 4.7–20.7). Significant associations were also observed for PM(2.5), PM(10) and NO(2), with cumulative estimates ranging from 7.8 to 8.0%. CONCLUSION: Short-term ambient air pollution exposure prior to ICU admission represents an unrecognized environmental risk factor for the duration of artificial ventilation in the ICU. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00134-020-05999-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7224020/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-05999-3 id: cord-276374-i37ygb2z author: Deasy, Jacob title: Forecasting ultra-early intensive care strain from COVID-19 in England date: 2020-03-23 words: 2980.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276374-i37ygb2z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276374-i37ygb2z.txt summary: Here we present an attempt at an agile short-range forecast based on published real-time COVID-19 case data from the seven National Health Service commissioning regions in England (East of England, London, Midlands, North East and Yorkshire, North West, South East and South West). In this paper we use published COVID-19 diagnosis data for England to generate the earliest possible estimates of additional ICU demand due to infections in the coming days, based on cautious epidemiological data from the literature and under the assumption that the current increase in cases represents the exponential phase of an outbreak rather than a change in ascertainment. 19.20039057 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 4: Projected regional COVID-19 ICU occupancy as a percentage of regional capacity in the seven National Health Service commissioning regions in England. Our data suggests that traditional ICU capacity could be rapidly consumed over a period of approximately 14 days from the time of modelling/writing, such figures hide substantial regional heterogeneity, with London and the Midlands demonstrating the most rapid growth. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented strain on intensive care unit (ICU) admission in parts of the world. Strategies to create surge ICU capacity requires complex local and national service reconfiguration and reduction or cancellation of elective activity. Theses measures require time to implement and have an inevitable lag before additional capacity comes on-line. An accurate short-range forecast would be helpful in guiding such difficult, costly and ethically challenging decisions. At the time this work began, cases in England were starting to increase. Here we present an attempt at an agile short-range forecast based on published real-time COVID-19 case data from the seven National Health Service commissioning regions in England (East of England, London, Midlands, North East and Yorkshire, North West, South East and South West). We use a Monte Carlo approach to model the likely impact of current diagnoses on regional ICU capacity over a 14 day horizon. Our model is designed to be parsimonious and based on plausible epidemiological data from the literature available. On the basis of the modelling assumptions made, ICU occupancy is likely to increase dramatically in the the days following the time of modelling. If the current exponential growth continues, 5 out of 7 commissioning regions will have more critically ill COVID-19 patients than there are ICU beds within two weekstodo{last thing to do}. Despite variable growth in absolute patients, all commissioning regions are forecast to be heavily burdened under the assumptions used. Whilst, like any forecast model, there remain uncertainties both in terms of model specification and robust epidemiological data in this early prospective phase, it would seem that surge capacity will be required in the very near future. We hope that our model will help policy decision makers with their preparations. The uncertainties in the data highlight the urgent need for ongoing real-time surveillance to allow forecasts to be constantly updated using high quality local patient-facing data as it emerges. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.19.20039057 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.19.20039057 id: cord-012560-p5s0p7fd author: Decavèle, Maxens title: One-year survival of patients with high-grade glioma discharged alive from the intensive care unit date: 2020-08-29 words: 3703.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-012560-p5s0p7fd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-012560-p5s0p7fd.txt summary: We sought to quantify 1-year mortality and evaluate the association between mortality and (1) functional status, and (2) management of anticancer therapy in patients with high-grade glioma discharged alive from the intensive care unit. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, two factors were independently associated with lower mortality 1 year after ICU admission: continuation of anticancer therapy after ICU discharge (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.03-0.75, p = 0.028), and Karnofsky performance status at ICU admission (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.85-0.95, p < 0.001). The main results of the study can be summarized as follows: in HGG patients discharged alive after an unplanned medical ICU stay (1), we observed a substantial proportion of survivors 1 year after ICU admission (more than one quarter of patients) and most of these patients exhibited relatively favorable performance status even 1 year after ICU admission, (2) continuation of anticancer therapy was possible in almost 50% of patients and was strongly associated with cancer progression and use of corticosteroids at admission, and (3) continuation of anticancer therapy and Karnofsky performance status at admission were associated with higher 1-year survival rates. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Only limited data are available regarding the long-term prognosis of patients with high-grade glioma discharged alive from the intensive care unit. We sought to quantify 1-year mortality and evaluate the association between mortality and (1) functional status, and (2) management of anticancer therapy in patients with high-grade glioma discharged alive from the intensive care unit. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective observational cohort study of patients with high-grade glioma admitted to two intensive care units between January 2009 and June 2018. Functional status was assessed by the Karnofsky Performance Status. Anticancer therapy after discharge was classified as (1) continued (unchanged), (2) modified (changed or stopped), or (3) initiated (for newly diagnosed disease). RESULTS: Ninety-one high-grade glioma patients (73% of whom had glioblastoma) were included and 78 (86%) of these patients were discharged alive from the intensive care unit. Anticancer therapy was continued, modified, and initiated in 41%, 42%, and 17% of patients, respectively. Corticosteroid therapy at the time of ICU admission [odds ratio (OR) 0.07] and cancer progression (OR 0.09) was independently associated with continuation of anticancer therapy. The mortality rate 1 year after ICU admission was 73%. On multivariate analysis, continuation of anticancer therapy (OR 0.18) and Karnofsky performance status on admission (OR 0.90) were independently associated with lower 1-year mortality. CONCLUSION: The presence of high-grade glioma is not sufficient to justify refusal of intensive care unit admission. Performance status and continuation of anticancer therapy are associated with higher survival after intensive care unit discharge. PREVIOUS PRESENTATION: Preliminary results were presented at the most recent congress of the French Intensive Care Society, Paris, 2019. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00415-020-10191-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7456207/ doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10191-0 id: cord-010813-94v8zchf author: Deemer, Kirsten title: Effect of early cognitive interventions on delirium in critically ill patients: a systematic review date: 2020-04-24 words: 6194.0 sentences: 423.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-010813-94v8zchf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010813-94v8zchf.txt summary: PURPOSE: A systematic review of the literature was conducted to determine the effects of early cognitive interventions on delirium outcomes in critically ill patients. [23] [24] [25] This systematic review will focus on the elements of early cognitive interventions and their effects on delirium outcomes such as incidence, duration, and severity in critically ill patients. 27 Data extraction Data extraction was conducted independently and in duplicate by two reviewers (K.D. and K.Z.) using a data extraction table that included study methodology, population, objectives, country of origin, specific cognitive interventions conducted, the healthcare professionals conducting interventions, outcomes measured (e.g., delirium incidence, severity and duration), study limitations, and key findings. 30 conducted an RCT of 140 elderly ICU patients and reported a reduced delirium incidence (20% in the control group vs 3% in experimental group) after implementation of an occupational therapy led cognitive intervention protocol that included stimulation, rehabilitation, and training exercises (P = 0.001). abstract: PURPOSE: A systematic review of the literature was conducted to determine the effects of early cognitive interventions on delirium outcomes in critically ill patients. SOURCE: Search strategies were developed for MEDLINE, EMBASE, Joanna Briggs Institute, Cochrane, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. Eligible studies described the application of early cognitive interventions for delirium prevention or treatment within any intensive care setting. Study designs included randomized-controlled trials, quasi-experimental trials, and pre/post interventional trials. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias using Cochrane methodology. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Four hundred and four citations were found. Seven full-text articles were included in the final review. Six of the included studies had an overall serious, high, or critical risk of bias. After application of cognitive intervention protocols, a significant reduction in delirium incidence, duration, occurrence, and development was found in four studies. Feasibility of cognitive interventions was measured in three studies. Cognitive stimulation techniques were described in the majority of studies. CONCLUSION: The study of early cognitive interventions in critically ill patients was identified in a small number of studies with limited sample sizes. An overall high risk of bias and variability within protocols limit the utility of the findings for widespread practice implications. This review may help to promote future large, multi-centre trials studying the addition of cognitive interventions to current delirium prevention practices. The need for robust data is essential to support the implementation of early cognitive interventions protocols. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7222136/ doi: 10.1007/s12630-020-01670-z id: cord-006714-q7wy76e2 author: Delannoy, P.-Y. title: Impact of combination therapy with aminoglycosides on the outcome of ICU-acquired bacteraemias date: 2012-02-15 words: 2878.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006714-q7wy76e2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006714-q7wy76e2.txt summary: Our study supports the hypothesis that combination short-term antibiotherapy with an aminoglycoside for ICU-acquired bacteraemias could increase survival. Meta-analysis failed to demonstrate improved outcomes in patients treated with antibiotic combinations over those receiving monotherapy [1] [2] [3] [4] and resulted in a decreased use of combination therapy. We performed a retrospective study to evaluate the impact of AGs in antimicrobial combination on ICU-acquired bacteraemia in our universityaffiliated ICU [8] [9] [10] [11] . The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of AGs in antibiotic combination on the outcome of patients with ICU-acquired bacteraemia. We found a survival benefit with the use of combination therapy with AGs for ICU-acquired bacteraemias. In the ICU, inadequate empirical antibiotic therapy is associated with an increased mortality risk in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia and bacteraemia. Our study suggests that short-term combination beta-lactams plus AGs therapy in intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired bacteraemia could reduce mortality. abstract: Pharmacodynamic studies report on the rapid bactericidal activity of aminoglycosides, conferring them as being of theoretical interest for bacteraemia treatment. We assessed this issue in a retrospective study of patients with intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired bacteraemias. To determine the impact of aminoglycosides in antimicrobial combination on the outcome of patients with bacteraemia, we performed a monovariate analysis and a logistic regression analysis comparing patients treated with or without aminoglycosides. Forty-eight bacteraemias in 48 patients were included. Eighteen patients received aminoglycosides. Baseline characteristics as well as adaptation and adequation of antibiotherapy did not differ in patients who did or did not receive aminoglycosides. Patients who received aminoglycosides had longer time alive away from the ICU (11.3 ± 8.9 (10 [0–20]) vs. 3.2 ± 6.6 (0 [0–2] days; p = 0.002) and free from mechanical ventilation (12.5 ± 9.3 (14 [0–21] vs. 5.5 ± 9.2 (0 [0–10] days; p = 0.02) on day 28. The ICU mortality was 16% in the aminoglycoside group versus 46% (p = 0.03). In the multivariate analysis, patients treated with aminoglycosides were 6 times less likely to die than those treated without aminoglycosides (confidence interval [CI] = [1.3–28.9]; p = 0.02). Our study supports the hypothesis that combination short-term antibiotherapy with an aminoglycoside for ICU-acquired bacteraemias could increase survival. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7102278/ doi: 10.1007/s10096-012-1568-z id: cord-000683-mig5zt5p author: Delgado-Rodríguez, Miguel title: Prognosis of hospitalized patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza in Spain: influence of neuraminidase inhibitors date: 2012-03-30 words: 2483.0 sentences: 156.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-000683-mig5zt5p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-000683-mig5zt5p.txt summary: 4, 6, 7 We reviewed nationwide Spanish data on hospitalized patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza A in order to: (i) evaluate the frequency of adverse outcomes during hospitalization; and (ii) identify the factors influencing poor/good outcome, including the use of neuraminidase inhibitors shortly after the onset of symptoms. The following demographic variables and pre-existing medical conditions were recorded for all study participants: age, sex, ethnicity, educational level, smoking, alcoholism, pregnancy in women aged 15 -49 years, history of pneumonia in the previous two years, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, cardiovascular disease, renal failure, diabetes, HIV infection, disabling neurological disease, cancer, transplantation, morbid obesity (body mass index ≥40), use of neuraminidase inhibitors before hospital admission (and their timing relative to the onset of symptoms, verified after contacting the prescribing general practitioner), use of other medications in the 90 days before hospital admission (corticosteroids, antibiotics etc.) and treatment received during hospitalization (medications, catheters and mechanical ventilation). abstract: BACKGROUND: The H1N1 influenza pandemic strain has been associated with a poor prognosis in hospitalized patients. The present report evaluates the factors influencing prognosis. METHODS: A total of 813 patients hospitalized with H1N1 influenza in 36 hospitals (nationwide) in Spain were analysed. Detailed histories of variables preceding hospital admission were obtained by interview, validating data on medications and vaccine with their attending physicians. Data on treatment and complications during hospital stay were recorded. As definition of poor outcome, the endpoints of death and admission to intensive care were combined; and as a further outcome, length of stay was used. RESULTS: The mean age was 38.5 years (SD 22.8 years). There were 10 deaths and 79 admissions to intensive care (combined, 88). The use of neuraminidase inhibitors was reported by 495 patients (60.9%). The variables significantly associated with a poor outcome were diabetes (OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.21–4.02), corticosteroid therapy (OR = 3.37, 95% CI = 1.39–8.20) and use of histamine-2 receptor antagonists (OR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.14–6.36), while the use of neuraminidase inhibitors (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.34–0.94) was protective. Neuraminidase inhibitors within the first 2 days after the influenza onset reduced hospital stay by a mean of 1.9 days (95% CI = 4.7–6.6). CONCLUSIONS: The use of neuraminidase inhibitors decreases the length of hospital stay and admission to intensive care and/or death. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3370819/ doi: 10.1093/jac/dks098 id: cord-350390-ukoi8jyg author: Demkina, A. E. title: Risk factors for outcomes of COVID-19 patients: an observational study of 795 572 patients in Russia date: 2020-11-04 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Background Several factors that could affect survival and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients require larger studies and closer attention. Objective To investigate the impact of factors including whether COVID-19 was clinically or laboratory-diagnosed, influenza vaccination, former or current tuberculosis, HIV, and other comorbidities on the hospitalized patients' outcomes. Design Observational nationwide cohort study. Patients All subjects, regardless of age, admitted to 4,251 Russian hospitals indexed in the Federal Register of COVID-19 patients between March 26, 2020, and June 3, 2020. All included patients for which complete clinical data were available were divided into two cohorts, with laboratory- and clinically verified COVID-19. Measurements We analyzed patients' age and sex, COVID-19 ICD-10 code, the length of the hospital stay, and whether they required ICU treatment or invasive mechanical ventilation. The other variables for analysis were: verified diagnosis of pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, diseases of the endocrine system, cancer/malignancy, HIV, tuberculosis, and the data on influenza vaccination in the previous six months. Results This study enrolled 705,572 COVID-19 patients aged from 0 to 121 years, 50.4% females. 164,195 patients were excluded due to no confirmed COVID-19 (n=143,357) or insufficient and invalid clinical data (n=20,831). 541,377 participants were included in the study, 413,950 (76.5%) of them had laboratory-verified COVID-19, and 127,427 patients (23.5%) with the clinical verification. Influenza vaccination reduced the risk of transfer to the ICU (OR 0.76), mechanical ventilation requirement (OR 0.74), and the risk of death (HR 0.77). TB increased the mortality risk (HR 1.74) but reduced the likelihood of transfer to the ICU (OR 0.27). HIV comorbidity significantly increased the risks of transfer to the ICU (OR 2.46) and death (HR 1.60). Patients with the clinically verified COVID-19 had a shorter duration of hospital stay (HR 1.45) but a higher risk of mortality (HR 1.08) and the likelihood of being ventilated (OR 1.36). According to the previously published data, age, male sex, endocrine disorders, and cardiovascular diseases increased the length of hospital stay, the risk of death, and transfer to the ICU. Limitations The study did not include a control group of subjects with no COVID-19. Because of that, some of the identified factors could not be specific for COVID-19. Conclusions Influenza vaccination could reduce the severity of the hospitalized patients' clinical outcomes, including mortality, regardless of age, social, and economic group. The other factors considered in the study did not reduce the assessed risks, but we observed several non-trivial associations that may optimize the management of COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.02.20224253 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.02.20224253 id: cord-334367-w96iqo6q author: Devlin, John W. title: Strategies to Optimize ICU Liberation (A to F) Bundle Performance in Critically Ill Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-06-12 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: OBJECTIVES: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has stretched ICU resources in an unprecedented fashion and outstripped personal protective equipment supplies. The combination of a novel disease, resource limitations, and risks to medical personnel health have created new barriers to implementing the ICU Liberation (“A” for Assessment, Prevention, and Manage pain; “B” for Both Spontaneous Awakening Trials and Spontaneous Breathing Trials; “C” for Choice of Analgesia and Sedation; “D” for Delirium Assess, Prevent, and Manage; “E” for Early Mobility and Exercise; and “F” for Family Engagement and Empowerment [ABCDEF]) Bundle, a proven ICU care approach that reduces delirium, shortens mechanical ventilation duration, prevents post-ICU syndrome, and reduces healthcare costs. This narrative review acknowledges barriers and offers strategies to optimize Bundle performance in coronavirus disease 2019 patients requiring mechanical ventilation. DATA SOURCES, STUDY SELECTION, AND DATA EXTRACTION: The most relevant literature, media reports, and author experiences were assessed for inclusion in this narrative review including PubMed, national newspapers, and critical care/pharmacology textbooks. DATA SYNTHESIS: Uncertainty regarding coronavirus disease 2019 clinical course, shifts in attitude, and changes in routine behavior have hindered Bundle use. A domino effect results from: 1) changes to critical care hierarchy, priorities, and ICU team composition; 2) significant personal protective equipment shortages cause; 3) reduced/restricted physical bedside presence favoring; 4) increased depth of sedation and use of neuromuscular blockade; 5) which exacerbate drug shortages; and 6) which require prolonged use of limited ventilator resources. Other identified barriers include manageable knowledge deficits among non-ICU clinicians unfamiliar with the Bundle or among PICU specialists deploying pediatric-based Bundle approaches who are unfamiliar with adult medicine. Both groups have been enlisted to augment the adult ICU work force to meet demand. Strategies were identified to facilitate Bundle performance to liberate patients from the ICU. CONCLUSIONS: We acknowledge current challenges that interfere with comprehensive management of critically ill patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Rapid response to new circumstances precisely requires established safety mechanisms and protocols like the ABCDEF Bundle to increase ICU and ventilator capacity and help survivors maximize recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 as early as possible. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32696002/ doi: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000139 id: cord-309733-x4crng5j author: Dhesi, Z. title: Organisms causing secondary pneumonias in COVID-19 patients at 5 UK ICUs as detected with the FilmArray test date: 2020-06-23 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: ABSTRACT Introduction. Several viral respiratory infections - notably influenza - are associated with secondary bacterial infection and additional pathology. The extent to which this applies for COVID-19 is unknown. Accordingly, we aimed to define the bacteria causing secondary pneumonias in COVID-19 ICU patients using the FilmArray Pneumonia Panel, and to determine this tests potential in COVID-19 management. Methods. COVID-19 ICU patients with clinically-suspected secondary infection at 5 UK hospitals were tested with the FilmArray at point of care. We collected patient demographic data and compared FilmArray results with routine culture. Results. We report results of 110 FilmArray tests on 94 patients (16 had 2 tests): 69 patients (73%) were male, the median age was 59 yrs; 92 were ventilated. Median hospital stay before testing was 14 days (range 1-38). Fifty-nine (54%) tests were positive, with 141 bacteria detected. Most were Enterobacterales (n=55, including Klebsiella spp. [n= 35]) or Staphylococcus aureus (n=13), as is typical of hospital and ventilator pneumonia. Community pathogens, including Haemophilus influenzae (n=8) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=1), were rarer. FilmArray detected one additional virus (Rhinovirus/Enterovirus) and no atypical bacteria. Fewer samples (28 % vs. 54%) were positive by routine culture, and fewer species were reported per sample; Klebsiella species remained the most prevalent pathogens. Conclusion. FilmArray had a higher diagnostic yield than culture for ICU COVID-19 patients with suspected secondary pneumonias. The bacteria found mostly were Enterobacterales, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, as in typical HAP/VAP, but with Klebsiella spp. more prominent. We found almost no viral co-infection. Turnaround from sample to results is around 1h 15 min compared with the usual 72h for culture, giving prescribers earlier data to inform antimicrobial decisions. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.22.20131573v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.22.20131573 id: cord-006308-s5le8ugm author: Dimopoulos, G. title: Candidemia in immunocompromised and immunocompetent critically ill patients: a prospective comparative study date: 2007-05-25 words: 4713.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006308-s5le8ugm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006308-s5le8ugm.txt summary: The purpose of this study was to compare the risk factors, clinical manifestations, and outcome of candidemia in immunocompromised (IC) and nonimmunocompromised (NIC) critically ill patients. No study to date has been specifically designed to compare risk factors, manifestations, and outcome of candidemia in IC and NIC critically ill patients. Thus, we performed the present study to assess possible clinically significant differences between IC and NIC patients with candidemia receiving care in the ICU setting. The investigational work-up for invasive candidiasis in our patients (other than blood cultures, esophageal endoscopy, and oral scrapings) included (a) identification of predisposing factors, (b) surveillance cultures to detect possible colonization, (c) eye exam, and (d) CT scans of the suspected site of infection. The NIC patients in our study developed candidemia during their ICU hospitalization, and none manifested esophageal candidiasis, although one developed oral thrush. abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the risk factors, clinical manifestations, and outcome of candidemia in immunocompromised (IC) and nonimmunocompromised (NIC) critically ill patients. Data were collected prospectively over a 2-year period (02/2000–01/2002) from patients in a 25-bed, medical–surgical intensive care unit (ICU). Eligible for participation in this study were patients who developed candidemia during their ICU stay. Patients under antifungal therapy and with a confirmed systemic fungal infection prior to the diagnosis of candidemia were excluded. Cultures of blood, urine, and stool were performed for all patients in the study, and all patients underwent endoscopy/biopsy of the esophagus for detection of Candida. Smears and/or scrapings of oropharyngeal and esophageal lesions were examined for hyphae and/or pseudohyphae and were also cultured for yeasts. During the study period, 1,627 patients were hospitalized in the ICU, 57% for primary medical reasons and 43% for surgical reasons. After application of the study’s inclusion and exclusion criteria, 24 patients with candidemia (9 IC and 15 NIC) were analyzed. Total parenteral nutrition was more common in IC than in NIC patients (9/9 [100%] vs 8/15 [53%], p = 0.02). Oropharyngeal candidiasis was detected in 5 of 9 (55.5%) IC patients and in 1 of 15 (6.5%) NIC patients (p = 0.015). Esophageal candidiasis was also more common in IC than in NIC patients (4/9 [44%] vs 0/15 [0%], p = 0.012). Among the 9 IC patients, all except 2 died, resulting in a crude mortality of 78%; among the 15 NIC patients, 9 died, resulting in a crude mortality of 60% (p > 0.05). Autopsy was performed in two IC and in six NIC patients, with disseminated candidiasis found in one IC patient. Oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis are frequent in IC patients with candidemia. In contrast, this coexistence is rare in NIC critically ill patients with Candida bloodstream infections. A high mortality was noted in both IC and NIC critically ill patients with candidemia. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7101586/ doi: 10.1007/s10096-007-0316-2 id: cord-300230-a3jk6w90 author: Ding, Ji-Guang title: Retrospective analysis of nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in China during 2003 and 2007 date: 2009-07-25 words: 3805.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300230-a3jk6w90.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300230-a3jk6w90.txt summary: RESULTS: Among 1980 patients admitted over the period of time, the overall patient nosocomial infection rate was 26.8% or 51.0 per 1000 patient days., Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) accounted for most of the infections (68.4%), followed by urinary tract infections (UTI, 15.9%), bloodstream (BSI, 5.9%), and gastrointestinal tract (GI, 2.5%) infections. In conclusion, there was a high and relatively stable rate of nosocomial infections in the ICU of a tertiary hospital in China through year 2003-2007, with some differences in the distribution of the infection sites, and pathogen and antibiotic susceptibility profiles from those reported in the Western countries. In conclusion, there was a high and relatively stable rate of nosocomial infections in the ICU of a tertiary hospital in China through year 2003-2007, with some differences in the distribution of the infection sites, and pathogen and antibiotic susceptibility profiles from those reported in the Western countries. abstract: BACKGROUND: Nosocomial infections are a major threat to patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Limited data exist on the epidemiology of ICU-acquired infections in China. This retrospective study was carried out to determine the current status of nosocomial infection in China. METHODS: A retrospective review of nococomial infections in the ICU of a tertiary hospital in East China between 2003 and 2007 was performed. Nosocomial infections were defined according to the definitions of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The overall patient nosocomial infection rate, the incidence density rate of nosocomial infections, the excess length of stay, and distribution of nosocomial infection sites were determined. Then, pathogen and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were further investigated. RESULTS: Among 1980 patients admitted over the period of time, the overall patient nosocomial infection rate was 26.8% or 51.0 per 1000 patient days., Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) accounted for most of the infections (68.4%), followed by urinary tract infections (UTI, 15.9%), bloodstream (BSI, 5.9%), and gastrointestinal tract (GI, 2.5%) infections. There was no significant change in LRTI, UTI and BSI infection rates during the 5 years. However, GI rate was significantly decreased from 5.5% in 2003 to 0.4% in 2007. In addition, A. baumannii, C. albicans and S. epidermidis were the most frequent pathogens isolated in patients with LRTIs, UTIs and BSIs, respectively. The rates of isolates resistant to commonly used antibiotics ranged from 24.0% to 93.1%. CONCLUSION: There was a high and relatively stable rate of nosocomial infections in the ICU of a tertiary hospital in China through year 2003–2007, with some differences in the distribution of the infection sites, and pathogen and antibiotic susceptibility profiles from those reported from the Western countries. Guidelines for surveillance and prevention of nosocomial infections must be implemented in order to reduce the rate. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19630992/ doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-9-115 id: cord-017518-u2gsa4lg author: Divatia, J. V. title: Nosocomial Infections and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Cancer Patients date: 2019-07-09 words: 8766.0 sentences: 421.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017518-u2gsa4lg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017518-u2gsa4lg.txt summary: These infection rates can be significantly reduced by the implementing and improving compliance with the "care bundles." This chapter will address the common nosocomial infections such as ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), and surgical site infections (SSI), including preventive strategies and care bundles for the same. (a) Patient factors such as extremes of age, immunosuppression due to malignancy, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), patients requiring emergency admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), duration of stay more than 7 days, chronic illness like renal failure, diabetes mellitus, chronic liver disease, presence of indwelling catheters, ventilation, total parenteral nutrition, trauma, abdominal surgeries, and impaired functional status [44, 45] (b) Organizational factors such as the poor environmental hygiene inside the hospital or ICU, lack of efficient infection control measures, inadequate manpower such as an inadequate nurse to patient ratio or inadequate waste management staff, and inadequate equipment for patient use (c) Iatrogenic factors such as ignorance regarding infection control practices, lack of training in infection control, etc. abstract: Nosocomial infections or healthcare-acquired infections are a common cause of increased morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients. Cancer patients are at an increased risk for these infections due to their immunosuppressed states. Considering these adverse effects on and the socioeconomic burden, efforts should be made to minimize the transmission of these infections and make the hospitals a safer environment. These infection rates can be significantly reduced by the implementing and improving compliance with the “care bundles.” This chapter will address the common nosocomial infections such as ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), and surgical site infections (SSI), including preventive strategies and care bundles for the same. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122096/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-74588-6_125 id: cord-326272-ya3r0h1t author: Dobesh, Paul P. title: Coagulopathy, Venous Thromboembolism, and Anticoagulation in Patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-10-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)has led to a world‐wide pandemic, and patients with the infection are referred to as having COVID‐19. Although COVID‐19 is commonly considered a respiratory disease, there is clearly a thrombotic potential that was not expected. The pathophysiology of the disease and subsequent coagulopathy produce an inflammatory, hypercoagulable, and hypofibrinolytic state. Several observational studies have demonstrated surprisingly high rates of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in both general ward and intensive care patients with COVID‐19. Many of these observational studies demonstrate high rates of VTE despite patients being on standard, or even higher intensity, pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis. Fibrinolytic therapy has also been used in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Unfortunately, high quality randomized controlled trials are lacking. A literature search was performed to provide the most up‐to‐date information on the pathophysiology, coagulopathy, risk of VTE, and prevention and treatment of VTE in patients with COVID‐19. These topics are reviewed in detail, along with practical issues of anticoagulant selection and duration. Although a number of international organizations have produced guideline or consensus statements, they do not all cover the same issues regarding anticoagulant therapy for patients with COVID‐19, and they do not all agree. These statements and the most recent literature are combined into a list of clinical considerations that clinicians can use for the prevention and treatment of VTE in patients with COVID‐19. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.2465 doi: 10.1002/phar.2465 id: cord-297327-19dfgfz6 author: Drożdżal, Sylwester title: COVID-19: Pain Management in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection—Molecular Mechanisms, Challenges, and Perspectives date: 2020-07-20 words: 5672.0 sentences: 319.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297327-19dfgfz6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297327-19dfgfz6.txt summary: Many patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection will suffer from severe pain and require reliable pain assessment to provide adequate analgesia, often with multiple drugs, including opioids, nonPutative mechanisms of myalgia and headache during viral infection. Many patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection will suffer from severe pain and require reliable pain assessment to provide adequate analgesia, often with multiple drugs, including opioids, non-steroidal inflammatory drugs or analgosedation [52] . Recently, concerns about the possible higher frequency of adverse effects and exacerbation of symptoms of viral respiratory tract infections, such as COVID-19, in patients treated with NSAIDs have been raised [67] . There are reports of a significantly higher use of opioids because of sedation requirements during respiratory failure caused by SARS-CoV-2, which highlights the importance of undertaking a study aiming to determine efficacious and safe procedures of pain management in patients with COVID-19. abstract: Since the end of 2019, the whole world has been struggling with the pandemic of the new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Available evidence suggests that pain is a common symptom during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). According to the World Health Organization, many patients suffer from muscle pain (myalgia) and/or joint pain (arthralgia), sore throat and headache. The exact mechanisms of headache and myalgia during viral infection are still unknown. Moreover, many patients with respiratory failure get admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for ventilatory support. Pain in ICU patients can be associated with viral disease itself (myalgia, arthralgia, peripheral neuropathies), may be caused by continuous pain and discomfort associated with ICU treatment, intermittent procedural pain and chronic pain present before admission to the ICU. Undertreatment of pain, especially when sedation and neuromuscular blocking agents are used, prone positioning during mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may trigger delirium and cause peripheral neuropathies. This narrative review summarizes current knowledge regarding challenges associated with pain assessment and management in COVID-19 patients. A structured prospective evaluation should be undertaken to analyze the probability, severity, sources and adequate treatment of pain in patients with COVID-19 infection. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10070465 doi: 10.3390/brainsci10070465 id: cord-300897-lih5f6cj author: Du, Bin title: Clinical review: Critical care medicine in mainland China date: 2010-02-25 words: 2760.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300897-lih5f6cj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300897-lih5f6cj.txt summary: Two years later, it became the fi rst Department of Critical Care Medicine in mainland China, with a seven-bed general ICU in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital, chaired by Dr Dechang Chen, the well-recognized founding father of critical care medicine in mainland China. Th ere is no census on critical care resources in China, including the number of ICUs, intensivists, ICU nurses, and relevant facilities (for example, bedside monitors, artifi cial ventilators), because no national survey has ever been performed. Considering the above limitations and potential improve ment, we do believe that Chinese intensivists may benefi t from academic exchange with the international medical community with regard to the following: development of a series of training programs fulfi lling international standards; development of a national board exam for critical care medicine; and conduction of multicenter trials compatible with good clinical practice. abstract: Critical care medicine began in mainland China in the early 1980s. After almost 30 years of effort, it has been recognized as a specialty very recently. However, limited data suggest that critical care resources, especially ICU beds, are inadequate compared with those of developed countries. National critical care societies work together to set up good practice standards, and to improve academic levels with scientific meetings, education programs, and training courses. Critical care research in mainland China is beginning to evolve, with great potential for improvement. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/cc8222 doi: 10.1186/cc8222 id: cord-257504-tqzvdssb author: Dubost, Clément title: Preparation of an intensive care unit in France for the reception of a confirmed case of Ebola virus infection() date: 2015-11-24 words: 5148.0 sentences: 286.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257504-tqzvdssb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257504-tqzvdssb.txt summary: title: Preparation of an intensive care unit in France for the reception of a confirmed case of Ebola virus infection() The current Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa is a major challenge for the worldwide medical community. The current Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa is a major challenge for the worldwide medical community. The preparation of a modern Intensive Care Unit (ICU) to treat an EVD patient in good conditions requires time and specific equipment. The preparation of a modern Intensive Care Unit (ICU) to treat an EVD patient in good conditions requires time and specific equipment. Thus, the preparation of intensive care units in affluent countries is necessary in order to be able to receive a confirmed case of EVD with two main goals: (i) to treat the patient and (ii) to protect the healthcare providers. abstract: The current Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa is a major challenge for the worldwide medical community. On April 29th 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared 26,277 infected cases; among them, 10,884 have deceased. The epidemic is still ongoing, particularly in Sierra Leone. It is now clear that northern countries will be implicated in the care of EVD patients, both in the field and back at home. Because of the severity of EVD, a fair amount of patients may require intensive care. It is highly probable that intensive care would be able to significantly reduce the mortality linked with EVD. The preparation of a modern Intensive Care Unit (ICU) to treat an EVD patient in good conditions requires time and specific equipment. The cornerstone of this preparation includes two main goals: treating the patient and protecting healthcare providers. Staff training is time consuming and must be performed far in advance of patient arrival. To be efficient, preparation should be planned at a national level with help from public authorities, as was the case in France during the summer of 2014. Due to the severity of the disease, the high risk of transmission and scarce knowledge on EVD treatment, our propositions are necessarily original and innovative. Our review includes four topics: a brief report on the actual outbreak, where to receive and hospitalize the patients, the specific organization of the ICU and finally ethical aspects. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accpm.2015.10.002 doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2015.10.002 id: cord-264614-2x7cdul3 author: Díaz-Guio, Diego Andrés title: COVID-19: Biosafety in the Intensive Care Unit date: 2020-08-27 words: 3857.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264614-2x7cdul3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264614-2x7cdul3.txt summary: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: COVID-19 is a new, highly transmissible disease to which healthcare workers (HCWs) are exposed, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). This article aims to show the different strategies to prevent the widespread of the disease to critical care healthcare workers based on the review of the recent literature and the author''s experience with the personal protective equipment (PPE) in the care of patients with COVID-19 and work on human factors in crisis management. Nonetheless, to date, there is no robust evidence that medical masks are inferior to N95/FFP2 respirators for protecting healthcare workers against laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 during patients care and non-AGPs [31] . While personal protective equipment is an essential part of safety to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission, it must be employed appropriately, together with frequent hand hygiene, and mastering specific techniques and non-technical skills like awareness, closed-loop communication, leadership, team working, appropriate resource management, and cognitive aids [14, 34] . abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: COVID-19 is a new, highly transmissible disease to which healthcare workers (HCWs) are exposed, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). Information related to protection mechanisms is heterogeneous, and the infected HCWs’ number is increasing. This review intends to summarize the current knowledge and practices to protect ICU personnel during the patient management process in the context of the current pandemic. RECENT FINDINGS: The transmission mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 are mainly respiratory droplets, aerosols, and contact. The virus can last for a few hours suspended in the air and be viable on surfaces for several days. Some procedures carried out in the ICU can generate aerosols. The shortage of respirators, such as the N95, has generated an increase in the demand for other protective equipment in critical care settings. SUMMARY: The probability of transmission depends on the characteristics of the pathogen, the availability of quality personal protective equipment, and the human factors associated with the performance of health workers. It is necessary to have knowledge of the virus and availability of the best possible personal protection equipment, develop skills for handling equipment, and develop non-technical skills during all intensive care process; this can be achieved through structured training. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40475-020-00208-z doi: 10.1007/s40475-020-00208-z id: cord-311872-09jzyyin author: Effenberger, Maria title: Systemic inflammation as fuel for acute liver injury in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-10 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: A cytokine storm conceivably contributes to manifestations of corona virus disease (COVID-19). Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) cause acute liver injury while serum detectability indicates systemic inflammation. AIMS: We explored a link between systemic IL-6, related acute phase proteins and liver injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. METHODS: 655 patients with suspected COVID-19 were screened in the emergency department at the University Hospital of Innsbruck, Austria, between February and April 2020. 96 patients (∼15%) were hospitalized with COVID-19. 15 patients required intensive-care treatment (ICT). Plasma aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and gamma glutamyl transferase, as well as IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined by standard clinical assays. RESULTS: Of all hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 41 (42%) showed elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentration. COVID-19 patients with elevated AST exhibited significantly higher IL-6 (p< 0.001), ferritin (p< 0.001), LDH (p< 0.001) and CRP (p < 0.05) serum concentrations compared to patients with normal AST. Liver injury correlated with systemic IL-6 (p < 0.001), CRP (p < 0.001), ferritin (p < 0.001) and LDH (p < 0.001) concentration. In COVID-19 patients requiring ICT, correlations were more pronounced. CONCLUSION: Systemic inflammation could be a fuel for hepatic injury in COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1590865820303972 doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.08.004 id: cord-262729-qcijsyo6 author: Eichberg, Daniel G title: Letter: Academic Neurosurgery Department Response to COVID-19 Pandemic: The University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital Model date: 2020-04-11 words: 1089.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262729-qcijsyo6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262729-qcijsyo6.txt summary: Therefore, we have empowered a small neurosurgery COVID team consisting of senior neurosurgeons with multidisciplinary backgrounds who review a brief history and select imaging studies and make decisions for urgent surgical cases. We continue to schedule clinic visits to evaluate potentially urgent surgical patients, which are determined during a clinic prescreen. Since implementation, we have decreased the number of clinic visits by 80%; however, we continue to see and evaluate the same number of patients prior to this protocol. Only the minimal number of residents and/or fellows required for patient care are allowed to come to the hospital. To minimize faculty exposure, we have re-organized the call schedules so that one provider covers multiple hospitals and sub-specialties -with appropriate at home Postoperative neurosurgical patients are often medically fragile; thus exposure to COVID-19 may be extremely deleterious. During the COVID-19 pandemic, emergent and urgent neurosurgical procedures should continue to be performed, while deferring elective surgeries. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32277754/ doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa118 id: cord-276181-5gh0i394 author: Eimer, J. title: Tocilizumab shortens time on mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. date: 2020-07-30 words: 1547.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276181-5gh0i394.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276181-5gh0i394.txt summary: Conclusions: Treatment of critically ill patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 with tocilizumab was not associated with reduced 30-day all-cause mortality, but shorter duration on ventilatory support as well as shorter overall length of stay in hospital and in ICU. Several small studies from China and Europe have reported promising results of the treatment with tocilizumab in patients with COVID-19, preventing the need for admission to an intensive care unit and improving clinical outcomes (4, 5) . In this retrospective cohort study, the administration of tocilizumab did not reduce all cause mortality but was associated with a shorter time on mechanical ventilation and a shorter length of stay in hospital and in ICU in critically ill patients with ARDS due to COVID-19. In summary, our findings indicate that treatment with tocilizumab of critically ill patients with severe ARDS due to COVID-19 may reduce time on mechanical ventilation and overall length of stay in ICU and in hospital. abstract: Background: Hyperinflammation is a key feature of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 with a central role of the interleukin-6 pathway. We aimed to study the impact of the IL-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab on the outcome of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) related to COVID-19. Methods: Eighty-seven patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and moderate to severe ARDS were included (n tocilizumab = 29, n controls = 58). A matched cohort was created using a propensity score. The primary endpoint was 30-day all-cause mortality, secondary endpoints included ventilation-free days and length of stay. Results: No difference was found in 30-day all-cause mortality in patients treated with tocilizumab compared to controls (17.2% vs. 32.8%, p = 0.2; HR = 0.52 [0.19 - 1.39], p = 0.19). Ventilator-free days were 19.0 (IQR 12.5 - 20.0) versus 9 (IQR 0.0 - 18.5; p = 0.04), respectively. A higher rate of freedom from mechanical ventilation at 30 days was achieved in patients receiving tocilizumab (HR 2.83 [1.48 - 5.40], p < 0.002). Median length of stay in ICU and total length of stay were reduced by 8 and 9.5 days in patients treated with tocilizumab. Similar results were obtained in the analysis of the propensity score matched cohort. Conclusions: Treatment of critically ill patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 with tocilizumab was not associated with reduced 30-day all-cause mortality, but shorter duration on ventilatory support as well as shorter overall length of stay in hospital and in ICU. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.29.20164160v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.29.20164160 id: cord-306315-vt2e0crh author: Elabbadi, Alexandre title: Respiratory virus-associated infections in HIV-infected adults admitted to the intensive care unit for acute respiratory failure: a 6-year bicenter retrospective study (HIV-VIR study) date: 2020-09-14 words: 4734.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306315-vt2e0crh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306315-vt2e0crh.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: Viruses are frequently identified in the respiratory tract of HIV-infected patients with acute respiratory failure that requires ICU admission, but with a non-viral copathogen in two-thirds of cases. Indeed, using nucleic acid amplification test such as multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR), these pathogens have been shown highly prevalent (20-56%) in large cohorts of adult patients admitted to the ICU for all-cause ARF [7, 8] , community-acquired pneumonia [9, 10] , hospitalacquired pneumonia [11] , acute exacerbation of COPD [12, 13] , and asthma [14] , compared to asymptomatic adults [15, 16] . We investigated whether a respiratory virus-associated infection Table 2 Causative diagnosis of acute respiratory failure in 123 HIV-infected patients admitted to the ICU Data are presented as number (%). Viruses are frequently identified in the respiratory tract of HIV-infected patients with ARF that required ICU admission, but with a non-viral copathogen in two-thirds of cases. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Acute respiratory failure is the main reason for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) in HIV-infected adults. There is little data about the epidemiology of respiratory viruses in this population. METHODS: HIV-infected adults admitted to two intensive care units over a 6-year period for an acute respiratory failure and explored for respiratory viruses with multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) were retrospectively selected. Objectives were to describe the prevalence of respiratory viruses, coinfections with non-viral pathogens, and hospital outcome. RESULTS: A total of 123 episodes were included. An HIV infection was newly diagnosed in 9% of cases and 72% of the population were on antiretroviral therapy. Real-time mPCR tests identified at least one respiratory virus in the respiratory tract of 33 (27%) patients, but with a non-viral copathogen in two-thirds of cases. Rhinovirus was predominant, documented in 15 patients, followed by Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses (both n = 6). The prevalence of respiratory virus-associated infection did not vary along with the level of the CD4 T-cell deficiency, except for Rhinovirus which was more prevalent in patients with a CD4 lymphocyte count below 200 cells/µL (n = 13 (20%) vs. n = 2 (4%), p < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, respiratory virus-associated infection was not associated with a worse prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Viruses are frequently identified in the respiratory tract of HIV-infected patients with acute respiratory failure that requires ICU admission, but with a non-viral copathogen in two-thirds of cases. Rhinovirus is the predominant viral specie; its prevalence is highest in patients with a CD4 lymphocyte count below 200 cells/µL. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-020-00738-9 doi: 10.1186/s13613-020-00738-9 id: cord-005795-sgi54hq8 author: Ely, E. title: The impact of delirium in the intensive care unit on hospital length of stay date: 2001-11-08 words: 4876.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005795-sgi54hq8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005795-sgi54hq8.txt summary: Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are at very high risk for the development of delirium due to factors such as multi-system illnesses and comorbidities, the use of psychoactive medications, and age. While recent studies have selected delirium and pharmacologic issues (which are inter-related) as two of the top three most important target areas for quality of care improvement in vulnerable older adults [13] , nearly all delirium investigations have excluded medical ICU patients who are often receiving prolonged sedation on mechanical ventilators [1, 2, 14, 15, 16, 17] . Two study nurses enrolled patients each morning and recorded baseline demographics, severity of illness data using the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score [21] , activities of daily living [22] , and risk factors for delirium derived from data in the literature [2, 3, 14, 15, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27] . abstract: Study objective: To determine the relationship between delirium in the intensive care unit (ICU) and outcomes including length of stay in the hospital. Design: A prospective cohort study. Setting: The adult medical ICU of a tertiary care, university-based medical center. Participants: The study population consisted of 48 patients admitted to the ICU, 24 of whom received mechanical ventilation. Measurements: All patients were evaluated for the development and persistence of delirium on a daily basis by a geriatric or psychiatric specialist with expertise in delirium assessment using the Diagnostic Statistical Manual IV (DSM-IV) criteria of the American Psychiatric Association, the reference standard for delirium ratings. Primary outcomes measured were length of stay in the ICU and hospital. Results: The mean onset of delirium was 2.6 days (S.D.±1.7), and the mean duration was 3.4±1.9 days. Of the 48 patients, 39 (81.3%) developed delirium, and of these 29 (60.4%) developed the complication while still in the ICU. The duration of delirium was associated with length of stay in the ICU (r=0.65, P=0.0001) and in the hospital (r=0.68, P<0.0001). Using multivariate analysis, delirium was the strongest predictor of length of stay in the hospital (P=0.006) even after adjusting for severity of illness, age, gender, race, and days of benzodiazepine and narcotic drug administration. Conclusions: In this patient cohort, the majority of patients developed delirium in the ICU, and delirium was the strongest independent determinant of length of stay in the hospital. Further study and monitoring of delirium in the ICU and the risk factors for its development are warranted. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095464/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-001-1132-2 id: cord-029770-72ncfyc5 author: Farasat, Sadaf title: Sleep and Delirium in Older Adults date: 2020-07-27 words: 5900.0 sentences: 295.0 pages: flesch: 31.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029770-72ncfyc5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029770-72ncfyc5.txt summary: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Poor sleep and delirium are common in older patients but recognition and management are challenging, particularly in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. In the hospital setting, poor sleep and delirium are associated with adverse outcomes; non-pharmacological interventions are recommended, but tend to be resource intensive and hindered by a lack of reliable sleep measurement tools. Over the past two decades, delirium, in particular in older adults (≥ 65 years old) hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs), has gained substantial attention as a common and major health problem. For example, poor hospital sleep quality is believed to hinder participation in self-care and rehabilitation activities during post-illness recovery [58] , increasing older adults'' risk of falls, functional impairment, institutionalization, and early death. Data are also mixed regarding specific nonpharmacologic sleep promoting interventions in non-ICU hospitalized patients, as noted in a recent systematic review of 13 studies. abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Poor sleep and delirium are common in older patients but recognition and management are challenging, particularly in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. The purpose of this review is to highlight current research on these conditions, their inter-relationship, modes of measurement, and current approaches to management. RECENT FINDINGS: Sleep deprivation and delirium are closely linked, with shared clinical characteristics, risk factors, and neurochemical abnormalities. Acetylcholine and dopamine are important neurochemicals in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness and their dysregulation has been implicated in development of delirium. In the hospital setting, poor sleep and delirium are associated with adverse outcomes; non-pharmacological interventions are recommended, but tend to be resource intensive and hindered by a lack of reliable sleep measurement tools. Delirium is easier to identify, with validated tools available in both ICU and non-ICU settings; however, an optimal treatment approach remains unclear. Antipsychotics are used widely to prevent and treat delirium, although the efficacy data are equivocal. Bundled non-pharmacologic approaches represent a promising framework for prevention and management. SUMMARY: Poor sleep and delirium are common problems in older patients. While these phenomena appear linked, a causal relationship is not clearly established. At present, there are no established sleep-focused guidelines for preventing or treating delirium. Novel interventions are needed that address poor sleep and delirium, particularly in older adults. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7382993/ doi: 10.1007/s40675-020-00174-y id: cord-301011-xbuqd0j5 author: Felten-Barentsz, Karin M title: Recommendations for Hospital-Based Physical Therapists Managing Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-06-18 words: 3952.0 sentences: 259.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301011-xbuqd0j5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301011-xbuqd0j5.txt summary: In line with international initiatives, this article aims to provide guidance and detailed recommendations for hospital-based physical therapists managing patients hospitalized with COVID-19 through a national approach in the Netherlands. A working group conducted a purposive scan of the literature and drafted initial recommendations based on the knowledge of symptoms in patients with COVID-19, and current practice for physical therapist management for patients hospitalized with lung disease and patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). 12 In line with this international study 12 and the consensus statement of Italian respiratory therapists 13 we aim to provide guidance and detailed recommendations for hospital-based physical therapists managing patients hospitalized with COVID-19 through a national approach in the Netherlands. Physical therapist management for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 comprises elements of respiratory support and active mobilization. Physical therapist management for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 comprises elements of respiratory support and active mobilization. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly evolving and has led to increased numbers of hospitalizations worldwide. Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 experience a variety of symptoms, including fever, muscle pain, tiredness, cough, and difficulty breathing. Elderly people and those with underlying health conditions are considered to be more at risk of developing severe symptoms and have a higher risk of physical deconditioning during their hospital stay. Physical therapists have an important role in supporting hospitalized patients with COVID-19 but also need to be aware of challenges when treating these patients. In line with international initiatives, this article aims to provide guidance and detailed recommendations for hospital-based physical therapists managing patients hospitalized with COVID-19 through a national approach in the Netherlands. METHODS: A pragmatic approach was used. A working group conducted a purposive scan of the literature and drafted initial recommendations based on the knowledge of symptoms in patients with COVID-19, and current practice for physical therapist management for patients hospitalized with lung disease and patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). An expert group of hospital-based physical therapists in the Netherlands provided feedback on the recommendations, which were finalized when consensus was reached among the members of the working group. RESULTS: The recommendations include safety recommendations, treatment recommendations, discharge recommendations, and staffing recommendations. Treatment recommendations address 2 phases of hospitalization: when patients are critically ill and admitted to the ICU, and when patients are severely ill and admitted to the COVID ward. Physical therapist management for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 comprises elements of respiratory support and active mobilization. Respiratory support includes breathing control, thoracic expansion exercises, airway clearance techniques, and respiratory muscle strength training. Recommendations toward active mobilization include bed mobility activities, active range-of-motion exercises, active (−assisted) limb exercises, activities-of-daily-living training, transfer training, cycle ergometer, pre-gait exercises, and ambulation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32556323/ doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa114 id: cord-263703-5csf9z6s author: Fernandez Villalobos, N. V. title: Quantification of the association between predisposing health conditions, demographic, and behavioural factors with hospitalisation, intensive care unit admission, and death from COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-01 words: 5758.0 sentences: 347.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263703-5csf9z6s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263703-5csf9z6s.txt summary: Background Comprehensive evidence synthesis on the associations between comorbidities and behavioural factors with hospitalisation, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, and death due to COVID-19 is lacking leading to inconsistent national and international recommendations on who should be targeted for non-pharmaceutical interventions and vaccination strategies. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on studies and publicly available data to quantify the association between predisposing health conditions, demographics, and behavioural factors with hospitalisation, ICU admission, and death from COVID-19. We extracted relevant variables in the smallest reported unit and according to the main stratification variable, either comorbidity or behavioural risk factor, author and link, country, data source, age-range, study time-frame, baseline population group, outcome (mortality, severity, or other), number of individuals in the risk group, total sample, number of individuals among risk group with outcome, total number of individuals people with the outcome, and effect measures of association reported as well as relative risks computed automatically. abstract: Background Comprehensive evidence synthesis on the associations between comorbidities and behavioural factors with hospitalisation, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, and death due to COVID-19 is lacking leading to inconsistent national and international recommendations on who should be targeted for non-pharmaceutical interventions and vaccination strategies. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on studies and publicly available data to quantify the association between predisposing health conditions, demographics, and behavioural factors with hospitalisation, ICU admission, and death from COVID-19. We provided ranges of reported and calculated effect estimates and pooled relative risks derived from a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Results 75 studies were included into qualitative and 74 into quantitative synthesis, with study populations ranging from 19 - 44,672 COVID-19 cases. The risk of dying from COVID-19 was significantly associated with cerebrovascular [pooled RR 2.7 (95% CI 1.7-4.1)] and cardiovascular [RR 3.2 (CI 2.3-4.5)] diseases, hypertension [RR 2.6 (CI 2.0-3.4)], and renal disease [RR 2.5 (CI 1.8-3.4)]. Health care workers had lower risk for death and severe outcomes of disease (RR 0.1 (CI 0.1-0.3). Our meta-regression showed a decrease of the effect of some comorbidities on severity of disease with higher median age of study populations. Associations between comorbidities and hospitalisation and ICU admission were less strong than for death. Conclusions We obtained robust estimates on the magnitude of risk for COVID-19 hospitalisation, ICU admission, and death associated with comorbidities, demographic, and behavioural risk factors. We identified and confirmed population groups that are vulnerable and that require targeted prevention approaches. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.30.20165050v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.30.20165050 id: cord-305074-wz17u4e7 author: Fernandez, Javier title: Plasma Exchange: An Effective Rescue Therapy in Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection date: 2020-08-24 words: 2655.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305074-wz17u4e7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305074-wz17u4e7.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: Plasma exchange mitigates cytokine storm, reverses organ failure, and could improve survival in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 infection. We report a case series of four critically ill patients infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 www.ccmjournal.org XXX 2020 • Volume XX • Number XXX (SARS-CoV-2) successfully treated with plasma exchange. Upon suspicion of hyperinflammatory state due to cytokine storm and macrophage activation like syndrome, therapeutic plasma exchange was started on day 10. The patient condition improved in the following days: fever resolved 3 days following the fourth session of plasma exchange (day 19), renal, cardiac, and respiratory function normalized, and laboratory findings showed sustained improvement ( Fig. 1 Table 2 , Supplemental Digital Content 3, http://links.lww.com/CCM/F805). Fever resolved, cardiac and renal function normalized in few days, and regular laboratory tests ( Fig. 1 Table 2 , Supplemental Digital Content 3, http://links.lww.com/CCM/F805) and plasma cytokines also improved (Fig. 2) . abstract: Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 can induce uncontrolled systemic inflammation and multiple organ failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate if plasma exchange, through the removal of circulating mediators, can be used as rescue therapy in these patients. DESIGN: Single center case series. SETTING: Local study. SUBJECTS: Four critically ill adults with coronavirus disease 19 pneumonia that failed conventional interventions. INTERVENTIONS: Plasma exchange. Two to six sessions (1.2 plasma volumes). Human albumin (5%) was used as the main replacement fluid. Fresh frozen plasma and immunoglobulins were administered after each session to avoid coagulopathy and hypogammaglobulinemia. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Serum markers of inflammation and macrophage activation. All patients showed a dramatic reduction in inflammatory markers, including the main cytokines, and improved severity scores after plasma exchange. All survived to ICU admission. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma exchange mitigates cytokine storm, reverses organ failure, and could improve survival in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32833695/ doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004613 id: cord-004147-9bcq3jnm author: Fernando, Shannon M. title: New-onset atrial fibrillation and associated outcomes and resource use among critically ill adults—a multicenter retrospective cohort study date: 2020-01-13 words: 4162.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004147-9bcq3jnm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004147-9bcq3jnm.txt summary: title: New-onset atrial fibrillation and associated outcomes and resource use among critically ill adults—a multicenter retrospective cohort study CONCLUSIONS: While NOAF was not associated with death or requiring discharge to long-term care among critically ill patients, it was associated with increased length of stay in ICU and increased total costs. We primarily sought to evaluate the association between NOAF and outcomes, resource utilization, and costs among critically ill adult patients. However, NOAF was associated with higher hospital mortality among ICU patients with suspected infection (aOR 1.21 [95% CI 1.08-1.37]), sepsis (aOR 1.24 [95% CI 1.10-1.39]), and septic shock (aOR 1.28 [95% CI 1.14-1.44]). Among patients with NOAF, factors associated with increased risk of hospital mortality included increasing age, increased MODS score, history of CHF (as identified in the Data Warehouse), and sustained AF (Additional file 5: Table S5 ). abstract: BACKGROUND: New-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) is commonly encountered in critically ill adults. Evidence evaluating the association between NOAF and patient-important outcomes in this population is conflicting. Furthermore, little is known regarding the association between NOAF and resource use or hospital costs. METHODS: Retrospective analysis (2011–2016) of a prospectively collected registry from two Canadian hospitals of consecutive ICU patients aged ≥ 18 years. We excluded patients with a known history of AF prior to hospital admission. Any occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) was prospectively recorded by bedside nurses. The primary outcome was hospital mortality, and we used multivariable logistic regression to adjust for confounders. We used a generalized linear model to evaluate contributors to total cost. RESULTS: We included 15,014 patients, and 1541 (10.3%) had NOAF during their ICU admission. While NOAF was not associated with increased odds of hospital death among the entire cohort (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.02 [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97–1.08]), an interaction was noted between NOAF and sepsis, and the presence of both was associated with higher odds of hospital mortality (aOR 1.28 [95% CI 1.09–1.36]) than either alone. Patients with NOAF had higher total costs (cost ratio [CR] 1.09 [95% CI 1.02–1.20]). Among patients with NOAF, treatment with a rhythm-control strategy was associated with higher costs (CR 1.24 [95% CI 1.07–1.40]). CONCLUSIONS: While NOAF was not associated with death or requiring discharge to long-term care among critically ill patients, it was associated with increased length of stay in ICU and increased total costs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6958729/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-2730-0 id: cord-019043-cqmqwl3i author: Fidalgo, Pedro title: Chronic Kidney Disease in the Intensive Care Unit date: 2014-03-08 words: 8675.0 sentences: 409.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-019043-cqmqwl3i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-019043-cqmqwl3i.txt summary: The incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease are increasing, and these patients have a higher risk of developing critical illness and being admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) compared to the general population. Factors that have been shown to be associated with ICU mortality in ESRD patients are older age, higher illness severity score (i.e., APACHE II or SAPS II), burden of nonrenal organ dysfunction/failure, medical or nonsurgical admission type, and provision and duration of life-sustaining technologies (i.e., mechanical ventilation, vasopressor therapy). Synthetic colloids, such as hydroxyethyl starch (HES), have appeal for resuscitation fluids based on the premise that they attenuate the inflammatory response, mitigate endothelial barrier dysfunction, improve microcirculatory flow, and contribute to more rapid hemodynamic stabilization; however, accumulated data have now suggested use of these fluids in critical illness is associated with dosedependent risk for severe AKI requiring RRT, bleeding complications, and death (Box 32.2). abstract: The incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease are increasing, and these patients have a higher risk of developing critical illness and being admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) compared to the general population. The higher prevalence of comorbid disease puts this population at higher risk for worse short- and long-term outcomes following ICU admission compared to the general population, although short-term mortality seems to be determined largely by the acute illness severity rather than CKD status per se. The pathophysiologic changes accompanying CKD present unique challenges to the management of acute critical illness most notably volume and metabolic homeostasis and drug dosing adjustment. CKD is an important risk factor for the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) complicating critical illness and can predispose to further accelerated decline in kidney function among ICU survivors. Renal replacement therapy (RRT) support is frequently used in ICU settings, and continuous renal replacement therapy modality remains the most commonly used among critically ill patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124091/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-54637-2_32 id: cord-004268-raayrjmd author: Flattres, Aurelien title: Real-time shear wave ultrasound elastography: a new tool for the evaluation of diaphragm and limb muscle stiffness in critically ill patients date: 2020-02-03 words: 4591.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004268-raayrjmd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004268-raayrjmd.txt summary: title: Real-time shear wave ultrasound elastography: a new tool for the evaluation of diaphragm and limb muscle stiffness in critically ill patients METHODS: Two operators tested in healthy controls and in critically ill patients the intraand inter-operator reliability of the SWE using transversal and longitudinal views of the diaphragm and limb muscles. We therefore designed the present study with the aim of determining the reliability and reproducibility of SWE measurements for limb muscles and the diaphragm in both healthy subjects and in critically ill patients. This study shows that intra-and inter-operator reliability of shear modulus evaluation, a parameter of muscle quality in limb muscles and the diaphragm in both healthy controls and in critically ill patients, is excellent. No study has ever been performed to evaluate shear modulus measurement feasibility and reliability in the critically ill population at high risk of muscle edema. abstract: BACKGROUND: Muscle weakness following critical illness is the consequence of loss of muscle mass and alteration of muscle quality. It is associated with long-term disability. Ultrasonography is a reliable tool to quantify muscle mass, but studies that evaluate muscle quality at the critically ill bedside are lacking. Shear wave ultrasound elastography (SWE) provides spatial representation of soft tissue stiffness and measures of muscle quality. The reliability and reproducibility of SWE in critically ill patients has never been evaluated. METHODS: Two operators tested in healthy controls and in critically ill patients the intra- and inter-operator reliability of the SWE using transversal and longitudinal views of the diaphragm and limb muscles. Reliability was calculated using the intra-class correlation coefficient and a bootstrap sampling method assessed their consistency. RESULTS: We collected 560 images. Longitudinal views of the diaphragm (ICC 0.83 [0.50–0.94]), the biceps brachii (ICC 0.88 [0.67–0.96]) and the rectus femoris (ICC 0.76 [0.34–0.91]) were the most reliable views in a training set of healthy controls. Intra-class correlation coefficient for inter-operator reproducibility and intra-operator reliability was above 0.9 for all muscles in a validation set of healthy controls. In critically ill patients, inter-operator reproducibility and intra-operator 1 and 2 reliability ICCs were respectively 0.92 [0.71–0.98], 0.93 [0.82–0.98] and 0.92 [0.81–0.98] for the diaphragm; 0.96 [0.86–0.99], 0.98 [0.94–0.99] and 0.99 [0.96–1] for the biceps brachii and 0.91 [0.51–0.98], 0.97 [0.93–0.99] and 0.99 [0.97–1] for the rectus femoris. The probability to reach intra-class correlation coefficient greater than 0.8 in a 10,000 bootstrap sampling for inter-operator reproducibility was respectively 81%, 84% and 78% for the diaphragm, the biceps brachii and the rectus femoris respectively. CONCLUSIONS: SWE is a reliable technique to evaluate limb muscles and the diaphragm in both healthy controls and in critically ill patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered (ClinicalTrial NCT03550222). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6998330/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-2745-6 id: cord-351735-x1lng449 author: Flikweert, Antine W. title: Late histopathologic characteristics of critically ill COVID-19 patients: Different phenotypes without evidence of invasive aspergillosis, a case series date: 2020-07-08 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: PURPOSE: Pathological data of critical ill COVID-19 patients is essential in the search for optimal treatment options. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed postmortem needle core lung biopsies in seven patients with COVID-19 related ARDS. Clinical, radiological and microbiological characteristics are reported together with histopathological findings. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS: Patients age ranged from 58 to 83 years, five males and two females were included. Time from hospital admission to death ranged from 12 to 36 days, with a mean of 20 ventilated days. ICU stay was complicated by pulmonary embolism in five patients and positive galactomannan on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in six patients, suggesting COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis. Chest CT in all patients showed ground glass opacities, commonly progressing to nondependent consolidations. We observed four distinct histopathological patterns: acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia, diffuse alveolar damage, fibrosis and, in four out of seven patients an organizing pneumonia. None of the biopsy specimens showed any signs of invasive aspergillosis. CONCLUSIONS: In this case series common late histopathology in critically ill COVID patients is not classic DAD but heterogeneous with predominant pattern of organizing pneumonia. Postmortem biopsy investigations in critically COVID-19 patients with probable COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis obtained no evidence for invasive aspergillosis. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883944120306031?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.07.002 id: cord-256746-ggnd8y06 author: Flythe, Jennifer E. title: Characteristics and Outcomes of Individuals With Pre-existing Kidney Disease and COVID-19 Admitted to Intensive Care Units in the United States date: 2020-09-19 words: 4368.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256746-ggnd8y06.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256746-ggnd8y06.txt summary: PREDICTOR(S): Presence (versus absence) of pre-existing kidney disease OUTCOME(S): In-hospital mortality (primary); respiratory failure, shock, ventricular arrhythmia/ cardiac arrest, thromboembolic event, major bleed, and acute liver injury (secondary) ANALYTICAL APPROACH: We used standardized differences to compare patient characteristics (values >0.10 indicate a meaningful difference between groups) and multivariable adjusted Fine and Gray survival models to examine outcome associations. In this study of over 4,200 critically ill adult patients admitted to 68 U.S. ICUs with COVID-19, we found that having pre-existing kidney disease was associated with higher inhospital mortality rates, with the strength of this association varying by degree of baseline kidney dysfunction. Association between pre-existing kidney disease and 14-day in-hospital outcomes among critically ill COVID-19 patients J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Supplemental Table S8 . abstract: RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Underlying kidney disease is an emerging risk factor for more severe COVID-19 illness. We examined the clinical courses of critically ill COVID-19 patients with and without pre-existing kidney disease and investigated the association between degree of underlying kidney disease and in-hospital outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study SETTINGS & PARTICIPANTS: 4,264 critically ill COVID-19 patients (143 dialysis patients, 521 chronic kidney disease [CKD] patients, and 3,600 patients without CKD) admitted to ICUs at 68 hospitals in the United States. PREDICTOR(S): Presence (versus absence) of pre-existing kidney disease OUTCOME(S): In-hospital mortality (primary); respiratory failure, shock, ventricular arrhythmia/ cardiac arrest, thromboembolic event, major bleed, and acute liver injury (secondary) ANALYTICAL APPROACH: We used standardized differences to compare patient characteristics (values >0.10 indicate a meaningful difference between groups) and multivariable adjusted Fine and Gray survival models to examine outcome associations. RESULTS: Dialysis patients had a shorter time from symptom onset to ICU admission compared to other groups (median [quartile 1-quartile 3] days: 4 [2-9] for dialysis patients; 7 [3-10] for CKD patients; 7 [4-10] for patients without pre-existing kidney disease). More dialysis patients (25%) reported altered mental status than those with CKD (20%, standardized difference = 0.12) and no kidney disease (12%, standardized difference = 0.36). Half of dialysis and CKD patients died within 28-days of ICU admission versus 35% of patients without pre-existing kidney disease. Compared to patients without pre-existing kidney disease, dialysis patients had a higher risk of 28-day in-hospital death (adjusted HR 1.41; 95% CI 1.09, 1.81), while patients with CKD had an intermediate risk (adjusted HR 1.25; 95% CI 1.08, 1.44). LIMITATIONS: Potential residual confounding CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the high mortality of individuals with underlying kidney disease and severe COVID-19, underscoring the importance of identifying safe and effective COVID-19 therapies for this vulnerable population. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272638620309999?v=s5 doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.09.003 id: cord-016498-j72vrvqf author: Fong, I. W. title: Issues in Community-Acquired Pneumonia date: 2020-03-07 words: 8280.0 sentences: 372.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-016498-j72vrvqf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-016498-j72vrvqf.txt summary: In a recent study of 70 children <5 years of age hospitalized for CAP without an identifiable etiology and 90 asymptomatic controls, metagenomics [next-generation sequencing] and pan-viral PCR were able to identify a putative pathogen in 34% of unidentifiable cases from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs [18] . More recently in Britain, 325 adult patients with confirmed pneumonia admitted to two tertiary-care hospitals had cultures and comprehensive molecular testing [multiplex real-time PCR for 26 respiratory viruses and bacteria] from sputum [96%] and endotracheal aspirate [4% or 13 cases] [32] . Incidence of respiratory viral infections detected by PCR and real-time PCR in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis Severe thinness is associated with mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective observational study Effect of corticosteroids on treatment failure among hospitalized patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia and high inflammatory response: a randomized clinical trial abstract: Pneumonia is one of the most commonly diagnosed infectious diseases and is the third most frequent cause of death worldwide. Accurate statistics of community-acquired pneumonia incidence globally or in countries of various regions are lacking. Although the clinical diagnosis of pneumonia is not difficult, the etiology diagnosis to guide targeted specific antimicrobial therapy still poses a challenge even with novel molecular methods. This has led to different approaches and guidelines for the empiric treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, often with broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents which may play a role in fostering the worldwide development of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Severe community-acquired pneumonia, seen mainly at the extremes of age and in persons with chronic underlying diseases, is associated with high mortality of 20–40%. Pneumonia severity tools, such as CURB-65, have been developed over the past decade to assist emergency department physicians to recognize, admit, and implement rapid antimicrobial therapy in severely ill patients. The evidence for the beneficial effects of these tools will be reviewed in this chapter. Issues in the management of severe community-acquired pneumonia that are discussed include: combination with newer macrolides [irrespective of microbial etiology], value of adjunctive therapy such as corticosteroids and statins. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120789/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-36966-8_3 id: cord-285381-6e9umbpi author: Fort, Daniel title: Locally Informed Modeling to Predict Hospital and Intensive Care Unit Capacity During the COVID-19 Epidemic date: 2020 words: 2896.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285381-6e9umbpi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285381-6e9umbpi.txt summary: Methods: We developed a susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model that was adopted from the University of Pennsylvania COVID-19 Hospital Impact Model for Epidemics and employed at 8 hospitals within Ochsner Health, the largest integrated delivery system in Louisiana, between March 16 and April 15, 2020. During the uncertainty of the early phase of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, hospitals and health system leaders faced the urgent task of translating the unknown into forecasting models of acute care, critical care, and ventilator capacity. This report describes the development of a simplified COVID-19 forecasting tool that was derived from the CHIME concepts, demonstrates the validity of our early modeling using real-world hospital census data, and shows how the tool was used to make operational decisions for a large health system in one of the COVID-19 epicenters. Figure 2 displays the follow-up forecast and subsequent observed ICU/ventilator census and expanded bed capacity after real-time hospital data were acquired. abstract: Background: In the early phases of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, health system leaders faced the urgent task of translating the unknown into forecasting models for hospital capacity. Our study objective was to demonstrate the application of a practical, locally informed model to estimate the hospital capacity needed even though the community COVID-19 caseload was unknown. Methods: We developed a susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model that was adopted from the University of Pennsylvania COVID-19 Hospital Impact Model for Epidemics and employed at 8 hospitals within Ochsner Health, the largest integrated delivery system in Louisiana, between March 16 and April 15, 2020. Intensive care unit (ICU) admissions of cases in the New Orleans area were used to estimate the community case load when testing was delayed. Results: Initially, the observed ICU census trended near R(0)=2.0, whereas the ventilator census trended between R(0)=2.0 and 3.0. After implementing social distancing, both the ICU and ventilator capacity trended toward R(0)=1.3, while non-ICU medical/surgical beds trended toward R(0)=1.5. The model accurately predicted peak ICU (n=250) and hospital bed (n=487) usage by April 6, 2020. In response to model trends, Ochsner added 130 ICU beds across its hospitals by opening a new ICU and converting operating rooms and parts of emergency departments to ICU beds. Conclusion: When disease testing is limited or results are delayed, ICU admissions data can inform SIR models of the rate of spread of COVID-19 in a community. Our model used various R(0) plots to demonstrate an array of scenarios to guide planning for hospital and political leaders. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33071661/ doi: 10.31486/toj.20.0073 id: cord-295712-35i0mhz4 author: Fox, Gregory J title: Modelling the impact of COVID‐19 on intensive care services in New South Wales date: 2020-05-08 words: 783.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295712-35i0mhz4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295712-35i0mhz4.txt summary: A modelling group at Imperial College London, a WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, has modelled the effect of different mitigation policies upon peak healthcare demand. We applied the outcomes of the Imperial College model to the population of NSW, accounting for local demographic distribution. The trajectory of the epidemic, and the magnitude of peak ICU demand will be highly dependent upon the effectiveness of mitigation strategies. Further modelling is needed to inform resource planning for the COVID-19 epidemic in Australia, including for critical care services. 8,9 Figure 1 Table 2 shows the estimated cumulative hospitalisations, ICU admissions and deaths in one Local Health District (Sydney LHD) under an optimal mitigation scenario comprising case isolation, household quarantine and social distancing of over 70 year-olds. The timing and magnitude of the peak demand will be strongly dependent upon the effectiveness of mitigation strategies. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32383153/ doi: 10.5694/mja2.50606 id: cord-344641-rog2h4g7 author: Franco, Cosimo title: Feasibility and clinical impact of out-of-ICU non-invasive respiratory support in patients with COVID-19 related pneumonia date: 2020-08-03 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) outbreak spread rapidly in Italy and the lack of intensive care unit(ICU) beds soon became evident, forcing the application of noninvasive respiratory support(NRS) outside the ICU, raising concerns over staff contamination. We aimed to analyse the safety of the hospital staff, the feasibility, and outcomes of NRS applied to patients outside the ICU. METHODS: In this observational study, data from 670 consecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19 referred to the Pulmonology Units in nine hospitals between March 1st and May 10th,2020 were analysed. Data were collected including medication, mode and usage of the NRS (i.e. high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), noninvasive ventilation(NIV)), length of stay in hospital, endotracheal intubation(ETI) and deaths. RESULTS: Forty-two health-care workers (11.4%) tested positive for infection, but only three of them required hospitalisation. Data are reported for all patients (69.3% male), whose mean age was 68 (sd 13) years. The PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio at baseline was 152±79, and the majority of patients (49.3%) were treated with CPAP. The overall unadjusted 30-day mortality rate was 26.9% with 16%, 30%, and 30%, while the total ETI rate was 27% with 29%, 25% and 28%, for HFNC, CPAP, and NIV, respectively, and the relative probability to die was not related to the NRS used after adjustment for confounders. ETI and length of stay were not different among the groups. Mortality rate increased with age and comorbidity class progression. CONCLUSIONS: The application of NRS outside the ICU is feasible and associated with favourable outcomes. Nonetheless, it was associated with a risk of staff contamination. url: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02130-2020 doi: 10.1183/13993003.02130-2020 id: cord-325700-f102uk2m author: Fraser, Douglas D. title: Metabolomics Profiling of Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients: Identification of Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers date: 2020-10-21 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: OBJECTIVES: Coronavirus disease 2019 continues to spread rapidly with high mortality. We performed metabolomics profiling of critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients to understand better the underlying pathologic processes and pathways, and to identify potential diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers. DESIGN: Blood was collected at predetermined ICU days to measure the plasma concentrations of 162 metabolites using both direct injection-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. SETTING: Tertiary-care ICU and academic laboratory. SUBJECTS: Patients admitted to the ICU suspected of being infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, using standardized hospital screening methodologies, had blood samples collected until either testing was confirmed negative on ICU day 3 (coronavirus disease 2019 negative) or until ICU day 10 if the patient tested positive (coronavirus disease 2019 positive). INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Age- and sex-matched healthy controls and ICU patients that were either coronavirus disease 2019 positive or coronavirus disease 2019 negative were enrolled. Cohorts were well balanced with the exception that coronavirus disease 2019 positive patients suffered bilateral pneumonia more frequently than coronavirus disease 2019 negative patients. Mortality rate for coronavirus disease 2019 positive ICU patients was 40%. Feature selection identified the top-performing metabolites for identifying coronavirus disease 2019 positive patients from healthy control subjects and was dominated by increased kynurenine and decreased arginine, sarcosine, and lysophosphatidylcholines. Arginine/kynurenine ratio alone provided 100% classification accuracy between coronavirus disease 2019 positive patients and healthy control subjects (p = 0.0002). When comparing the metabolomes between coronavirus disease 2019 positive and coronavirus disease 2019 negative patients, kynurenine was the dominant metabolite and the arginine/kynurenine ratio provided 98% classification accuracy (p = 0.005). Feature selection identified creatinine as the top metabolite for predicting coronavirus disease 2019-associated mortality on both ICU days 1 and 3, and both creatinine and creatinine/arginine ratio accurately predicted coronavirus disease 2019-associated death with 100% accuracy (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Metabolomics profiling with feature classification easily distinguished both healthy control subjects and coronavirus disease 2019 negative patients from coronavirus disease 2019 positive patients. Arginine/kynurenine ratio accurately identified coronavirus disease 2019 status, whereas creatinine/arginine ratio accurately predicted coronavirus disease 2019-associated death. Administration of tryptophan (kynurenine precursor), arginine, sarcosine, and/or lysophosphatidylcholines may be considered as potential adjunctive therapies. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/cce.0000000000000272 doi: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000272 id: cord-027811-vk3qnumx author: Freedberg, Daniel E. title: Impact of Fiber-Based Enteral Nutrition on the Gut Microbiome of ICU Patients Receiving Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics: A Randomized Pilot Trial date: 2020-06-11 words: 3836.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-027811-vk3qnumx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-027811-vk3qnumx.txt summary: title: Impact of Fiber-Based Enteral Nutrition on the Gut Microbiome of ICU Patients Receiving Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics: A Randomized Pilot Trial CONCLUSIONS: Enteral fiber was associated with nonsignificant trends toward increased relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid–producing bacteria and increased short-chain fatty acid levels among ICU patients receiving broad-spectrum IV antibiotics. This pilot study was designed to test the hypothesis that fiber-based enteral nutrition increases the levels of SCFA-producing bacteria and SCFA levels in ICU patients receiving broad-spectrum IV antibiotics, with a goal of generating effect size estimates that could be used as the basis for future studies involving fiber. A study testing 7 days of 7 g/d inulin versus maltodextrin supplementation in 22 ICU adults initiating enteral nutrition found no difference in fecal abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii or Bifidobacteria, or in fecal SCFA levels (24) . abstract: OBJECTIVES: Dietary fiber increases the abundance of bacteria that metabolize fiber into short-chain fatty acids and confers resistance against gut colonization with multidrug-resistant bacteria. This pilot trial estimated the effect of fiber on gut short-chain fatty acid–producing bacteria in the ICU. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled, open label trial. SETTING: Medical ICU. PATIENTS: Twenty ICU adults receiving broad-spectrum IV antibiotics for sepsis. INTERVENTION: 1:1 randomization to enteral nutrition with mixed soy- and oat-derived fiber (14.3 g fiber/L) versus calorie- and micronutrient-identical enteral nutrition with 0 g/L fiber. MEASUREMENTS: Rectal swabs and whole stools were collected at baseline and on study Days 3, 7, 14, and 30. The primary outcome was within-individual change in the cumulative relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid–producing taxa from baseline to Day 3 based on 16S sequencing of rectal swabs. The secondary outcome was Day 3 cumulative short-chain fatty acid levels based on mass spectrometry of whole stools. Analyses were all intent to treat. MAIN RESULTS: By Day 3, the fiber group received a median of 32.1 g fiber cumulatively (interquartile range, 17.6–54.6) versus 0 g fiber (interquartile range, 0–4.0) in the no fiber group. The median within-individual change in short-chain fatty acid producer relative abundance from baseline to Day 3 was +61% (interquartile range −51 to +1,688) in the fiber group versus −46% (interquartile range, −78 to +13) in the no fiber group (p = 0.28). Whole stool short-chain fatty acid levels on Day 3 were a median of 707 μg short-chain fatty acids/g stool (interquartile range, 190–7,265) in the fiber group versus 118 μg short-chain fatty acids/g stool (interquartile range, 22–1,195) in the no fiber group (p = 0.16). CONCLUSIONS: Enteral fiber was associated with nonsignificant trends toward increased relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid–producing bacteria and increased short-chain fatty acid levels among ICU patients receiving broad-spectrum IV antibiotics. Larger studies should be undertaken and our results can be used for effect size estimates. