id sid tid token lemma pos cord-337365-hugenn14 1 1 key key NN cord-337365-hugenn14 1 2 : : : cord-337365-hugenn14 2 1 cord-337365-hugenn14 cord-337365-hugenn14 VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 3 1 authors author NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 3 2 : : : cord-337365-hugenn14 3 3 Chen Chen NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 3 4 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 3 5 Zhuangzhuang Zhuangzhuang NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 3 6 ; ; : cord-337365-hugenn14 3 7 Zhong Zhong NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 3 8 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 3 9 Di Di NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 3 10 ; ; : cord-337365-hugenn14 3 11 Li Li NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 3 12 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 4 1 Guozhong Guozhong NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 4 2 title title NN cord-337365-hugenn14 4 3 : : : cord-337365-hugenn14 5 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 5 2 role role NN cord-337365-hugenn14 5 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 5 4 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 5 5 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 5 6 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 5 7 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 5 8 : : : cord-337365-hugenn14 5 9 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 5 10 review review NN cord-337365-hugenn14 5 11 date date NN cord-337365-hugenn14 5 12 : : : cord-337365-hugenn14 5 13 2019 2019 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 5 14 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 5 15 04 04 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 5 16 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 5 17 09 09 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 5 18 journal journal NN cord-337365-hugenn14 5 19 : : : cord-337365-hugenn14 5 20 J J NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 5 21 Neuroinflammation Neuroinflammation NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 5 22 DOI DOI NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 5 23 : : : cord-337365-hugenn14 6 1 10.1186 10.1186 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 6 2 / / SYM cord-337365-hugenn14 6 3 s12974 s12974 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 6 4 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 6 5 019 019 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 6 6 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 6 7 1443 1443 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 6 8 - - SYM cord-337365-hugenn14 6 9 2 2 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 6 10 sha sha NN cord-337365-hugenn14 6 11 : : : cord-337365-hugenn14 7 1 f0384ad1acd95e489c5d835a494de1cdd3fd365f f0384ad1acd95e489c5d835a494de1cdd3fd365f NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 7 2 doc_id doc_id NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 7 3 : : : cord-337365-hugenn14 7 4 337365 337365 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 7 5 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 7 6 : : : cord-337365-hugenn14 8 1 hugenn14 hugenn14 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 9 1 Viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 9 2 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 9 3 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 9 4 still still RB cord-337365-hugenn14 9 5 very very RB cord-337365-hugenn14 9 6 prominent prominent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 9 7 around around IN cord-337365-hugenn14 9 8 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 9 9 world world NN cord-337365-hugenn14 9 10 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 9 11 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 9 12 traditional traditional JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 9 13 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 9 14 therapies therapy NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 9 15 still still RB cord-337365-hugenn14 9 16 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 9 17 shortcomings shortcoming NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 9 18 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 10 1 Some some DT cord-337365-hugenn14 10 2 patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 10 3 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 10 4 not not RB cord-337365-hugenn14 10 5 get get VB cord-337365-hugenn14 10 6 effective effective JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 10 7 relief relief NN cord-337365-hugenn14 10 8 or or CC cord-337365-hugenn14 10 9 suffer suffer VB cord-337365-hugenn14 10 10 from from IN cord-337365-hugenn14 10 11 serious serious JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 10 12 sequelae sequela NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 10 13 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 11 1 At at IN cord-337365-hugenn14 11 2 present present JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 11 3 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 11 4 people people NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 11 5 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 11 6 studying study VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 11 7 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 11 8 role role NN cord-337365-hugenn14 11 9 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 11 10 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 11 11 innate innate JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 11 12 immune immune JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 11 13 system system NN cord-337365-hugenn14 11 14 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 11 15 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 11 16 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 11 17 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 12 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 12 2 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 12 3 as as IN cord-337365-hugenn14 12 4 resident resident JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 12 5 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 12 6 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 12 7 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 12 8 central central JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 12 9 nervous nervous JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 12 10 system system NN cord-337365-hugenn14 12 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 12 12 CNS CNS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 12 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 12 14 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 12 15 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 12 16 respond respond VB cord-337365-hugenn14 12 17 quickly quickly RB cord-337365-hugenn14 12 18 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 12 19 various various JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 12 20 CNS CNS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 12 21 injuries injury NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 12 22 including include VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 12 23 trauma trauma NN cord-337365-hugenn14 12 24 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 12 25 ischemia ischemia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 12 26 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 12 27 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 12 28 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 12 29 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 12 30 maintain maintain VB cord-337365-hugenn14 12 31 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 12 32 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 12 33 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 12 34 CNS CNS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 12 35 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 12 36 but but CC cord-337365-hugenn14 12 37 this this DT cord-337365-hugenn14 12 38 response response NN cord-337365-hugenn14 12 39 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 12 40 not not RB cord-337365-hugenn14 12 41 always always RB cord-337365-hugenn14 12 42 good good JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 12 43 ; ; : cord-337365-hugenn14 12 44 sometimes sometimes RB cord-337365-hugenn14 12 45 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 12 46 it -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 12 47 will will MD cord-337365-hugenn14 12 48 exacerbate exacerbate VB cord-337365-hugenn14 12 49 damage damage NN cord-337365-hugenn14 12 50 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 13 1 Studies study NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 13 2 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 13 3 shown show VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 13 4 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 13 5 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 13 6 also also RB cord-337365-hugenn14 13 7 act act VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 13 8 as as IN cord-337365-hugenn14 13 9 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 13 10 double double RB cord-337365-hugenn14 13 11 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 13 12 edged edged JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 13 13 sword sword NN cord-337365-hugenn14 13 14 during during IN cord-337365-hugenn14 13 15 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 13 16 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 13 17 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 14 1 On on IN cord-337365-hugenn14 14 2 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 14 3 one one CD cord-337365-hugenn14 14 4 hand hand NN cord-337365-hugenn14 14 5 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 14 6 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 14 7 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 14 8 sense sense VB cord-337365-hugenn14 14 9 ATP ATP NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 14 10 signals signal NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 14 11 through through IN cord-337365-hugenn14 14 12 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 14 13 purinergic purinergic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 14 14 receptor receptor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 14 15 P2Y12 P2Y12 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 14 16 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 14 17 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 14 18 recruited recruit VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 14 19 around around IN cord-337365-hugenn14 14 20 infected infected JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 14 21 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 14 22 