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7314333/ doi: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000135 id: cord-351943-ouukwv73 author: Frobert, Emilie title: Respiratory viruses in children admitted to hospital intensive care units: Evaluating the CLART® Pneumovir DNA array, , date: 2010-11-24 words: 3486.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351943-ouukwv73.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351943-ouukwv73.txt summary: The CLART® Pneumovir DNA array was useful for examining severe viral respiratory infections, when other viruses than those detected by conventional methods could be involved, particularly in an ICU. The CLART 1 Pneumovir DNA array was useful for examining severe viral respiratory infections, when other viruses than those detected by conventional methods could be involved, particularly in an ICU. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequently reported virus in infants admitted to hospital, but many other viral agents can be associated with acute respiratory infections [Mentel et al., 2005; Freymuth et al., 2006] . The CLART 1 Pneumovir DNA array assay (Genomica, Coslada, Madrid, Spain) detects and characterizes the most frequent human viruses causing respiratory symptoms in a total of 8 hr after nucleic acid extraction. But there was no difference in distress severity between single and multiple infections when HBoV was detected (P ¼ 0.5), probably because of the low number of cases (n ¼ 8). abstract: Viruses play a significant part in children's respiratory infections, sometimes leading to hospitalization in cases of severe respiratory distress. The aim of this study was to investigate respiratory infections in children treated in a hospital intensive care unit (ICU). Assays were performed using the CLART® Pneumovir DNA array assay (Genomica, Coslada, Madrid, Spain), which makes it possible to detect 11 genus of respiratory viruses simultaneously. During the winter of 2008–2009, 73 respiratory specimens collected from 53 children under 2 years of age and admitted to an ICU were tested. At least one virus was detected in 78% (57/73) of the samples. The virological diagnosis was based on single infections in 65% (37/57) and on multiple infections in 35% (20/57) of cases. The array assay revealed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in 73.6% (42/57) of the samples and rhinovirus in 24.6% (14/57), either on their own or in co‐infections. All viruses identified in single and multiple infections were tested, taking into account clinical features, risk factors, and severity criteria. Children with no risk factors presented more multiple infections, up to 42% of cases, than children with at least one risk factor. RSV seemed to induce severe symptoms by itself as no difference in intubation needs was observed when RSV was detected on its own or in co‐infection. The CLART® Pneumovir DNA array was useful for examining severe viral respiratory infections, when other viruses than those detected by conventional methods could be involved, particularly in an ICU. J. Med. Virol. 83:150–155, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.21932 doi: 10.1002/jmv.21932 id: cord-282958-9bi6pobg author: Ganem, Fabiana title: The impact of early social distancing at COVID-19 Outbreak in the largest Metropolitan Area of Brazil. date: 2020-04-08 words: 1678.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282958-9bi6pobg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282958-9bi6pobg.txt summary: To tackle the spread of disease, a range of interventions have been implemented in China, including increasing test capacity, rapid isolation of suspected and confirmed cases and their contacts, social distancing measures, as well as restricting mobility (6) . The first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Brazil was on February 26th in the city of São Paulo and, since March 17th, the state of São Paulo has recommended a series of social distancing measures. Considering the significant expected burden of the COVID-19 pandemic, nonpharmacological interventions are necessary to flatten the epidemic curve and prepare the public response to the shortage of ICU beds and healthcare workers needed to treat critically ill patients (4). We evaluated the impact of early social distancing measures in the transmission of COVID-19 in the SPMA, and projected the number of ICU beds necessary for COVID-19 patients in Brazil. abstract: We evaluated the impact of early social distancing on the COVID-19 transmission in the Sao Paulo metropolitan area. Using an age-stratified SEIR model, we determined the time-dependent reproductive number, and forecasted the ICU beds necessary to tackle this epidemic. Within 60 days, these measures might prevent 89,133 deaths. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.06.20055103 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.06.20055103 id: cord-276782-3fpmatkb author: Garbey, M. title: A Model of Workflow in the Hospital During a Pandemic to Assist Management date: 2020-05-02 words: 5717.0 sentences: 295.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276782-3fpmatkb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276782-3fpmatkb.txt summary: The objective is to assist management in anticipating the load of each care unit, such as the ICU, or ordering supplies, such as personal protective equipment, but also to retrieve key parameters that measure the performance of the health system facing a new crisis. In some hospitals, the floor might be shared by patients who are 92 recovering from COVID-19 and palliative care patients.Despite this, we will separate 93 these functional units in our model to clarify the workflow process according to what 94 each patient stage requires in terms of resources and time to deliver adequate care. Number of Staff required at each care unit per beds in reference to the Workflow of Figure 1 Let us describe the data set we are using to construct our model. abstract: We present a computational model of workflow in the hospital during a pandemic. The objective is to assist management in anticipating the load of each care unit, such as the ICU, or ordering supplies, such as personal protective equipment, but also to retrieve key parameters that measure the performance of the health system facing a new crisis. The model was fitted with good accuracy to France's data set that gives information on hospitalized patients and is provided online by the French government. The goal of this work is both practical in offering hospital management a tool to deal with the present crisis of COVID-19 and offering a conceptual illustration of the benefit of computational science during a pandemic. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.28.20083154v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.28.20083154 id: cord-309294-ax6sr3zr author: Garrigues, Eve title: Post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life after hospitalization for COVID-19 date: 2020-08-25 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32853602/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.029 id: cord-252286-377y9aqx author: Gauss, Tobias title: Preliminary pragmatic lessons from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic from France date: 2020-05-13 words: 2161.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252286-377y9aqx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252286-377y9aqx.txt summary: Abstract The first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic required an unprecedented and historic increase in critical care capacity on a global scale in France. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic requires an unprecedented and historic increase in critical care capacity on a global scale. The ongoing fight against the pandemic and potential resurgence of the virus made it compelling for the authors to share specific concepts for the management of critical care surge capacity. One particularity of any exceptional situation (mass casualty, pandemic, etc.) is the activation of a structured crisis mode during which authority lies within the crisis committee, relying on a chain of command and clearly defined principles of control. ICU/HDU capacities management required conscious effort to preserve protected space for non-SARS-CoV-2 critical care and respond to the evolving situation. Training was essential to prepare healthcare professionals in the first days of the pandemic for PPE use, airway management, cleaning, cardiac arrest, etc. abstract: Abstract The first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic required an unprecedented and historic increase in critical care capacity on a global scale in France. Authors and members from the ACUTE and REANIMATION committees of the French Society of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care (SFAR) wished to share experience and insights gained during the first weeks of this pandemic. These were summarised following the World Health Organisation Response Checklist and detailed according to the subsequent subheadings: 1. Command and Control, 2. Communication, 3. Safety and Security, 4. Triage, 5. Surge Capacity, 6. Continuity of essential services, 7. Human resources, 8. Logistics and supply management, 9. Training/Preparation, 10. Psychological comfort for patients and next of kin, 11. Learning and 12. Post disaster recovery. These experience-based recommendations, consensual across all members from both committees of our national society, establish a practical framework for medical teams, either spared by the first wave of severe COVID patients or preparing for the second one. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32405518/ doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.05.005 id: cord-284526-a5kgo4ct author: Gavriilaki, Eleni title: Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Lessons Learned from Coronaviruses date: 2020-08-27 words: 6004.0 sentences: 319.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284526-a5kgo4ct.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284526-a5kgo4ct.txt summary: Experience from previous coronaviruses has triggered hypotheses on the role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which are currently being tested in preclinical and clinical studies. Recent evidence suggests that signs and symptoms of severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection resemble the clinical phenotype of endothelial dysfunction and share mutual pathophysiological mechanisms [1] . Experience from previous coronaviruses has triggered studies testing hypotheses on the role of the endothelial dysfunction in patients with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Α high rate of VTE (43%, mainly PE) overall was reported in another series of 150 ICU patients in which patients with COVID-19associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) had higher rates of thrombotic complications compared with non-COVID-19-ARDS [65] . Autoantibodies against human epithelial cells and endothelial cells after severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus infection abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review current literature on endothelial dysfunction with previous coronaviruses, and present available data on the role of endothelial dysfunction in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection in terms of pathophysiology and clinical phenotype RECENT FINDINGS: Recent evidence suggests that signs and symptoms of severe COVID-19 infection resemble the clinical phenotype of endothelial dysfunction, implicating mutual pathophysiological pathways. Dysfunction of endothelial cells is believed to mediate a variety of viral infections, including those caused by previous coronaviruses. Experience from previous coronaviruses has triggered hypotheses on the role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which are currently being tested in preclinical and clinical studies. SUMMARY: Endothelial dysfunction is the common denominator of multiple clinical aspects of severe COVID-19 infection that have been problematic for treating physicians. Given the global impact of this pandemic, better understanding of the pathophysiology could significantly affect management of patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-020-01078-6 doi: 10.1007/s11906-020-01078-6 id: cord-325021-rv5fsitx author: Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto title: Bloodstream infections in critically ill patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-14 words: 2695.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325021-rv5fsitx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325021-rv5fsitx.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the incidence and risk of intensive care unit (ICU)‐acquired bloodstream infections (BSI) in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). While the demographics, clinical characteristics, and overall survival of patients with COVID-19 admitted to ICU have been already extensively characterized by large reports from several parts of the word, little is still known about non-viral infectious complications such as bacterial or fungal bloodstream infections (BSI), that may participate in adversely influencing the outcome of any ICU-admitted patient 6, 7 . In the present study, we aimed to retrospectively assess the incidence rate, cumulative risk, predictors, and survival of ICU-acquired BSI in patients with COVID-19 admitted to two ICUs in a large teaching hospital in Northern Italy, one of the most affected areas in Europe to date 8 . abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the incidence and risk of intensive care unit (ICU)‐acquired bloodstream infections (BSI) in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective, single‐centre study was conducted in Northern Italy. The primary study objectives were: (i) to assess the incidence rate of ICU‐acquired BSI; (ii) to assess the cumulative risk of developing ICU‐acquired BSI. RESULTS: Overall 78 critically ill patients with COVID‐19 were included in the study. Forty‐five episodes of ICU‐acquired BSI were registered in 31 patients, with an incidence rate of 47 episodes (95% confidence interval [CI] 35‐63) per 1000 patient‐days at risk. The estimated cumulative risk of developing at least one BSI episode was of almost 25% after 15 days at risk, and possibly surpassing 50% after 30 days at risk. In multivariable analysis, anti‐inflammatory treatment was independently associated with the development of BSI (cause‐specific hazard ratio [csHR] 1.07 with 95% CI 0.38‐3.04 for tocilizumab, csHR 3.95 with 95% CI 1.20‐13.03 for methylprednisolone, and csHR 10.69 with 95% CI 2.71‐42.17 for methylprednisolone plus tocilizumab, with no anti‐inflammatory treatment as the reference group; overall p for the dummy variable = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rate of BSI was high, and the cumulative risk of developing BSI increased with ICU stay. Further study will clarify if the increased risk of BSI we detected in COVID‐19 patients treated with anti‐inflammatory drugs is outweighed by the benefits of reducing any possible proinflammatory dysregulation induced by SARS‐CoV‐2. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.13319 doi: 10.1111/eci.13319 id: cord-266935-bkan3mwy author: Giannakoulis, Vassilis G. title: Effect of Cancer on Clinical Outcomes of Patients With COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis of Patient Data date: 2020-06-08 words: 2879.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266935-bkan3mwy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266935-bkan3mwy.txt summary: We aimed to quantify the effect (if any) of the presence as opposed to absence of cancer on important clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 by carrying out a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, medRxiv, COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19), and references of relevant articles up to April 27, 2020, to identify observational studies comparing patients with versus without cancer infected with COVID-19 and to report on mortality and/or need for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). 2 We therefore aimed to quantify the effect (if any) of the presence as opposed to absence of cancer on important clinical outcomes, such as mortality and need for admission in the intensive care unit (ICU), of patients with COVID-19 by carrying out a systematic review and meta-analysis. abstract: PURPOSE: Whether cancer is associated with worse prognosis among patients with COVID-19 is unknown. We aimed to quantify the effect (if any) of the presence as opposed to absence of cancer on important clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 by carrying out a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, medRxiv, COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19), and references of relevant articles up to April 27, 2020, to identify observational studies comparing patients with versus without cancer infected with COVID-19 and to report on mortality and/or need for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). We calculated pooled risk ratios (RR) and 95% CIs with a random-effects model. The meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020181531). RESULTS: A total of 32 studies involving 46,499 patients (1,776 patients with cancer) with COVID-19 from Asia, Europe, and the United States were included. All-cause mortality was higher in patients with versus those without cancer (2,034 deaths; RR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.33 to 2.07; P < .0001; 8 studies with 37,807 patients). The need for ICU admission was also more likely in patients with versus without cancer (3,220 events; RR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.31 to 1.87; P < .0001; 26 studies with 15,375 patients). However, in a prespecified subgroup analysis of patients > 65 years of age, all-cause mortality was comparable between those with versus without cancer (915 deaths; RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.41; P = .71; 8 studies with 5,438 patients). CONCLUSION: The synthesized evidence suggests that cancer is associated with worse clinical outcomes among patients with COVID-19. However, elderly patients with cancer may not be at increased risk of death when infected with COVID-19. These findings may inform discussions of clinicians with patients about prognosis and may guide health policies. url: https://doi.org/10.1200/go.20.00225 doi: 10.1200/go.20.00225 id: cord-000891-5r2in1gw author: Giannella, Maddalena title: Should lower respiratory tract secretions from intensive care patients be systematically screened for influenza virus during the influenza season? date: 2012-06-14 words: 4115.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-000891-5r2in1gw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-000891-5r2in1gw.txt summary: Suspected and unsuspected cases were compared, and significant differences were found for age (53 versus 69 median years), severe respiratory failure (68.8% versus 20%), surgery (6.3% versus 60%), median days of ICU stay before diagnosis (1 versus 4), nosocomial infection (18.8% versus 66.7%), cough (93.8% versus 53.3%), localized infiltrate on chest radiograph (6.3% versus 40%), median days to antiviral treatment (2 versus 9), pneumonia (93.8% versus 53.3%), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (75% versus 26.7%). The variables recorded were age, sex, classification of the severity of underlying conditions according to the Charlson comorbidity index [6] , type of ICU, date and cause of ICU admission, APACHE II score [7] on admission to the ICU, date of onset of influenza symptoms, clinical manifestations and radiologic findings at diagnosis, date of TA sample collection, other samples tested for influenza and result, date of initiation of antiviral treatment, complications (septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)), outcome including mortality within 30 days after influenza diagnosis, and length of ICU and hospital stay. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Influenza is easily overlooked in intensive care units (ICUs), particularly in patients with alternative causes of respiratory failure or in those who acquire influenza during their ICU stay. METHODS: We performed a prospective study of patients admitted to three adult ICUs of our hospital from December 2010 to February 2011. All tracheal aspirate (TA) samples sent to the microbiology department were systematically screened for influenza. We defined influenza as unsuspected if testing was not requested and the patient was not receiving empirical antiviral therapy after sample collection. RESULTS: We received TA samples from 105 patients. Influenza was detected in 31 patients and was classified as unsuspected in 15 (48.4%) patients, and as hospital acquired in 13 (42%) patients. Suspected and unsuspected cases were compared, and significant differences were found for age (53 versus 69 median years), severe respiratory failure (68.8% versus 20%), surgery (6.3% versus 60%), median days of ICU stay before diagnosis (1 versus 4), nosocomial infection (18.8% versus 66.7%), cough (93.8% versus 53.3%), localized infiltrate on chest radiograph (6.3% versus 40%), median days to antiviral treatment (2 versus 9), pneumonia (93.8% versus 53.3%), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (75% versus 26.7%). Multivariate analysis showed admission to the surgical ICU (odds ratio (OR), 37.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.1 to 666.6; P = 0.01) and localized infiltrate on chest radiograph (OR, 27.8; 95% CI, 1.3 to 584.1; P = 0.03) to be independent risk factors for unsuspected influenza. Overall mortality at 30 days was 29%. ICU admission for severe respiratory failure was an independent risk factor for poor outcome. CONCLUSION: During the influenza season, almost one third of critical patients with suspected lower respiratory tract infection had influenza, and in 48.4%, the influenza was unsuspected. Lower respiratory samples from adult ICUs should be systematically screened for influenza during seasonal epidemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3580661/ doi: 10.1186/cc11387 id: cord-350240-bmppif8g author: Girardi, Paolo title: Robust inference for nonlinear regression models from the Tsallis score: application to COVID‐19 contagion in Italy date: 2020-08-12 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: We discuss an approach of robust fitting on nonlinear regression models, both in a frequentist and a Bayesian approach, which can be employed to model and predict the contagion dynamics of COVID‐19 in Italy. The focus is on the analysis of epidemic data using robust dose‐response curves, but the functionality is applicable to arbitrary nonlinear regression models. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/sta4.309 doi: 10.1002/sta4.309 id: cord-287628-lzqsh3jf author: Gomersall, Charles D. title: Transmission of SARS to healthcare workers. The experience of a Hong Kong ICU date: 2006-02-25 words: 2608.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287628-lzqsh3jf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287628-lzqsh3jf.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: In an ICU in which infection control procedures are rigorously applied, the risk to staff of contracting SARS from patients is low, despite long staff exposure times and a sub-standard physical environment. Conclusions: In an ICU in which infection control procedures are rigorously applied, the risk to staff of contracting SARS from patients is low, despite long staff If our protective measures were effective when fully developed and rigorously applied, then the logical con-clusion is that intensive care units should have strategies in place to prevent infection of healthcare workers; all staff should be fully aware of the procedures and be fully trained in the use of protective equipment. In summary, our data indicate that, with infection control measures, the risk to ICU healthcare workers of acquiring SARS is low, despite prolonged exposure to patients with SARS. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the extent and temporal pattern of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) to intensive care unit staff. DESIGN: Retrospective observational cohort study. SETTING: University hospital intensive care unit, caring solely for patients with SARS or suspected to have SARS. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-five doctors and 152 nurses and healthcare assistants who worked in the ICU during the SARS epidemic. Interventions: Infection control measures designed to prevent transmission of disease to staff were implemented. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Sixty-seven patients with SARS were admitted to the intensive care unit. Four nurses and one healthcare assistant contracted SARS, with three of these developing symptoms within 10 days of admission of the first patient with SARS. Doctors were exposed to patients with SARS for a median (IQR) of 284 (97–376) h, while nurses and healthcare assistants were exposed for a median (IQR) of 119 (57–166) h. The ICU did not meet international standards for physical space or ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: In an ICU in which infection control procedures are rigorously applied, the risk to staff of contracting SARS from patients is low, despite long staff exposure times and a sub-standard physical environment. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The electronic reference of this article is http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-006-0081-1 The online full-text version of this article includes electronic supplementary material. This material is available to authorised users and can be accessed by means of the ESM button beneath the abstract or in the structured full-text article. To cite or link to this article you can use the above reference. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16505989/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-006-0081-1 id: cord-256533-slbfft33 author: Gomez Rial, J. title: Increased serum levels of sCD14 and sCD163 indicate a preponderant role for monocytes in COVID-19 immunopathology date: 2020-06-04 words: 2854.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256533-slbfft33.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256533-slbfft33.txt summary: Fifty-nine SARS-Cov-2 positive hospitalized patients, classified according to ICU or non-ICU admission requirement, were prospectively recruited and analyzed by ELISA for levels of sCD14 and sCD163, along with other laboratory parameters, and compared to a healthy control group. Fifty-nine SARS-Cov-2 positive hospitalized patients, classified according to ICU or non-ICU admission requirement, were prospectively recruited and analyzed by ELISA for levels of sCD14 and sCD163, along with other laboratory parameters, and compared to a healthy control group. Emerging evidence from SARS-Cov-2 infected patients suggests a key role for monocyte-macrophage in the immunopathology of COVID-19 infection, with a predominant monocyte-derived macrophage infiltration observed in severely damaged lungs [1] , and morphological and inflammation-related changes in peripheral blood monocytes that correlate with the patients'' outcome [2] An overexuberant inflammatory immune response with production of a cytokine storm and T-cell immunosuppression are the main hallmarks of severity in these patients [3] . abstract: Background. Emerging evidence indicates a potential role for monocyte in COVID-19 immunopathology. We investigated two soluble markers of monocyte activation, sCD14 and sCD163, in covid19 patients with the aim of characterizing their potential role in monocyte-macrophage disease immunopathology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind. Methods. Fifty-nine SARS-Cov-2 positive hospitalized patients, classified according to ICU or non-ICU admission requirement, were prospectively recruited and analyzed by ELISA for levels of sCD14 and sCD163, along with other laboratory parameters, and compared to a healthy control group. Results. sCD14 and sCD163 levels were significantly higher among COVID-19 patients, independently of ICU admission requirement, compared to the control group. We found a significant correlation between sCD14 levels and other inflammatory markers, particularly Interleukin-6, in the non-ICU patients group. sCD163 showed a moderate positive correlation with the time at sampling from admission, increasing its value over time, independently of severity group. Conclusions. Monocyte-macrophage activation markers are increased and correlate with other inflammatory markers in SARS-Cov-2 infection, in association to hospital admission. These data suggest a potentially preponderant role for monocyte-macrophage activation in the development of immunopathology of covid19 patients. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.02.20120295v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.02.20120295 id: cord-310089-kfxtctn3 author: Gomez, Sofia title: Benchmarking Critical Care Well-Being: Before and After the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-10-21 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: OBJECTIVES: Examine well-being, measured as burnout and professional fulfillment, across critical care healthcare professionals, ICUs, and hospitals within a health system; examine the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. DESIGN: To complement a longitudinal survey administered to medical critical care physicians at the end of an ICU rotation, which began in May 2018, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among critical care professionals across four hospitals in December 2018 to January 2019. We report the results of the cross-sectional survey and, to examine the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the longitudinal survey results from July 2019 to May 2020. SETTING: Academic medical center. SUBJECTS: Four-hundred eighty-one critical care professionals, including 353 critical care nurses, 58 advanced practice providers, 57 physicians, and 13 pharmacists, participated in the cross-sectional survey; 15 medical critical care physicians participated in the longitudinal survey through the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Burnout was present in 50% of ICU clinicians, ranging from 42% for critical care physicians to 55% for advanced practice providers. Professional fulfillment was less common at 37%, with significant variability across provider (p = 0.04), with a low of 23% among critical care pharmacists and a high of 53% among physicians. Well-being varied significantly at the hospital and ICU level. Workload and job demand were identified as drivers of burnout and meaning in work, culture and values of work community, control and flexibility, and social support and community at work were each identified as drivers of well-being. Between July 2019 and March 2020, burnout and professional fulfillment were present in 35% (15/43) and 58% (25/43) of medical critical care physician responses, respectively. In comparison, during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, burnout and professional fulfillment were present in 57% (12/21) and 38% (8/21), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Burnout was common across roles, yet differed across ICUs and hospitals. Professional fulfillment varied by provider role. We identified potentially modifiable factors related to clinician well-being that can inform organizational strategies at the ICU and hospital level. Longitudinal studies, designed to assess the long-term impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the well-being of the critical care workforce, are urgently needed. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/cce.0000000000000233 doi: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000233 id: cord-335927-sbou89vg author: González-Calle, David title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 Intermediate Care Units: Containing Escalation of ICUs date: 2020-08-25 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000004602 doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004602 id: cord-005606-c8c2rfzi author: Gordon, Sharon M. title: Clinical identification of cognitive impairment in ICU survivors: insights for intensivists date: 2004-10-02 words: 4672.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005606-c8c2rfzi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005606-c8c2rfzi.txt summary: -Personality changes -Increased apathy -Loss of social inhibitions, display of socially inappropriate behavior with staff -Increased irritability or suspiciousness toward family, visitors, or medical team -Outbursts of inappropriate or unprovoked anger -Memory complaints -Difficulty learning new facts and information about one''s medical condition -Persistent word finding problems -Inability to recall conversations with medical staff and recent events in the hospital such as visits by staff, family, or friends -Inability to remember having eaten or what was eaten at meal time -Executive dysfunction -Difficulty following nurses'', physicians'', or therapists'' directions -Problems with planning and decision making related to such things as discharge planning -Confusion when trying to perform multiple tasks -Functional deficits -Difficulty looking up telephone numbers or using the telephone or other equipment such as the television and hospital bed -Decline in self-care not attributable to physical problems or limitations -Inability to find one''s room -Inability to follow a conversation -Difficulty following through with tasks Caution should be exercised when drawing conclusions about cognitive functioning based on in-hospital assessments as performance may be adversely affected by factors such as fatigue and residual effects of sedative and narcotic medications. abstract: BACKGROUND: A growing body of research has demonstrated the presence of ongoing cognitive impairment in large numbers of ICU survivors. OBJECTIVE: This review offers a practical framework for practicing intensivists and those following patients after their ICU stay for the identification of cognitive impairment in ICU survivors. CONCLUSIONS: Early detection of cognitive impairment in critically ill patients is an important and achievable goal, but overt cognitive impairment remains unrecognized in most cases. However, it can be identified by objective (test scores) or subjective evidence (clinical judgment, patient observation, family interaction). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7094980/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-004-2418-y id: cord-140624-lphr5prl author: Grundel, Sara title: How much testing and social distancing is required to control COVID-19? Some insight based on an age-differentiated compartmental model date: 2020-11-02 words: 8721.0 sentences: 532.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-140624-lphr5prl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-140624-lphr5prl.txt summary: To this end, we develop a compartmental model that accounts for key aspects of the disease: 1) incubation time, 2) age-dependent symptom severity, and 3) testing and hospitalization delays; the model''s parameters are chosen based on medical evidence, and, for concreteness, adapted to the German situation. Then, optimal mass-testing and age-dependent social-distancing policies are determined by solving optimal control problems both in open loop and within a model predictive control framework. We address the above questions by proposing a novel compartmental model and using optimal control as well as MPC to compute open and closed-loop social distancing and testing strategies. The model contains three age groups, and it accounts for several of the key challenging characteristics of COVID-19, i.e. 1) the incubation time, 2) different levels of symptom severity depending on age, 3) delay of testing results (and the following self-isolation), and 4) delay of hospitalization. abstract: In this paper, we provide insights on how much testing and social distancing is required to control COVID-19. To this end, we develop a compartmental model that accounts for key aspects of the disease: 1) incubation time, 2) age-dependent symptom severity, and 3) testing and hospitalization delays; the model's parameters are chosen based on medical evidence, and, for concreteness, adapted to the German situation. Then, optimal mass-testing and age-dependent social-distancing policies are determined by solving optimal control problems both in open loop and within a model predictive control framework. We aim to minimize testing and/or social distancing until herd immunity sets in under a constraint on the number of available intensive care units. We find that an early and short lockdown is inevitable but can be slowly relaxed over the following months. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.01282v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-292273-xu9pb9ul author: Guillamet, C. V. title: TOWARD A COVID-19 SCORE-RISK ASSESSMENTS AND REGISTRY date: 2020-04-20 words: 3737.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292273-xu9pb9ul.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292273-xu9pb9ul.txt summary: Main Outcomes TACS was created with 16 readily available predictive variables for risk assessment of hospital mortality 24 hours after ICU Admission and the need for prolonged assisted mechanical ventilation (PAMV) ( >>96 hours) at 24and 48-hours post ICU admission. SOFA scores for triage in a COVID-19 pandemic may then not discriminate who would benefit from intubation and only be useful late in a patient''s course, after they have received multiple days or weeks of mechanical ventilation. TACS achieved an Area Under the Curve (AUC) for predicting hospital mortality after 24 hours of ICU treatment of 0.80 in the development dataset; 0.81 in the internal validation dataset. We also performed an external validation of the TACS 24-hour mortality model on 1,1175 ICU patients to Washington University/BJH treated between 2016-19. We have developed an initial model of a respiratory oriented Toward a COVID 19 Score designed to be useful in possible triage decisions and to compare outcomes from various treatment approaches in the current pandemic. abstract: ABSTRACT Importance Critical care resources like ventilators, used to manage the current COVID-19 pandemic, are potentially inadequate. Established triage standards and guidelines may not contain the most appropriate severity assessment and outcome prediction models. Objectives Develop a draft pandemic specific triage assessment score for the current COVID-19 pandemic. Design a website where initial Toward a COVID-19 Scores (TACS) can be quickly calculated and used to compare various treatment strategies. Create a TACS Registry where data and outcomes for suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients can be recorded. Use the TACS Registry to develop an influenza epidemic specific database and score for use in future respiratory based epidemics. Design, Setting, Participants Retrospective analysis of 3,301 ICU admissions with respiratory failure admitted to 41 U.S. Intensive Care Units from 2015-19. Independent external validation on 1,175 similar ICU Admissions using identical entry criteria from Barnes Jewish Hospital (BJH), Washington University from 2016-2019. Main Outcomes TACS was created with 16 readily available predictive variables for risk assessment of hospital mortality 24 hours after ICU Admission and the need for prolonged assisted mechanical ventilation (PAMV) ( >>96 hours) at 24- and 48-hours post ICU admission. Results TACS achieved an Area Under the Curve (AUC) for hospital mortality after 24 hours of 0.80 in the development dataset; 0.81 in the internal validation dataset. At a probability of 50% hospital mortality, positive predictive value (PPV) was 0.55, negative predictive value (NPV) 0.89; sensitivity 22%, specificity 97%. For PAMV after 24 hours, the AUC was 0.84 in the development dataset, 0.81 in the validation dataset. For PAMV after 48 hours, the AUC was 0.82 in the development dataset, 0.78 in the validation dataset. In the external validation the AUC for TACS was 0.76 +/- 0.024. We launched a website that is scaled for mobile device use ( https://covid19score.azurewebsites.net/) that provides open access to a user-friendly TACS Calculator for all predictions. We also designed a voluntary TACS Registry for collection of data and outcomes on ICU Admissions with COVID-19. Conclusions and Relevance Toward a COVID-19 score is a starting point for an epidemic specific triage assessment that could be used to evaluate various approaches to treatment. The TACS Registry provides the ability to establish a respiratory specific outcomes database that can be used to create a triage approach for future such pandemics. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.15.20066860v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.15.20066860 id: cord-271536-pscw933i author: Guo, Zhen-Dong title: Aerosol and Surface Distribution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Hospital Wards, Wuhan, China, 2020 date: 2020-07-17 words: 1685.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271536-pscw933i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271536-pscw933i.txt summary: To determine distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in hospital wards in Wuhan, China, we tested air and surface samples. To determine distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in hospital wards in Wuhan, China, we tested air and surface samples. Furthermore, we found that rates of positivity differed by air sampling site, which reflects the distribution of virus-laden aerosols in the wards ( Figure 2 , panel A). SARS-CoV-2 aerosol was detected at all 3 sampling sites; rates of positivity were 35.7% (5/14) near air outlets, 44.4% (8/18) in patients'' rooms, and 12.5% Figure 2 (1/8) in the doctors'' office area. First, SARS-CoV-2 was widely distributed in the air and on object surfaces in both the ICU and GW, implying a potentially high infection risk for medical staff and other close contacts. abstract: To determine distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in hospital wards in Wuhan, China, we tested air and surface samples. Contamination was greater in intensive care units than general wards. Virus was widely distributed on floors, computer mice, trash cans, and sickbed handrails and was detected in air ≈4 m from patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32275497/ doi: 10.3201/eid2607.200885 id: cord-005496-cnwg4dnn author: Gutierrez, Guillermo title: Artificial Intelligence in the Intensive Care Unit date: 2020-03-24 words: 5011.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005496-cnwg4dnn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005496-cnwg4dnn.txt summary: Whereas humans develop generalized concepts on the basis of just a few examples, training a machine learning algorithm requires large quantities of data. Other studies have been published describing the use of machine learning models in generating patient-specific risk scores for pulmonary emboli [30] , risk stratification of ARDS [31] , prediction of acute kidney injury in severely burned patients [32] and in general ICU populations [33] , prediction of volume responsiveness after fluid administration [34] and identification of patients likely to develop complicated Clostridium difficile infection [35] . evaluated several types of machine learning algorithms, including random forest, naïve Bayes, and AdaBoost on data recorded from 62 mechanically ventilated patients with or at risk of ARDS. Machine learning algorithms have been used to analyze data stored in electronic medical records to predict ICU mortality and length of stay. abstract: This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2020. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2020. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7092485/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-2785-y id: cord-353890-dzauzjm7 author: Guzzi, Pietro Hiram title: Spatio-Temporal Resource Mapping for Intensive Care Units at Regional Level for COVID-19 Emergency in Italy date: 2020-05-12 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: COVID-19 is a worldwide emergency since it has rapidly spread from China to almost all the countries worldwide. Italy has been one of the most affected countries after China. North Italian regions, such as Lombardia and Veneto, had an abnormally large number of cases. COVID-19 patients management requires availability of sufficiently large number of Intensive Care Units (ICUs) beds. Resources shortening is a critical issue when the number of COVID-19 severe cases are higher than the available resources. This is also the case at a regional scale. We analysed Italian data at regional level with the aim to: (i) support health and government decision-makers in gathering rapid and efficient decisions on increasing health structures capacities (in terms of ICU slots) and (ii) define a geographic model to plan emergency and future COVID-19 patients management using reallocating them among health structures. Finally, we retain that the here proposed model can be also used in other countries. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103344 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17103344 id: cord-267237-wbwlfx7q author: Gómez-Rial, Jose title: Increased Serum Levels of sCD14 and sCD163 Indicate a Preponderant Role for Monocytes in COVID-19 Immunopathology date: 2020-09-23 words: 2589.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267237-wbwlfx7q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267237-wbwlfx7q.txt summary: METHODS: Fifty-nine SARS-Cov-2 positive hospitalized patients, classified according to ICU or non-ICU admission requirement, were prospectively recruited and analyzed by ELISA for levels of sCD14 and sCD163, along with other laboratory parameters, and compared to a healthy control group. CONCLUSIONS: Monocyte-macrophage activation markers are increased and correlate with other inflammatory markers in SARS-Cov-2 infection, in association to hospital admission. In this paper, we analyze serum levels of soluble monocyte activation markers in COVID-19 patients and their correlation with severity and other inflammatory markers. We found significant correlations between sCD14 and sCD163 levels and several clinical laboratory parameters in infected patients (in these analysis, adjusted significance under Bonferrori correction is 0.01), but only in the non-ICU group, possibly reflecting an interference of the use of tocilizumab or corticoids in the ICU group. Our results thus suggest that monocyte-macrophage activation can act as driver cells of the cytokine storm and immunopathology associated to severe clinical course of COVID-19 patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence indicates a potential role for monocytes in COVID-19 immunopathology. We investigated two soluble markers of monocyte activation, sCD14 and sCD163, in COVID-19 patients, with the aim of characterizing their potential role in monocyte-macrophage disease immunopathology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind. METHODS: Fifty-nine SARS-Cov-2 positive hospitalized patients, classified according to ICU or non-ICU admission requirement, were prospectively recruited and analyzed by ELISA for levels of sCD14 and sCD163, along with other laboratory parameters, and compared to a healthy control group. RESULTS: sCD14 and sCD163 levels were significantly higher among COVID-19 patients, independently of ICU admission requirement, compared to the control group. We found a significant correlation between sCD14 levels and other inflammatory markers, particularly Interleukin-6, in the non-ICU patients group. sCD163 showed a moderate positive correlation with the time lapsed from admission to sampling, independently of severity group. Treatment with corticoids showed an interference with sCD14 levels, whereas hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab did not. CONCLUSIONS: Monocyte-macrophage activation markers are increased and correlate with other inflammatory markers in SARS-Cov-2 infection, in association to hospital admission. These data suggest a preponderant role for monocyte-macrophage activation in the development of immunopathology of COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33072099/ doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.560381 id: cord-326532-2ehuuvnx author: Götzinger, Florian title: COVID-19 in children and adolescents in Europe: a multinational, multicentre cohort study date: 2020-06-25 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: To date, few data on paediatric COVID-19 have been published, and most reports originate from China. This study aimed to capture key data on children and adolescents with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection across Europe to inform physicians and health-care service planning during the ongoing pandemic. METHODS: This multicentre cohort study involved 82 participating health-care institutions across 25 European countries, using a well established research network—the Paediatric Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group (ptbnet)—that mainly comprises paediatric infectious diseases specialists and paediatric pulmonologists. We included all individuals aged 18 years or younger with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, detected at any anatomical site by RT-PCR, between April 1 and April 24, 2020, during the initial peak of the European COVID-19 pandemic. We explored factors associated with need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission and initiation of drug treatment for COVID-19 using univariable analysis, and applied multivariable logistic regression with backwards stepwise analysis to further explore those factors significantly associated with ICU admission. FINDINGS: 582 individuals with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included, with a median age of 5·0 years (IQR 0·5–12·0) and a sex ratio of 1·15 males per female. 145 (25%) had pre-existing medical conditions. 363 (62%) individuals were admitted to hospital. 48 (8%) individuals required ICU admission, 25 (4%) mechanical ventilation (median duration 7 days, IQR 2–11, range 1–34), 19 (3%) inotropic support, and one (<1%) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Significant risk factors for requiring ICU admission in multivariable analyses were being younger than 1 month (odds ratio 5·06, 95% CI 1·72–14·87; p=0·0035), male sex (2·12, 1·06–4·21; p=0·033), pre-existing medical conditions (3·27, 1·67–6·42; p=0·0015), and presence of lower respiratory tract infection signs or symptoms at presentation (10·46, 5·16–21·23; p<0·0001). The most frequently used drug with antiviral activity was hydroxychloroquine (40 [7%] patients), followed by remdesivir (17 [3%] patients), lopinavir–ritonavir (six [1%] patients), and oseltamivir (three [1%] patients). Immunomodulatory medication used included corticosteroids (22 [4%] patients), intravenous immunoglobulin (seven [1%] patients), tocilizumab (four [1%] patients), anakinra (three [1%] patients), and siltuximab (one [<1%] patient). Four children died (case-fatality rate 0·69%, 95% CI 0·20–1·82); at study end, the remaining 578 were alive and only 25 (4%) were still symptomatic or requiring respiratory support. INTERPRETATION: COVID-19 is generally a mild disease in children, including infants. However, a small proportion develop severe disease requiring ICU admission and prolonged ventilation, although fatal outcome is overall rare. The data also reflect the current uncertainties regarding specific treatment options, highlighting that additional data on antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs are urgently needed. FUNDING: ptbnet is supported by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352464220301772 doi: 10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30177-2 id: cord-288580-onzzpkye author: HALAÇLI, Burçin title: Critically ill COVID-19 patient date: 2020-04-21 words: 3805.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288580-onzzpkye.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288580-onzzpkye.txt summary: This pandemic is accepted as a viral pneumonia pandemic not a simple flu, therefore, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, follow-up, and management of the critically ill patients with COVID-19 is extremely important. HFNO therapy and NIMV support may be applied in selected hypoxemic respiratory failure cases with proper PPE because of high risk of aerosol generation. However, these patients should be followed closely in terms of clinical deterioration, if no positive response is obtained in the first few hours (refractory hypoxemia, tachypnoea, tidal volume (Vt) > 9 mL/kg meaning increased minute ventilation and work of breathing). In the light of the data obtained from COVID-19 pandemic and hospital follow-up of these critically ill patients, the needfulness of intensive care units with well-organized structure and trained HCW, has emerged once again. Expert consensus on preventing nosocomial transmission during respiratory care for critically ill patients infected by 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) stands out as the major pandemic that we have experienced in the last century. As it affects every social structure, it brought the importance of intensive care support once again to the agenda of healthcare system after causing severe acute respiratory syndrome. The precautions to be taken against this virus, where our knowledge is extremely small, intensive care units take an indispensable place in pandemic planning. In this review, we aimed to emphasize the crucial points regarding intensive care management of COVID-19 patients, which we have written not only for intensivists but also for all healthcare professionals. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32293831/ doi: 10.3906/sag-2004-122 id: cord-291955-mlju5f9u author: Haas, Lenneke E. M. title: Should we deny ICU admission to the elderly? Ethical considerations in times of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-09 words: 1205.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291955-mlju5f9u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291955-mlju5f9u.txt summary: The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic leads to severe shortages of intensive care unit (ICU) facilities in many countries. In this article, we discuss the use of age as a criterion for ICU treatment in times of scarce ICU capacity by contrasting it with deciding under normal conditions. It is proxy for the medical condition of the patient, and advanced age is clearly a factor that should be weighed together with other risk factors for a poor outcome of ICU treatment. Elderly patients admitted to the ICU with COVID-19 are at increased risk of death [7, 8] . Although we need more robust data about short-and long-term outcomes of elderly patients admitted to the ICU because of COVID-19, the mortality rates reported up to now are 40 to 80% [7, 9] . It cannot be justified to withhold ICU admission for all patients above a certain age. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32517776/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03050-x id: cord-004450-daxz9yhp author: Haeberle, Helene title: Therapeutic iloprost for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (the ThIlo trial): a prospective, randomized, multicenter phase II study date: 2020-03-04 words: 5848.0 sentences: 383.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004450-daxz9yhp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004450-daxz9yhp.txt summary: Several preclinical studies have revealed a beneficial effect of iloprost on the control of pulmonary inflammation, and in a small number of patients with ARDS, iloprost treatment resulted in improved oxygenation. For safety reasons, after treatment of 100 patients (day 28 after last dose investigational medicinal product [IMP] Patient 100) within the study, an interim analysis for an increased risk for pulmonary hemorrhage ≥ grade III according to Common Terminology (Toxicity) Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 5.0 in the treatment (iloprost) arm will be performed and the results discussed with the Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB). When possible, however, the patient or his legal representative is to be informed both in writing and verbally by the investigator before any study-specific procedure is Iloprost or NaCl 0.9% (control) X X X X X Clinical assessment including outcome X X X X X X X X X Laboratory testing X X X X X X X X Adverse/serious adverse event monitoring X X X X X X X Plasma biomarkers X X X X X X Barthel Index X X X X SOFA score X X X X X X X X Health-related questionnaire X VES X performed. abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is caused by rapid-onset (within hours) acute inflammatory processes in lung tissue, and it is a life-threatening condition with high mortality. The treatment of ARDS to date is focused on the prevention of further iatrogenic damage of the lung rather than the treatment of the initial inflammatory process. Several preclinical studies have revealed a beneficial effect of iloprost on the control of pulmonary inflammation, and in a small number of patients with ARDS, iloprost treatment resulted in improved oxygenation. Therefore, we plan to conduct a large multicenter trial to evaluate the effect of iloprost on ARDS. METHODS: The Therapeutic Iloprost during ARDS trial (ThIlo trial) is a multicenter, randomized, single blinded, clinical phase II trial assessing the efficacy of inhaled iloprost for the prevention of the development and progression of ARDS in critically ill patients. One hundred fifty critically ill patients suffering from acute ARDS will be treated either by nebulized iloprost or NaCl 0.9% for 5 days. Blood samples will be drawn at defined time points to elucidate the serum levels of iloprost and inflammatory markers during treatment. Mechanical ventilation will be standardized. In follow-up visits at days 28 and 90 as well as 6 months after enrollment, functional status according to the Barthel Index and a health care-related questionnaire, and frailty (Vulnerable Elders Survey) will be evaluated. The primary endpoint is the improvement of oxygenation, defined as the ratio of PaO(2)/FiO(2). Secondary endpoints include 90-day all-cause mortality, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores during the study period up to day 90, the duration of mechanical ventilation, the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, ventilator-associated pneumonia, delirium, ICU-acquired weakness, and discharge localization. The study will be conducted in three university ARDS centers in Germany. DISCUSSION: The results of the ThIlo trial will highlight the anti-inflammatory effect of iloprost on early inflammatory processes during ARDS, resulting in the improvement of outcome parameters in patients with ARDS. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EUDRA-CT: 2016-003168-37. Registered on 12 April 2017. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03111212. Registered on 4 June 2017. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7057516/ doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-4163-0 id: cord-308677-dr9a3ug0 author: Hall, William J. title: Benefits of Intensive Care Unit Hospitalization for Patients Older than 90 Years date: 2020-06-27 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: This editorial comments on the article by Haas et al. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16626 doi: 10.1111/jgs.16626 id: cord-319642-ceur0n0b author: Hamdan Alshehri, Hanan title: Factors influencing the integration of a palliative approach in intensive care units: a systematic mixed-methods review date: 2020-07-22 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: While a palliative approach is generally perceived to be an integral part of the intensive care unit (ICU), the provision of palliative care in this setting is challenging. This review aims to identify factors (barriers and facilitators) influencing a palliative approach in intensive care settings, as perceived by health care professionals. METHOD: A systematic mixed-methods review was conducted. Multiple electronic databases were used, and the following search terms were utilized: implementation, palliative care, and intensive care unit. In total, 1843 articles were screened, of which 24 met the research inclusion/exclusion criteria. A thematic synthesis method was used for both qualitative and quantitative studies. RESULTS: Four key prerequisite factors were identified: (a) organizational structure in facilitating policies, unappropriated resources, multi-disciplinary team involvement, and knowledge and skills; (b) work environment, including physical and psychosocial factors; (c) interpersonal factors/barriers, including family and patients’ involvement in communication and participation; and (d) decision-making, e.g., decision and transition, goal conflict, multidisciplinary team communication, and prognostication. CONCLUSION: Factors hindering the integration of a palliative approach in an intensive care context constitute a complex interplay among organizational structure, the care environment and clinicians’ perceptions and attitudes. While patient and family involvement was identified as an important facilitator of palliative care, it was also recognized as a barrier for clinicians due to challenges in shared goal setting and communication. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32698809/ doi: 10.1186/s12904-020-00616-y id: cord-288222-8fqfbys2 author: Hardy, Michaël title: Prothrombotic Disturbances of Hemostasis of Patients with Severe COVID-19: a Prospective Longitudinal Observational Study date: 2020-10-24 words: 1198.0 sentences: 69.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288222-8fqfbys2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288222-8fqfbys2.txt summary: The aim of this prospective study was therefore to describe the longitudinal changes in hemostasis parameters assessed daily in 21 COVID-19 patients during their intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Our main findings were that (i) daily standard measurements consistent with a prothrombotic state persisted over the first days and improved thereafter, but did not normalize in all patients; (ii) increased thrombin potential (hypercoagulability) and decreased fibrinolysis were frequent and (iii) a high inter-patient variability was observed. Patients initially were in a high inflammatory state (median CRP levels of 204 mg/dL during the first ten days after ICU admission); CRP levels progressively decreased over time thereafter. In light of these results and of the current knowledge on hemostasis disturbances of COVID-19 patients, we suggest that a close monitoring of a sensible set hemostatic parameters would be useful to assess individual thrombotic risk. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2020.10.025 doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.10.025 id: cord-314465-5beuvt8u author: Hardy, Michaël title: Prothrombotic Hemostasis Disturbances in Patients with Severe COVID-19: Individual daily data date: 2020-11-10 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: This data article accompanies the manuscript entitled: “Prothrombotic Disturbances of Hemostasis of Patients with Severe COVID-19: a Prospective Longitudinal Observational Cohort Study” submitted to Thrombosis Research by the same authors. We report temporal changes of plasma levels of an extended set of laboratory parameters during the ICU stay of the 21 COVID-19 patients included in the monocentre cohort: CRP, platelet count, prothrombin time; Clauss fibrinogen and clotting factors II, V and VIII levels, D-dimers, antithrombin activity, protein C, free protein S, total and free tissue factor pathway inhibitor, PAI-1 levels, von Willebrand factor antigen and activity, ADAMTS-13 (plasma levels); and of two integrative tests of coagulation (thrombin generation ST Genesia) and fibrinolysis (global fibrinolytic capacity - GFC). Regarding hemostasis, we used double-centrifuged frozen citrated plasma prospectively collected after daily performance of usual coagulation tests. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients and thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications were also collected from patient's electronic medical reports. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352340920314013?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106519 id: cord-338531-hsh9425f author: Harris, Gavin H. title: Design for Implementation of a System-Level ICU Pandemic Surge Staffing Plan date: 2020-06-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: The current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is causing significant strain on ICUs worldwide. Initial and subsequent regional surges are expected to persist for months and potentially beyond. As a result of this, as well as the fact that ICU provider staffing throughout the United States currently operate at or near capacity, the risk for severe and augmented disruption in delivery of care is very real. Thus, there is a pressing need for proactive planning for ICU staffing augmentation, which can be implemented in response to a local surge in ICU volumes. METHODS: We provide a description of the design, dissemination, and implementation of an ICU surge provider staffing algorithm, focusing on physicians, advanced practice providers, and certified registered nurse anesthetists at a system-wide level. RESULTS: The protocol was designed and implemented by the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center’s Integrated ICU Service Center and was rolled out to the entire health system, a 40-hospital system spanning Pennsylvania, New York, and Maryland. Surge staffing models were developed using this framework to assure that local needs were balanced with system resource supply, with rapid enhancement and expansion of tele-ICU capabilities. CONCLUSIONS: The ICU pandemic surge staffing algorithm, using a tiered-provider strategy, was able to be used by hospitals ranging from rural community to tertiary/quaternary academic medical centers and adapted to meet specific needs rapidly. The concepts and general steps described herein may serve as a framework for hospital and other hospital systems to maintain staffing preparedness in the face of any form of acute patient volume surge. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32695999/ doi: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000136 id: cord-275445-d3i12m3l author: Hashmi, Madiha title: A national survey of critical care services in hospitals accredited for training in a lower-middle income country: Pakistan date: 2020-08-21 words: 3293.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275445-d3i12m3l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275445-d3i12m3l.txt summary: title: A national survey of critical care services in hospitals accredited for training in a lower-middle income country: Pakistan Conclusion: Pakistan, a lower middle-income country, has an established network of critical care facilities with access to basic equipment, but inequalities in its distribution. Since then, regional efforts to map critical care services in Asia have contributed valuable information regarding intensive care unit (ICU) bed availability in the region [9] . This paper details a national survey of critical care services in Pakistan including organisational structures, equipment, infrastructure and training capacity. This national survey from Pakistan reports very limited critical care bed availability but where available ICUs are well resourced with basic equipment for invasive ventilation and monitoring. As Pakistan seeks to improve diagnosis and management of critically ill patients with SARI, sepsis and following trauma, better access to POC services and invasive monitoring, along with specially trained staff to interpret and respond to this information, is essential. abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the extent and variation of critical care services in Pakistan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in all intensive care units (ICUs) recognised for postgraduate training to determine administration, infrastructure, equipment, staffing, and training. RESULTS: There were 151 hospitals recognised for training, providing 2166 ICU beds and 1473 ventilators. Regional distribution of ICU beds per 100,000 population ranged from 1.0 in Sindh to none in Gilgit Baltistan (median 0.7). A senior clinician trained in critical care was available in 19 (12.1%) of units. One to one nurse to bed ratio during the day was available in 84 (53.5%) of units, dropping to 75 (47.8%) at night. Availability of 1:1 nursing also varied between provinces, ranging from 56.5% in Punjab compared to 0% in Azad Jamu Kashmir. Similarly there was disparity in availability of ventilators between provinces. All ICUs had basic infrastructure (electricity, running water, piped oxygen) and basic equipment (electronic monitoring and infusion pumps). CONCLUSION: Pakistan, a lower middle-income country, has an established network of critical care facilities with access to basic equipment, but inequalities in its distribution. Investment in critical care training for doctors and nurses is needed. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883944120306638?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.08.017 id: cord-335351-8hdok02n author: Hashmi, Muhammad Daniyal title: Assessing the need for transfer to the intensive care unit for Coronavirus-19 disease: Epidemiology and risk factors date: 2020-10-27 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Although many patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) require direct admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), some are sent after admission. Clinicians require an understanding of this phenomenon and various risk stratification approaches for recognizing these subjects. METHODS: We examined all Covid-19 patients sent initially to a ward who subsequently required care in the ICU. We examined the timing transfer and attempted to develop a risk score based on baseline variables to predict progressive disease. We evaluated the utility of the CURB-65 score at identifying the need for ICU transfer. RESULTS: The cohort included 245 subjects (mean age 59.0 ± 14.2 years, 61.2% male) and 20% were eventually sent to the ICU. The median time to transfer was 2.5 days. Approximately 1/3rd of patients were not moved until day 4 or later and the main reason for transfer (79.2%) was worsening respiratory failure. A baseline absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) of ≤0.8 10(3)/ml and a serum ferritin ≥1000 ng/ml were independently associated with ICU transfer. Co-morbid illnesses did not correlate with eventual ICU care. Neither a risk score based on a low ALC and/or high ferritin nor the CURB-65 score performed well at predicting need for transfer. CONCLUSION: Covid-19 patients admitted to general wards face a significant risk for deterioration necessitating ICU admission and respiratory failure can occur late in this disease. Neither baseline clinical factors nor the CURB-65 score perform well as screening tests to categorize these subjects as likely to progress to ICU care. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0954611120303437?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106203 id: cord-006975-u5ecibta author: Haviland, Kelly title: Outcomes after long-term mechanical ventilation of cancer patients date: 2020-03-30 words: 3608.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006975-u5ecibta.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006975-u5ecibta.txt summary: The outcomes achieved by medical care of patients requiring mechanical ventilation have been incompletely characterized with regard to the likelihood of both weaning and survival, and even less so with regard to quality of life during the time these patients remain alive. To measure whether the creation of a dedicated weaning program altered the outcomes seen in this patient population, we performed a single-institution retrospective study of cancer patients requiring long-term mechanical ventilation who were cared for in a specialized intermediate care weaning unit. Design, setting, and eligibility criteria After a waiver of authorization (WA0023-13) was obtained from the Institutional Review Board at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, we performed a retrospective review of a single institution''s experience with all patients treated with prolonged mechanical ventilation with weaning as a goal of care after ICU discharge, subject to intensivist discretion, between 2008 and 2012 and between January and December 2018. abstract: BACKGROUND: The probability of weaning and of long-term survival of chronically mechanically ventilated cancer patients is unknown, with incomplete information available to guide therapeutic decisions. We sought to determine the probability of weaning and overall survival of cancer patients requiring long-term mechanical ventilation in a specialized weaning unit. METHODS: A single-institution retrospective review of patients requiring mechanical ventilation outside of a critical care setting from 2008 to 2012 and from January 1 to December 31, 2018, was performed. Demographic and clinical data were recorded, including cancer specifics, comorbidities, treatments, and outcomes. Overall survival was determined using the Kaplan-Meier approach. Time to weaning was analyzed using the cumulative incidence function, with death considered a competing risk. Prognostic factors were evaluated for use in prospective evaluations of weaning protocols. RESULTS: Between 2008 and 2012, 122 patients required mechanical ventilation outside of a critical care setting with weaning as a goal of care. The cumulative incidence of weaning after discharge from the intensive care unit was 42% at 21 days, 49% at 30 days, 58% at 60 days, 61% at 90 days, and 61% at 120 days. The median survival was 0.16 years (95% CI, 0.12 to 0.33) for those not weaned and 1.05 years (95% CI, 0.60 to 1.34) for those weaned. Overall survival at 1 year and 2 years was 52 and 32% among those weaned and 16 and 9% among those not weaned. During 2018, 36 patients at our institution required mechanical ventilation outside of a critical care setting, with weaning as a goal of care. Overall, with a median follow-up of 140 days (range, 0–425 days; average, 141 days), 25% of patients requiring long-term mechanical ventilation (9 of 36) are alive. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer patients can be weaned from long-term mechanical ventilation, even after prolonged periods of support. Implementation of a resource-intensive weaning program did not improve rates of successful weaning. No clear time on mechanical ventilation could be identified beyond which weaning was unprecedented. Short-term overall survival for these patients is poor. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7106688/ doi: 10.1186/s12904-020-00544-x id: cord-272314-6suu8n75 author: Hetland, Breanna title: 2020 - The Year that Needed the Nurse: Considerations for Critical Care Nursing Research and Practice Emerging in the Midst of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-03 words: 1288.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272314-6suu8n75.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272314-6suu8n75.txt summary: As experienced critical care nurse scientists conducting research studies in these dynamic settings, we provide our perspectives on the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the ICU and highlight implications for nursing practice and research. Specifically, this editorial addresses the: 1) need for agile, rapid innovation and implementation strategies; 2) importance of research policies that ensure continuation of scientific discovery and dissemination amidst crises; and, 3) necessity to develop creative strategies to promote a culture of patient and family engagement during critical situations. Not only does the current healthcare crisis highlight the need to embrace an agile implementation model that mirrors our ever-changing clinical environment, it also emphasizes the value of applying adaptive research designs. Doing so allows us to address research questions and integrate emerging evidence in real-time, applying clinically driven data that provides immediate feedback to the healthcare team and to the broader critical care community. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0147956320301618 doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.04.021 id: cord-004540-2b1vjhgn author: Hick, John L. title: Chapter 2. Surge capacity and infrastructure considerations for mass critical care date: 2010-03-07 words: 4948.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004540-2b1vjhgn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004540-2b1vjhgn.txt summary: RESULTS: Key recommendations include: (1) hospitals should increase their ICU beds to the maximal extent by expanding ICU capacity and expanding ICUs into other areas; (2) hospitals should have appropriate beds and monitors for these expansion areas; hospitals should develop contingency plans at the facility and government (local, state, provincial, national) levels to provide additional ventilators; (3) hospitals should develop a phased staffing plan (nursing and physician) for ICUs that provides sufficient patient care supervision during contingency and crisis situations; (4) hospitals should provide expert input to the emergency management personnel at the hospital both during planning for surge capacity as well as during response; (5) hospitals should assure that adequate infrastructure support is present to support critical care activities; (6) hospitals should prioritize locations for expansion by expanding existing ICUs, using postanesthesia care units and emergency departments to capacity, then step-down units, large procedure suites, telemetry units and finally hospital wards. abstract: PURPOSE: To provide recommendations and standard operating procedures for intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital preparations for a mass disaster or influenza epidemic with a specific focus on surge capacity and infrastructure considerations. METHODS: Based on a literature review and expert opinion, a Delphi process was used to define the essential topics including surge capacity and infrastructure considerations. RESULTS: Key recommendations include: (1) hospitals should increase their ICU beds to the maximal extent by expanding ICU capacity and expanding ICUs into other areas; (2) hospitals should have appropriate beds and monitors for these expansion areas; hospitals should develop contingency plans at the facility and government (local, state, provincial, national) levels to provide additional ventilators; (3) hospitals should develop a phased staffing plan (nursing and physician) for ICUs that provides sufficient patient care supervision during contingency and crisis situations; (4) hospitals should provide expert input to the emergency management personnel at the hospital both during planning for surge capacity as well as during response; (5) hospitals should assure that adequate infrastructure support is present to support critical care activities; (6) hospitals should prioritize locations for expansion by expanding existing ICUs, using postanesthesia care units and emergency departments to capacity, then step-down units, large procedure suites, telemetry units and finally hospital wards. CONCLUSIONS: Judicious planning and adoption of protocols for surge capacity and infrastructure considerations are necessary to optimize outcomes during a pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7079872/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-010-1761-4 id: cord-346811-gorp9n1g author: Hippisley-Cox, Julia title: Risk of severe COVID-19 disease with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: cohort study including 8.3 million people date: 2020-07-31 words: 5104.0 sentences: 275.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346811-gorp9n1g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346811-gorp9n1g.txt summary: We report a large, population-based study where we examined the drug histories of approximately 20% of all patients tested positive for coronavirus in England to determine if there was an independent association between ACE inhibitor and ARB drug prescription and severe COVID-19 disease susceptibility and progression. We extracted data from the GP record for explanatory and potential confounding variables including variables with some evidence of being risk factors for COVID-19 disease or severe disease as measured by ICU admission and variables likely to influence prescribing of ACE inhibitors and ARB medications. In this very large population-based study, ACE inhibitor and ARB prescriptions were associated with a reduced risk of COVID-19 RT-PCR positive disease, having adjusted for a wide range of demographic factors, potential comorbidities and other medication. 11 In our study, prior prescription of ACE inhibitor and ARB drugs did not have a significant effect on the risk of patients developing COVID-19 disease severe enough to require ICU care. abstract: BACKGROUND: There is uncertainty about the associations of angiotensive enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) drugs with COVID-19 disease. We studied whether patients prescribed these drugs had altered risks of contracting severe COVID-19 disease and receiving associated intensive care unit (ICU) admission. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study using routinely collected data from 1205 general practices in England with 8.28 million participants aged 20–99 years. We used Cox proportional hazards models to derive adjusted HRs for exposure to ACE inhibitor and ARB drugs adjusted for sociodemographic factors, concurrent medications and geographical region. The primary outcomes were: (a) COVID-19 RT-PCR diagnosed disease and (b) COVID-19 disease resulting in ICU care. FINDINGS: Of 19 486 patients who had COVID-19 disease, 1286 received ICU care. ACE inhibitors were associated with a significantly reduced risk of COVID-19 disease (adjusted HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.74) but no increased risk of ICU care (adjusted HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.06) after adjusting for a wide range of confounders. Adjusted HRs for ARBs were 0.63 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.67) for COVID-19 disease and 1.02 (95% CI 0.83 to 1.25) for ICU care. There were significant interactions between ethnicity and ACE inhibitors and ARBs for COVID-19 disease. The risk of COVID-19 disease associated with ACE inhibitors was higher in Caribbean (adjusted HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.28) and Black African (adjusted HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.59) groups than the white group (adjusted HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.70). A higher risk of COVID-19 with ARBs was seen for Black African (adjusted HR 1.24, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.58) than the white (adjusted HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.62) group. INTERPRETATION: ACE inhibitors and ARBs are associated with reduced risks of COVID-19 disease after adjusting for a wide range of variables. Neither ACE inhibitors nor ARBs are associated with significantly increased risks of receiving ICU care. Variations between different ethnic groups raise the possibility of ethnic-specific effects of ACE inhibitors/ARBs on COVID-19 disease susceptibility and severity which deserves further study. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317393 doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317393 id: cord-339021-mhdaov1f author: Hong, Kyung Soo title: Clinical Features and Outcomes of 98 Patients Hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Daegu, South Korea: A Brief Descriptive Study date: 2020-05-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Although some information on the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and a few selected cases has been reported, data on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized therewith in South Korea are lacking. We conducted a retrospective single-center study of 98 consecutive hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at Yeungnam University Medical Center in Daegu, South Korea. Sixty patients were women (61.2%), and the mean age was 55.4±17.1 years. Thirteen patients (13.3%) were treated in the intensive care unit (ICU). The mean interval from symptom onset to hospitalization was 7.7±4.5 days. Patients who received ICU care were significantly older and were more likely to have diabetes mellitus. The National Early Warning Score on the day of admission was significantly higher in patients requiring ICU care. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (13/13 patients; 100%), septic shock (9/13; 69.2%), acute cardiac injury (9/13; 69.2%), and acute kidney injury (8/13; 61.5%) were more common in patients who received ICU care. All patients received antibiotic therapy, and most (97/98 patients; 99.0%) received antiviral therapy (lopinavir/ritonavir). Hydroxychloroquine was used in 79 patients (80.6%), and glucocorticoid therapy was used in 18 patients (18.4%). In complete blood counts, lymphopenia was the most common finding (40/98 patients; 40.8%). Levels of all proinflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in ICU patients. As of March 29, 2020, the mortality rate was 5.1%. Here, we report the clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of SARS-CoV-2 patients in South Korea up to March 29, 2020. url: https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2020.61.5.431 doi: 10.3349/ymj.2020.61.5.431 id: cord-294591-793ywpcd author: Hu, Xiaoyun title: Self-Reported Use of Personal Protective Equipment among Chinese Critical Care Clinicians during 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic date: 2012-09-05 words: 3618.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294591-793ywpcd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294591-793ywpcd.txt summary: This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported behaviors, and barriers to compliance with the use of PPE among ICU healthcare workers (HCWs) during the pandemic influenza. As the second part of the above survey, we wish to evaluate the self-reported compliance to the use of PPE during the current influenza pandemic among critical care clinicians in Chinese ICUs, as well as independent predictors of the compliance. In this survey of Chinese critical care clinicians, only 55% of respondents reported high compliance (.80%) to recommended PPE use, consistent with other relevant studies [16, 19] . Despite the lack of data validating such concept with regards to 2009 H1N1 influenza in ICU, studies did suggest that implementation of protocoled care and/or educational program, by addressing knowledge, attitude, and behavioral barriers, might significantly reduce catheter-related bloodstream infection [31] , and improve mortality in patients with severe sepsis [32] . Only 55% of Chinese critical care clinicians reported high compliance to PPE use during pandemic influenza, putting HCWs and their patients at risk. abstract: BACKGROUND: Critically ill patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza are often treated in intensive care units (ICUs), representing significant risk of nosocomial transmission to critical care clinicians and other patients. Despite a large body of literature and guidelines recommending infection control practices, numerous barriers have been identified in ICUs, leading to poor compliance to the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). The use of PPE among critical care clinicians has not been extensively evaluated, especially during the pandemic influenza. This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported behaviors, and barriers to compliance with the use of PPE among ICU healthcare workers (HCWs) during the pandemic influenza. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A survey instrument consisting of 36 questions was developed and mailed to all HCWs in 21 ICUs in 17 provinces in China. A total of 733 physicians, nurses, and other professionals were surveyed, and 650 (88.7%) were included in the analysis. Fifty-six percent of respondents reported having received training program of pandemic influenza before they cared for H1N1 patients, while 77% reported to have adequate knowledge of self and patient protection. Only 18% of respondents were able to correctly identify all components of PPE, and 55% reported high compliance (>80%) with PPE use during patient care. In multivariate analysis, vaccination for 2009 H1N1 influenza, positive attitudes towards PPE use, organizational factors such as availability of PPE in ICU, and patient information of influenza precautions, as well as reprimand for noncompliance by the supervisors were associated with high compliance, whereas negative attitudes towards PPE use and violation of PPE use were independent predictors of low compliance. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Knowledge and self-reported compliance to recommended PPE use among Chinese critical care clinicians is suboptimal. The perceived barriers should be addressed in order to close the significant gap between perception and knowledge or behavior. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22957101/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044723 id: cord-313028-0nhgxoim author: Huang, Chaolin title: Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China date: 2020-01-24 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: A recent cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, was caused by a novel betacoronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). We report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment and clinical outcomes of these patients. METHODS: All patients with suspected 2019-nCoV were admitted to a designated hospital in Wuhan. We prospectively collected and analysed data on patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by real-time RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing. Data were obtained with standardised data collection forms shared by WHO and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium from electronic medical records. Researchers also directly communicated with patients or their families to ascertain epidemiological and symptom data. Outcomes were also compared between patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and those who had not. FINDINGS: By Jan 2, 2020, 41 admitted hospital patients had been identified as having laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection. Most of the infected patients were men (30 [73%] of 41); less than half had underlying diseases (13 [32%]), including diabetes (eight [20%]), hypertension (six [15%]), and cardiovascular disease (six [15%]). Median age was 49·0 years (IQR 41·0–58·0). 27 (66%) of 41 patients had been exposed to Huanan seafood market. One family cluster was found. Common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (40 [98%] of 41 patients), cough (31 [76%]), and myalgia or fatigue (18 [44%]); less common symptoms were sputum production (11 [28%] of 39), headache (three [8%] of 38), haemoptysis (two [5%] of 39), and diarrhoea (one [3%] of 38). Dyspnoea developed in 22 (55%) of 40 patients (median time from illness onset to dyspnoea 8·0 days [IQR 5·0–13·0]). 26 (63%) of 41 patients had lymphopenia. All 41 patients had pneumonia with abnormal findings on chest CT. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome (12 [29%]), RNAaemia (six [15%]), acute cardiac injury (five [12%]) and secondary infection (four [10%]). 13 (32%) patients were admitted to an ICU and six (15%) died. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients had higher plasma levels of IL2, IL7, IL10, GSCF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNFα. INTERPRETATION: The 2019-nCoV infection caused clusters of severe respiratory illness similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and was associated with ICU admission and high mortality. Major gaps in our knowledge of the origin, epidemiology, duration of human transmission, and clinical spectrum of disease need fulfilment by future studies. FUNDING: Ministry of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673620301835 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5 id: cord-278638-2dm54f6l author: Huang, Ian title: Lymphopenia in severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-24 words: 3105.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278638-2dm54f6l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278638-2dm54f6l.txt summary: Research articles in adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with information on lymphocyte count and several outcomes of interest, including mortality, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), intensive care unit (ICU) care, and severe COVID-19, were included in the analysis. We used standardized forms that included author, year, study design, age, gender, cardiac comorbidities, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smoking, lymphocyte count, lymphopenia, mortality, ARDS, ICU care, and severe COVID-19. Random-effects meta-regression analysis showed that the association between lower lymphocyte count in patients with composite poor outcome was affected by age (p = 0.034) (Fig. 3a) , but not by gender (p = 0.109), cardiac comorbidity (p = 0.953) (Fig. 3b) , hypertension (p = 0.065) (Fig. 3c) , diabetes mellitus (p = 0.931), COPD (p = 0.798), and smoking (p = 0.581). This meta-analysis showed that lower lymphocyte count was associated with increased mortality, ARDS, need for ICU care, and severe COVID-19. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Clinical and laboratory biomarkers to predict the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are essential in this pandemic situation of which resource allocation must be urgently prepared especially in the context of respiratory support readiness. Lymphocyte count has been a marker of interest since the first COVID-19 publication. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to investigate the association of lymphocyte count on admission and the severity of COVID-19. We would also like to analyze whether patient characteristics such as age and comorbidities affect the relationship between lymphocyte count and COVID-19. METHODS: Comprehensive and systematic literature search was performed from PubMed, SCOPUS, EuropePMC, ProQuest, Cochrane Central Databases, and Google Scholar. Research articles in adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with information on lymphocyte count and several outcomes of interest, including mortality, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), intensive care unit (ICU) care, and severe COVID-19, were included in the analysis. Inverse variance method was used to obtain mean differences and its standard deviations. Maentel-Haenszel formula was used to calculate dichotomous variables to obtain odds ratios (ORs) along with its 95% confidence intervals. Random-effect models were used for meta-analysis regardless of heterogeneity. Restricted-maximum likelihood random-effects meta-regression was performed for age, gender, cardiac comorbidity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, COPD, and smoking. RESULTS: There were a total of 3099 patients from 24 studies. Meta-analysis showed that patients with poor outcome have a lower lymphocyte count (mean difference − 361.06 μL [− 439.18, − 282.95], p < 0.001; I(2) 84%) compared to those with good outcome. Subgroup analysis showed lower lymphocyte count in patients who died (mean difference − 395.35 μL [− 165.64, − 625.07], p < 0.001; I(2) 87%), experienced ARDS (mean difference − 377.56 μL [− 271.89, − 483.22], p < 0.001; I(2) 0%), received ICU care (mean difference − 376.53 μL [− 682.84, − 70.22], p = 0.02; I(2) 89%), and have severe COVID-19 (mean difference − 353.34 μL [− 250.94, − 455.73], p < 0.001; I(2) 85%). Lymphopenia was associated with severe COVID-19 (OR 3.70 [2.44, 5.63], p < 0.001; I(2) 40%). Meta-regression showed that the association between lymphocyte count and composite poor outcome was affected by age (p = 0.034). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis showed that lymphopenia on admission was associated with poor outcome in patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32483488/ doi: 10.1186/s40560-020-00453-4 id: cord-270837-xvauo76d author: Hui, David S. title: The 1-Year Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome on Pulmonary Function, Exercise Capacity, and Quality of Life in a Cohort of Survivors date: 2005-10-31 words: 5821.0 sentences: 284.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270837-xvauo76d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270837-xvauo76d.txt summary: Our assessment included: lung volume (total lung capacity [TLC], vital capacity, residual volume, functional residual capacity), spirometry (FVC, FEV1), diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (Dlco), inspiratory and expiratory respiratory muscle strength, 6-min walk distance (6MWD), chest radiographs (CXRs), and HRQoL by Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form General Health Survey questionnaire. The lung function tests at 12 months showed significantly lower percentage of predicted FVC, VC, TLC, RV, and Dlco in survivors who required ICU support than those who were treated on medical wards, although no significant difference was noted for 6MWD and respiratory muscle strength between the two groups ( Table 5) . The 1-year lung function indexes (percentage of predicted FVC, VC, TLC, RV, and Dlco) in survivors who required ICU support were remarkably lower than those of patients who were treated on medical wards, although no significant differences were noted for 6MWD, respiratory muscle strength, and health status between the two groups. abstract: Objective To examine pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) survivors. Methods We evaluated survivors with confirmed SARS at the Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, at 3, 6, and 12 months after symptom onset. Our assessment included: lung volume (total lung capacity [TLC], vital capacity, residual volume, functional residual capacity), spirometry (FVC, FEV1), diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (Dlco), inspiratory and expiratory respiratory muscle strength, 6-min walk distance (6MWD), chest radiographs (CXRs), and HRQoL by Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form General Health Survey questionnaire. Results Ninety-seven patients completed the serial assessments. There were 39 male and 58 female patients, and 63 patients (70%) were health-care workers (mean age, 36.9 years [SD, 9.5 years]; body mass index, 23.7 kg/m2 [SD, 4.0 kg/m2]). At 1 year, 27 patients (27.8%) had abnormal CXR findings. Four patients (4.1%), 5 patients (5.2%), and 23 patients (23.7%) had FVC, TLC, and Dlco values < 80% of predicted values, respectively. The 6MWD at 12 months was 511.0 m (SD, 89.8 m), which was higher than at 3 months (mean difference, 47.0 m; 95% confidence interval [CI], 31.8 to 62.1 m; p < 0.01) but not different from 6 months (mean difference, 9.7 m; 95% CI, − 4.4 to 23.8 m; p = 0.18). The 6MWD was lower than that for normal control subjects of the same age groups, and there was impairment of HRQoL at 12 months. Patients who required ICU admission (n = 31) showed higher CXR scores (1.6 [SD, 3.1]; vs 0.4 [SD, 1.1]; p = 0.04) and lower percentage of predicted FVC, TLC, and Dlco than those who did not, but there were no differences in 6MWD and health status. Conclusion Significant impairment in Dlco was noted in 23.7% of survivors 1 year after illness onset. Exercise capacity and health status of SARS survivors were remarkably lower than those of a normal population. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0012369215526299 doi: 10.1378/chest.128.4.2247 id: cord-017227-66dx2dkv author: Humphreys, Hilary title: Immunocompromised Patients date: 2012-08-21 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The ominous prognosis of cancer patients with or without neutropenia in need of critical care has led to reservations with regard to admission of cancer patients to the ICU. However, significant improvements in ICU and in-hospital survival of cancer patients in ICU have been demonstrated in studies in recent years [1–4]. Risk factors for mortality have shifted from those related to the underlying condition to those related to the severity of acute illness similar to other critically-ill patients. Neutropenia per se and the underlying malignancy (solid and hematological) do not have an impact on the outcome of patients in ICU. Recent chemotherapy is associated rather with improved survival [3, 5–7], while organ dysfunction, severity of disease scores, need for vasopressor treatment, need for mechanical ventilation immediately or after noninvasive ventilation, no definite diagnosis and a non-infectious diagnosis are associated with mortality [1–3, 8]. Invasive aspergillosis is also associated with very high mortality rates in ICU (see below). In several studies, admission to ICU in the early stages of sepsis or other acute event was associated with better survival than admission later, after development of organ dysfunction. Performance status is perhaps the most important and only variable relating to the underlying condition that is correlated with ICU death. The prognosis remains guarded for certain cancer patients, including patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with active uncontrolled graft versus host disease, those with relapse of the primary disease after allogeneic HSCT and special cases of solid cancer including pulmonary carcinomatous lymphangitis and carcinomatous meningitis with coma [9]. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121735/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-4471-4318-5_10 id: cord-018005-53cl75gk author: Humphreys, Hilary title: Lower Respiratory Tract Infections date: 2012-08-21 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Lower respiratory tract infections are common and are important in the critical care setting either because they precipitate admission to the critical care unit, e.g. severe viral pneumonia or because they complicate the course of a patient with significant underlying disease or following major surgery, e.g. after multiple trauma. Furthermore, respiratory failure requiring artifical ventialtion is a well recognised reason for critical care support but it can be difficult to determine if this is due to an underlying non-infectious condition such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), infection or a combination of both. The early diagnosis and management of respiratory infection combined with appropriate ventilatory support aids prognosis and the efficient use of critical care facilities given the number of patients affected. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122728/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-4471-4318-5_6 id: cord-325664-9ool5z9s author: Immovilli, Paolo title: COVID-19 mortality and ICU admission: the Italian experience date: 2020-05-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32414403/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-02957-9 id: cord-343973-n5ogyxz7 author: Ip, Andrew title: Hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab therapy in COVID-19 patients—An observational study date: 2020-08-13 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Hydroxychloroquine has been touted as a potential COVID-19 treatment. Tocilizumab, an inhibitor of IL-6, has also been proposed as a treatment of critically ill patients. In this retrospective observational cohort study drawn from electronic health records we sought to describe the association between mortality and hydroxychloroquine or tocilizumab therapy among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Patients were hospitalized at a 13-hospital network spanning New Jersey USA between March 1, 2020 and April 22, 2020 with positive polymerase chain reaction results for SARS-CoV-2. Follow up was through May 5, 2020. Among 2512 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 there have been 547 deaths (22%), 1539 (61%) discharges and 426 (17%) remain hospitalized. 