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 14 23 exert exert VB cord-337365-hugenn14 14 24 phagocytic phagocytic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 14 25 activity activity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 14 26 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 15 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 15 2 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 15 3 exert exert VB cord-337365-hugenn14 15 4 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 15 5 direct direct JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 15 6 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 15 7 effect effect NN cord-337365-hugenn14 15 8 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 15 9 producing produce VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 15 10 type type NN cord-337365-hugenn14 15 11 1 1 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 16 1 interferon interferon NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 16 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 16 3 IFN-1 IFN-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 16 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 17 1 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 17 2 induce induce VB cord-337365-hugenn14 17 3 IFN IFN NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 17 4 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 17 5 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 17 6 gene gene NN cord-337365-hugenn14 17 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 17 8 ISG ISG NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 17 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 17 10 expression expression NN cord-337365-hugenn14 17 11 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 17 12 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 17 13 or or CC cord-337365-hugenn14 17 14 indirect indirect JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 17 15 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 17 16 effects effect NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 17 17 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 17 18 IFN-1 IFN-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 17 19 acting act VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 17 20 on on IN cord-337365-hugenn14 17 21 other other JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 17 22 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 17 23 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 17 24 activate activate VB cord-337365-hugenn14 17 25 corresponding correspond VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 17 26 signaling signal VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 17 27 pathways pathway NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 17 28 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 18 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 18 2 addition addition NN cord-337365-hugenn14 18 3 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 18 4 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 18 5 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 18 6 also also RB cord-337365-hugenn14 18 7 exert exert VB cord-337365-hugenn14 18 8 an an DT cord-337365-hugenn14 18 9 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 18 10 effect effect NN cord-337365-hugenn14 18 11 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 18 12 inducing induce VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 18 13 autophagy autophagy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 18 14 or or CC cord-337365-hugenn14 18 15 secreting secrete VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 18 16 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 18 17 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 19 1 On on IN cord-337365-hugenn14 19 2 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 19 3 other other JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 19 4 hand hand NN cord-337365-hugenn14 19 5 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 19 6 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 19 7 mediate mediate VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 19 8 presynaptic presynaptic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 19 9 membrane membrane NN cord-337365-hugenn14 19 10 damage damage NN cord-337365-hugenn14 19 11 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 19 12 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 19 13 hippocampus hippocampus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 19 14 through through IN cord-337365-hugenn14 19 15 complement complement NN cord-337365-hugenn14 19 16 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 19 17 resulting result VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 19 18 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 19 19 long long JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 19 20 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 19 21 term term NN cord-337365-hugenn14 19 22 memory memory NN cord-337365-hugenn14 19 23 impairment impairment NN cord-337365-hugenn14 19 24 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 19 25 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 19 26 dysfunction dysfunction NN cord-337365-hugenn14 19 27 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 19 28 patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 19 29 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 19 30 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 19 31 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 20 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 20 2 mediate mediate VB cord-337365-hugenn14 20 3 fetal fetal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 20 4 congenital congenital JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 20 5 malformations malformation NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 20 6 caused cause VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 20 7 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 20 8 Zika Zika NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 20 9 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 20 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 20 11 ZIKV zikv NN cord-337365-hugenn14 20 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 20 13 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 20 14 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 21 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 21 2 gene gene NN cord-337365-hugenn14 21 3 expression expression NN cord-337365-hugenn14 21 4 profile profile NN cord-337365-hugenn14 21 5 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 21 6 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 21 7 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 21 8 HIV HIV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 21 9 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 21 10 changes change NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 21 11 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 21 12 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 21 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 21 14 tend tend VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 21 15 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 21 16 be be VB cord-337365-hugenn14 21 17 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 21 18 pro pro JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 21 19 - - JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 21 20 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 21 21 type type NN cord-337365-hugenn14 21 22 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 22 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 22 2 inhibited inhibit VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 22 3 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 22 4 autophagy autophagy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 22 5 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 22 6 aggravated aggravate VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 22 7 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 22 8 damage damage NN cord-337365-hugenn14 22 9 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 22 10 CNS CNS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 22 11 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 22 12 HIV HIV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 22 13 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 22 14 ; ; : cord-337365-hugenn14 22 15 E3 E3 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 22 16 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-337365-hugenn14 22 17 ligase ligase NN cord-337365-hugenn14 22 18 Pellino Pellino NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 22 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 22 20 pelia pelia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 22 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 22 22 expressed express VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 22 23 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 22 24 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 22 25 promotes promote VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 22 26 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 22 27 replication replication NN cord-337365-hugenn14 22 28 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 22 29 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 22 30 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 22 31 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 22 32 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 23 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 23 2 interaction interaction NN cord-337365-hugenn14 23 3 between between IN cord-337365-hugenn14 23 4 amyloid amyloid NN cord-337365-hugenn14 23 5 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 23 6 β β NN cord-337365-hugenn14 23 7 peptide peptide NN cord-337365-hugenn14 23 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 23 9 Aβ Aβ NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 23 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 23 11 produced produce VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 23 12 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 23 13 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 23 14 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 23 15 activated activate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 23 16 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 23 17 during during IN cord-337365-hugenn14 23 18 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 23 19 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 23 20 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 23 21 uncertain uncertain JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 23 22 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 24 1 Although although IN cord-337365-hugenn14 24 2 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 24 3 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 24 4 mediate mediate VB cord-337365-hugenn14 24 5 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 24 6 effects effect NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 24 7 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 24 8 activating activate VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 24 9 receptor receptor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 24 10 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 24 11 interacting interact VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 24 12 protein protein NN cord-337365-hugenn14 24 13 kinases kinase NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 24 14 3 3 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 24 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 24 16 RIPK3 RIPK3 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 24 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 24 18 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 24 19 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 24 20 death death NN cord-337365-hugenn14 24 21 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 24 22 independent independent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 24 23 pathway pathway NN cord-337365-hugenn14 24 24 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 24 25 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 24 26 RIPK3 ripk3 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 24 27 pathway pathway NN cord-337365-hugenn14 24 28 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 24 29 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 24 30 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 24 31 unknown unknown JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 24 32 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 25 1 Different different JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 25 2 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 25 3 regions region NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 25 4 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 25 5 different different JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 25 6 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-337365-hugenn14 25 7 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 25 8 viruses virus NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 25 9 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 25 10 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 25 11 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 25 12 gene gene NN cord-337365-hugenn14 25 13 expression expression NN cord-337365-hugenn14 25 14 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 25 15 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 25 16 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 25 17 different different JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 25 18 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 25 19 regions region NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 25 20 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 25 21 specific specific JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 25 22 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 26 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 26 2 relationship relationship NN cord-337365-hugenn14 26 3 between between IN cord-337365-hugenn14 26 4 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 26 5 two two CD cord-337365-hugenn14 26 6 needs need NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 26 7 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 26 8 be be VB cord-337365-hugenn14 26 9 further further RB cord-337365-hugenn14 26 10 confirmed confirm VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 26 11 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 27 1 How how WRB cord-337365-hugenn14 27 2 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 27 3 properly properly RB cord-337365-hugenn14 27 4 regulate regulate VB cord-337365-hugenn14 27 5 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 27 6 function function NN cord-337365-hugenn14 27 7 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 27 8 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 27 9 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 27 10 make make VB cord-337365-hugenn14 27 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 27 12 exert exert VB cord-337365-hugenn14 27 13 more more RBR cord-337365-hugenn14 27 14 anti anti JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 27 15 - - JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 27 16 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 27 17 effects effect NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 27 18 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 27 19 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-337365-hugenn14 27 20 next next JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 27 21 research research NN cord-337365-hugenn14 27 22 direction direction NN cord-337365-hugenn14 27 23 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 28 1 Encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 28 2 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 28 3 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 28 4 common common JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 28 5 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 28 6 serious serious JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 28 7 disease disease NN cord-337365-hugenn14 28 8 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 28 9 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 28 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-337365-hugenn14 28 11 clinical clinical JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 28 12 manifestations manifestation NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 28 13 vary vary VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 28 14 from from IN cord-337365-hugenn14 28 15 person person NN cord-337365-hugenn14 28 16 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 28 17 person person NN cord-337365-hugenn14 28 18 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 29 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ cord-337365-hugenn14 29 2 main main JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 29 3 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 29 4 include include VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 29 5 altered alter VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 29 6 mental mental JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 29 7 status status NN cord-337365-hugenn14 29 8 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 29 9 various various JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 29 10 combinations combination NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 29 11 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 29 12 acute acute JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 29 13 fever fever NN cord-337365-hugenn14 29 14 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 29 15 seizures seizure NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 29 16 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 29 17 neurologic neurologic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 29 18 deficits deficit NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 29 19 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 29 20 cerebrospinal cerebrospinal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 29 21 fluid fluid NN cord-337365-hugenn14 29 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 29 23 CSF CSF NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 29 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 29 25 pleocytosis pleocytosis NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 29 26 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 29 27 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 29 28 abnormalities abnormality NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 29 29 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 29 30 electroencephalographic electroencephalographic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 29 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 29 32 EEG EEG NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 29 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 29 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 29 35 1 1 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 29 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 29 37 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 30 1 Although although IN cord-337365-hugenn14 30 2 there there EX cord-337365-hugenn14 30 3 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 30 4 many many JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 30 5 reasons reason NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 30 6 accounting account VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 30 7 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 30 8 this this DT cord-337365-hugenn14 30 9 disease disease NN cord-337365-hugenn14 30 10 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 30 11 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 30 12 most most RBS cord-337365-hugenn14 30 13 commonly commonly RB cord-337365-hugenn14 30 14 identified identify VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 30 15 causes cause NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 30 16 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 30 17 neurotropic neurotropic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 30 18 viruses virus NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 30 19 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 31 1 Every every DT cord-337365-hugenn14 31 2 year year NN cord-337365-hugenn14 31 3 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 31 4 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 31 5 USA USA NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 31 6 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 31 7 there there EX cord-337365-hugenn14 31 8 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 31 9 about about RB cord-337365-hugenn14 31 10 seven seven CD cord-337365-hugenn14 31 11 patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 31 12 per per IN cord-337365-hugenn14 31 13 100,000 100,000 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 31 14 population population NN cord-337365-hugenn14 31 15 diagnosed diagnose VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 31 16 as as RB cord-337365-hugenn14 31 17 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 31 18 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 32 1 Among among IN cord-337365-hugenn14 32 2 all all PDT cord-337365-hugenn14 32 3 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 32 4 cases case NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 32 5 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 32 6 approximately approximately RB cord-337365-hugenn14 32 7 half half NN cord-337365-hugenn14 32 8 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 