1914 (76%) received at least one dose of hydroxychloroquine and 1473 (59%) received hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin. After adjusting for imbalances via propensity modeling, compared to receiving neither drug, there were no significant differences in associated mortality for patients receiving any hydroxychloroquine during the hospitalization (HR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.80–1.22]), hydroxychloroquine alone (HR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.83–1.27]), or hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin (HR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.75–1.28]). The 30-day unadjusted mortality for patients receiving hydroxychloroquine alone, azithromycin alone, the combination or neither drug was 25%, 20%, 18%, and 20%, respectively. Among 547 evaluable ICU patients, including 134 receiving tocilizumab in the ICU, an exploratory analysis found a trend towards an improved survival association with tocilizumab treatment (adjusted HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.57–1.00]), with 30 day unadjusted mortality with and without tocilizumab of 46% versus 56%. This observational cohort study suggests hydroxychloroquine, either alone or in combination with azithromycin, was not associated with a survival benefit among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Tocilizumab demonstrated a trend association towards reduced mortality among ICU patients. Our findings are limited to hospitalized patients and must be interpreted with caution while awaiting results of randomized trials. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT04347993 url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237693 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237693 id: cord-293093-cq43592t author: Ismaeil, Taha title: Survival of mechanically ventilated patients admitted to intensive care units: Results from a tertiary care center between 2016-2018 date: 2019-08-17 words: 3685.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293093-cq43592t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293093-cq43592t.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the survival of adult and pediatric patients receiving mechanical ventilation and determine the associated risk factors METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was carried out in the intensive care unit (ICU) at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) and King Abdullah Children''s Specialist Hospital (KACSH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [1] [2] [3] Thus, many observational studies have examined the use of mechanical ventilation and its associated outcomes, some of which have focused on estimating the mortality rate and identifying the factors related to the survival of patients who received mechanical ventilation. 8, 10 In Saudi Arabia, many studies have examined the mortality outcome of patients admitted to ICUs; however, some of those studies have evaluated the outcome of patients receiving mechanical ventilation for specific indications, such as with severe respiratory conditions, 11, 12 or have focused on a specific population such as that with a hematological malignancy. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the survival of adult and pediatric patients receiving mechanical ventilation and determine the associated risk factors METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was carried out in the intensive care unit (ICU) at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) and King Abdullah Children’s Specialist Hospital (KACSH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The analysis includes data from medical records of all patients admitted to ICUs who received mechanical ventilation between 2016-2018. For each patient, potential risk factors were collected. The main outcome of this study was the mortality during the stay in ICU after receiving mechanical ventilation RESULTS: A total of 262 adults and 175 pediatric patients were admitted to ICUs and received mechanical ventilation during the study period. For adult patients, the overall mortality was 37%, with a median survival time of 11 days (interquartile range [IQR] 6-20 days). The main risk factors independently associated with the increased mortality rate were being aged 51-60 (odds ratio [OR] 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.7-1.0) and factors related to ICU admission. For the pediatric population, the mortality rate was 17%, with a median survival time of 16 days (IQR 7-37 days). Prematurity with respiratory problems was the main recorded cause of initiation of mechanical ventilation (50% of patients). Neonates who had mechanical ventilation within one month of their birth and were born extremely preterm had a high mortality rate after the initiation of mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSION: Both patient age and the causes of the initiation of mechanical ventilation were influencing the survival of patients who required mechanical ventilation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31423514/ doi: 10.15537/smj.2019.8.24447 id: cord-264889-1vsvcza2 author: Jackson, Craig T. title: The Ties That Bind: A Coronavirus Disease Journey date: 2020-10-16 words: 1129.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264889-1vsvcza2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264889-1vsvcza2.txt summary: We certainly could not know that we would face that challenge in complementary roles-as patient and as critical care physician. Like so many other friends from distant pasts, we reconnected on social media, sharing advice and personal experiences during the current pandemic. " Although the critical care community is changing practice to improve outcomes (1-3), our shared experience of COVID delirium-one as patient and the other as physicianfriend-offered a powerful lesson for both of us. Each patient''s ties to the outside serve as reminders of the importance of team-the care team and the patient''s own team of partner, friends, and family-during the critical care journey. Thus, a partner can become a "project manager" to help share in the patient experience. As friends on a COVID journey, we shared our appreciation of ICU care as a team sport. COVID-19: ICU delirium management during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic COVID-19: What do we need to know about ICU delirium during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic? abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33134943/ doi: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000250 id: cord-349558-vof63qat author: Jain, Vageesh title: Systematic review and meta-analysis of predictive symptoms and comorbidities for severe COVID-19 infection date: 2020-03-16 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Background/introduction COVID−19, a novel coronavirus outbreak starting in China, is now a rapidly developing public health emergency of international concern. The clinical spectrum of COVID−19 disease is varied, and identifying factors associated with severe disease has been described as an urgent research priority. It has been noted that elderly patients with pre-existing comorbidities are more vulnerable to more severe disease. However, the specific symptoms and comorbidities that most strongly predict disease severity are unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the symptoms and comorbidities predictive of COVID−19 severity. Method This study was prospectively registered on PROSPERO. A literature search was performed in three databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and Global Health) for studies indexed up to 5th March 2020. Two reviewers independently screened the literature and both also completed data extraction. Quality appraisal of studies was performed using the STROBE checklist. Random effects meta-analysis was performed for selected symptoms and comorbidities to identify those most associated with severe COVID−19 infection or ICU admission. Results Of the 2259 studies identified, 42 were selected after title and abstract analysis, and 7 studies (including 1813 COVID−19 patients) were chosen for inclusion. The ICU group were older (62.4 years) compared to the non-ICU group (46 years), with a significantly higher proportion of males (67.2% vs. 57.1%, p=0.04). Dyspnoea was the only significant symptom predictive for both severe disease (pOR 3.70, 95% CI 1.83 − 7.46) and ICU admission (pOR 6.55, 95% CI 4.28 − 10.0). Notwithstanding the low prevalence of COPD in severe disease and ICU-admitted groups (4.5% and 9.7%, respectively), COPD was the most strongly predictive comorbidity for both severe disease (pOR 6.42, 95% CI 2.44 − 16.9) and ICU admission (pOR 17.8, 95% CI 6.56 − 48.2). Cardiovascular disease and hypertension were also strongly predictive for both severe disease and ICU admission. Those with CVD and hypertension were 4.4 (95% CI 2.64 − 7.47) and 3.7 (95% CI 2.22 − 5.99) times more likely to have an ICU admission respectively, compared to patients without the comorbidity. Conclusions Dyspnoea was the only symptom strongly predictive for both severe disease and ICU admission, and could be useful in guiding clinical management decisions early in the course of illness. When looking at ICU-admitted patients, who represent the more severe end of the spectrum of clinical severity, COPD patients are particularly vulnerable, and those with cardiovascular disease and hypertension are also at a high-risk of severe illness. To aid clinical assessment, risk stratification, efficient resource allocation, and targeted public health interventions, future research must aim to further define those at high-risk of severe illness with COVID−19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.15.20035360 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.15.20035360 id: cord-275457-buq2d4k2 author: Jannes, G. title: Beta regression with spatio-temporal effects as a tool for hospital impact analysis of initial phase epidemics: the case of COVID-19 in Spain date: 2020-06-29 words: 8321.0 sentences: 458.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275457-buq2d4k2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275457-buq2d4k2.txt summary: First, a Beta distribution will describe the probability function for all possible values of the ratios of interest; second, a logistic distribution will be used to estimate the time evolution of raw data of diagnosed, hospitalized, ICU patients, and recovered patients; third and foremost, a Beta regression will be used to develop a prediction method for the ratios described earlier based on their lagged values and on the proportion of recovered patients. These auxiliary results are used as input for the third and main step, namely the Beta regression in which the ratios and their evolution is predicted, and which also includes an analysis of the temporal patterns and spatial effects in the variance of the modelization. The Beta regression model developed here depends on the 1-day lagged value of the Hosp/Cases and ICU/Hosp ratios, as well as the patient recovery rate. abstract: COVID-19 has put an extraordinary strain on medical staff around the world, but also on hospital facilities and the global capacity of national healthcare systems. In this paper, Beta regression is introduced as a tool to analyze the rate of hospitalization and the proportion of Intensive Care Unit admissions over both hospitalized and diagnosed patients, with the aim of explaining as well as predicting, and thus allowing to better anticipate, the impact on hospital resources during an early-phase epidemic. This is applied to the initial phase COVID-19 pandemic in Spain and its different regions from 20-Feb to 08-Apr of 2020. Spatial and temporal factors are included in the Beta distribution through a precision factor. The model reveals the importance of the lagged data of hospital occupation, as well as the rate of recovered patients. Excellent agreement is found for next-day predictions, while even for multiple-day predictions (up to 12 days), robust results are obtained in most cases in spite of the limited reliability and consistency of the data url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.27.20141614v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.27.20141614 id: cord-269914-75to9xr2 author: Jansson, Miia title: Artificial Intelligence for clinical decision support in Critical Care, required and accelerated by COVID-19 date: 2020-10-21 words: 1363.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 30.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269914-75to9xr2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269914-75to9xr2.txt summary: Diagnostic models have been proposed in a variety of clinical situations including early detection or stratification of sepsis [5] , bacterial and viral infections (e.g., COVID-19) [5] , and delirium in the ICU [5] , as well as pulmonary embolism in primary care [6] . Prognostic models have focused on predicting ICU-related mortality [7] , infections (e.g., positive blood culture, MRSA) [5] , responses to treatments [5] , antibiotic resistance [5] , asynchronies during assisted ventilation [8] , prolonged MV [9] , extubation failure [10] , and death in influenza [11] , COVID-19 [12, 13] , and community-acquired pneumonia [14] . Geolocated critical care demand prediction, optimal hospital resource planning, and intelligent patient flow management with decision support algorithms can also be achieved by integrating real time clinical data with population statistics and health interventions. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2352556820302344 doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.09.010 id: cord-025749-mip9mkef author: Jo, Sungyang title: Newly developed stroke in patients admitted to non-neurological intensive care units date: 2020-06-02 words: 4132.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-025749-mip9mkef.txt txt: ./txt/cord-025749-mip9mkef.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate characteristics and outcomes of newly developed stroke in patients admitted to the non-neurological intensive care units (ICU-onset stroke, IOS). In multivariable analysis, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.03−1.06, P < 0.001), prothrombin time (AOR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98−0.99, P = 0.013), cardiovascular surgery (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.34−2.50, P < 0.001), mechanical ventilation (AOR = 6.75, 95% CI = 4.87−9.45, P < 0.001), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (AOR = 2.77, 95% CI = 1.62−4.55, P < 0.001) were related to the development of IOS. (Table I The main reasons for delays in stroke recognition included the use of sedative agents following surgery (n = 51) or mechanical ventilation (n = 29), presumed metabolic encephalopathy (n = 18), and missed findings of neurological deficits during routine hourly evaluations (n = 4) (as described for 102 patients who had such a time interval beyond the median time of 8.9 h). abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about newly developed stroke in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate characteristics and outcomes of newly developed stroke in patients admitted to the non-neurological intensive care units (ICU-onset stroke, IOS). METHODS: A consecutive series of adult patients who were admitted to the non-neurological ICU were included in this study. We compared neurological profiles, risk factors, and mortality rates between patients with IOS and those without IOS. RESULTS: Of 18,604 patients admitted to the ICU for non-neurological illness, 218 (1.2%) developed stroke (ischemic, n = 182; hemorrhagic, n = 36). The most common neurological presentation was altered mental status (n = 149), followed by hemiparesis (n = 55), and seizures (n = 28). The most common etiology of IOS was cardioembolism (50% [91/182]) for ischemic IOS and coagulopathy (67% [24/36]) for hemorrhagic IOS. In multivariable analysis, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.03−1.06, P < 0.001), prothrombin time (AOR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98−0.99, P = 0.013), cardiovascular surgery (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.34−2.50, P < 0.001), mechanical ventilation (AOR = 6.75, 95% CI = 4.87−9.45, P < 0.001), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (AOR = 2.77, 95% CI = 1.62−4.55, P < 0.001) were related to the development of IOS. Stroke was associated with increased 3-month mortality after hospital discharge (AOR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.58–3.05; P < 0.001), after adjustment for APACHE II and comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who developed IOS had characteristics of initial critical illness and managements performed in the ICU as well as neurological presentations. The occurrence of IOS was related to high morbidity and mortality. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00415-020-09955-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7264485/ doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-09955-5 id: cord-349516-00qqpkfd author: Jonmarker, S. title: DOSING OF THROMBOPROPHYLAXIS AND MORTALITY IN CRITICALLY ILL COVID-19 PATIENTS date: 2020-09-23 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Background: A substantial proportion of critically ill COVID-19 patients develop thromboembolic complications, but it is unclear whether higher doses of thromboprophylaxis are associated with lower mortality rates. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the association of initial dosing strategy of thromboprophylaxis in critically ill COVID-19 patients and the risk of death, thromboembolism, and bleeding. Method: All critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to two intensive care units in March and April 2020 were eligible. Patients were categorized into three groups according to initial daily dose of thromboprophylaxis: low (2500-4500 IU tinzaparin or 2500-5000 IU dalteparin), medium (>4500 IU but <175 IU/kilogram, kg, of body weight tinzaparin or >5000 IU but <200 IU/kg of body weight dalteparin), and high dose ([≥] 175 IU/kg of body weight tinzaparin or [≥]200 IU/kg of body weight dalteparin). Thromboprophylaxis dosage was based on local standardized recommendations, not on degree of critical illness or risk of thrombosis. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals of death within 28 days from ICU admission. Multivariable models were adjusted for sex, age, body-mass index, Simplified Acute Physiology Score III, invasive respiratory support, and initial dosing strategy of thromboprophylaxis. Results: A total of 152 patients were included; 67 received low, 48 medium, and 37 high dose thromboprophylaxis. Baseline characteristics did not differ between groups. Mortality was lower in high (13.5%) vs medium (25.0%) and low dose thromboprophylaxis (38.8%) groups, p{equiv}0.02. The hazard ratio of death was 0.33 (95% confidence intervals 0.13 - 0.87) among those who received high dose, respectively 0.88 (95% confidence intervals 0.43 - 1.83) among those who received medium dose, as compared with those who received low dose thromboprophylaxis. There were fewer thromboembolic events in the high (2.7%) vs medium (18.8%) and low dose thromboprophylaxis (17.9%) groups, p{equiv}0.04, but no difference in the proportion of bleeding events, p{equiv}0.16. Conclusions: Among critically ill COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure, high dose thromboprophylaxis was associated with a lower risk of death and a lower cumulative incidence of thromboembolic events compared with lower doses. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.17.20195867v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.17.20195867 id: cord-343555-pre6bzne author: Kalligeros, Markos title: Association of Obesity with Disease Severity among Patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-30 words: 2148.0 sentences: 126.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343555-pre6bzne.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343555-pre6bzne.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential association of obesity and other chronic diseases with severe outcomes, such as intensive care unit (ICU) admission and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), in patients hospitalized with COVID‐19. In this study we utilize data from the largest healthcare network in Rhode Island, USA, with the aim of exploring the potential association of the above-mentioned chronic diseases with severe outcomes such as ICU admission and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection. All rights reserved Our primary outcome was to assess if specific risk factors, namely age, race, gender, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, chronic heart disease, and chronic lung disease are associated with ICUadmission within the first 10 days of hospital admission with COVID-19. We also examined the association of ICU admission and the need for IMV with the following variables: age, race, gender, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and chronic lung disease. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential association of obesity and other chronic diseases with severe outcomes, such as intensive care unit (ICU) admission and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), in patients hospitalized with COVID‐19. METHODS: Retrospective cohort of 103 patients hospitalized with COVID‐19. Demographic data, past medical history and hospital course were collected and analyzed. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was implemented to examine associations. RESULTS: From February 17th to April 5th, 103 consecutive patients were hospitalized with COVID‐19. Among them, 41 patients (39.8%) were admitted to the ICU and 29 (70.7%) required (IMV). The prevalence of obesity was 47.5% (49/103). In a multivariate analysis, severe obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m2) was associated with ICU admission (aOR 5.39; 95% CI:1.13‐25.64). Moreover, patients who required IMV, were more likely to have had heart disease (aOR 3.41; 95% CI:1.05‐11.06), obesity (BMI=30‐34.9 kg/m2) (aOR 6.85; 95% CI: 1.05‐44.82) or severe obesity (BMI≥35 kg/m2) (aOR 9.99; 95% CI:1.39‐71.69). CONCLUSION: In our analysis, severe obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m2) was associated with ICU admission, while history of heart disease and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) were independently associated with the use of IMV. Increased vigilance and aggressive treatment of patients with obesity and COVID‐19 are warranted. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32352637/ doi: 10.1002/oby.22859 id: cord-011159-k2kca8zl author: Kamel, Toufik title: Benefit-to-risk balance of bronchoalveolar lavage in the critically ill. A prospective, multicenter cohort study date: 2020-01-07 words: 5114.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011159-k2kca8zl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011159-k2kca8zl.txt summary: b Patient recruitment exceeded the 500 expected, because we anticipated a number of non-workable case report forms h More than one indication could be present for each BAL i Significantly higher than in the nasal high-flow oxygen therapy or non-invasive ventilation group (p < 0.001), and then in the invasive mechanical ventilation group (p = 0.001) j H0 indicates the time at which BAL has began k Experience in years in the specialty and in terms of number of BAL performed are detailed in Table S1 of the Online resource 1 l We defined the physician performing the BAL as an "experienced physician" when he/she was a pulmonologist or when he/she was an intensivist with the greatest experience (i.e., > 10 years in the specialty or > 50 BAL performed) 35-3.50 ]; p = 0.002) and the amount of BAL fluid (in ml) recovered handled as a linear predictor (OR 1.02 [1.01-1.03] per 1 ml increase; p < 0.01), were statistically significant predictors of a BAL fluid of good quality (Table S6 ). abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the benefit-to-risk balance of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. METHODS: In 16 ICUs, we prospectively collected adverse events during or within 24 h after BAL and assessed the BAL input for decision making in consecutive adult patients. The occurrence of a clinical adverse event at least of grade 3, i.e., sufficiently severe to need therapeutic action(s), including modification(s) in respiratory support, defined poor BAL tolerance. The BAL input for decision making was declared satisfactory if it allowed to interrupt or initiate one or several treatments. RESULTS: We included 483 BAL in 483 patients [age 63 years (interquartile range (IQR) 53–72); female gender: 162 (33.5%); simplified acute physiology score II: 48 (IQR 37-61); immunosuppression 244 (50.5%)]. BAL was begun in non-intubated patients in 105 (21.7%) cases. Sixty-seven (13.9%) patients reached the grade 3 of adverse event or higher. Logistic regression showed that a BAL performed by a non-experienced physician (non-pulmonologist, or intensivist with less than 10 years in the specialty or less than 50 BAL performed) was the main predictor of poor BAL tolerance in non-intubated patients [OR: 3.57 (95% confidence interval 1.04–12.35); P = 0.04]. A satisfactory BAL input for decision making was observed in 227 (47.0%) cases and was not predictable using logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS: Adverse events related to BAL in ICU patients are not infrequent nor necessarily benign. Our findings call for an extreme caution, when envisaging a BAL in ICU patients and for a mandatory accompaniment of the less experienced physicians. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00134-019-05896-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223716/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-019-05896-4 id: cord-014538-6a2pviol author: Kamilia, Chtara title: Proceedings of Réanimation 2017, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress date: 2017-01-10 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5225389/ doi: 10.1186/s13613-016-0224-7 id: cord-002847-w3r0oetd author: Kanafani, Zeina A. title: Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter species: a seven-year experience from a tertiary care center in Lebanon date: 2018-01-22 words: 3904.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-002847-w3r0oetd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-002847-w3r0oetd.txt summary: At the American University of Beirut Medical Center, the incidence of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-Ab) infections in the ICU increased sharply in 2007 by around 120%, and these infections have continued to cause a serious problem to this day. baumannii (MDR-Ab) has become a significant cause of hospitalacquired infections (HAI) and hospital-acquired colonizations (HAC) resulting in high morbidity and mortality [3] in patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICU) over the past two decades [4] . Repeated cleaning and disinfection was performed for all surfaces or equipment identified to be contaminated with MDR-Ab. A nested retrospective case-control study from January 2007 till June 2008 was performed in the ICU and the Respiratory Care Unit (RCU) to analyze patient related risk factors leading to MDR-Ab transmissions. Controls were randomly selected from patients admitted to the ICU and the RCU during the same study period but who did not have a positive screening culture for MDR-Ab. Moreover, cases consisted of patients with one or more cultures growing MDR-Ab (either colonized or infected). abstract: BACKGROUND: Acinetobacter species have become increasingly common in the intensive care units (ICU) over the past two decades, causing serious infections. At the American University of Beirut Medical Center, the incidence of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-Ab) infections in the ICU increased sharply in 2007 by around 120%, and these infections have continued to cause a serious problem to this day. METHODS: We conducted a seven-year prospective cohort study between 2007 and 2014 in the ICU. Early in the epidemic, a case-control study was performed that included MDR-Ab cases diagnosed between 2007 and 2008 and uninfected controls admitted to the ICU during the same time. RESULTS: The total number of patients with MDR-Ab infections diagnosed between 2007 and 2014 was 128. There were also 99 patients with MDR-Ab colonization without evidence of active infection between 2011 and 2014. The incidence of MDR-Ab transmission was 315.4 cases/1000 ICU patient-days. The majority of infections were considered hospital-acquired (84%) and most consisted of respiratory infections (53.1%). The mortality rate of patients with MDR-Ab ranged from 52% to 66%. CONCLUSION: MDR-Ab infections mostly consisted of ventilator-associated pneumonia and were associated with a very high mortality rate. Infection control measures should be reinforced to control the transmission of these organisms in the ICU. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5778738/ doi: 10.1186/s13756-017-0297-6 id: cord-018182-lleti89n author: Kassutto, Stacey M. title: Care of the Surgical ICU Patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension date: 2016-10-09 words: 6222.0 sentences: 310.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018182-lleti89n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018182-lleti89n.txt summary: Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are frequently encountered in the intensive care unit (ICU). Important differential diagnoses in patients with severe dyspnea and/or impending respiratory failure include congestive heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary embolism, cardiac arrhythmia, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, acute infectious processes such as bacterial or viral pneumonia, and exacerbations of other underlying pulmonary conditions such as interstitial lung disease. Given their complexity, the use of RHC and ongoing invasive hemodynamic monitoring is recommended for patients with evidence of RV failure requiring ICU admission, particularly in the setting of vasoactive agent titration [32] . Hospital and 1-year survival of patients admitted to intensive care units with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Antibiotic therapy and treatment failure in patients hospitalized for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in the setting of severe acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: more effective and less expensive abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive chronic disease characterized by airflow limitation that is frequently progressive and associated with respiratory impairment. As the fourth leading cause of death in the United States and Europe, COPD results in a substantial and ever increasing economic and social burden [1]. Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are frequently encountered in the intensive care unit (ICU). Although there is no standardized definition, AECOPD are characterized by a significant change in patient symptoms from baseline accompanied by overall increased airway resistance [2]. These exacerbations carry a significant risk to patients, with 10 % in-hospital mortality and 1-year and 2-year all-cause mortality rates of 43 % and 49 %, respectively, in patients with hypercapnic exacerbations [3]. Other studies note in-hospital mortality rates as high as 30 % with worse outcomes associated with older age, severity of respiratory and non-respiratory organ dysfunction, and hospital length of stay [4]. Given that patients transferred to the ICU with AECOPD are at high risk for complications and adverse outcomes, early diagnosis and management are critical to improve patient outcomes and survival in this population. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122996/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-33341-0_13 id: cord-339015-qn8wbnlw author: Kayingo, Gerald title: Bacteria and Viruses: The Bogeymen in the Intensive Care Unit date: 2019-03-06 words: 2380.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339015-qn8wbnlw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339015-qn8wbnlw.txt summary: Late-onset VAP (>7 days after mechanical ventilation) is usually caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter species, methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA), and multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli. For the management of VAP, advance practice providers (APPs) should direct initial antibiotic therapy against organisms that are known to frequently cause pneumonia in the ICU. APPs working in the ICU need to recognize viral community-acquired pneumonia early and manage it aggressively to prevent complications and improve outcomes. Nosocomial viral pneumonia in the ICU is frequently caused by Herpesviridae family of viruses, which include HSV and cytomegalovirus (CMV). 10, 11 The clinical manifestations of bacterial and viral infections are highly variable in the ICU patient, ranging from severe respiratory disease to sepsis (Box 5). abstract: This article covers the frequently encountered bacteria and viruses in the ICU. It focuses on recognition, management, and prevention. Emerging and difficult-to-treat organisms are covered in detail. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32289089/ doi: 10.1016/j.cpha.2018.11.003 id: cord-339478-v7by6dnp author: Kessler, Remi A. title: Changes in Neurosurgery Resident Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Institutional Experience from a Global Epicenter date: 2020-05-08 words: 1107.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339478-v7by6dnp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339478-v7by6dnp.txt summary: Here we present our detailed institutional experience -from an 1,141-bed, tertiary care academic center and six other affiliate hospitals of the Mount Sinai Health System in NYC-on how the re-organization efforts changed our neurosurgical graduate medical education program from the heart of the pandemic. The changes to neurosurgery resident education at Mount Sinai were borne out of a necessity for re-deployment of our physicians to assist in the fight against COVID-19, given the sheer abundance of positive patients in NYC. The Emory University Department of Neurosurgery reported similar changes for residents covering their neurosurgical service and each resident is to spend one week during the month of April caring for COVID-19 patients. The COVID-19 pandemic has required our department to change resident education to an exceptional degree, but we are continuing neurosurgical learning in innovative ways while heeding the call to care for NYC''s sickest patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32438002/ doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.04.244 id: cord-323898-054gv684 author: Khan, Anas A. title: Survival and Estimation of Direct Medical Costs of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Short Title: COVID-19 Survival and Cost in Saudi Arabia) date: 2020-10-13 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Objectives: Assess the survival of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients across age groups, sex, use of mechanical ventilators (MVs), nationality, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Data were retrieved from the Saudi Ministry of Health (MoH) between 1 March and 29 May 2020. Kaplan–Meier (KM) analyses and multiple Cox proportional-hazards regression were conducted to assess the survival of hospitalized COVID-19 patients from hospital admission to discharge (censored) or death. Micro-costing was used to estimate the direct medical costs associated with hospitalization per patient. Results: The number of included patients with complete status (discharge or death) was 1422. The overall 14-day survival was 0.699 (95%CI: 0.652–0.741). Older adults (>70 years) (HR = 5.00, 95%CI = 2.83–8.91), patients on MVs (5.39, 3.83–7.64), non-Saudi patients (1.37, 1.01–1.89), and ICU admission (2.09, 1.49–2.93) were associated with a high risk of mortality. The mean cost per patient (in SAR) for those admitted to the general Medical Ward (GMW) and ICU was 42,704.49 ± 29,811.25 and 79,418.30 ± 55,647.69, respectively. Conclusion: The high hospitalization costs for COVID-19 patients represents is a significant public health challenge. Efficient allocation of healthcare resources cannot be emphasized enough. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207458 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207458 id: cord-324869-f14n0hk6 author: Khan, Hafiz Muhammad Waqas title: Unusual Early Recovery of a Critical COVID-19 Patient After Administration of Intravenous Vitamin C date: 2020-07-25 words: 2551.0 sentences: 126.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324869-f14n0hk6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324869-f14n0hk6.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: This report highlights the potential benefits of high-dose intravenous vitamin C in critically ill COVID-19 patients in terms of rapid recovery and shortened length of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay. We describe a case of COVID-19 with septic shock and ARDS who received high doses of intravenous vitamin C and was the first case to be able to be taken off of mechanical ventilation (MV) early and recover from the disease at our institute. In our case, the patient was treated with high-dose vitamin C as a continuous intravenous infusion and was the first COVID-19 patient to be able to be taken off mechanical ventilation early and recover from the disease at our institution. Our results show the importance of further investigation of intravenous vitamin C in the form of randomized controlled trials for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 to accurately assess its efficacy in critically ill COVID-19 patients requiring mechanical ventilation and ICU care. abstract: Patient: Female, 74-year-old Final Diagnosis: COVID-19 Symptoms: Cough • fever • shortness of breath Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Critical Care Medicine OBJECTIVE: Unusual clinical course BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread, with confirmed cases now in more than 200 countries. Thus far there are no proven therapeutic options to treat COVID-19. We report a case of COVID-19 with acute respiratory distress syndrome who was treated with high-dose vitamin C infusion and was the first case to have early recovery from the disease at our institute. CASE REPORT: A 74-year-old woman with no recent sick contacts or travel history presented with fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Her vital signs were normal except for oxygen saturation of 87% and bilateral rhonchi on lung auscultation. Chest radiography revealed air space opacity in the right upper lobe, suspicious for pneumonia. A nasopharyngeal swab for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 came back positive while the patient was in the airborne-isolation unit. Laboratory data showed lymphopenia and elevated lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, and interleukin-6. The patient was initially started on oral hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. On day 6, she developed ARDS and septic shock, for which mechanical ventilation and pressor support were started, along with infusion of high-dose intravenous vitamin C. The patient improved clinically and was able to be taken off mechanical ventilation within 5 days. CONCLUSIONS: This report highlights the potential benefits of high-dose intravenous vitamin C in critically ill COVID-19 patients in terms of rapid recovery and shortened length of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay. Further studies will elaborate on the efficacy of intravenous vitamin C in critically ill COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.12659/ajcr.925521 doi: 10.12659/ajcr.925521 id: cord-291742-donflx7w author: Khan, Raymond M. title: Implementing the comprehensive unit-based safety program model to improve the management of mechanically ventilated patients in Saudi Arabia date: 2018-09-05 words: 4440.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291742-donflx7w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291742-donflx7w.txt summary: We joined the Johns Hopkins Armstrong Institute Comprehensive Unit-Based Safety Program for Mechanically Ventilated Patients and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (CUSP 4 MVP-VAP) project in October 2015 with the objective of improving the care delivery process and reducing the mortality of our mechanically ventilated patients. The implementation of each care process bundle element, along with the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) score and the maximum level of mobility for that day were recorded on a standard data collection form and entered into the Johns Hopkins Armstrong Institute database, which generated a compliance rate for our hospital. In our study the implementation of the multifaceted CUSP 4-MVP VAP approach resulted in an increase in SAT (51.5%-76.9%, P = .0008) and SBT (54.2%-72.2%, P = .02) compliance; an increase in the number of mechanically ventilated patients without sedation (36.1%-50.9%, P = .06); and a decrease in IVACs (4.2-3.5 per 1,000 MV days), PVAP (2.1-1.7 per 1,000 MV days), ICU mortality rates (45.3%-19.1%, P = .045), and VAE mortality rates (33.3%-8.3%, P < .37). abstract: BACKGROUND: Ventilator-associated events are common in mechanically ventilated patients. They are associated with more days on mechanical ventilation, longer intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and increased risk of mortality. Theoretically, interventions that prevent ventilator-associated events should also reduce associated morbidity. We evaluated the Comprehensive Unit-based Safety Program approach to improve the care of mechanically ventilated patients. METHODS: All mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the ICU between October 1, 2015, and October 31, 2016, were prospectively monitored for the development of ventilator-associated events according to the National Healthcare Safety Network criteria. A process care bundle (endotracheal intubation with subglottic suctioning, head-of-bed elevation ≥30°, target sedation scores, daily spontaneous awakening trials, spontaneous breathing trials), daily delirium assessment, and an early mobility protocol were instituted. The bundle compliance, ventilator-associated events rates, ICU length of stay, and mortality rate were noted. The database allowed viewing of current rates, trends, and averages of all participating sites. RESULTS: In the study period, 2,321 patients were admitted to the ICU, and 1,231 required mechanical ventilation (10,342 ventilator days). There were 115 ventilator-associated events: 82 ventilator-associated conditions, 15 infection-related ventilator-associated conditions, and 18 possible cases of ventilator-associated pneumonia. The ICU mortality rate was 13.3%, compared with 28.7% for those mechanically ventilated patients with ventilator-associated events (P = .0001). There was increased compliance for spontaneous awakening trials (51.5%-76.9%, P = .0008) and spontaneous breathing trials (54.2%-72.2%, P = .02) and a decrease in infection-related ventilator-associated conditions (4.2-3.5 per 1,000 days), possible cases of ventilator-associated pneumonia (2.1-1.7 per 1,000 days), ICU mortality (45.3%-19.1%, P = .045), and ventilator-associated events associated mortality rates (33.3%-8.3%, P < .37). Physical therapy participation and mobility were 60.8% and 26.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The implementation of a multipronged program like the Comprehensive Unit-based Safety Program could improve the care processes and outcomes of mechanically ventilated patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2018.06.022 doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2018.06.022 id: cord-327032-4bet4e8l author: Khan, S. H. title: Delirium Incidence, Duration and Severity in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Background Delirium incidence, duration and severity in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to COVID-19 is not known. Methods We conducted an observational study at two large urban academic Level 1 trauma centers. Consecutive patients admitted to the ICU with a positive SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction test from March 1st, 2020 to April 27, 2020 were included. Individuals younger than 18 years of age, without any documented delirium assessments (CAM-ICU), or without a discharge disposition were excluded. The primary outcomes were delirium rates and delirium duration and the secondary outcome was delirium severity. Outcomes were assessed for up to the first 14 days of ICU stay. Results Of 243 consecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 144 met eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. Delirium occurred in 73.6% (106/144) and delirium or coma occurred in 76.4% (110/144). Sixty-three percent of patients were positive for delirium on the first CAM-ICU assessment. The median duration of delirium and coma was 7 days (IQR: 3-10), and the median delirium duration was 5 days (IQR: 2-7). The median CAM-ICU-7 score was 6 (IQR: 4-7) representing severe delirium. Mechanical ventilation was associated with greater odds of developing delirium (OR: 42.1, 95%CI: 13.0-137.1). Mortality was 26.4% in patients with delirium compared to 15.8% in patients without delirium. Conclusions 73.6% of patients admitted to the ICU with COVID-19 experience delirium that persists for approximately 1 week. Invasive mechanical ventilation is significantly associated with odds of delirium. Clinical attention to prevent and manage delirium and reduce delirium duration and severity is urgently needed for patients with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.31.20118679 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.31.20118679 id: cord-262022-kvezhyt5 author: Kim, L. title: Interim Analysis of Risk Factors for Severe Outcomes among a Cohort of Hospitalized Adults Identified through the U.S. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) date: 2020-05-22 words: 4892.0 sentences: 274.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262022-kvezhyt5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262022-kvezhyt5.txt summary: Results: Ninety-two percent of patients had at least 1 underlying condition; 32% required intensive care unit (ICU) admission; 19% invasive mechanical ventilation; 15% vasopressors; and 17% died during hospitalization. Questions remain about the independent 92 association of sex, race/ethnicity and specific underlying conditions with severe outcomes among 93 persons hospitalized with COVID-19, after adjusting for age and other important potential confounders. Having ≥3 underlying medical conditions was significantly associated with higher risk of 250 ICU admission and death after adjusting for age group, sex, and race/ethnicity (Appendix Table 8 ). Older age, being male, 257 and the presence of certain underlying medical conditions were associated with a higher risk of ICU 258 admission and in-hospital mortality. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.18.20103390 doi: medRxiv preprint of patients hospitalized in New York City did not find race/ethnicity to be associated with ICU admission 269 or death (4). abstract: Background: As of May 15, 2020, the United States has reported the greatest number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and deaths globally. Objective: To describe risk factors for severe outcomes among adults hospitalized with COVID-19. Design: Cohort study of patients identified through the Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network. Setting: 154 acute care hospitals in 74 counties in 13 states. Patients: 2491 patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 during March 1-May 2, 2020. Measurements: Age, sex, race/ethnicity, and underlying medical conditions. Results: Ninety-two percent of patients had at least 1 underlying condition; 32% required intensive care unit (ICU) admission; 19% invasive mechanical ventilation; 15% vasopressors; and 17% died during hospitalization. Independent factors associated with ICU admission included ages 50-64, 65-74, 75-84 and 85+ years versus 18-39 years (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.53, 1.65, 1.84 and 1.43, respectively); male sex (aRR 1.34); obesity (aRR 1.31); immunosuppression (aRR 1.29); and diabetes (aRR 1.13). Independent factors associated with in-hospital mortality included ages 50-64, 65-74, 75-84 and 85+ years versus 18-39 years (aRR 3.11, 5.77, 7.67 and 10.98, respectively); male sex (aRR 1.30); immunosuppression (aRR 1.39); renal disease (aRR 1.33); chronic lung disease (aRR 1.31); cardiovascular disease (aRR 1.28); neurologic disorders (aRR 1.25); and diabetes (aRR 1.19). Race/ethnicity was not associated with either ICU admission or death. Limitation: Data were limited to patients who were discharged or died in-hospital and had complete chart abstractions; patients who were still hospitalized or did not have accessible medical records were excluded. Conclusion: In-hospital mortality for COVID-19 increased markedly with increasing age. These data help to characterize persons at highest risk for severe COVID-19-associated outcomes and define target groups for prevention and treatment strategies. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.18.20103390v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.18.20103390 id: cord-006366-qpjvmwmp author: Kinikar, Aarti Avinash title: Predictors of Mortality in Hospitalized Children with Pandemic H1N1 Influenza 2009 in Pune, India date: 2011-10-20 words: 3309.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006366-qpjvmwmp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006366-qpjvmwmp.txt summary: METHODS: Data were abstracted from available hospital records of children less than 12 y of age, who were admitted to Sassoon General Hospital in Pune, India, with confirmed pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza infection from August 2009 through January 2010. A recent publication reported that factors independently associated with in-hospital mortality in adults and children were, requirement for invasive ventilation at intensive care unit (ICU) admission, older age and presence of any co-existing conditions [6] . The following data were collected: demographic characteristics like age, gender and location of residence; clinical characteristics on admission including duration of symptoms, co-morbid illnesses; clinical findings at presentation; and hospital course including use of antibiotics, corticosteroids and antiviral drugs, requirement of bubble continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)or mechanical ventilation, presence of co-infections, laboratory and radiologic findings. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse the factors associated with increased mortality among Indian Children with H1N1. METHODS: Data were abstracted from available hospital records of children less than 12 y of age, who were admitted to Sassoon General Hospital in Pune, India, with confirmed pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza infection from August 2009 through January 2010. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify clinical characteristics associated with mortality. RESULTS: Of 775 pediatric cases admitted with Influenza Like Illness (ILI), 92 (11.8%) had confirmed H1N1 influenza infection. The median age of HIN1 cases was 2.5 y; 13 (14%) had an associated co-morbid condition. Median duration of symptoms was 4 d (interquartile range (IQR), 3–7 d). All 92 H1N1 cases received oseltamivir and empiric antimicrobials on admission. Intensive care unit (ICU) admission was required for 88 (96%) children, and 20 (23%) required mechanical ventilation.Fifteen children (16%) died; mortality was associated with presence of diffuse alveolar infiltrate on admission chest radiography (odds ratio (OR) 45, 95%CI :5.4–370; p < 0.001), use of corticosteroids in ARDS in children who required mechanical ventilation (OR 8.12, 95%CI: 2.44–27.05; p = 0.001), SpO(2) <80% on admission (OR 32.8, 95% CI: 5.8–185.5; p < 0.001) and presence of ARDS (OR 345.3, 95% CI :33.5–3564.1; p < 0.001). Necropsy from all children who died showed 9 (60%) had ARDS pattern and necrotizing pneumonitis, diffuse hemorrhage and interstitial pneumonia (n = 4 each, 27%) with gram positive organisms consistent with severe viral and bacterial co-infection. CONCLUSIONS: Hypoxia, ARDS and use of corticosteroids in children with ARDS who were mechanically ventilated were the factors associated with increased odds of mortality. Necropsy also suggested bacterial co-infection as a risk factor. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7101687/ doi: 10.1007/s12098-011-0578-7 id: cord-290460-d5e6y2r8 author: Knighton, Andrew J. title: Multi-factorial barriers and facilitators to high adherence to lung-protective ventilation using a computerized protocol: a mixed methods study date: 2020-07-28 words: 6498.0 sentences: 296.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290460-d5e6y2r8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290460-d5e6y2r8.txt summary: We analyzed 47 key informant interviews of ICU physicians, respiratory therapists (RTs), and nurses in 3 of the ICUs using a qualitative content analysis paradigm to investigate site variation as defined by adherence level (low, medium, high) and to identify barriers and facilitators to LPV and LPV CDS tool use. We developed an interview guide using a deductive, multi-method approach: a scoping review [21] [22] [23] [24] to examine the barriers and facilitators to the use of LPV and the LPV CDS tool and interventions to improve adherence; a technical expert panel that included 4 critical care physicians, 2 hospitalists/health services researchers, 2 ICU nurse managers, 1 emergency department (ED) physician, 1 respiratory therapist (RT), and 1 implementation scientist, to identify already known or suspected barriers to implementation (simultaneous triangulation) [25] ; and categorization and summary of findings according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) [26, 27] by two experienced implementation scientists (AK, RS). abstract: BACKGROUND: Lung-protective ventilation (LPV) improves outcomes for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) through the administration of low tidal volumes (≤ 6.5 ml/kg predicted body weight [PBW]) with co-titration of positive end-expiratory pressure and fraction of inspired oxygen. Many patients with ARDS, however, are not managed with LPV. The purpose of this study was to understand the implementation barriers and facilitators to the use of LPV and a computerized LPV clinical decision support (CDS) tool in intensive care units (ICUs) in preparation for a pilot hybrid implementation-effectiveness clinical trial. METHODS: We performed an explanatory sequential mixed methods study from June 2018 to March 2019 to evaluate the variation in LPV adherence across 17 ICUs in an integrated healthcare system with > 4000 mechanically ventilated patients annually. We analyzed 47 key informant interviews of ICU physicians, respiratory therapists (RTs), and nurses in 3 of the ICUs using a qualitative content analysis paradigm to investigate site variation as defined by adherence level (low, medium, high) and to identify barriers and facilitators to LPV and LPV CDS tool use. RESULTS: Forty-two percent of patients had an initial set tidal volume of ≤ 6.5 ml/kg PBW during the measurement period (site range 21–80%). LPV CDS tool use was 28% (site range 6–91%). This study’s main findings revealed multi-factorial facilitators and barriers to use that varied by ICU site adherence level. The primary facilitator was that LPV and the LPV CDS tool could be used on all mechanically ventilated patients. Barriers included a persistent gap between clinician attitudes regarding the use of LPV and actual use, the perceived loss of autonomy associated with using a computerized protocol, the nature of physician-RT interaction in ventilation management, and the lack of clear organization measures of success. CONCLUSIONS: Variation in adherence to LPV persists in ICUs within a healthcare delivery system that was an early adopter of LPV. Potentially promising strategies to increase adherence to LPV and the LPV CDS tool for ARDS patients include initiating low tidal ventilation on all mechanically ventilated patients, establishing and measuring adherence measures, and focused education addressing the physician-RT interaction. These strategies represent a blueprint for a future hybrid implementation-effectiveness trial. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43058-020-00057-x doi: 10.1186/s43058-020-00057-x id: cord-004263-m1ujhhsc author: Koekkoek, W. A. C. title: The effect of cisatracurium infusion on the energy expenditure of critically ill patients: an observational cohort study date: 2020-02-03 words: 3155.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004263-m1ujhhsc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004263-m1ujhhsc.txt summary: title: The effect of cisatracurium infusion on the energy expenditure of critically ill patients: an observational cohort study METHODS: We studied a cohort of adult critically ill patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and treatment with continuous infusion of cisatracurium for at least 12 h. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that continuous infusion of cisatracurium in mechanically ventilated ICU patients is associated with a significant reduction in EE, although the magnitude of the effect is small. Our data suggest that continuous infusion of cisatracurium in mechanically ventilated ICU patients is associated with a significant reduction in EE as estimated by the VCO 2 method, although the magnitude of the effect is small. Validation of carbon dioxide production (VCO2) as a tool to calculate resting energy expenditure (REE) in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: a retrospective observational study abstract: BACKGROUND: Both overfeeding and underfeeding of intensive care unit (ICU) patients are associated with worse outcomes. A reliable estimation of the energy expenditure (EE) of ICU patients may help to avoid these phenomena. Several factors that influence EE have been studied previously. However, the effect of neuromuscular blocking agents on EE, which conceptually would lower EE, has not been extensively investigated. METHODS: We studied a cohort of adult critically ill patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and treatment with continuous infusion of cisatracurium for at least 12 h. The study aimed to quantify the effect of cisatracurium infusion on EE (primary endpoint). EE was estimated based on ventilator-derived VCO(2) (EE in kcal/day = VCO(2) × 8.19). A subgroup analysis of septic and non-septic patients was performed. Furthermore, the effects of body temperature and sepsis on EE were evaluated. A secondary endpoint was hypercaloric feeding (> 110% of EE) after cisatracurium infusion. RESULTS: In total, 122 patients were included. Mean EE before cisatracurium infusion was 1974 kcal/day and 1888 kcal/day after cisatracurium infusion. Multivariable analysis showed a significantly lower EE after cisatracurium infusion (MD − 132.0 kcal (95% CI − 212.0 to − 52.0; p = 0.001) in all patients. This difference was statistically significant in both sepsis and non-sepsis patients (p = 0.036 and p = 0.011). Non-sepsis patients had lower EE than sepsis patients (MD − 120.6 kcal; 95% CI − 200.5 to − 40.8, p = 0.003). Body temperature and EE were positively correlated (Spearman’s rho = 0.486, p < 0.001). Hypercaloric feeding was observed in 7 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that continuous infusion of cisatracurium in mechanically ventilated ICU patients is associated with a significant reduction in EE, although the magnitude of the effect is small. Sepsis and higher body temperature are associated with increased EE. Cisatracurium infusion is associated with overfeeding in only a minority of patients and therefore, in most patients, no reductions in caloric prescription are necessary. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6998072/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-2744-7 id: cord-286837-j2sqs20q author: Koetsier, Antonie title: Do Intensive Care Data on Respiratory Infections Reflect Influenza Epidemics? date: 2013-12-31 words: 4526.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286837-j2sqs20q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286837-j2sqs20q.txt summary: METHODS: We calculated the time lag and correlation between ILI incidence (from ILI sentinel surveillance, based on general practitioners (GP) consultations) and percentages of ICU admissions with a respiratory infection (from the Dutch National Intensive Care Registry) over the years 2003–2011. In the season 2009/2010 as well as in the season 2010/2011, ILI incidence as measured by GP sentinel practices, reached the epidemic threshold of 5.1 consultations per 10.000 enlisted patients at a time when already more than 100 patients had been hospitalized, with several ICU admissions and deaths from laboratory confirmed Influenza (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, unpublished surveillance data). In our study we built three additive Poisson GEE regression models with ICU data to predict the incidence of ILI patients, thereby detecting influenza epidemics and aimed at detecting opportunities for enhancing the current national surveillance method. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Severe influenza can lead to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. We explored whether ICU data reflect influenza like illness (ILI) activity in the general population, and whether ICU respiratory infections can predict influenza epidemics. METHODS: We calculated the time lag and correlation between ILI incidence (from ILI sentinel surveillance, based on general practitioners (GP) consultations) and percentages of ICU admissions with a respiratory infection (from the Dutch National Intensive Care Registry) over the years 2003–2011. In addition, ICU data of the first three years was used to build three regression models to predict the start and end of influenza epidemics in the years thereafter, one to three weeks ahead. The predicted start and end of influenza epidemics were compared with observed start and end of such epidemics according to the incidence of ILI. RESULTS: Peaks in respiratory ICU admissions lasted longer than peaks in ILI incidence rates. Increases in ICU admissions occurred on average two days earlier compared to ILI. Predicting influenza epidemics one, two, or three weeks ahead yielded positive predictive values ranging from 0.52 to 0.78, and sensitivities from 0.34 to 0.51. CONCLUSIONS: ICU data was associated with ILI activity, with increases in ICU data often occurring earlier and for a longer time period. However, in the Netherlands, predicting influenza epidemics in the general population using ICU data was imprecise, with low positive predictive values and sensitivities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24391837/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083854 id: cord-031327-uhrkb1p6 author: Koeze, Jacqueline title: Bundled care in acute kidney injury in critically ill patients, a before-after educational intervention study date: 2020-09-03 words: 3568.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031327-uhrkb1p6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031327-uhrkb1p6.txt summary: The educational STK bundle consisted of optimizing the fluid balance (based on urine output, serum lactate levels and/or central venous oxygen saturation), discontinuation of diuretics, maintaining a mean arterial pressure of at least 65 mmHg with the potential use of vasopressors and critical evaluation of the indication and dose of nephrotoxic drugs. Serious adverse events defined as ICU mortality, the need for RRT and/or the progression of AKI was observed in 451 patients (33%) in the STK group compared to 375 patients (29%) in the usual care group (RR 1.16, 95% confidence interval CI 1.03-1.3, p < 0.001) ( Table 3) . This study showed that implementation of an educational ''Save the Kidney bundle care in critically ill patients aiming at a reduction of AKI had no beneficial effect on patient outcome when evaluated by a composite of ICU mortality, the need for RRT and AKI progression. abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) often occurs in critically ill patients. AKI is associated with mortality and morbidity. Interventions focusing on the reduction of AKI are suggested by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guideline. We hypothesized that these educational interventions would improve outcome in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). METHODS: This was a pragmatic single-centre prospective observational before-after study design in an ICU in a tertiary referral hospital. All consecutive patients admitted to the ICU irrespective their illness were included. A ‘Save the Kidney’ (STK) bundle was encouraged via an educational intervention targeting health care providers. The educational STK bundle consisted of optimizing the fluid balance (based on urine output, serum lactate levels and/or central venous oxygen saturation), discontinuation of diuretics, maintaining a mean arterial pressure of at least 65 mmHg with the potential use of vasopressors and critical evaluation of the indication and dose of nephrotoxic drugs. The primary outcome was the composite of mortality, renal replacement therapy (RRT), and progression of AKI. Secondary outcomes were the components of the composite outcome the severity of AKI, ICU length of stay and in-hospital mortality. MAIN RESULTS: The primary outcome occurred in 451 patients (33%) in the STK group versus 375 patients (29%) in the usual care group, relative risk (RR) 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.3, p < 0.001. Secondary outcomes were, ICU mortality in 6.8% versus 5.6%, (RR 1.22, 95% CI 0.90–1.64, p = 0.068), RRT in 1.6% versus 3.6% (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.28–0.76, p = 0.002), and AKI progression in 28% versus 24% (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04–1.35, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Providing education to uniformly apply an AKI care bundle, without measurement of the implementation in a non-selected ICU population, targeted at prevention of AKI progression was not beneficial. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7469422/ doi: 10.1186/s12882-020-02029-8 id: cord-234254-svjajpp4 author: Kohler, J. title: Robust and optimal predictive control of the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-05-07 words: 13160.0 sentences: 657.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-234254-svjajpp4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-234254-svjajpp4.txt summary: Our theoretical findings support various recent studies by showing that 1) adaptive feedback strategies are required to reliably contain the COVID-19 outbreak, 2) well-designed policies can significantly reduce the number of fatalities compared to simpler ones while keeping the amount of social distancing measures on the same level, and 3) imposing stronger social distancing measures early on is more effective and cheaper in the long run than opening up too soon and restoring stricter measures at a later time. Another example for an open-loop optimal policy applied to the COVID-19 pandemic is presented in [14] where the authors consider optimal control of the German outbreak using a slightly simpler model as the one chosen in the present paper (without distinguishing between detected and undetected individuals), which also includes an increased mortality rate if the ICU capacity is exceeded. abstract: We investigate adaptive strategies to robustly and optimally control the COVID-19 pandemic via social distancing measures based on the example of Germany. Our goal is to minimize the number of fatalities over the course of two years without inducing excessive social costs. We consider a tailored model of the German COVID-19 outbreak with different parameter sets to design and validate our approach. Our analysis reveals that an open-loop optimal control policy can significantly decrease the number of fatalities when compared to simpler policies under the assumption of exact model knowledge. In a more realistic scenario with uncertain data and model mismatch, a feedback strategy that updates the policy weekly using model predictive control (MPC) leads to a reliable performance, even when applied to a validation model with deviant parameters. On top of that, we propose a robust MPC-based feedback policy using interval arithmetic that adapts the social distancing measures cautiously and safely, thus leading to a minimum number of fatalities even if measurements are inaccurate and the infection rates cannot be precisely specified by social distancing. Our theoretical findings support various recent studies by showing that 1) adaptive feedback strategies are required to reliably contain the COVID-19 outbreak, 2) well-designed policies can significantly reduce the number of fatalities compared to simpler ones while keeping the amount of social distancing measures on the same level, and 3) imposing stronger social distancing measures early on is more effective and cheaper in the long run than opening up too soon and restoring stricter measures at a later time. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.03580v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-325941-1sogg526 author: Komaru, Yohei title: Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-08-20 words: 1480.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325941-1sogg526.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325941-1sogg526.txt summary: Here, we report a retrospective analysis of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in ICU patients with COVID-19-associated respiratory failure. In this study involving 17 critically ill COVID-19 patients, we found that urinary NGAL level at ICU admission was elevated in patients who went on to develop AKI during their ICU stay. The direct infection of SARS-CoV-2 to renal tubular epithelial cells may enhance the clinical value of urinary NGAL as AKI marker among COVID-19 patients. Another finding in this study was the correlation between urinary NGAL level in the early phase of ICU stay and the length of mechanical ventilation. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) level in ICU patients with coronavirus disease 2019 associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) diagnosis and length of mechanical ventilation. In conclusion, the urinary NGAL level was significantly associated with AKI diagnosis of ICU patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32903932/ doi: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000181 id: cord-355410-oinbicza author: Kormann, Raphaël title: Coronavirus disease 2019: acute Fanconi syndrome precedes acute kidney injury date: 2020-06-08 words: 3936.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355410-oinbicza.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355410-oinbicza.txt summary: We hypothesized that Fanconi syndrome may be a clinical feature of infection of proximal tubular epithelial kidney cells in patients hospitalized with a severe form of COVID-19, and that the most severe patients admitted to ICUs may develop a more frequent and/or a more severe Fanconi syndrome. After clinical and biological signs of proximal tubule injury were detected in three COVID-19 cases, all laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients cared for in the University Regional Hospital (CHRU) of Nancy from 20 to 29 March 2020 underwent a systematic screening of tubular function by four clinicians (A.J., M.K., P.V. and S.B.). Chi-square test for trend was used for the analysis of AKI, and to compare the number of abnormalities related to proximal tubule injury between the two groups (ICU patients group and other inpatients). abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent data have shown that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 can infect renal proximal tubular cells via Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) . Our objective was to determine whether Fanconi syndrome is a frequent clinical feature in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of 42 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients without history of kidney disease hospitalized in University Hospital of Nancy was investigated. Patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (n = 28) or the Medical department (n = 14) and were screened at least once for four markers of proximal tubulopathy. RESULTS: The mean (standard deviation) follow-up was 19.7 (±12.2) days. Of the patients, 75% (30/40) showed at least two proximal tubule abnormalities (incomplete Fanconi syndrome). The main disorders were proteinuria (88%, n = 35), renal phosphate leak defined by renal phosphate threshold/glomerular filtration rate (TmPi/GFR) <0.77 (55%, n = 22), hyperuricosuria (43%, n = 17) and normoglycaemic glycosuria (30%, n = 12). At the time of the first renal evaluation, ICU patients presented more frequent (96 versus 62%, P = 0.0095) and more severe (844 ± 343 versus 350 ± 221 mg/g, P = 0.0001) proteinuria, and a trend for an increased number of proximal tubule abnormalities (P = 0.038). During follow-up, they presented a lower nadir of serum phosphate [median (interquartile range) 0.68 (0.43–0.76) versus 0.77 (0.66–1.07) mmol/L, P = 0.044] and Acute kidney Injury (AKI) during the hospitalization (P = 0.045). Fanconi syndrome preceded severe AKI KDIGO Stages 2 and 3 in 88% (7/8) of patients. Proximal tubular abnormalities (such as proteinuria, TmPi/GFR and glycosuria in five, two and two patients, respectively) were not detected anymore in recovering patients before hospital discharge. CONCLUSION: Incomplete Fanconi syndrome is highly frequent in COVID-19 patients and precedes AKI or disappears during the recovery phase. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfaa109 doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa109 id: cord-265022-p5cab562 author: Kotfis, Katarzyna title: COVID-19: ICU delirium management during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic date: 2020-04-28 words: 5426.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265022-p5cab562.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265022-p5cab562.txt summary: Indeed, patients with COVID-19 are at accelerated risk for delirium due to at least seven factors including (1) direct central nervous system (CNS) invasion, (2) induction of CNS inflammatory mediators, (3) secondary effect of other organ system failure, (4) effect of sedative strategies, (5) prolonged mechanical ventilation time, (6) immobilization, and (7) other needed but unfortunate environmental factors including social isolation and quarantine without family. Given early insights into the pathobiology of the virus, as well as the emerging interventions utilized to treat the critically ill patients, delirium prevention and management will prove exceedingly challenging, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). Many hospitalized patients with COVID-19 will develop delirium, and given early insights into the pathobiology of this virus indicating invasion into the brain stem, as well as the emerging interventions utilized to treat these critically ill patients, delirium prevention and management may prove exceedingly challenging, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). abstract: The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2-causing Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), emerged as a public health threat in December 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Delirium, a dangerous untoward prognostic development, serves as a barometer of systemic injury in critical illness. The early reports of 25% encephalopathy from China are likely a gross underestimation, which we know occurs whenever delirium is not monitored with a valid tool. Indeed, patients with COVID-19 are at accelerated risk for delirium due to at least seven factors including (1) direct central nervous system (CNS) invasion, (2) induction of CNS inflammatory mediators, (3) secondary effect of other organ system failure, (4) effect of sedative strategies, (5) prolonged mechanical ventilation time, (6) immobilization, and (7) other needed but unfortunate environmental factors including social isolation and quarantine without family. Given early insights into the pathobiology of the virus, as well as the emerging interventions utilized to treat the critically ill patients, delirium prevention and management will prove exceedingly challenging, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). The main focus during the COVID-19 pandemic lies within organizational issues, i.e., lack of ventilators, shortage of personal protection equipment, resource allocation, prioritization of limited mechanical ventilation options, and end-of-life care. However, the standard of care for ICU patients, including delirium management, must remain the highest quality possible with an eye towards long-term survival and minimization of issues related to post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). This article discusses how ICU professionals (e.g., physicians, nurses, physiotherapists, pharmacologists) can use our knowledge and resources to limit the burden of delirium on patients by reducing modifiable risk factors despite the imposed heavy workload and difficult clinical challenges posed by the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-02882-x doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-02882-x id: cord-003832-q1422ydi author: Koyama, Kansuke title: Biomarker profiles of coagulopathy and alveolar epithelial injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome with idiopathic/immune-related disease or common direct risk factors date: 2019-08-19 words: 4659.0 sentences: 242.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-003832-q1422ydi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-003832-q1422ydi.txt summary: title: Biomarker profiles of coagulopathy and alveolar epithelial injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome with idiopathic/immune-related disease or common direct risk factors This study aimed to investigate the biomarker profiles of coagulopathy and alveolar epithelial injury in two subtypes of ARDS: patients with direct common risk factors (dARDS) and those with idiopathic or immune-related diseases (iARDS), which are classified as "ARDS without common risk factors" based on the Berlin definition. Although no risk factors or causes are identified in this subgroup of ARDS, recent studies have shown that many patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia have clinical features that suggest an underlying immune process, indicating that the pathobiology of idiopathic and immunerelated diseases may partially overlap [9, 10] . The aim of this study was to examine the profiles of the plasma biomarkers that reflect coagulopathy and alveolar epithelial injury in patients with idiopathic/immune-related ARDS (iARDS) and in those with common direct risk factors (dARDS). abstract: BACKGROUND: Altered coagulation and alveolar injury are the hallmarks of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, whether the biomarkers that reflect pathophysiology differ depending on the etiology of ARDS has not been examined. This study aimed to investigate the biomarker profiles of coagulopathy and alveolar epithelial injury in two subtypes of ARDS: patients with direct common risk factors (dARDS) and those with idiopathic or immune-related diseases (iARDS), which are classified as “ARDS without common risk factors” based on the Berlin definition. METHODS: This retrospective, observational study included adult patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at a university hospital with a diagnosis of ARDS with no indirect risk factors. Plasma biomarkers (thrombin–antithrombin complex [TAT], plasminogen activator inhibitor [PAI]-1, protein C [PC] activity, procalcitonin [PCT], surfactant protein [SP]-D, and KL-6) were routinely measured during the first 5 days of the patient’s ICU stay. RESULTS: Among 138 eligible patients with ARDS, 51 were excluded based on the exclusion criteria (n = 41) or other causes of ARDS (n = 10). Of the remaining 87 patients, 56 were identified as having dARDS and 31 as having iARDS. Among the iARDS patients, TAT (marker of thrombin generation) and PAI-1 (marker of inhibited fibrinolysis) were increased, and PC activity was above normal. In contrast, PC activity was significantly decreased, and TAT or PAI-1 was present at much higher levels in dARDS compared with iARDS patients. Significant differences were also observed in PCT, SP-D, and KL-6 between patients with dARDS and iARDS. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that areas under the ROC curve for PC activity, PAI-1, PCT, SP-D, and KL-6 were similarly high for distinguishing between dARDS and iARDS (PC 0.86, P = 0.33; PAI-1 0.89, P = 0.95; PCT 0.89, P = 0.66; and SP-D 0.88, P = 0.16 vs. KL-6 0.90, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Coagulopathy and alveolar epithelial injury were observed in both patients with dARDS and with iARDS. However, their biomarker profiles were significantly different between the two groups. The different patterns of PAI-1, PC activity, SP-D, and KL-6 may help in differentiating between these ARDS subtypes. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s13054-019-2559-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6699073/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-019-2559-6 id: cord-314349-rhm1ii3d author: Kraft, Miquel title: Incidence, features, outcome and impact on health system of de-novo abdominal surgical diseases in patients admitted with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Objective to assess the epidemiology and features of de novo surgical diseases in patients admitted with COVID-19, and their impact on patients and healthcare system. Summary Background Data Gastrointestinal involvement has been described in COVID-19; however, no clear figures of incidence, epidemiology and economic impact exist for de-novo surgical diseases in hospitalized patients Methods This is a prospective study including all patients admitted with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 rT-PCR, between 1 March and 15 May 2020 at two Tertiary Hospitals. Patients with known surgical disease at admission were excluded. Sub-analyses were performed with a consecutive group of COVID-19 patients admitted during the study period, who did not require surgical consultation. Results Ten out of 3089 COVID-19 positive patients (0.32%) required surgical consultation. Among those admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) incidence was 1.9%. Mortality was 40% in patients requiring immediate surgery and 20% in those suitable for conservative management. The overall median length of stay(LOS) of patients admitted to ICU was longer in those requiring surgical consultation compared with those who did not (51.5 vs 25 days,p=0.0042). Patients requiring surgical consultation and treatment for de-novo surgical disease had longer median ICU-LOS (31.5 vs 12 days, p=0.0004). A median of two post-surgical complications were registered for each patient undergoing surgery. Complication-associated costs were as high as 38,962 USD per patient. Conclusions Incidence of de-novo surgical diseases is low in COVID-19, but it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Future studies should elucidate the mechanism underlying the condition and identify strategies to prevent the need for surgery. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32972853/ doi: 10.1016/j.surge.2020.08.006 id: cord-291434-oktu3ieq author: Krishna, Lalit Kumar Radha title: The role of palliative medicine in ICU bed allocation in COVID-19: a joint position statement of the Singapore Hospice Council and the Chapter of Palliative Medicine Physicians date: 2020-06-01 words: 1540.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291434-oktu3ieq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291434-oktu3ieq.txt summary: Facing the possibility of a surge of COVID-19-infected patients requiring ventilatory support in Intensive Care Units (ICU), the Singapore Hospice Council and the Chapter of Palliative Medicine Physicians forward its position on the guiding principles that ought to drive the allocation of ICU beds and its role in care of these patients and their families. Involvement of PM physicians in triaging patients for ventilated ICU beds (British Medical Association 2020) should be led by clear ethical and practical considerations. This will facilitate clear communication with the public regarding the practical and ethical issues surrounding allocation of scarce ICU resources and attenuate concerns about discrimination against minority groups, boost trust in the public healthcare system, facilitate transparent, accountable and evidence-based decision making, and build solidarity within the community. In addition the PM team must be involved in supporting healthcare professionals in the ICU and those caring for patients not been allocated ICU beds. For patients not allocated ICU beds, PM physicians and MSWs should be involved immediately to support the patient''s and their family''s needs. abstract: Facing the possibility of a surge of COVID-19-infected patients requiring ventilatory support in Intensive Care Units (ICU), the Singapore Hospice Council and the Chapter of Palliative Medicine Physicians forward its position on the guiding principles that ought to drive the allocation of ICU beds and its role in care of these patients and their families. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41649-020-00128-0 doi: 10.1007/s41649-020-00128-0 id: cord-297544-h5dsnex9 author: Kulkarni, Sagar title: The bone prone team date: 2020-06-26 words: 689.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 73.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297544-h5dsnex9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297544-h5dsnex9.txt summary: This article tells the tale of the orthopaedic surgeons who rose to the challenge of helping to treat coronavirus patients on the intensive care unit. Authors: Sagar Kulkarni 1 I recall the first time we called the orthopaedic surgeons for assistance. Once, an orthopaedic surgeon attended the ICU after a challenging trauma case, asking, "I got bleeped two hours ago; is everything okay? With typical orthopaedic precision, proning would happen on a schedule -every day, the bone prone team, composed of several consultants, registrars and senior house officers, would attend the ICU at 8am and 5pm, ready to prone. One morning, the bone prone team attended the ICU, like a sports team descending from a tour bus. Once we (the ICU and orthopaedic teams) had all donned our PPE, we entered the unit together. Six weeks later, all patients who were proned on that day survived ICU. abstract: When the COVID-19 pandemic arrived in the United Kingdom, elective orthopaedics was halted. This article tells the tale of the orthopaedic surgeons who rose to the challenge of helping to treat coronavirus patients on the intensive care unit. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcot.2020.06.031 doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.06.031 id: cord-315143-s0nfejq8 author: Kumar, Abhyuday title: COVID-19 pandemic and the need for objective criteria for ICU admissions date: 2020-06-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952818020310710?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109945 id: cord-311159-qatiqnac author: Kupczyk, Maciej title: Life threatening pneumonia in a lupus patient: a case report date: 2008-07-31 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: We report a case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a 44-year old Caucasian woman complicated with pneumonia and severe respiratory failure requiring ICU treatment and mechanical ventilation. Symptoms developed in a generally well controlled SLE course after sudden stop in immunosupresant therapy (methotrexate, cyclosporin and methylprednisolone). A fulminant course of the disease, an interstitial pattern in a high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and negative repeated sputum, blood and bronchoaspirate cultures enabled diagnosis of fulminant lupus pneumonitis. The response to pulses of cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone was good but complicated with a significant leukopenia. HRCT confirmed significant remission of pulmonary changes. Fulminant lupus pneumonitis is a rare but potentially life threatening complication of SLE. Differential diagnosis requires exclusion of pneumonia induced by pathogens such as Pneumocystis jirovevecii (carinii) and Mycobacterium sp. Intensive immunosuppressive therapy and close cooperation between ICU, pulmonology and rheumatology departments is necessary in such a case to minimalize the risk of fatal outcome. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-1626-1-70 doi: 10.1186/1757-1626-1-70 id: cord-010775-1f9g4t5y author: Labeau, S. O. title: Less daily oral hygiene is more in the ICU: not sure date: 2020-04-01 words: 1312.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-010775-1f9g4t5y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010775-1f9g4t5y.txt summary: Accumulating evidence of the effectiveness of oral care with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) or postoperative pneumonia [1, 2] has led to adopting CHG oral care as the gold standard for intubated patients. Although the authors report no measures of reliability or validity of the instrument, their tool might be a first step towards better matching timing and frequency of oral care to the specific needs of individual ICU patients and to turn ''more'' into a ''less'' of at least equal quality. Optimal frequency for various aspects of daily oral hygiene (teeth brushing, moisturizing, mouthwash) Outcome: oral health as measured through specific, valid and reliable oral assessment tools for intubated and non-intubated ICU patients, respectively Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7222041/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-06021-6 id: cord-325599-2gutb4m1 author: Lapidus, Nathanael title: Biased and unbiased estimation of the average length of stay in intensive care units in the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-16 words: 4399.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325599-2gutb4m1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325599-2gutb4m1.txt summary: METHODS: Two estimation methods of ICU_ALOS were compared: the average LOS of already discharged patients at the date of estimation (DPE), and a standard parametric method used for analyzing time-to-event data which fits a given distribution to observed data and includes the censored stays of patients still treated in the ICU at the date of estimation (CPE). In this study, we present a detailed examination of the timeline of the whole cohort of consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to a devoted ICU of the Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan University (ZHWU) in which we investigated the evolution of the ALOS estimation according to the accumulation of the cases, using two methods of estimation. The study also recalls that appropriate methods of estimation require the inclusion of censored cases in the analysis, and we also demonstrate the important bias associated with calculations only based on the stays of already discharged patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: The average length of stay (LOS) in the intensive care unit (ICU_ALOS) is a helpful parameter summarizing critical bed occupancy. During the outbreak of a novel virus, estimating early a reliable ICU_ALOS estimate of infected patients is critical to accurately parameterize models examining mitigation and preparedness scenarios. METHODS: Two estimation methods of ICU_ALOS were compared: the average LOS of already discharged patients at the date of estimation (DPE), and a standard parametric method used for analyzing time-to-event data which fits a given distribution to observed data and includes the censored stays of patients still treated in the ICU at the date of estimation (CPE). Methods were compared on a series of all COVID-19 consecutive cases (n = 59) admitted in an ICU devoted to such patients. At the last follow-up date, 99 days after the first admission, all patients but one had been discharged. A simulation study investigated the generalizability of the methods' patterns. CPE and DPE estimates were also compared to COVID-19 estimates reported to date. RESULTS: LOS ≥ 30 days concerned 14 out of the 59 patients (24%), including 8 of the 21 deaths observed. Two months after the first admission, 38 (64%) patients had been discharged, with corresponding DPE and CPE estimates of ICU_ALOS (95% CI) at 13.0 days (10.4–15.6) and 23.1 days (18.1–29.7), respectively. Series' true ICU_ALOS was greater than 21 days, well above reported estimates to date. CONCLUSIONS: Discharges of short stays are more likely observed earlier during the course of an outbreak. Cautious unbiased ICU_ALOS estimates suggest parameterizing a higher burden of ICU bed occupancy than that adopted to date in COVID-19 forecasting models. FUNDING: Support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81900097 to Dr. Zhou) and the Emergency Response Project of Hubei Science and Technology Department (2020FCA023 to Pr. Zhao). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33063241/ doi: 10.1186/s13613-020-00749-6 id: cord-011483-zc6ve6le author: Leclerc, Angela M. title: Amantadine and Modafinil as Neurostimulants Following Acute Stroke: A Retrospective Study of Intensive Care Unit Patients date: 2020-05-20 words: 5727.0 sentences: 260.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011483-zc6ve6le.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011483-zc6ve6le.txt summary: Neurostimulant administration data were extracted from the electronic medication administration record, including medication (amantadine, modafinil, or both), starting dose, time from stroke to initiation, and whether the neurostimulant was continued at hospital discharge. Amantadine and modafinil are administered to patients following acute stroke in our intensive care unit (ICU) on an ad hoc basis, but data supporting this practice are largely limited to delayed treatment in rehabilitation or outpatient facilities with very few reports during the acute care hospitalization [17] [18] [19] . Two hundred five patients received amantadine and/ or modafinil during the 3.7 year study period and 118 patients were initially excluded: neurostimulant administered for an indication other than acute stroke (TBI [n = 50], cardiac arrest [n = 15], brain tumor [n = 6], encephalitis [n = 5], or encephalopathy [n = 4]); neurostimulant prescribed prior to hospital admission (n = 27) or administered for < 72 h (n = 8); or history of seizures (n = 3). abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Neurostimulants may improve or accelerate cognitive and functional recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), ischemic stroke (IS), or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but few studies have described their safety and effectiveness in the intensive care unit (ICU). The objective of this study was to describe amantadine and modafinil administration practices during acute stroke care starting in the ICU and to evaluate safety and effectiveness. METHODS: Consecutive adult ICU patients treated with amantadine and/or modafinil following acute non-traumatic IS, ICH, or SAH were evaluated. Neurostimulant administration data were extracted from the electronic medication administration record, including medication (amantadine, modafinil, or both), starting dose, time from stroke to initiation, and whether the neurostimulant was continued at hospital discharge. Patients were considered responders if they met two of three criteria within 9 days of neurostimulant initiation: increase in Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score ≥ 3 points from pre-treatment baseline, improved wakefulness or participation documented in caregiver notes, or clinical improvement documented in physical or occupational therapy notes. Potential confounders of the effectiveness assessment and adverse drug effects were also recorded. RESULTS: A total of 87 patients were evaluable during the 3.7-year study period, including 41 (47%) with ICH, 29 (33%) with IS, and 17 (20%) with SAH. The initial neurostimulant administered was amantadine in 71 (82%) patients, modafinil in 13 (15%), or both in 3 (3%) patients. Neurostimulants were initiated a median of 7 (4.25, 12.75) days post-stroke (range 1–27 days) for somnolence (77%), not following commands (32%), lack of eye opening (28%), or low GCS (17%). The most common starting dose was 100 mg twice daily for both amantadine (86%) and modafinil (54%). Of the 79 patients included in the effectiveness evaluation, 42 (53%) were considered responders, including 34/62 (55%) receiving amantadine monotherapy and 8/24 (33%) receiving both amantadine and modafinil at the time they met the definition of a responder. No patient receiving modafinil monotherapy was considered a responder. The median time from initiation to response was 3 (2, 5) days. Responders were more frequently discharged home or to acute rehabilitation compared to non-responders (90% vs 62%, p = 0.006). Among survivors, 63/72 (88%) were prescribed a neurostimulant at hospital discharge. The most common potential adverse drug effect was sleep disruption (16%). CONCLUSIONS: Neurostimulant administration during acute stroke care may improve wakefulness. Future controlled studies with a neurostimulant administration protocol, prospective evaluation, and discretely defined response and safety criteria are needed to confirm these encouraging findings. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12028-020-00986-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7239352/ doi: 10.1007/s12028-020-00986-4 id: cord-006760-mgrxo21j author: Lee, James C. title: Critical care management of the lung transplant recipient date: 2012-06-22 words: 5045.0 sentences: 239.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006760-mgrxo21j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006760-mgrxo21j.txt summary: Given the severity of illness of such patients at the time of surgery, lung transplant recipients require particular attention in the immediate post-operative period to ensure optimal short-term and long-term outcomes. Causes and treatment of conditions affecting early morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients will be detailed, including primary graft dysfunction, cardiovascular and surgical complications, and immunologic and infectious issues. This review aims to summarize the most important aspects of the critical care management of the lung transplant recipient in the peri-operative time period [3] [4] [5] [6] . The immediate post-operative period in the ICU remains the most critical for the lung transplant recipient, requiring continuous hemodynamic monitoring, often maximal ventilatory support, and close observation of chest tube output for evidence of bleeding or other surgical complications. If the critically ill lung transplant recipient experiences peri-operative hypotension, aggressive diuresis for PGD, and is on numerous potentially other nephrotoxic medications, renal dysfunction may be prolonged and severe, leading to serious long-term complications. abstract: Lung transplantation provides the prospect of improved survival and quality of life for patients with end stage lung and pulmonary vascular diseases. Given the severity of illness of such patients at the time of surgery, lung transplant recipients require particular attention in the immediate post-operative period to ensure optimal short-term and long-term outcomes. The management of such patients involves active involvement of a multidisciplinary team versed in common post-operative complications. This review provides an overview of such complications as they pertain to the practitioners caring for post-operative lung transplant recipients. Causes and treatment of conditions affecting early morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients will be detailed, including primary graft dysfunction, cardiovascular and surgical complications, and immunologic and infectious issues. Additionally, lung donor management issues and bridging the critically ill potential lung transplant recipient to transplantation will be discussed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7102351/ doi: 10.1007/s13665-012-0018-9 id: cord-257361-7q0vbvvd author: Lee, James S. title: Critical care for COVID-19 during a humanitarian crisis—lessons learnt from Yemen date: 2020-09-23 words: 1296.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257361-7q0vbvvd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257361-7q0vbvvd.txt summary: In May 2020, Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders (MSF) opened three COVID-19 treatment centres (CTC) in Sanaa and Aden, Yemen [1] . MSF''s three CTCs included wards and ICUs. Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) received global attention but is only the visible "tip of the iceberg" for COVID-19 care. Each ICU had contextspecific resource constraints resulting in differences in the package of care related to equipment (ultrasound), investigations (laboratory, x-ray), oxygen supply, nutrition, medications, and staff (specialist doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, social workers, pharmacists, logisticians). Prone positioning had never been performed locally, but successfully taught in all 3 ICUs. Teaching critical care concepts within a few days (which typically take years of training) was challenging enough, but further complexity was added by simultaneously managing patients with a new disease, where medical knowledge of COVID-19 was evolving daily. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32972450/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03281-y id: cord-275838-un11s2mr author: Levy, Jonathan title: A model for a ventilator-weaning and early rehabilitation unit to deal with post-ICU impairments with severe COVID-19 date: 2020-04-18 words: 863.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275838-un11s2mr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275838-un11s2mr.txt summary: title: A model for a ventilator-weaning and early rehabilitation unit to deal with post-ICU impairments with severe COVID-19 Median length of hospital stay was 12 days (1), but patients with severe disease may remain in intensive care units (ICUs) for 2 to 3 weeks, and survival time for non-survivors has been reported to be 1 to 2 weeks (2). There is a growing need for ventilator weaning units that could help ICUs discharge ventilator-dependent patients with stable disease and no other organ failure but respiratory or neurological features. Mean ICU length of stay before admission in the weaning unit was 11 (4.0) days (vs 3 weeks in the Chinese series (2)). By the date of final acceptance of this article (April 11), we counted 86,740 active cases of COVID-19 in France; 7,004 patients were considered to have serious or critical disease and were in an ICU. It also allows for a physical medicine and rehabilitation holistic evaluation of post-critical COVID-19 patients. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1877065720300774 doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2020.04.002 id: cord-294992-p50jdpt7 author: Levy, Yael title: Unexpected benefits of the COVID challenge: When critically ill adult patients are managed in a pediatric PACU date: 2020-09-22 words: 723.0 sentences: 51.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294992-p50jdpt7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294992-p50jdpt7.txt summary: title: Unexpected benefits of the COVID challenge: When critically ill adult patients are managed in a pediatric PACU As surgical procedures were restricted to emergency cases, we decided to locate the temporary COVID-ICU in the pediatric postanesthesia care unit (PACU). One of our physicians had worked for five years in adult critical care before joining the pediatric anesthesia team: She gathered resources from several adult ICUs, and coordinated the redaction of medical and paramedical protocols for our team. In addition, doctors were encouraged to use the online resources dedicated to COVID management: webinars, MOOCs…, etc A daily teleconference was held to exchange information, provide medical advice, and discuss cases between the different ICUs of Paris. Managing critically ill COVID-19-infected adults was medically and scientifically challenging for our pediatric team. Unexpected benefits of the COVID challenge: When critically ill adult patients are managed in a pediatric PACU | 959 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32959973/ doi: 10.1111/pan.13980 id: cord-338403-mfde6juv author: Li, Bo title: Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China date: 2020-03-11 words: 3419.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338403-mfde6juv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338403-mfde6juv.txt summary: METHODS: A meta-analysis of eligible studies that summarized the prevalence of cardiovascular metabolic diseases in COVID-19 and compared the incidences of the comorbidities in ICU/severe and non-ICU/severe patients was performed. Inclusion criteria are as follows: (1) comparative studies: randomised controlled trials RCTs or non-RCTs published in English; (2) study population: more than ten participants were included in the study; (3) study intervention: patients in the studies should be confirmed to have been infected by 2019 novel coronavirus; (4) parameters: the comorbidities of cardiovascular metabolic diseases and the outcome of cardiac injury should be given. Systematic analysis of studies that described the epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19 cases and reported the prevalence of cardiovascular metabolic diseases as well as the impact on cardiac injury in the infectious disease, has identified six reports with 1527 patients ( Table 1 ). abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies have reminded that cardiovascular metabolic comorbidities made patients more susceptible to suffer 2019 novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) disease (COVID-19), and exacerbated the infection. The aim of this analysis is to determine the association of cardiovascular metabolic diseases with the development of COVID-19. METHODS: A meta-analysis of eligible studies that summarized the prevalence of cardiovascular metabolic diseases in COVID-19 and compared the incidences of the comorbidities in ICU/severe and non-ICU/severe patients was performed. Embase and PubMed were searched for relevant studies. RESULTS: A total of six studies with 1527 patients were included in this analysis. The proportions of hypertension, cardia-cerebrovascular disease and diabetes in patients with COVID-19 were 17.1%, 16.4% and 9.7%, respectively. The incidences of hypertension, cardia-cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes were about twofolds, threefolds and twofolds, respectively, higher in ICU/severe cases than in their non-ICU/severe counterparts. At least 8.0% patients with COVID-19 suffered the acute cardiac injury. The incidence of acute cardiac injury was about 13 folds higher in ICU/severe patients compared with the non-ICU/severe patients. CONCLUSION: Patients with previous cardiovascular metabolic diseases may face a greater risk of developing into the severe condition and the comorbidities can also greatly affect the prognosis of the COVID-19. On the other hand, COVID-19 can, in turn, aggravate the damage to the heart. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-020-01626-9 doi: 10.1007/s00392-020-01626-9 id: cord-304124-ym9mf5wz author: Li, Jia title: Meta-analysis investigating the relationship between clinical features, outcomes, and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia date: 2020-06-12 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the relationship between clinical characteristics, outcomes and the severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to assess the clinical characteristics and outcomes of confirmed COVID-19 cases and compared severe (ICU) and non-severe (non-ICU) groups. RESULTS: We included 12 cohort studies including 2445 patients with COVID-19. Compared with non-severe (non-ICU) patients, severe (ICU) disease was associated with a smoking history (P=0.003) and comorbidities including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR=5.08, P<0.001), diabetes (OR=3.17, P<0.001), hypertension (OR=2.40, P<0.001), coronary heart disease (OR=2.66, P<0.001), cerebrovascular diseases (OR=2.68, P=0.008), and malignancy (OR=2.21, P=0.040). We found significant differences between the two groups for fever, dyspnea, decreased lymphocyte and platelet counts, and increased leukocyte count, C-creative protein, procalcitonin, lactose dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine kinase, and creatinine levels (P<0.05). Significant differences were also observed for multiple treatments (P<0.05). Patients in the severe (ICU) group were more likely to have complications and had a much higher mortality rate and lower discharge rate than those with non-severe (non-ICU) disease (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Investigation of clinical characteristics and outcomes of severe cases of COVID-19 will contribute to early prediction, accurate diagnosis, and treatment to improve the prognosis of patients with severe illness. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320303692?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.008 id: cord-347662-yk3cz0hq author: Li, Michael title: Tocilizumab in the Management of COVID-19: A Preliminary Report date: 2020-11-09 words: 3300.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347662-yk3cz0hq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347662-yk3cz0hq.txt summary: EXPOSURES: Confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Outcomes data related to length of stay, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), requirement of mechanical ventilation, and mortality were collected and analyzed. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: Our retrospective analysis revealed an association between Tocilizumab administration and increased mortality, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and length of stay in subjects with COVID-19. On this basis, physicians at our hospitals have administered Tocilizumab to COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory impairment off-label and outside of a clinical trial hoping to improve outcomes by preventing or ameliorating the development or progression of the COVID-19 related cytokine storm, thereby inhibiting the development of ARDS in both the intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU settings. Criteria for inclusion in the Tocilizumab treatment group included: 1) age of 18 years or older with a clinical presentation consistent with COVID-19 (e.g., fever, respiratory symptoms, and new pulmonary infiltrates), 2) laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection by an RT-PCR test, and 3) outcome data available. abstract: IMPORTANCE: Pneumonia due to COVID-19 can lead to respiratory failure and death due to the development of the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the interleukin-6 receptor, is being administered off-label to some patients with COVID-19, and although early small studies suggested a benefit, there are no conclusive data proving its usefulness. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 with or without treatment with Tocilizumab. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective study of 1,938 patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to hospitals within the Jefferson Health system in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, between March 25, 2020 and June 17, 2020, of which 307 received Tocilizumab. EXPOSURES: Confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Outcomes data related to length of stay, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), requirement of mechanical ventilation, and mortality were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: The average age was 65.2, with 47% women; 36.4% were African-American. The average length of stay was 22 days with 26.3% of patients requiring admission to the ICU and 14.9% requiring mechanical ventilation. The overall mortality was 15.3%. Older age, admission to an ICU, and requirement for mechanical ventilation were associated with higher mortality. Treatment with Tocilizumab was also associated with higher mortality, which was mainly observed in subjects not requiring care in an ICU with estimated odds ratio (OR) of 2.9 (p = 0.0004). Tocilizumab treatment was also associated with higher likelihood of admission to an ICU (OR = 4.8, p < 0.0001), progression to requiring mechanical ventilation (OR = 6.6, p < 0.0001), and increased length of stay (OR = 16.2, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: Our retrospective analysis revealed an association between Tocilizumab administration and increased mortality, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and length of stay in subjects with COVID-19. Prospective trials are needed to evaluate the true effect of Tocilizumab in this condition. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002962920304912?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.11.005 id: cord-003085-7krf1yxz author: Li, Xi title: Cytomegalovirus infection and outcome in immunocompetent patients in the intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2018-06-28 words: 3797.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-003085-7krf1yxz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-003085-7krf1yxz.txt summary: When analysis was limited to detection in blood, CMV infection without antiviral drug treatment or reactivation was not significantly associated with higher mortality (OR: 1.69, 95%CI 0.81–3.54, I(2) = 52%, n = 722; OR: 1.49, I(2) = 63%, n = 469). Thus, to acquire a better understanding of the potential role of CMV infection in contributing to mortality in critically ill patients, especially those not receiving antiviral agents and CMV detected in blood, we performed a meta-analysis of data available in the literature, focusing on the outcome in immunocompetent ICU patients with CMV infection. We obtained information on basic study characteristics (author, year of publication, country of origin, study period, setting, and study design), characteristic population, the site and detection method of sample, CMV seropositivity, CMV infection incidence, all-cause mortality, length of ICU/hospital stay, length of mechanical ventilation, and administration of antiviral drugs. abstract: BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is common in immunocompetent patients in intensive care units (ICUs). However, whether CMV infection or CMV reactivation contributes to mortality of immunocompetent patients remains unclear. METHODS: A literature search was conducted for relevant studies published before May 30, 2016. Studies reporting on CMV infection in immunocompetent patients in ICUs and containing 2 × 2 tables on CMV results and all-cause mortality were included. RESULTS: Eighteen studies involving 2398 immunocompetent patients admitted to ICUs were included in the meta-analysis. The overall rate of CMV infection was 27% (95%CI 22–34%, I(2) = 89%, n = 2398) and the CMV reactivation was 31% (95%CI 24–39%, I(2) = 74%, n = 666). The odds ratio (OR) for all-cause mortality among patients with CMV infection, compared with those without infection, was 2.16 (95%CI 1.70–2.74, I(2) = 10%, n = 2239). Moreover, upon exclusion of studies in which antiviral treatment was possibly or definitely provided to some patients, the association of mortality rate with CMV infection was also statistically significant (OR: 1.69, 95%CI 1.01–2.83, I(2) = 37%, n = 912,). For CMV seropositive patients, the OR for mortality in patients with CMV reactivation as compared with patients without CMV reactivation was 1.72 (95%CI 1.04–2.85, I(2) = 29%, n = 664). Patients with CMV infection required significantly longer mechanical ventilation (mean difference (MD): 9 days (95% CI 5–14, I(2) = 81%, n = 875)) and longer duration of ICU stay (MD: 12 days (95% CI 7–17, I(2) = 70%, n = 949)) than patients without CMV infection. When analysis was limited to detection in blood, CMV infection without antiviral drug treatment or reactivation was not significantly associated with higher mortality (OR: 1.69, 95%CI 0.81–3.54, I(2) = 52%, n = 722; OR: 1.49, I(2) = 63%, n = 469). CONCLUSION: Critically ill patients without immunosuppression admitted to ICUs show a high rate of CMV infection. CMV infection during the natural unaltered course or reactivation in critically ill patients is associated with increased mortality, but have no effect on mortality when CMV in blood. More studies are needed to clarify the impact of CMV infection on clinical outcomes in those patients. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3195-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6027797/ doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-3195-5 id: cord-035216-gdhz7mr4 author: Li, Xiaoran title: Deep learning prediction of likelihood of ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19 patients using clinical variables date: 2020-11-06 words: 3780.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035216-gdhz7mr4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035216-gdhz7mr4.txt summary: title: Deep learning prediction of likelihood of ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19 patients using clinical variables BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop a deep-learning model and a risk-score system using clinical variables to predict intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. A deep neural network model and a risk-score system were constructed to predict ICU admission and in-hospital mortality. The performance of the DNN model yielded an AUC = 0.780 (95% CI [0.760-0.785]), sensitivity = 0.760, specificity = 0.709 and F1 score = 0.551 in predicting ICU admission for the testing set (Table 2) . Although these variables have been previously associated with COVID-19 infection, most previous studies did not rank these clinical variables, or develop predictive models or risk scores to predict ICU admission or mortality. We implemented a deep-learning algorithm and a risk score model to predict the likelihood of ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19 patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop a deep-learning model and a risk-score system using clinical variables to predict intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: This retrospective study consisted of 5,766 persons-under-investigation for COVID-19 between 7 February 2020 and 4 May 2020. Demographics, chronic comorbidities, vital signs, symptoms and laboratory tests at admission were collected. A deep neural network model and a risk-score system were constructed to predict ICU admission and in-hospital mortality. Prediction performance used the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS: The top ICU predictors were procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, ferritin and oxygen saturation. The top mortality predictors were age, lactate dehydrogenase, procalcitonin, cardiac troponin, C-reactive protein and oxygen saturation. Age and troponin were unique top predictors for mortality but not ICU admission. The deep-learning model predicted ICU admission and mortality with an AUC of 0.780 (95% CI [0.760–0.785]) and 0.844 (95% CI [0.839–0.848]), respectively. The corresponding risk scores yielded an AUC of 0.728 (95% CI [0.726–0.729]) and 0.848 (95% CI [0.847–0.849]), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Deep learning and the resultant risk score have the potential to provide frontline physicians with quantitative tools to stratify patients more effectively in time-sensitive and resource-constrained circumstances. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7651477/ doi: 10.7717/peerj.10337 id: cord-304746-7yzybukk author: Li, Xinye title: Cardiac injury associated with severe disease or ICU admission and death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis and systematic review date: 2020-07-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac injury is now a common complication of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), but it remains unclear whether cardiac injury-related biomarkers can be independent predictors of mortality and severe disease development or intensive care unit (ICU) admission. METHODS: Two investigators searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, MedRxiv, and ChinaXiv databases for articles published through March 30, 2020. Retrospective studies assessing the relationship between the prognosis of COVID-19 patients and levels of troponin I (TnI) and other cardiac injury biomarkers (creatine kinase [CK], CK myocardial band [CK-MB], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) were included. The data were extracted independently by two investigators. RESULTS: The analysis included 23 studies with 4631 total individuals. The proportions of severe disease, ICU admission, or death among patients with non-elevated TnI (or troponin T [TnT]), and those with elevated TnI (or TnT) were 12.0% and 64.5%, 11.8% and 56.0%, and 8.2% and. 59.3%, respectively. Patients with elevated TnI levels had significantly higher risks of severe disease, ICU admission, and death (RR 5.57, 95% CI 3.04 to 10.22, P < 0.001; RR 6.20, 95% CI 2.52 to 15.29, P < 0.001; RR 5.64, 95% CI 2.69 to 11.83, P < 0.001). Patients with an elevated CK level were at significantly increased risk of severe disease or ICU admission (RR 1.98, 95% CI 1.50 to 2.61, P < 0.001). Patients with elevated CK-MB levels were at a higher risk of developing severe disease or requiring ICU admission (RR 3.24, 95% CI 1.66 to 6.34, P = 0.001). Patients with newly occurring arrhythmias were at higher risk of developing severe disease or requiring ICU admission (RR 13.09, 95% CI 7.00 to 24.47, P < 0.001). An elevated IL-6 level was associated with a higher risk of developing severe disease, requiring ICU admission, or death. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 patients with elevated TnI levels are at significantly higher risk of severe disease, ICU admission, and death. Elevated CK, CK-MB, LDH, and IL-6 levels and emerging arrhythmia are associated with the development of severe disease and need for ICU admission, and the mortality is significantly higher in patients with elevated LDH and IL-6 levels. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03183-z doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03183-z id: cord-004422-oep1grwq author: Li, Yuting title: Comparison of T-piece and pressure support ventilation as spontaneous breathing trials in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-02-26 words: 3258.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004422-oep1grwq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004422-oep1grwq.txt summary: title: Comparison of T-piece and pressure support ventilation as spontaneous breathing trials in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis Thus, further research is needed to determine the best approach for SBTs. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis, which extracted results from published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of two strategies, a T-piece and PSV, for weaning adult patients with respiratory failure that required mechanical ventilation, measuring extubation success and other clinically important outcomes. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) randomized controlled trials; (2) adult patients (> 18 years) who underwent at least two different SBT methods; (3) all authors reported our primary outcome of successful extubation rate; (4) clearly comparing PS versus T-piece with clinically relevant secondary outcomes. The major finding of our study suggests that both spontaneous breathing using T-piece and PSV are suitable methods for successful extubation of patients with critical illness from mechanical ventilation. abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of alternative spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) techniques on extubation success and other clinically important outcomes is uncertain. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to clarify the preferable SBT (T-piece or pressure support ventilation [PSV]). METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to the 31st of July 2019. We included RCTs involving adult patients (> 18 years) who underwent at least two different SBT methods. All authors reported our primary outcome of successful extubation rate and clearly compared PS versus T-piece with clinically relevant secondary outcomes (rate of reintubation, ICU and hospital length of stay, and ICU and hospital mortality). Results were expressed as odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with accompanying 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Ten RCTs including 3165 patients were included. The results of this meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the successful extubation rate between the T-piece group and PS group (odds ratio [OR] = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.78–1.07; P = 0.27; I(2) = 79%). In addition, compared with the PS group, the T-piece group showed no significant difference in the rate of reintubation (odds ratio [OR] = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.78–1.26; P = 0.95; I(2) = 5%), ICU mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.22; 95% CI, 0.83–1.80; P = 0.30; I(2) = 0%), hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.36; 95% CI, 0.99–1.87; P = 0.06; I(2) = 19%), ICU length of stay (mean difference = − 0.10; 95% CI, − 0.59 to 0.39; P = 0.69; I(2) = 13%), and hospital length of stay (mean difference = − 0.82;95% CI, − 2.2 to 0.55; P = 0.24; I(2) = 0%). CONCLUSIONS: T-piece and PSV as SBTs are considered to have comparable predictive power of successful extubation in critically ill patients. The analysis of secondary outcomes also shows no significant difference in the rate of reintubation, ICU and hospital length of stay, and ICU and hospital mortality between the two groups. Further randomized controlled studies of SBTs are still required. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7045460/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-2764-3 id: cord-262623-lmf2h6oc author: Light, R. Bruce title: Plagues in the ICU: A Brief History of Community-Acquired Epidemic and Endemic Transmissible Infections Leading to Intensive Care Admission date: 2009-01-31 words: 7817.0 sentences: 318.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262623-lmf2h6oc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262623-lmf2h6oc.txt summary: In addition to the HIV pandemic, the smaller epidemic outbreaks of Legionnaire''s disease, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, and severe acute respiratory syndrome, among many others, points out the potential risk associated with a lack of preplanning and preparedness. In the late 1970s, emergency rooms and ICUs throughout North America began to see an increasing number of young menstruating women presenting with a previously little-known syndrome characterized by sudden onset of a high fever, often associated with vomiting and diarrhea, quickly followed by severe hypotension. At the beginning of the epidemic, most patients presenting for care with HIV/AIDS and Pneumocystosis were severely ill with diffuse pneumonia and hypoxemic respiratory failure and many died, 80%-90% in most centers, prompting widespread debate about whether such patients should even be admitted to ICU for mechanical ventilatory support. abstract: The ability to diagnose and treat infectious diseases and handle infectious disease outbreaks continues to improve. For the most part, the major plagues of antiquity remain historical footnotes, yet, despite many advances, there is clear evidence that major pandemic illness is always just one outbreak away. In addition to the HIV pandemic, the smaller epidemic outbreaks of Legionnaire's disease, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, and severe acute respiratory syndrome, among many others, points out the potential risk associated with a lack of preplanning and preparedness. Although pandemic influenza is at the top of the list when discussing possible future major infectious disease outbreaks, the truth is that the identity of the next major pandemic pathogen cannot be predicted with any accuracy. We can only hope that general preparedness and the lessons learned from previous outbreaks suffice. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19268795/ doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2008.11.002 id: cord-007560-nck4f5ny author: Ling, Lowell title: COVID-19: A critical care perspective informed by lessons learnt from other viral epidemics date: 2020-02-20 words: 2803.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-007560-nck4f5ny.txt txt: ./txt/cord-007560-nck4f5ny.txt summary: Infection control Outbreak SARS-CoV-2 strategies during mechanical ventilation and prevention of hospital acquired infections is likely to contribute to improved outcomes in critically ill patients. If full airborne precautions are not possible due to limited facilities or overwhelming numbers of cases, other measures that may decrease risk of nosocomial transmission include cohorting of patients in dedicated wards, or physical separation, supported by disciplined use of PPE, universal contact and droplet precautions and adequate ward ventilation [15, [19] [20] [21] . Within the ICU, and with HCW protected by high-level PPE (including an N95 mask), non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and HFNO use during SARS-CoV and 2009 influenza epidemic was not clearly associated with an increased risk in HCW [24, 25] . Anyone who develops symptoms that could suggest a coronavirus infection are encouraged to call a single emergency number and if COVID-19 is suspected, they are managed at their location by a specialised medical team equipped with PPE to prevent viral contamination, and when necessary, hospitalised in an intensive care unit. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7119083/ doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.02.002 id: cord-268254-1mg7a17c author: Liu, Li title: High neutralizing antibody titer in intensive care unit patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-20 words: 3475.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268254-1mg7a17c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268254-1mg7a17c.txt summary: This study determined the seroprevalence of 733 non-COVID-19 individuals from April 2018 to February 2020 in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and compared the neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses of eight COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with those of 42 patients not admitted to the ICU. In this study, the absence of NAb in the serum of over 733 HKSAR residents indicates that SARS-CoV-2 is unlikely to have spread silently in Hong Kong before its emergence in COVID-19 patients. During our manuscript revision, a preprint paper indicated that SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody responses are more robust in patients with severe disease [26] . Neutralizing antibodies responses to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 inpatients and convalescent patients. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody responses are more robust in patients with severe disease Neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in a COVID-19 recovered patient cohort and their implications. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a wide spectrum of disease severity from mild upper respiratory symptoms to respiratory failure. The role of neutralizing antibody (NAb) response in disease progression remains elusive. This study determined the seroprevalence of 733 non-COVID-19 individuals from April 2018 to February 2020 in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and compared the neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses of eight COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with those of 42 patients not admitted to the ICU. We found that NAb against SARS-CoV-2 was not detectable in any of the anonymous serum specimens from the 733 non-COVID-19 individuals. The peak serum geometric mean NAb titer was significantly higher among the eight ICU patients than the 42 non-ICU patients (7280 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1468-36099]) vs (671 [95% CI, 368-1223]). Furthermore, NAb titer increased significantly at earlier infection stages among ICU patients than among non-ICU patients. The median number of days to reach the peak Nab titers after symptoms onset was shorter among the ICU patients (17.6) than that of the non-ICU patients (20.1). Multivariate analysis showed that oxygen requirement and fever during admission were the only clinical factors independently associated with higher NAb titers. Our data suggested that SARS-CoV-2 was unlikely to have silently spread before the COVID-19 emergence in Hong Kong. ICU patients had an accelerated and augmented NAb response compared to non-ICU patients, which was associated with disease severity. Further studies are required to understand the relationship between high NAb response and disease severity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32618497/ doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1791738 id: cord-308303-tgpqnoq2 author: Liu, X. title: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is associated with a high risk of mortality in critical COVID-19 patients receiving heparin-involved treatment date: 2020-04-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Background Coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) has developed into a global pandemic. It is essential to investigate the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and uncover potential risk factors for severe disease to reduce the overall mortality rate of COVID-19. Methods Sixty-one critical COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and 93 severe non-ICU patients at Huoshenshan Hospital (Wuhan, China) were included in this study. Medical records, including demographic, platelet counts, heparin-involved treatments, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia-(HIT) related laboratory tests, and fatal outcomes of COVID-19 patients were analyzed and compared between survivors and nonsurvivors. Findings Sixty-one critical COVID-19 patients treated in ICU included 15 survivors and 46 nonsurvivors. Forty-one percent of them (25/61) had severe thrombocytopenia, with a platelet count (PLT) less than 50x109/L, of whom 76% (19/25) had a platelet decrease of >50% compared to baseline; 96% of these patients (24/25) had a fatal outcome. Among the 46 nonsurvivors, 52.2% (24/46) had severe thrombocytopenia, compared to 6.7% (1/15) among survivors. Moreover, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) could induce a significant decrease in PLT in 81.3% of critical CRRT patients (13/16), resulting in a fatal outcome. In addition, a high level of anti-heparin-PF4 antibodies, a marker of HIT, was observed in most ICU patients. Surprisingly, HIT occurred not only in patients with heparin exposure, such as CRRT, but also in heparin-naive patients, suggesting that spontaneous HIT may occur in COVID-19. Interpretation Anti-heparin-PF4 antibodies are induced in critical COVID-19 patients, resulting in a progressive platelet decrease. Exposure to a high dose of heparin may trigger further severe thrombocytopenia with a fatal outcome. An alternative anticoagulant other than heparin should be used to treat COVID-19 patients in critical condition. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.23.20076851v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.23.20076851 id: cord-017771-g72qaoub author: Lohan, Rahul title: Imaging of ICU Patients date: 2019-01-15 words: 3758.0 sentences: 215.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017771-g72qaoub.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017771-g72qaoub.txt summary: Besides the evaluation of these conditions, imaging is routinely used for the assessment of various catheters and tubes commonly used in ICUs. The common pulmonary parenchymal disease processes in ICU patients include hydrostatic pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), atelectasis, pneumonia, aspiration, and pulmonary hemorrhage. Indistinctness of pulmonary vasculature is subtle but often the most useful radiographic sign of early interstitial edema in ICU patients. The CT findings of hydrostatic pulmonary edema include smooth interlobular septal thickening, ground-glass opacities, consolidation, and pleural effusions ( Fig. 7.4) . The diagnosis of pneumonia in ICU patients is often challenging as the airspace opacities seen on chest radiographs in these patients can be caused by atelectasis, aspiration, pulmonary hemorrhage, noninfectious lung inflammation (e.g., drug reaction), pulmonary edema, or ARDS [12] . The radiographic abnormalities commonly seen with aspiration are patchy ill-defined ground-glass opacities, nodular opacities, or consolidation in the dependent regions of the lungs (Fig. 7.10 ). abstract: Imaging in intensive care unit (ICU) is integral to patient management. The portable chest radiograph is the most commonly requested imaging examination in ICU, and, despite its limitations, it significantly contributes to the decision-making process. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is reserved for relatively complex and challenging clinical scenarios. Bedside ultrasound is emerging as a promising imaging modality as it does not subject the patients to risks and resources involved in the transportation of these patients to the CT facility. Ultrasound is an effective modality to triage patients and is being increasingly incorporated into the emergency and intensive care management algorithms. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122429/ doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-2544-1_7 id: cord-287468-e5h4tmy6 author: Lopez, Alexandre title: Effects of Hydroxychloroquine on Covid-19 in Intensive Care Unit Patients: Preliminary Results date: 2020-08-08 words: 1978.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287468-e5h4tmy6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287468-e5h4tmy6.txt summary: The primary objective of our study was to assess the effects of hydroxychloroquine according to its plasma concentration in ICU patients. reported that hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin was associated with viral load reduction in nasopharyngeal samples in patients after six days of treatment [6] . The Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines on the management of Covid-19 patients concluded there was insufficient evidence to recommend the use of antiviral drugs and hydroxychloroquine in ICU patients [7] . Confirmed Covid-19 patients with acute respiratory failure were included in the study if they completed the criteria: i) age of 18 or older and; ii) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) documented SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal samples upon ICU admission. In conclusion, our results showed that there was no association between the plasma concentration of hydroxychloroquine and the viral and clinical evolution of ICU patients admitted for Covid-19. abstract: During the Covid-19 pandemic, a large number of intensive care unit (ICU) patients received hydroxychloroquine. The primary objective of our study was to assess the effects of hydroxychloroquine according to its plasma concentration in ICU patients. To this purpose, a single-center retrospective study was performed from March to April 2020 in an ICU of a university hospital. All patients admitted to our ICU with a confirmed Covid-19 pneumonia and treated by hydroxychloroquine were included. We compared 17 patients in whom the hydroxychloroquine plasma concentration was in the therapeutic target (on-target) and 12 patients in whom the plasma concentration was below the target (off-target). The follow-up of patients was 15 days. No association was found between hydroxychloroquine plasma concentration and viral load evolution (p = 0.77). There was no significant difference between the two groups for the duration of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU stay, in-hospital mortality, and 15-days mortality. This finding suggests that hydroxychloroquine administration for Covid-19 patients hospitalized in ICU is not associated with improved outcomes. These results need confirmation by larger multicenter studies. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106136 doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106136 id: cord-290140-mmbzxz06 author: Lord, Heidi title: Effective communication is key to ICU nurses willingness to provide nursing care amidst the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-01 words: 2982.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290140-mmbzxz06.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290140-mmbzxz06.txt summary: METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study to explore ICU nurses'' willingness to provide care during the COVID-19 pandemic was undertaken between 25 March to 3 April 2020 at a large principal and referral teaching hospital in Sydney, NSW Australia. This prospective cross-sectional study design to explore ICU nurses'' willingness to provide nursing care during the COVID-19 pandemic was undertaken at a large principal and referral teaching hospital in Sydney, NSW Australia. Information collected in the questionnaire included: (1) demographic data (age, gender, employment status, and length of time worked as a registered nurse and in the ICU, (2) willingness to work in ICU during the pandemic (1 item) (3) knowledge about COVID-19 (4 items), (4) communication from managers about COVID-19 (2 items), (5) preparedness of the ICU (2 items) and (6) personal concerns about COVID-19 (1 item). Only scores for knowledge of the COVID-19 pandemic, communication from managers, preparedness of the ICU and personal concerns scores were included in a standard multiple linear regression analysis to determine the predictors of willingness to provide nursing care. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic posed and continues to pose challenges for health care systems globally, particularly to Intensive Care Units (ICU). At the forefront of the ICU are highly trained nurses with a professional obligation to care for patients with COVID-19 despite the potential to become infected. The aim of this study was to explore ICU nurses’ willingness to care during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study to explore ICU nurses’ willingness to provide care during the COVID-19 pandemic was undertaken between 25 March to 3 April 2020 at a large principal and referral teaching hospital in Sydney, NSW Australia. RESULTS: A total of 83 ICU nurses completed the survey. Approximately 60% reported receiving sufficient information from managers regarding COVID-19 and about caring for a patient with COVID-19. Ninety percent of nurses were concerned about spreading COVID-19 to their family. Sixty one percent of the nurses indicated that they were willing to care for patients with COVID-19. Receiving timely communication from managers was the only predictor of willingness to care among ICU nurses. CONCLUSIONS: Effective communication is a vital component during a public health emergency in order to promote nurses’ willingness to care for patients in the ICU. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096433972030149X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2020.102946 id: cord-260822-4bselbkq author: Lotz, Christopher title: Unconventional approaches to mechanical ventilation—step-by-step through the COVID-19 crisis date: 2020-05-18 words: 1189.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260822-4bselbkq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260822-4bselbkq.txt summary: Unconventional approaches to mechanical ventilation-step-by-step through the COVID-19 crisis Christopher Lotz , Quirin Notz, Peter Kranke, Markus Kredel and Patrick Meybohm * Health care systems around the world face extreme challenges during the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2. ICU ventilators provide the highest performance, fast responding efficient triggering mechanisms, and often a plethora of different ventilation modes to best suit the individual patient. There is also a case study reporting a oneventilator technique during air medical transport of twin newborns [5] and an article that pressure controlled ventilation was simultaneously achieved in two healthy volunteers via mask ventilation [6] . It is of further importance to emphasize that in case of ICU ventilator shortage, the allocation of the ventilators to each patient requires triage. In case of ICU ventilator shortage, this resource can and should be primarily used with a clear conscience in ARDS patients (Fig. 1) . Use of a single ventilator to support 4 patients: laboratory evaluation of a limited concept abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32423431/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-02954-y id: cord-009417-458rrhcm author: Luce, Judith A. title: Use of Blood Components in the Intensive Care Unit date: 2009-05-15 words: 17101.0 sentences: 918.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-009417-458rrhcm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-009417-458rrhcm.txt summary: Benefi ts to the patient with more judicious use of platelet transfusion include decreased donor exposure, which lessens the risk of transfusion-transmitted disease; fewer febrile and allergic reactions that may complicate the hospital course; and the potential delay or prevention of alloimmunization to HLA and platelet antigens. If anti-IgA antibodies are determined to be the cause of this reaction, the patient must receive blood components donated by IgA-defi cient individuals or, if unavailable, specially prepared washed RBCs and platelet concentrates. These patients may have intensive red cell and platelet transfusion requirements and need specialized products such as CMV-negative and irradiated blood components. A blood bank problem uniquely encountered in BMT is the need to switch the patient''s ABO group because of an ABO-mismatched transplant, thus necessitating an exchange transfusion of red cells and plasma-containing products (i.e., platelet concentrates) of differing ABO type to avoid hemolysis of donor and recipient cells. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7152226/ doi: 10.1016/b978-032304841-5.50082-0 id: cord-284883-bkydu285 author: Luis Silva, L. title: Brazil Health Care System preparation against COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 words: 4500.0 sentences: 248.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284883-bkydu285.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284883-bkydu285.txt summary: The historic challenges regarding an insufficient number of health professionals, iniquities in the distribution of human resources (10) , low accessibility to emergency care services (11) , and economic issues create additional pressures to be addressed, aiming is to achieve an adequate COVID-19 response. Taking this point into consideration the present work addresses critical aspects regarding the organization of the emergency network system in Brazil, jointly with the spatial expansion of COVID-19 cases within the country, and to highlight where the efforts currently performed in Brazil were capable of coping with the lack of access to emergency care needed to cope COVID-19 consequences. The result suggests that the use of scarce resources needed to put in order ICU beds are not being directed to municipalities lacking access to emergency care services, despite their high levels of COVID-19 incidence. abstract: Background: The coronavirus disease outbreak from 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a highly contagious virus that claimed thousands of lives around the world and disrupted the health system in many countries. The assessment of emergency capacity in every country is a necessary part of the COVID-19 response efforts. Thus, it is extremely recommended to evaluate the health care system to prepare the country to tackle COVID-19 challenges. Methods and Findings: A retrospective and ecological study was performed with data retrieved from the public national healthcare database (DATASUS). Numbers of intensive care unit and infirmary beds, general or intensivists physicians, nurses, nursing technicians, and ventilators from each Regional Health Unity were extracted, and the beds per health professionals and ventilators per population rates were assessed. The accessibility to health services was also performed using a spatial overlay approach to verify regions that lack assistance. It was found that Brazil lacks equity, integrity, and may struggle to assist with high complexity for the COVID-19 patients in many regions of the country. Conclusions: Brazilian health system is insufficient to tackle the COVID-19 in some regions of the country where the coronavirus may be responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.09.20096719v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.09.20096719 id: cord-331500-l3hkn2li author: Luyt, Charles-Edouard title: Pulmonary infections complicating ARDS date: 2020-11-11 words: 7544.0 sentences: 358.0 pages: flesch: 26.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331500-l3hkn2li.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331500-l3hkn2li.txt summary: Whatever the initial lung injury, patients with ARDS are prone to develop secondary pulmonary infection, namely ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). While glucocorticoids are classically considered as immunosuppressive drugs, it has been shown that they can prevent the immune reprogramming observed after inflammatory response [16] , thus limiting the susceptibility of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) to respiratory complications such as pneumonia or ARDS and improving outcomes of patients with ARDS [17] . Peripheral blood markers have the advantage of avoiding the need for bronchoscopic sampling and are therefore easier to obtain; however, they are generally less able to discriminate pneumonia from other infections Table 1 Summary of host-based biomarkers for diagnosis of pneumonia in ARDS ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, RCT randomized controlled trial, sTREM soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells, VAP ventilator-associated pneumonia, HLA human leukocyte antigen abstract: Pulmonary infection is one of the main complications occurring in patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Besides traditional risk factors, dysregulation of lung immune defenses and microbiota may play an important role in ARDS patients. Prone positioning does not seem to be associated with a higher risk of pulmonary infection. Although bacteria associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in ARDS patients are similar to those in patients without ARDS, atypical pathogens (Aspergillus, herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus) may also be responsible for infection in ARDS patients. Diagnosing pulmonary infection in ARDS patients is challenging, and requires a combination of clinical, biological and microbiological criteria. The role of modern tools (e.g., molecular methods, metagenomic sequencing, etc.) remains to be evaluated in this setting. One of the challenges of antimicrobial treatment is antibiotics diffusion into the lungs. Although targeted delivery of antibiotics using nebulization may be interesting, their place in ARDS patients remains to be explored. The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the most severe patients is associated with a high rate of infection and raises several challenges, diagnostic issues and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics changes being at the top. Prevention of pulmonary infection is a key issue in ARDS patients, but there is no specific measure for these high-risk patients. Reinforcing preventive measures using bundles seems to be the best option. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06292-z doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-06292-z id: cord-252737-sbalcd8v author: Ma, Xiya title: Critical care capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic: Global availability of intensive care beds date: 2020-04-23 words: 698.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252737-sbalcd8v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252737-sbalcd8v.txt summary: title: Critical care capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic: Global availability of intensive care beds As the COVID-19 pandemic grows, the need for rapid, innovative, and cost-effective emergency response mechanisms and the presence of gaps in critical care capacity become glaringly obvious in most countries and territories worldwide. 1 Furthermore, low-and middleincome countries (LMICs) are at-risk for an inability to manage an anticipated surge of critically ill COVID-19 patients, with current estimates suggesting the availability of 0.1 to 2.5 ICU beds per 100,000 population. Globally, at least 96 countries and J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof territories had a density of less than 5.0 ICU beds per 100,000 population. Whilst the critical care capacity in LMICs was insufficient prior to the pandemic, deficiencies grow to include highly-resourced health systems around the world. A Framework for Rationing Ventilators and Critical Care Beds During the COVID-19 Pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883944120305554?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.04.012 id: cord-322243-5js5nudx author: Mac, S. title: COVID-19 Demographics, Acute Care Resource Use and Mortality by Age and Sex in Ontario, Canada: Population-based Retrospective Cohort Analysis date: 2020-11-06 words: 3586.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322243-5js5nudx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322243-5js5nudx.txt summary: We conducted a population-based cohort study using public health data to describe COVID-19 associated ageand sex-specific acute care use, length of stay (LOS), and mortality. Methods: We used Ontario Case and Contact Management (CCM) Plus database of individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 in Ontario from March 1 to September 30, 2020 to determine ageand sex-specific hospitalizations, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) use, LOS, and mortality. The objective of our study was to describe COVID-19 cases in Ontario between March 1, 2020 and September 30, 2020, and to provide estimates of age-and sex-specific acute care resource utilization (hospitalization, ICU admission, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV)), length of stay (LOS), and mortality. (8) CCM Plus includes individual-level data on demographics (e.g., age, sex, region), epidemiology (e.g., likely acquisition), patient characteristics (e.g., co-morbidities), acute care resource utilization (e.g., hospitalization, ICU admission, IMV), health outcomes (e.g., mortality), and long-term . abstract: Background: Understanding resource use for COVID-19 is critical. We conducted a population-based cohort study using public health data to describe COVID-19 associated age- and sex-specific acute care use, length of stay (LOS), and mortality. Methods: We used Ontario Case and Contact Management (CCM) Plus database of individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 in Ontario from March 1 to September 30, 2020 to determine age- and sex-specific hospitalizations, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) use, LOS, and mortality. We stratified analyses by month of infection to study temporal trends and conducted subgroup analyses by long-term care residency. Results: During the observation period, 56,476 COVID-19 cases were reported (72% < 60 years, 52% female). The proportion of cases shifted from older populations (> 60 years) to younger populations (10-39 years) over time. Overall, 10% of individuals were hospitalized, of those 22% were admitted to ICU, and 60% of those used IMV. Mean LOS for individuals in the ward, ICU without IMV, and ICU with IMV was 12.8, 8.5, 20.5 days, respectively. Mortality for individuals receiving care in the ward, ICU without IMV, and ICU with IMV was 24%, 30%, and 45%, respectively. All outcomes varied by age and decreased over time, overall and within age groups. Interpretation: This descriptive study shows acute care use and mortality varying by age, and decreasing between March and September in Ontario. Improvements in clinical practice and changing risk distributions among those infected may contribute to fewer severe outcomes among those infected with COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.04.20225474v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.04.20225474 id: cord-321735-c40m2o5l author: Manca, Davide title: A simplified math approach to predict ICU beds and mortality rate for hospital emergency planning under Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-04 words: 7164.0 sentences: 323.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321735-c40m2o5l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321735-c40m2o5l.txt summary: Besides the predicted numbers, those models allowed also forecasting the different phases of the pandemic and quantifying some basic indicators about the daily variations, the key times, the key figures, the expected decrease, the progressive reach of a maximum plateau before facing with the decrease of ICU beds for Covid-19 which we are measuring right now. Usually, patients remain in ICU wards at least fifteen days (with twenty-day stay the standard value) (Cutuli, 2020) and, respect to Covid-19 emergency, this quite a long time allows describing the whole ICU beds inflation period with curves such as the logistic (Hosmer et al., 2013) or the Gompertz (Panik, 2014) ones. The models of Section 2.3 applied to the case study of Lombardy and Italy proved their efficiency in reproducing real data and were used to forecast the evolution of key parameters as the number of ICU patients and deaths on both short and long-time horizons. abstract: The different stages of Covid-19 pandemic can be described by two key-variables: ICU patients and deaths in hospitals. We propose simple models that can be used by medical doctors and decision makers to predict the trends on both short-term and long-term horizons. Daily updates of the models with real data allow forecasting some key indicators for decision-making (an Excel file in the Supplemental material allows computing them). These are beds allocation, residence time, doubling time, rate of renewal, maximum daily rate of change (positive/negative), halfway points, maximum plateaus, asymptotic conditions, and dates and time intervals when some key thresholds are overtaken. Doubling time of ICU beds for Covid-19 emergency can be as low as 2-3 days at the outbreak of the pandemic. The models allow identifying the possible departure of the phenomenon from the predicted trend and thus can play the role of early warning systems and describe further outbreaks. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32565584/ doi: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2020.106945 id: cord-292094-vmsdhccp author: Mandell, Lionel A. title: Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults date: 2007-03-01 words: 28389.0 sentences: 1424.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292094-vmsdhccp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292094-vmsdhccp.txt summary: Severity-of-illness scores, such as the CURB-65 criteria (confusion, uremia, respiratory rate, low blood pressure, age 65 years or greater), or prognostic models, such as the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI), can be used to identify patients with CAP who may be candidates for outpatient treatment. A respiratory fluoroquinolone should be used for penicillin-allergic patients.) Increasing resistance rates have suggested that empirical therapy with a macrolide alone can be used only for the treat-ment of carefully selected hospitalized patients with nonsevere disease and without risk factors for infection with drug-resistant pathogens. Advantages include the high specificity, the ability of some assays to distinguish between influenza A and B, the rapidity with which the results can be obtained, the possibly reduced use of antibacterial agents, and the utility of establishing this diagnosis for epidemiologic purposes, especially in hospitalized patients who may require infection control precautions. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17278083/ doi: 10.1086/511159 id: cord-334834-qg23x2pw author: Marshall, Andrea P. title: A critical care pandemic staffing framework in Australia date: 2020-10-08 words: 5774.0 sentences: 305.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334834-qg23x2pw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334834-qg23x2pw.txt summary: Recognising the potential strain on intensive care units (ICUs), particularly on staffing, a working group was formed for the purpose of developing recommendations to support decision-making during rapid service expansion. METHODS: The Critical Care Pandemic Staffing Working Party (n = 21), representing nursing, allied health, and medical disciplines, has used a modified consensus approach to provide recommendations to inform multidisciplinary workforce capacity expansion planning in critical care. These strategies include the use of a strong interdisciplinary approach to identify and develop consensus for recommendations, through independent voting, to inform intensive care pandemic staffing that is reflective of the way in which care is delivered in Australian ICUs. In developing these recommendations, we actively engaged the relevant nursing, allied health, and medical professional organisations and ensured the Working Party members had broad experience in clinical practice, management, education, and research. abstract: BACKGROUND: Pandemics and the large-scale outbreak of infectious disease can significantly impact morbidity and mortality worldwide. The impact on intensive care resources can be significant and often require modification of service delivery, a key element which includes rapid expansion of the critical care workforce. Pandemics are also unpredictable, which necessitates rapid decision-making and action which, in the lack of experience and guidance, may be extremely challenging. Recognising the potential strain on intensive care units (ICUs), particularly on staffing, a working group was formed for the purpose of developing recommendations to support decision-making during rapid service expansion. METHODS: The Critical Care Pandemic Staffing Working Party (n = 21), representing nursing, allied health, and medical disciplines, has used a modified consensus approach to provide recommendations to inform multidisciplinary workforce capacity expansion planning in critical care. RESULTS: A total of 60 recommendations have been proposed which reflect general recommendations as well as those specific to maintaining the critical care workforce, expanding the critical care workforce, rostering and allocation of the critical care workforce, nurse-specific recommendations for staffing the ICU, education support and training during ICU surge situations, workforce support, models of care, and de-escalation. CONCLUSION: These recommendations are provided with the intent that they be used to guide interdisciplinary decision-making, and we suggest that careful consideration is given to the local context to determine which recommendations are most appropriate to implement and how they are prioritised. Ongoing evaluation of recommendation implementation and impact will be necessary, particularly in rapidly changing clinical contexts. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1036731420303003 doi: 10.1016/j.aucc.2020.08.007 id: cord-335977-f00758o2 author: Martin-Loeches, I. title: Use of early corticosteroid therapy on ICU admission in patients affected by severe pandemic (H1N1)v influenza A infection date: 2010-11-24 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: INTRODUCTION: Early use of corticosteroids in patients affected by pandemic (H1N1)v influenza A infection, although relatively common, remains controversial. METHODS: Prospective, observational, multicenter study from 23 June 2009 through 11 February 2010, reported in the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) H1N1 registry. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) with completed outcome data were analyzed. Invasive mechanical ventilation was used in 155 (70.5%). Sixty-seven (30.5%) of the patients died in ICU and 75 (34.1%) whilst in hospital. One hundred twenty-six (57.3%) patients received corticosteroid therapy on admission to ICU. Patients who received corticosteroids were significantly older and were more likely to have coexisting asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and chronic steroid use. These patients receiving corticosteroids had increased likelihood of developing hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) [26.2% versus 13.8%, p < 0.05; odds ratio (OR) 2.2, confidence interval (CI) 1.1–4.5]. Patients who received corticosteroids had significantly higher ICU mortality than patients who did not (46.0% versus 18.1%, p < 0.01; OR 3.8, CI 2.1–7.2). Cox regression analysis adjusted for severity and potential confounding factors identified that early use of corticosteroids was not significantly associated with mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.3, 95% CI 0.7–2.4, p = 0.4] but was still associated with an increased rate of HAP (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0–4.8, p < 0.05). When only patients developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were analyzed, similar results were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Early use of corticosteroids in patients affected by pandemic (H1N1)v influenza A infection did not result in better outcomes and was associated with increased risk of superinfections. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21107529/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-010-2078-z id: cord-011327-zsoc4wec author: Martin-Loeches, Ignacio title: Antibiotic prophylaxis in the ICU: to be or not to be administered for patients undergoing procedures? date: 2019-11-28 words: 1973.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 27.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011327-zsoc4wec.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011327-zsoc4wec.txt summary: However, SAP is also commonly practiced in many ICUs. A single-centre study conducted recently in a Belgian ICU showed that SAP and prophylaxis for immunocompromised patients constituted two-thirds of prophylactic antibiotic treatments prescribed [13] . There are no randomised controlled trials on the effects of timing or choice of antibiotic prophylaxis on the outcomes of ICU patients requiring unplanned surgical procedures. However, French guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia in ICU suggest consideration of selective digestive decontamination with both topical and systemic antibiotics (for a maximum of 96 h) to decrease the rate of pneumonia immediately after urgent intubation based on indirect evidence from several studies [22] . A metaanalysis of studies focused on antibiotic prophylaxis for chest drain insertion in non-ICU patients (i.e. thoracic injury), concluded that treatment after chest drain insertion was significantly associated with a reduced risk of empyema (RR 0.25; 95% CI 0.13-0.49) and pneumonia (RR 0.41; 95% CI 0.24-0.71) when compared with placebo alone [28] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7224040/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-019-05870-0 id: cord-287732-abzpfdcu author: Martindale, Robert title: Nutrition Therapy in Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease (COVID‐19) date: 2020-05-27 words: 6232.0 sentences: 371.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287732-abzpfdcu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287732-abzpfdcu.txt summary: These variables have implications for nutritional interventions: [1] older patients are at-risk for pre-existing disease and sarcopenia which increases their risk for pre-existing malnutrition and increased risk of refeeding syndrome, [2] severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with refractory hypoxemia may require prone-positioning and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), [3] circulatory failure and concomitant feeding may increase the risk of gut ischemia and feeding intolerance, [4] multiple organ failure (MOF) and the need for early enteral nutrition (EN) to attenuate or mitigate gut derived inflammation, and [5] cytokine release syndrome which alters nutrient utilization (especially lipids). Recommendation 1: We recommend all healthcare providers, including dietitians, nurses, and physicians follow PPE standards set forth by the CDC and/or the WHO and adhere to their institutional guidelines when conducting bedside nutritional assessments for all patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 disease. abstract: In the midst of a worldwide pandemic of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19), a paucity of data precludes derivation of COVID‐19‐specific recommendations for nutritional therapy. Until more data are available, the focus needs to center on principles of critical care nutrition modified for the constraints of this disease process, i.e., COVID‐19‐relevant recommendations. Delivery of nutritional therapy must include strategies to reduce exposure and spread of the disease by providing clustered care, adequate protection of healthcare providers, and preservation of personal protective equipment. Enteral nutrition (EN) should be initiated early after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) using a standard isosmolar polymeric formula, starting at trophic doses and advancing as tolerated while monitoring for gastrointestinal intolerance, hemodynamic instability, and metabolic derangements. Intragastric EN may be provided safely, even with use of prone positioning and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Clinicians, though, should have a lower threshold for switching to parenteral nutrition in cases of intolerance, high risk of aspiration, or escalating vasopressor support. While data extrapolated from experience in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) warrants use of fiber additives and probiotic organisms. The lack of demonstrated benefit precludes a recommendation for micronutrient supplementation. Practices which increase exposure or contamination of equipment, such as use of gastric residual volumes as a monitor, indirect calorimetry to calculate requirements, endoscopy or fluoroscopy to achieve enteral access, or transport out of the ICU for additional imaging should be avoided. At all times, strategies for nutritional therapy need to be assessed on a risk/benefit basis, paying attention to risk for both the patient and the healthcare provider. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32462719/ doi: 10.1002/jpen.1930 id: cord-277879-7ftu9b9q author: Martinez-Sanz, J. title: Effects of Tocilizumab on Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Multicenter Cohort Study date: 2020-06-09 words: 4019.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277879-7ftu9b9q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277879-7ftu9b9q.txt summary: Propensity score logistic models predicted exposure at baseline and censoring over time as a result of recognized confounders of severe COVID-19 17, 18 including age, gender, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, kidney disease, congestive heart failure, lung disease), oxygen blood saturation and need for oxygen therapy at baseline, and time-varying parameters of clinical severity (blood pressure, heart rate, total lymphocyte and neutrophil count, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, D-dimers, and CRP). . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.08.20125245 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 3 and Table S2 show the adjusted hazard ratios for exploratory sensitivity analyses restricted to patients with baseline lymphocyte count <1000 cell/µl and baseline D-dimer >1000 ng/mL segregated by CRP levels. 14 However, there are key analytical issues in this setting, including the risk of immortal time bias (i.e., the requirement for patients to survive long enough to receive the intervention of interest, which can lead to a potentially incorrect estimation of a positive treatment effect), and indication bias from time-varying confounding (e.g., the use of tocilizumab following elevations of CRP). abstract: Background While there are no treatments with proven efficacy for patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19), tocilizumab has been proposed as a candidate therapy, especially among patients with higher systemic inflammation. Methods We conducted a cohort study of patients hospitalized with COVID 19 in Spain. The primary outcome was time to death and the secondary outcome time to intensive care unit admission (ICU) or death. We used inverse probability weighting to fit marginal structural models adjusted for time varying covariates to determine the causal relationship between tocilizumab use and the outcomes. Results A total of 1,229 and 10,673 person/days were analyzed. In the adjusted marginal structural models, a significant interaction between tocilizumab use and high C reactive protein (CRP) levels was detected. Tocilizumab was associated with decreased risk of death (aHR 0.34, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.72, p=0.005) and ICU admission or death (aHR 0.38, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.81, p=0.011) among patients with baseline CRP >150 mg/L, but not among those with CRP [≤]150 mg/L. Exploratory subgroup analyses yielded point estimates that were consistent with these findings. Conclusions In this large observational study, tocilizumab was associated with a lower risk of death or ICU or death in patients with higher CRP levels. While the results of ongoing clinical trials of tocilizumab in patients with COVID 19 will be important to establish its safety and efficacy, our findings have implications for the design of future clinical trials and support the use of tocilizumab among subjects with higher CRP levels. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.08.20125245 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.08.20125245 id: cord-201783-66fmse66 author: Maslov, Sergei title: Window of Opportunity for Mitigation to Prevent Overflow of ICU capacity in Chicago by COVID-19 date: 2020-03-21 words: 2422.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-201783-66fmse66.txt txt: ./txt/cord-201783-66fmse66.txt summary: We estimate the growth in demand for ICU beds in Chicago during the emerging COVID-19 epidemic, using state-of-the-art computer simulations calibrated for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We estimate the growth in demand for ICU beds in Chicago during the emerging COVID-19 epidemic, using state-of-the-art computer simulations calibrated for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Our conclusion is that, being fully cognizant of the societal trade-offs, there is a rapidly closing window of opportunity to avert a worst-case scenario in Chicago, but only with strong mitigation/lockdown implemented in the next week at the latest. Our conclusion is that, being fully cognizant of the societal trade-offs, there is a rapidly closing window of opportunity to avert a worst-case scenario in Chicago, but only with strong mitigation/lockdown implemented in the next week at the latest. The just-in-time mitigation scenario predicts that at the peak of the epidemic, the demand for ICU beds does not exceed the number of available beds, and is significantly below the city''s total ICU capacity. abstract: We estimate the growth in demand for ICU beds in Chicago during the emerging COVID-19 epidemic, using state-of-the-art computer simulations calibrated for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The questions we address are these: (1) Will the ICU capacity in Chicago be exceeded, and if so by how much? (2) Can strong mitigation strategies, such as lockdown or shelter in place order, prevent the overflow of capacity? (3) When should such strategies be implemented? Our answers are as follows: (1) The ICU capacity may be exceeded by a large amount, probably by a factor of ten. (2) Strong mitigation can avert this emergency situation potentially, but even that will not work if implemented too late. (3) If the strong mitigation precedes April 1st, then the growth of COVID-19 can be controlled and the ICU capacity could be adequate. The earlier the strong mitigation is implemented, the greater the probability that it will be successful. After around April 1 2020, any strong mitigation will not avert the emergency situation. In Italy, the lockdown occurred too late and the number of deaths is still doubling every 2.3 days. It is difficult to be sure about the precise dates for this window of opportunity, due to the inherent uncertainties in computer simulation. But there is high confidence in the main conclusion that it exists and will soon be closed. Our conclusion is that, being fully cognizant of the societal trade-offs, there is a rapidly closing window of opportunity to avert a worst-case scenario in Chicago, but only with strong mitigation/lockdown implemented in the next week at the latest. If this window is missed, the epidemic will get worse and then strong mitigation/lockdown will be required after all, but it will be too late. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.09564v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-023669-3ataw6gy author: Masur, Henry title: Critically Ill Immunosuppressed Host date: 2009-05-15 words: 11194.0 sentences: 576.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-023669-3ataw6gy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023669-3ataw6gy.txt summary: As the population of patients with cancer, organ transplants, vasculitides, and human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV) infection has grown, intensivists are seeing more and more patients with altered immunity. For instance, if a patient presents with severe hypoxemia and diffuse pulmonary infi ltrates, a health care provider who recognizes a prior splenectomy as the major predisposition to infection would focus the diagnostic evaluation and the empiric therapy on Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus infl uenzae. Patients with HIV infection develop clinical disease as a result of three basic processes: the direct effect of HIV on specifi c organs (e.g., cardiomyopathy, enteropathy, dementia); immunologically mediated processes (e.g., glomerulonephritis, thrombocytopenia); or opportunistic infections and tumors that are enabled by HIV-induced immunosuppression. For instance, if a patient with HIV infection and a CD4+ T lymphocyte count of 700 cells/µL presents with diffuse pulmonary infi ltrates, the diagnostic evaluation and empiric antimicrobial regimen should focus on S. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7173421/ doi: 10.1016/b978-032304841-5.50056-x id: cord-295329-y7rx3ky4 author: Mattioli, Francesco title: Tracheostomy in the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-22 words: 1375.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295329-y7rx3ky4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295329-y7rx3ky4.txt summary: The mortality appears to be around 2%; early published data indicate 25.9% with COVID-19 pneumonia required intensive care unit (ICU) admission and 20.1% developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [1, 2] . During the last 2 weeks, we performed 28 tracheostomies on patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 infection who were treated with IMV. In this early phase, aggressive treatments and intensive care are needed for critically ill patients and tracheostomy could not result in improvement in hypoxia, multiple organ dysfunction, virus clearance, and in shorter duration of IMV. In our experience, several delayed (> 14 OTI days) tracheostomies were performed especially in the first-affected intubated cases who required re-intubation without clinical improvement, and in case of lack of ICU places. In the context of prolonged IMV required in COVID-19 experience, tracheostomy should be suggested to avoid potential tracheal damages within 7 and 14 days. abstract: PURPOSE: The role of tracheostomy in COVID-19-related ARDS is unknown. Nowadays, there is no clear indication regarding the timing of tracheostomy in these patients. METHODS: We describe our synergic experience between ENT and ICU Departments at University Hospital of Modena underlining some controversial aspects that would be worth discussing tracheostomies in these patients. During the last 2 weeks, we performed 28 tracheostomies on patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 infection who were treated with IMV. RESULTS: No differences between percutaneous and surgical tracheostomy in terms of timing and no case of team virus infection. CONCLUSION: In our experience, tracheostomy should be performed only in selected patients within 7- and 14-day orotracheal intubation. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-05982-0 doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-05982-0 id: cord-254990-nrzwn6oz author: Mayer, Kirby P. title: Recovery from COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: the potential role of an intensive care unit recovery clinic: a case report date: 2020-09-10 words: 3117.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254990-nrzwn6oz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254990-nrzwn6oz.txt summary: The purpose of this case report is to highlight the potential role of intensive care unit recovery or follow-up clinics for patients surviving acute hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019. CASE PRESENTATION: Our patient was a 27-year-old Caucasian woman with a past medical history of asthma transferred from a community hospital to our medical intensive care unit for acute hypoxic respiratory failure due to bilateral pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation (ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fraction of inspired oxygen, 180). CONCLUSION: We present this case report to suggest that patients surviving coronavirus disease 2019 with subsequent development of acute respiratory distress syndrome will require more intense intensive care unit recovery follow-up. The patient''s family reported no travel history or exposure risk, but, given the Fig. 1 Chest radiograph obtained on day 1 of admission to intensive care unit revealed bibasilar airspace disease patient''s clinical symptoms, a test for COVID-19 was performed. abstract: BACKGROUND: In this case report, we describe the trajectory of recovery of a young, healthy patient diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome. The purpose of this case report is to highlight the potential role of intensive care unit recovery or follow-up clinics for patients surviving acute hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019. CASE PRESENTATION: Our patient was a 27-year-old Caucasian woman with a past medical history of asthma transferred from a community hospital to our medical intensive care unit for acute hypoxic respiratory failure due to bilateral pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation (ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fraction of inspired oxygen, 180). On day 2 of her intensive care unit admission, reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction confirmed coronavirus disease 2019. Her clinical status gradually improved, and she was extubated on intensive care unit day 5. She had a negative test result for coronavirus disease 2019 twice with repeated reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction before being discharged to home after 10 days in the intensive care unit. Two weeks after intensive care unit discharge, the patient returned to our outpatient intensive care unit recovery clinic. At follow-up, the patient endorsed significant fatigue and exhaustion with difficulty walking, minor issues with sleep disruption, and periods of memory loss. She scored 10/12 on the short performance physical battery, indicating good physical function. She did not have signs of anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder through self-report questionnaires. Clinically, she was considered at low risk of developing post–intensive care syndrome, but she required follow-up services to assist in navigating the healthcare system, addressing remaining symptoms, and promoting return to her pre–coronavirus disease 2019 societal role. CONCLUSION: We present this case report to suggest that patients surviving coronavirus disease 2019 with subsequent development of acute respiratory distress syndrome will require more intense intensive care unit recovery follow-up. Patients with a higher degree of acute illness who also have pre-existing comorbidities and those of older age who survive mechanical ventilation for coronavirus disease 2019 will require substantial post–intensive care unit care to mitigate and treat post–intensive care syndrome, promote reintegration into the community, and improve quality of life. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32912329/ doi: 10.1186/s13256-020-02481-y id: cord-352280-nn1rgdw0 author: Mayorga, Lía title: Detection and isolation of asymptomatic individuals can make the difference in COVID-19 epidemic management date: 2020-04-29 words: 4334.0 sentences: 253.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352280-nn1rgdw0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352280-nn1rgdw0.txt summary: Here we present a compartmental model for the disease that can provide healthcare burden parameters allowing to infer possible containment and suppression strategies, explicitly including asymptomatic individuals. The main conclusion of our work is that efficient and timely detection and isolation of these asymptomatic individuals can have dramatic effects on the effective reproduction number and healthcare burden parameters. In a basic reproduction number scenario of 2, isolating half of the asymptomatic individuals within four days of becoming infectious can effectively double the time it takes for clinical cases to duplicate in the exponential growth phase. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.23.20077255 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 10 : The effect of detecting and isolating different percentages of asymptomatic individuals on a model triggering on-off suppression measures in the whole territory (trigger=50% ICU occupancy, stopper=30% ICU occupancy) in a 0 = 2 scenario. abstract: Mathematical modeling of infectious diseases is a powerful tool for the design of management policies and a fundamental part of the arsenal currently deployed to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we present a compartmental model for the disease that can provide healthcare burden parameters allowing to infer possible containment and suppression strategies, explicitly including asymptomatic individuals. The main conclusion of our work is that efficient and timely detection and isolation of these asymptomatic individuals can have dramatic effects on the effective reproduction number and healthcare burden parameters. This intervention can provide a valuable tool complementary to other non-pharmaceutical interventions to contain the epidemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.23.20077255 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.23.20077255 id: cord-023873-fidpskcs author: Meersseman, Wouter title: Invasive Aspergillosis in the Intensive Care Unit: Beyond the Typical Haematological Patient date: 2009-05-04 words: 4137.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-023873-fidpskcs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023873-fidpskcs.txt summary: Finally, to date, the diagnostic utility of recently available non-culture based microbiological tools, including the detection of fungal antigens and the detection of Aspergillus-specific DNA through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, has not been properly validated in the non-haematology ICU population. In addition, typical ICU patients such as those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or liver disorders were not considered amongst hosts at high risk for IA in the recently updated EORTC/MSG guidelines [2] . In a recent study published by our group [10] , patients with fever new lung infiltrates were screened for IA using galactomannan testing in bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid. The concept that increasing fungal burden due to specific ICU treatments for other diseases than IA (e.g. steroids for septic shock) parallels the progression from subclinical to clinical aspergillosis, needs to be explored with more sensitive markers (e.g. PCR). Corticosteroid treatment as a risk factor for invasive aspergillosis in patients with lung disease abstract: Data about incidence of invasive aspergillosis in intensive care units (ICU) are scarce and variable. Incidences ranging from 2 to 24% have been reported, which might reflect different autopsy policies amongst centres. Recent studies have shown that many patients with invasive aspergillosis do not have a haematological diagnosis. Instead, conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and liver failure became recognized as important risk factors. The diagnosis remains difficult in these patients, since diagnostic tests have not been widely validated outside the haematological boundaries. Mechanical ventilation precludes the interpretation of clinical signs and radiological diagnosis is clouded by underlying lung pathology. Respiratory cultures lack sensitivity and specificity. At the moment, diagnosis is best made by testing for galactomannan in bronchoalveolar fluid samples (sensitivity and specificity of > 87%). Testing galactomannan in sera has limited sensitivity for the non-neutropenic. Modern diagnostic tests such as PCR and beta-glucan have never been validated in an ICU population. Due mostly to major delays in the diagnosis, mortality exceeds 50%. Although our therapeutic armamentarium against invasive aspergillosis has improved in recent years, data concerning safety and efficacy of new antifungal agents in the ICU setting are lacking. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7176220/ doi: 10.1007/978-90-481-2408-4_29 id: cord-291421-mrm9paiq author: Meijer, Eelco F. J. title: Azole-Resistant COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis in an Immunocompetent Host: A Case Report date: 2020-06-06 words: 3106.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291421-mrm9paiq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291421-mrm9paiq.txt summary: COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is a recently described disease entity affecting patients with severe pulmonary abnormalities treated in intensive care units. COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is a recently described disease entity affecting patients in intensive care unit (ICUs) with severe pulmonary abnormalities. We present the first case of azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in a SARS-CoV-2-positive immunocompetent patient admitted to the ICU. A prospective comparison of galactomannan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for the diagnosis of pulmonary invasive aspergillosis in medical patients under intensive care: Comparison with the diagnostic performance of galactomannan and of (1→3)-β-d-glucan chromogenic assay in serum samples Aspergillus-specific lateral-flow device and real-time PCR testing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: A combination biomarker approach for clinical diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis Performance of galactomannan, 1,3-β-d-glucan, Aspergillus lateral-flow device, conventional culture, and PCR tests with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis abstract: COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is a recently described disease entity affecting patients with severe pulmonary abnormalities treated in intensive care units. Delays in diagnosis contribute to a delayed start of antifungal therapy. In addition, the emergence of resistance to triazole antifungal agents puts emphasis on early surveillance for azole-resistant Aspergillus species. We present a patient with putative CAPA due to Aspergillus fumigatus with identification of a triazole-resistant isolate during therapy. We underline the challenges faced in the management of these cases, the importance of early diagnosis and need for surveillance given the emergence of triazole resistance. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6020079 doi: 10.3390/jof6020079 id: cord-346507-w9aaalgo author: Mejia-Vilet, J. M. title: DERIVATION OF A SCORE TO PREDICT ADMISSION TO INTENSIVE CARE UNIT IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19: THE ABC-GOALS SCORE date: 2020-05-16 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Background. COVID-19 pandemic poses a burden on hospital resources and intensive care unit (ICU) occupation. The study aimed to derive a scoring system that, assessed upon patient first-contact evaluation, predicts the need for admission to ICU. Methods. All consecutive patients admitted to a COVID-19 reference center were prospectively assessed. Patients were segregated into a group that required admission to ICU during their hospitalization and a group that never required ICU admission and was already discharged from hospitalization. Three models including clinical, laboratory and imaging findings were derived by logistic regression analysis and internally validated. A score, defined as the ABC-GOALS score was created by assigning values based on the variables weighted odd ratios. Results. The study comprised 329 patients, 115 (35%) required ICU admission and 214 (65%) were hospitalized and discharged from general wards. The clinical prediction model (ABC-GOALSc) included sex, obesity, the Charlson comorbidity index, dyspnea, arterial pressure and respiratory rate at triage evaluation. The clinical plus laboratory model (ABC-GOALScl) added serum albumin, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase and S/F ratio to the clinical model. The model that included imaging (ABC-GOALSclx) added the CT scan finding of >50% lung involvement. All three models outperformed other pneumonia-specific scores with area under the curve of 0.79 (0.74-0.83), 0.86 (0.82-0.90) and 0.88 (0.84-0.92) for the clinical, laboratory and imaging model, respectively. Conclusion. The ABC-GOALS score is a tool to evaluate patients with COVID-19 at admission to the emergency department that allows to timely predict their risk of admission to an ICU and may help optimize healthcare capacities. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.12.20099416 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.12.20099416 id: cord-295287-j3gm9vpz author: Michard, Frédéric title: Haemodynamic Monitoring and Management in COVID-19 Intensive Care Patients: An International Survey date: 2020-08-09 words: 2873.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295287-j3gm9vpz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295287-j3gm9vpz.txt summary: CONCLUSION: Our survey confirms that vasopressor support is not uncommon in COVID-19 ICU patients and suggests that different cardiac function phenotypes may be observed. Despite these pathophysiological considerations, large observational studies published so far focused on lung injury [11] , mentioned myocardial injury and arrhythmia as possible complications [12] , but did not report much information about the haemodynamic status and management of critically ill COVID-19 patients. An electronic survey was designed to investigate current haemodynamic monitoring and management practices in COVID-19 ICU patients, as well as alignment with recent guidelines. From a monitoring standpoint, SvO2 was reported to be frequently measured from central venous catheters, and ultrasounds were reported to be widely used, not only to assess cardiac function but also to predict fluid responsiveness and to assess pulmonary oedema. Many respondents used echo not only to assess biventricular function but also to measure cardiac output, to predict fluid responsiveness and to detect lung B lines. abstract: PURPOSE: To survey haemodynamic monitoring and management practices in ICU patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: A questionnaire was shared on social networks or via email by the authors and by Anaesthesia and/or Critical Care societies from France, Switzerland, Belgium, Brazil, and Portugal. Intensivists and anaesthetists involved in COVID-19 ICU care were invited to answer 14 questions about haemodynamic monitoring and management. RESULTS: Globally, 1000 questionnaires were available for analysis. Responses came mainly from Europe (n = 460) and America (n = 434). According to respondents, a majority of COVID-19 ICU patients frequently or very frequently received continuous vasopressor support (56%) and had an echocardiography performed (54%). Echocardiography revealed a normal cardiac function, a hyperdynamic state (43%), hypovolaemia (22%), a left ventricular dysfunction (21%) and a right ventricular dilation (20%). Fluid responsiveness was frequently assessed (84%), mainly using echo (62%), and cardiac output was measured in 69%, mostly with echo as well (53%). Venous oxygen saturation was frequently measured (79%), mostly from a CVC blood sample (94%). Tissue perfusion was assessed biologically (93%) and clinically (63%). Pulmonary oedema was detected and quantified mainly using echo (67%) and chest X-ray (61%). CONCLUSION: Our survey confirms that vasopressor support is not uncommon in COVID-19 ICU patients and suggests that different cardiac function phenotypes may be observed. Ultrasounds were used by many respondents, to assess cardiac function but also to predict fluid responsiveness and quantify pulmonary oedema. Although we observed regional differences, current international guidelines were apparently followed by most respondents. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32781167/ doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.08.001 id: cord-048343-nzk8m912 author: Milbrandt, Eric B title: Bench-to-bedside review: Critical illness-associated cognitive dysfunction – mechanisms, markers, and emerging therapeutics date: 2006-11-15 words: 5789.0 sentences: 283.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-048343-nzk8m912.txt txt: ./txt/cord-048343-nzk8m912.txt summary: A large number of pathophysiologic mechanisms are thought to underlie critical illness-associated cognitive dysfunction, including neuro-transmitter abnormalities and occult diffuse brain injury. Markers that could be used to evaluate the influence of specific mechanisms in individual patients include serum anticholinergic activity, certain brain proteins, and tissue sodium concentration determination via high-resolution three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. Many of the data supporting occult diffuse brain injury as a cause of critical illness-associated CD come from studies of sepsis and septic encephalopathy, a form of delirium. Lending support to the hypothesis that acute inflammation leads to brain injury and subsequent development of delirium, a recent study found that delirium in postoperative hipfractured patients was significantly associated with serum levels of C-reactive protein, an acute-phase protein that is a marker of acute inflammation [55] . Elevated serum S-100β levels were recently demonstrated in critically ill patients with respiratory failure [69] and in porcine models of endotoxic shock [70] and acute lung injury [71] . abstract: Cognitive dysfunction is common in critically ill patients, not only during the acute illness but also long after its resolution. A large number of pathophysiologic mechanisms are thought to underlie critical illness-associated cognitive dysfunction, including neuro-transmitter abnormalities and occult diffuse brain injury. Markers that could be used to evaluate the influence of specific mechanisms in individual patients include serum anticholinergic activity, certain brain proteins, and tissue sodium concentration determination via high-resolution three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. Although recent therapeutic advances in this area are exciting, they are still too immature to influence patient care. Additional research is needed if we are to understand better the relative contributions of specific mechanisms to the development of critical illness-associated cognitive dysfunction and to determine whether these mechanisms might be amenable to treatment or prevention. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1794449/ doi: 10.1186/cc5078 id: cord-278838-qraq5aho author: Mirouse, Adrien title: Severe varicella-zoster virus pneumonia: a multicenter cohort study date: 2017-06-07 words: 4702.0 sentences: 261.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278838-qraq5aho.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278838-qraq5aho.txt summary: Half the patients received mechanical ventilation within 1 (1–2) day following ICU admission (the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (PaO(2)/FiO(2)) = 150 (80–284), 80% with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)). Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score on day 1 (odds ratio (OR) 1.90 (1.33–2.70); p < 0.001), oxygen flow at ICU admission (OR 1.25 (1.08–1.45); p = 0.004), and early bacterial co-infection (OR 14.94 (2.00–111.8); p = 0.009) were independently associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. Results are presented for the imputed data Candidate predictors were: age, any comorbidity, underlying immunosuppression, SOFA score at day 1, oxygen flow at ICU admission, alveolar consolidation on chest X-ray, antibiotics at ICU admission, and early bacterial co-infection CI confidence interval, ICU intensive care unit, OR odds ratio, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment In our study, the overall mortality was 24% and reached 43% in patients who received invasive mechanical ventilation. abstract: BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is a dreaded complication of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection in adults; however, the data are limited. Our objective was to investigate the clinical features, management, and outcomes of critically ill patients with VZV-related community-acquired pneumonia (VZV-CAP). METHODS: This was an observational study of patients with VZV-CAP admitted to 29 intensive care units (ICUs) from January 1996 to January 2015. RESULTS: One hundred and two patients with VZV-CAP were included. Patients were young (age 39 years (interquartile range 32–51)) and 53 (52%) were immunocompromised. Time since respiratory symptom onset was 2 (1–3) days. There was a seasonal distribution of the disease, with more cases during spring and winter time. All but four patients presented with typical skin rash on ICU admission. Half the patients received mechanical ventilation within 1 (1–2) day following ICU admission (the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (PaO(2)/FiO(2)) = 150 (80–284), 80% with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)). Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score on day 1 (odds ratio (OR) 1.90 (1.33–2.70); p < 0.001), oxygen flow at ICU admission (OR 1.25 (1.08–1.45); p = 0.004), and early bacterial co-infection (OR 14.94 (2.00–111.8); p = 0.009) were independently associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. Duration of mechanical ventilation was 14 (7–21) days. ICU and hospital mortality rates were 17% and 24%, respectively. All patients were treated with aciclovir and 10 received adjunctive therapy with steroids. Compared to 60 matched steroid-free controls, patients treated with steroids had a longer mechanical ventilation duration, ICU length of stay, and a similar hospital mortality, but experienced more ICU-acquired infections. CONCLUSIONS: Severe VZV-CAP is responsible for an acute pulmonary involvement associated with a significant morbidity and mortality. Steroid therapy did not influence mortality, but increased the risk of superinfection. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13054-017-1731-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28592328/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-017-1731-0 id: cord-276676-lgt0rzob author: Moka, Eleni title: Best Practice in Cardiac Anesthesia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Practical Recommendations date: 2020-07-03 words: 5882.0 sentences: 274.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276676-lgt0rzob.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276676-lgt0rzob.txt summary: Indeed, the pandemic has already affected cardiac surgery units in multiple ways: limited number of available ICU beds and ventilation sites, necessity to postpone or cancel elective and/or complex cardiac interventional procedures, patients developing COVID-19 post cardiac surgery, coronavirus patients necessitating urgent cardiac operations, cardiac anesthetists'' in-hospital transfer to staff and support ICUs in front of the pandemic, infected health care providers with consequent shortage of medical and nursing practitioners, restrictions in clinical meetings, and cancelation of training and continuing medical education [6, 8] . Based on the current understanding of COVID-19 pathophysiology and the clinical characteristics of cardiovascular surgical patients, in this review, the authors highlight related anesthesia concerns and provide practical recommendations in reference to perioperative planning and management of patients undergoing cardiac surgery, along with a focus on disease control and prevention in the times of COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: The COVID-19 outbreak has influenced the entire health care system, including cardiac surgery. In this review, the authors reveal practical aspects that are important during the COVID-19 pandemic with regards to the safe delivery of cardiac anesthesia. Timing for operations of the cardio-vascular system may be well programmed, in most cases. Hence, the level of priorities must be defined for any single patient. The postponement of surgery may be convenient for most cases, if it is made in the best interest of the patient. The preanesthetic evaluation should keep attention to the respiratory history of the patient. Cardiac anesthesia is always implying some respiratory monitoring; hence the existing clinical situation of the patient’s respiratory system should be clear. In case of emergency surgery, the patient should be treated as if they potentially have or are at risk for the virus. In the case of a COVID-19 confirmed or suspected patient, attention must be made to preserve operating room and team integrity. The machineries are to be draped with plastic, in order to simplify the disinfection after the operation. Perioperative management of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients must strictly follow the most relevant international guidelines. This review article has synthesized the common aspect present in the most important of these. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1521689620300495?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2020.06.008 id: cord-264829-ynel6ore author: Momtazmanesh, Sara title: Cardiovascular disease in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 10,898 patients and proposal of a triage risk stratification tool date: 2020-07-13 words: 7952.0 sentences: 447.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264829-ynel6ore.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264829-ynel6ore.txt summary: The aims of this systematic review and meta-analyses were (1) to calculate pooled frequency of newly developed and pre-existing CVD, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiac symptoms as the initial presentations of COVID-19, elevation of cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers, acute hepatic, and renal injury; (2) to investigate association of newly developed and pre-existing CVD (including any acquired cardiac disease, encompassing ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies, or congenital heart disease) hypertension, and elevated cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers with severity of the disease and mortality; (3) to define the clinical spectrum and mechanisms of the newly developed cardiovascular diseases in the pediatric and adult population, the spectrum of newly developed arrhythmias and electrocardiographic changes and the pathologic findings of cardiac autopsies; and (4) to propose a TRST for timely detection and appropriate pathophysiologically targeted treatment of high-risk COVID-19 patients with associated CVD. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has drastically affected global health. Despite several studies, there is yet a dearth of data regarding the mechanisms of cardiac injury, clinical presentation, risk factors, and treatment of COVID-19-associated cardiovascular disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis is aimed at defining the clinical, electrocardiographic, and pathologic spectrum of cardiovascular disease (CVD), frequency of elevated cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers, and their frequency and relationship with severity of the disease and mortality in COVID-19 patients and to develop a triage risk stratification tool (TRST) that can serve as a guide for the timely recognition of the high-risk patients and mechanism-targeted therapy. We conducted an online search in databases of PubMed and Embase to identify relevant studies. Data selection was in concordance with PRISMA guidelines. Results were presented as pooled frequencies, odds ratio, standardized mean difference (SMD), and forest and funnel plots. RESULTS: We gathered a total of 54 studies and included 35 of them in our meta-analysis. Acute cardiac injury occurred in more than 25% of cases, mortality was 20 times higher, and admission to intensive care unit increased by 13.5 times. Hypertension was the most common pre-existing comorbidity with a frequency of 29.2%, followed by diabetes mellitus (13.5%). The deceased group of patients had higher cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers, with statistically significant SMD, compared with survivors. Pediatric patients were predominantly mildly affected. However, less frequently, the presentation was very similar to Kawasaki disease or Kawasaki shock syndrome. This latter presentation hass been called as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). CONCLUSIONS: There is a wide spectrum of cardiac involvement in COVID-19 patients, and hence a Triage Risk Stratification Tool can serve as a guide for the timely recognition of the high-risk patients and mechanism-targeted therapy. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43044-020-00075-z doi: 10.1186/s43044-020-00075-z id: cord-005808-w0763esk author: Moreno, Gerard title: Corticosteroid treatment in critically ill patients with severe influenza pneumonia: a propensity score matching study date: 2018-08-03 words: 5146.0 sentences: 311.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005808-w0763esk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005808-w0763esk.txt summary: CONCLUSION: Administration of corticosteroids in patients with severe influenza pneumonia is associated with increased ICU mortality, and these agents should not be used as co-adjuvant therapy. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify the factors associated with corticosteroid use and its impact on intensive care unit (ICU) mortality using propensity score (PS) matching analysis in ICU patients with influenza pneumonia. Our results strongly suggest that administration of corticosteroids as co-adjuvant therapy to standard antiviral treatment in critically ill patients with severe influenza pneumonia is associated with increased ICU mortality. Three recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses [41] [42] [43] concluded that corticosteroid therapy is significantly associated with mortality, even in the subgroup of patients with influenza hospitalized in or outside the ICU. In a homogeneous group of critically ill patients with severe influenza pneumonia, after adequate adjustment by PS matching and competing risks, co-adjuvant corticosteroid therapy was significantly associated with increased ICU mortality. abstract: PURPOSE: To determine clinical predictors associated with corticosteroid administration and its association with ICU mortality in critically ill patients with severe influenza pneumonia. METHODS: Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of critically ill patients with confirmed influenza pneumonia admitted to 148 ICUs in Spain between June 2009 and April 2014. Patients who received corticosteroid treatment for causes other than viral pneumonia (e.g., refractory septic shock and asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] exacerbation) were excluded. Patients with corticosteroid therapy were compared with those without corticosteroid therapy. We use a propensity score (PS) matching analysis to reduce confounding factors. The primary outcome was ICU mortality. Cox proportional hazards and competing risks analysis was performed to assess the impact of corticosteroids on ICU mortality. RESULTS: A total of 1846 patients with primary influenza pneumonia were enrolled. Corticosteroids were administered in 604 (32.7%) patients, with methylprednisolone the most frequently used corticosteroid (578/604 [95.7%]). The median daily dose was equivalent to 80 mg of methylprednisolone (IQR 60–120) for a median duration of 7 days (IQR 5–10). Asthma, COPD, hematological disease, and the need for mechanical ventilation were independently associated with corticosteroid use. Crude ICU mortality was higher in patients who received corticosteroids (27.5%) than in patients who did not receive corticosteroids (18.8%, p < 0.001). After PS matching, corticosteroid use was associated with ICU mortality in the Cox (HR = 1.32 [95% CI 1.08–1.60], p < 0.006) and competing risks analysis (SHR = 1.37 [95% CI 1.12–1.68], p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Administration of corticosteroids in patients with severe influenza pneumonia is associated with increased ICU mortality, and these agents should not be used as co-adjuvant therapy. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00134-018-5332-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095489/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-018-5332-4 id: cord-319427-jkxioc1j author: Mughal, Mohsin Sheraz title: The prevalence of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG antibodies in intensive care unit (ICU) healthcare personnel (HCP) and its implications—a single-center, prospective, pilot study date: 2020-06-12 words: 854.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319427-jkxioc1j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319427-jkxioc1j.txt summary: title: The prevalence of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG antibodies in intensive care unit (ICU) healthcare personnel (HCP) and its implications—a single-center, prospective, pilot study To the Editor-Healthcare personnel (HCP), including practitioners, nursing staff, respiratory therapists, and the pronepositioning team caring for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are considered to have a high risk of exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). 2 To our knowledge, no other study has addressed the prevalence of subclinical seroconversion of SARS-CoV-2 among HCP in the ICU setting. In this study, we investigated the seroconversion of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in ICU HCP exposed to critically ill COVID-19 patients. In total, 134 ICU HCP responded to the survey, and 121 HCP were eligible for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody testing. Of 134 ICU HCP eligible staff, 13 were excluded and 121 underwent SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody testing. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.298 doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.298 id: cord-284417-pmn6ll1q author: Mulet Bayona, Juan V. title: Characteristics and Management of Candidaemia Episodes in an Established Candida auris Outbreak date: 2020-08-30 words: 4238.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284417-pmn6ll1q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284417-pmn6ll1q.txt summary: An increase in the prevalence of Candida bloodstream infections (candidaemia) and a shift in the epidemiology have been observed in recent years, especially since the emergence of the multidrug-resistant yeast Candida auris [1] . This yeast is considered a growing menace to global health for several reasons, which include its resistance to multiple commonly used antifungals, its problematic identification in the laboratory and its facility to spread among patients, causing nosocomial outbreaks, especially in intensive care units (ICU) [4] . Secondly, we analyse the evolution in the Candida species distribution causing candidaemia in our setting since 2011 and the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of all patients diagnosed with C. These infection control practices include the strict isolation/cohorting of cases, decolonisation with chlorhexidine, regular environmental cleaning and the implementation of screening colonisation studies in the high-risk hospital environments such as the ICU. abstract: The multi-resistant yeast Candida auris has become a global public health threat because of its ease to persist and spread in clinical environments, especially in intensive care units. One of the most severe manifestations of invasive candidiasis is candidaemia, whose epidemiology has evolved to more resistant non-albicans Candida species, such as C. auris. It is crucial to establish infection control policies in order to control an outbreak due to nosocomial pathogens, including the implementation of screening colonisation studies. We describe here our experience in managing a C. auris outbreak lasting more than two and a half years which, despite our efforts in establishing control measures and surveillance, is still ongoing. A total of 287 colonised patients and 47 blood stream infections (candidaemia) have been detected to date. The epidemiology of those patients with candidaemia and the susceptibility of C. auris isolates are also reported. Thirty-five patients with candidaemia (74.5%) were also previously colonised. Forty-three patients (91.5%) were hospitalised (61.7%) or had been hospitalised (29.8%) in the ICU before developing candidaemia. Antifungal therapy for candidaemia consisted of echinocandins in monotherapy or in combination with amphotericin B or isavuconazole. The most common underlying disease was abdominal surgery (29.8%). The thirty-day mortality rate was 23.4% and two cases of endophtalmitis due to C. auris were found. All isolates were resistant to fluconazole and susceptible to echinocandins and amphotericin B. One isolate became resistant to echinocandins two months after the first isolate. Although there are no established clinical breakpoints, minimum inhibitory concentrations for isavuconazole were low (≤ 1 μg/mL). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32872580/ doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9090558 id: cord-297682-knd6avhu author: Mulpuru, Sunita title: Hospital Resource Utilization and Patient Outcomes Associated with Respiratory Viral Testing in Hospitalized Patients date: 2015-08-17 words: 3393.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297682-knd6avhu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297682-knd6avhu.txt summary: As a result, infection control practices, including strict hand hygiene, viral testing of patient samples, and use of isolation precautions, quarantine rooms, and personal protective equipment, were mandated for routine use with all patients who sought treatment at emergency departments (EDs) with respiratory symptoms and fever (7, 8) . First, we aimed to determine the association between the use of viral testing and subsequent hospital resource utilization (antibiotic/antiviral drugs prescribed; radiology studies conducted; cultures and bronchoscopies performed), including the duration of isolation precautions. Table 2 describes likelihood of deaths, ICU admission, length of stay, and use of isolation precautions in the study cohort and among hospitalizations in which the patient had a positive or negative NP swab sample. In this study, viral testing of respiratory samples during hospitalization was not associated with a significant reduction in odds of patient deaths or length of hospital stay after adjustment for critical clinical confounding factors. abstract: Testing patients for respiratory viruses should guide isolation precautions and provide a rationale for antimicrobial drug therapies, but few studies have evaluated these assumptions. To determine the association between viral testing, patient outcomes, and care processes, we identified adults hospitalized with respiratory symptoms from 2004 through 2012 at a large, academic, tertiary hospital in Canada. Viral testing was performed in 11% (2,722/24,567) of hospital admissions and was not associated with reduced odds for death (odds ratio 0.90, 95% CI 0.76–1.10) or longer length of stay (+1 day for those tested). Viral testing resulted in more resource utilization, including intensive care unit admission, but positive test results were not associated with less antibiotic use or shorter duration of isolation. Results suggest that health care providers do not use viral test results in making management decisions at this hospital. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of respiratory infection control policies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26197268/ doi: 10.3201/eid2108.140978 id: cord-258582-ksfs27kv author: Nadeem, Ashraf title: ICU outcomes of COVID-19 critically ill patients: an international comparative study date: 2020-07-03 words: 1169.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 67.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258582-ksfs27kv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258582-ksfs27kv.txt summary: Mechanical ventilation (MV) rate in our patients was the same as in Seattle and Atlanta reports (75% and 76%, respectively), but higher than in the Wuhan series (42%), and lower than in Lombardy and Vitoria series (89% and 94%, respectively) ( Table 1) . The mortality rate in Wuhan and Seattle were much higher (61% and 50%, respectively) compared with the other reported ICU cohorts ranging from 26% to 33% (Table 1 and Figure 1 ). The mortality rate among mechanically ventilated patients was much higher in the Wuhan study (81%) than in the other case series (34% to 36%) ( Table 1) . The younger age, lower SOFA score, and a higher rate of prone position might explain the mortality difference between our and the reported studies (Table 1) Our data, along with the recent findings, suggest that the mortality rate in ICU COVID-19 patients are comparable and might be lower than those observed with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by other viral infections [6] . abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235255682030134X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.07.001 id: cord-001536-ta1i0ata author: Nair, Girish B title: Year in review 2013: critical care - respiratory infections date: 2014-10-29 words: 8891.0 sentences: 335.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-001536-ta1i0ata.txt txt: ./txt/cord-001536-ta1i0ata.txt summary: New studies have suggested strategies to identify patients at risk for resistant pathogen infection and therapies that optimize efficacy, without the overuse of broad-spectrum therapy in patients with healthcare-associated pneumonia. Infections, mostly nosocomial, are a major cause of mortality in hospitalized patients related to an increased risk of infection with multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens and the widespread use of indiscriminate broad-spectrum antibiotics. In a study including 519 patients with CAP and 419 with HCAP, the authors compared the performance of Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) and CURB-65 risk scores for predicting 30-day mortality [20] . Maruyama and colleagues [23] , in a prospective study of 425 patients (CAP = 124, HCAP = 321), applied a therapeutic algorithm based on the presence of MDR risk factors (immunosuppression, hospitalization within the last 90 days, poor functional status indicated by a Barthel Index score <50, and antibiotic therapy within the past 6 months) and severity of illness (need for ICU admission or requiring MV) to determine its impact on outcomes. abstract: Infectious complications, particularly in the respiratory tract of critically ill patients, are related to increased mortality. Severe infection is part of a multiple system illness and female patients with severe sepsis have a worse prognosis compared to males. Kallistatin is a protective hormokine released during monocyte activation and low levels in the setting of septic shock can predict adverse outcomes. Presepsin is another biomarker that was recently evaluated and is elevated in patients with severe sepsis patients at risk of dying. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has introduced new definitions for identifying patients at risk of ventilator-associated complications (VACs), but several other conditions, such as pulmonary edema and acute respiratory distress syndrome, may cause VACs, and not all patients with VACs may have ventilator-associated pneumonia. New studies have suggested strategies to identify patients at risk for resistant pathogen infection and therapies that optimize efficacy, without the overuse of broad-spectrum therapy in patients with healthcare-associated pneumonia. Innovative strategies using optimized dosing of antimicrobials, maximizing the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs in critically ill patients, and newer routes of drug delivery are being explored to combat drug-resistant pathogens. We summarize the major clinical studies on respiratory infections in critically ill patients published in 2013. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4330923/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-014-0572-3 id: cord-300356-oorac5he author: Nair, Girish B. title: Community-Acquired Pneumonia: An Unfinished Battle date: 2011-10-05 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Community-acquired pneumonia remains a common illness with substantial morbidity and mortality. Current management challenges focus on identifying the likely etiologic pathogens based on an assessment of host risk factors, while attempting to make a specific etiologic diagnosis, which is often not possible. Therapy is necessarily empiric and focuses on pneumococcus and atypical pathogens for all patients, with consideration of other pathogens based on specific patient risk factors. It is important to understand the expected response to effective therapy, and to identify and manage clinical failure at the earliest possible time point. Prevention is focused on smoking cessation and vaccination against pneumococcus and influenza. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0025712511000927 doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2011.08.007 id: cord-289550-b8f4a7o3 author: Neuwirth, C. title: Investigating duration and intensity of Covid-19 social-distancing strategies date: 2020-04-29 words: 3867.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289550-b8f4a7o3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289550-b8f4a7o3.txt summary: Meanwhile, most countries apply social distancing with the objective to keep the number of critical cases below the capabilities of the health care system. In this study, we present a model-based systems analysis to assess the effectiveness of social distancing measures in terms of intensity and duration of application. 30 Specific objectives of this research are: 1) to investigate the effectiveness of contact 31 reduction policies with respect to intensity and duration and 2) to estimate the amount 32 of time to establish herd immunity by considering the national health care systems of 33 Austria and Sweden, which are very different in terms of critical care capabilities. If the use of 220 mitigation interventions is well balanced against capability limits, the time required to 221 establish herd immunity linearly scales with available capabilities of the health care 222 system (defined by the number of ICU beds in the simulation). abstract: The exponential character of the recent Covid-19 outbreak requires a change in strategy from containment to mitigation. Meanwhile, most countries apply social distancing with the objective to keep the number of critical cases below the capabilities of the health care system. Due to the novelty and rapid spread of the virus, an a priori assessment of this strategy was not possible. In this study, we present a model-based systems analysis to assess the effectiveness of social distancing measures in terms of intensity and duration of application. Results show a super-linear scaling between intensity (percent contact reduction) and required duration of application to have an added value (lower fatality rate). This holds true for an effective reproduction of R > 1 and is reverted for R < 1. If R is not reduced below 1, secondary effects of required long-term isolation are likely to unravel the added value of disease mitigation. We recommend an extinction strategy implemented by intense countermeasures. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.24.20078022v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.24.20078022 id: cord-339695-3ij5pjjy author: Nopp, Stephan title: Risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis date: 2020-09-25 words: 4716.0 sentences: 292.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339695-3ij5pjjy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339695-3ij5pjjy.txt summary: [1] [2] [3] Early studies already reported on coagulation abnormalities and coagulopathy with a rather prothrombotic phenotype in patients with 5] With the better understanding of COVID-19 and its clinical course, venous thromboembolism (VTE), a disease entity covering pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), has been recognized as a particular complication of the disease. These included methodological specifics of the studies (study design, health care setting), clinical information of the study population (demographics, comorbidities, disease severity, use of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis, ultrasound screening, and D-dimer levels), and outcome specifics (definition, type, and rate of VTE). After excluding studies with a high risk of underlying bias, quantitative results from 66 studies were aggregated within a meta-analysis, including 28,173 patients (1, Figure 2 shows a Forrest plot of VTE rates, together with information on health care setting, the performance of screening and outcome definition of respective studies. abstract: BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is frequently observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, reported VTE‐rates differ substantially. OBJECTIVES: We aimed at evaluating available data and estimating the prevalence of VTE in COVID‐19 patients. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search (MEDLINE, EMBASE, WHO COVID‐19 database) to identify studies reporting VTE‐rates in COVID‐19 patients. Studies with suspected high risk of bias were excluded from quantitative synthesis. Pooled outcome rates were obtained within a random effects meta‐analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed for different settings (intensive care unit (ICU) vs. non‐ICU hospitalization and screening vs. no screening) and the association of D‐dimer levels and VTE‐risk was explored. RESULTS: Eighty‐six studies (33,970 patients) were identified and 66 (28,173 patients, mean age: 62.6 years, 60% men, 20% ICU‐patients) were included in quantitative analysis. The overall VTE‐prevalence estimate was 14.1% (95%CI 11.6‐16.9), 40.3% (95%CI 27.0‐54.3) with ultrasound‐screening and 9.5% (95%CI 7.5‐11.7) without screening. Subgroup analysis revealed high heterogeneity, with a VTE‐prevalence of 7.9% (95%CI 5.1‐11.2) in non‐ICU and 22.7% (95%CI 18.1‐27.6) in ICU patients. Prevalence of pulmonary embolism (PE) in non‐ICU and ICU patients was 3.5% (95%CI 2.2‐5.1) and 13.7% (95%CI 10.0‐17.9). Patients developing VTE had higher D‐dimer levels (weighted mean difference 3.26 µg/ml (95%CI 2.76‐3.77) than non‐VTE patients. CONCLUSION: VTE occurs in 22.7% of patients with COVID‐19 in the ICU, but VTE risk is also increased in non‐ICU hospitalized patients. Patients developing VTE had higher D‐dimer levels. Studies evaluating thromboprophylaxis strategies in patients with COVID‐19 are needed to improve prevention of VTE. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33043231/ doi: 10.1002/rth2.12439 id: cord-000349-k0p166fr author: Olive, David title: Severe pneumococcal pneumonia: impact of new quinolones on prognosis date: 2011-03-15 words: 3642.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-000349-k0p166fr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-000349-k0p166fr.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Most guidelines have been proposing, for more than 15 years, a β-lactam combined with either a quinolone or a macrolide as empirical, first-line therapy of severe community acquired pneumonia (CAP) requiring ICU admission. METHODS: Retrospective study of consecutive patients admitted in a 16-bed general intensive care unit (ICU), between January 1996 and January 2009, for severe (Pneumonia Severity Index > or = 4) community-acquired pneumonia due to non penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and treated with a β-lactam combined with a fluoroquinolone. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that, when combined to a β-lactam, levofloxacin is associated with lower mortality than ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin in severe pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia. Firstly, we retrospectively collected all consecutive patients aged > 18 years who were admitted into our ICU (16-bed medical and surgical intensive care unit in a 450-bed general hospital) between January 1996 and January 2009 for severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and who received a definite diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. abstract: BACKGROUND: Most guidelines have been proposing, for more than 15 years, a β-lactam combined with either a quinolone or a macrolide as empirical, first-line therapy of severe community acquired pneumonia (CAP) requiring ICU admission. Our goal was to evaluate the outcome of patients with severe CAP, focusing on the impact of new rather than old fluoroquinolones combined with β-lactam in the empirical antimicrobial treatments. METHODS: Retrospective study of consecutive patients admitted in a 16-bed general intensive care unit (ICU), between January 1996 and January 2009, for severe (Pneumonia Severity Index > or = 4) community-acquired pneumonia due to non penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and treated with a β-lactam combined with a fluoroquinolone. RESULTS: We included 70 patients of whom 38 received a β-lactam combined with ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin and 32 combined with levofloxacin. Twenty six patients (37.1%) died in the ICU. Three independent factors associated with decreased survival in ICU were identified: septic shock on ICU admission (AOR = 10.6; 95% CI 2.87-39.3; p = 0.0004), age > 70 yrs. (AOR = 4.88; 95% CI 1.41-16.9; p = 0.01) and initial treatment with a β-lactam combined with ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin (AOR = 4.1; 95% CI 1.13-15.13; p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that, when combined to a β-lactam, levofloxacin is associated with lower mortality than ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin in severe pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065411/ doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-66 id: cord-321472-n4nnmlv1 author: Oliveira, E. title: ICU Outcomes and Survival in Patients with Severe COVID-19 in the Largest Health Care System in Central Florida date: 2020-08-31 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Background Observational studies have consistently described poor clinical outcomes and increased ICU mortality in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who require mechanical ventilation (MV). Our study describes the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to ICU in the largest health care system in the state of Florida, United States. Methods Retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to ICU due to severe COVID-19 in AdventHealth health system in Orlando, Florida from March 11th until May 18th, 2020. Patients were characterized based on demographics, baseline comorbidities, severity of illness, medical management including experimental therapies, laboratory markers and ventilator parameters. Major clinical outcomes analyzed at the end of the study period were: hospital and ICU length of stay, MV-related mortality and overall hospital mortality of ICU patients. Results Out of total of 1283 patients with COVID-19, 131 (10.2%) met criteria for ICU admission (median age: 61 years [interquartile range {IQR}, 49.5-71.5]; 35.1% female). Common comorbidities were hypertension (84; 64.1%), and diabetes (54; 41.2%). Of the 131 ICU patients, 109 (83.2%) required MV and 9 (6.9%) received ECMO. Lower positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) were observed in survivors [9.2 (7.7-10.4)] vs non-survivors [10 (9.1-12.9] p= 0.004]. Compared to non-survivors, survivors had a longer MV length of stay (LOS) [14 (IQR 8-22) vs 8.5 (IQR 5-10.8) p< 0.001], Hospital LOS [21 (IQR 13-31) vs 10 (7-1) p< 0.001] and ICU LOS [14 (IQR 7-24) vs 9.5 (IQR 6-11), p < 0.001]. The overall hospital mortality and MV-related mortality were 19.8% and 23.8% respectively. After exclusion of hospitalized patients, the hospital and MV-related mortality rates were 21.6% and 26.5% respectively. Conclusions Our study demonstrates an important improvement in mortality of patients with severe COVID-19 who required ICU admission and MV in comparison to previous observational reports and emphasize the importance of standard of care measures in the management of COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.25.20181909v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.25.20181909 id: cord-011210-afcmln4w author: Olsen, Markus Harboe title: Automated pupillometry and the FOUR score — what is the diagnostic benefit in neurointensive care? date: 2020-05-07 words: 3437.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011210-afcmln4w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011210-afcmln4w.txt summary: INTRODUCTION: The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and visual inspection of pupillary function are routine measures to monitor patients with impaired consciousness and predict their outcome in the neurointensive care unit (neuro-ICU). METHODS: Supervised trained nursing staff examined a consecutive sample of patients admitted to the neuro-ICU of a tertiary referral centre using GCS and FOUR score and assessing pupillary function first by visual inspection and then by automated pupillometry. In this feasibility study, we aimed to assess how the FOUR score and automated pupillometry add meaningful clinical information in a regular neuro-ICU setting, compared to GCS and visual inspection of pupils. These assessments were used to analyse (1) if the FOUR score results in a more granular evaluation of different levels of consciousness, (2) how well visual inspection of pupillary function reflects results from automated pupillometry and (3) if nursing staff can be trained to collect FOUR scores and perform automated pupillometry in a true-to-life neuro-ICU setting. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and visual inspection of pupillary function are routine measures to monitor patients with impaired consciousness and predict their outcome in the neurointensive care unit (neuro-ICU). Our aim was to compare more recent measures, i.e. FOUR score and automated pupillometry, to standard monitoring with the GCS and visual inspection of pupils. METHODS: Supervised trained nursing staff examined a consecutive sample of patients admitted to the neuro-ICU of a tertiary referral centre using GCS and FOUR score and assessing pupillary function first by visual inspection and then by automated pupillometry. Clinical outcome was evaluated 6 months after admission using the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended. RESULTS: Fifty-six consecutive patients (median age 63 years) were assessed a total of 234 times. Of the 36 patients with at least one GCS score of 3, 13 had a favourable outcome. All seven patients with at least one FOUR score of ≤ 3 had an unfavourable outcome, which was best predicted by a low “brainstem” sub-score. Compared to automated pupillometry, visual assessment underestimated pupillary diameters (median difference, 0.4 mm; P = 0.006). Automated pupillometry detected a preserved pupillary light reflex in 10 patients, in whom visual inspection had missed pupillary constriction. DISCUSSION: Training of nursing staff to implement frequent monitoring of patients in the neuro-ICU with FOUR score and automated pupillometry is feasible. Both measures provide additional clinical information compared to the GCS and visual assessment of pupillary function, most importantly a more granular classification of patients with low levels of consciousness by the FOUR score. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223804/ doi: 10.1007/s00701-020-04381-y id: cord-302393-hrz3bypr author: Omrani, Ali S. title: The first consecutive 5000 patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 from Qatar; a nation-wide cohort study date: 2020-10-19 words: 4533.0 sentences: 269.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302393-hrz3bypr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302393-hrz3bypr.txt summary: Multivariable logistic regression showed that older age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.041, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.022–1.061 per year increase; P < 0.001], male sex (aOR 4.375, 95% CI 1.964–9.744; P < 0.001), diabetes (aOR 1.698, 95% CI 1.050–2.746; P 0.031), chronic kidney disease (aOR 3.590, 95% CI 1.596–8.079, P 0.002), and higher BMI (aOR 1.067, 95% CI 1.027–1.108 per unit increase; P 0.001), were all independently associated with increased risk of ICU admission. In this study, we describe 60-day outcomes of a nationwide COVID-19 cohort from Qatar, and explore patient characteristics associated with the need for admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). In the multivariable logistic regression, we found that older age, male sex, co-existing diabetes or chronic kidney disease, and higher BMI were all independently associated with increased risk of need for ICU admission ( Table 2) . abstract: BACKGROUND: There are limited data on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes at a national level, and none after 60 days of follow up. The aim of this study was to describe national, 60-day all-cause mortality associated with COVID-19, and to identify risk factors associated with admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study including the first consecutive 5000 patients with COVID-19 in Qatar who completed 60 days of follow up by June 17, 2020. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 60 days after COVID-19 diagnosis. In addition, we explored risk factors for admission to ICU. RESULTS: Included patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 between February 28 and April 17, 2020. The majority (4436, 88.7%) were males and the median age was 35 years [interquartile range (IQR) 28–43]. By 60 days after COVID-19 diagnosis, 14 patients (0.28%) had died, 10 (0.2%) were still in hospital, and two (0.04%) were still in ICU. Fatal COVID-19 cases had a median age of 59.5 years (IQR 55.8–68), and were mostly males (13, 92.9%). All included pregnant women (26, 0.5%), children (131, 2.6%), and healthcare workers (135, 2.7%) were alive and not hospitalized at the end of follow up. A total of 1424 patients (28.5%) required hospitalization, out of which 108 (7.6%) were admitted to ICU. Most frequent co-morbidities in hospitalized adults were diabetes (23.2%), and hypertension (20.7%). Multivariable logistic regression showed that older age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.041, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.022–1.061 per year increase; P < 0.001], male sex (aOR 4.375, 95% CI 1.964–9.744; P < 0.001), diabetes (aOR 1.698, 95% CI 1.050–2.746; P 0.031), chronic kidney disease (aOR 3.590, 95% CI 1.596–8.079, P 0.002), and higher BMI (aOR 1.067, 95% CI 1.027–1.108 per unit increase; P 0.001), were all independently associated with increased risk of ICU admission. CONCLUSIONS: In a relatively younger national cohort with a low co-morbidity burden, COVID-19 was associated with low all-cause mortality. Independent risk factors for ICU admission included older age, male sex, higher BMI, and co-existing diabetes or chronic kidney disease. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12879-020-05511-8. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05511-8 doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05511-8 id: cord-001938-n2d5fw2f author: Ong, David S. Y. title: Cytomegalovirus reactivation and mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome date: 2016-03-01 words: 4483.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-001938-n2d5fw2f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-001938-n2d5fw2f.txt summary: Furthermore, CMV reactivation in critically ill patients has been associated with a prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation [2, 4, [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] , an increased length of stay in the ICU [3, 5, 9, 10, 13] , and excess mortality [2, 4, [7] [8] [9] . Nevertheless, it remains uncertain whether these findings imply that CMV reactivation is a truly independent risk factor with respect to these observed poor clinical outcomes because most studies that have assessed these associations did not adequately account for all possible sources of bias. Possible confounders that were screened included all patient characteristics and therapeutic interventions listed in Table 1 , and some markers of disease severity: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ICU intensive care unit, PEEP positive end expiratory pressure, P/F partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (APACHE) IV score, presence of septic shock, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio, and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) setting. abstract: PURPOSE: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation occurs frequently in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and has been associated with increased mortality. However, it remains unknown whether this association represents an independent risk for poor outcome. We aimed to estimate the attributable effect of CMV reactivation on mortality in immunocompetent ARDS patients. METHODS: We prospectively studied immunocompetent ARDS patients who tested seropositive for CMV and remained mechanically ventilated beyond day 4 in two tertiary intensive care units in the Netherlands from 2011 to 2013. CMV loads were determined in plasma weekly. Competing risks Cox regression was used with CMV reactivation status as a time-dependent exposure variable. Subsequently, in sensitivity analyses we adjusted for the evolution of disease severity until onset of reactivation using marginal structural modeling. RESULTS: Of 399 ARDS patients, 271 (68 %) were CMV seropositive and reactivation occurred in 74 (27 %) of them. After adjustment for confounding and competing risks, CMV reactivation was associated with overall increased ICU mortality (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) 2.74, 95 % CI 1.51–4.97), which resulted from the joint action of trends toward an increased mortality rate (direct effect; cause specific hazard ratio (HR) 1.58, 95 % CI 0.86–2.90) and a reduced successful weaning rate (indirect effect; cause specific HR 0.83, 95 % CI 0.58–1.18). These associations remained in sensitivity analyses. The population-attributable fraction of ICU mortality was 23 % (95 % CI 6–41) by day 30 (risk difference 4.4, 95 % CI 1.1–7.9). CONCLUSION: CMV reactivation is independently associated with increased case fatality in immunocompetent ARDS patients who are CMV seropositive. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00134-015-4071-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4747999/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-015-4071-z id: cord-343483-puly7tyv author: Pak, Jamie S. title: A Urology Department's Experience at the Epicenter of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-30 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0090429520307792?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.06.024 id: cord-007818-jfp9uumb author: Papali, Alfred title: Infrastructure and Organization of Adult Intensive Care Units in Resource-Limited Settings date: 2019-02-09 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: In this chapter, we provide guidance on some basic structural requirements, focusing on organization, staffing, and infrastructure. We suggest a closed-format intensive care unit (ICU) with dedicated physicians and nurses, specifically trained in intensive care medicine whenever feasible. Regarding infrastructural components, a reliable electricity supply is essential, with adequate backup systems. Facilities for oxygen therapy are crucial, and the choice between oxygen concentrators, cylinders, and a centralized system depends on the setting. For use in mechanical ventilators, a centralized piped system is preferred. Facilities for proper hand hygiene are essential. Alcohol-based solutions are preferred, except in the context of Ebola virus disease (chloride-based solutions) and Clostridium difficile infection (soap and water). Availability of disposable gloves is important for self-protection; for invasive procedures masks, caps, sterile gowns, sterile drapes, and sterile gloves are recommended. Caring for patients with highly contagious infectious diseases requires access to personal protective equipment. Basic ICU equipment should include vital signs monitors and mechanical ventilators, which should also deliver noninvasive ventilator modes. We suggest that ICUs providing invasive ventilatory support have the ability to measure end-tidal carbon dioxide and if possible can perform blood gas analysis. We recommend availability of glucometers and capabilities for measuring blood lactate. We suggest implementation of bedside ultrasound as diagnostic tool. Finally, we recommend proper administration of patient data; suggest development of locally applicable bundles, protocols, and checklists for the management of sepsis; and implement systematic collection of quality and performance indicators to guide improvements in ICU performance. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124120/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-03143-5_3 id: cord-005692-n4vxazst author: Papazian, Laurent title: Ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a narrative review date: 2020-03-10 words: 10361.0 sentences: 448.0 pages: flesch: 27.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005692-n4vxazst.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005692-n4vxazst.txt summary: Empirical treatment takes into account the underlying disease and its severity, the presence of risk factors for multiple-drug-resistant pathogens (antibiotic therapy in the previous 90 days, hospital stay > 5 days, septic shock at VAP onset, ARDS prior to VAP onset, acute renal replacement therapy prior to VAP onset, previous colonization with MDR pathogen) and local pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility. While lower respiratory tract surveillance cultures may help to predict the involvement of MDR microorganisms in patients that develop VAP and thus decrease unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotics use, there are no clear data that this strategy improves clinical outcomes or lowers costs [89, 90] . Subglottic secretion drainage has repeatedly been associated with lower VAP rates in both individual randomized trials and meta-analyses but does not appear to shorten the time to extubation, ICU length-of-stay, prevent ventilator-associated events, or lower mortality rates [94] . Effect of oropharyngeal povidone-iodine preventive oral care on ventilator-associated pneumonia in severely brain-injured or cerebral hemorrhage patients: a multicenter, randomized controlled trial abstract: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most frequent ICU-acquired infections. Reported incidences vary widely from 5 to 40% depending on the setting and diagnostic criteria. VAP is associated with prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay. The estimated attributable mortality of VAP is around 10%, with higher mortality rates in surgical ICU patients and in patients with mid-range severity scores at admission. Microbiological confirmation of infection is strongly encouraged. Which sampling method to use is still a matter of controversy. Emerging microbiological tools will likely modify our routine approach to diagnosing and treating VAP in the next future. Prevention of VAP is based on minimizing the exposure to mechanical ventilation and encouraging early liberation. Bundles that combine multiple prevention strategies may improve outcomes, but large randomized trials are needed to confirm this. Treatment should be limited to 7 days in the vast majority of the cases. Patients should be reassessed daily to confirm ongoing suspicion of disease, antibiotics should be narrowed as soon as antibiotic susceptibility results are available, and clinicians should consider stopping antibiotics if cultures are negative. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095206/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-05980-0 id: cord-323180-3ih0i81s author: Pardo, Emmanuel title: Nutritional support for critically ill patients with COVID-19: New strategy for a new disease? date: 2020-10-12 words: 1079.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323180-3ih0i81s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323180-3ih0i81s.txt summary: These disabling clinical signs associated with an exacerbated systemic inflammatory syndrome may explain the high incidence of dehydration and malnutrition at ICU admission and the necessity to provide early adequate nutritional support. Enteral nutrition is feasible in patients requiring prone positioning and/or receiving nerve blocking agents, however, a close monitoring for gastric feeding intolerance is advised, associated with the early use of prokinetics and the elevation of the bed in reverse Trendelenburg position to at least 10 to 25°. Expert groups suggest starting, in high risk patients, at 25% of caloric target, regardless of nutrition route, and increasing slowly while closely monitoring serum phosphate, magnesium and potassium, especially during the first 72 hours of ICU stay. Nutrition Therapy in the Patient with COVID-19 Disease Requiring ICU Care Nutrition of the COVID-19 patient in the intensive care unit (ICU): A practical guidance abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33059104/ doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.10.002 id: cord-018801-amet0wx4 author: Park, Caroline title: Care of the Patient with Liver Failure Requiring Transplantation date: 2018-05-04 words: 4703.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 30.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018801-amet0wx4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018801-amet0wx4.txt summary: Depending on acuity, patients with decompensated chronic or acute fulminant liver failure generally require preoperative intensive care unit admission to manage organ dysfunction. Depending on acuity, patients with decompensated chronic or acute fulminant liver failure generally require preoperative intensive care unit (ICU) admission to manage organ dysfunction. In patients that develop AKI post-liver transplantation, treatment includes the prevention of hypotension and decreased use of unnecessary blood products. Early postoperative infections in liver transplant patients are typically bacterial and related to the donor''s status (previous infections from advanced cirrhosis), the surgical procedure itself, prolonged use of invasive catheters, and duration of mechanical ventilation. The resulting lack of blood flow and developing ischemia and necrosis from hepatic artery thrombosis present with signs and symptoms similar to fulminant liver failure patients with elevated liver serum tests, coagulopathy, and severe metabolic acidosis. abstract: Patients undergo liver transplantation to address chronic liver failure, acute fulminant liver failure, or primary liver cancer. Depending on acuity, patients with decompensated chronic or acute fulminant liver failure generally require preoperative intensive care unit admission to manage organ dysfunction. Those with chronic liver failure are allocated an organ based on waiting list position determined by their local organ procurement organization (OPO). This position is dependent upon blood type and Model for End- Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. These patients thus are critically ill and require preoperative ICU monitoring and care. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who require liver transplantation are given a MELD exception and rarely require preoperative ICU care. The patient’s ability to undergo liver transplant in the setting of HCC is determined by the Milan criteria or the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) criteria. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123773/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-71712-8_55 id: cord-329713-dqmvpqtd author: Pasin, Laura title: Regional COVID-19 Network for Coordination of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Veneto, Italy date: 2020-05-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2020.05.005 doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.05.005 id: cord-313136-ab56mg6j author: Pavoni, Vittorio title: Evaluation of coagulation function by rotation thromboelastometry in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-05-11 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia suffered both high thrombotic and bleeding risk. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 on coagulation and fibrinolysis is not well known. We conducted a retrospective study of critically ill patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) a cause of severe COVID-19 pneumonia and we evaluated coagulation function using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) on day of admission (T0) and 5 (T5) and 10 (T10) days after admission to ICU. Coagulation standard parameters were also evaluated. Forty patients were enrolled into the study. The ICU and the hospital mortality were 10% and 12.5%, respectively. On ICU admission, prothrombin time was slightly reduced and it increased significantly at T10 (T0 = 65.1 ± 9.8 vs T10 = 85.7 ± 1.5, p = 0.002), while activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen values were higher at T0 than T10 (32.2 ± 2.9 vs 27.2 ± 2.1, p = 0.017 and 895.1 ± 110 vs 332.5 ± 50, p = 0.002, respectively); moreover, whole blood thromboelastometry profiles were consistent with hypercoagulability characterized by an acceleration of the propagation phase of blood clot formation [i.e., CFT below the lower limit in INTEM 16/40 patients (40%) and EXTEM 20/40 patients (50%)] and significant higher clot strength [MCF above the upper limit in INTEM 20/40 patients (50%), in EXTEM 28/40 patients (70%) and in FIBTEM 29/40 patients (72.5%)]; however, this hypercoagulable state persists in the first five days, but it decreases ten day after, without returning to normal values. No sign of secondary hyperfibrinolysis or sepsis induced coagulopathy (SIC) were found during the study period. In six patients (15%) a deep vein thrombosis and in 2 patients (5%) a thromboembolic event, were found; 12 patients (30%) had a catheter-related thrombosis. ROTEM analysis confirms that patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia had a hypercoagulation state that persisted over time. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-020-02130-7 doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02130-7 id: cord-325290-hbzbyqi4 author: Payne, Anna title: Redeployment of surgical trainees to intensive care during the COVID-19 pandemic: evaluation of the impact on training and wellbeing date: 2020-09-14 words: 2262.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325290-hbzbyqi4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325290-hbzbyqi4.txt summary: title: Redeployment of surgical trainees to intensive care during the COVID-19 pandemic: evaluation of the impact on training and wellbeing OBJECTIVE: : The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of redeployment of surgical trainees to intensive care units (ICUs) during the COVID-19 pandemicin terms of transferrable technical and non-technical skills and wellbeing. SETTING: : The study involved surgical trainees that had been redeployed to the (ICU) across all hospitals in London during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: : Redeployment of surgical trainees to ICU led to increased confidence in a number of technical and non-technical skills. 4 The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the redeployment of surgical trainees to critical care units during the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of transferrable skills, wellbeing and career development. Doctors working at postgraduate years two to four who were redeployed from surgical specialties to ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic were included. abstract: OBJECTIVE: : The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of redeployment of surgical trainees to intensive care units (ICUs) during the COVID-19 pandemic- in terms of transferrable technical and non-technical skills and wellbeing. DESIGN: : This was a survey study consisting of a 23-point questionnaire. SETTING: : The study involved surgical trainees that had been redeployed to the (ICU) across all hospitals in London during the COVID-19 pandemic. PARTICIPANTS: : The survey was sent to 90 surgical trainees who were between postgraduate years two to four. Trainees in speciality training programs (>5 years after graduation) were not included. Thirty-two trainees responded to the questionnaire and were included in the study results. RESULTS: : All respondents spent between 4 and 8 weeks working in ICU. Prior to redeployment, 78% of participants had previous experience of ICU or an affiliated specialty, and >90% had attended at least one educational course with relevance to ICU. There were statistically significant increases in confidence performing central venous cannulation and peripheral arterial catheterisation (p<0.05). With regards to clinical skills, respondents reported feeling more confident managing ventilated patients, patients on non-invasive ventilation, dialysis and circulatory failure patients after working in ICU. Respondents (97%) felt that the experience would be beneficial to their future careers but 53% felt the redeployment had a negative impact on their mental health. CONCLUSIONS: : Redeployment of surgical trainees to ICU led to increased confidence in a number of technical and non-technical skills. However, proactive interventions are needed for training surgeons with regard to their psychological wellbeing in these extraordinary circumstances and to improve workforce planning for future pandemics. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1931720420303597 doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.09.009 id: cord-355028-1x7w1749 author: Piazza, Cesare title: Long-term intubation and high rate of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients might determine an unprecedented increase of airway stenoses: a call to action from the European Laryngological Society date: 2020-06-06 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: INTRODUCTION: The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, may need intensive care unit (ICU) admission in up to 12% of all positive cases for massive interstitial pneumonia, with possible long-term endotracheal intubation for mechanical ventilation and subsequent tracheostomy. The most common airway-related complications of such ICU maneuvers are laryngotracheal granulomas, webs, stenosis, malacia and, less commonly, tracheal necrosis with tracheo-esophageal or tracheo-arterial fistulae. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This paper gathers the opinions of experts of the Laryngotracheal Stenosis Committee of the European Laryngological Society, with the aim of alerting the medical community about the possible rise in number of COVID-19-related laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS), and the aspiration of paving the way to a more rationale concentration of these cases within referral specialist airway centers. RESULTS: A range of prevention strategies, diagnostic work-up, and therapeutic approaches are reported and framed within the COVID-19 pandemic context. CONCLUSIONS: One of the most important roles of otolaryngologists when encountering airway-related signs and symptoms in patients with previous ICU hospitalization for COVID-19 is to maintain a high level of suspicion for LTS development, and share it with colleagues and other health care professionals. Such a condition requires specific expertise and should be comprehensively managed in tertiary referral centers. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32506145/ doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-06112-6 id: cord-034185-e0am7pa6 author: Piccioni, Federico title: Recommendations from the Italian intersociety consensus on Perioperative Anesthesa Care in Thoracic surgery (PACTS) part 2: intraoperative and postoperative care date: 2020-10-23 words: 18220.0 sentences: 941.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034185-e0am7pa6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034185-e0am7pa6.txt summary: We do not recommend the routine use of either continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or non invasive ventilation (NIV) to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications, prolonged length of stay, and mortality (both in ICU and in hospital) in patients undergoing major thoracic surgery. Level of evidence: Fair Strength of recommendation: C A meta-analysis of 45 studies including almost 5800 patients showed that a single perioperative dose of intravenous dexamethasone resulted in significant reductions in pain scores and opioid use, and was associated with shorter stays in the post-anesthesia recovery room, compared with placebo or antiemetic treatment (Waldron et al. Level of evidence: Fair Strength of recommendation: A Multiple clinical trials have shown that, in patients undergoing open thoracotomy or other major surgical procedures, thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) is superior to intravenous opioid administration in terms of postoperative pain relief, length of hospital stay, and incidence of postoperative complications (Hazelrigg et al. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Anesthetic care in patients undergoing thoracic surgery presents specific challenges that require a multidisciplinary approach to management. There remains a need for standardized, evidence-based, continuously updated guidelines for perioperative care in these patients. METHODS: A multidisciplinary expert group, the Perioperative Anesthesia in Thoracic Surgery (PACTS) group, was established to develop recommendations for anesthesia practice in patients undergoing elective lung resection for lung cancer. The project addressed three key areas: preoperative patient assessment and preparation, intraoperative management (surgical and anesthesiologic care), and postoperative care and discharge. A series of clinical questions was developed, and literature searches were performed to inform discussions around these areas, leading to the development of 69 recommendations. The quality of evidence and strength of recommendations were graded using the United States Preventive Services Task Force criteria. RESULTS: Recommendations for intraoperative care focus on airway management, and monitoring of vital signs, hemodynamics, blood gases, neuromuscular blockade, and depth of anesthesia. Recommendations for postoperative care focus on the provision of multimodal analgesia, intensive care unit (ICU) care, and specific measures such as chest drainage, mobilization, noninvasive ventilation, and atrial fibrillation prophylaxis. CONCLUSIONS: These recommendations should help clinicians to improve intraoperative and postoperative management, and thereby achieve better postoperative outcomes in thoracic surgery patients. Further refinement of the recommendations can be anticipated as the literature continues to evolve. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7582032/ doi: 10.1186/s13741-020-00159-z id: cord-006545-c12m75gq author: Pinilla, Inmaculada title: Radiological prognostic factors in patients with pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) infection requiring hospital admission date: 2011-05-27 words: 3045.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006545-c12m75gq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006545-c12m75gq.txt summary: The aim of this study was to determine the radiologic findings associated with admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with pH1N1 infection. A higher number of lung zones involved and consolidation on the initial chest radiograph as well as a rapid progression of the radiological abnormalities were identified in patients requiring ICU admission and development of ARDS. Several reports describe the initial radiographic and CT findings in patients with H1N1 infection of both mild and severe cases including interstitial markings, nodules, ground-glass opacities (GGO), and consolidations with focal, multifocal, or diffuse distribution [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] . The presence on the initial chest radiograph of lung consolidation, multifocal, diffuse, and bilateral involvement (Fig. 2 ) was associated with a statistically higher risk of requiring ICU admission (p<0.001). abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the radiologic findings associated with admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with pH1N1 infection. One hundred and four patients (15–96 years) with laboratory-confirmed pH1N1 infection seen at the Emergency Department from July to December 2009 who underwent chest radiographs were studied. Radiographs were evaluated for consolidation, ground-glass opacities, interstitial patterns, distribution, and extent of findings. Eighty-seven (83.7%) of the patients were managed in the ward, and 17 (16.3%) patients eventually required admission to the ICU. All patients admitted to the ICU showed abnormalities on the initial radiograph. The presence of consolidation, multifocal, diffuse, and bilateral involvement on the initial radiograph was associated with a statistically higher risk of requiring ICU admission (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences regarding age, sex, and presence of underlying comorbidities. Evolution to ARDS was found in eight cases that necessitated ICU care. All of them had on the initial radiograph patchy multifocal consolidations (p < 0.001) with bilateral lesions in six cases. A higher number of lung zones involved and consolidation on the initial chest radiograph as well as a rapid progression of the radiological abnormalities were identified in patients requiring ICU admission and development of ARDS. Initial chest radiographs show acute abnormalities in all patients with severe disease. The findings of a multifocal patchy consolidation pattern with bilateral or diffuse lung involvement on admission should alert of the impending severity of disease and the risk of necessitating ICU admission url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7102002/ doi: 10.1007/s10140-011-0964-5 id: cord-031143-a1qyadm6 author: Pinto Neto, Osmar title: Compartmentalized mathematical model to predict future number of active cases and deaths of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-30 words: 5288.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031143-a1qyadm6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031143-a1qyadm6.txt summary: RESULTS: The main results were: (a) Our model was able to accurately fit the either deaths or active cases data of all tested countries using optimized coefficient values in agreement with recent reports; (b) when trying to fit both sets of data at the same time, fit was good for most countries, but not all. The red circles (deaths) and blue circles (active cases) indicate real data up to June 18 Table 3 Inverse of the model optimized coefficients of γ, δ, ζ, and ε representing latent, infectious, hospitalization, and critical cases mean duration in days, as well as the model estimated basic reproductive number (R 0 ) and the death rate (DR) for June 18, 2020, for Germany, Brazil, Spain, Italy, South Korea, Portugal, Switzerland, Thailand, and USA, respectively. abstract: INTRODUCTION: In December 2019, China reported a series of atypical pneumonia cases caused by a new Coronavirus, called COVID-19. In response to the rapid global dissemination of the virus, on the 11th of Mars, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the outbreak a pandemic. Considering this situation, this paper intends to analyze and improve the current SEIR models to better represent the behavior of the COVID-19 and accurately predict the outcome of the pandemic in each social, economic, and political scenario. METHODOLOGY: We present a generalized Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR) compartmental model and test it using a global optimization algorithm with data collected from the WHO. RESULTS: The main results were: (a) Our model was able to accurately fit the either deaths or active cases data of all tested countries using optimized coefficient values in agreement with recent reports; (b) when trying to fit both sets of data at the same time, fit was good for most countries, but not all. (c) Using our model, large ranges for each input, and optimization we predict death values for 15, 30, 45, and 60 days ahead with errors in the order of 5, 10, 20, and 80%, respectively; (d) sudden changes in the number of active cases cannot be predicted by the model unless data from outside sources are used. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the presented model may be used to predict 15 days ahead values of total deaths with errors in the order of 5%. These errors may be minimized if social distance data are inputted into the model. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7456444/ doi: 10.1007/s42600-020-00084-6 id: cord-305068-9qh8vgtc author: Pinto Pereira, João title: Management of COVID-19 Coagulopathy in a Patient with Severe Haemophilia A date: 2020-09-25 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: A 54-year-old man with a long history of severe haemophilia A treated prophylactically with efmoroctocog alpha (3,000 IU twice weekly) was diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. He had multiple risk factors for COVID-19 severity including obesity, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. He required prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay due to the severity of respiratory failure until his death on day 24. During his ICU stay, he received a continuous infusion of efmoroctocog alpha in order to maintain factor VIII activity between 80 and 100%, together with therapeutic doses of low-molecular-weight heparin targeting anti-Xa activity above 0.5 IU/mol. He tolerated numerous invasive procedures without bleeding. At post-mortem examination, there was no evidence for thrombosis or haemorrhage in the different organs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32980842/ doi: 10.1159/000510591 id: cord-276359-syr9av09 author: Piva, Simone title: Clinical presentation and initial management critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Brescia, Italy date: 2020-04-14 words: 3312.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276359-syr9av09.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276359-syr9av09.txt summary: title: Clinical presentation and initial management critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Brescia, Italy In addition to describing the clinical management of such patients, this study details a proposed severity scale that was used to communicate with non-intensivists for management and triage, and for a step-up approach to drug therapy including antivirals, desamethasone and selective cytokine blockers. Creation of a severity scale to assess patients with COVID is of value to hospitals and physicians facing such shortages. The pandemic spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its disease, COVID-19, has resulted in massive strain in healthcare systems in several countries. The experience of Lombardy is interesting in that despite Italy having the third most number of ICU beds per capita, after the United States and Germany, physicians have had to limit resources due to shortages [1] . abstract: PURPOSE: An ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 that started in Hubei, China has resulted in massive strain on the healthcare infrastructure in Lombardy, Italy. The management of these patients is still evolving. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a single-center observational cohort study of critically ill patients infected with COVID-19. Bedside clinicians abstracted daily patient data on history, treatment, and short-term course. We describe management and a proposed severity scale for treatment used in this hospital. RESULTS: 44 patients were enrolled; with incomplete information on 11. Of the 33 studied patients, 91% were male, median age 64; 88% were overweight or obese. 45% were hypertensive, 12% had been taking an ACE-inhibitor. Noninvasive ventilation was performed on 39% of patients for part or all or their ICU stay with no provider infection. Most patients received antibiotics for pneumonia. Patients also received lopinivir/ritonavir (82%), hydroxychloroquine (79%), and tocilizumab (12%) according to this treatment algorithm. Nine of 10 patients survived their ICU course and were transferred to the floor, with one dying in the ICU. CONCLUSIONS: ICU patients with COVID-19 frequently have hypertension. Many could be managed with noninvasive ventilation, despite the risk of aerosolization. The use of a severity scale augmented clinician management. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.04.004 doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.04.004 id: cord-273737-t6j3leec author: Poeran, Jashvant title: Cancellation of Elective Surgery and Intensive Care Unit Capacity in New York State: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis date: 2020-06-30 words: 2279.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273737-t6j3leec.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273737-t6j3leec.txt summary: BACKGROUND: In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, New York State ordered the suspension of all elective surgeries to increase intensive care unit (ICU) bed capacity. Descriptions of ICU utilization and mechanical ventilation were stratified by admission type (elective surgery, emergent/urgent/trauma surgery, and medical admissions) and by geographic location (New York metropolitan region versus the rest of New York State). In NYC, 221,970 patients required an ICU stay with mechanical ventilation (Table 3) ; 12,726 of those patients were admitted after elective surgery (12,726/221,970 = 5.7%), versus emergent/urgent/trauma surgery (n = 75,334) and medical reasons (n=133,910). While suspending elective surgeries clearly increases hospital (non-ICU) bed capacity, our analysis suggests a limited impact on ICU resource allocation, especially in the context of the much larger share of ICU admissions due to emergent/urgent/trauma surgery and medical etiologies. abstract: BACKGROUND: In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, New York State ordered the suspension of all elective surgeries to increase intensive care unit (ICU) bed capacity. Yet the potential impact of suspending elective surgery on ICU bed capacity is unclear. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 5 years of New York State data on ICU usage. Descriptions of ICU utilization and mechanical ventilation were stratified by admission type (elective surgery, emergent/urgent/trauma surgery, and medical admissions) and by geographic location (New York metropolitan region versus the rest of New York State). Data are presented as absolute numbers and percentages and all adult and pediatric ICU patients were included. RESULTS: Overall, ICU admissions in New York State were seen in 10.1% of all hospitalizations (n = 1,232,986/n = 12,251,617) and remained stable over a 5-year period from 2011 to 2015. Among n = 1,232,986 ICU stays, sources of ICU admission included elective surgery (13.4%, n = 165,365), emergent/urgent admissions/trauma surgery (28.0%, n = 345,094), and medical admissions (58.6%, n = 722,527). Ventilator utilization was seen in 26.3% (n = 323,789/n = 1232,986) of all ICU patients of which 6.4% (n = 20,652), 32.8% (n = 106,186), and 60.8% (n = 196,951) was for patients from elective, emergent, and medical admissions, respectively. New York City holds the majority of ICU bed capacity (70.0%; n = 2496/n = 3566) in New York State. CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing elective surgery comprised a small fraction of ICU bed and mechanical ventilation use in New York State. Suspension of elective surgeries in response to the COVID-19 pandemic may thus have a minor impact on ICU capacity when compared to other sources of ICU admission such as emergent/urgent admissions/trauma surgery and medical admissions. More study is needed to better understand how best to maximize ICU capacity for pandemics requiring heavy use of critical care resources. url: https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000005083 doi: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005083 id: cord-011029-sbds5sda author: Portran, Philippe title: Improving the prognostic value of ∆PCO(2) following cardiac surgery: a prospective pilot study date: 2019-07-10 words: 4593.0 sentences: 246.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011029-sbds5sda.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011029-sbds5sda.txt summary: We compared the prognostic value of ∆PCO(2) on intensive care unit (ICU) admission to an original algorithm combining ∆PCO(2), ERO(2) and lactate to identify different risk profiles. An algorithm incorporating ICU admission values of ∆PCO(2), ERO(2) and lactate defined a high-risk profile that predicted prolonged ICU and hospital stays better than ∆PCO(2) alone. Surrogate markers like central venous to arterial PCO 2 difference (ΔPCO 2 ), oxygen extraction ratio (ERO 2 ) and lactate are used to evaluate this adequacy [2, 3] . In this pilot study, we evaluate the prognostic value of ΔPCO 2 at the time of ICU admission and compare it to an original algorithm combining ΔPCO 2 , ERO 2 and lactate to identify different risk profiles after elective conventional cardiac surgery. The algorithm combining ΔPCO 2 with ERO 2 and lactate identified 12 patients with a low-risk profile and 13 patients with a high-risk profile at the time of admission. abstract: Conflicting results have been published on prognostic significance of central venous to arterial PCO(2) difference (∆PCO(2)) after cardiac surgery. We compared the prognostic value of ∆PCO(2) on intensive care unit (ICU) admission to an original algorithm combining ∆PCO(2), ERO(2) and lactate to identify different risk profiles. Additionally, we described the evolution of ∆PCO(2) and its correlations with ERO(2) and lactate during the first postoperative day (POD1). In this monocentre, prospective, and pilot study, 25 patients undergoing conventional cardiac surgery were included. Central venous and arterial blood gases were collected on ICU admission and at 6, 12 and 24 h postoperatively. High ∆PCO(2) (≥ 6 mmHg) on ICU admission was found to be very frequent (64% of patients). Correlations between ∆PCO(2) and ERO(2) or lactate for POD1 values and variations were weak or non-existent. On ICU admission, a high ∆PCO(2) did not predict a prolonged ICU length of stay (LOS). Conversely, a significant increase in both ICU and hospital LOS was observed in high-risk patients identified by the algorithm: 3.5 (3.0–6.3) days versus 7.0 (6.0–8.0) days (p = 0.01) and 12.0 (8.0–15.0) versus 8.0 (8.0–9.0) days (p < 0.01), respectively. An algorithm incorporating ICU admission values of ∆PCO(2), ERO(2) and lactate defined a high-risk profile that predicted prolonged ICU and hospital stays better than ∆PCO(2) alone. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223397/ doi: 10.1007/s10877-019-00352-6 id: cord-312864-km07zhn1 author: Potalivo, A. title: Sixty-day mortality among 520 Italian hospitalized COVID-19 patients according to the adopted ventilatory strategy in the context of an integrated multidisciplinary clinical organization: a population-based cohort study date: 2020-08-15 words: 5381.0 sentences: 255.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312864-km07zhn1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312864-km07zhn1.txt summary: title: Sixty-day mortality among 520 Italian hospitalized COVID-19 patients according to the adopted ventilatory strategy in the context of an integrated multidisciplinary clinical organization: a population-based cohort study 4, 8, 9, 11 Thus, the number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with oxygen supplementation and NIV has been markedly underreported leading to inaccurate information regarding the overall use of the different respiratory supports and outcomes. Using clinical and demographics information routinely collected in a unique database including all residents in the entire province, we performed the present population-based cohort study with the following aims: 1) to describe the characteristics of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 2) to examine patient outcomes overall and stratified by the adopted respiratory support, 3) to describe the organization of local healthcare system. It should be noted that in our study we documented for patients treated with NIV and/or IMV -despite a similar P/F ratio (median 98.0; IQR 84.0-124.5) and a higher SOFA score (median 8; IQR 6-10)-a considerably lower 60-day mortality rate, overall and in individual groups. abstract: Background: Among COVID-19 patients, the decision of which ventilation strategy to adopt is crucial and not guided by existing outcome evidence. We described the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients according to the adopted respiratory strategy. Methods: Population-based cohort study including all COVID-19 patients (26/02/2020-18/04/2020) within Rimini Italian province. Hospitalized patients were classified according to the maximum level of respiratory support: oxygen supplementation (group Oxygen), NIV (group NIV-only), IMV (group IMV-only), and IMV after a NIV trial (group IMV-after-NIV). Sixty-day mortality risk was estimated with a Cox proportional hazard analysis adjusted by age, sex, and administration of steroids, canakinumab, and tocilizumab. Findings: We identified 1,424 symptomatic patients: 520 (36.5%) were hospitalized, the remaining 904 (63.5%) were treated at home with no 60-days death. According to the respiratory support, 408 (78.5%) were assigned to Oxygen, 46 (8.8%) to NIV-only, 25 (4.8%) to IMV-after-NIV, and 41 (7.9%) to IMV-only groups. There was no significant difference in the P/F at IMV inception among IMV-after-NIV and IMV-only groups (p=0.9). Overall 60-day mortality was 24.2% (Oxygen: 23.0%; NIV-only: 19.6%; IMV-after-NIV: 32.0%; IMV-only: 36.6%; p = 0.165). Compared with Oxygen group, the 60-day mortality risk significantly increased for IMV-after-NIV (HR 2.776; p=0.024) and IMV-only group (HR 2.966; p=0.001). Conclusions: This study provides a population-based figure of the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. A similar 60-days mortality risk was found for patients undergoing immediate IMV and those intubated after a NIV trial. Many patients had a favorable outcome after prolonged IMV. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.13.20174615v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.13.20174615 id: cord-004515-x22q1f21 author: Pottecher, Julien title: Protocol for TRAUMADORNASE: a prospective, randomized, multicentre, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial of aerosolized dornase alfa to reduce the incidence of moderate-to-severe hypoxaemia in ventilated trauma patients date: 2020-03-18 words: 6812.0 sentences: 337.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004515-x22q1f21.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004515-x22q1f21.txt summary: title: Protocol for TRAUMADORNASE: a prospective, randomized, multicentre, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial of aerosolized dornase alfa to reduce the incidence of moderate-to-severe hypoxaemia in ventilated trauma patients Dornase alfa is a US Food and Drug Administration-approved recombinant DNase, which cleaves extracellular DNA and may therefore break up the backbone of NETs and DAMPs. Aerosolized dornase alfa was shown to reduce trauma-induced lung injury in experimental models and to improve arterial oxygenation in ventilated patients. The primary trial objective is to demonstrate a reduction in the incidence of moderate-to-severe hypoxaemia in severe trauma patients during the first 7 days from 45% to 30% by providing aerosolized dornase alfa as compared to placebo. The primary objective of the TRAUMADORNASE study is to demonstrate a reduction in the incidence of moderateto-severe hypoxaemia from 45% to 30% in severe trauma patients during the first 7 ICU days by providing aerosolized dornase alfa once during the first 2 ICU days as compared to equivalent provision of placebo (NaCl 0.9%). abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome continues to drive significant morbidity and mortality after severe trauma. The incidence of trauma-induced, moderate-to-severe hypoxaemia, according to the Berlin definition, could be as high as 45%. Its pathophysiology includes the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which propagate tissue injuries by triggering neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs include a DNA backbone coated with cytoplasmic proteins, which drive pulmonary cytotoxic effects. The structure of NETs and many DAMPs includes double-stranded DNA, which prevents their neutralization by plasma. Dornase alfa is a US Food and Drug Administration-approved recombinant DNase, which cleaves extracellular DNA and may therefore break up the backbone of NETs and DAMPs. Aerosolized dornase alfa was shown to reduce trauma-induced lung injury in experimental models and to improve arterial oxygenation in ventilated patients. METHODS: TRAUMADORNASE will be an institution-led, multicentre, double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial in ventilated trauma patients. The primary trial objective is to demonstrate a reduction in the incidence of moderate-to-severe hypoxaemia in severe trauma patients during the first 7 days from 45% to 30% by providing aerosolized dornase alfa as compared to placebo. The secondary objectives are to demonstrate an improvement in lung function and a reduction in morbidity and mortality. Randomization of 250 patients per treatment arm will be carried out through a secure, web-based system. Statistical analyses will include a descriptive step and an inferential step using fully Bayesian techniques. The study was approved by both the Agence Nationale de la Sécurité du Médicament et des Produits de Santé (ANSM, on 5 October 2018) and a National Institutional Review Board (CPP, on 6 November 2018). Participant recruitment began in March 2019. Results will be published in international peer-reviewed medical journals. DISCUSSION: If early administration of inhaled dornase alfa actually reduces the incidence of moderate-to-severe hypoxaemia in patients with severe trauma, this new therapeutic strategy may be easily implemented in many clinical trauma care settings. This treatment may facilitate ventilator weaning, reduce the burden of trauma-induced lung inflammation and facilitate recovery and rehabilitation in severe trauma patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03368092. Registered on 11 December 2017. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7079402/ doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-4141-6 id: cord-307287-zpq6byml author: Poulsen, Nadia Nicholine title: Cyclosporine and COVID‐19: Risk or Favorable? date: 2020-08-10 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is declared a global health emergency. COVID‐19 is triggered by a novel coronavirus: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV2). Baseline characteristics of admitted patients with COVID‐19 show that adiposity, diabetes and hypertension are risk factors for developing severe disease, but so far immunosuppressed patients that are listed as high‐risk patients have not been more susceptible to severe COVID‐19 than the rest of the population. Multiple clinical trials are currently being conducted, which hopefully can identify more drugs that can lower mortality, morbidity and burden on the society. Several independent studies have convincingly shown that cyclosporine inhibit replication of several different coronaviruses in vitro. The cyclosporine‐analog Alisporivir has recently been shown to inhibit SARS‐CoV2 in vitro. These findings are intriguing, although there is no clinical evidence for a protective effect to reduce the likelihood of severe COVID‐19 or to treat the immune storm or adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that often causes severe morbidity. Here, we review the putative link between COVID‐19 and cyclosporine, while we await more robust clinical data. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.16250 doi: 10.1111/ajt.16250 id: cord-290658-r2bqqovo author: Qian, Hao title: Myocardial Injury on Admission as a Risk in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: a Retrospective in-ICU Study date: 2020-10-16 words: 3550.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290658-r2bqqovo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290658-r2bqqovo.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, clinical presentation, cardiovascular (CV) complications and mortality risk of myocardial injury on admission in critically ill ICU inpatients with COVID-19. We conducted a retrospective study of data from 77 patients admitted to a newly constructed ICU in Wuhan, compared patients with and without myocardial injury, detailed the relationship of myocardial injury with the survival rate and CV outcomes, and presented the following conclusions: 1) Myocardial injury is a common complication in critically ill COVID-19 patients; 2) Additionally, we further compared the mortality and time from ICU admission to death between the myocardial injury and non-myocardial injury patients, which suggested the predictive value of co-existing myocardial injury on admission as a high-risk factor in critically ill patients with COVID-19 in this study. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, clinical presentation, cardiovascular (CV) complications and mortality risk of myocardial injury on admission in critically ill ICU inpatients with COVID-19. DESIGN: A single-center, retrospective, observational study. SETTING: A new-built ICU in Tongji hospital (Sino-French new city campus), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-seven critical COVID-19 patients. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were divided into myocardial injury group and non-myocardial injury group according to the on-admission levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Demographic data, clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, treatment and clinical outcome were evaluated stratified by the presence of myocardial injury on admission. Compared with non-myocardial injury patients, patients with myocardial injury were older (68.4 ± 10.1 vs. 62.1 ± 13.5 years; P=0.02), had higher prevalence of underlying CV disease (34.1% vs. 11.1%; P=0.02) and in-ICU CV complications (41.5% vs13.9%; P=0.008), higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores (20.3 ± 7.3 vs 14.4 ± 7.4; P=0.001) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores [7, interquartile range (IQR) 5-10 vs. 5,IQR 3-6; P<0.001]. Myocardial injury on admission increased the risk of 28-day mortality [hazard ratio (HR), 2.200; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29 to 3.74; P=0.004]. Age ≥ 75 years was another risk factor for mortality (HR, 2.882; 95% CI 1.51 to 5.50; P=0.002). CONCLUSION: Critically ill patients with COVID-19 held high risk of CV complications. Myocardial injury on admission may be a common comorbidity and is associated with severity and a high risk of mortality in this population. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053077020311332?v=s5 doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.10.019 id: cord-308105-u5eri058 author: Qian, Z. title: Between-centre differences for COVID-19 ICU mortality from early data in England date: 2020-04-27 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The high numbers of COVID-19 patients developing severe respiratory failure has placed exceptional demands on ICU capacity around the world. Understanding the determinants of ICU mortality is important for surge planning and shared decision making. We used early data from the COVID-19 Hospitalisation in England Surveillance System (from the start of data collection 8th February -14th April 2020) to look for factors associated with ICU outcome in the hope that information from such timely analysis may be actionable before the outbreak peak. Immunosuppression, chronic renal disease and age were key determinants of ICU mortality in a proportional hazards mixed effects model. However variation in site-stratified random effects were even more appreciable, suggesting substantial between-centre variability in mortality. Notwithstanding possible ascertainment and lead-time effects, these early results motivate comparative effectiveness research to understand the origin of such differences and optimise surge ICU provision. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.19.20070722v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.19.20070722 id: cord-351264-zp41u14l author: Quah, Pipetius title: Mortality rates of patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit: a systematic review of the emerging literature date: 2020-06-04 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03006-1 doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03006-1 id: cord-259984-csdf1a69 author: Raffiq, Azman title: COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Neurosurgery Practice in Malaysia: Academic Insights, Clinical Experience and Protocols from March till August 2020 date: 2020-10-27 words: 16400.0 sentences: 871.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259984-csdf1a69.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259984-csdf1a69.txt summary: For emergent/unavoidable case for a known or undetermined COVID-19 patient, the surgeon and all OT personnel in the surgical suite should use PAPR, which filter the air being breathed in addition to face shields and other standard PPE. In routine clinical care of COVID-19 suspected or confirmed infections, surgical masks are acceptable PPE, except in the case of aerosol generating procedures (intubation, high flow nasal cannula, non-invasive ventilation, bronchoscopy, administration of nebulised medications, etc). Hospitals, professional societies and ministries of health could also provide physician and nursing staff with basic ICU and ventilator management refresher education to improve their capacity to care for COVID-19 patients. Designated COVID-19 hospitals may not be able to support all elective cases, in particular those that require post-operative intensive care or significant use of blood and blood products Surgeons, in consultation with anaesthetist, nursing colleagues as well as patients (or legally accepted next of kin), should weigh the risks of proceeding (exposure, lack of resources) against those of deferment, (progression of disease, worse patients outcomes) including the expectation of delay of 2-3 months or more or until the COVID-19 is less prevalent Figure 6 . abstract: The newly discovered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease introduced to humans for the first time. Following the pandemic of COVID-19, there is a major shift of practices among surgical departments in response to an unprecedented surge in reducing the transmission of disease. With pooling and outsourcing of more health care workers to emergency rooms, public health care services and medical services, further in-hospital resources are prioritised to those in need. It is imperative to balance the requirements of caring for COVID-19 patients with imminent risk of delay to others who need care. As Malaysia now approaches the recovery phase following the pandemic, the crisis impacted significantly on neurosurgical services throughout the country. Various emergency measures taken at the height of the crisis may remain as the new normal in the provision of neurosurgical services and practices in Malaysia. The crisis has certainly put a strain on the effective delivery of services and as we approach the recovery era, what may have been a strain may prove to be a silver lining in neurosurgical services in Malaysia. The following details are various measures put in place as the new operational protocols for neurosurgical services in Malaysia. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33154710/ doi: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.5.14 id: cord-035315-j5mknuv5 author: Rahim, Fawad title: Mortality of Patients With Severe COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Study From a Major COVID-19 Receiving Hospital date: 2020-10-12 words: 2710.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035315-j5mknuv5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035315-j5mknuv5.txt summary: title: Mortality of Patients With Severe COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Study From a Major COVID-19 Receiving Hospital Objective To determine the mortality of patients with severe COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) in relation to age, gender, co-morbidities, ventilatory status, and length of stay (LOS). Methods This was a cross-sectional study based on data retrieved for 204 patients admitted to the ICU of Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan, from April to August 2020. The data in terms of mortality, ventilatory support, comorbid conditions, and length of hospital stay is conflicting because different authors have reported the outcomes of a fraction of admitted patients and at variable durations since admission [7] [8] . Study variables were age, gender, comorbidities, ventilatory status, length of stay (LOS), and outcomes in terms of survival and death. abstract: Objective To determine the mortality of patients with severe COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) in relation to age, gender, co-morbidities, ventilatory status, and length of stay (LOS). Methods This was a cross-sectional study based on data retrieved for 204 patients admitted to the ICU of Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan, from April to August 2020. Study variables were age, gender, co-morbid conditions, ventilatory status, and length of stay (LOS). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). The independent t-test and the chi-square test were used to compare the means and frequencies of variables. Multivariate regression analysis was used to predict the likelihood of mortality. Results The overall mortality was 77%. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) was administered to 61.8% of patients. Mortality was higher for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (93.6% vs 66.7%, p<0.001) and for over 60 years (87.3% vs 72.3%, p=0.019). Mortality without co-morbidities was 75.2%. Comparative mortality rates for at least one co-morbidity (79.7%), diabetes mellitus (80.0%), hypertension (100%), diabetes mellitus and hypertension both (87.1%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (75%) were insignificant. The LOS for survivors was longer (8.9±8.9 versus 5.4±5.2 days, p=0.017). The LOS < 24h was associated with higher mortality (85.9% vs 72.9%, p=0.040). On multivariable regression, the likelihood of mortality was high for IMV (7.330, 95% CI 2.667 - 20.143, p<0.001) and elderly (>60 years) patients (2.607, 95%CI 1.063 - 6.394, p=0.036). Mortality decreased with LOS longer than 24h (0.412, 95%CI 0.173 - 0.982, p=0.045). Co-morbidities did not have any effect on mortality. Conclusions Age more than 60 years and IMV were independent risk factors for higher mortality. Longer ICU stay, specifically more than 24 hours, was associated with lower mortality but LOS less than 24 hours might not have a causal relationship with mortality. The odds of survival were not affected by co-morbidities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7657313/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.10906 id: cord-005503-hm8tvkt3 author: Rasulo, Frank A. title: Essential Noninvasive Multimodality Neuromonitoring for the Critically Ill Patient date: 2020-03-24 words: 5987.0 sentences: 278.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005503-hm8tvkt3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005503-hm8tvkt3.txt summary: Recently, automated infrared pupillometry has been introduced into clinical practice, quickly gaining popularity due to its quantitative precision, low cost, noninvasiveness, bedside applicability, and easy-to-use technology, contributing to a modern precision-oriented approach to medicine. reported that power mode transcranial Doppler had high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of brain death, respectively 100% and 98% (flow velocity was assessed in the middle cerebral artery using a transtemporal approach) [32] (Fig. 9 ). Processed EEG was originally intended for the management of the anesthetic state during surgery to avoid accidental awareness and to titrate sedation in critically ill patients where clinical scales represent the gold standard. In addition, clinical scale assessment is performed by disturbing sedated or sleeping patients (processed EEG does not require modification of the sedation state) and can never identify phases of burst suppression or isoelectric traces (total suppression) [39] , which are associated with negative outcomes (e.g., delirium occurrence, prolonged mechanical ventilation, mortality). abstract: This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2020. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2020. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7092614/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-2781-2 id: cord-267296-u4svwcpt author: Rauch, Antoine title: Endotheliopathy Is Induced by Plasma From Critically Ill Patients and Associated With Organ Failure in Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-11-10 words: 1318.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267296-u4svwcpt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267296-u4svwcpt.txt summary: 4 We further investigated the association of plasma-induced cytotoxicity with levels of circulating biomarkers related to organ dysfunction (Pao 2 [partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood]/Fio 2 [fraction of inspired oxygen], widely used as an indicator of oxygenation requirements, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, and aspartate transaminase), endothelial damage (von Willebrand factor antigen; ADAMTS13; plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; syndecan-1), tissue injury (cell-free DNA, a damage-associated molecular patterns marker), and levels of circulating cytokines related to the activation of innate (interleukin [IL]-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α) and adaptative immune cell responses (soluble IL-2 receptor). Overall, the degree of vascular endothelial cell injury induced by plasma sampled from patients with COVID-19 correlated to both clinical illness severity at admission and the levels of biomarkers related to endothelial injury, tissue injury, and proinflammatory cytokines. Our data shed new light on the pathophysiology of COVID-19 by demonstrating the direct and rapid cytotoxic effect of plasma collected from critically ill patients on vascular endothelial cells. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32970476/ doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.050907 id: cord-287132-ellr5l4z author: Reif, Sarah Jordan title: A pilot volunteer reader programme decreases delirium days in critically ill, adult ICU patients date: 2020-07-20 words: 1570.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287132-ellr5l4z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287132-ellr5l4z.txt summary: title: A pilot volunteer reader programme decreases delirium days in critically ill, adult ICU patients Delirium, a form of acute brain dysfunction presenting as altered mental status, and impairment of memory, emotion, thinking, perception and behaviour 1 develops over hours to days 2 and is seen in 20%-80% 1 3 of adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients, depending on the diagnostic method and severity of illness. We hypothesised that a programme of interaction-reading to critically ill ICU patients on a daily basis-might decrease delirium days. The ICU Reader Programme was born as a service project, using volunteers, in which we hoped to identify a decrease in delirium days-the ''signal''-that would prove our hypothesis. Delirium was diagnosed using the 2014 updated version of the Confusion Assessment Method-ICU (CAM-ICU) scoring system, [11] [12] [13] shown to tightly correlate with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 delirium diagnosis. An ICU Reader Programme appears to decrease risk for, and duration of, delirium in adult ICU patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32690546/ doi: 10.1136/bmjoq-2019-000761 id: cord-352065-960xqft4 author: Rello, Jordi title: Update in COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit from the 2020 HELLENIC Athens International Symposium date: 2020-10-22 words: 4976.0 sentences: 264.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352065-960xqft4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352065-960xqft4.txt summary: Experts reviewed the latest literature relating to the COVID-19 pandemic in critically ill patients, such as epidemiology, pathophysiology, phenotypes of infection, COVID-19 as a systematic infection, molecular diagnosis, mechanical ventilation, thromboprophylaxis, COVID-19 associated co-infections, immunotherapy, plasma treatment, Catheter-Related bloodstream infections, artificial intelligence for COVID-19, and vaccination. A major problem of the coronavirus pandemic is the considerable burden imposed on National Health Systems worldwide due to the hyperacute outbreak and the proportional increase of patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) support in an extremely limited period of time, while outcomes vary according to the burden of the disease in each country. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the primary cause of death in COVID-19 [7] and a recent scope review found that for COVID-19, < 5% of patients were reported as experiencing bacterial/fungal coinfection at admission, but development of secondary infections during ICU admission is common [8, 9] . abstract: The 2020 International Web Scientific Event in COVID-19 pandemic in critically ill patients aimed at updating the information and knowledge on the COVID-19 pandemic in the intensive care unit. Experts reviewed the latest literature relating to the COVID-19 pandemic in critically ill patients, such as epidemiology, pathophysiology, phenotypes of infection, COVID-19 as a systematic infection, molecular diagnosis, mechanical ventilation, thromboprophylaxis, COVID-19 associated co-infections, immunotherapy, plasma treatment, Catheter-Related bloodstream infections, artificial intelligence for COVID-19, and vaccination. Antiviral therapy and co-infections are out of the scope of this review. In this review, each of these issues is discussed with key messages regarding management and further research being presented after a brief review of available evidence. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33172592/ doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.10.008 id: cord-285291-pep4opiq author: Remy, Kenneth E. title: Caring for Critically Ill Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a PICU: Recommendations by Dual Trained Intensivists* date: 2020-04-29 words: 7168.0 sentences: 423.