32 9 them -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 32 10 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 32 11 unknown unknown JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 32 12 reasons reason NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 32 13 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 33 1 Of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 33 2 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 33 3 cases case NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 33 4 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 33 5 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 33 6 known know VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 33 7 cause cause NN cord-337365-hugenn14 33 8 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 33 9 viruses virus NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 33 10 represent represent VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 33 11 20 20 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 33 12 - - SYM cord-337365-hugenn14 33 13 50 50 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 33 14 % % NN cord-337365-hugenn14 33 15 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 34 1 Herpes Herpes NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 34 2 simplex simplex NN cord-337365-hugenn14 34 3 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 34 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 34 5 HSV HSV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 34 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 34 7 takes take VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 34 8 up up RP cord-337365-hugenn14 34 9 50 50 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 34 10 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 34 11 75 75 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 34 12 % % NN cord-337365-hugenn14 34 13 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 34 14 identified identify VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 34 15 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 34 16 cases case NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 34 17 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 34 18 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 34 19 varicella varicella NN cord-337365-hugenn14 34 20 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 34 21 zoster zoster NN cord-337365-hugenn14 34 22 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 34 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 34 24 VZV VZV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 34 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 34 26 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 34 27 enteroviruses enteroviruses NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 34 28 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 34 29 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 34 30 arboviruses arboviruses NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 34 31 accounting account VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 34 32 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 34 33 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 34 34 majority majority NN cord-337365-hugenn14 34 35 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 34 36 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 34 37 remainders remainder NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 34 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 34 39 2 2 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 34 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 34 41 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 35 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 35 2 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 35 3 estimated estimate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 35 4 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 35 5 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 35 6 median median JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 35 7 hospitalization hospitalization NN cord-337365-hugenn14 35 8 charge charge NN cord-337365-hugenn14 35 9 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 35 10 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 35 11 patient patient NN cord-337365-hugenn14 35 12 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 35 13 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 35 14 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 35 15 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 35 16 $ $ $ cord-337365-hugenn14 35 17 89,600 89,600 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 35 18 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 35 19 West West NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 35 20 Nile Nile NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 35 21 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 35 22 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 35 23 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 35 24 $ $ $ cord-337365-hugenn14 35 25 58,000 58,000 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 35 26 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 35 27 HSV HSV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 35 28 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 35 29 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 36 1 Each each DT cord-337365-hugenn14 36 2 year year NN cord-337365-hugenn14 36 3 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 36 4 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 36 5 USA USA NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 36 6 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 36 7 approximately approximately RB cord-337365-hugenn14 36 8 6000 6000 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 36 9 patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 36 10 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 36 11 hospitalized hospitalize VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 36 12 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 36 13 acute acute JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 36 14 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 36 15 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 36 16 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 37 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 37 2 total total JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 37 3 annual annual JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 37 4 cost cost NN cord-337365-hugenn14 37 5 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 37 6 up up IN cord-337365-hugenn14 37 7 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 37 8 $ $ $ cord-337365-hugenn14 37 9 350 350 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 37 10 million million CD cord-337365-hugenn14 37 11 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 37 12 $ $ $ cord-337365-hugenn14 37 13 540 540 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 37 14 million million CD cord-337365-hugenn14 37 15 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 37 16 without without IN cord-337365-hugenn14 37 17 counting count VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 37 18 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 37 19 cost cost NN cord-337365-hugenn14 37 20 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 37 21 care care NN cord-337365-hugenn14 37 22 after after IN cord-337365-hugenn14 37 23 discharge discharge NN cord-337365-hugenn14 37 24 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 37 25 costs cost NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 37 26 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 37 27 family family NN cord-337365-hugenn14 37 28 caregivers caregiver NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 37 29 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 37 30 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 37 31 lost lose VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 37 32 earning earn VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 37 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 37 34 3 3 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 37 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 37 36 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 38 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 38 2 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 38 3 CNS CNS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 38 4 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 38 5 resident resident JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 38 6 mononuclear mononuclear JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 38 7 phagocytic phagocytic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 38 8 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 38 9 characterized characterize VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 38 10 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 38 11 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 38 12 unique unique JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 38 13 ramified ramified JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 38 14 shape shape NN cord-337365-hugenn14 38 15 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 38 16 distinctive distinctive JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 38 17 gene gene NN cord-337365-hugenn14 38 18 expression expression NN cord-337365-hugenn14 38 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 38 20 4 4 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 38 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 38 22 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 39 1 Most Most JJS cord-337365-hugenn14 39 2 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 39 3 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 39 4 derived derive VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 39 5 from from IN cord-337365-hugenn14 39 6 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 39 7 yolk yolk NN cord-337365-hugenn14 39 8 sac sac NN cord-337365-hugenn14 39 9 progenitor progenitor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 39 10 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 39 11 seed seed VB cord-337365-hugenn14 39 12 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 39 13 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 39 14 early early RB cord-337365-hugenn14 39 15 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 39 16 development development NN cord-337365-hugenn14 39 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 39 18 5 5 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 39 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 39 20 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 40 1 As as IN cord-337365-hugenn14 40 2 resident resident JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 40 3 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 40 4 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 40 5 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 40 6 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 40 7 assumed assume VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 40 8 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 40 9 help help VB cord-337365-hugenn14 40 10 orchestrate orchestrate VB cord-337365-hugenn14 40 11 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 40 12 immune immune JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 40 13 response response NN cord-337365-hugenn14 40 14 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 40 15 pathogen pathogen NN cord-337365-hugenn14 40 16 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 40 17 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 40 18 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 40 19 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 40 20 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 41 1 While while IN cord-337365-hugenn14 41 2 often often RB cord-337365-hugenn14 41 3 touted tout VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 41 4 as as IN cord-337365-hugenn14 41 5 immune immune JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 41 6 sentinels sentinel NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 41 7 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 41 8 little little JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 41 9 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 41 10 known know VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 41 11 about about IN cord-337365-hugenn14 41 12 how how WRB cord-337365-hugenn14 41 13 or or CC cord-337365-hugenn14 41 14 if if IN cord-337365-hugenn14 41 15 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 41 16 engage engage VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 41 17 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 41 18 this this DT cord-337365-hugenn14 41 19 function function NN cord-337365-hugenn14 41 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 41 21 6 6 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 41 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 41 23 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 42 1 So so RB cord-337365-hugenn14 42 2 far far RB cord-337365-hugenn14 42 3 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 42 4 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 42 5 large large JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 42 6 body body NN cord-337365-hugenn14 42 7 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 42 8 evidence evidence NN cord-337365-hugenn14 42 9 stemming stem VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 42 10 from from IN cord-337365-hugenn14 42 11 both both DT cord-337365-hugenn14 42 12 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 42 13 vitro vitro FW cord-337365-hugenn14 42 14 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 42 15 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 42 16 vivo vivo NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 42 17 studies study NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 42 18 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 42 19 indicated indicate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 42 20 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 42 21 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 42 22 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 42 23 capable capable JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 42 24 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 42 25 responding respond VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 42 26 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 42 27 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 42 28 PAMPs pamp NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 42 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 42 30 7 7 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 42 31 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 42 32 8 8 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 42 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 42 34 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 42 35 but but CC cord-337365-hugenn14 42 36 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 42 37 multifaceted multifaceted JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 42 38 function function NN cord-337365-hugenn14 42 39 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 42 40 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 42 41 involved involve VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 42 42 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 42 43 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 42 44 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 42 45 needs need VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 42 46 further further JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 42 47 understanding understanding NN cord-337365-hugenn14 42 48 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 43 1 Recently recently RB cord-337365-hugenn14 43 2 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 43 3 how how WRB cord-337365-hugenn14 43 4 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 43 5 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 43 6 recruited recruit VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 43 7 around around IN cord-337365-hugenn14 43 8 infected infected JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 43 9 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 43 10 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 43 11 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 43 12 interaction interaction NN cord-337365-hugenn14 43 13 between between IN cord-337365-hugenn14 43 14 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 43 15 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 43 16 other other JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 43 17 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 43 18 has have VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 43 19 become become VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 43 20 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 43 21 hot hot JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 43 22 topic topic NN cord-337365-hugenn14 43 23 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 44 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 44 2 this this DT cord-337365-hugenn14 44 3 review review NN cord-337365-hugenn14 44 4 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 44 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 44 6 will will MD cord-337365-hugenn14 44 7 talk talk VB cord-337365-hugenn14 44 8 about about IN cord-337365-hugenn14 44 9 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 44 10 function function NN cord-337365-hugenn14 44 11 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 44 12 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 44 13 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 44 14 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 44 15 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 44 16 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 45 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 45 2 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 45 3 recruited recruit VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 45 4 around around IN cord-337365-hugenn14 45 5 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 45 6 infected infected JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 45 7 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 45 8 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 45 9 sensing sense VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 45 10 extracellular extracellular JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 45 11 ATP ATP NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 45 12 signals signal NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 46 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 46 2 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 46 3 sense sense VB cord-337365-hugenn14 46 4 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 46 5 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 46 6 released release VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 46 7 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 46 8 infected infected JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 46 9 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 46 10 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 46 11 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 46 12 rapidly rapidly RB cord-337365-hugenn14 46 13 recruited recruit VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 46 14 around around IN cord-337365-hugenn14 46 15 infected infected JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 46 16 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 46 17 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 46 18 exert exert VB cord-337365-hugenn14 46 19 phagocytic phagocytic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 46 20 activities activity NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 46 21 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 46 22 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 46 23 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 46 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 46 25 see see VB cord-337365-hugenn14 46 26 Fig Fig NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 46 27 . . NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 46 28 1 1 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 46 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 46 30 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 47 1 Neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 47 2 release release VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 47 3 more more JJR cord-337365-hugenn14 47 4 ATP ATP NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 47 5 after after IN cord-337365-hugenn14 47 6 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 47 7 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 47 8 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 47 9 while while IN cord-337365-hugenn14 47 10 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 47 11 levels level NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 47 12 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 47 13 ATP ATP NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 47 14 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 47 15 ADP ADP NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 47 16 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 47 17 AMP AMP NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 47 18 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 47 19 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 47 20 adenosine adenosine NN cord-337365-hugenn14 47 21 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 47 22 cell cell NN cord-337365-hugenn14 47 23 lysates lysate NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 47 24 decrease decrease NN cord-337365-hugenn14 47 25 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 48 1 Noxious noxious JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 48 2 stimuli stimulus NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 48 3 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 48 4 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 48 5 trigger trigger VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 48 6 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 48 7 sustained sustained JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 48 8 increase increase NN cord-337365-hugenn14 48 9 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 48 10 extracellular extracellular JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 48 11 ATP ATP NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 48 12 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 48 13 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 48 14 causes cause VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 48 15 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 48 16 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 48 17 become become VB cord-337365-hugenn14 48 18 activated activate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 48 19 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 48 20 recruited recruit VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 48 21 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 48 22 minutes minute NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 48 23 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 48 24 hours hour NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 48 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 48 26 9 9 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 48 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 48 28 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 49 1 ATP ATP NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 49 2 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 49 3 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 49 4 potent potent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 49 5 agonist agonist NN cord-337365-hugenn14 49 6 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 49 7 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 49 8 P2Y p2y NN cord-337365-hugenn14 49 9 G g NN cord-337365-hugenn14 49 10 protein protein NN cord-337365-hugenn14 49 11 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 49 12 coupled couple VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 49 13 receptor receptor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 49 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 49 15 10 10 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 49 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 49 17 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 50 1 Studies study NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 50 2 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 50 3 shown show VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 50 4 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 50 5 P2X7 P2X7 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 50 6 or or CC cord-337365-hugenn14 50 7 P2Y12 P2Y12 NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 50 8 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 50 9 both both DT cord-337365-hugenn14 50 10 abundant abundant JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 50 11 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 50 12 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 50 13 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 50 14 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 50 15 P2Y12 P2Y12 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 50 16 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 50 17 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 50 18 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 50 19 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 50 20 specific specific JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 50 21 marker marker NN cord-337365-hugenn14 50 22 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 50 23 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 50 24 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 50 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 50 26 11 11 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 50 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 50 28 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 51 1 Extracellular Extracellular NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 51 2 ATP ATP NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 51 3 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 51 4 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 51 5 strong strong JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 51 6 chemotactic chemotactic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 51 7 signal signal NN cord-337365-hugenn14 51 8 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 51 9 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 51 10 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 52 1 By by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 52 2 stimulating stimulate VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 52 3 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 52 4 P2Y p2y NN cord-337365-hugenn14 52 5 receptor receptor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 52 6 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 52 7 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 52 8 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 52 9 Fig Fig NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 52 10 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 53 1 1 1 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 53 2 Illustration illustration NN cord-337365-hugenn14 53 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 53 4 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 53 5 anti anti JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 53 6 - - JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 53 7 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 53 8 role role NN cord-337365-hugenn14 53 9 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 53 10 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 53 11 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 53 12 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 53 13 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 53 14 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 54 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 54 2 picture picture NN cord-337365-hugenn14 54 3 shows show VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 54 4 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 54 5 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 54 6 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 54 7 sense sense VB cord-337365-hugenn14 54 8 ATP ATP NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 54 9 signals signal NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 54 10 through through IN cord-337365-hugenn14 54 11 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 54 12 purinergic purinergic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 54 13 receptor receptor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 54 14 P2Y12 P2Y12 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 54 15 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 54 16 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 54 17 recruited recruit VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 54 18 around around IN cord-337365-hugenn14 54 19 infected infected JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 54 20 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 54 21 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 54 22 exert exert VB cord-337365-hugenn14 54 23 phagocytic phagocytic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 54 24 activity activity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 54 25 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 55 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 55 2 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 55 3 exert exert VB cord-337365-hugenn14 55 4 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 55 5 direct direct JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 55 6 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 55 7 effect effect NN cord-337365-hugenn14 55 8 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 55 9 producing produce VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 55 10 type type NN cord-337365-hugenn14 55 11 1 1 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 56 1 interferon interferon NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 56 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 56 3 IFN-1 IFN-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 56 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 57 1 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 57 2 induce induce VB cord-337365-hugenn14 57 3 IFN IFN NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 57 4 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 57 5 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 57 6 gene gene NN cord-337365-hugenn14 57 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 57 8 ISG ISG NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 57 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 57 10 expression expression NN cord-337365-hugenn14 57 11 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 57 12 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 57 13 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 58 1 IFN IFN NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 58 2 produced produce VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 58 3 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 58 4 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 58 5 exects exects NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 58 6 indirect indirect JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 58 7 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 58 8 effects effect NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 58 9 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 58 10 acting act VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 58 11 on on IN cord-337365-hugenn14 58 12 other other JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 58 13 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 58 14 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 58 15 activate activate VB cord-337365-hugenn14 58 16 corresponding correspond VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 58 17 signaling signal VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 58 18 pathways pathway NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 58 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 58 