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285291-pep4opiq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285291-pep4opiq.txt summary: T he worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has already resulted in critical care demands overwhelming resources in nations such as Italy (1) . Prone positioning for at least 12 hours daily in adults with severe ARDS may increase ventilator-free days, reduce in-hospital mortality, and reduce the need for rescue therapies like inhaled nitric oxide and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (16, (65) (66) (67) (68) . Nonpharmacologic approaches to these modifiable risk factors include frequent environmental reorientation, cognitive stimulation, minimizing sleep interruptions, engaging familiar visitors, limiting use of sedative medications, and scheduled sedation "holidays." These strategies have consistently shown improved clinical outcomes in critically ill patients and are now considered standard of care (117) . EPVent-2 Study Group: Effect of titrating positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) with an esophageal pressure-guided strategy vs an empirical high PEEP-FIO 2 strategy on death and days free from mechanical ventilation among patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: A randomized clinical trial abstract: In the midst of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic, which causes coronavirus disease 2019, there is a recognized need to expand critical care services and beds beyond the traditional boundaries. There is considerable concern that widespread infection will result in a surge of critically ill patients that will overwhelm our present adult ICU capacity. In this setting, one proposal to add “surge capacity” has been the use of PICU beds and physicians to care for these critically ill adults. DESIGN: Narrative review/perspective. SETTING: Not applicable. PATIENTS: Not applicable. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The virus’s high infectivity and prolonged asymptomatic shedding have resulted in an exponential growth in the number of cases in the United States within the past weeks with many (up to 6%) developing acute respiratory distress syndrome mandating critical care services. Coronavirus disease 2019 critical illness appears to be primarily occurring in adults. Although pediatric intensivists are well versed in the care of acute respiratory distress syndrome from viral pneumonia, the care of differing aged adult populations presents some unique challenges. In this statement, a team of adult and pediatric-trained critical care physicians provides guidance on common “adult” issues that may be encountered in the care of these patients and how they can best be managed in a PICU. CONCLUSIONS: This concise scientific statement includes references to the most recent and relevant guidelines and clinical trials that shape management decisions. The intention is to assist PICUs and intensivists in rapidly preparing for care of adult coronavirus disease 2019 patients should the need arise. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32420720/ doi: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002429 id: cord-025164-hqj22yxe author: Renew, J. Ross title: Neuromuscular blockade management in the critically Ill patient date: 2020-05-24 words: 8188.0 sentences: 383.0 pages: flesch: 31.0 cache: ./cache/cord-025164-hqj22yxe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-025164-hqj22yxe.txt summary: ACh: Acetylcholine; AMG: Acceleromyography; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; CIM: Critical illness myopathy; CINM: Critical illness neuromyopathy; CIP: Critical illness polyneuropathy; DVT: Deep venous thrombosis; ED95: Effective dose that decreases the twitch by 95% from baseline; EEG: Electroencephalography; EMG: Electromyography; GRADE: Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation; ICP: Intracranial pressure; ICU: Intensive care unit; ICUAW: Intensive care unit-acquired weakness; KMG: Kinemyography; nAChR: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; NAP4: 4th National Audit Project; NMBA: Neuromuscular blocking agent; NMJ: Neuromuscular junction; OR: Operating room; OSA: Obstructive sleep apnea; PaO 2 /FiO 2 : Partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen; pEEG: Processed electroencephalography; PNS: Peripheral nerve stimulator; RSII: Rapid sequence induction and intubation; SCCM: Society of Critical Care Medicine for all aspects of the work. abstract: Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) can be an effective modality to address challenges that arise daily in the intensive care unit (ICU). These medications are often used to optimize mechanical ventilation, facilitate endotracheal intubation, stop overt shivering during therapeutic hypothermia following cardiac arrest, and may have a role in the management of life-threatening conditions such as elevated intracranial pressure and status asthmaticus (when deep sedation fails or is not tolerated). However, current NMBA use has decreased during the last decade due to concerns of potential adverse effects such as venous thrombosis, patient awareness during paralysis, development of critical illness myopathy, autonomic interactions, and even residual paralysis following cessation of NMBA use. It is therefore essential for clinicians to be familiar with evidence-based practices regarding appropriate NMBA use in order to select appropriate indications for their use and avoid complications. We believe that selecting the right NMBA, administering concomitant sedation and analgesic therapy, and using appropriate monitoring techniques mitigate these risks for critically ill patients. Therefore, we review the indications of NMBA use in the critical care setting and discuss the most appropriate use of NMBAs in the intensive care setting based on their structure, mechanism of action, side effects, and recognized clinical indications. Lastly, we highlight the available pharmacologic antagonists, strategies for sedation, newer neuromuscular monitoring techniques, and potential complications related to the use of NMBAs in the ICU setting. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7245849/ doi: 10.1186/s40560-020-00455-2 id: cord-264907-y4vefr98 author: Renke, Christine title: Utilization of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners as Adult Critical Care Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Novel Approach date: 2020-06-17 words: 2658.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264907-y4vefr98.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264907-y4vefr98.txt summary: Detroit-area hospitals were tasked with mobilizing institutional resources including personnel, personal protective equipment (PPE) , and the necessary medical supplies required to provide care for the surge of COVID-19 patients. To meet the challenge of the frontline provider deficit, Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (PNPs), with experience in the management of acute and critically ill patients, were a valuable resource to the COVID-19 ICU. This group of PNPs, equipped with evolving global and institutional COVID-19 standards of care and adult critical care guidelines, combined with support from adult critical care medicine faculty, provided frontline care to critically ill COVID-19 patients. An initial call for volunteers to staff the COVID-19 ICU was sent to inpatient advanced practice providers (APPs), including NPs, certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs), and physician assistants (PAs). Following deployment, an email survey was sent to all APPs who worked in the COVID-19 ICU regarding their background, education, usual scope of practice, and overall experience during deployment. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0891524520301668 doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2020.06.005 id: cord-341088-bqdvx458 author: Rice, Ken title: Effect of school closures on mortality from coronavirus disease 2019: old and new predictions date: 2020-10-07 words: 4930.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341088-bqdvx458.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341088-bqdvx458.txt summary: Table 3 also illustrates the counterintuitive result that adding school closures to a scenario with case isolation, household quarantine, and social distancing in people older than 70 years would increase the total number of deaths across the full simulation. However, this suppression then leads to a second wave with a higher peak demand for ICU beds than during the intervention period, and total numbers of deaths that exceed those of the same scenario without place closures. For example, adding general social distancing to case isolation and household quarantine was also strongly associated with suppression of the infection during the intervention period, but then a second wave occurs that actually concerns a higher peak demand for ICU beds than for the equivalent scenario without general social distancing. the scenario of place closures, case isolation, household quarantine, and social distancing of over 70s would minimise peak demand for intensive care but prolong the epidemic, resulting in more people needing intensive care and more deaths. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To replicate and analyse the information available to UK policymakers when the lockdown decision was taken in March 2020 in the United Kingdom. DESIGN: Independent calculations using the CovidSim code, which implements Imperial College London’s individual based model, with data available in March 2020 applied to the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) epidemic. SETTING: Simulations considering the spread of covid-19 in Great Britain and Northern Ireland. POPULATION: About 70 million simulated people matched as closely as possible to actual UK demographics, geography, and social behaviours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Replication of summary data on the covid-19 epidemic reported to the UK government Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), and a detailed study of unpublished results, especially the effect of school closures. RESULTS: The CovidSim model would have produced a good forecast of the subsequent data if initialised with a reproduction number of about 3.5 for covid-19. The model predicted that school closures and isolation of younger people would increase the total number of deaths, albeit postponed to a second and subsequent waves. The findings of this study suggest that prompt interventions were shown to be highly effective at reducing peak demand for intensive care unit (ICU) beds but also prolong the epidemic, in some cases resulting in more deaths long term. This happens because covid-19 related mortality is highly skewed towards older age groups. In the absence of an effective vaccination programme, none of the proposed mitigation strategies in the UK would reduce the predicted total number of deaths below 200 000. CONCLUSIONS: It was predicted in March 2020 that in response to covid-19 a broad lockdown, as opposed to a focus on shielding the most vulnerable members of society, would reduce immediate demand for ICU beds at the cost of more deaths long term. The optimal strategy for saving lives in a covid-19 epidemic is different from that anticipated for an influenza epidemic with a different mortality age profile. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33028597/ doi: 10.1136/bmj.m3588 id: cord-000892-l9862er0 author: Richard, Jean-Christophe Marie title: Interest of a simple on-line screening registry for measuring ICU burden related to an influenza pandemic date: 2012-07-09 words: 3958.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-000892-l9862er0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-000892-l9862er0.txt summary: An on-line screening registry allowed a daily report of ICU beds occupancy rate by flu infected patients (Flu-OR) admitted in French ICUs. METHODS: We conducted a prospective inception cohort study with results of an on-line screening registry designed for daily assessment of ICU burden. Here, we report the exact rate of ICU bed occupancy by flu-infected patients (Flu-OR) during the pandemic in a representative subset of French ICUs. The French REVA-SRLF registry was a multi-center prospective observational survey based on a website registry, and several results of this registry have been published elsewhere [13] [14] [15] . Even if ICUs were encouraged to do a daily assessment of the presence of patients with A (H1N1), we chose to report the calculation per week first to be consistent with the French organization and the National Institute for Public Health Surveillance (NIPHS), which displayed the time course of the pandemic weekly, and also to simplify data notification for participating centers. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The specific burden imposed on Intensive Care Units (ICUs) during the A/H1N1 influenza 2009 pandemic has been poorly explored. An on-line screening registry allowed a daily report of ICU beds occupancy rate by flu infected patients (Flu-OR) admitted in French ICUs. METHODS: We conducted a prospective inception cohort study with results of an on-line screening registry designed for daily assessment of ICU burden. RESULTS: Among the 108 centers participating to the French H1N1 research network on mechanical ventilation (REVA) - French Society of Intensive Care (SRLF) registry, 69 ICUs belonging to seven large geographical areas voluntarily participated in a website screening-registry. The aim was to daily assess the ICU beds occupancy rate by influenza-infected and non-infected patients for at least three weeks. Three hundred ninety-one critically ill infected patients were enrolled in the cohort, representing a subset of 35% of the whole French 2009 pandemic cohort; 73% were mechanically ventilated, 13% required extra corporal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and 22% died. The global Flu-OR in these ICUs was only 7.6%, but it exceeded a predefined 15% critical threshold in 32 ICUs for a total of 103 weeks. Flu-ORs were significantly higher in University than in non-University hospitals. The peak ICU burden was poorly predicted by observations obtained at the level of large geographical areas. CONCLUSIONS: The peak Flu-OR during the pandemic significantly exceeded a 15% critical threshold in almost half of the ICUs, with an uneven distribution with time, geographical areas and between University and non-University hospitals. An on-line assessment of Flu-OR via a simple dedicated registry may contribute to better match resources and needs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3580695/ doi: 10.1186/cc11412 id: cord-017489-ftz9190a author: Richards, Guy A. title: Viruses in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) date: 2005 words: 5792.0 sentences: 330.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017489-ftz9190a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017489-ftz9190a.txt summary: Pneumonia is the most common complication, which occurs in high-risk patients including those with comorbid illness such as cardiovascular or pulmonary disease, diabetes, renal failure, immunosuppression, the elderly, or residents of nursing homes. A study performed in our ICU indicates that corticosteroids may dramatically alter the course of the most severe disease and should be considered in addition to antiviral therapy along with appropriate supportive care in any previously well patient with life threatening varicella pneumonia (42). Patients with HIV or AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) who are hospitalized with chickenpox appear to be at high risk for developing varicella pneumonia, which manifests in a similar clinical fashion to that in immunocompetent individuals. In another study of 68 adult patients admitted with measles diagnosed on clinical and serological grounds, 9 required intensive care, six mechanical ventilation for approximately 15 days, and two deaths occurred. abstract: Whereas viruses are not usually considered to be important causes of ICU admission this review has demonstrated this perception to be incorrect. Viruses and their manifestations differ from continent to continent and hemisphere to hemisphere and it is essential that the intensivist be familiar with diagnosis and management of these ubiquitous organisms. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122063/ doi: 10.1007/0-387-23380-6_3 id: cord-299104-kb5gsig5 author: Riou, Marianne title: Clinical characteristics of and outcomes for patients with COVID-19 and comorbid lung diseases primarily hospitalized in a conventional pulmonology unit: a retrospective study date: 2020-11-12 words: 3626.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299104-kb5gsig5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299104-kb5gsig5.txt summary: title: Clinical characteristics of and outcomes for patients with COVID-19 and comorbid lung diseases primarily hospitalized in a conventional pulmonology unit: a retrospective study Background: Scant data are currently available about a potential link between comorbid chronic lung diseases and the risk and severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Methods: To describe the clinical characteristics of and outcomes for patients with COVID-19 infection, including patients with comorbid respiratory diseases, who have been primarily hospitalized in the pulmonology department of Strasbourg University Hospital, France. Further studies are warranted to determine the risk of COVID-19 for patients with comorbid chronic lung diseases. Despite a relative poor characterization of the mechanisms of COVID-19, known complications including pneumonia and acute respiratory failure led pulmonologists to prepare for the worst for their patients with comorbid chronic lung diseases (CLD) [2, 3] . abstract: Background: Scant data are currently available about a potential link between comorbid chronic lung diseases and the risk and severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Methods: To describe the clinical characteristics of and outcomes for patients with COVID-19 infection, including patients with comorbid respiratory diseases, who have been primarily hospitalized in the pulmonology department of Strasbourg University Hospital, France. In this retrospective, single-center study, we included all confirmed cases of COVID-19 from March 3 to April 15, 2020. We then compared the symptoms, biological and radiological findings, and outcomes for patients with and without chronic lung disease. Results: Of the 124 patients that were enrolled, the median age was 62 years, and 75 patients (60%) were male. Overall, 40% of patients (n = 50) had preexisting comorbid lung disease, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 15, 12%) and asthma (n = 19, 15%). Twenty-eight patients were transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU), and six patients died in our unit. Comorbid lung diseases were not predictive of ICU hospitalization, but a significantly higher total mortality was observed (17.6% vs. 5.5%, p < 0.05) in these patients. Conclusions: Our results suggest the lack of an over-representation of CLD in COVID-19, representing 40% of patients in this cohort and even within a pulmonology department. CLD were not a risk factor for ICU management. However, a tendency to higher global mortality was observed in COVID-19 patients with CLD. Further studies are warranted to determine the risk of COVID-19 for patients with comorbid chronic lung diseases. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S259004122030057X doi: 10.1016/j.resmer.2020.100801 id: cord-325649-zzhsrytw author: Rispoli, Rossella title: Spine surgery in Italy in the COVID-19 era: Proposal for assessing and responding to the regional state of emergency date: 2020-08-07 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Abstract In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was discovered in Wuhan, Hubei province, from where it spread rapidly across the globe. COVID-19 characteristics – elevated infectivity, rapid spread, and general population susceptibility – pose a great challenge to hospitals. Infectious disease, pulmonology, and intensive care units have been strengthened and expanded. All other specialties have been compelled to suspend or reduce clinical and elective surgical activities. The profound effects on spine surgery call for systematic approaches to optimizing the diagnosis and treatment of spinal diseases. Here, based on the experience of one Italian region, we draw an archetype for assessing the current and predicted level of stress in the health care system, with the aim of enabling hospitals to make better decisions during the pandemic. Further, we provide a framework that may help guide strategies for adapting surgical spine care to the conditions of epidemic surge. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32777401/ doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.001 id: cord-011211-79stfqrd author: Robba, Chiara title: Tracheostomy practice and timing in traumatic brain-injured patients: a CENTER-TBI study date: 2020-02-05 words: 4821.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011211-79stfqrd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011211-79stfqrd.txt summary: This study aims to describe the characteristics of those TBI patients who undergo a tracheostomy and the current state of its timing; to identify the factors involved in performing the procedure and the different strategies between countries, and to assess the effect of the timing on patients'' outcome. • Tracheostomy is commonly performed in TBI patients in ICU, and is most frequently undertaken after the first week in ICU; • The likelihood of receiving a tracheostomy increases significantly with age, the severity of neurological injury (expressed as lower GCS and pupillary abnormalities), extra-cranial injury (particularly thoracic trauma), and early secondary insults (such as hypoxemia); • There are significant variations in tracheostomy rates across countries and centres in Europe; • When assessed as a discrete variable, later tracheostomies are associated with an increase in unfavourable outcome and LOS. abstract: PURPOSE: Indications and optimal timing for tracheostomy in traumatic brain-injured (TBI) patients are uncertain. This study aims to describe the patients’ characteristics, timing, and factors related to the decision to perform a tracheostomy and differences in strategies among different countries and assess the effect of the timing of tracheostomy on patients’ outcomes. METHODS: We selected TBI patients from CENTER-TBI, a prospective observational longitudinal cohort study, with an intensive care unit stay ≥ 72 h. Tracheostomy was defined as early (≤ 7 days from admission) or late (> 7 days). We used a Cox regression model to identify critical factors that affected the timing of tracheostomy. The outcome was assessed at 6 months using the extended Glasgow Outcome Score. RESULTS: Of the 1358 included patients, 433 (31.8%) had a tracheostomy. Age (hazard rate, HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.07, p = 0.003), Glasgow coma scale ≤ 8 (HR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.22–2.36 at 7; p < 0.001), thoracic trauma (HR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.01–1.52, p = 0.020), hypoxemia (HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.05–1.79, p = 0.048), unreactive pupil (HR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.27–2.45 at 7; p < 0.001) were predictors for tracheostomy. Considerable heterogeneity among countries was found in tracheostomy frequency (7.9–50.2%) and timing (early 0–17.6%). Patients with a late tracheostomy were more likely to have a worse neurological outcome, i.e., mortality and poor neurological sequels (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.07–2.67, p = 0.018), and longer length of stay (LOS) (38.5 vs. 49.4 days, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Tracheostomy after TBI is routinely performed in severe neurological damaged patients. Early tracheostomy is associated with a better neurological outcome and reduced LOS, but the causality of this relationship remains unproven. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00134-020-05935-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223805/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-05935-5 id: cord-346062-q0trgj12 author: Robert, René title: Ethical dilemmas due to the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-17 words: 5716.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346062-q0trgj12.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346062-q0trgj12.txt summary: The devastating pandemic that has stricken the worldwide population induced an unprecedented influx of patients in ICUs, raising ethical concerns not only surrounding triage and withdrawal of life support decisions, but also regarding family visits and quality of end-of-life support. As a result, four new options never applied to date were considered with the common aim of saving a maximum number of lives: to prioritize ICU beds for patients with the best prognosis; to increase at all costs the number of ICU beds, thereby creating stepdown ICUs; to organize transfer to distant ICUs with more beds available, or to accelerate withdrawal of life support in ICUs. Additionally, to protect the patients'' relatives, visits for families were prohibited or strongly limited and adequate communication between caregivers and families was disrupted, counteracting more than 20 years of research aimed at improving interaction with families and quality of care during EOL [1] . abstract: The devastating pandemic that has stricken the worldwide population induced an unprecedented influx of patients in ICUs, raising ethical concerns not only surrounding triage and withdrawal of life support decisions, but also regarding family visits and quality of end-of-life support. These ingredients are liable to shake up our ethical principles, sharpen our ethical dilemmas, and lead to situations of major caregiver sufferings. Proposals have been made to rationalize triage policies in conjunction with ethical justifications. However, whatever the angle of approach, imbalance between utilitarian and individual ethics leads to unsolvable discomforts that caregivers will need to overcome. With this in mind, we aimed to point out some critical ethical choices with which ICU caregivers have been confronted during the Covid-19 pandemic and to underline their limits. The formalized strategies integrating the relevant tools of ethical reflection were disseminated without deviating from usual practices, leaving to intensivists the ultimate choice of decision. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-020-00702-7 doi: 10.1186/s13613-020-00702-7 id: cord-305434-c1jzty0u author: Roberts, Matthew B. title: COVID‐19 in solid organ transplant recipients: Dynamics of disease progression and inflammatory markers in ICU and non‐ICU admitted patients date: 2020-07-22 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID‐19 infection varies in severity from minimal symptoms to critical illness associated with a hyperinflammatory response. Data on disease progression in immunosuppressed solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are limited. METHODS: We examined the electronic medical records of all SOT recipients with COVID‐19 from 12 Massachusetts hospitals between February 1, and May 6, 2020. We analyzed the demographics, clinical parameters, course, and outcomes of illness in these patients. RESULTS: Of 52 COVID‐19‐positive SOT patients, 77% were hospitalized and 35% required ICU admission. Sixty‐nine percent of hospitalized patients had immunosuppression reduced, 6% developed suspected rejection. Co‐infections occurred in 45% in ICU vs 5% in non‐ICU patients (P = .037). A biphasic pattern of evolution of laboratory tests was observed. In the first 5 days of illness, inflammatory markers were moderately increased. Subsequently, WBC, CRP, ferritin, and D Dimer increased with increasing stay in the ICU, and lymphocyte counts were similar. Five patients (16%) died. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that SOT is associated with high rate of hospitalization, ICU admission, and death from COVID‐19 compared to data in the general population of patients with COVID‐19. Despite reduction in immunosuppression, suspected rejection was rare. The clinical course and trend of laboratory biomarkers is biphasic with a later, pronounced peak in inflammatory markers seen in those admitted to an ICU. CRP is a useful marker to monitor disease progression in SOT. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32654303/ doi: 10.1111/tid.13407 id: cord-310457-l3d1dc93 author: Robinson, A. J. title: A modification to the Maquet Flow-i anaesthesia machinefor ICU ventilation date: 2020-04-11 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The authors present an easily manufactured modification of the Getinge Group Maquet Flow-i anaesthesia machine that gives it potential to be used long-term as an Intensive Care ventilator for emergency circumstances. There are some 7000 such machines in use worldwide, which could assist in increasing ICU ventilated bed capacity in a number of nations. The authors believe this modification has potential as a solution to increasing ventilator numbers for the COVID-19 pandemic, in hospitals where the Flow-i is underutilised for its designed purpose during this emergency. The technical drawing files are downloadable on the GrabCAD website and are Creative Commons (CC-BY 4.0) licensed to allow local manufacture of the modification. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.06.20054882 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.06.20054882 id: cord-324764-w68y4fjw author: Rodriguez-Rubio, Miguel title: The Role of the Pediatric Intensivist in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-05-20 words: 2083.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324764-w68y4fjw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324764-w68y4fjw.txt summary: With an increased ICU bed capacity and ventilator availability, the next challenge arises: critically ill adults with COVID-19 are highly complex patients who have important requirements of specialized ICU management, including nursing, respiratory support, and supportive care. In an unprecedented situation for ICUs around the world and with healthcare systems suffering severe shortages of equipment and staff, pediatric critical care physicians can be of great value in providing temporary support to adult ICUs (8). (2) highlight an important alternative role for pediatric intensivists outside the PICU in supporting adult ICUs in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatric intensivists are comprehensively trained in principles of critical care (e.g., respiratory physiology and mechanical ventilation) which can be easily transposed to adult patients making them qualified to oversee care in an adult ICU as described (2) . Caring for critically ill adults with coronavirus disease 2019 in a PICU: Recommendations by dual trained intensivists abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/pcc.0000000000002433 doi: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002433 id: cord-349263-mmfrqyrc author: Rodríguez, A. title: Severe infection due to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus: Experience of a tertiary hospital with COVID-19 patients during the 2020 pandemic date: 2020-11-09 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Objective To describe the clinical and respiratory characteristics of a cohort of 43 patients with COVID-19 after an evolutive period of 28 days. Design A prospective, single-center observational study was carried out. Setting Intensive care. Patients Patients admitted due to COVID-19 and respiratory failure. Interventions None. Variables Automatic recording was made of demographic variables, severity parameters, laboratory data, assisted ventilation (HFO: high-flow oxygen therapy and IMV: invasive mechanical ventilation), oxygenation (PaO2, PaO2/FiO2) and complications. The patients were divided into three groups: survivors (G1), deceased (G2) and patients remaining under admission (G3). The chi-squared test or Fisher exact test (categorical variables) was used, along with the Mann-Whitney U-test or Wilcoxon test for analyzing the differences between medians. Statistical significance was considered for p < 0.05. Results A total of 43 patients were included (G1 = 28 [65.1%], G2 = 10 [23.3%] and G3 = 5[11.6%]), with a mean age of 65 years (range 52-72), 62% males, APACHE II 18 (15-24), SOFA 6 (4-7). Arterial hypertension (30.2%) and obesity (25.6%) were the most frequent comorbidities. High-flow oxygen therapy was used in 62.7% of the patients, with failure in 85%. In turn, 95% of the patients required IMV and 85% received ventilation in prone decubitus. In the general population, initial PaO2/FiO2 improved after 7 days (165 [125-210] vs.194 [153-285]; p = 0.02), in the same way as in G1 (164 [125-197] vs. 207 [160-294]; p = 0.07), but not in G2 (163 [95-197] vs. 135 [85-177]). No bacterial coinfection was observed. The incidence of IMV-associated pneumonia was high (13 episodes/1000 days of IMV). Conclusions Patients with COVID-19 require early IMV, a high frequency of ventilation in prone decubitus, and have a high incidence of failed HFO. The lack of improvement of PaO2/FiO2 at 7 days could be a prognostic marker. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2173572720301739 doi: 10.1016/j.medine.2020.05.005 id: cord-318920-njurbf3d author: Romana Ponziani, Francesca title: Liver involvement is not associated with mortality: results from a large cohort of SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients date: 2020-07-06 words: 2267.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318920-njurbf3d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318920-njurbf3d.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: In SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients without pre‐existing severe chronic liver disease, baseline liver tests abnormalities are associated with the risk of ICU admission and tend to normalize over time. To investigate the prevalence of liver damage in our cohort of patients, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin and albumin were collected at baseline, then on the date closest to 15 days from the admission. This study demonstrates that in patients without severe chronic liver disease liver involvement during SARS-CoV-2 infection is usually mild, is not associated with increased risk of ICU admission or mortality, and tends to resolve over time. Baseline liver tests abnormalities can be found in more than 30% of cases, especially in patients with ARDS; these alterations are associated with the risk of ICU admission but not with mortality, and tend to normalize over time. abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection is frequently associated with liver tests abnormalities. AIMS: To describe the evolution of liver involvement during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and its effect on clinical course and mortality. METHODS: Data of 515 SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients were collected at baseline and during follow‐up, last evaluation or death. Stratification based on need for hospitalization, severe disease and admission to intensive care unit (ICU) was performed. The association between liver tests abnormalities (baseline and peak values) and ICU admission or death was also explored. RESULTS: Liver tests abnormalities were found in 161 (31.3%) patients. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) were increased in 20.4%, 19% and 13.6% of patients, respectively. Baseline liver tests abnormalities were associated with increased risk of ICU admission (OR 2.19 [95%CI 1.24‐3.89], p=0.007) but not with mortality (OR 0.84 [95%CI 0.49‐1.41], p=0.51). Conversely, ALP peak values were correlated with the risk of death (OR 1.007 [95%CI 1.002‐1.01], p=0.005) along with age, multiple comorbidities, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), ICU admission, and C‐reactive protein. Alterations of liver tests worsened within 15 days after hospitalization; however, in patients with the longest median follow‐up, the prevalence of liver tests alterations decreased over time, returning similar to that of baseline. CONCLUSIONS: In SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients without pre‐existing severe chronic liver disease, baseline liver tests abnormalities are associated with the risk of ICU admission and tend to normalize over time. ALP peak value seems to be predictive of a worse prognosis. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15996 doi: 10.1111/apt.15996 id: cord-276808-sax7qc85 author: Rosas, I. title: Tocilizumab in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-09-01 words: 4987.0 sentences: 322.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276808-sax7qc85.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276808-sax7qc85.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS In this randomized placebo-controlled trial in hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients, tocilizumab did not improve clinical status or mortality. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.27.20183442 doi: medRxiv preprint This is the first global, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate whether tocilizumab has clinical benefit in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The ratio of the odds of being in a better clinical status category for tocilizumab versus placebo was determined using a proportional odds model to give odds ratios and 95% CIs. Data from the last available postbaseline assessment on the ordinal scale were used for patients who withdrew before day 28, and all deaths and hospital discharges were carried forward. Among treatments for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 investigated in randomized controlled trials, dexamethasone reduced mortality in patients receiving is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint abstract: BACKGROUND COVID-19 is associated with immune dysregulation and hyperinflammation. Tocilizumab is an anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody. METHODS Patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 pneumonia receiving standard care were randomized (2:1) to double-blinded intravenous tocilizumab 8 mg/kg or placebo. The primary outcome measure was clinical status on a 7-category ordinal scale at day 28 (1, discharged/ready for discharge; 7, death). RESULTS Overall, 452 patients were randomized; the modified-intention-to-treat population included 294 tocilizumab-treated and 144 placebo-treated patients. Clinical status at day 28 was not statistically significantly improved for tocilizumab versus placebo (P=0.36). Median (95% CI) ordinal scale values at day 28: 1.0 (1.0 to 1.0) for tocilizumab and 2.0 (1.0 to 4.0) for placebo (odds ratio, 1.19 [0.81 to 1.76]). There was no difference in mortality at day 28 between tocilizumab (19.7%) and placebo (19.4%) (difference, 0.3% [95% CI, -7.6 to 8.2]; nominal P=0.94). Median time to hospital discharge was 8 days shorter with tocilizumab than placebo (20.0 and 28.0, respectively; nominal P=0.037; hazard ratio 1.35 [95% CI 1.02 to 1.79]). Median duration of ICU stay was 5.8 days shorter with tocilizumab than placebo (9.8 and 15.5, respectively; nominal P=0.045). In the safety population, serious adverse events occurred in 34.9% of 295 patients in the tocilizumab arm and 38.5% of 143 in the placebo arm. CONCLUSIONS In this randomized placebo-controlled trial in hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients, tocilizumab did not improve clinical status or mortality. Potential benefits in time to hospital discharge and duration of ICU stay are being investigated in ongoing clinical trials. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.27.20183442v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.27.20183442 id: cord-305363-4msd8mqo author: Roselli, Lucia Reis Peixoto title: Utility-Based Multicriteria Model for Screening Patients under the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: In this paper, a utility-based multicriteria model is proposed to support the physicians to deal with an important medical decision—the screening decision problem—given the squeeze put on resources due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the COVID-19 emerged, the number of patients with an acute respiratory failure has increased in the health units. This chaotic situation has led to a deficiency in health resources. Thus, this study, using the concepts of the multiattribute utility theory (MAUT), puts forward a mathematical model to aid physicians in the screening decision problem. The model is used to generate which of the three alternatives is the best one for where patients with suspected COVID-19 should be treated, namely, an intensive care unit (ICU), a hospital ward, or at home in isolation. Also, a decision information system, called SIDTriagem, is constructed and illustrated to operate the mathematical model proposed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32908584/ doi: 10.1155/2020/9391251 id: cord-336973-z8mwzmf6 author: Rubulotta, Francesca title: In Response date: 2020-07-14 words: 1183.0 sentences: 69.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336973-z8mwzmf6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336973-z8mwzmf6.txt summary: In Response W e thank esteemed colleagues Drs Brull and Kopman, 1 both well-known experts in the field of neuromuscular monitoring and blockade for their interest in our article and their comments. 2 The creation of dedicated anesthesia intubation teams during the COVID-19 crisis as well as the increasing engagement of anesthesiologists in the ICU setting led us to believe that presenting basic principles of neuromuscular monitoring could be of interest for all readers. NMB monitoring is not standard of care in the ICU, despite the infusion of NMBAs is common for adult with severe ARDS or during proning maneuvers. The COVID-19 pandemic peak has significantly increased the workload in most ICUs and the frequency of TOF monitoring has been compromised at times. We do not recommend the corrugator supercilii as the monitoring site of choice but wanted to point out that it best reflects NMB or neuromuscular transmission at the diaphragm or larynx, anatomic areas of particular interest for ICU physicians. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000005121 doi: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005121 id: cord-316681-b46ycocg author: Rutsaert, Lynn title: COVID-19-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis date: 2020-06-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-020-00686-4 doi: 10.1186/s13613-020-00686-4 id: cord-000705-w52dc97h author: Ríos, Fernando G title: Lung Function and Organ Dysfunctions in 178 Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation During The 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic date: 2011-08-17 words: 4859.0 sentences: 301.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-000705-w52dc97h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-000705-w52dc97h.txt summary: METHOD: This was a multicenter, prospective inception cohort study including adult patients with acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) admitted to 20 ICUs in Argentina between June and September of 2009 during the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. Although a mild form of the disease was prevalent, it soon became evident that the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus could also provoke severe, acute respiratory failure requiring admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) for mechanical ventilation [16] , which was reflected in the severe pathological injury found at autopsy [17] . This was a multicenter, inception cohort study that included patients aged > 15 years admitted to the ICU with a previous history of influenza-like illness, evolving to acute respiratory failure that required mechanical ventilation during the 2009 winter in the Southern Hemisphere. We report on a large, prospective cohort of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) patients that were mechanically ventilated for acute respiratory failure due to diffuse pneumonitis during the pandemic in Argentina. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Most cases of the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection are self-limited, but occasionally the disease evolves to a severe condition needing hospitalization. Here we describe the evolution of the respiratory compromise, ventilatory management and laboratory variables of patients with diffuse viral pneumonitis caused by pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) admitted to the ICU. METHOD: This was a multicenter, prospective inception cohort study including adult patients with acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) admitted to 20 ICUs in Argentina between June and September of 2009 during the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. In a standard case-report form, we collected epidemiological characteristics, results of real-time reverse-transcriptase--polymerase-chain-reaction viral diagnostic tests, oxygenation variables, acid-base status, respiratory mechanics, ventilation management and laboratory tests. Variables were recorded on ICU admission and at days 3, 7 and 10. RESULTS: During the study period 178 patients with diffuse viral pneumonitis requiring MV were admitted. They were 44 ± 15 years of age, with Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores of 18 ± 7, and most frequent comorbidities were obesity (26%), previous respiratory disease (24%) and immunosuppression (16%). Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) was applied in 49 (28%) patients on admission, but 94% were later intubated. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was present throughout the entire ICU stay in the whole group (mean PaO(2)/FIO(2 )170 ± 25). Tidal-volumes used were 7.8 to 8.1 ml/kg (ideal body weight), plateau pressures always remained < 30 cmH(2)O, without differences between survivors and non-survivors; and mean positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels used were between 8 to 12 cm H(2)O. Rescue therapies, like recruitment maneuvers (8 to 35%), prone positioning (12 to 24%) and tracheal gas insufflation (3%) were frequently applied. At all time points, pH, platelet count, lactate dehydrogenase assay (LDH) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) differed significantly between survivors and non-survivors. Lack of recovery of platelet count and persistence of leukocytosis were characteristic of non-survivors. Mortality was high (46%); and length of MV was 10 (6 to 17) days. CONCLUSIONS: These patients had severe, hypoxemic respiratory failure compatible with ARDS that persisted over time, frequently requiring rescue therapies to support oxygenation. NIV use is not warranted, given its high failure rate. Death and evolution to prolonged mechanical ventilation were common outcomes. Persistence of thrombocytopenia, acidosis and leukocytosis, and high LDH levels found in non-survivors during the course of the disease might be novel prognostic findings. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3387643/ doi: 10.1186/cc10369 id: cord-309378-sfr1x0ob author: Röst, Gergely title: Early Phase of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Hungary and Post-Lockdown Scenarios date: 2020-06-30 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: COVID-19 epidemic has been suppressed in Hungary due to timely non-pharmaceutical interventions, prompting a considerable reduction in the number of contacts and transmission of the virus. This strategy was effective in preventing epidemic growth and reducing the incidence of COVID-19 to low levels. In this report, we present the first epidemiological and statistical analysis of the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in Hungary. Then, we establish an age-structured compartmental model to explore alternative post-lockdown scenarios. We incorporate various factors, such as age-specific measures, seasonal effects, and spatial heterogeneity to project the possible peak size and disease burden of a COVID-19 epidemic wave after the current measures are relaxed. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070708 doi: 10.3390/v12070708 id: cord-253049-vm46wq1m author: Rößler, Steve title: Influenza-associated in-hospital mortality during the 2017/2018 influenza season: a retrospective multicentre cohort study in central Germany date: 2020-09-27 words: 1935.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253049-vm46wq1m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253049-vm46wq1m.txt summary: title: Influenza-associated in-hospital mortality during the 2017/2018 influenza season: a retrospective multicentre cohort study in central Germany The aim of this retrospective cohort study at eight hospitals in Germany was to specify influenza-associated in-hospital mortality during the 2017/2018 flu season, which was the strongest in Germany in the past 30 years. For example, according to the Robert Koch Institute (RKI), an estimated 25,100 people in Germany died due to influenza during the 2017/2018 flu season, but only 1674 influenza-associated deaths were officially reported [3] . Applying our observed in-hospital mortality of 6.7% to the 60,000 hospitalized patients with a laboratoryconfirmed influenza infection reported to the RKI would correspond to approximately 4000 deceased hospitalized patients during the 2017/2018 flu season in Germany. This proportion was lower than that in our study, in which influenza infection was considered to be the immediate cause of death in 82.8% of the deceased patients. Intrahospital mortality of influenza patients during the 2017-2018 influenza season: report from a tertiary care hospital in Austria abstract: The aim of this retrospective cohort study at eight hospitals in Germany was to specify influenza-associated in-hospital mortality during the 2017/2018 flu season, which was the strongest in Germany in the past 30 years. A total of 1560 patients were included in the study. Overall, in-hospital mortality was 6.7% (n = 103), in patients treated in the intensive care unit (n = 161) mortality was 22.4%. The proportion of deceased patients per hospital was between 0% and 7.0%. Influenza was the immediate cause of death in 82.8% (n = 82) of the decedents. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-020-01529-x doi: 10.1007/s15010-020-01529-x id: cord-261485-0ke5nqy0 author: Sabir, A. M. title: Effects of Anticoagulants and Corticosteroids therapy in patients affected by severe COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-06-29 words: 4666.0 sentences: 303.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261485-0ke5nqy0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261485-0ke5nqy0.txt summary: Severe COVID-19 pneumonia group were 63 patients who received methylprednisolone, enoxaparin, antiviral drugs, empirical antibiotics for pneumonia, and standard treatment for comorbidity. Conclusion Early use of a combined anti-inflammatory (corticosteroids and Enoxaparin) and antiviral drugs treatment in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia prevent complications of the disease and improve clinical outcomes. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a combination treatment of anti-inflammatory (corticosteroids and Enoxaparin) and antiviral drugs to treat severe COVID-19 pneumonia. There is one patient in medical ward needs low flow oxygen therapy and methylprednisolone for more than 21 days due to unknown reason or confirmed significant lung disease or infection, but Bactrim was given empirically for possible pneumocystis pneumonia, then improved and discharged home. Extra days of length of stay, and virus clearance time, higher oxygen therapy among patients with comorbidity and moderate COVID-19 pneumonia. abstract: Background In the absence of a standard of treatment for COVID-19, the combined use of anti-inflammatory (corticosteroids and Enoxaparin) and antiviral drugs may be more effective than using either modality alone in the treatment of COVID-19. Methods Patients hospitalized between April 10th, 2020, through May 10th, 2020, who had confirmed COVID-19 infection with clinical or radiographic evidence of pneumonia, in which 65 patients have moderate COVID-19 pneumonia, and 63 patients have severe COVID-19 pneumonia. All patients received early combination therapy of anti-inflammatory (corticosteroids and Enoxaparin) and antiviral drugs. They assessed for type and duration of treatment, and days need to wean from oxygen therapy, length of stay, virus clearance time, and complication or adverse events. All patients had more than 28 days follow up after discharge from the hospital. Results Moderate COVID-19 pneumonia group were 65 patients who received Enoxaparin, antiviral drugs, empirical antibiotics for pneumonia, and standard treatment for comorbidity. Male patients were 50 (76.9 %) and female patients were 15 (23.1 %). 34 (52.3 %) patients have comorbidity, 25 (38.5%) patients have Diabetes Mellitus and 2 (3.1 %) pregnant ladies. 19 (29.2 %) patients were on low flow oxygen therapy, 3L oxygen or less to maintain oxygen saturation more than 92%. All patients discharged home with no major or minor bleeding complications or significant complications. Severe COVID-19 pneumonia group were 63 patients who received methylprednisolone, enoxaparin, antiviral drugs, empirical antibiotics for pneumonia, and standard treatment for comorbidity. Male patients were 55 (87.3 %) and female patients were 8 (12.7 %). 37 (58.7 %) patients have comorbidity, and 24 (38.1%) patients have Diabetes Mellitus. 32 (50.8 %) patients were on low flow oxygen therapy, 4-9L oxygen, and 31 (49.2 %) patients were on low flow oxygen therapy, 10L oxygen or more, including 12 patients on a non-rebreathing mask. Patients received methylprednisolone were 37 (58.7 %) for 3 days, 16 (25.4 %) for 5 days and 10 (15.9 %) for more than 5 days. Sixty-two patients discharged home with one patient had a long stay, and the other two transferred to ICU. One long-stay patient transferred to ICU on low flow oxygen therapy. Conclusion Early use of a combined anti-inflammatory (corticosteroids and Enoxaparin) and antiviral drugs treatment in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia prevent complications of the disease and improve clinical outcomes. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.22.20134957v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.22.20134957 id: cord-289188-hf9sh9vs author: Salazar, M. R. title: EFFECT OF CONVALESCENT PLASMA ON MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 PNEUMONIA date: 2020-10-09 words: 3044.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289188-hf9sh9vs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289188-hf9sh9vs.txt summary: Logistic regression analysis identified age, ICU admission with and without MV requirement, diabetes and preexistent cardiovascular disease as independent predictors of 28-day mortality, whereas convalescent plasma administration acted as a protective factor. Conclusions Our study suggests that the administration of convalescent plasma in COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to the hospital might be associated with decreased mortality. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.08.20202606 doi: medRxiv preprint administered early in the course of COVID-19 [14] [15] .Convalescent plasma is currently being evaluated in 126 clinical trials [16] . Accordingly, the objective of the present study is to compare the epidemiological characteristics, outcomes and independent predictors of mortality among patients who received convalescent plasma and those who did not receive it, who were admitted to hospitals in Buenos Aires Province for COVID-19 throughout the pandemic. The main finding of our study was that the administration of convalescent plasma to patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was associated with a decrease of 24.4% in adjusted mortality. abstract: Abstract Background Convalescent plasma, widely utilized in viral infections that induce neutralizing antibodies, has been proposed for COVID-19, and preliminary evidence shows that it might have beneficial effect. Our objective was to compare epidemiological characteristics and outcomes between patients who received convalescent plasma for COVID-19 and those who did not, admitted to hospitals in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, throughout the pandemic. Methods This is a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of 2-month duration beginning on June 1, 2020, including unselected, consecutive adult patients with diagnosed COVID-19, admitted to 215 hospitals with pneumonia. Epidemiological and clinical variables were registered in the Provincial Hospital Bed Management System. Convalescent plasma was supplied as part of a centralized, expanded access program. Results We analyzed 3,529 patients with pneumonia, predominantly male, aged 62{+/-}17, with arterial hypertension and diabetes as main comorbidities; 51.4% were admitted to the ward, 27.1% to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and 21.7% to the ICU with mechanical ventilation requirement (ICU-MV). 28-day mortality was 34.9%; and was 26.3%, 30.1% and 61.4% for ward, ICU and ICU-MV patients. Convalescent plasma was administered to 868 patients (24.6%); their 28-day mortality was significantly lower (25.5% vs. 38.0%, p<0.001). No major adverse effects occurred. Logistic regression analysis identified age, ICU admission with and without MV requirement, diabetes and preexistent cardiovascular disease as independent predictors of 28-day mortality, whereas convalescent plasma administration acted as a protective factor. Conclusions Our study suggests that the administration of convalescent plasma in COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to the hospital might be associated with decreased mortality. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.08.20202606 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.08.20202606 id: cord-268662-mw8ec7u2 author: Salton, Francesco title: Prolonged low-dose methylprednisolone in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-09-12 words: 4402.0 sentences: 275.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268662-mw8ec7u2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268662-mw8ec7u2.txt summary: METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, observational study to explore the association between exposure to prolonged, low-dose, MP treatment and need for ICU referral, intubation or death within 28 days (composite primary endpoint) in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to Italian respiratory high-dependency units. [6] We hypothesized that early MP treatment in hypoxemic patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia at higher risk for ARF progression requiring invasive MV, may quicken disease resolution, reducing the need for ICU support and mortality. Multivariable Cox proportional-hazard models estimated the hazard ratio (HR) of both the primary composite endpoint and all-cause death, with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), taking into account the confounding factors (i.e., sex, age, and baseline values of SOFA score, PaO 2 :FiO 2 , CRP levels) potentially associated with the outcome. In our multicenter study, patients exposed to MP encountered the primary composite endpoint of ICU referral, need for invasive MV or in-hospital all-cause death significantly less compared to the control group (adjusted HR 0.41). abstract: BACKGROUND: In hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, progression to acute respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Severe dysregulated systemic inflammation is the putative mechanism. We hypothesize that early prolonged methylprednisolone (MP) treatment could accelerate disease resolution, decreasing the need for ICU and mortality. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, observational study to explore the association between exposure to prolonged, low-dose, MP treatment and need for ICU referral, intubation or death within 28 days (composite primary endpoint) in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to Italian respiratory high-dependency units. Secondary outcomes were invasive MV-free days and changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. RESULTS: Findings are reported as MP (n=83) vs. control (n=90). The composite primary endpoint was met by 19 vs. 40 [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.41; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.24-0.72]. Transfer to ICU and need for invasive MV was necessary in 15 vs. 27 (p=0.07) and 14 vs. 26 (p=0.10), respectively. By day 28, the MP group had fewer deaths (6 vs. 21, adjusted HR=0.29; 95% CI: 0.12-0.73) and more days off invasive MV (24.0 ± 9.0 vs. 17.5 ± 12.8; p=0.001). Study treatment was associated with rapid improvement in PaO(2):FiO(2) and CRP levels. The complication rate was similar for the two groups (p=0.84). CONCLUSION: In patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, early administration of prolonged MP treatment was associated with a significantly lower hazard of death (71%) and decreased ventilator dependence. Treatment was safe and did not impact viral clearance. A large RCT (RECOVERY trial) has been performed that validates these findings. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04323592 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33072814/ doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa421 id: cord-287333-h89tmi0w author: Sanfilippo, Filippo title: The importance of a “socially responsible” approach during COVID-19: the invisible heroes of science in Italy date: 2020-05-26 words: 570.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287333-h89tmi0w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287333-h89tmi0w.txt summary: title: The importance of a "socially responsible" approach during COVID-19: the invisible heroes of science in Italy The importance of a "socially responsible" approach during COVID-19: the invisible heroes of science in Italy Filippo Sanfilippo 1* , Elena Bignami 2 , Ferdinando Luca Lorini 3 and Marinella Astuto 1 We summarize the "socially responsible" approach of our ICU community in three key points. In summary, Italian ICU physicians avoided "compulsory public notoriety," behaving as "invisible heroes of science." Unfortunately, the same has not happened in other disciplines with compulsory appearance on TV, social media, and newspapers by physicians with low h-index, predatory publication attitude, and no experience in coronavirus delivering highly misleading and scientifically unsupported information. A "socially responsible" approach to public information should be implemented to all fields involved in COVID-19, and the one delivered by the Italian ICU "invisible heroes" should be a leading worldwide example for other disciplines and countries. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32456692/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-02998-0 id: cord-342680-1cr2ph8x author: Sarpong, Nana O. title: What’s Important: Redeployment of the Orthopaedic Surgeon During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from the Trenches date: 2020-04-14 words: 1431.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342680-1cr2ph8x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342680-1cr2ph8x.txt summary: However, our hospital''s capacity, resources, and health-care personnel are rapidly dwindling as front-line workers are falling ill to COVID-19 or have been redeployed to de novo makeshift ICUs. The initial hospital response included the reallocation of capacity and resources, with our dedicated orthopaedic surgery operating rooms and suites being converted to ICUs shortly after the New York State order to cancel all elective surgeries 4 . To that end, every available practitioner in our orthopaedic department-including attending surgeons, fellows, residents, nurse practitioners, nurses, physician assistants, medical assistants, and support staff-has been redeployed to another area of the hospital with unmet need, particularly the ER and ICU. In our first redeployment shift in the ER, we expected the majority of patients to be coughing and dyspneic, and had prepared for a virus-driven cacophony by wearing an N95 respirator covered by a surgical mask and face shield. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32287087/ doi: 10.2106/jbjs.20.00574 id: cord-316504-od7zex3f author: Savary, D. title: Reliability and limits of transport-ventilators to safely ventilate severe patients in special surge situations. date: 2020-10-09 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Background: Several Intensive Care Units (ICU) have been overwhelmed by the surge of COVID-19 patients thus necessitating to extend ventilation capacity outside the ICU where air and oxygen pressure are not always available. Transport ventilators requiring only O2 source may be used to deliver volume-controlled ventilation. Objective: To evaluate the performances of four transport ventilators compared to an ICU ventilator simulating severe respiratory conditions. Materials and methods: Two pneumatic transport ventilators, (Oxylog 3000, Draeger; Osiris 3, Air Liquide Medical Systems) and two turbine transport ventilators (Elisee 350, ResMed; Monnal T60, Air Liquide Medical Systems) were compared to an ICU ventilator (Engstrom Carestation - GE Healthcare) using a Michigan training test lung. We tested each ventilator with different set volumes Vtset (350, 450, 550 ml) and different compliances (20 or 50 ml/cmH2O) and a resistance of 15 cmH20/L/sec based on values recently described in COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Volume error was measured, as well as the trigger time delay during assist-control ventilation simulating spontaneous breathing activity with a P0.1 of 4 cmH20. Results: Grouping all conditions, the volume error was 2.9 +/- 2.2 % for Engstrom Carestation; 3.6 +/- 3.9 % for Osiris 3; 2.5 +/- 2.1 % for Oxylog 3000; 5.4 +/- 2.7 % for Monnal T60 and 8.8 +/- 4.8 % for Elisee 350. Grouping all conditions, trigger delay was 42 +/- 4 ms, 65 +/- 5 ms, 151 +/- 14 ms, 51 +/- 6 and 64 +/- 5 ms for Engstrom Carestation, Osiris 3, Oxylog 3000, Monnal T60 and Elisee 350, respectively. Conclusions: In special surge situations such as COVID-19 pandemic, most transport ventilators may be used to safely deliver volume-controlled ventilation in locations where only oxygen pressure supply is available with acceptable volume accuracy. Performances regarding triggering function are generally acceptable but vary across ventilators. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.07.20208561 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.07.20208561 id: cord-327452-fl7yrpzs author: Sayde, George title: Implementing an intensive care unit (ICU) diary program at a Large Academic Medical Center: Results from a randomized control trial evaluating psychological morbidity associated with critical illness date: 2020-07-02 words: 4734.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327452-fl7yrpzs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327452-fl7yrpzs.txt summary: title: Implementing an intensive care unit (ICU) diary program at a Large Academic Medical Center: Results from a randomized control trial evaluating psychological morbidity associated with critical illness In addition, the use of an ICU diary, where everyday events can be prospectively recorded by family members and healthcare workers, has been shown in some studies to reduce J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f new-onset PTSD, anxiety, and depressive symptoms and promote psychological wellbeing in both patients and their families [5, 11, 12] . J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f On behalf of my coauthors, I would like to thank you for the opportunity to revise and resubmit our manuscript GHP-D-20-00200, entitled -Implementing an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Diary Program at a Large Academic Medical Center: Results from a Randomized Control Trial Evaluating Psychological Morbidity Associated with Critical Illness.‖ We greatly appreciate the thoughtful feedback and suggestions for improvement. abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychological morbidity in both patients and family members related to the intensive care unit (ICU) experience is an often overlooked, and potentially persistent, healthcare problem recognized by the Society of Critical Care Medicine as Post-intensive Care Syndrome (PICS). ICU diaries are an intervention increasingly under study with potential to mitigate ICU-related psychological morbidity, including ICU-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety. As we encounter a growing number of ICU survivors, in particular in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic, clinicians must be equipped to understand the severity and prevalence of significant psychiatric complications of critical illness. METHODS: We compared the efficacy of the ICU diary, prospectively written by third parties during the patient's intensive care course, versus education alone in reducing acute PTSD symptoms after discharge. Patients with an ICU stay greater than 72 h, who were intubated and mechanically ventilated over 24 h, were recruited and randomized to either receive a diary at bedside with psychoeducation or psychoeducation alone. Intervention patients received their ICU diary within the first week of admission into the intensive care unit. Psychometric testing with IES-R, PHQ-8, HADS and GAD-7 was conducted at weeks 4, 12, and 24 after ICU discharge. Change from baseline in these scores, obtained within one week of ICU admission, was assessed using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. RESULTS: From September 26, 2017 to September 25, 2018, our team screened 265 patients from the surgical and medical ICUs at a single large academic urban hospital. 60 patients were enrolled and randomized, of which 35 patients completed post-discharge follow-up (n = 18) in the diary intervention group and (n = 17) in the education-only control group. The control group had a significantly greater decrease in PTSD, hyperarousal, and depression symptoms at week 4 compared to the intervention group. There were no significant differences in other measures, or at other follow-up intervals. Both study groups exhibited clinically significant PTSD symptoms at all timepoints after ICU discharge. Follow-up phone interviews with patients revealed that while many were interested in getting follow-up for their symptoms, there were many barriers to accessing appropriate therapy and clinical attention. CONCLUSIONS: Results from psychometric testing demonstrate no benefit of ICU diaries versus bedside education-alone in reducing PTSD symptoms related to the intensive care stay. However, our study finds an important gap in care – patients at high risk for PICS are infrequently connected to appropriate follow-up care. Perhaps ICU diaries would prove beneficial if utilized to support the work within a program providing wrap-around services and close psychiatric follow up for PICS patients. This study demonstrates the high prevalence of ICU-related PTSD in our cohort of survivors, the high barrier to accessing care for appropriate treatment of PICS, and the consequence of that barrier—prolonged psychological morbidity. Trial registration: NCT04305353 Grant identification: GH-17-022 (Arnold P. Gold Foundation) url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32763640/ doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.06.017 id: cord-221717-h1h2vd3r author: Scabini, Leonardo F. S. title: Social Interaction Layers in Complex Networks for the Dynamical Epidemic Modeling of COVID-19 in Brazil date: 2020-05-16 words: 8576.0 sentences: 410.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-221717-h1h2vd3r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-221717-h1h2vd3r.txt summary: Therefore this study presents a new approach to model the COVID-19 epidemic using a multi-layer complex network, where nodes represent people, edges are social contacts, and layers represent different social activities. The SIR model on networks works as follows: each node represents a person and, the elements are connected according to some criteria and the epidemic propagation happens through an agent-based approach. At the end of the evolution of a SIR model applied to a network, the number of nodes in each SIR category (susceptible, infected and recovered) can be calculated for each unit of time evaluated and then compare these data with real information, for example, the hospital capabilities of the health system. Unlike the traditional SIR model, which consists of a single β term to describe the probability of infection, here we propose a dynamic strategy to better represent the real world and the new COVID-19 disease. abstract: We are currently living in a state of uncertainty due to the pandemic caused by the Sars-CoV-2 virus. There are several factors involved in the epidemic spreading such as the individual characteristics of each city/country. The true shape of the epidemic dynamics is a large, complex system such as most of the social systems. In this context, Complex networks are a great candidate to analyze these systems due to their ability to tackle structural and dynamical properties. Therefore this study presents a new approach to model the COVID-19 epidemic using a multi-layer complex network, where nodes represent people, edges are social contacts, and layers represent different social activities. The model improves the traditional SIR and it is applied to study the Brazilian epidemic by analyzing possible future actions and their consequences. The network is characterized using statistics of infection, death, and hospitalization time. To simulate isolation, social distancing, or precautionary measures we remove layers and/or reduce the intensity of social contacts. Results show that even taking various optimistic assumptions, the current isolation levels in Brazil still may lead to a critical scenario for the healthcare system and a considerable death toll (average of 149,000). If all activities return to normal, the epidemic growth may suffer a steep increase, and the demand for ICU beds may surpass 3 times the country's capacity. This would surely lead to a catastrophic scenario, as our estimation reaches an average of 212,000 deaths even considering that all cases are effectively treated. The increase of isolation (up to a lockdown) shows to be the best option to keep the situation under the healthcare system capacity, aside from ensuring a faster decrease of new case occurrences (months of difference), and a significantly smaller death toll (average of 87,000). url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.08125v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-321149-hffj7s4o author: Schmidt, Matthieu title: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-08-13 words: 5362.0 sentences: 284.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321149-hffj7s4o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321149-hffj7s4o.txt summary: Methods This retrospective cohort study was done in the Paris–Sorbonne University Hospital Network, comprising five intensive care units (ICUs) and included patients who received ECMO for COVID-19 associated ARDS. This retrospective study, with 83 patients included and a complete follow-up until day 60 post-ECMO initiation is, to our knowledge, the largest to date reporting the outcomes after rescue ECMO for the most severe forms of COVID-19 ARDS, in the Paris-Sorbonne University Hospital Network (Paris, France), the principal hospital referral network for ICU care in Greater Paris, including one of the largest European ECMO centres (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital). Following early reports of severe COVID-19 associated coagulopathy [16] [17] [18] and frequent thromboembolic events on ECMO, inclu ding massive pulmonary embolism, 19, 20 we decided to increase the targeted activated partial thromboplastin time for anticoagulation of venovenous ECMO with unfractionated heparin to 60-75 s or anti-Xa activity 0·3-0·5 IU/mL (respective values were 40-55 s or 0·2-0·3 IU/mL in the EOLIA trial 3 ) before we treated our first patients with COVID-19 ARDS. abstract: Summary Background Patients with COVID-19 who develop severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can have symptoms that rapidly evolve to profound hypoxaemia and death. The efficacy of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for patients with severe ARDS in the context of COVID-19 is unclear. We aimed to establish the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with respiratory failure and COVID-19 treated with ECMO. Methods This retrospective cohort study was done in the Paris–Sorbonne University Hospital Network, comprising five intensive care units (ICUs) and included patients who received ECMO for COVID-19 associated ARDS. Patient demographics and daily pre-ECMO and on-ECMO data and outcomes were collected. Possible outcomes over time were categorised into four different states (states 1–4): on ECMO, in the ICU and weaned off ECMO, alive and out of ICU, or death. Daily probabilities of occupation in each state and of transitions between these states until day 90 post-ECMO onset were estimated with use of a multi-state Cox model stratified for each possible transition. Follow-up was right-censored on July 10, 2020. Findings From March 8 to May 2, 2020, 492 patients with COVID-19 were treated in our ICUs. Complete day-60 follow-up was available for 83 patients (median age 49 [IQR 41–56] years and 61 [73%] men) who received ECMO. Pre-ECMO, 78 (94%) patients had been prone-positioned; their median driving pressure was 18 (IQR 16–21) cm H2O and PaO2/FiO2 was 60 (54–68) mm Hg. At 60 days post-ECMO initiation, the estimated probabilities of occupation in each state were 6% (95% CI 3–14) for state 1, 18% (11–28) for state 2, 45% (35–56) for state 3, and 31% (22–42) for state 4. 35 (42%) patients had major bleeding and four (5%) had a haemorrhagic stroke. 30 patients died. Interpretation The estimated 60-day survival of ECMO-rescued patients with COVID-19 was similar to that of studies published in the past 2 years on ECMO for severe ARDS. If another COVID-19 outbreak occurs, ECMO should be considered for patients developing refractory respiratory failure despite optimised care. Funding None. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32798468/ doi: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30328-3 id: cord-319615-p2labgd8 author: Schulman, Sam title: Coronavirus Disease 2019, Prothrombotic Factors, and Venous Thromboembolism date: 2020-05-11 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1710337 doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1710337 id: cord-124012-5zxkd2jy author: Schwab, Patrick title: predCOVID-19: A Systematic Study of Clinical Predictive Models for Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-05-17 words: 5098.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-124012-5zxkd2jy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-124012-5zxkd2jy.txt summary: Here, we study clinical predictive models that estimate, using machine learning and based on routinely collected clinical data, which patients are likely to receive a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, require hospitalisation or intensive care. In addition, [48] performed a cohort study for clinical and laboratory predictors of COVID-19 related inhospital mortality that identified baseline neutrophil count, age Fig. 2 : The presented multistage machine-learning pipeline consists of preprocessing (light purple) the input data x, developing multiple candidate models using the given dataset (orange), selecting the best candidate model for evaluation (blue), and evaluating the selected best model''s outputsŷ. Owing to the recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2, there currently exists, to the best of our knowledge, no prior systematic study on clinical predictive models that predict likelihood of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, hospital and intensive care unit admission from clinical, demographic and blood analysis data that accounts for the missingness that is characteristic for the clinical setting. abstract: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly emerging respiratory disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Due to the rapid human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2, many healthcare systems are at risk of exceeding their healthcare capacities, in particular in terms of SARS-CoV-2 tests, hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) beds and mechanical ventilators. Predictive algorithms could potentially ease the strain on healthcare systems by identifying those who are most likely to receive a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, be hospitalised or admitted to the ICU. Here, we study clinical predictive models that estimate, using machine learning and based on routinely collected clinical data, which patients are likely to receive a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, require hospitalisation or intensive care. To evaluate the predictive performance of our models, we perform a retrospective evaluation on clinical and blood analysis data from a cohort of 5644 patients. Our experimental results indicate that our predictive models identify (i) patients that test positive for SARS-CoV-2 a priori at a sensitivity of 75% (95% CI: 67%, 81%) and a specificity of 49% (95% CI: 46%, 51%), (ii) SARS-CoV-2 positive patients that require hospitalisation with 0.92 AUC (95% CI: 0.81, 0.98), and (iii) SARS-CoV-2 positive patients that require critical care with 0.98 AUC (95% CI: 0.95, 1.00). In addition, we determine which clinical features are predictive to what degree for each of the aforementioned clinical tasks. Our results indicate that predictive models trained on routinely collected clinical data could be used to predict clinical pathways for COVID-19, and therefore help inform care and prioritise resources. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.08302v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-333146-d55kybmz author: Sedes, P. Rascado title: Contingency Plan for the Intensive Care Services for the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-14 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Abstract In January 2020, the Chinese authorities identified a new virus of the Coronaviridae family as the cause of several cases of pneumonia of unknown aetiology. The outbreak was initially confined to Wuhan City, but then spread outside Chinese borders. On 31 January 2020, the first case was declared in Spain. On 11 March 2020, The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic. On 16 March 2020, there were 139 countries affected. In this situation, the Scientific Societies SEMICYUC and SEEIUC, have decided to draw up this Contingency Plan to guide the response of the Intensive Care Services. The objectives of this plan are to estimate the magnitude of the problem and identify the necessary human and material resources. This is to provide the Spanish Intensive Medicine Services with a tool to programme optimal response strategies. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2529984020300264 doi: 10.1016/j.enfie.2020.03.002 id: cord-032335-6c9gt7t9 author: Segrelles-Calvo, Gonzalo title: Therapeutic limitation in elderly patients: Reflections regarding COVID19() date: 2020-09-19 words: 1309.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032335-6c9gt7t9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032335-6c9gt7t9.txt summary: In a recent editorial, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, the authors address the problem of having to choose between 2 or more patients for the assignment of resources, such as ICU admission. This real situation that arose during the Covid-19 pandemic underlines the need to develop fair resource allocation procedures that include all the stakeholders involved in patient care, and the patient and family themselves, in order to develop prioritization criteria for decisionmaking in times of adversity, without transferring this burden to a single healthcare professional in a specific situation. Among the many changes that will emerge after the Covid-19 pandemic, we believe that one of the most relevant will surely be the expansion of RICUs and the leadership of respiratory medicine in decision-making on borderline patients, such as the elderly, unifying selection criteria, clarifying the concept of frailty, and integrating its use into our clinical practice. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7501532/ doi: 10.1016/j.arbr.2020.05.008 id: cord-004404-s6udpwxq author: Seifi, Najmeh title: Effects of synbiotic supplementation on energy and macronutrients homeostasis and muscle wasting of critical care patients: study protocol and a review of previous studies date: 2020-02-24 words: 4629.0 sentences: 281.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004404-s6udpwxq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004404-s6udpwxq.txt summary: METHODS: This is a prospective, single-center, double-blind, parallel randomized controlled trial with the aim to evaluate the effects of synbiotic supplementation on energy and macronutrient homeostasis and muscle wasting in critically ill patients. DISCUSSION: Gut microbiota modulation through synbiotics is proposed to improve clinical prognosis and reduce infectious complications, ventilator dependency, and length of ICU stay by improving energy and macronutrient homeostasis and reducing muscle protein catabolism. Previous studies suggest that modulating gut microbiota by novel therapeutics, such as prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics, can have an effect on gastrointestinal tolerance and complications of enteral nutrition, which eventually lead to the regulation of energy intake. Considering the extreme dysbiosis in critically ill patients and related energy and macronutrients homeostasis disturbance and muscle wasting, prompted us to evaluate the effect of synbiotic supplementation on the elimination of this condition. The primary objective is to evaluate the effects of synbiotic supplementation on energy and macronutrient homeostasis and muscle wasting in patients under critical care. abstract: BACKGROUND: An extreme and persistent dysbiosis occurs among critically ill patients, regardless of the heterogeneity of disease. Dysbiosis in critically ill patients may make them prone to hospital-acquired infections, sepsis, multi-organ failure (MOF), energy homeostasis disturbance, muscle wasting, and cachexia. Modulation of gut microbiota through synbiotics can be considered as a potential treatment for muscle wasting and macronutrient homeostasis disturbances. METHODS: This is a prospective, single-center, double-blind, parallel randomized controlled trial with the aim to evaluate the effects of synbiotic supplementation on energy and macronutrient homeostasis and muscle wasting in critically ill patients. A total of 40 hemodynamically stable, adult, critically ill patients who receive enteral nutrition via a nasogasteric tube (NGT) in the 24–48 h after admission to critical care will be included in this study. Eligible patients will be randomly assigned to receive Lactocare (ZistTakhmir) capsules 500 mg every 12 h or a placebo capsule, which contains only the sterile maize starch and is similar to synbiotic capsules for 14 days. The synbiotic and placebo capsules will be given through the nasogastric tube, separately from gavage, after feeding. DISCUSSION: Gut microbiota modulation through synbiotics is proposed to improve clinical prognosis and reduce infectious complications, ventilator dependency, and length of ICU stay by improving energy and macronutrient homeostasis and reducing muscle protein catabolism. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT20190227042857N1. Registered on 17 March 2019. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7041281/ doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-4136-3 id: cord-261354-8uwtwsug author: Settembre, Nicla title: The use of exoskeletons to help with prone positioning in the intensive care unit during COVID-19 date: 2020-06-10 words: 1221.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261354-8uwtwsug.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261354-8uwtwsug.txt summary: Postural analysis of the PP maneuver without After testing each exoskeleton, these 2 participants completed a technology acceptance questionnaire adapted from (4) to evaluate the perceived effort, safety, comfort, efficacy, installation, and intention to use. The use of exoskeletons to cope with an exhausting task such as prone positioning in the ICU to safely maintain a large number of patients on mechanical ventilation during the surge of the COVID-19 outbreak is a consistent topic of research. However, although occupational exoskeletons are deployed in the industrial sector (11) , their use in the healthcare system is rarely reported, with no reported use in ICUs. The medical staff using the passive exoskeleton Laevo during the PP maneuvers in the ICU perceived physical relief in the low back during bent postures, particularly when working at the patient''s head. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1877065720301111 doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2020.05.004 id: cord-344824-myaiilra author: Sha, D. title: Spatiotemporal Analysis of Medical Resource Deficiencies in the U.S. under COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-25 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: A data-driven approach is developed to estimate medical resource deficiencies or medical burden at county level during the COVID-19 pandemic from February 15, 2020 to May 1, 2020 in the U.S. Multiple data sources were used to extract local population, hospital beds, critical care staff, COVID-19 confirmed case numbers, and hospitalization data at county level. We estimate the average length of stay from hospitalization data at state level, and calculate the hospitalized rate at both state and county level. Then we develop two medical resource deficiency indices that measure the local medical burden based on the number of accumulated active confirmed cases normalized by local maximum potential medical resources, and the number of hospitalized patients that can be supported per ICU beds per critical care staff, respectively. The medical resources data, and the two medical resource deficiency indices are illustrated in a dynamic spatiotemporal visualization platform based on ArcGIS Pro Dashboards. Our results provide new insights into the U.S. pandemic preparedness and local dynamics relating to medical burdens in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.24.20112136 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.24.20112136 id: cord-322533-adqqm0n9 author: Sha, Dexuan title: Spatiotemporal analysis of medical resource deficiencies in the U.S. under COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-14 words: 5189.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322533-adqqm0n9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322533-adqqm0n9.txt summary: The study duration was mainly from February 15, 2020 to May 1, 2020 in the U.S. Multiple data sources were used to extract local population, hospital beds, critical care staff, COVID-19 confirmed case numbers, and hospitalization data at county level. Then, we developed two medical resource deficiency indices that measured the local medical burden based on the number of accumulated active confirmed cases normalized by local maximum potential medical resources, and the number of hospitalized patients that can be supported per ICU bed per critical care staff, respectively. In this report, three fundamental elements or features, i.e. ventilators, ICU beds, and critical care staff (CCS) were identified as medical resources to plan for or manage a COVID-19 pandemic, and it would be wise to consider the interconnections among these factors in a spatiotemporal data analysis framework. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China as an infectious disease, and has quickly resulted in an ongoing pandemic. A data-driven approach was developed to estimate medical resource deficiencies due to medical burdens at county level during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study duration was mainly from February 15, 2020 to May 1, 2020 in the U.S. Multiple data sources were used to extract local population, hospital beds, critical care staff, COVID-19 confirmed case numbers, and hospitalization data at county level. We estimated the average length of stay from hospitalization data at state level, and calculated the hospitalized rate at both state and county level. Then, we developed two medical resource deficiency indices that measured the local medical burden based on the number of accumulated active confirmed cases normalized by local maximum potential medical resources, and the number of hospitalized patients that can be supported per ICU bed per critical care staff, respectively. Data on medical resources, and the two medical resource deficiency indices are illustrated in a dynamic spatiotemporal visualization platform based on ArcGIS Pro Dashboards. Our results provided new insights into the U.S. pandemic preparedness and local dynamics relating to medical burdens in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33052956/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240348 id: cord-316647-jj8anf5g author: Shang, You title: Management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in ICU: statement from front-line intensive care experts in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-06 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) pandemic has swept all over the world, posing a great pressure on critical care resources due to large number of patients needing critical care. Statements from front-line experts in the field of intensive care are urgently needed. METHODS: Sixteen front-line experts in China fighting against the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan were organized to develop an expert statement after 5 rounds of expert seminars and discussions to provide trustworthy recommendation on the management of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Each expert was assigned tasks within their field of expertise to provide draft statements and rationale. Parts of the expert statement are based on epidemiological and clinical evidence, without available scientific evidences. RESULTS: A comprehensive document with 46 statements are presented, including protection of medical personnel, etiological treatment, diagnosis and treatment of tissue and organ functional impairment, psychological interventions, immunity therapy, nutritional support, and transportation of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Among them, 5 recommendations were strong (Grade 1), 21 were weak (Grade 2), and 20 were experts’ opinions. A strong agreement from voting participants was obtained for all recommendations. CONCLUSION: There are still no targeted therapies for COVID-19 patients. Dynamic monitoring and supportive treatment for the restoration of tissue vascularization and organ function are particularly important. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-020-00689-1 doi: 10.1186/s13613-020-00689-1 id: cord-314826-usfvulc2 author: Sharifipour, Ehsan title: Evaluation of bacterial co-infections of the respiratory tract in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU date: 2020-09-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is known as a new viral infection. Viral-bacterial co-infections are one of the biggest medical concerns, resulting in increased mortality rates. To date, few studies have investigated bacterial superinfections in COVID-19 patients. Hence, we designed the current study on COVID-19 patients admitted to ICUs. METHODS: Nineteen patients admitted to our ICUs were enrolled in this study. To detect COVID-19, reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed. Endotracheal aspirate samples were also collected and cultured on different media to support the growth of the bacteria. After incubation, formed colonies on the media were identified using Gram staining and other biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out based on the CLSI recommendations. RESULTS: Of nineteen COVID-19 patients, 11 (58%) patients were male and 8 (42%) were female, with a mean age of ~ 67 years old. The average ICU length of stay was ~ 15 days and at the end of the study, 18 cases (95%) expired and only was 1 case (5%) discharged. In total, all patients were found positive for bacterial infections, including seventeen Acinetobacter baumannii (90%) and two Staphylococcus aureus (10%) strains. There was no difference in the bacteria species detected in any of the sampling points. Seventeen of 17 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were resistant to the evaluated antibiotics. No metallo-beta-lactamases -producing Acinetobacter baumannii strain was found. One of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates was detected as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and isolated from the patient who died, while another Staphylococcus aureus strain was susceptible to tested drugs and identified as methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings emphasize the concern of superinfection in COVID-19 patients due to Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus. Consequently, it is important to pay attention to bacterial co-infections in critical patients positive for COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32873235/ doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05374-z id: cord-255435-mr239gai author: Sher, Yelizaveta title: A CASE REPORT OF COVID-19 ASSOCIATED HYPERACTIVE ICU DELIRIUM WITH PROPOSED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND TREATMENT date: 2020-05-19 words: 3528.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255435-mr239gai.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255435-mr239gai.txt summary: Delirium, which is highly prevalent in general intensive care unit (ICU) populations, is expected to be frequent and prominent in COVID-19 patients hospitalized with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in ICU. Delirium, which is highly prevalent in general intensive care unit (ICU) populations, is expected to be frequent and prominent in COVID-19 patients hospitalized with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in ICU. In addition to case presentation, we discuss a proposed delirium pathophysiology in COVID-19 associated delirium and a systematized approach to evaluation and management of such patients. Intravenous valproic acid (VPA; titrated to 1250 mg per day) was also started for management of agitation and symptoms of hyperactive delirium and to facilitate tapering of multiple other sedative deliriogenic medications. At our center, the following medications have been used in management of agitation in patients with COVID-19 ICU-associated hyperactive delirium, including the described patient, with following considerations. abstract: There have been increasing reports of neuropsychiatric presentations and symptoms of COVID-19, more commonly seen in severely ill patients. Delirium, which is highly prevalent in general intensive care unit (ICU) populations, is expected to be frequent and prominent in COVID-19 patients hospitalized with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in ICU. In this case report with associated review, we present a case of a critically ill patient with COVID-19 managed in ICU for ARDS. Psychiatry was consulted for management of her hyperactive delirium, likely complicated by environmental factors inherent in management of COVID-19 patients as well as the use of multiple sedatives. Patient was successfully managed by psychiatry with a combination of high-dose melatonin, suvorexant, guanfacine, intravenous haloperidol, and intravenous valproic acid. In addition to case presentation, we discuss a proposed delirium pathophysiology in COVID-19 associated delirium and a systematized approach to evaluation and management of such patients. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0033318220301456 doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2020.05.007 id: cord-255827-xz87wg74 author: Sills, Marion R. title: Inpatient Capacity at Children’s Hospitals during Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Outbreak, United States date: 2011-09-17 words: 3663.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255827-xz87wg74.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255827-xz87wg74.txt summary: Assessing use of capacity in the context of a lowvirulence infl uenza pandemic can provide insight into how a more virulent virus might directly affect children''s hospitals and indirectly affect all health care systems throughout their catchment areas. The objectives of this study were to 1) compare occupancy at US tertiary care children''s hospitals during the pandemic period with occupancy during the 2008-09 seasonal infl uenza outbreak, 2) measure how close each hospital came to exhausting capacity for inpatient beds, and 3) measure the effect on capacity if pandemic (H1N1) 2009 during fall 2009 had been more severe. To measure the effect on capacity of a more severe outbreak of pandemic (H1N1) 2009, we calculated the number of ED IRI visits and the ED-to-inpatient admission rate for ED IRI visits for the 26 PHIS hospitals for which ED data were available. abstract: Quantifying how close hospitals came to exhausting capacity during the outbreak of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 can help the health care system plan for more virulent pandemics. This ecologic analysis used emergency department (ED) and inpatient data from 34 US children's hospitals. For the 11-week pandemic (H1N1) 2009 period during fall 2009, inpatient occupancy reached 95%, which was lower than the 101% occupancy during the 2008-09 seasonal influenza period. Fewer than 1 additional admission per 10 inpatient beds would have caused hospitals to reach 100% occupancy. Using parameters based on historical precedent, we built 5 models projecting inpatient occupancy, varying the ED visit numbers and admission rate for influenza-related ED visits. The 5 scenarios projected median occupancy as high as 132% of capacity. The pandemic did not exhaust inpatient bed capacity, but a more virulent pandemic has the potential to push children's hospitals past their maximum inpatient capacity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21888795/ doi: 10.3201/eid1709.101950 id: cord-276952-nkaow79h author: Sim, Starling A. title: Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients in the Era of Molecular Testing date: 2018-03-09 words: 3687.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276952-nkaow79h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276952-nkaow79h.txt summary: Viral respiratory tract infection (vRTI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). This study aimed to assess the epidemiologic characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of vRTI occurring in the period from conditioning to 100 days after allo-HSCT in the era of molecular testing. Demographic and clinical data were collected from hospital clinical records using a case report form and included age, sex, underlying disease, previous therapy, stem cell source, conditioning therapy, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and outcomes (ie intensive care unit [ICU] admission and death). For patients with RV infection, the number of vRTIs, type of RVs, clinical presentation, antiviral therapy, and outcomes (ie, ICU admission, death, use of mechanical ventilation, and progression to lower respiratory tract infection [LRTI]) were also obtained during the 100-day period. abstract: Viral respiratory tract infection (vRTI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). This study aimed to assess the epidemiologic characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of vRTI occurring in the period from conditioning to 100 days after allo-HSCT in the era of molecular testing. This study was a retrospective record review of patients who underwent allo-HSCT at Royal Melbourne Hospital between January 2010 and December 2015. Symptomatic patients were tested using respiratory multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to identify risk factors for vRTI and the risk of death or intensive care unit (ICU) admission, respectively. A total of 382 patients were reviewed, and 65 episodes of vRTI were identified in 56 patients (14.7%). Rhinovirus accounted for the majority of infections (69.2%). The majority of episodes presented initially with upper respiratory tract infection (58.5%), with 28.9% of them progressing to lower respiratory tract infection. Eleven episodes (16.9%) were associated with ICU admission. There were no deaths directly due to vRTI. Previous autologous HSCT was associated with an increased risk of vRTI (odds ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 4.1). The risks of death (P = .47) or ICU admission (P = .65) were not significantly different by vRTI status. vRTI is common in the first 100 days after allo-HSCT and is associated with ICU admission. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29530766/ doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.004 id: cord-305498-8tmtvw1r author: Singh Saraj, K. title: Modification of Neurosurgical Practice during Corona Pandemic: Our Experience at AIIMS Patna And Long Term Guidelines date: 2020-09-10 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: First case of covid-19 was confirmed on 30(th) January, 2020 in India. Our state, Bihar reported its first confirmed case of covid on 22(nd) march 2020 at AIIMS Patna. For safety, Electives surgeries and outpatient department was suspended temporary since 25(th) March. Standard operating procedure (SOP) was framed for covid suspected, covid positive and negative patients. Neurosurgery department formulated their own strategy for successful and covid free management of neurosurgical patients along with zero transmission rate among doctors and staff. METHODS: All Neurosurgical patients who got attended, admitted and operated from 25(th) March to 30(th) June 2020 (Period of lockdown) were taken in this study. Categorizations of the patients were done according to the urgency and elective nature of pathology after corona screening and RT-PCR testing of covid-19. A proper training to all neurosurgical staff and residents were given for management of patients (admission to operation to discharge). RESULTS: Total 133 patients were attended and 90 were admitted. We operated 76 cases (major -52, minor – 24) during the lockdown period. Out of this 2 were corona positive (both eventually succumbed) and rest 74 was corona negative. One patient who was operated with corona negative report became positive after 10 days of surgery inward. All the residents, faculty and nursing staff remain asymptomatic throughout the lockdown period with zero infection rate and zero transmission rate. CONCLUSION: Following a properly made standard operating procedure and strictly implementing it can avoid any type of misadventure in neurosurgery during corona pandemic. KEY MESSAGE: Adequate planning and sufficient training is necessary to avoid any untoward incident of infection. Proper utilization of limited human resources and infectious kit is needed at this time. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214751920304564?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100895 id: cord-010566-tciwtxud author: Singh, Nina title: Outcome of patients with cirrhosis requiring intensive care unit support: Prospective assessment of predictors of mortality date: 1998 words: 3672.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-010566-tciwtxud.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010566-tciwtxud.txt summary: Determinants of outcome and the utility of the Child-Pugh score and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score as predictors of outcome were prospectively assessed in 54 consecutive patients with cirrhosis requiring intensive care unit (ICU) management. 9,10 Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) scores were determined to be of prognostic significance in a study in ICU patients with cirrhosis; however, neither Child-Pugh scores nor etiology of liver disease were assessed in that study. 35 Mental status has been shown to be a significant predictor of outcome in ICU patients in a number of clinical settings, e.g., patients with acute renal failure requiring dialysis and transplant recipients. Although Child-Pugh scores, serum bilirubin, creatinine, or the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding was not different, the patients with liver disease not caused by alcohol may have been more debilitated, as indicated by a significantly greater requirement for mechanical ventilation and a higher incidence of pulmonary infiltrates. abstract: Determinants of outcome and the utility of the Child-Pugh score and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score as predictors of outcome were prospectively assessed in 54 consecutive patients with cirrhosis requiring intensive care unit (ICU) management. Overall mortality in the ICU was 43% (23/54). Child-Pugh scores did not differ between survivors or nonsurvivors (12.8 versus 12.3, P = 0.26), however APACHE II scores (P = 0.007), acute physiology scores (P = 0.006), and Karnofsky scores (P = 0.001) were significant predictors of outcome. By univariate analysis, requirement of mechanical ventilation analysis (P = 0.001), duration of mechanical ventilation (P = 0.001), pulmonary infiltrates (P = 0.0001), infections (P = 0.047), gastrointestinal bleeding (P = 0.005), and serum creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dl (P = 0.0005) were significantly associated with mortality. By logistic regression analysis only pulmonary infiltrates (P = 0.0001) and renal dysfunction (P = 0.041) were independent predictors of mortality. When controlled for the severity of illness (APACHE II scores), the mortality in patients with cirrhosis caused by alcohol was significantly lower than that in patients with liver disease not caused by alcohol (P = 0.01). Our study not only identified predictors of poor outcome in patients with cirrhosis requiring ICU care but also provided data that may have implications for optimal timing for transplantation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7197333/ doi: 10.1007/s005350050047 id: cord-310621-wnd47uss author: Singh, Shalendra title: Challenges faced in establishing a dedicated 250 bed COVID-19 intensive care unit in a temporary structure date: 2020-11-06 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: An Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is an organized system for the provision of care to critically ill patients that provides intensive and specialized medical and nursing care, an enhanced capacity for monitoring, and multiple modalities of physiologic organ support to sustain life during a period of life-threatening organ system insufficiency. While this availability of trained manpower and specialized equipment makes it possible to care for critically ill patients, it also presents singular challenges in the form of man and material management, design concerns, budgetary concerns, and protocolization of treatment. Consequently, the establishment of an ICU requires rigorous design and planning, a process that can take months to years. However, the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) Epidemic has required the significant capacity building to accommodate the increased number of critically ill patients. At the peak of the pandemic, many countries were forced to resort to the building of temporary structures to house critically ill patients, to help tide over the crisis. This narrative review describes the challenges and lessons learned while establishing a 250 bedded ICU in a temporary structure and achieving functionality within a period of a fortnight. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2210844020302471 doi: 10.1016/j.tacc.2020.10.006 id: cord-029429-egoso04w author: Sinha, Vikas title: Bedside Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital date: 2020-07-20 words: 2080.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029429-egoso04w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029429-egoso04w.txt summary: In the critically ill patients, it is one of the most frequently done procedure especially in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for those requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. In the critically ill patients, it is one of the most frequently done procedure especially in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for those requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. Study consists of 200 patients who underwent bedside tracheostomies in a tertiary care center from 2014 to 2017 in Medical/Surgical/Paediatric ICU''s. Study consists of 200 patients who underwent bedside tracheostomies in a tertiary care center from 2014 to 2017 in Medical/Surgical/Paediatric ICU''s. It is better than tracheostomy in operating room for patients who need prolonged mechanical ventilation in ICU as it eliminates the need of patient transport to OR and its associated complications and also minimizing cost. It is better than tracheostomy in operating room for patients who need prolonged mechanical ventilation in ICU as it eliminates the need of patient transport to OR and its associated complications and also minimizing cost. abstract: Tracheostomy is the creation of a stoma at the surface of skin, which leads into trachea. In the critically ill patients, it is one of the most frequently done procedure especially in intensive care unit (ICU) for those requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. About 24% of all patients in ICU need tracheostomy (Esteban et al. in Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161:1450–1458, 2000). Historically it had a high complication rate and so many authors suggested that it should be done only in operating room (Dayal and Masri in Laryngoscope 96:5862, 1986). A standardized procedure to reduce complications was described by Jackson (Laryngoscope 19:285–290, 1909). The aim of the study is to observe and analyze the outcome of bedside open tracheostomy, in relation to its safety, complications and simplicity. Study consists of 200 patients who underwent bedside tracheostomies in a tertiary care center from 2014 to 2017 in medical/surgical/paediatric ICU’s. All the procedures followed a standard protocol. In all the surgeries, two E.N.T. surgeons were scrubbed and did the procedure, assisted by two ICU nurses. One anesthetist who administered sedation and monitored the patient. If coagulation disturbances were present in elective case then they were corrected prior to the procedure. We all want the latest, safest, simplest and cheapest available technique in medical practice. Bedside tracheostomy is one such procedure. It is better than tracheostomy in operating room for patients who need prolonged mechanical ventilation in ICU as it eliminates the need of patient transport to OR and its associated complications and also minimizing cost. Training programs need to be provided to the assisting staff for better procedural outcome. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7370634/ doi: 10.1007/s12070-020-01976-w id: cord-329727-h47q76y8 author: Sisó-Almirall, Antoni title: Prognostic factors in Spanish COVID-19 patients: A case series from Barcelona date: 2020-08-21 words: 3441.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329727-h47q76y8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329727-h47q76y8.txt summary: CONCLUSION: Determining the clinical, biological and radiological characteristics of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection will be key to early treatment and isolation and the tracing of contacts. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the clinical, biological and radiological manifestations, the evolution, treatments and mortality rate of patients with COVID-19 infection in the population of Barcelona city and determine the most important predictors of a poor prognosis. Signs and symptoms, the main available haematological and biochemical data and the results of imaging tests were recorded, as were comorbidities, the evolution, the hospitalization rate, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and the treatments received. This study summarizes the clinical, biological and radiological characteristics, evolution and prognostic factors of patients with COVID-19 disease in primary and community healthcare. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237960.t002 In bold, statistically significant independent predictive factors associated with hospitalization, death or ICU admission (logistic multivariate regression adjusted for age and sex). abstract: BACKGROUND: In addition to the lack of COVID-19 diagnostic tests for the whole Spanish population, the current strategy is to identify the disease early to limit contagion in the community. AIM: To determine clinical factors of a poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19 infection. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive, observational, retrospective study in three primary healthcare centres with an assigned population of 100,000. METHOD: Examination of the medical records of patients with COVID-19 infections confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Logistic multivariate regression models adjusted for age and sex were constructed to analyse independent predictive factors associated with death, ICU admission and hospitalization. RESULTS: We included 322 patients (mean age 56.7 years, 50% female, 115 (35.7%) aged ≥ 65 years): 123 (38.2) were health workers (doctors, nurses, auxiliaries). Predictors of ICU admission or death were greater age (OR = 1.05; 95%CI = 1.03 to 1.07), male sex (OR = 2.94; 95%CI = 1.55 to 5.82), autoimmune disease (OR = 2.82; 95%CI = 1.00 to 7.84), bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (OR = 2.86; 95%CI = 1.41 to 6.13), elevated lactate-dehydrogenase (OR = 2.85; 95%CI = 1.28 to 6.90), elevated D-dimer (OR = 2.85; 95%CI = 1.22 to 6.98) and elevated C-reactive protein (OR = 2.38; 95%CI = 1.22 to 4.68). Myalgia or arthralgia (OR = 0.31; 95%CI = 0.12 to 0.70) was protective factor against ICU admission and death. Predictors of hospitalization were chills (OR = 5.66; 95%CI = 1.68 to 23.49), fever (OR = 3.33; 95%CI = 1.89 to 5.96), dyspnoea (OR = 2.92; 95%CI = 1.62 to 5.42), depression (OR = 6.06; 95%CI = 1.54 to 40.42), lymphopenia (OR = 3.48; 95%CI = 1.67 to 7.40) and elevated C-reactive protein (OR = 3.27; 95%CI = 1.59 to 7.18). Anosmia (OR = 0.42; 95%CI = 0.19 to 0.90) was the only significant protective factor for hospitalization after adjusting for age and sex. CONCLUSION: Determining the clinical, biological and radiological characteristics of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection will be key to early treatment and isolation and the tracing of contacts. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32822413/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237960 id: cord-273350-b2exkw6x author: Soh, Mitsuhito title: Impaired mental health status following ICU care in a patient with COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-11 words: 1326.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273350-b2exkw6x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273350-b2exkw6x.txt summary: Thus, severe respiratory failure patients with COVID-19 sometimes generally do not receive the PICS prevention bundle, which is commonly applied in standard intensive care unit (ICU) practice 4 . Here, we report a COVID-19 case that developed an impaired mental health status following intensive care unit ICU care. All rights reserved nurse examined his medical condition, the patient said, "When I try to sleep, I can''t sleep because I remember ICU stay," "The news that popular comedian died from a coronavirus made me feel anxious and scared," and "It''s hard to see people die while playing games." Therefore, in his outpatient visit 28 days after discharge, we assessed his mental status. Further actual condition evaluation, prevention, treatment, and follow-up activities for mental disorder PICS should be systematically developed in actual clinical practice to improve the long-term prognosis of patients with COVID-19 who underwent ICU treatment. abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe respiratory failure patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) sometimes do not receive post intensive care syndrome prevention bundles. No detailed report has been published on the practical observations of mental impairments in these patients. CASE PRESENTATION: A 33‐year‐old man was admitted with COVID‐19 pneumonia. On day 6, he was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Considering the risk of nosocomial infection, as per the hospital policy, early rehabilitation could not be initiated for COVID‐19 patients at that the time and family visits were not allowed. Thereafter, his respiratory condition gradually improved; he was discharged on day 19. Then, when the ICU nurse called to assess his medical condition, the patient complained insomnia after ICU discharge. Therefore, we called him for an outpatient visit 28 days after discharge and scored his mental health status. CONCLUSION: Careful follow‐up is required to treat mental impairment in patients with COVID‐19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837734/ doi: 10.1002/ams2.562 id: cord-014464-m5n250r2 author: Sole-Violan, J title: Lethal influenza virus A H1N1 infection in two relatives with autosomal dominant GATA-2 deficiency date: 2013-03-19 words: 98961.0 sentences: 5553.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-014464-m5n250r2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-014464-m5n250r2.txt summary: Results In preliminary analysis of categorical data, a signifi cantly (Fisher exact test) greater proportion of patients with compared with without the following fi ndings did not survive; history of alcohol use (P = 0.05); the presence of lethargy (P = 0.01), confusion (P = 0.03), nausea (P = 0.04), abdominal pain (P = 0.02), or the need for vasopressors (P = 0.002), oxygen, mechanical ventilation, or steroids (all P = 0.004) at presentation; and excessive bleeding at surgery (P = 0.01). Methods To prospectively re-evaluate the normal range and to analyze the potential impact of biometric data on ICG-PDR, we measured ICG-PDR (i.v. injection of 0.25 mg/kg ICG; LiMON, Pulsion, Munich, Introduction Mixed venous oxygen saturation (SVO 2 ) represents a well-recognized parameter of oxygen delivery (DO 2 )-consumption (VO 2 ) mismatch and its use has been advocated in critically ill patients in order to guide hemodynamic resuscitation [1] and oxygen delivery optimization. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3642469/ doi: 10.1186/cc11953 id: cord-029537-hzy13fuw author: Soltani, Farhad title: The effect of melatonin on reduction in the need for sedative agents and duration of mechanical ventilation in traumatic intracranial hemorrhage patients: a randomized controlled trial date: 2020-07-22 words: 2999.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029537-hzy13fuw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029537-hzy13fuw.txt summary: title: The effect of melatonin on reduction in the need for sedative agents and duration of mechanical ventilation in traumatic intracranial hemorrhage patients: a randomized controlled trial PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the effect of exogenous melatonin on the number of sedative drugs and the duration of mechanical ventilation in traumatic intracranial hemorrhage patients in ICU. CONCLUSION: This study presented that morphine consumption and mechanical ventilation time were significantly lower in the melatonin group than in the control. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of exogenous melatonin on the reduction in the need for sedative agents and the duration of mechanical ventilation in TICH patients in ICU. This study was a double-blind randomized controlled trial that was considered to evaluate the effect of melatonin on the need for sedative agents and duration of mechanical ventilation after TICH. abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the effect of exogenous melatonin on the number of sedative drugs and the duration of mechanical ventilation in traumatic intracranial hemorrhage patients in ICU. METHODS: This double-blind randomized clinical trial study was conducted in the ICU wards of Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran, from September 2017 to March 2018. In this study, 52 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage were selected by convenient sampling (26 patients in each group) and were randomly assigned to two groups of melatonin and control. Sedation and pain management package was applied to both groups. Outcomes: Amount of the sedative and opioid drug; mechanical ventilation time; ICU staying time; Glasgow Coma Score; hemodynamic parameters. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between them in terms of demographic characteristics. Cumulative doses of morphine and mechanical ventilation time were significant in two groups. (P < 0.05) The mean length of ICU staying was not significant. Glasgow Coma Score on the 6th day was significant in two groups (P < 0.05). Diastolic blood pressure was significant between groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study presented that morphine consumption and mechanical ventilation time were significantly lower in the melatonin group than in the control. Also, rise in GCS in the melatonin group was faster in the melatonin group than in the control. The use of melatonin can be recommended for patients with ICH in the ICU for better outcomes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7375205/ doi: 10.1007/s00068-020-01449-3 id: cord-263671-2b54qfo7 author: Soriano, María Cruz title: Low incidence of co-infection, but high incidence of ICU-acquired infections in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-19 words: 984.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263671-2b54qfo7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263671-2b54qfo7.txt summary: title: Low incidence of co-infection, but high incidence of ICU-acquired infections in critically ill patients with COVID-19 ICU admission is a risk factor for hospital-acquired infections and nosocomial infections by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria 2, 3 . Here, we report our findings of a retrospective cohort study to asses the incidence of co-infections, ICU-acquired infections and their relation to mortality in patients with COVID-19. Frequency measurements have been calculated using the incidence rates of each ICU-acquired infections expressed in relation to the number of patients at risk or the number of days at risk. A study conducted in Wuhan, China shows a series of 150 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in whom the presence of secondary infection during hospital admission was one of the risk factors for increased mortality 5 . A recent study found that frequency of hospital-acquired superinfections remained low and this finding was mainly related with ICU admission 6 . abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320305946 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.010 id: cord-290326-umv0q4d7 author: Stachowska, Ewa title: Nutritional Support in Coronavirus 2019 Disease date: 2020-06-12 words: 5115.0 sentences: 241.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290326-umv0q4d7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290326-umv0q4d7.txt summary: Consequently, due to lack of specific COVID-19 data, the recommendations in our review are based on viral and bacterial pneumonia studies, as well as recommendations made for critically ill patients. Nutritional treatment for critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (especially in case of respiratory and multiorgan failure) [22] is a key element of comprehensive treatment aimed to reduce the mortality. American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) criteria for increased risk for aspiration are: inability to protect the airway, mechanical ventilation, age > 70 years, reduced level of consciousness, poor oral care, inadequate nurse: patient ratio, supine positioning, neurologic deficits, gastroesophageal reflux, transport out of the ICU, and use of bolus intermittent EN. Poor nutritional status is a prognostic factor for mortality in severe pneumonia and critical illness, especially for elderly patients. ESPEN and ASPEN guidelines for nutritional support in critical illness are applicable for COVID-19 patients requiring ICU support. abstract: The epidemic that broke out in Chinese Wuhan at the beginning of 2020 presented how important the rapid diagnosis of malnutrition (elevating during intensive care unit stay) and the immediate implementation of caloric and protein-balanced nutrition care are. According to specialists from the Chinese Medical Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (CSPEN), these activities are crucial for both the therapy success and reduction of mortality rates. The Chinese have published their recommendations including principles for the diagnosis of nutritional status along with the optimal method for nutrition supply including guidelines when to introduce education approach, oral nutritional supplement, tube feeding, and parenteral nutrition. They also calculated energy demand and gave their opinion on proper monitoring and supplementation of immuno-nutrients, fluids and macronutrients intake. The present review summarizes Chinese observations and compares these with the latest European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism guidelines. Nutritional approach should be an inseparable element of therapy in patients with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56060289 doi: 10.3390/medicina56060289 id: cord-017302-xez0zso3 author: Stephens, R. Scott title: ICU Complications of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant, Including Graft vs Host Disease date: 2019-07-24 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is an essential treatment modality for many malignant and non-malignant hematologic diseases. Advances in HSCT techniques have dramatically decreased peri-transplant morbidity and mortality, but it remains a high-risk procedure, and a significant number of patients will require critical care during the transplant process. Complications of HSCT are both infectious and non-infectious, and the intensivist must be familiar with common infections, the management of neutropenic sepsis and septic shock, the management of respiratory failure in the immunocompromised host, and a plethora of HSCT-specific complications. Survival from critical illness after HSCT is improving, but the mortality rate remains unacceptably high. Continued research and optimization of critical care provision in this population should continue to improve outcomes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121823/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-26710-0_80 id: cord-021917-z9wpjr0d author: Stephens, R. Scott title: Bioterrorism and the Intensive Care Unit date: 2009-05-15 words: 8255.0 sentences: 444.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-021917-z9wpjr0d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-021917-z9wpjr0d.txt summary: • Health care workers, accustomed to putting the welfare of patients ahead of their own in emergency situations, must be prepared for the proper use of personal protective equipment and trained in specific plans for the response to an infective or bioterrorism event. Although intensivists working in developed countries generally have little experience treating specific illnesses caused by serious bioweapon pathogens, these diseases result in clinical conditions that commonly require treatment in intensive care units (ICUs) (e.g., severe sepsis and septic shock, hypoxemic respiratory failure, and ventilatory failure). An optimal medical response to a bioweapon attack will require all or most of the following: early diagnosis, rapid case finding, large-scale distribution of countermeasures for postexposure prophylaxis or early treatment, immediate isolation of contagious victims, and enhanced capacity for providing medical care to seriously and critically ill victims. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7152203/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-02844-8.50069-x id: cord-011332-dzl09afq author: Stoclin, A. title: Ventilator-associated pneumonia and bloodstream infections in intensive care unit cancer patients: a retrospective 12-year study on 3388 prospectively monitored patients date: 2019-04-17 words: 3234.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011332-dzl09afq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011332-dzl09afq.txt summary: PURPOSE: Some publications suggest high rates of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and of nosocomial pneumonia portending a poor prognosis in ICU cancer patients. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all the patients hospitalized for ≥ 48 h during a 12-year period in the 12-bed ICU of the Gustave Roussy hospital, monitored prospectively for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and bloodstream infection (BSI) and for use of medical devices. The cumulative incidence during the first 25 days of exposure was 58.8% (95% CI 49.1–66.6%) for VAP, 8.9% (95% CI, 6.2–11.5%) for primary, 15.1% (95% CI 11.6–18.5%) for secondary and 5.0% (95% CI 3.2–6.8%) for catheter-related BSIs. VAP or BSIs were not associated with a higher risk of ICU mortality. The case report forms include information on the following: invasive devices (mechanical ventilation [MV] and central venous catheters [CVCs]), HAIs (VAP, primary BSIs, catheter-related BSIs, and secondary BSIs), neutropenia (white blood cell [WBC] count < 1000/mm 3 or acute leukemia) before admission (duration and nadir), and outcomes at discharge from ICU (infections [date of diagnosis, pathogen] and death. abstract: PURPOSE: Some publications suggest high rates of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and of nosocomial pneumonia portending a poor prognosis in ICU cancer patients. A better understanding of the epidemiology of HAIs in these patients is needed. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all the patients hospitalized for ≥ 48 h during a 12-year period in the 12-bed ICU of the Gustave Roussy hospital, monitored prospectively for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and bloodstream infection (BSI) and for use of medical devices. RESULTS: During 3388 first stays in the ICU, 198 cases of VAP and 103 primary, 213 secondary, and 77 catheter-related BSIs were recorded. The VAP rate was 24.5/1000 ventilator days (95% confidence interval [CI] 21.2–28.0); the catheter-related BSI rate was 2.3/1000 catheter days (95% CI 1.8–2.8). The cumulative incidence during the first 25 days of exposure was 58.8% (95% CI 49.1–66.6%) for VAP, 8.9% (95% CI, 6.2–11.5%) for primary, 15.1% (95% CI 11.6–18.5%) for secondary and 5.0% (95% CI 3.2–6.8%) for catheter-related BSIs. VAP or BSIs were not associated with a higher risk of ICU mortality. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to report HAI rates in a large cohort of critically ill cancer patients. Although both the incidence of VAP and the rate of BSI are higher than in general ICU populations, this does not impact patient outcomes. The occurrence of device-associated infections is essentially due to severe medical conditions in patients and to the characteristics of malignancy. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00520-019-04800-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7224052/ doi: 10.1007/s00520-019-04800-6 id: cord-322167-cpjkltsu author: Stubington, Thomas J. title: Tracheotomy in COVID‐19 patients: Optimizing patient selection and identifying prognostic indicators date: 2020-05-22 words: 2679.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322167-cpjkltsu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322167-cpjkltsu.txt summary: • Patients should ideally be at least 14 days post-positive swab result • Low oxygen requirements (FiO 2 ≤ 40%), sustained for at least 24 hours • Patient able to tolerate clamped tube for 1 minute in ICU ("clamp test") • Two failed trials of sedation withholding prior to considering tracheotomy • Patients that will not require prone ventilation Correlation between data sets was determined using the "R" statistical software (v3.6.1, © The R Foundation, Vienna, Austria). The selection criteria proposed in this study (FiO 2 ≤ 50% and PEEP ≤ 8 cm of H 2 O in the 24 hours prior to the tracheotomy) were derived on the basis of our early experience with the first five COVID-19 tracheotomies; of which, one survived (patient A), two died (patients B and C) and the remaining two had a prolonged wean off the ventilator (patient D, who was taken off ventilation at day 17 post-procedure, and patient E, who continues to be on ventilation at the time of writing). abstract: BACKGROUND: Tracheotomy, through its ability to wean patients off ventilation, can shorten ICU length of stay and in doing so increase ICU bed capacity, crucial for saving lives during the COVID‐19 pandemic. To date, there is a paucity of patient selection criteria and prognosticators to facilitate decision making and enhance precious ICU capacity. METHODS: Prospective study of COVID‐19 patients undergoing tracheotomy (n = 12) over a 4‐week period (March‐April 2020). Association between preoperative and postoperative ventilation requirements and outcomes (ICU stay, time to decannulation, and death) were examined. RESULTS: Patients who sustained FiO(2) ≤ 50% and PEEP ≤ 8 cm H(2)O in the 24 hours pretracheotomy exhibited a favorable outcome. Those whose requirements remained below these thresholds post‐tracheotomy could be safely stepped down after 48 hours. CONCLUSION: Sustained FiO(2) ≤ 50% and PEEP ≤ 8 cm H(2)O in the 48 hours post‐tracheotomy are strong predictive factors for a good outcome, raising the potential for these patients to be stepped down early, thus increasing ICU capacity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32441351/ doi: 10.1002/hed.26280 id: cord-300892-zzl0c9nj author: Sukhonthamarn, Kamolsak title: Response to Letter to the Editor titled ‘Risk Modeling for Unplanned Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Admission’ date: 2020-05-08 words: 437.0 sentences: 31.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300892-zzl0c9nj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300892-zzl0c9nj.txt summary: title: Response to Letter to the Editor titled ''Risk Modeling for Unplanned Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Admission'' We are grateful to the letter authors for their interest in our study regarding risk factors for unplanned intensive care unit (ICU) admission after elective total joint arthroplasty, which was recently published in the Journal of Arthroplasty [1] . Therefore, the American College of Surgeons (ACS) and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) have recommended postponing or canceling elective procedures, including total joint arthroplasty (TJA) [2, 3] . We report significantly increased risks with bilateral versus unilateral hip There is previously published work on predictors and risk-stratified model development, which was created from stratified preoperative and intraoperative factors to predict unplanned ICU admission after total hip arthroplasty (THA) [5] [6] [7] . Risk Factors for Unplanned Admission to the Intensive Care Unit After Elective Total Joint Arthroplasty Unplanned Admission to the Intensive Care Unit After Total Hip Arthroplasty Prospective Study of Unplanned Admission to the Intensive Care Unit after Total Hip Arthroplasty abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0883540320304927 doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2020.05.005 id: cord-299254-kqpnwkg5 author: Sun, Yingcheng title: INSMA: An integrated system for multimodal data acquisition and analysis in the intensive care unit date: 2020-04-28 words: 4608.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299254-kqpnwkg5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299254-kqpnwkg5.txt summary: In this paper, we proposed a multimodal data acquisition and analysis system called INSMA, with the ability to acquire, store, process, and visualize multiple types of data from the Philips IntelliVue patient monitor. Enormous volumes of multimodal physiological data are generated including physiological waveform signals, patient monitoring alarm messages, and numerics and if acquired, synchronized and analyzed, this data can been effectively used to support clinical decision-making at the bedside [10, 18] . We have been working on building the Integrated Medical Environment (tIME) [10] to address this critical opportunity and in this paper, we discuss an integrated system (INSMA) that supports multimodal data acquisition, parsing, real-time data analysis and visualization in the ICU. Advances in informatics, whether through data acquisition, physiologic alarm detection, or signal analysis and visualization for decision support have the potential to markedly improve patient treatment in ICUs. Clinical monitors have the ability to collect and visualize important numerics or waveforms, but more work is needed to interface to the monitors and acquire and synchronize multimodal physiological data across a diverse set of clinical devices. abstract: Modern intensive care units (ICU) are equipped with a variety of different medical devices to monitor the physiological status of patients. These devices can generate large amounts of multimodal data daily that include physiological waveform signals (arterial blood pressure, electrocardiogram, respiration), patient alarm messages, numeric vitals data, etc. In order to provide opportunities for increasingly improved patient care, it is necessary to develop an effective data acquisition and analysis system that can assist clinicians and provide decision support at the patient bedside. Previous research has discussed various data collection methods, but a comprehensive solution for bedside data acquisition to analysis has not been achieved. In this paper, we proposed a multimodal data acquisition and analysis system called INSMA, with the ability to acquire, store, process, and visualize multiple types of data from the Philips IntelliVue patient monitor. We also discuss how the acquired data can be used for patient state tracking. INSMA is being tested in the ICU at University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1532046420300629?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103434 id: cord-326644-5war06j2 author: Supino, M. title: World governments should protect their population from COVID-19 pandemic using Italy and Lombardy as precursor date: 2020-03-27 words: 2801.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326644-5war06j2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326644-5war06j2.txt summary: preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in temporally to superpose one on another, so that for all countries day zero represents the onset of COVID-19 outbreak. preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in While NHS are prepared to receive a certain number of ICU patients distributed during the influenza season, which lasts several months, no NHS can manage an exponentially growing number of COVID-19 patients. preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in Here we show that it is possible to predict the date of saturation of the ICUs in a region early on, by using the temporal information about the number of available ICU beds. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is spreading worldwide. Italy emerged early on as the country with the largest outbreak outside Asia. The outbreak in Northern Italy demonstrates that it is fundamental to contain the virus' spread at a very early stage of diffusion. At later stages, no containment measure, even if strict, can prevent the saturation of the hospitals and of the intensive care units in any country. Here we show that it is possible to predict when the intensive care units will saturate, within a few days from the first cases of COVID-19 intensive care patients. Using early counts of intensive care patients, we predict the saturation for Lombardy, Italy. Governments should use the Italian precursor to control the outbreak of COVID-19 and prevent the saturation of their intensive care units to protect their population. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.25.20042713v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.25.20042713 id: cord-304736-lkjsh3fu author: Taccone, Fabio Silvio title: Higher Intensity Thromboprophylaxis Regimens and Pulmonary Embolism in Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients date: 2020-08-18 words: 2608.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304736-lkjsh3fu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304736-lkjsh3fu.txt summary: The use of high-regimen thromboprophylaxis was associated with a lower occurrence of pulmonary embolism (2/18; 11%) than standard regimen (11/22, 50%—odds ratio 0.13 [0.02–0.69]; p = 0.02); this difference remained significant even after adjustment for confounders. The primary endpoint of this study was the occurrence of pulmonary embolism according to the use of standard thromboprophylaxis (i.e. subcutaneous enoxaparin 4,000 international units once daily) or high regimen thromboprophylaxis (i.e. subcutaneous enoxaparin 4,000 international units bid or therapeutic unfractioned heparin). The primary endpoint of this study was the occurrence of pulmonary embolism according to the use of standard thromboprophylaxis (i.e. subcutaneous enoxaparin 4,000 international units once daily) or high regimen thromboprophylaxis (i.e. subcutaneous enoxaparin 4,000 international units bid or therapeutic unfractioned heparin). Nevertheless, CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) was not routinely performed in all patients, and no data on the role of different thromboprophylaxis regimens on the occurrence of PE were reported. abstract: To assess the role of thromboprophylaxis regimens on the occurrence of pulmonary embolism in coronavirus disease 2019 patients. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on coronavirus disease 2019 patients, included between March 10, and April 30, 2020. SETTING: ICU of an University Hospital in Belgium. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS: Critically ill adult mechanically ventilated coronavirus disease 2019 patients were eligible if they underwent a CT pulmonary angiography, as part of the routine management in case of persistent hypoxemia or respiratory deterioration. The primary endpoint of this study was the occurrence of pulmonary embolism according to the use of standard thromboprophylaxis (i.e. subcutaneous enoxaparin 4,000 international units once daily) or high regimen thromboprophylaxis (i.e. subcutaneous enoxaparin 4,000 international units bid or therapeutic unfractioned heparin). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of 49 mechanically ventilated coronavirus disease 2019, 40 underwent CT pulmonary angiography after a median of 7 days (4–8 d) since ICU admission and 12 days (9–16 d) days since the onset of symptoms. Thirteen patients (33%) were diagnosed of pulmonary embolism, which was bilateral in six patients and localized in the right lung in seven patients. D-dimers on the day of CT pulmonary angiography had a predictive accuracy of 0.90 (95% CIs: 0.78–1.00) for pulmonary embolism. The use of high-regimen thromboprophylaxis was associated with a lower occurrence of pulmonary embolism (2/18; 11%) than standard regimen (11/22, 50%—odds ratio 0.13 [0.02–0.69]; p = 0.02); this difference remained significant even after adjustment for confounders. Six patients with pulmonary embolism (46%) and 14 patients without pulmonary embolism (52%) died at ICU discharge (odds ratio 0.79 [0.24–3.26]; p = 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, one third of coronavirus disease 2019 mechanically ventilated patients have a pulmonary embolism visible on CT pulmonary angiography. High regimen thromboprophylaxis may decrease the occurrence of such complication. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000004548 doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004548 id: cord-339670-lq46nj8j author: Takahashi, Nozomi title: Clinical course of a critically ill patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) date: 2020-06-16 words: 1746.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339670-lq46nj8j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339670-lq46nj8j.txt summary: Although several studies have reported on the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), clinical course of the most severe cases requiring treatment in ICU have been insufficiently reported. A 73-year-old man traveling on a cruise ship with history of hypertension and dyslipidemia developed high fever, dyspnea and cough after 7 days of steroid treatment for sudden sensorineural hearing loss, and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in sputa polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examination. The sustained excessive inflammatory cytokines in the present case might have led to the exacerbation of the disease, requiring vigorous organ support therapies to allow for survival and recovery from the rapid progression of multiple organ dysfunctions and severe respiratory failure. (SARS-CoV-2), who developed multiple organ dysfunctions, treated with artificial organ supports including mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). abstract: Although several studies have reported on the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), clinical course of the most severe cases requiring treatment in ICU have been insufficiently reported. A 73-year-old man traveling on a cruise ship with history of hypertension and dyslipidemia developed high fever, dyspnea and cough after 7 days of steroid treatment for sudden sensorineural hearing loss, and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in sputa polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examination. His respiratory function deteriorated despite treatments with lopinavir/ritonavir, oseltamivir, azithromycin and meropenem at a regional hospital. He was intubated and transferred to the ICU in the tertiary university hospital on day 10 (ICU day 1). Interferon beta-1b subcutaneous injection was initiated immediately to enhance anti-viral therapy, and favipiravir on ICU day 10 upon availability. Progression of organ dysfunctions necessitated inhalation of nitrogen oxide for respiratory dysfunction, noradrenaline for cardiovascular dysfunction and continuous renal replacement therapy for renal dysfunction. His blood samples PCR also tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, indicating viremia, concomitantly with elevated IL-6 levels. VV-ECMO was initiated after sudden exacerbation of respiratory dysfunction on ICU day 7 to maintain oxygenation. The sustained excessive inflammatory cytokines in the present case might have led to the exacerbation of the disease, requiring vigorous organ support therapies to allow for survival and recovery from the rapid progression of multiple organ dysfunctions and severe respiratory failure. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10047-020-01183-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32556649/ doi: 10.1007/s10047-020-01183-y id: cord-337917-vvvo5t4h author: Tempe, Dr. Deepak K. title: Challenges in Preparing and managing the critical care services for a large urban area during COVID-19 outbreak: Perspective from Delhi date: 2020-05-26 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Abstract The Coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has put the healthcare services all over the world into a challenging situation. The contagious nature of the disease and the respiratory failure necessitating ventilatory care of these patients has put extra burden on the intensive care unit (ICU) services. India has been no exception and by March 2020, the number of covid-19 patients started increasing in India. This article describes the measures taken and challenges faced in creating the ICU beds to cater to the anticipated load of patients in the state of Delhi, India. The main challenges faced among others were, estimating the number of ICU beds to be created; deciding the dedicated Covid hospitals; procurement of ventilators, personal protection equipment and other related material; mobilizing the human resource and their training; and providing isolated in-house accommodation to the staff on duty. The authors acknowledge and agree that the methodology proposed in this article is, but one way of dealing with this difficulty scenario, and that there could be other, perhaps better methods of dealing with such a problem. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1053077020304894 doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.05.028 id: cord-251977-rgae9jy9 author: Terrasi, Benjamin title: French ICUs fight back: an example of regional ICU organisation to tackle the SARS Cov-2 outbreak date: 2020-04-30 words: 1044.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-251977-rgae9jy9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-251977-rgae9jy9.txt summary: To tackle this surge, an organisation was set in order to coordinate and facilitate the admission of critically ill Covid-19 infected patients, and to avoid or at least delay the overrun of ICU capacities in the region. To tackle the outbreak, the number of ICU beds doubled in less than 2 weeks in these public and private hospitals. This on-call intensivist dispatcher answers to phone calls, gives advices for patient management and finds an available ICU bed if required. Hence, the on-call regional intensivist dispatcher can access in real time to a synthesis of beds availability (Fig.1 ) using a web browser or a smart phone. Hence, the on-call regional intensivist dispatcher was immediately able to find an available ICU bed for every patient in the region. The cardiac thoracic and respiratory ICU of Amiens University hospital, a 30-bed facility, is the only ICU in Picardy with the ability to initiate ECMO therapy. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32360980/ doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.03.018 id: cord-345973-fb3gkc0f author: Thibault, Ronan title: Nutrition of the COVID-19 patient in the intensive care unit (ICU): a practical guidance date: 2020-07-19 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Five to 10% of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, i.e., with new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), are presenting with an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring urgent respiratory and hemodynamic support in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, nutrition is an important element of care. The nutritional assessment and the early nutritional care management of COVID-19 patients must be integrated into the overall therapeutic strategy. The international recommendations on nutrition in the ICU should be followed. Some specific issues about the nutrition of the COVID-19 patients in the ICU should be emphasized. We propose a flow chart and ten key issues for optimizing the nutrition management of COVID-19 patients in the ICU. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03159-z doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03159-z id: cord-325201-yoy7kdli author: Timsit, Jean-François title: Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine 2014: III. Severe infections, septic shock, healthcare-associated infections, highly resistant bacteria, invasive fungal infections, severe viral infections, Ebola virus disease and paediatrics date: 2015-03-26 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-015-3755-8 doi: 10.1007/s00134-015-3755-8 id: cord-278993-w5aa0elj author: Tonetti, Tommaso title: Use of critical care resources during the first 2 weeks (February 24–March 8, 2020) of the Covid-19 outbreak in Italy date: 2020-10-12 words: 3922.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278993-w5aa0elj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278993-w5aa0elj.txt summary: We retrospectively studied consecutive critically ill patients with confirmed Covid-19 who were referred to the hospitals of the Lombardy, Veneto and Emilia-Romagna regions during the first 2 weeks of the Italian outbreak (February 24March 8, 2020) . The present study describes how the Italian health-care system of three northern Italian regions responded to the increasing need for clinical resources for critically ill patients during the first 14 days of the Covid-19 outbreak through the 28.7% increase in ICU beds and the increasing use of non-invasive respiratory support outside the ICU. Our data show that, compared to patients admitted to the ICU, patients receiving respiratory support outside the ICU were significantly older, had more comorbidities and had a higher PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio and a lower PaCO 2 . abstract: BACKGROUND: A Covid-19 outbreak developed in Lombardy, Veneto and Emilia-Romagna (Italy) at the end of February 2020. Fear of an imminent saturation of available ICU beds generated the notion that rationing of intensive care resources could have been necessary. RESULTS: In order to evaluate the impact of Covid-19 on the ICU capacity to manage critically ill patients, we performed a retrospective analysis of the first 2 weeks of the outbreak (February 24–March 8). Data were collected from regional registries and from a case report form sent to participating sites. ICU beds increased from 1545 to 1989 (28.7%), and patients receiving respiratory support outside the ICU increased from 4 (0.6%) to 260 (37.0%). Patients receiving respiratory support outside the ICU were significantly older [65 vs. 77 years], had more cerebrovascular (5.8 vs. 13.1%) and renal (5.3 vs. 10.0%) comorbidities and less obesity (31.4 vs. 15.5%) than patients admitted to the ICU. PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio, respiratory rate and arterial pH were higher [165 vs. 244; 20 vs. 24 breath/min; 7.40 vs. 7.46] and PaCO(2) and base excess were lower [34 vs. 42 mmHg; 0.60 vs. 1.30] in patients receiving respiratory support outside the ICU than in patients admitted to the ICU, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Increase in ICU beds and use of out-of-ICU respiratory support allowed effective management of the first 14 days of the Covid-19 outbreak, avoiding resource rationing. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33044646/ doi: 10.1186/s13613-020-00750-z id: cord-015640-zdwmxaz3 author: Tong, C. Y. W. title: Clinical Virology in NICU, PICU and AICU date: 2011-08-10 words: 6051.0 sentences: 356.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-015640-zdwmxaz3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-015640-zdwmxaz3.txt summary: Viruses are significant causes of nosocomial infections, particularly in intensive care unit (ICU) where seriously ill and vulnerable patients are being cared for. Adherence to effective infection control measures (hand hygiene, enteric precautions; Table 20 .3), as well as adequate staffing and patient cohorting/ isolation can therefore help prevent or manage an outbreak [41] . Neonates and immunocompromised patients can shed the virus for a prolonged time over months, which emphasises the need for rigorous adherence to effective infection control measures (Table 20. Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) should therefore be offered to all health care workers who have significant exposure to blood or body fluid from a patient known to be at high risk of or to have HIV infection. Preliminary estimation of risk factors for admission to intensive care units and for death in patients infected with A(H1N1)2009 influenza virus abstract: Viruses are significant causes of nosocomial infections, particularly in intensive care unit (ICU) where seriously ill and vulnerable patients are being cared for. Four major routes of nosocomial virus transmission in the ICU are identified, viz. respiratory, faecal–oral, exposure to blood and body fluid and direct contact with infected patients or through fomites. Different infection control measures are available according to the natural history, biology, pathogenesis, epidemiology and mode of transmission of each virus. In this chapter, we discuss some of the important viruses that could be associated with nosocomial infections in the ICU. Intensivists should work closely with microbiologists, virologists and the laboratory to diagnose such infection early, work proactively to prevent outbreaks and manage viral infections using appropriate strategies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7114968/ doi: 10.1007/978-88-470-1601-9_20 id: cord-005589-ocnce92z author: Torres, Antoni title: Challenges in severe community-acquired pneumonia: a point-of-view review date: 2019-01-31 words: 6052.0 sentences: 313.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005589-ocnce92z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005589-ocnce92z.txt summary: In this point-of-view review paper, a group of experts discuss the main controversies in SCAP: the role of severity scores to guide patient settings of care and empiric antibiotic therapy; the emergence of pathogens outside the core microorganisms of CAP; viral SCAP; the best empirical treatment; septic shock as the most lethal complication; and the need for new antibiotics. The IDSA/ATS criteria remain the most pragmatic and robust tools to predict patients requiring ICU admission We recommend empirically covering PES pathogens in SCAP when at least two specific risk factors are present Corticosteroids can be used in cases of refractory shock and high systemic inflammatory response Based on available data, new antibiotics providing existing limitations in empiric therapy (including macrolide resistant species and MRSA) are needed 38.6% previously) and reduced delayed ICU admissions. A recent observational study found that corticosteroid administration as adjuvant therapy to standard antiviral treatment in critically ill patients with severe influenza pneumonia was associated with increased ICU mortality [46] . abstract: PURPOSE: Severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) is still associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. In this point-of-view review paper, a group of experts discuss the main controversies in SCAP: the role of severity scores to guide patient settings of care and empiric antibiotic therapy; the emergence of pathogens outside the core microorganisms of CAP; viral SCAP; the best empirical treatment; septic shock as the most lethal complication; and the need for new antibiotics. METHODS: For all topics, the authors describe current controversies and evidence and provide recommendations and suggestions for future research. Evidence was based on meta-analyses, most recent RCTs and recent interventional or observational studies. Recommendations were reached by consensus of all the authors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The IDSA/ATS criteria remain the most pragmatic tool to predict ICU admission. The authors recommend a combination of a beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor or a third G cephalosporin plus a macrolide in most SCAP patients, and to empirically cover PES (P. aeruginosa, extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae, methicillin-resistant S. aureus) pathogens when at least two specific risk factors are present. In patients with influenza CAP, the authors recommend the use of oseltamivir and avoidance of the use of steroids. Corticosteroids can be used in case of refractory shock and high systemic inflammatory response. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7094947/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-019-05519-y id: cord-356371-w9ejgzvu author: Torres-González, JI title: What has happened to care during the COVID-19 pandemic? date: 2020-07-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2529984020300409?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.enfie.2020.07.001 id: cord-002011-u6dfp6gf author: Toubiana, Julie title: Association of REL polymorphisms and outcome of patients with septic shock date: 2016-04-08 words: 3956.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-002011-u6dfp6gf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-002011-u6dfp6gf.txt summary: CONCLUSION: In a large ICU population, we report a significant clinical association between a variation in the human REL gene and severity and mortality of septic shock, suggesting for the first time a new insight into the role of cRel in response to infection in humans. Hence, the present study aims to test the hypothesis of an association between clinically significant REL genetic variants and severity of septic shock in a large cohort of well-defined intensive care unit (ICU) patients. In order to study the link between REL SNPs and septic shock severity, we compared acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and MODS frequencies, and VFD value between patients carrying REL rs842647*G and rs13031237*T minor alleles and in those homozygous for the major alleles. This study was the first to investigate the importance of two polymorphisms within REL gene in a large European population of septic shock patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: cRel, a subunit of NF-κB, is implicated in the inflammatory response observed in autoimmune disease. Hence, knocked-out mice for cRel had a significantly higher mortality, providing new and important functions of cRel in the physiopathology of septic shock. Whether genetic variants in the human REL gene are associated with severity of septic shock is unknown. METHODS: We genotyped a population of 1040 ICU patients with septic shock and 855 ICU controls for two known polymorphisms of REL; REL rs842647 and REL rs13031237. Outcome of patients according to the presence of REL variant alleles was compared. RESULTS: The distribution of REL variant alleles was not significantly different between patients and controls. Among the septic shock group, REL rs13031237*T minor allele was not associated with worse outcome. In contrast, REL rs842647*G minor allele was significantly associated with more multi-organ failure and early death [OR 1.4; 95 % CI (1.02–1.8)]. CONCLUSION: In a large ICU population, we report a significant clinical association between a variation in the human REL gene and severity and mortality of septic shock, suggesting for the first time a new insight into the role of cRel in response to infection in humans. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4826362/ doi: 10.1186/s13613-016-0130-z id: cord-347512-veavzt6d author: Ueland, Thor title: Elevated plasma sTIM-3 levels in severe Covid-19 patients date: 2020-09-21 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Background The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is still incompletely understood, but seems to involve immune activation and immune dysregulation. Objective We examined parameters of activation of different leukocyte subsets in COVID-19 infected patients in relation to disease severity. Methods We analyzed plasma levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO, neutrophil activation), soluble (s) CD25 and soluble T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain-3 (sTIM-3) (markers of T cell activation and exhaustion) and sCD14 and sCD163 (markers of monocyte/macrophage activation) in 39 COVID-19 infected patients at hospital admission and two additional times during the first 10 days in relation to the need for ICU treatment. Results Our major findings were: (i) Severe clinical outcome (ICU) was associated with high plasma levels sTIM-3 and MPO suggesting activated and potentially exhausted T cells and activated neutrophils, respectively. (ii) In contrast, sCD14 and sCD163 showed no association with need for ICU treatment. (iii) sCD25, sTIM-3 and MPO were inversely correlated with the degree of respiratory failure as assessed by P/F ratio and positively correlated with the cardiac marker N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. Conclusion Our findings suggest that neutrophil activation and in particular activated T cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection, suggesting that T cell targeted treatment options and downregulation of neutrophil activation could be of importance in this disorder. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0091674920313142 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.007 id: cord-004284-2prli5s1 author: Vahedian-Azimi, Amir title: Natural versus artificial light exposure on delirium incidence in ARDS patients date: 2020-02-05 words: 775.0 sentences: 51.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004284-2prli5s1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004284-2prli5s1.txt summary: title: Natural versus artificial light exposure on delirium incidence in ARDS patients on the impact of natural light (NL) exposure on delirium-associated outcomes in mechanically ventilated (MV) intensive care unit (ICU) patients [1] . In this single-center, prospective, observational study, the authors report an improvement in the secondary outcomes of hallucination incidence and haloperidol administration for agitation. Here, we report the results of a retrospective secondary analysis of 4200 patients from the mixed medical-surgical ICUs of two academic hospitals to assess the impact of NL exposure on delirium incidence. Impact of natural light exposure on delirium burden in adult patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU: a prospective study Evaluation of delirium in critically ill patients: validation of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU) Delirium and effect of circadian light in the intensive care unit: a retrospective cohort study abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7002756/ doi: 10.1186/s13613-020-0630-8 id: cord-347935-jfx9037u author: Valdivia, Andrés Reyes title: Adapting vascular surgery practice to the current COVID-19 era at a tertiary academic center in Madrid. date: 2020-06-04 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: INTRODUCTION: The epidemic potential of Coronavirus infection is now a reality. Since the first case detected in late 2019 in China a fast-world-wide expansion confirms it. The vascular patient is at a higher risk of developing a severe form of the disease due to its nature associating several comorbid states and thus, some Vascular Surgery communities from many countries have tried to stratify patients into those requiring care during these uncertain times. METHODS: Observational study describing the current daily vascular surgery practice at one tertiary academic hospital in Madrid region, Spain; one of the most affected regions worldwide due to the COVID-19 outbreak. We analyzed our surgical practice since March 14(th) when the lockdown was declared up to date, May 14(th) (2 months). Procedural surgical practice, organizational issues, early outcomes and all the troubles encountered during this new situation are described. RESULTS: Our department is composed of 10 vascular surgeons and 4 trainees. Surgical practice has been reduced to only urgent care, totaling 50 repairs on 45 patients during the time period. Five surgeries were performed on 3 COVID-19 positive patients. Sixty percent were due to CLI, 45% of them performed by complete endovascular approach; whereas less than 10% of repairs were aorta related. We were allocated to use a total of 5 surgical rooms in different locations, none our usual, as it was converted into an ICU room while performing 50% of those repairs with unusual nursery staff. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 outbreak has dramatically changed our organization and practice in favor of urgent or semi-urgent surgical care alone. The lack for in-hospital/ICU beds and changing nursery staff changed the whole availability organization at our hospital and was a key factor in surgical decision making in some cases. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2020.06.001 doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.06.001 id: cord-316829-wm6y6uwm author: Vargas, Maria title: Logistic and organizational aspects of a dedicated intensive care unit for COVID-19 patients date: 2020-05-18 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32423452/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-02955-x id: cord-034578-i9rdubix author: Vaschetto, Rosanna title: Outcomes of COVID-19 patients treated with continuous positive airway pressure outside ICU date: 2020-10-30 words: 3678.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034578-i9rdubix.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034578-i9rdubix.txt summary: AIM: We aim at characterising a large population of Coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) patients with moderate-to-severe hypoxemic acute respiratory failure (ARF) receiving CPAP outside intensive care unit (ICU), and ascertaining whether the duration of CPAP application increased the risk of mortality for patients requiring intubation. We designed this retrospective multicentre study to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 treated with CPAP outside ICU, to assess 60-day in-hospital mortality, and hospital length of stay (LOS), and to ascertain whether the duration CPAP application prior to CPAP failure affects outcome in patients requiring endotracheal intubation. This multicentre retrospective observational study on 537 patients hypoxemic ARF secondary to laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection, shows that CPAP applied to different therapeutic goals i.e., candidate to intubation in the case of CPAP failure and do-not-intubate in which CPAP is considered the ceiling of treatment, is feasible outside ICU. abstract: AIM: We aim at characterising a large population of Coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) patients with moderate-to-severe hypoxemic acute respiratory failure (ARF) receiving CPAP outside intensive care unit (ICU), and ascertaining whether the duration of CPAP application increased the risk of mortality for patients requiring intubation. METHODS: In this retrospective, multicentre cohort study, we included COVID-19 adult patients, treated with CPAP outside ICU for hypoxemic ARF from March 1(st) to April 15(th), 2020. We collected demographic and clinical data, including CPAP therapeutic goal, hospital length of stay (LOS), and 60-day in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: The study includes 537 patients with a median age of 69 (IQR, 60–76) years. Males were 391 (73%). According to predefined CPAP therapeutic goal, 397 (74%) patients were included in full treatment subgroup, and 140 (26%) in the do-not intubate (DNI) subgroup. Median CPAP duration was 4 (IQR, 1–8) days, while hospital LOS 16 (IQR, 9–27) days. Sixty-day in-hospital mortality was overall 34% (95%CI, 0.304–0.384), and 21% (95%CI, 0.169–0.249) and 73% (95%CI, 0.648–0.787) for full treatment and DNI subgroups, respectively. In the full treatment subgroup, in-hospital mortality was 42% (95%CI, 0.345–0.488) for 180 (45%) CPAP failures requiring intubation, while 2% (95%CI, 0.008–0.035) for the remaining 217 (55%) patients who succeeded. Delaying intubation was associated with increased mortality [HR, 1.093 (95%CI, 1.010–1.184)]. CONCLUSIONS: We described a large population of COVID-19 patients treated with CPAP outside ICU. Intubation delay represents a risk factor for mortality. Further investigation is needed for early identification of CPAP failures. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7607967/ doi: 10.1183/23120541.00541-2020 id: cord-014533-6qfecv5h author: Velasquez, T. title: ESICM LIVES 2016: part three: Milan, Italy. 1–5 October 2016 date: 2016-09-29 words: 88380.0 sentences: 5139.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-014533-6qfecv5h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-014533-6qfecv5h.txt summary: P. Tirapu; Navarro-Guillamón, L.; Cordovilla-Guardia, S.; Iglesias-Santiago, A.; Guerrero-López, F.; Fernández-Mondéjar, E.; Vidal, A.; Perez, M.; Juez, A.; Arias, N.; Colino, L.; Perez, J. Methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted on consecutive 100 pediatric surgical patients who admitted to PSICUs at Cairo University Hospitals starting from 1/6-1/12/2015.After approval by research ethics committee,informed consents were obtained from parents and pediatric cases aged from 1 month-18 years and stayed for > 48 h were enrolled.MPV and PLC were obtained and recorded at baseline(preoperative values),on the day of ICU admission(day 0),1 st ,2 nd ,3 rd ,5 th and 7 th days.To measure daily MPV changes; (ΔMPV) was constructed and computed where ΔMPV = ([MPVday(X) − MPVday (0)]/MPVday(0) × 100 %. Results: The results obtained after analyzing the two homogeneous groups according to age, gender, type of admission and severity influencing the physiotherapy care in ICU quality indicators, in the Sagrada Esperança clinic, highlights the decrease of the average number of days with mechanical ventilation but it is not observed a significant relation between physical therapy and this indicator (p = 0:06). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5042925/ doi: 10.1186/s40635-016-0100-7 id: cord-353069-xkb3xy6k author: Vellieux, Geoffroy title: COVID-19 associated encephalopathy: is there a specific EEG pattern? date: 2020-06-24 words: 1155.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353069-xkb3xy6k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353069-xkb3xy6k.txt summary: We report the history of two patients with coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) whose electroencephalograms (EEG) found a unique pattern, never described up to now. Continuous long duration EEG was performed for neurological evaluation three days after arrival, under a regimen of sedative drugs composed of propofol 200 mg/h + sufentanyl 15 g/h. EEG revealed a strictly similar pattern compared to patient #1 with continuous, symmetric, monomorphic, diphasic (or even triphasic), delta slow waves with diffuse projection but greater amplitude over both frontal areas. recently reported the case of an 80-year-old woman with COVID-19 whose EEG successively found frontal status epilepticus, then alterations compatible with toxic/metabolic encephalopathy and finally periodic triphasic activity with short periods of 1-1.5 s (Flamand et al. To our knowledge, our report is the first to describe strikingly similar EEG patterns in two patients with COVID-19, i.e., non-reactive bifrontal monomorphic diphasic periodic delta slow waves, irrespective of sedative drugs. EEG should be more broadly performed in any patients with COVID-19 displaying neurological symptoms. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2020.06.005 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.06.005 id: cord-335033-cwhm7v0s author: Vergano, Marco title: Clinical ethics recommendations for the allocation of intensive care treatments in exceptional, resource-limited circumstances: the Italian perspective during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-04-22 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-02891-w doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-02891-w id: cord-292490-djp9onk5 author: Verma, V. R. title: Projecting Demand-Supply Gap of Hospital Capacity in India in the face of COVID-19 pandemic using Age-Structured Deterministic SEIR model date: 2020-05-19 words: 5732.0 sentences: 264.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292490-djp9onk5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292490-djp9onk5.txt summary: Within a short span of time, a localized outbreak evolved into pandemic with three defining characteristics: a) Speed and Scale-the disease has spread quickly to all corners of the world, and its capacity for explosive spread has overwhelmed even the most resilient health systems b) Severity-Overall, 20% cases are severe or critical, with a crude clinical case fatality rate currently of over 3%, increasing in older age groups and in those with certain underlying conditions c) Societal and economic disruption-shocks to health and social care systems and measures taken to control transmission having deep socio-economic consequences (3) . Under case-3, where 10% of capacity in public facilities and 30% in private facilities is apportioned for COVID-19, and testing coverage is 200,000 per day with TTP of 5%, the estimated demand for severe and critical cases can only be met if supply of ICU beds and ventilators is increased by 8.4% and 2.6% before 27 th July 2020. abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to uncertainties encompassing the transmission dynamics of COVID-19, mathematical models informing the trajectory of disease are being proposed throughout the world. Current pandemic is also characterized by surge in hospitalizations which has overwhelmed even the most resilient health systems. Therefore, it is imperative to assess supply side preparedness in tandem with demand projections for comprehensive outlook. OBJECTIVE: Hence, we attempted this study to forecast the demand for hospital resources for one year period and correspondingly assessed capacity and tipping points of Indian health system to absorb surges in demand due to COVID-19. METHODS: We employed age- structured deterministic SEIR model and modified it to allow for testing and isolation capacity to forecast the demand under varying scenarios. Projections for documented cases were made for varying degree of mitigation strategies of a) No-lockdown b) Moderate-lockdown c) Full-lockdown. Correspondingly, data on a) General beds b) ICU beds and c) Ventilators was collated from various government records. Further, we computed the daily turnover of each of these resources which was then adjusted for proportion of cases requiring mild, severe and critical care to arrive at maximum number of COVID-19 cases manageable by health care system of India. FINDINGS: Our results revealed pervasive deficits in the capacity of public health system to absorb surge in demand during peak of epidemic. Also, continuing strict lockdown measures was found to be ineffective in suppressing total infections significantly, rather would only push the peak by a month. However, augmented testing of 500,000 tests per day during peak (mid-July) under moderate lockdown scenario would lead to more reported cases (5,500,000-6,000,000), leading to surge in demand for hospital resources. A minimum allocation of 10% public resources and 30% private resources would be required to commensurate with demand under that scenario. However, if the testing capacity is limited by 200,000 tests per day under same scenario, documented cases would plummet by half. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.14.20100537v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.14.20100537 id: cord-292856-7hjzzxtm author: Viasus, Diego title: Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09-related pneumonia and other complications date: 2012-10-31 words: 4215.0 sentences: 294.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292856-7hjzzxtm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292856-7hjzzxtm.txt summary: The main complications reported in hospitalized adults with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 were pneumonia (primary influenza pneumonia and concomitant/secondary bacterial pneumonia), exacerbations of chronic pulmonary diseases (mainly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma), the need for intensive unit care admission (including mechanical ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome and septic shock), nosocomial infections and acute cardiac events. The main complications reported in hospitalized adults with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 were pneumonia (primary influenza pneumonia and concomitant/secondary bacterial pneumonia), exacerbations of chronic pulmonary diseases (mainly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma), the need for intensive unit care admission (including mechanical ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome and septic shock), nosocomial infections and acute cardiac events. 6, 34, 35 Chronic pulmonary diseases, mainly COPD and asthma, are frequent comorbidities reported in hospitalized patients with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. abstract: Abstract Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection was associated with significant morbidity, mainly among children and young adults. The majority of patients had self-limited mild-to-moderate uncomplicated disease. However, some patients developed severe illness and some died. In addition to respiratory complications, several complications due to direct and indirect effects on other body systems were associated with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. The main complications reported in hospitalized adults with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 were pneumonia (primary influenza pneumonia and concomitant/secondary bacterial pneumonia), exacerbations of chronic pulmonary diseases (mainly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma), the need for intensive unit care admission (including mechanical ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome and septic shock), nosocomial infections and acute cardiac events. In experimentally infected animals, the level of pulmonary replication of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus was higher than that of seasonal influenza viruses. Pathological studies in autopsy specimens indicated that the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus mainly targeted the lower respiratory tract, resulting in diffuse alveolar damage (edema, hyaline membranes, inflammation, and fibrosis), manifested clinically by severe acute respiratory distress syndrome with refractory hypoxemia. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09-related pneumonia and other complications were associated with increased morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0213005X12701040 doi: 10.1016/s0213-005x(12)70104-0 id: cord-003798-nki2sasr author: Vidaur, Loreto title: Human metapneumovirus as cause of severe community-acquired pneumonia in adults: insights from a ten-year molecular and epidemiological analysis date: 2019-07-24 words: 3501.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-003798-nki2sasr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-003798-nki2sasr.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Information on the clinical, epidemiological and molecular characterization of human metapneumovirus in critically ill adult patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and the role of biomarkers identifying bacterial coinfection is scarce. METHODS: This is a retrospective epidemiological study of adult patients with hMPV severe CAP admitted to ICU during a ten-year period with admission PSI score ≥ 3. The main objective of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of adults with severe pneumonia caused by hMPV who required intensive care unit (ICU) admission, over a long period of time. Interestingly, three patients (10.7%) were young adult patients without comorbidities and without bacterial coinfection that developed ARDS pointing out a main role of hMPV in the etiology of severe respiratory infections requiring mechanical ventilation. Main characteristics of immunosuppressed adult patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit due to a severe community-acquired pneumonia associated with human metapneumovirus infection (Guipuzcoa, Basque Country, Spain, 2007-2017). abstract: BACKGROUND: Information on the clinical, epidemiological and molecular characterization of human metapneumovirus in critically ill adult patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and the role of biomarkers identifying bacterial coinfection is scarce. METHODS: This is a retrospective epidemiological study of adult patients with hMPV severe CAP admitted to ICU during a ten-year period with admission PSI score ≥ 3. RESULTS: The 92.8% of the 28 patients with severe CAP due to human metapneumovirus were detected during the first half of the year. Median age was 62 years and 60.7% were male. The genotyping of isolated human metapneumovirus showed group B predominance (60.7%). All patients had acute respiratory failure. Median APACHE II and SOFA score were 13 and 6.55, respectively. The 25% were coinfected with Streptococcus pneumoniae. 60.7% of the patients had shock at admission and 50% underwent mechanical ventilation. Seven patients developed ARDS, three of them younger than 60 years and without comorbidities. Mortality in ICU was 14.3%. Among survivors, ICU and hospital stay were 6.5 and 14 days, respectively. Plasma levels of procalcitonin were higher in patients with bacterial coinfection (18.2 vs 0.54; p < 0.05). The levels of C-reactive protein, however, were similar. CONCLUSION: Human metapneumovirus was associated with severe CAP requiring ICU admission among elderly patients or patients with comorbidities, but also in healthy young subjects. These patients often underwent mechanical ventilation with elevated health resource consumption. While one out of four patients showed pneumococcal coinfection, plasma procalcitonin helped to implement antimicrobial stewardship. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s13613-019-0559-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6656825/ doi: 10.1186/s13613-019-0559-y id: cord-004487-hrkj2y8o author: Villa, Gianluca title: Validation of END-of-life ScorING-system to identify the dying patient: a prospective analysis date: 2020-03-09 words: 3744.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004487-hrkj2y8o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004487-hrkj2y8o.txt summary: BACKGROUND: The "END-of-Life ScorING-System" (ENDING-S) was previously developed to identify patients at high-risk of dying in the ICU and to facilitate a practical integration between palliative and intensive care. In a pilot study, ENDING-S presented acceptable calibration and discrimination properties in identifying patients at very high risk of dying in the ICU, with a receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve (ROC-AUC) analysis equal to 0.98 (95%CI, 0.97 to 1) and agreement between the predicted probability and the observed frequency of death in the ICU (p > 0.05 at Hosmer-Lemeshow test) were preliminarily observed [11] . In this observational study, the previously defined ENDING-score was prospectively tested in a cohort of critical care patients with an ICU length of stay longer than 4 days in order to validate its discriminative effect in identifying patient at very high risk of dying in the ICU. abstract: BACKGROUND: The “END-of-Life ScorING-System” (ENDING-S) was previously developed to identify patients at high-risk of dying in the ICU and to facilitate a practical integration between palliative and intensive care. The aim of this study is to prospectively validate ENDING-S in a cohort of long-term critical care patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult long-term ICU patients (with a length-of-stay> 4 days) were considered for this prospective multicenter observational study. ENDING-S and SOFA score were calculated daily and evaluated against the patient’s ICU outcome. The predictive properties were evaluated through a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty patients were enrolled for this study. Among these, 21.46% died during the ICU stay. ENDING-S correctly predicted the ICU outcome in 71.4% of patients. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values associated with the previously identified ENDING-S cut-off of 11.5 were 68.1, 72.3, 60 and 89.3%, respectively. ROC-AUC for outcome prediction was 0.79 for ENDING-S and 0.88 for SOFA in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS: ENDING-S, while not as accurately as in the pilot study, demonstrated acceptable discrimination properties in identifying long-term ICU patients at very high-risk of dying. ENDING-S may be a useful tool aimed at facilitating a practical integration between palliative, end-of-life and intensive care. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02875912; First registration August 4, 2016. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068991/ doi: 10.1186/s12871-020-00979-y id: cord-000522-d498qj2b author: Vincent, Jean-Louis title: Reducing mortality in sepsis: new directions date: 2002-12-05 words: 8709.0 sentences: 431.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-000522-d498qj2b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-000522-d498qj2b.txt summary: Five topics were selected that have been shown in randomized, controlled trials to reduce mortality: limiting the tidal volume in acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome, early goal-directed therapy, use of drotrecogin alfa (activated), use of moderate doses of steroids, and tight control of blood sugar. The present article provides guidelines from experts in the field on optimal patient selection and timing for each intervention, and provides advice on how to integrate new therapies into ICU practice, including protocol development, so that mortality rates from this disease process can be reduced. The interventions discussed encompassed low tidal volume in patients with acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (Edward Abraham), early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) (Emanuel Rivers), drotrecogin alfa (activated) (Gordon Bernard), moderate-dose corticosteroids (Djillali Annane), and tight control of blood sugar (Greet Van den Berghe). abstract: Considerable progress has been made in the past few years in the development of therapeutic interventions that can reduce mortality in sepsis. However, encouraging physicians to put the results of new studies into practice is not always simple. A roundtable was thus convened to provide guidance for clinicians on the integration and implementation of new interventions into the intensive care unit (ICU). Five topics were selected that have been shown in randomized, controlled trials to reduce mortality: limiting the tidal volume in acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome, early goal-directed therapy, use of drotrecogin alfa (activated), use of moderate doses of steroids, and tight control of blood sugar. One of the principal investigators for each study was invited to participate in the roundtable. The discussions and questions that followed the presentation of data by each panel member enabled a consensus recommendation to be derived regarding when each intervention should be used. Each new intervention has a place in the management of patients with sepsis. Furthermore, and importantly, the therapies are not mutually exclusive; many patients will need a combination of several approaches – an 'ICU package'. The present article provides guidelines from experts in the field on optimal patient selection and timing for each intervention, and provides advice on how to integrate new therapies into ICU practice, including protocol development, so that mortality rates from this disease process can be reduced. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3239386/ doi: 10.1186/cc1860 id: cord-028923-gzqd5g0k author: Vitug, Sarah title: Sedation with ketamine and fentanyl combination improves patient outcomes in intensive care units date: 2020-07-10 words: 1067.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-028923-gzqd5g0k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-028923-gzqd5g0k.txt summary: title: Sedation with ketamine and fentanyl combination improves patient outcomes in intensive care units Psychological manifestations such as depression and suicidal ideation are commonly caused by poorly controlled pain, anxiety, and sleep deprivation in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. We have shown that appropriate combinations of ketamine and fentanyl are effective, and if further supplementation is needed, we utilize additional pharmacological agents in low doses and regional techniques that ultimately lower the overall opioid consumption. For the last 25 years, we have adopted a multimodal approach for pain and sedation, such as ketamine and fentanyl combinations for many of our postoperative ICU patients. In patients who are resistant to sedation, we add medication in addition to ketamine and fentanyl, such as low-dose propofol, midazolam, or dexmedetomidine [3] . The purpose of our multimodal approach to pain and sedation in the postoperative ICU setting is to improve the quality of care for our patients by minimizing undesired effects associated with analgesic agents. abstract: Psychological manifestations such as depression and suicidal ideation are commonly caused by poorly controlled pain, anxiety, and sleep deprivation in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. We are concerned that previous analgesic and sedative techniques administered as single-medication approaches are outdated and inadequate. It is imperative that ICU practitioners are knowledgeable in multimodal approaches to pain and sedation in high acuity settings. We have shown that appropriate combinations of ketamine and fentanyl are effective, and if further supplementation is needed, we utilize additional pharmacological agents in low doses and regional techniques that ultimately lower the overall opioid consumption. We acknowledge that a variety of medication supplementations tailored to the patient’s clinical needs and nature of surgery improves a patient’s outcome in ICU and overall quality of life. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7347421/ doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00275-3 id: cord-003198-1kw5v6rm author: Vuillard, Constance title: Clinical features and outcome of patients with acute respiratory failure revealing anti-synthetase or anti-MDA-5 dermato-pulmonary syndrome: a French multicenter retrospective study date: 2018-09-11 words: 4851.0 sentences: 242.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-003198-1kw5v6rm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-003198-1kw5v6rm.txt summary: The following data were collected on a standardized anonymized case record form: demographic characteristics (age, gender), severity scores upon ICU admission (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [23] and Simplified Acute Physiology Score II [24] ), main comorbidities, delay between first respiratory sign and ICU admission, clinical examination (respiratory and extra-respiratory manifestations) and laboratory findings at the time of ICU admission (blood leukocytes and platelets counts, serum procalcitonine, C-reactive protein, creatine kinase and creatinine levels, PaO 2 /FiO 2 with FiO 2 calculated according to the following formula [25, 26] : FiO 2 = oxygen flow in liter per minute × 0.04 + 0.21 when standard oxygen was used), radiological findings on chest X-ray and CT scan, cytological and bacteriological analyses of broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, type of positive autoantibodies (Jo-1, PL7, PL12, OJ, EJ, KS, Zo, YRS/Tyr/ Ha or aMDA-5), immunosuppressive treatments received (corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, rituximab, basiliximab, tacrolimus, cyclosporine, methotrexate, intravenous immunoglobulins or plasma exchange), organ supports in the ICU (invasive mechanical ventilation, extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), renal replacement therapy, vasopressors), ICU and hospital length of stay, ICU and hospital mortality. abstract: BACKGROUND: Anti-synthetase (AS) and dermato-pulmonary associated with anti-MDA-5 antibodies (aMDA-5) syndromes are near one of the other autoimmune inflammatory myopathies potentially responsible for severe acute interstitial lung disease. We undertook a 13-year retrospective multicenter study in 35 French ICUs in order to describe the clinical presentation and the outcome of patients admitted to the ICU for acute respiratory failure (ARF) revealing AS or aMDA-5 syndromes. RESULTS: From 2005 to 2017, 47 patients (23 males; median age 60 [1st–3rd quartiles 52–69] years, no comorbidity 85%) were admitted to the ICU for ARF revealing AS (n = 28, 60%) or aMDA-5 (n = 19, 40%) syndromes. Muscular, articular and cutaneous manifestations occurred in 11 patients (23%), 14 (30%) and 20 (43%) patients, respectively. Seventeen of them (36%) had no extra-pulmonary manifestations. C-reactive protein was increased (139 [40–208] mg/L), whereas procalcitonine was not (0.30 [0.12–0.56] ng/mL). Proportion of patients with creatine kinase ≥ 2N was 20% (n = 9/47). Forty-two patients (89%) had ARDS, which was severe in 86%, with a rate of 17% (n = 8/47) of extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation requirement. Proportion of patients who received corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulins and plasma exchange were 100%, 72%, 15%, 21% and 17%, respectively. ICU and hospital mortality rates were 45% (n = 21/47) and 51% (n = 24/47), respectively. Patients with aMDA-5 dermato-pulmonary syndrome had a higher hospital mortality than those with AS syndrome (n = 16/19, 84% vs. n = 8/28, 29%; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Intensivists should consider inflammatory myopathies as a cause of ARF of unknown origin. Extra-pulmonary manifestations are commonly lacking. Mortality is high, especially in aMDA-5 dermato-pulmonary syndrome. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6131681/ doi: 10.1186/s13613-018-0433-3 id: cord-329996-f2hxpat3 author: Wahlster, Sarah title: The COVID-19 Pandemic’s Impact on Critical Care Resources and Providers: A Global Survey date: 2020-09-11 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Background The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and Critical Care Healthcare Providers (HCPs) worldwide. Research Question How do regional differences and perceived lack of ICU resources affect critical care resource utilization and the well-being of HCPs? Study Design and Methods Between April 23rd-May 7th 2020, we electronically administered a 41-question survey to interdisciplinary HCPs caring for critically ill COVID-19 patients. The survey was distributed via critical care societies, research networks, personal contacts, and social media portals. Responses were tabulated by World Bank region. We performed multivariate log-binomial regression to assess factors associated with three main outcomes: 1) Limiting mechanical ventilation (MV), 2) changes in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) practices, and 3) emotional distress or burnout. Results We included 2700 respondents from 77 countries, including physicians (41%), nurses (40%), respiratory therapists (10%) and advanced practice providers (8%). The reported lack of ICU nurses was higher than that of intensivists (32% vs 15%). Limiting MV for COVID-19 patients was reported by 16% of respondents, was lowest in North America (10%), and was associated with reduced ventilator availability (aRR:2.10, 95% CI:1.61-2.74). Overall, 66% of respondents reported changes in CPR practices. Emotional distress or burnout was high across regions (52%, highest in North America), and associated with female gender (aRR:1.16, 95% CI:1.01-1.33), being a nurse (aRR:1.31, 95% CI:1.13-1.53), reporting a shortage of ICU nurses (aRR:1.18, 95% CI:1.05-1.33) and powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs) (aRR:1.30 95% CI:1.09-1.55), as well as experiencing poor communication from supervisors (aRR:1.30, 95% CI:1.16-1.46). Interpretation Our findings demonstrate variability in ICU resource availability and utilization worldwide. The high prevalence of provider burnout, and its association with reported insufficient resources and poor communication from supervisors suggest a need for targeted interventions to support HCPs on the front lines. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S001236922034438X doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.09.070 id: cord-025861-nsrs6dmc author: Waldeck, Frederike title: Influenza-associated aspergillosis in critically-ill patients—a retrospective bicentric cohort study date: 2020-06-03 words: 3991.0 sentences: 248.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-025861-nsrs6dmc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-025861-nsrs6dmc.txt summary: We aimed to describe prognostic factors for influenza-associated IA (IAA) and poor outcome and mortality in critically ill patients in Switzerland. Aspergillus is a common superinfection in critically ill influenza patients associated with poor outcome and longer duration of organ supportive therapies. Since no data on IAA was available from Switzerland, we retrospectively analysed all patients with severe influenza infection needing treatment in two large Swiss ICUs during the 2017/2018 influenza season with regard to predictors of IAA, mortality and poor outcome. In this retrospective cohort study, sixteen ICUs of tertiary hospitals in Switzerland were asked if they had observed cases of IAA and severe influenza and routinely looked for IAA based on clinical suspicion with galactomannan and fungal cultures in BAL; only two of them met the criteria (Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen and University Hospital of Geneva). IAA is a severe and relatively frequent complication affecting 11% of patients with influenza treated in two Swiss ICUs. Aspergillus represented the most frequent respiratory co-infection of influenza in this cohort. abstract: Influenza was recently reported as a risk factor for invasive aspergillosis (IA). We aimed to describe prognostic factors for influenza-associated IA (IAA) and poor outcome and mortality in critically ill patients in Switzerland. All adults with confirmed influenza admitted to the ICU at two Swiss tertiary care centres during the 2017/2018 influenza season were retrospectively evaluated. IAA was defined by clinical, mycological and radiological criteria: a positive galactomannan in bronchoalveolar lavage or histopathological or cultural evidence in respiratory specimens of Aspergillus spp., any radiological infiltrate and a compatible clinical presentation. Poor outcome was defined as a composite of in-hospital mortality, ICU length of stay (LOS), invasive ventilation for > 7 days or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Of 81 patients with influenza in the ICU, 9 (11%) were diagnosed with IAA. All patients with IAA had poor outcome compared to 26 (36%) patients without IAA (p < 0.001). Median ICU-LOS and mortality were 17 vs. 3 days (p < 0.01) and 3/9 (33%) vs. 13/72 (18%; p = 0.37) in patients with vs. without IAA, respectively. Patients with IAA had significantly longer durations of antibiotic therapy, vasoactive support and mechanical ventilation. Aspergillus was the most common respiratory co-pathogen (9/40, 22%) followed by classical bacterial co-pathogens. IAA was not associated with classical risk factors. Aspergillus is a common superinfection in critically ill influenza patients associated with poor outcome and longer duration of organ supportive therapies. Given the absence of classical risk factors for aspergillosis, greater awareness is necessary, particularly in those requiring organ supportive therapies. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10096-020-03923-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7266735/ doi: 10.1007/s10096-020-03923-7 id: cord-001322-7xmxcm35 author: Walden, Andrew P title: Patients with community acquired pneumonia admitted to European intensive care units: an epidemiological survey of the GenOSept cohort date: 2014-04-01 words: 4286.0 sentences: 227.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-001322-7xmxcm35.txt txt: ./txt/cord-001322-7xmxcm35.txt summary: Phenotypic data was recorded using a robust clinical database allowing a contemporary analysis of the clinical characteristics, microbiology, outcomes and independent risk factors in patients with severe CAP admitted to ICUs across Europe. A number of more recent, larger studies have focussed on identifying patients with CAP at increased risk of severe sepsis and death, as well as those who may require ventilator or vasopressor support [3, [24] [25] [26] . The aim of the study reported here was to define the clinical characteristics, microbiological aetiology, outcomes and independent risk factors for mortality in a large, contemporary cohort of patients with severe CAP admitted to ICUs across Europe. The British Thoracic Society Research Committee and The Public HealthLaboratory Service: The aetiology, management and outcome of severe community-acquired pneumonia on the intensive care unit A five-year study of severe community-acquired pneumonia with emphasis on prognosis in patients admitted to an intensive care unit abstract: INTRODUCTION: Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the most common infectious reason for admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The GenOSept study was designed to determine genetic influences on sepsis outcome. Phenotypic data was recorded using a robust clinical database allowing a contemporary analysis of the clinical characteristics, microbiology, outcomes and independent risk factors in patients with severe CAP admitted to ICUs across Europe. METHODS: Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine mortality rates. A Cox Proportional Hazards (PH) model was used to identify variables independently associated with 28-day and six-month mortality. RESULTS: Data from 1166 patients admitted to 102 centres across 17 countries was extracted. Median age was 64 years, 62% were male. Mortality rate at 28 days was 17%, rising to 27% at six months. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the commonest organism isolated (28% of cases) with no organism identified in 36%. Independent risk factors associated with an increased risk of death at six months included APACHE II score (hazard ratio, HR, 1.03; confidence interval, CI, 1.01-1.05), bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (HR1.44; CI 1.11-1.87) and ventilator support (HR 3.04; CI 1.64-5.62). Haematocrit, pH and urine volume on day one were all associated with a worse outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The mortality rate in patients with severe CAP admitted to European ICUs was 27% at six months. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the commonest organism isolated. In many cases the infecting organism was not identified. Ventilator support, the presence of diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, lower haematocrit, urine volume and pH on admission were independent predictors of a worse outcome. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4056764/ doi: 10.1186/cc13812 id: cord-017772-zpf1xjqi author: Walter, James M. title: Thrombocytopenia in the Intensive Care Unit date: 2019-07-24 words: 4577.0 sentences: 279.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017772-zpf1xjqi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017772-zpf1xjqi.txt summary: In general, ICU patients who develop thrombocytopenia are sicker than patients with normal platelet counts, with higher illness severity scores, more need for vasoactive infusions, and more organ dysfunction [8, 9] . TMAs are a diverse group of disorders that can be classified broadly as primary (thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic uremic syndrome, drug-mediated, etc.) or secondary to a systemic disorder (disseminated intravascular coagulation, severe hypertension, hemolysis with elevated liver enzymes and low platelets during pregnancy, etc.) [23] . The diagnosis of DIC should be suspected in any critically ill patient with thrombocytopenia, abnormal coagulation parameters (e.g., a prolonged prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times), MAHA, and laboratory evidence of fibrinolysis (e.g., an elevated d-dimer and reduced fibrinogen) [38] . Indeed, a recent systematic review did not identify a single high-quality study that investigated the impact of prophylactic platelet transfusions on bleeding rates in critically ill patients [72] . abstract: The evaluation and management of thrombocytopenia is a daily challenge for clinicians in the intensive care unit (ICU). Thrombocytopenia is incredibly common, present in upwards of 60% of ICU patients. Additionally, thrombocytopenia in the critically ill is rarely caused by a single etiology. Several causes of thrombocytopenia in the ICU including heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura demand urgent recognition and intervention. This chapter provides a general overview of thrombocytopenia in the ICU and highlights important diagnostic and management considerations for some of the most common etiologies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122430/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-26710-0_83 id: cord-011418-hy8xmtiq author: Walz, Alice title: The ICU Liberation Bundle and Strategies for Implementation in Pediatrics date: 2020-05-16 words: 5257.0 sentences: 253.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011418-hy8xmtiq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011418-hy8xmtiq.txt summary: The effects of the full ICU liberation bundle in children have not been published, but in adults, bundle implementation (even partial) resulted in significant improvement in survival, mechanical ventilation use, coma, delirium, restraint-free care, ICU readmissions, and post-ICU discharge disposition. The ICU Liberation Collaborative was a quality improvement initiative hosted by the Society of Critical Care Medicine among 76 hospitals (67 adult and 9 pediatric) formed to implement and assess changes in clinical practice aimed at improving patient outcomes. In two large multicenter studies at varied types of ICUs [18••, 19] , even partial bundle implementation resulted in improvement in survival, mechanical ventilation use, coma, delirium, restraint-free care, ICU readmissions, and post-ICU discharge disposition. This large-scale quality improvement strategy offers guidance for the daily care of critically ill patients that can reduce pain, agitation, and delirium, in an effort to prevent physical, psychological, and cognitive morbidities that limit or prolong recovery. abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We briefly review post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) and the morbidities associated with critical illness that led to the intensive care unit (ICU) liberation movement. We review each element of the ICU liberation bundle, including pediatric support data, as well as tips and strategies for implementation in a pediatric ICU (PICU) setting. RECENT FINDINGS: Numerous studies have found children have cognitive, physical, and psychiatric deficits after a PICU stay. The effects of the full ICU liberation bundle in children have not been published, but in adults, bundle implementation (even partial) resulted in significant improvement in survival, mechanical ventilation use, coma, delirium, restraint-free care, ICU readmissions, and post-ICU discharge disposition. SUMMARY: Although initially described in adults, children also suffer from PICS. The ICU liberation bundle is feasible in children and may ameliorate the effects of a PICU stay. Further studies are needed to characterize the benefits of the ICU liberation bundle in children. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7229434/ doi: 10.1007/s40124-020-00216-7 id: cord-328948-m5h2hgpb author: Wang, Hanyin title: Patient Care Rounds in the Intensive Care Unit During COVID-19 date: 2020-07-04 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjq.2020.06.006 doi: 10.1016/j.jcjq.2020.06.006 id: cord-296435-6dergkha author: Wang, Tiehua title: Thrombocytopenia Is Associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Mortality: An International Study date: 2014-04-14 words: 4474.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296435-6dergkha.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296435-6dergkha.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Early detection of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) has the potential to improvethe prognosis of critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). CONCLUSIONS: This study of ICU patients in both China and US showed that thrombocytopenia is associated with an increased risk of ARDS and platelet count in combination with ARDS had a high predictive value for patient mortality. Although patient specific data was not available, protocolled low tidal volume ventilation was standardized in study ICUs. Among predisposing conditions for ARDS in all enrolled patients, sepsis and/or septic shock (n = 149, 83%) were the most [20] were associated with development of ARDS.Respiratory rate (.30 breaths/min), aspiration, and .1 risks for ARDS were also evaluated in model selection but were eliminated during model selection (not significant). In both Beijing and Boston cohorts, the combination of thrombocytopenia and ARDS further increased risk of 60-day mortality among critically ill patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: Early detection of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) has the potential to improvethe prognosis of critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). However, no reliable biomarkers are currently available for accurate early detection of ARDS in patients with predisposing conditions. OBJECTIVES: This study examined risk factors and biomarkers for ARDS development and mortality in two prospective cohort studies. METHODS: We examined clinical risk factors for ARDS in a cohort of 178 patients in Beijing, China who were admitted to the ICU and were at high risk for ARDS. Identified biomarkers were then replicated in a second cohort of1,878 patients in Boston, USA. RESULTS: Of 178 patients recruited from participating hospitals in Beijing, 75 developed ARDS. After multivariate adjustment, sepsis (odds ratio [OR]:5.58, 95% CI: 1.70–18.3), pulmonary injury (OR: 3.22; 95% CI: 1.60–6.47), and thrombocytopenia, defined as platelet count <80×10(3)/µL, (OR: 2.67; 95% CI: 1.27–5.62)were significantly associated with increased risk of developing ARDS. Thrombocytopenia was also associated with increased mortality in patients who developed ARDS (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.07–1.57) but not in those who did not develop ARDS(AHR: 1.25, 95% CI: 0.96–1.62). The presence of both thrombocytopenia and ARDS substantially increased 60-daymortality. Sensitivity analyses showed that a platelet count of <100×10(3)/µLin combination with ARDS provide the highest prognostic value for mortality. These associations were replicated in the cohort of US patients. CONCLUSIONS: This study of ICU patients in both China and US showed that thrombocytopenia is associated with an increased risk of ARDS and platelet count in combination with ARDS had a high predictive value for patient mortality. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094124 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094124 id: cord-284177-otr38534 author: Wax, Randy S. title: Preparing the Intensive Care Unit for Disaster date: 2019-08-21 words: 4581.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284177-otr38534.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284177-otr38534.txt summary: The emergency department (ED) and operating room would typically experience a huge impact in a sudden onset trauma surge (such as a mass casualty shooting), whereas a bioterrorism or pandemic event with a prolonged incubation period may have a greater effect on the intensive care unit (ICU) because of the prolonged need for mechanical ventilation and ICU support for disaster-related patients. Critical care nursing leadership involvement will ensure adequate planning for the required interfaces between the ICU and other areas of the hospital from a patient safety and administrative perspective, including strategies for bed management and patient flow into and out of the ICU. Encouraging the involvement of relevant interprofessional team members in critical care disaster planning can help determine potential limitations in services during a disaster, suggest mitigation strategies to minimize the impact of a surge in demand for their expertise, and propose educational strategies to use other health care staff and even family members to assist as extenders with less frequent available input from these health care professionals. abstract: Critical care teams can face a dramatic surge in demand for ICU beds and organ support during a disaster. Through effective preparedness, teams can enable a more effective response and hasten recovery back to normal operations. Disaster preparedness needs to balance an all-hazards approach with focused hazard-specific preparation guided by a critical care-specific hazard-vulnerability analysis. Broad stakeholder input from within and outside the critical care team is necessary to avoid gaps in planning. Evaluation of critical care disaster plans require frequent exercises, with a mechanism in place to ensure lessons learned effectively prompt improvements in the plan. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749070419300478 doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2019.06.008 id: cord-028639-mk798t8f author: Weeden, M. title: Functional Outcomes in Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit with Traumatic Brain Injury and Exposed to Hyperoxia: A Retrospective Multicentre Cohort Study date: 2020-07-06 words: 3733.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-028639-mk798t8f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-028639-mk798t8f.txt summary: title: Functional Outcomes in Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit with Traumatic Brain Injury and Exposed to Hyperoxia: A Retrospective Multicentre Cohort Study Indeed, retrospective studies have raised concern about greater mortality with hyperoxia [6] [7] [8] , albeit a recent large, multicenter randomized controlled trial (ICU-ROX) demonstrated no effect of liberal oxygen exposure on ventilator-free days or mortality in a mixed intensive care unit (ICU) population [9] . In view of this knowledge gap, we designed a retrospective cohort study to explore the association between early hyperoxia (as measured by the partial arterial pressure of oxygen [P a O 2 ]) and 6, 12, and 24 months functional outcomes in ventilated TBI patients admitted to the ICU. In a large cohort study of TBI patients, managed in a comprehensive state-wide trauma system, we found no association between hyperoxia in the first 24-h of ICU admission, and adverse long-term functional outcomes. abstract: BACKGROUND: Supplemental oxygen administration to critically ill patients is ubiquitous in the intensive care unit (ICU). Uncertainty persists as to whether hyperoxia is benign in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly in regard to their long-term functional neurological outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study of invasively ventilated patients with TBI admitted to the ICU. A database linkage between the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Adult Patient Database (ANZICS-APD) and the Victorian State Trauma Registry (VSTR) was utilized. The primary exposure variable was minimum acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) III P(a)O(2) in the first 24 h of ICU. We defined hypoxia as P(a)O(2) < 60 mmHg, normoxia as 60–299 mmHg, and hyperoxia as ≥ 300 mmHg. The primary outcome was a Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) < 5 at 6 months while secondary outcomes included 12 and 24 months GOSE and mortality at each of these timepoints. Additional sensitivity analyses were undertaken in the following subgroups: isolated head injury, patients with operative intervention, head injury severity, and P(a)O(2) either subcategorized by increments of 60 mmHg or treated as a continuous variable. RESULTS: A total of 3699 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 42.8 years, 77.7% were male and the mean acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) III score was 60.1 (26.3). 2842 patients experienced normoxia, and 783 hyperoxia. The primary outcome occurred in 1470 (47.1%) of patients overall with 1123 (47.1%) from the normoxia group and 312 (45.9%) from the hyperoxia group—odds ratio 0.99 (0.78–1.25). No significant differences in outcomes between groups at 6, 12, and 24 months were observed. Sensitivity analyses did not identify subgroups that were adversely affected by exposure to hyperoxia. CONCLUSIONS: No associations were observed between hyperoxia in ICU during the first 24 h and adverse neurological outcome at 6 months in ventilated TBI patients. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12028-020-01033-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7338132/ doi: 10.1007/s12028-020-01033-y id: cord-320572-94fvtj4a author: Wendel Garcia, Pedro David title: Prognostic factors associated with mortality risk and disease progression in 639 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Europe: Initial report of the international RISC-19-ICU prospective observational cohort date: 2020-07-06 words: 5398.0 sentences: 301.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320572-94fvtj4a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320572-94fvtj4a.txt summary: title: Prognostic factors associated with mortality risk and disease progression in 639 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Europe: Initial report of the international RISC-19-ICU prospective observational cohort METHODS: Following the critical developments in ICUs in regions experiencing early inception of the pandemic, the European-based, international RIsk Stratification in COVID-19 patients in the Intensive Care Unit (RISC-19-ICU) registry was created to provide near real-time assessment of patients developing critical illness due to COVID-19. Inclusion criteria for the RISC-19-ICU registry were (I) a laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by nucleic acid amplification according to the WHO-issued testing guidelines [10] , and (II) severe manifestation of COVID-19 requiring treatment in an ICU or intermediate care unit, defined as a hospital ward specialized in the care of critically ill patients with the availability of organ support therapies including invasive mechanical ventilation and/or non-invasive ventilation. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a high disease burden with 10% of confirmed cases progressing towards critical illness. Nevertheless, the disease course and predictors of mortality in critically ill patients are poorly understood. METHODS: Following the critical developments in ICUs in regions experiencing early inception of the pandemic, the European-based, international RIsk Stratification in COVID-19 patients in the Intensive Care Unit (RISC-19-ICU) registry was created to provide near real-time assessment of patients developing critical illness due to COVID-19. FINDINGS: As of April 22, 2020, 639 critically ill patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in the RISC-19-ICU registry. Of these, 398 had deceased or been discharged from the ICU. ICU-mortality was 24%, median length of stay 12 (IQR, 5–21) days. ARDS was diagnosed in 74%, with a minimum P/F-ratio of 110 (IQR, 80–148). Prone positioning, ECCO2R, or ECMO were applied in 57%. Off-label therapies were prescribed in 265 (67%) patients, and 89% of all bloodstream infections were observed in this subgroup (n = 66; RR=3·2, 95% CI [1·7–6·0]). While PCT and IL-6 levels remained similar in ICU survivors and non-survivors throughout the ICU stay (p = 0·35, 0·34), CRP, creatinine, troponin, d-dimer, lactate, neutrophil count, P/F-ratio diverged within the first seven days (p<0·01). On a multivariable Cox proportional-hazard regression model at admission, creatinine, d-dimer, lactate, potassium, P/F-ratio, alveolar-arterial gradient, and ischemic heart disease were independently associated with ICU-mortality. INTERPRETATION: The European RISC-19-ICU cohort demonstrates a moderate mortality of 24% in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Despite high ARDS severity, mechanical ventilation incidence was low and associated with more rescue therapies. In contrast to risk factors in hospitalized patients reported in other studies, the main mortality predictors in these critically ill patients were markers of oxygenation deficit, renal and microvascular dysfunction, and coagulatory activation. Elevated risk of bloodstream infections underscores the need to exercise caution with off-label therapies. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2589537020301930 doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100449 id: cord-299650-lhphdjeu author: Whittle, John title: Persistent hypermetabolism and longitudinal energy expenditure in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 words: 1158.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299650-lhphdjeu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299650-lhphdjeu.txt summary: Longitudinal IC data presented here demonstrate a progressive hypermetabolic phenotype beginning 1 week post-intubation in COVID-19 ICU patients, with significantly greater mREE versus predictive equations or ASPEN-recommended 11-14 kcal/kg ABW for obese subjects used currently to determine energy requirements. Our data support use of standard predictive equations or~20 kcal/kg as a reasonable approximation of mREE in 1st ICU week in COVID-19 patients. These data suggest personalization of nutrition delivery, including IC use [3, 5] , should be considered to provide more accurate assessments of energy expenditure and help guide nutrition delivery in COVID-19 ICU patients. Only the authors and investigators at Duke University participated in design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03286-7 doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03286-7 id: cord-000812-mu5u5bvj author: Wiesen, Jonathan title: Relative cost and outcomes in the intensive care unit of acute lung injury (ALI) due to pandemic influenza compared with other etiologies: a single-center study date: 2012-08-28 words: 4096.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-000812-mu5u5bvj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-000812-mu5u5bvj.txt summary: Based on clinical bedside observations and published reports [4, 5, 8] , we hypothesize that ALI/ARDS secondary to pandemic influenza is associated with similar ICU outcomes but increased resource utilization and higher hospital charges due to the frequent need for rescue interventions and prolonged ventilatory assistance. A Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) database was constructed with a complete listing of the patient''s demographic and clinical information, including age, gender, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), presenting symptoms, past medical history, primary reason for admission to the ICU, vital signs, presence of vasopressors, laboratory values, ventilator settings and respiratory parameters, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores on admission to the MICU, number of intubated days, duration of ICU and hospital stay, mortality, and rescue therapies (namely inhaled nitric oxide, proning, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [ECMO]) [22] . abstract: BACKGROUND: Critical illness due to 2009 H1N1 influenza has been characterized by respiratory complications, including acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and associated with high mortality. We studied the severity, outcomes, and hospital charges of patients with ALI/ARDS secondary to pandemic influenza A infection compared with ALI and ARDS from other etiologies. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted that included patients admitted to the Cleveland Clinic MICU with ALI/ARDS and confirmed influenza A infection, and all patients admitted with ALI/ARDS from any other etiology from September 2009 to March 2010. An itemized list of individual hospital charges was obtained for each patient from the hospital billing office and organized by billing code into a database. Continuous data that were normally distributed are presented as the mean ± SD and were analyzed by the Student’s t test. The chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to evaluate differences in proportions between patient subgroups. Data that were not normally distributed were compared with the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS: Forty-five patients were studied: 23 in the H1N1 group and 22 in the noninfluenza group. Mean ± SD age was similar (44 ± 13 and 51 ± 17 years, respectively, p = 0.15). H1N1 patients had lower APACHE III scores (66 ± 20 vs. 89 ± 32, p = 0.015) and had higher Pplat and PEEP on days 1, 3, and 14. Hospital and ICU length of stay and duration of mechanical ventilation were comparable. SOFA scores over the first 2 weeks in the ICU indicate more severe organ failure in the noninfluenza group (p = 0.017). Hospital mortality was significantly higher in the noninfluenza group (77 vs. 39%, p = 0.016). The noninfluenza group tended to have higher overall charges, including significantly higher cost of blood products in the ICU. CONCLUSIONS: ALI/ARDS secondary to pandemic influenza infection is associated with more severe respiratory compromise but has lower overall acuity and better survival rates than ALI/ARDS due to other causes. Higher absolute charges in the noninfluenza group are likely due to underlying comorbid medical conditions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3503790/ doi: 10.1186/2110-5820-2-41 id: cord-034286-m1c98nv7 author: Wijdicks, Eelco F. M. title: Communicating Neurocritical Illness: The Anatomy of Misunderstanding date: 2020-10-27 words: 3537.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034286-m1c98nv7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034286-m1c98nv7.txt summary: One starting point for those practicing acute neurology and neurocritical care is a new mnemonic TELL ME (Time course, Essence, Laboratory, Life-sustaining interventions, Management, Expectation), which will assist physicians in standardizing their communication skills before they start a conversation or pick up a phone. These include knowing the time course (new and "out of the blue" or ongoing for some time); extracting the essentials (eliminating all irrelevancies); communicating what tests are known and pending (computerized tomography and laboratory); relaying how much critical support will be needed (secretion burden, intubation, vasopressors); knowing fully which emergency drugs have been administered (e.g., mannitol, antiepileptics, tranexamic acid), when transport is anticipated, and what can be expected in the following hours. In any case, improved provider perceptions of transfer workflow efficiency and patient safety may not be enough; communication must also include solutions for active medical problems and an outline of anticipatory guidance ("what if-what then" scenarios) in the event an acute change in clinical condition occurs. abstract: We talk, text, email all day. Do we perceive things correctly? Do we need to improve the way we communicate? It is a truism that providing insufficient information about a patient results in delays and errors in management. How can we best communicate urgent triage or urgent changes in the patient condition? There is no substitute for a face-to-face conversation but what would the receiving end want to know? One starting point for those practicing acute neurology and neurocritical care is a new mnemonic TELL ME (Time course, Essence, Laboratory, Life-sustaining interventions, Management, Expectation), which will assist physicians in standardizing their communication skills before they start a conversation or pick up a phone. These include knowing the time course (new and "out of the blue" or ongoing for some time); extracting the essentials (eliminating all irrelevancies); communicating what tests are known and pending (computerized tomography and laboratory); relaying how much critical support will be needed (secretion burden, intubation, vasopressors); knowing fully which emergency drugs have been administered (e.g., mannitol, antiepileptics, tranexamic acid), when transport is anticipated, and what can be expected in the following hours. Perfect orchestration in communication may be too much to ask, but we neurointensivists strive to convey information accurately and completely. Communication must be taught, learned, and practiced. This article provides guiding principles for a number of scenarios involving communication inside and outside the hospital. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7588280/ doi: 10.1007/s12028-020-01131-x id: cord-253281-95ubt4k1 author: Wilson, Lauren A. title: Return to Normal: Prioritizing Elective Surgeries With Low Resource Utilization date: 2020-05-04 words: 761.0 sentences: 41.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253281-95ubt4k1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253281-95ubt4k1.txt summary: We therefore evaluated intensive care unit (ICU) utilization and mechanical ventilation following common elective surgical procedures to (1) determine which procedures are the least resource intensive and (2) which patient populations are less likely to require postoperative ICU admission or ventilation. Multivariable logistic regression models measured the association between patient age/comorbidity burden as measured by Charlson-Deyo index, 3 and the outcomes of ICU admission and ventilation, to validate the perception that younger and healthier patients are less likely to require these resources. Of the 15 elective surgeries evaluated, cardiac procedures were the most resource intensive with 83.9% of patients admitted to the ICU and 27.9% requiring ventilation, followed by abdominal procedures that had an average ICU admission rate of 20.3%. In almost all procedure cohorts, younger patients with a low comorbidity burden were less likely to require ICU admission and/or ventilation. abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. url: https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000004930 doi: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004930 id: cord-293552-k3wvvnmd author: Yifan, Tang title: Symptom Cluster of ICU nurses treating COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Wuhan, China date: 2020-04-08 words: 947.0 sentences: 63.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293552-k3wvvnmd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293552-k3wvvnmd.txt summary: title: Symptom Cluster of ICU nurses treating COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Wuhan, China Abstract Objective In treating highly infectious COVID-19 pneumonia, ICU nurses face a high risk of developing somatic symptom disorder (SSD). The present study aims to investigate the symptoms and causes of SSD of ICU nurses treating COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods This study enrolled a total of 140 ICU nurses who were selected by Jiangsu Province Hospital to work in Wuhan (the epicenter of the COVID-19 epidemic in China) on 3rd February 2020. A questionnaire "Somatic Symptom Disorders for ICU Nurses in Wuhan No.1 Hospital" was designed based on the "International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health" (ICF). In exploratory factor analysis, the symptoms were classified into three clusters: Cluster A of breathing and sleep disturbances (dizziness, sleepiness, dyspnea); Cluster B of gastrointestinal complaints and pain (nausea, headache), and Cluster C of general symptoms (xerostomia, fatigue, chest-discomfort-and-palpitation). abstract: Abstract Objective In treating highly infectious COVID-19 pneumonia, ICU nurses face a high risk of developing somatic symptom disorder (SSD). The present study aims to investigate the symptoms and causes of SSD of ICU nurses treating COVID-19 pneumonia. The research results are expected to provide evidence for the establishment of a better management strategy. Methods This study enrolled a total of 140 ICU nurses who were selected by Jiangsu Province Hospital to work in Wuhan (the epicenter of the COVID-19 epidemic in China) on 3rd February 2020. A questionnaire “Somatic Symptom Disorders for ICU Nurses in Wuhan No.1 Hospital” was designed based on the “International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health” (ICF). Exploratory factor analysis was performed to cluster the symptoms, and logistic regression analysis to find the risk factors of the symptoms. Results Five major symptoms were chest-discomfort-and-palpitation (31.4%), dyspnea (30.7%), nausea (21.4%), headache (19.3%), and dizziness (17.9%). In exploratory factor analysis, the symptoms were classified into three clusters: Cluster A of breathing and sleep disturbances (dizziness, sleepiness, dyspnea); Cluster B of gastrointestinal complaints and pain (nausea, headache), and Cluster C of general symptoms (xerostomia, fatigue, chest-discomfort-and-palpitation). In Cluster A, urine/feces splash, sex, and sputum splash were independent predictive factors. In Cluster B, fall of protective glasses and urine/feces splash were independent predictive factors. In Cluster C, urine/feces splash and urine/feces clearance were independent predictive factors. Conclusion The ICU nurses in Wuhan showed varying and overlapping SSDs. These SSDs could be classified into three symptom clusters. Based on the characteristics of their SSDs, specific interventions could be implemented to safeguard the health of ICU nurses. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32276095/ doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.03.039 id: cord-337499-jzpgtkai author: Yong Choi, Sung title: Safe surgical tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A protocol based on experiences with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and COVID-19 outbreaks in South Korea date: 2020-06-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: A subset of patients with COVID-19 require intensive respiratory care and tracheostomy. Several guidelines on tracheostomy procedures and care of tracheostomized patients have been introduced. In addition to these guidelines, further details of the procedure and perioperative care would be helpful. The purpose of this study is to describe our experience and tracheostomy protocol for patients with MERS or COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen patients with MERS were admitted to the ICU, 9 (69.2%) of whom underwent surgical tracheostomy. During the COVID-19 outbreak, surgical tracheostomy was performed in one of seven patients with COVID-19. We reviewed related documents and collected information through interviews with healthcare workers who had participated in designing a tracheostomy protocol. RESULTS: Compared with previous guidelines, our protocol consisted of enhanced PPE, simplified procedures (no limitation in the use of electrocautery and wound suction, no stay suture, and delayed cannula change) and a validated screening strategy for healthcare workers. Our protocol allowed for all associated healthcare workers to continue their routine clinical work and daily life. It guaranteed safe return to general patient care without any related complications or nosocomial transmission during the MERS and COVID-19 outbreaks. CONCLUSION: Our protocol and experience with tracheostomies for MERS and COVID-19 may be helpful to other healthcare workers in building an institutional protocol optimized for their own COVID-19 situation. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1368837520302979 doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104861 id: cord-305575-mdy0fcnn author: Zampieri, Fernando Godinho title: How to evaluate intensive care unit performance during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020 words: 976.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305575-mdy0fcnn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305575-mdy0fcnn.txt summary: (5, 9) Of course, many pressing issues may hamper the attempts to measure and improve performance during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the abrupt shift in the ICU case-mix (e.g. increased severity and number of ventilated patients), need for changes in the whole ICU operation due to droplet precautions measures, costs increases due to additional personal protection equipment, and even a reduction of the available staff either due to illness or burnout. This analysis is flexible in the sense it accommodates with different metrics; for example, inputs may include staff levels, available equipment for organ support, number of beds and number of requested admissions (and their respective average illness severity) and outputs can include the number of survivors, mechanical ventilation free-days, ICU-free days, etc. While few data on prognostic scores is available, therefore limiting the use of more traditional metrics, ICUs should focus on measuring indirect performance parameters, especially analyzing case-mix, outcomes, and the rate of adherence to best practices. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-507x.20200040 doi: 10.5935/0103-507x.20200040 id: cord-257325-pvf0uon3 author: Zeitoun, Jean-David title: Impact of Local Care Environment and Social Characteristics on Aggregated Hospital-Fatality Rate from COVID-19 in France: Nationwide Observational Study date: 2020-10-10 words: 2371.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257325-pvf0uon3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257325-pvf0uon3.txt summary: Objectives We aimed to investigate possible differences in aggregated hospital-fatality rate from COVID-19 in France at the early phase of the outbreak, and to determine whether factors related to population or healthcare supply before the pandemic could be associated with outcome differences. After multivariable analysis, four factors were independently associated with a significantly higher aggregated hospital-fatality rate: a higher ICU capacity at baseline (estimate=1.47; p=0.00791), a lower density of general practitioners (estimate=0.95; p=0.0205), a higher fraction of activity from the for-profit private sector (estimate=0.99; p<0.001), and the ratio of people over 75 (estimate=0.91; p=0.0023). Apart from the population, four factors were independently associated with a significantly higher aggregated hospital-fatality rate from Covid-19: a higher ICU capacity at baseline (estimate=1.47; p=0.00791), a lower density of general practitioners (estimate=0.95; p=0.0205), a higher fraction of activity from the for-profit private sector (estimate=0.99; p<0.001) and the ratio of people over 75 (estimate=0.91; p=0.0023). abstract: Objectives We aimed to investigate possible differences in aggregated hospital-fatality rate from COVID-19 in France at the early phase of the outbreak, and to determine whether factors related to population or healthcare supply before the pandemic could be associated with outcome differences. Study design Nationwide observational study including all French hospitals from January 24, 2020 to April 11, 2020. Methods We analysed aggregated hospital-fatality rate. A Poisson regression was performed to investigate associations between characteristics pertaining to populational health, socioeconomic context and local healthcare supply at baseline, and the chosen outcome. Results On April 11, 2020, a total number of 30 960 patients were hospitalized among the 3 046 French healthcare facilities, including 6 832 patients in intensive care unit (ICU). A total of 8 581 deaths due to Covid-19 had been recorded, with a median mortality rate per 10 000 people per department of 0.53 (IQR: 0.29-1.90). There were significant variations between the 95 French departments even after adjusting on outbreak inception (p<0.001). After multivariable analysis, four factors were independently associated with a significantly higher aggregated hospital-fatality rate: a higher ICU capacity at baseline (estimate=1.47; p=0.00791), a lower density of general practitioners (estimate=0.95; p=0.0205), a higher fraction of activity from the for-profit private sector (estimate=0.99; p<0.001), and the ratio of people over 75 (estimate=0.91; p=0.0023). Conclusions Aggregated hospital-fatality rate from COVID-19 in France seems to vary among geographic areas, with some factors pertaining to local healthcare supply being associated with outcome. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033350620304340?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.09.015 id: cord-283780-h4lwzpl9 author: Zhang, John J Y title: Risk Factors of Severe Disease and Efficacy of Treatment in Patients Infected with COVID-19: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression Analysis date: 2020-05-14 words: 3118.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283780-h4lwzpl9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283780-h4lwzpl9.txt summary: title: Risk Factors of Severe Disease and Efficacy of Treatment in Patients Infected with COVID-19: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression Analysis We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all published studies up to March 15, 2020 which reported COVID-19 clinical features and/or treatment outcomes. To address this gap in the literature, we conducted a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression to 1) investigate the predictive value of laboratory investigations for severe disease and adverse outcomes, and 2) evaluate the efficacy of antivirals and corticosteroids for COVID-19. Among the patients with antiviral use reported in our meta-analysis, overall rates of mortality, ICU admission and ARDS were 5.7%, 11.8% and 20.2%, respectively. Our meta-analysis suggested that the use of corticosteroids is associated with disease severity (ICU admission) and higher ARDS rates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of COVID-19 to describe specific laboratory predictors of severe disease and adverse outcomes. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spread globally in the beginning of 2020. At present, predictors of severe disease and the efficacy of different treatments are not well-understood. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all published studies up to March 15, 2020 which reported COVID-19 clinical features and/or treatment outcomes. 45 studies reporting 4203 patients were included. Pooled rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mortality and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were 10.9%, 4.3% and 18.4%, respectively. On meta-regression, ICU admission was predicted by raised leukocyte count (p<0.0001), raised alanine aminotransferase (p=0.024), raised aspartate transaminase (p=0.0040), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p<0.0001) and increased procalcitonin (p<0.0001). ARDS was predicted by elevated LDH (p<0.0001), while mortality was predicted by raised leukocyte count (p=0.0005) and elevated LDH (p<0.0001). Treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir showed no significant benefit in mortality and ARDS rates. Corticosteroids were associated with a higher rate of ARDS (p=0.0003). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32407459/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa576 id: cord-296511-y2vhh6oq author: Zhang, YiMin title: Prevalence and characteristics of hypoxic hepatitis in the largest single-centre cohort of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus-infected patients with severe liver impairment in the intensive care unit date: 2016-01-06 words: 3844.0 sentences: 241.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296511-y2vhh6oq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296511-y2vhh6oq.txt summary: title: Prevalence and characteristics of hypoxic hepatitis in the largest single-centre cohort of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus-infected patients with severe liver impairment in the intensive care unit 9 Hence, HH is likely one possible cause of severe liver impairment in A(H7N9)-infected patients with respiratory failure. Patients who met all of the following criteria were diagnosed as having HH according to previous reports 7, 8, 12 : (i) a massive but transient elevated ALT level (more than 20-fold the upper limit of normal (ULN)), (ii) the presence of respiratory, cardiac or circulatory failure and (iii) exclusion of other causes of liver injury. The extent of Hypoxic hepatitis in A(H7N9)-infected patients Y Zhang et al 2 ALT elevation was considerably higher in HH patients than in non-HH patients with liver injury (on admission, 1079.50 6 41.72 U/L vs. 8 H7N9 influenza-infected patients with chronic heart disease accompanying acute heart failure are at elevated risk of severe liver damage. abstract: Avian influenza A(H7N9) virus (A(H7N9)) emerged in February 2013. Liver impairment of unknown cause is present in 29% of patients with A(H7N9) infection, some of whom experience severe liver injury. Hypoxic hepatitis (HH) is a type of acute severe liver injury characterized by an abrupt, massive increase in serum aminotransferases resulting from anoxic centrilobular necrosis of liver cells. In the intensive care unit (ICU), the prevalence of HH is ∼1%–2%. Here, we report a 1.8% (2/112) incidence of HH in the largest single-centre cohort of ICU patients with A(H7N9) infection. Both HH patients presented with multiple organ failure (MOF) involving respiratory, cardiac, circulatory and renal failure and had a history of chronic heart disease. On admission, severe liver impairment was found. Peak alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values were 937 and 1281 U/L, and 3117 and 3029 U/L, respectively, in the two patients. Unfortunately, both patients died due to deterioration of MOF. A post-mortem biopsy in case 1 confirmed the presence of centrilobular necrosis of the liver, and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of A(H7N9)-specific genes was negative, which excluded A(H7N9)-related hepatitis. The incidence of HH in A(H7N9) patients is similar to that in ICU patients with other aetiologies. It seems that patients with A(H7N9) infection and a history of chronic heart disease with a low left ventricular ejection fraction on admission are susceptible to HH, which presents as a marked elevation in ALT at the time of admission. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26733380/ doi: 10.1038/emi.2016.1 id: cord-305213-bt0qsbyf author: Zhou, Jian title: Epidemiological and clinical features of 201 COVID-19 patients in Changsha city, Hunan, China date: 2020-08-21 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: In December 2019, a cluster of coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The present study was conducted to report the clinical characteristics of 201 COVID-19 patients in Changsha, China, a city outside of Wuhan. All of the patients with confirmed COVID-19 were admitted to the First Hospital of Changsha City, the designated hospital for COVID-19 assigned by the Changsha City Government. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics, data of laboratory, radiological picture, treatment, and outcomes records of 201 COVID-19 patients were collected using electronic medical records. This study population consisted of 201 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in Changsha by April 28, 2020. The median age of the patients was 45 years (IQR 34–59). About half (50.7%) of the patients were male, and most of the infected patients were staff (96 [47.8%]). Concerning the epidemiologic history, the number of patients linked to Wuhan was 92 (45.8%). The most common symptoms were fever (125 [62.2%]), dry cough (118 [58.7%]), fatigue (65 [32.3%]), and pharyngalgia (31 [15.4%]). One hundred and forty-four (71.6%) enrolled patients showed bilateral pneumonia. Fifty-four (26.9%) patients showed unilateral involvement, and three (1.5%) patients showed no abnormal signs or symptoms. The laboratory findings differed significantly between the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and non-ICU groups. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients had depressed white blood cell (WBC), neutrocytes, lymphocytes, and prolonged prothrombin time (PT). Moreover, higher plasma levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), alanine aminotransferase (ALA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), creatinine (CREA), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were detected in the ICU group. In this single-center study of 201 COVID-19 patients in Changsha, China, 22.4% of patients were admitted to ICU. Based on our findings, we propose that the risk of cellular immune deficiency, hepatic injury, and kidney injury should be monitored. Previous reports focused on the clinical features of patients from Wuhan, China. With the global epidemic of COVID-19, we should pay more attention to the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients outside of Wuhan. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000021824 doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000021824 id: cord-011189-c0ytamge author: da Fonseca Pestana Ribeiro, Jose Mauro title: Less empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics is more in the ICU date: 2019-11-27 words: 1621.0 sentences: 81.0 pages: flesch: 29.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011189-c0ytamge.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011189-c0ytamge.txt summary: The real impact of MDRs on the outcomes of ICU patients is debatable, but despite this controversy, the incidence of MDRs is related to poor quality-of-care, as an expression of reduced compliance to hand hygiene [14] , and a high burden of antibiotic exposure [15] . De-escalation decreases the time of antibiotic use, but a short exposure still exists; in this way, a single antibiotic dose may be enough to treat severe infections such as Fig. 1 Two different mindsets in the decision making process to initiate antibiotics to critically ill patients who are getting worse. Empiric antibiotic treatment reduces mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock from the first hour: results from a guideline-based performance improvement program Aggressive versus conservative initiation of antimicrobial treatment in critically ill surgical patients with suspected intensivecare-unit-acquired infection: a quasi-experimental, before and after observational cohort study abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223771/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-019-05863-z id: cord-277248-7qnymo98 author: dos Reis, Helena Lucia Barroso title: Severe coronavirus infection in pregnancy: challenging cases report date: 2020-07-13 words: 2806.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277248-7qnymo98.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277248-7qnymo98.txt summary: This is a report of three cases of COVID-19 confirmed by real-time reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal secretions collected in swabs from pregnant women in the city of Vitoria, Espirito Santo State, Brazil. This study reports three cases of COVID-19 comprising pregnant women with severe respiratory failure and evaluates the clinical management of COVID-19 infection in obstetric clinics in Vitoria, Espirito Santo State, Brazil. The newborns were premature in two of the three cases due to the need to perform the C-section, but none of the newborns presented symptoms of infection, and all three tested negative for COVID-19 using RT-PCR that tested nasopharyngeal secretions. An analysis of 38 Pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes abstract: There are few data on the impact of COVID-19 in pregnancy, however, analyzing these data is important to guide the clinical practice, covering the early prevention, detection, patients’ isolation, epidemiological investigation, diagnosis and early treatment. This is a report of three cases of COVID-19 confirmed by real-time reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal secretions collected in swabs from pregnant women in the city of Vitoria, Espirito Santo State, Brazil. In the three cases, all the patients presented with fever, one had shortness of breath, one had diarrhea, two of them reported abdominal pain and two of them had cough. The three patients progressed with a severe clinical evolution of COVID-19. The permanence in the intensive care unit (ICU) was more than 10 days. Two of them recovered and one remained in the ICU with irreversible refractory shock, multiple organ failure and died. The mode of delivery was individualized and based on the obstetric indication and severity of the maternal infection, and the cesarean section was indicated in the two severe maternal COVID-19 cases that evolved favorably. These newborns were premature and tested negative for COVID-19 by RT-PCR. url: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202062049 doi: 10.1590/s1678-9946202062049 id: cord-003532-lcgeingz author: nan title: 39th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium, 19-22 March 2019 date: 2019-03-19 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6423782/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-019-2358-0 id: cord-005497-w81ysjf9 author: nan title: 40th International Symposium on Intensive Care & Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 24-27 March 2020 date: 2020-03-24 words: 103623.0 sentences: 6176.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005497-w81ysjf9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005497-w81ysjf9.txt summary: The positive NC group had more plasma transfusion (p-value 0.03) and a lower median hematocrit at 24 hrs (p-value 0.013), but similar hospital length of stay (p=0.17) and mortality rate (p=0.80) Conclusions: NC at ICU admission identifies subclinical AKI in TBI patients and it maight be used to predictclinical AKI. In patients with pneumonia requiring intensive care (ICU) admission, we hypothesise that abnormal right ventricular (RV) function is associated with an increased 90-day mortality. The objective of this study was to describe the incidence of each AKI stages as defined by KDIGO definition (with evaluation of urine output, serum creatinine and initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT)), in a mixed medical and surgical population of patients hospitalized in ICU and PCU over a 10-year period (2008-2018). This study aimed at investigating the relationship of goal-directed energy and protein adequacy on clinical outcomes which includes mortality, intensive care unit(ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS), and length of mechanical ventilation (LOMV). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7092506/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-2772-3 id: cord-005646-xhx9pzhj author: nan title: 2nd World Congress on Pediatric Intensive Care 1996 Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 23–26 June 1996 Abstracts of Oral Presentations, Posters and Nursing Programme date: 1996 words: 72031.0 sentences: 4734.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005646-xhx9pzhj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005646-xhx9pzhj.txt summary: Aims and methods The aim of both a prospective and retrospective survey conducted in German pediatric intensive care units in 1993 was to accumulate data on the epidemiology, risk factors, natural history and treatment strategies in a large group of pediatric ARDS patients who were treated in the tt~ee year period from 1991 to 1993.All patients had acute bilateral alveolar infiltration of noncardiogenic origin and a pO2~iO2 ratio < 150mmHg. The influence of sex, underlying disease and single organ failure was analyzed using the Fischer''s exact test, the influence of additional organ failure on mortality was tested with the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszet statistics. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095092/ doi: 10.1007/bf02316512 id: cord-005727-li8pwigg author: nan title: ESICM 2010 MONDAY SESSIONS 11 October 2010 date: 2010-08-31 words: 102770.0 sentences: 6408.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005727-li8pwigg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005727-li8pwigg.txt summary: Since, continuous epidural analgesia provides the required level of analgesia to support early mobilization and significant reduction in pulmonary and cardiovascular morbidity in the early postoperative period, we postulated that the use of low dose of continuous epidural morphine might improve postoperative analgesia and reduce undesirable side effects in elderly patientsTherefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of morphine administered via epidural patients controlled analgesia and intravenous tramadol + metamizol on postoperative pain control and side effects in elderly patients after major abdominal surgery. For each ventilated patient the following data was registered:Age, APACHE II, the reason of admission, risk factors, use NIV, MV duration, timing of tracheostomy, time of diagnosis of VAP, microbiological data, length of stay and mortality in ICU. 23rd ESICM ANNUAL CONGRESS -BARCELONA, SPAIN -9-13 OCTOBER 2010 S131 Evaluated factors: patient characteristics, signs, symptoms, abscess location, time between symptoms and hospital admission and surgery, lab results, microbiology, antibiotic therapy, APACHE2, SAPS2, SOFA, length of ICU stay, surgical re-intervention, duration of mechanical ventilation, infectious complications, critical illness myopathy (CIM), renal replacement therapy (RRT), re-intubation, tracheotomy, mortality. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095301/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-010-1999-x id: cord-005777-6rvfsx4p author: nan title: PS 0420-0716 date: 2007-08-25 words: 59217.0 sentences: 3634.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005777-6rvfsx4p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005777-6rvfsx4p.txt summary: We prospectively recorded data of all patients who were newly diagnosed with AF and all those with a septic shock on a surgical ICU (no cardiac surgery) during a one year period according to the requirements of the local ethical committee. Our aim was to evaluate the predictive role of admission APACHE II, admission and total maximum SOFA score, hypoalbuminemia, increased serum creatinine, C-reactive protein, lactate, and serum blood glucose for the 30-day mortality of septic patients admitted to medical ICU. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical presentation and to evaluate mortality associated factors (timing and accurancy of diagnosis, timing of surgery, severity score and organ failure, surgical and medical treatments). Data were extracted independently to assess intention to treat intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital mortality, days of mechanical ventilation, length of stay, incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and pneumothorax, and associated complications of the implemented intervention. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095424/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-007-0823-8 id: cord-005814-ak5pq312 author: nan title: 8th European Congress of Intensive Care Medicine Athens - Greece, October 18–22, 1995 Abstracts date: 1995 words: 179164.0 sentences: 12028.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt summary: Results: In 5 patients with treated SS, 16 tests were performed (VL n=8; Dobu n=4; NA n=4 Method: Septic shock was defined as severe sepsis with either persistent hypotension (mean arterial pressure; MAP<70 mmHg) or the requirement for a noradrenaline (NA) infusion ~> 0.1 ~g/kg/min with a MAP _< 90mmHg. Cardiovascular support was limited to NA + dobutamine (DB), 546C88 was administered for up to 8 h at a fixed dose-rate of either i, 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg/h iv. Methods: Fourteen cases were s~udied,their gestational age ranged from(27-32)ws.Continnous positive air way pressure was applied to six cases at Peep level from (3-6)cm H2o through nasal pronge,(group I),the other 8 cases were managed as routine,(group II).Blood gases, TcPO2,TcCo2,resp.rate,depth and pattern were monitored for assessment of tissue Oxygenation and ventilation, Results: Our rasults showed that early application of CPAP improve ventilation among (83.3%)of cases,while (16.7%)of cases need IMV.The cases of group II need IMV among (75%)of the studied cases during the second or the third day of life. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095534/ doi: 10.1007/bf02426401 id: cord-005816-i54q5gsu author: nan title: 10(th) European Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery: May 13–17, 2009 Antalya, Turkey date: 2009-08-06 words: 83124.0 sentences: 5617.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005816-i54q5gsu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005816-i54q5gsu.txt summary: Several factors such as the initial lack of symptoms, a low diagnostic sensitivity of the CT (34% false negatives), and the nonoperative management of solid organ injuries, have contributed to a delayed diagnosis in one of every five patients in our series, but this has not led to a significant increase in septic complications in this group. Method: The demographic features, the treatments, the intensity of the illness and mortality rate of the 155 patients in Afyon Kocatepe University General Surgery clinic between the years 2006 Background: Enterocutaneous fistula continues to be a serious surgical problem. Introduction: In our previous study, we examined the treatment results of burn patients older than 45 years, and found a significant increase in mortality with increasing age groups. Methods: Data on emergency surgical cases and admissions to the surgical service over a 3-month period were collected and analyzed; this included patient demographics, referral sources, diagnosis, operation, and length of stay (LOS Conclusion: Emergency workload represents a significant part of the work for the general surgeons. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095784/ doi: 10.1007/s00068-009-8001-z id: cord-005881-oswgjaxz author: nan title: Abstracts: 11(th) European Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery May 15–18, 2010 Brussels, Belgium date: 2010 words: 71955.0 sentences: 4561.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005881-oswgjaxz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005881-oswgjaxz.txt summary: Prospective case series with historical control group.(Level III) Results: Preliminary data indicate: *a shorter time on ventilator than anticipated (based on comparisson to historical data) * a shorter time on ICU * less pneumoniae * no intra-operative complications * good healing results of the rib fractures * no implant failures * acceptable pain scores * good overal satisfaction * acceptable cosmetic results Conclusion: Internal fixation of rib fractures (flair chest or multiple sequential fractures with pulmonary function compromise) results in a earlier recuperation of pulmonary function with shortened ICU stay. (Regional Association Sanitary Emergencies) Material and Methods: The ARES, whose members are about 600, all over the nation, is configured as an extraordinary health resource, activated by the National Civil Defence operations centre, in according with the Regional centre of Marche, in disater situations Results: The main objectives of ARES are training and organization of medical staff and structures and its growth crosses several missions including: AE Earthquake in Molise, 2002 Introduction: Cephalomedullary nails rely on a large lag screw that provides fixation into the femoral head. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095891/ doi: 10.1007/s00068-010-8888-z id: cord-006182-kck5e1ry author: nan title: 17th Annual Meeting, Neurocritical Care Society, October 15–18, 2019, Vancouver, Canada date: 2019-10-01 words: 87645.0 sentences: 4817.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006182-kck5e1ry.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006182-kck5e1ry.txt summary: The primary objective of COGiTATE (CppOpt GuIded Therapy Assessment of Target Effectiveness) is to demonstrate feasibility of individualising CPP at CPPopt in TBI patients, expressed as the percentage of monitoring time for which CPP is within 5 mmHg of regularly updated CPPopt targets during the first 5 days of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. Neurocritical care has become increasingly subspecialized.Yet, due to limited availability of dedicated Neurocritical Care units (NCCUs), often patients may need to be admitted to ICUs other than NCCUs. This survey based study was conducted to explore self-reported knowledge in recognizing and managing some common neurological emergencies such as stroke, status epilepticus, raised intracranial pressure etc among critical care nurses at a Comprehensive Stroke Center. Coagulation factor Xa (recombinant), inactivated-Xa inhibitor associated life--factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) was utilized offRetrospective, single center, cohort study including adult intracranial hemorrhage patients who received discharge between efficacy (defined by International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis criteria), thrombotic events, ICU and hospital length of stay, and mortality. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7100118/ doi: 10.1007/s12028-019-00857-7 id: cord-006869-g2q1gpp0 author: nan title: Neurocritical Care Society 7th Annual Meeting date: 2009-10-08 words: 45395.0 sentences: 2661.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006869-g2q1gpp0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006869-g2q1gpp0.txt summary: This was a pilot study to compare the cerebral neurochemical changes in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who underwent conventional blood glucose level (BGL) control and intensive BGL control with continuous titrated insulin. We studied 14 comatose SAH patients who underwent multimodality neuromonitoring with intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral microdialysis, and brain tissue oxygen (PbtO 2 ) as part of their clinical care. We studied 46 consecutive comatose patients with subarachnoid or intracerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, or cardiac arrest who underwent cerebral microdialysis and intracranial pressure monitoring.Continuous insulin infusion was used to maintain target serum glucose levels of 80-120 mg/dl. This suggests that risk of cerebral vasospasm following traumatic brain injury is increased not only in subarachnoid hemorrhage, but also intraparenchymal hemorrhage, and that Rotterdam CT score may be a useful metric for assessing risk of csPTV in severe TBI patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103236/ doi: 10.1007/s12028-009-9282-0 id: cord-006870-f5w6fw6q author: nan title: Abstracts Presented at the Neurocritical Care Society (NCS) 15th Annual Meeting date: 2017-09-19 words: 122221.0 sentences: 6828.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006870-f5w6fw6q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006870-f5w6fw6q.txt summary: Subjective perceptions of recovery were assessed via responses to the forced-choice dichotomized question, "Do you feel that you have made a complete recovery from the arrest?"Objective outcome measures of recovery included: Repeatable Battery for Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Modified Lawton Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (L-ADL), Barthel Index (BI), Cerebral Performance Category Scale (CPC), Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D), and Post traumatic stress disorder-checklist (PTSD-C). Utilizing data from the Citicoline Brain Injury Treatment (COBRIT) trial, a prospective multicenter study, we identified 224 patients who met the inclusion criteria; 1) placement of an ICP monitoring device, 2) Glasgow coma score (GCS) less than 9, 3) EVD placement prior to arrival or within 6 hours of arrival at the study institution. The objective of this study was to examine the incidence rates of pre-specified medical and neurological ICU complications, and their impact on post-traumatic in-hospital mortality and 12month functional outcomes. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103238/ doi: 10.1007/s12028-017-0465-9 id: cord-006876-v2m5l5wz author: nan title: Neurocritical Care Society 14(th) Annual Meeting date: 2016-08-11 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103251/ doi: 10.1007/s12028-016-0301-7 id: cord-006880-9dgmdtj8 author: nan title: Neurocritical Care Society 10th Annual Meeting: October 4 - 7, 2012 Sheraton Denver Downtown Hotel Denver, Colorado date: 2012-09-19 words: 82351.0 sentences: 4528.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006880-9dgmdtj8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006880-9dgmdtj8.txt summary: Patients initially comatose after cardiac arrest treated who awoke after therapeutic hypothermia (TH) were evaluated by a neuropsychologist prior to hospital discharge with the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), a well-validated tool that assesses function in multiple domains compared to standardized normal values. Clinical data including the pre-admission-status, neuroradiological, initial presentation, treatment, and outcome were evaluated through institutional databases, patient''s medical charts and by mailed questionnaires. To determine the differences in hospital outcomes among adult mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients where the severity of TBI is defined by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score. Retrospective chart analysis was performed on all adult patients arriving to emergency department with history of fall at a level one trauma center for parameters like vomiting, alteration of consciousness (AOC) & loss of consciousness (LOC) after TBI; post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) and history of seizures before or after injury, along with outcomes such as ICU admission & ICU length of stay. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103259/ doi: 10.1007/s12028-012-9775-0 id: cord-010980-sizuef1v author: nan title: ECTES Abstracts 2020 date: 2020-05-11 words: 132644.0 sentences: 8727.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt summary: We hypothesized that presentation to a PTC would yield increased mortality when subspecialty intervention was required and that this would be most pronounced at night when in-house attending coverage is absent at all state PTCs. Materials and methods: A review of the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcome Study (PTOS) database was performed to capture patients aged 12-18 who underwent any non-orthopedic trauma surgery. Traumatic subaxial cervical fractures: functional prognostic factors and survival analysis Introduction: The main goal of this study is to identify the risk factors for poor functional outcomes and to analyze the overall survival (OS) and complications rate in patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) and subaxial cervical fracture (SACF) treated with open surgical fixation. After applying a multiple imputation on all the study variables, a logistic regression generalized estimating equation after adjustment for age, sex, mechanism of trauma, and the injury severity score as covariates and hospitals as a cluster assessed an association between quartile of patient volume in intensive care unit and hospital mortality. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223217/ doi: 10.1007/s00068-020-01343-y id: cord-014670-e31g8lns author: nan title: Poster Sessions 313-503 date: 2004-10-05 words: 28575.0 sentences: 1706.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-014670-e31g8lns.txt txt: ./txt/cord-014670-e31g8lns.txt summary: Over a 12-month period patients who needed reintubation after successful trial of weaning and planned extubation, in a polyvalent intensive care unit (ICU) were identified.Data including clinical features (age, sex, SAPS II on admission, Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) on day of extubation, type of patient, length of intubation and mechanical ventilation (MV) before extubation, length of ICU stay (LOS), ICU and hospital mortality) were collected.Moreover we considered two parameters that asses airway patency and protection like predictors of EF:cough strength and suctioning frequency after extubation.Cough strength on command was measured with a semiobjective scale of 0 to 5 (0= weak cough, 5= strong cough). (3/23)(13.2%), pulmonary embolism(1/23)(4.3%)and severe sepsis(1/23)(4.3%).Seven of patients who received reintubation a cause of defective airway manage needed at least one suctioning every two hours; moreover the same patients and other three with alteration in neurological function had weak cough (grade 0 to 2).The LOS of EF patients was 23±24.3 days, their ICU and hospital mortality were 39.1% and 47.8%, respectively, both higher when compared with not reintubated patients.Results of logistic regression showed that SAPS II is the only independent risk-factor of reintubation (odds ratio 1.056, sig. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7079826/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-004-2406-2 id: cord-014987-nycbjqn6 author: nan title: OP 0364-0412 date: 2006-08-24 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7094891/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-006-0318-z id: cord-014996-p6q0f37c author: nan title: Posters_Monday_12 October 2009 date: 2009-08-06 words: 85190.0 sentences: 5288.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-014996-p6q0f37c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-014996-p6q0f37c.txt summary: Data recorded on admission were the patient demographics with, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score (APACHE II), and type of admission; during intensive care stay, sepsis-related organ failure assessment score (SOFA) and clinical concomitant factors and conditions. For each severe septic patient the following data was registered: time delay, APACHE II and SOFA scores at ICU admission, diagnosis, the rate of compliance with the resucitation and management bundles, microbiological data, evolution of levels of serum lactate, empiric antibiotic therapy, length of stay and mortality in ICU. Sepsis and septic shock remain the most important causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients and account for more than 50% of cases of acute renal failure (ARF) in intensive care units (ICU). There were no significant differences between the demographic data (sex, age) or the data on admission to intensive care (APACHE II score, ratio of medical to surgical patients) and duration of mechanical ventilation between the two groups. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7094934/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-009-1593-2 id: cord-015021-pol2qm74 author: nan title: Third International Congress on the Immune Consequences of Trauma, Shock and Sepsis —Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches date: 1994 words: 162327.0 sentences: 9379.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-015021-pol2qm74.txt txt: ./txt/cord-015021-pol2qm74.txt summary: It is our current understanding that LPS is responsible for many of the pathophysiological events observed during gramnegative infections and that one of the major mechanisms leading to shock and death is the LPS-induced activation of macrophages resulting in the production and release of lipid and peptide mediators, among which tumor necrosis factor seems to be the most important. However plasma IL-6 estimation revealed a statistically significant reduction at 6 hours in tanrine-treated animals compared to glycino and TW controls ( Objective: To evaluate the effects of allogeneic blood transfusion, thermal injury and bacterial garage on interteukin 4 (IL-4), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) production and host mortality and to study if the administration of thymopentth (THY) could affect these events. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095072/ doi: 10.1007/bf02258437 id: cord-015024-2xzc0uc5 author: nan title: ESICM 2010 WEDNESDAY SESSIONS 13 October 2010 date: 2010-08-31 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095088/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-010-2001-7 id: cord-015061-pl5ag6zz author: nan title: Editor’s picks, 2011–2012: fifteen articles in open access in Intensive Care Medicine date: 2013-10-23 words: 1482.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-015061-pl5ag6zz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-015061-pl5ag6zz.txt summary: [2] In a retrospective study, IPA was diagnosed in as many as 23 % of critically ill patients with severe H1N1 virus infection at a median of 3 days after ICU admission! [3] In neutropenic critically ill patients with severe abdominal condition at ICU admission, b-d-glucan [259 pg/mL with a positive Candida albicans germ tube antibody accurately differentiated Candida colonization from deep-seated candidiasis. Contrast-associated acute kidney injury occurs in one out of six ICU patients who undergo a contrast-enhanced noncoronary radiography examination and is associated with worse short-and long-term outcomes (i.e., renal replacement therapy, kidney function at discharge, increased length of ICU and hospital stays, and mortality). Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a frequent complication of critically ill H1N1 patients: a retrospective study Characteristics and determinants of outcome of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in intensive care units: the EUROBACT International Cohort Study abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095236/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-013-3140-4 id: cord-015082-l629n8is author: nan title: Poster Sessions 323-461 date: 2002-08-29 words: 26569.0 sentences: 1648.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-015082-l629n8is.txt txt: ./txt/cord-015082-l629n8is.txt summary: 14 patients awaiting urgent cardiac surgical re-vascularisation were studied with measurement of: spirometry; percentage increase in transfer factor from sitting to lying position (TF) as an indicator of micro-vascular lung disease; overnight oximetry on air; and 24hour holter monitoring Patients, who were reintubated on decreased indices of arterial oxygenation under MOSF progressing died in 100% cases ( NIMV is effective method in complex therapy of ARF, developing in postoperative period after cardiac surgery, that leads to significant improvement of lungs biomechanics and gases change function. In a prospective observational study we performed bedside ptO2 measurements in 8 patients with sepsis/septic shock to gain insight in ptO2 values and their dynamic changes related to the course of the illness, as well as investigating the practical applicability of tissue oxygen measurement in the ICU setting. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095316/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-002-1455-7 id: cord-015090-n6f4xupw author: nan title: PS 339-563 date: 2005-09-10 words: 26280.0 sentences: 1560.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-015090-n6f4xupw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-015090-n6f4xupw.txt summary: We designed this study to examine the effects of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) with and without BAL on body temperature, systemic arterial pressure, heart rate and supportive therapies requirements in mechanically ventilated patients. Clinical characteristics (Glasgow scale, heart rate, systolic blood pressure), cardiac enzymes (troponin I, total serum creatine kinase and myocardial isoenzyme, myoglobin), ECG changes (ST-T changes, prolonged QT and corrected QT intervals), echocardiographic assessment of cardiac function (left ventricular ejection fraction, hypokinesia) were studied on the day of the admission. It is a prospective study performed during 12 months of the patients with brain trauma admitted in a 24-beds medical-surgical ICU of a 650-beds university hospital. This prospective observational study included 200 adult patients admitted to a 31-bed university hospital medical-surgical ICU during a 3-month period. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095344/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-005-2780-4 id: cord-015126-cyhcbk1j author: nan title: PS 0036-0344 date: 2007-08-25 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095535/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-007-0820-y id: cord-015372-76xvzvdg author: nan title: National scientific medical meeting 1996 abstracts date: 1996 words: 36596.0 sentences: 2204.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-015372-76xvzvdg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-015372-76xvzvdg.txt summary: One, two and five-year survival rates were examined; age at diagnosis and lesion type were extremely significant factors in relation to patient outcome. Patients'' age, sex, risk group, CDC stage, CD4 count, indication for therapy, complication rate and response to treatment are described. Fifty-eight patients (34 male, 24 female) ranging in age from 15 to 65 years (Mean + SD = 28.4 + 10.8) were included in the study. Among these 48 patients (mean age 68.0+12.7), after controlling for age and for the duration and continuity of subsequent antipsychotic treatment, increasing duration of initially untreated psychosis was associated with greater severity of negative symptoms (p<0.005) and with lower scores on the MMSE (p<0.05) but not with executive dysfunction on the EXIT (p=0.3). Conclusion Although not a population based study, care of IDDM in Ireland is almost totally hospital clinic based Cigarette smoking is identified as the major problem to be addressed Patients with diabetes meltitus (DM) are at a higher risk of developing vascular complications, including coronary artery disease (CAD). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103226/ doi: 10.1007/bf02945204 id: cord-022501-9wnmdvg5 author: nan title: P1460 – P1884 date: 2015-12-28 words: 128256.0 sentences: 7808.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022501-9wnmdvg5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022501-9wnmdvg5.txt summary: Methods: Using published data on (1) the prevalence of MRSA and other bacterial pathogens causing cSSSI in the US, (2) the in-vitro susceptibility rates of commonly used regimens in cSSSI in the US in relation to the most pervasive pathogens identified above, and (3) estimated costs of failure of initial, empiric treatment from a recent study of a large US multi-hospital database, we developed a model to predict the expected clinical and economic impact of increasing prevalence of MRSA. Small outbreaks of VEB-1 ESBL producing Acinetobacter baumannii in Belgian nursing homes and hospitals through cross-border transfer of patients from northern France Methods: From 01/04 to 03/05, all Belgian acute hospitals were invited to report cases of nosocomial infections/colonisations due to MDR Ab isolates presenting a resistance profile similar to the French epidemic strain (resistance to all agents except carbapenems and colistin) and to send such isolates to the reference laboratory for phenotypic confirmation and for genotypic characterization (PCR of VEB-1 and class 1 Integron, PFGE typing). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7157935/ doi: 10.1111/j.1470-9465.2006.12_4_1431.x id: cord-022633-fr55uod6 author: nan title: SAEM Abstracts, Plenary Session date: 2012-04-26 words: 147405.0 sentences: 8927.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022633-fr55uod6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022633-fr55uod6.txt summary: Staff satisfaction was evaluated through pre/ post-shift and study surveys; administrative data (physician initial assessment (PIA), length of stay (LOS), patients leaving without being seen (LWBS) and against medical advice [LAMA] ) were collected from an electronic, real-time ED information system. Communication Background: The link between extended shift lengths, sleepiness, and occupational injury or illness has been shown, in other health care populations, to be an important and preventable public health concern but heretofore has not been fully described in emergency medical services (EMS Objectives: To assess the effect of an ED-based computer screening and referral intervention for IPV victims and to determine what characteristics resulted in a positive change in their safety. Objectives: Using data from longitudinal surveys by the American Board of Emergency Medicine, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate if resident self-assessments of performance in required competencies improve over the course of graduate medical training and in the years following. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7159364/ doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2012.01332.x id: cord-023592-w96h4rir author: nan title: Abstracts cont. date: 2015-12-28 words: 67857.0 sentences: 4136.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-023592-w96h4rir.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023592-w96h4rir.txt summary: Conclusions: Although the risk of developing more serious gastric lesions increased as the number of virulence factor genes are accumulated in a given Hp strain, we did not find any significant differences or relationship in the cagA, vacA or babA2 status between the Hp isolates from patients with gastritis or peptic ulcer in this study. pneumophila at the serogroup level, it was used in two different outbreaks to demonstrate rapidly the identity of the sequences between strains responsible for severe human infection and those isolated in the hot water reservoir, suggesting a common origin. To determine the antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella and Shigella strains isolated from stool specimens during a 2-year period, from patients admitted to our clinics with a diagnosis of diarrhoea. In our study the susceptibility of 65 bacterial strains isolated in hospital environment (colonising or infecting patients or carried by German cockroaches) to antibiotics and chemical disinfectants was determined. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7172567/ doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2004.0902c.x id: cord-255256-8uckmya4 author: nan title: Akzeptierte Abstracts für die COVID-19-bedingt abgesagte DGIIN/ÖGIAIN-Jahrestagung 2020 date: 2020-08-18 words: 3525.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255256-8uckmya4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255256-8uckmya4.txt summary: High to low bicarbonate replacement fluid switch in alkalotic patients during continuous venovenous hemofiltration with regional citrate anticoagulation-a retrospective single centre analysis Goal of the study: The aim of our study was to compare the replacement fluids (RF) Phoxilium (30 mmol/ l HCO3-) and Biphozyl (22 mmol/ l HCO3-) during continuous renal replacement therapy (CVVH) with regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) in alkalotic critically ill patients. Gender differences in acid-base metabolism during continuous venovenous hemofiltration with regional citrate anticoagulation Goal of the study: The aim of our study was to compare the replacement fluids (RF) Phoxilium (30 mmol/ l HCO3-) and Biphozyl (22 mmol/ l HCO3-) during continuous renal replacement therapy (CVVH) with regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) in alkalotic critically ill women and men. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-020-00711-1 doi: 10.1007/s00063-020-00711-1 id: cord-335975-m6lkrehi author: nan title: Proceedings of Réanimation 2018, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress date: 2018-02-05 words: 89374.0 sentences: 5327.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335975-m6lkrehi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335975-m6lkrehi.txt summary: A qSOFA score relying on 3 simple clinical criteria (respiratory rate, mental status and systolic blood pressure) has been proposed to better identify septic patients with associated higher mortality outside the intensive care unit (Seymour CW et al., JAMA 2016) . We propose to determine whether the arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) at intensive care unit (ICU) admission affects mortality at day 28 (D28) in patients with septic shock subjected to mechanical out-of-hospital ventilation. Conclusion: In this study, we report a significant association between hyperoxemia at ICU admission and mortality at D28 in patients with septic shock subjected to pre-hospital invasive mechanical ventilation. The aim of this study was to describe outcome of pediatric patient with hematologic disease hospitalized in our intensive care unit for respiratory failure and to investigate the clinical variables associated with mortality. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-017-0345-7 doi: 10.1186/s13613-017-0345-7 id: cord-341063-3rqnu5bu author: nan title: 38th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 20-23 March 2018 date: 2018-03-29 words: 98602.0 sentences: 6494.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341063-3rqnu5bu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341063-3rqnu5bu.txt summary: Procacitonin (PCT) emerges as a possible predictive tool in cardiothoracic intensive care unit (CTICU).We aim at testing the predictive power of PCT for early morbidity, prolonged ventilation, ICU and hospital stay, in patients developing early fever after cardiac surgery Methods: A retrospective descriptive study done in tertiary cardiac center, enrolling patients who stayed for more than 24 hours post-operatively in the CTICU Risk stratification included additive Euro score and PCT immunoluminometricaly prior to surgery and every 48 hours in response to onset of fever. Prognostic accuracy of quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score for mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis Introduction: The purpose of this study was to summarize the evidence assessing the qSOFA [1] , calculated in admission of the patient in emergency department (ED) or intensive care unit (ICU), as a predictor of mortality. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-018-1973-5 doi: 10.1186/s13054-018-1973-5 id: cord-355038-o2hr5mox author: nan title: Proceedings of Réanimation 2020, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress date: 2020-02-11 words: 102485.0 sentences: 7028.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355038-o2hr5mox.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355038-o2hr5mox.txt summary: Conclusion: In patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS, a higher tidal volume under PSV within the 72 h following neuromuscular blockers cessation is independently associated with the 28-day mortality.Compliance with ethics regulations: Yes. Kaplan-Meier estimate of the cumulative probability of survival according to the mean tidal volume (Vt)-lower of higher than 8 ml/ kg-under pressure support ventilation (PSV) during the "transition period" transfusion is associated with adverse events, and equipoise remains on the optimal transfusion strategy in oncologic patients in surgical setting. Compliance with ethics regulations: Yes. Patients and methods: In a retrospective monocentric study (01/2013-01/2017) conducted in cardio-vascular surgical intensive care unit (ICU) in Henri Mondor teaching hospital, all consecutive adult patients who underwent peripheral VA-ECMO were included, with exclusion of those dying in the first 24 h. Compliance with ethics regulations: Yes. Rationale: Acute respiratory failure is the leading reason for intensive care unit (ICU) admission in immunocompromised patients and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation has become a major clinical end-point in randomized controlled trials (RCT). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32048060/ doi: 10.1186/s13613-020-0623-7 id: cord-353398-jrz163v2 author: van Arkel, Andreas L. E. title: COVID-19–associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis date: 2020-07-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202004-1038le doi: 10.1164/rccm.202004-1038le id: cord-300176-lurzcliy author: van Mol, Margo M. C. title: Developing and testing a nurse-led intervention to support bereavement in relatives in the intensive care (BRIC study): a protocol of a pre-post intervention study date: 2020-08-18 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: When a patient is approaching death in the intensive care unit (ICU), patients’ relatives must make a rapid transition from focusing on their beloved one’s recovery to preparation for their unavoidable death. Bereaved relatives may develop complicated grief as a consequence of this burdensome situation; however, little is known about appropriate options in quality care supporting bereaved relatives and the prevalence and predictors of complicated grief in bereaved relatives of deceased ICU patients in the Netherlands. The aim of this study is to develop and implement a multicomponent bereavement support intervention for relatives of deceased ICU patients and to evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention on complicated grief, anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress in bereaved relatives. METHODS: The study will use a cross-sectional pre-post design in a 38-bed ICU in a university hospital in the Netherlands. Cohort 1 includes all reported first and second contact persons of patients who died in the ICU in 2018, which will serve as a pre-intervention baseline measurement. Based on existing policies, facilities and evidence-based practices, a nurse-led intervention will be developed and implemented during the study period. This intervention is expected to use 1) communication strategies, 2) materials to make a keepsake, and 3) a nurse-led follow-up service. Cohort 2, including all bereaved relatives in the ICU from October 2019 until March 2020, will serve as a post-intervention follow-up measurement. Both cohorts will be performed in study samples of 200 relatives per group, all participants will be invited to complete questionnaires measuring complicated grief, anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress. Differences between the baseline and follow-up measurements will be calculated and adjusted using regression analyses. Exploratory subgroup analyses (e.g., gender, ethnicity, risk profiles, relationship with patient, length of stay) and exploratory dose response analyses will be conducted. DISCUSSION: The newly developed intervention has the potential to improve the bereavement process of the relatives of deceased ICU patients. Therefore, symptoms of grief and mental health problems such as depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress, might decrease. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Netherlands Trial Register Registered on 27/07/2019 as NL 7875, www.trialregister.nl url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32811499/ doi: 10.1186/s12904-020-00636-8 id: cord-003376-2qi4aibx author: van de Groep, Kirsten title: Effect of cytomegalovirus reactivation on the time course of systemic host response biomarkers in previously immunocompetent critically ill patients with sepsis: a matched cohort study date: 2018-12-18 words: 3889.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-003376-2qi4aibx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-003376-2qi4aibx.txt summary: title: Effect of cytomegalovirus reactivation on the time course of systemic host response biomarkers in previously immunocompetent critically ill patients with sepsis: a matched cohort study Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is observed in 14-41% of intensive care unit (ICU) patients without known prior immune deficiency [1] [2] [3] and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality [4] [5] [6] . Therefore, this longitudinal study aimed to investigate whether the temporal course of seven host response biomarkers, including both pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, in previously immunocompetent ICU patients with sepsis differs between patients with and without CMV reactivation. Time trends of various markers within patients were described by symmetric percentage differences relative to their levels 2 days prior to CMV viremia onset (Fig. 2 for primary comparison, Additional file 1: Figure S1 for secondary comparison). We performed an explorative study to compare time trends of host response biomarkers in patients with reactivation that were matched to non-reactivating control patients who were either seropositive or seronegative for CMV. abstract: BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation in previously immunocompetent critically ill patients is associated with increased mortality, which has been hypothesized to result from virus-induced immunomodulation. Therefore, we studied the effects of CMV reactivation on the temporal course of host response biomarkers in patients with sepsis. METHODS: In this matched cohort study, each sepsis patient developing CMV reactivation between day 3 and 17 (CMV+) was compared with one CMV seropositive patient without reactivation (CMVs+) and one CMV seronegative patient (CMVs−). CMV serostatus and plasma loads were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassays and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Systemic interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-18, interferon-gamma–induced protein-10 (IP-10), neutrophilic elastase, IL-1 receptor antagonist (RA), and IL-10 were measured at five time points by multiplex immunoassay. The effects of CMV reactivation on sequential concentrations of these biomarkers were assessed in multivariable mixed models. RESULTS: Among 64 CMV+ patients, 45 could be matched to CMVs+ or CMVs− controls or both. The two baseline characteristics and host response biomarker levels at viremia onset were similar between groups. CMV+ patients had increased IP-10 on day 7 after viremia onset (symmetric percentage difference +44% versus −15% when compared with CMVs+ and +37% versus +4% when compared with CMVs−) and decreased IL-1RA (−41% versus 0% and −49% versus +10%, respectively). However, multivariable analyses did not show an independent association between CMV reactivation and time trends of IL-6, IP-10, IL-10, or IL-1RA. CONCLUSION: CMV reactivation was not independently associated with changes in the temporal trends of host response biomarkers in comparison with non-reactivating patients. Therefore, these markers should not be used as surrogate clinical endpoints for interventional studies evaluating anti-CMV therapy. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s13054-018-2261-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6299562/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-018-2261-0 id: cord-313980-jutof78v author: van de Veerdonk, F. L. title: A systems approach to inflammation identifies therapeutic targets in SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-05-24 words: 4683.0 sentences: 271.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313980-jutof78v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313980-jutof78v.txt summary: Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of ARDS and circulating concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and interferon- inducible protein (IP)-10 are higher in COVID-19 patients on the intensive care unit (ICU) than in those who do not require ICU admission. 23.20110916 doi: medRxiv preprint Whereas from these data an exuberant innate immune response appears to represent the main immune dysregulation in patients with severe COVID-19 infection, so far only a limited number of inflammatory mediators known to be involved in other diseases have been assessed. 23.20110916 doi: medRxiv preprint In addition to the inflammatory factors that are upregulated in COVID-19 patients in the ICU, a number of cytokines were shown to be lower in the severely ill patients. However, unbiased clustering of COVID-19 patients differentiated patients based on disease severity (ICU versus non ICU), rather than identifying different inflammatory clusters ( Figure 2 ). abstract: Background Infection with SARS-CoV-2 manifests itself as a mild respiratory tract infection in the majority of individuals, which progresses to a severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in 10-15% of patients. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ARDS, with immune dysregulation in severe COVID-19 leading to a hyperinflammatory response. A comprehensive understanding of the inflammatory process in COVID-19 is lacking. Methods In this prospective, multicenter observational study, patients with PCR-proven or clinically presumed COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) or clinical wards were included. Demographic and clinical data were obtained and plasma was serially collected. Concentrations of IL-6, TNF-, complement components C3a, C3c and the terminal complement complex (TCC) were determined in plasma by ELISA. Additionally, 269 circulating biomarkers were assessed using targeted proteomics. Results were compared between ICU and non ICU patients. Findings A total of 119 (38 ICU and 91 non ICU) patients were included. IL-6 plasma concentrations were elevated in COVID-19 (ICU vs. non ICU, median 174.5 pg/ml [IQR 94.5-376.3 vs. 40.0 pg/ml [16.5-81.0]), whereas TNF- concentrations were relatively low and not different between ICU and non ICU patients (median 24.0 pg/ml [IQR 16.5-33.5] and 21.5 pg/ml [IQR 16.0-33.5], respectively). C3a and terminal complement complex (TCC) concentrations were significantly higher in ICU vs. non ICU patients (median 556.0 ng/ml [IQR 333.3-712.5]) vs. 266.5 ng/ml [IQR 191.5-384.0 for C3a and 4506 mAU/ml [IQR 3661-6595 vs. 3582 mAU/ml [IQR 2947-4300] for TCC) on the first day of blood sampling. Targeted proteomics demonstrated that IL-6 (logFC 2.2), several chemokines and hepatocyte growth factor (logFC 1.4) were significantly upregulated in ICU vs. non ICU patients. In contrast, stem cell factor was significantly downregulated (logFC -1.3) in ICU vs. non ICU patients, as were DPP4 (logFC -0.4) and protein C inhibitor (log FC -1.0), the latter two factors also being involved in the regulation of the kinin-kallikrein pathway. Unsupervised clustering pointed towards a homogeneous pathogenetic mechanism in the majority of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, with patient clustering mainly based on disease severity. Interpretation We identified important pathways involved in dysregulation of inflammation in patients with severe COVID-19, including the IL-6, complement system and kinin-kallikrein pathways. Our findings may aid the development of new approaches to host-directed therapy. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.23.20110916 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.23.20110916 id: cord-258027-f3rr5el1 author: Østby, Anne‐Cathrine title: Respiratory virology and microbiology in intensive care units: a prospective cohort study date: 2013-05-18 words: 5259.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258027-f3rr5el1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258027-f3rr5el1.txt summary: Our aim was to determine the frequency of 12 common respiratory viruses in patients admitted to intensive care units with respiratory symptoms, evaluate the clinical characteristics and to compare the results to routine microbiological diagnostics. The information included the following: age, gender, underlying comorbidity, use of immunosuppressant drugs, respiratory symptoms, diagnoses on admission, diagnoses on discharge, length of hospital stay, ICU stay and intubation, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II)scores, administration of antibiotics, non-invasive ventilation, chest x-ray, laboratory analyses and results of the physical examination, which included temperature, saturation, stethoscopic findings and clinical signs of respiratory infection or distress. Viruses -Of the 122 patients included in the study group, 19 (16%) were positive for a virus, of which the most frequently detected were influenza A (n = 9) and RSV (n = 3, Fig. 2 ). abstract: Our aim was to determine the frequency of 12 common respiratory viruses in patients admitted to intensive care units with respiratory symptoms, evaluate the clinical characteristics and to compare the results to routine microbiological diagnostics. Throat swabs from 122 intensive care‐patients >18 years with acute respiratory symptoms were collected upon admission and analysed with multiplex real‐time polymerase chain reaction, for 12 community respiratory viruses. Blood and respiratory tract specimens were analysed for bacteria and fungi upon clinicians' request. Clinical and paraclinical data were collected. Viruses were detected in 19 (16%) of the 122 study patients. Five virus‐positive patients (26%) had possible clinically relevant bacteria or fungi co‐detected. Patients with exacerbation in COPD were associated with a viral infection (p = 0.02). Other comorbidities, clinical and paraclinical parameters, and death were independent of a viral infection or co‐detection of bacteria/fungi. In conclusion, respiratory viruses were frequently detected in the patients. The investigated clinical and paraclinical parameters were not different in viral infections compared to other agents, thus respiratory viruses likely have similar impact on the clinical course as other agents. In 25% of the virus‐positive patients, polymicrobial aetiology was identified. Comprehensive and sensitive diagnostic methods should be emphasized to enhance respiratory diagnostics. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.12089 doi: 10.1111/apm.12089 ==== make-pages.sh questions [ERIC WAS HERE] ==== make-pages.sh search /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/make-pages.sh: line 77: /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm: No such file or directory Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/tsv2htm-search.py", line 51, in with open( TEMPLATE, 'r' ) as handle : htm = handle.read() FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm' ==== make-pages.sh topic modeling corpus Zipping study carrel