20 mediates mediate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 58 21 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 58 22 rapid rapid JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 58 23 response response NN cord-337365-hugenn14 58 24 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 58 25 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 58 26 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 58 27 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 58 28 injury injury NN cord-337365-hugenn14 58 29 site site NN cord-337365-hugenn14 58 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 58 31 12 12 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 58 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 58 33 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 59 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 59 2 number number NN cord-337365-hugenn14 59 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 59 4 P2Y12 P2Y12 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 59 5 receptors receptor NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 59 6 on on IN cord-337365-hugenn14 59 7 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 59 8 surface surface NN cord-337365-hugenn14 59 9 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 59 10 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 59 11 increased increase VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 59 12 over over IN cord-337365-hugenn14 59 13 twofold twofold RB cord-337365-hugenn14 59 14 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 59 15 response response NN cord-337365-hugenn14 59 16 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 59 17 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 59 18 infections infection NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 59 19 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 60 1 Some some DT cord-337365-hugenn14 60 2 experiments experiment NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 60 3 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 60 4 built build VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 60 5 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 60 6 P2X7-or P2X7-or NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 60 7 P2Y12-deficient P2Y12-deficient NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 60 8 mice mice NN cord-337365-hugenn14 60 9 model model NN cord-337365-hugenn14 60 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 60 11 P2X7 P2X7 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 60 12 −/− −/− NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 60 13 or or CC cord-337365-hugenn14 60 14 P2Y12 P2Y12 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 60 15 −/− −/− NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 60 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 60 17 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 60 18 vivo vivo NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 60 19 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 60 20 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 60 21 lack lack NN cord-337365-hugenn14 60 22 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 60 23 P2X7 P2X7 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 60 24 has have VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 60 25 no no DT cord-337365-hugenn14 60 26 effect effect NN cord-337365-hugenn14 60 27 on on IN cord-337365-hugenn14 60 28 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 60 29 recruitment recruitment NN cord-337365-hugenn14 60 30 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 60 31 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 60 32 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 60 33 whereas whereas IN cord-337365-hugenn14 60 34 an an DT cord-337365-hugenn14 60 35 absence absence NN cord-337365-hugenn14 60 36 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 60 37 P2Y12 P2Y12 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 60 38 resulted result VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 60 39 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 60 40 > > XX cord-337365-hugenn14 60 41 50 50 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 60 42 % % NN cord-337365-hugenn14 60 43 reduction reduction NN cord-337365-hugenn14 60 44 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 60 45 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 60 46 numbers number NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 60 47 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 60 48 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 60 49 recruited recruit VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 60 50 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 60 51 infected infected JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 60 52 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 60 53 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 61 1 This this DT cord-337365-hugenn14 61 2 indicates indicate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 61 3 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 61 4 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 61 5 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 61 6 recruited recruit VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 61 7 around around IN cord-337365-hugenn14 61 8 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 61 9 infected infected JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 61 10 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 61 11 via via IN cord-337365-hugenn14 61 12 P2Y12 P2Y12 NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 61 13 signaling signal VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 61 14 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 62 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 62 2 CD86 CD86 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 62 3 + + CC cord-337365-hugenn14 62 4 phagolysosomes phagolysosome NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 62 5 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 62 6 P2Y12 P2Y12 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 62 7 −/− −/− NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 62 8 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 62 9 decreased decrease VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 62 10 significantly significantly RB cord-337365-hugenn14 62 11 compared compare VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 62 12 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 62 13 normal normal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 62 14 mice mouse NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 62 15 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 62 16 indicates indicate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 62 17 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 62 18 P2Y12 P2Y12 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 62 19 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 62 20 essential essential JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 62 21 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 62 22 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 62 23 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 62 24 exert exert VB cord-337365-hugenn14 62 25 phagocytic phagocytic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 62 26 activity activity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 62 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 62 28 9 9 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 62 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 62 30 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 63 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 63 2 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 63 3 key key JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 63 4 contributors contributor NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 63 5 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 63 6 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 63 7 recruitment recruitment NN cord-337365-hugenn14 63 8 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 63 9 monocytes monocyte NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 63 10 into into IN cord-337365-hugenn14 63 11 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 63 12 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 63 13 during during IN cord-337365-hugenn14 63 14 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 63 15 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 63 16 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 64 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 64 2 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 64 3 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 64 4 depleted deplete VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 64 5 mice mouse NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 64 6 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 64 7 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 64 8 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-337365-hugenn14 64 9 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 64 10 monocytes monocyte NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 64 11 entering enter VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 64 12 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 64 13 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 64 14 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 64 15 almost almost RB cord-337365-hugenn14 64 16 completely completely RB cord-337365-hugenn14 64 17 gone go VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 64 18 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 65 1 CD45 CD45 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 65 2 + + CC cord-337365-hugenn14 65 3 blood blood NN cord-337365-hugenn14 65 4 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 65 5 borne bear VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 65 6 leukocytes leukocyte NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 65 7 were be VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 65 8 seen see VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 65 9 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 65 10 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 65 11 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 65 12 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 65 13 P2Y12 P2Y12 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 65 14 −/− −/− NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 65 15 mice mouse NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 65 16 after after IN cord-337365-hugenn14 65 17 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 65 18 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 65 19 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 65 20 mononuclear mononuclear JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 65 21 cell cell NN cord-337365-hugenn14 65 22 infiltration infiltration NN cord-337365-hugenn14 65 23 was be VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 65 24 not not RB cord-337365-hugenn14 65 25 impaired impair VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 65 26 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 65 27 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 65 28 indicates indicate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 65 29 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 65 30 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 65 31 recruit recruit VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 65 32 monocytes monocyte VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 65 33 through through IN cord-337365-hugenn14 65 34 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 65 35 P2Y12 P2Y12 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 65 36 independent independent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 65 37 mechanism mechanism NN cord-337365-hugenn14 65 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 65 39 9 9 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 65 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 65 41 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 66 1 Analysis analysis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 66 2 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 66 3 temporal temporal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 66 4 lobe lobe NN cord-337365-hugenn14 66 5 specimens specimen NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 66 6 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 66 7 patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 66 8 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 66 9 herpes herpes NN cord-337365-hugenn14 66 10 simplex simplex NN cord-337365-hugenn14 66 11 type type NN cord-337365-hugenn14 66 12 1 1 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 67 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 67 2 HSV-1 hsv-1 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 67 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 67 4 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 67 5 shows show VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 67 6 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 67 7 P2Y12-positive p2y12-positive JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 67 8 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 67 9 processes process NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 67 10 extend extend VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 67 11 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 67 12 HSV-1 hsv-1 VB cord-337365-hugenn14 67 13 positive positive JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 67 14 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 67 15 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 67 16 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 67 17 there there EX cord-337365-hugenn14 67 18 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 67 19 about about RB cord-337365-hugenn14 67 20 1 1 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 67 21 - - SYM cord-337365-hugenn14 67 22 3 3 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 67 23 activated activate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 67 24 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 67 25 around around IN cord-337365-hugenn14 67 26 each each DT cord-337365-hugenn14 67 27 infected infect VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 67 28 neuron neuron NN cord-337365-hugenn14 67 29 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 68 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 68 2 appear appear VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 68 3 around around IN cord-337365-hugenn14 68 4 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 68 5 cell cell NN cord-337365-hugenn14 68 6 bodies body NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 68 7 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 68 8 dendrites dendrite NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 68 9 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 68 10 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 68 11 before before IN cord-337365-hugenn14 68 12 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 68 13 mature mature JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 68 14 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 68 15 particles particle NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 68 16 appear appear VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 68 17 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 68 18 infected infected JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 68 19 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 68 20 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 68 21 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 69 1 At at IN cord-337365-hugenn14 69 2 this this DT cord-337365-hugenn14 69 3 stage stage NN cord-337365-hugenn14 69 4 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 69 5 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 69 6 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 69 7 membrane membrane NN cord-337365-hugenn14 69 8 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 69 9 intact intact JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 69 10 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 69 11 there there EX cord-337365-hugenn14 69 12 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 69 13 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 69 14 normal normal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 69 15 chromatin chromatin NN cord-337365-hugenn14 69 16 structure structure NN cord-337365-hugenn14 69 17 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 69 18 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 69 19 nucleus nucleus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 69 20 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 70 1 Cell cell NN cord-337365-hugenn14 70 2 trajectory trajectory NN cord-337365-hugenn14 70 3 analysis analysis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 70 4 has have VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 70 5 shown show VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 70 6 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 70 7 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 70 8 speed speed NN cord-337365-hugenn14 70 9 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 70 10 microglia microglia JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 70 11 movement movement NN cord-337365-hugenn14 70 12 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 70 13 mice mouse NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 70 14 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 70 15 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 70 16 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 70 17 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 70 18 reduced reduce VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 70 19 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 70 20 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 70 21 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 70 22 related relate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 70 23 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 70 24 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-337365-hugenn14 70 25 tendency tendency NN cord-337365-hugenn14 70 26 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 70 27 stay stay VB cord-337365-hugenn14 70 28 around around IN cord-337365-hugenn14 70 29 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 70 30 infected infected JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 70 31 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 70 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 70 33 9 9 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 70 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 70 35 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 71 1 Typical typical JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 71 2 neurological neurological JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 71 3 symptoms symptom NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 71 4 appear appear VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 71 5 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 71 6 mice mouse NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 71 7 infected infect VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 71 8 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 71 9 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 71 10 when when WRB cord-337365-hugenn14 71 11 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 71 12 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 71 13 completely completely RB cord-337365-hugenn14 71 14 absent absent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 71 15 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 71 16 but but CC cord-337365-hugenn14 71 17 not not RB cord-337365-hugenn14 71 18 P2Y12 P2Y12 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 71 19 deficiency deficiency NN cord-337365-hugenn14 71 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 71 21 9 9 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 71 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 71 23 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 72 1 Consistent consistent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 72 2 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 72 3 this this DT cord-337365-hugenn14 72 4 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 72 5 mice mouse NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 72 6 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 72 7 microglia microglia JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 72 8 depletion depletion NN cord-337365-hugenn14 72 9 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 72 10 higher high JJR cord-337365-hugenn14 72 11 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 72 12 loads load NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 72 13 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 72 14 succumb succumb VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 72 15 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 72 16 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 72 17 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 73 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 73 2 rapidly rapidly RB cord-337365-hugenn14 73 3 deteriorating deteriorate VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 73 4 neurological neurological JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 73 5 symptoms symptom NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 73 6 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 73 7 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 73 8 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 73 9 depleted deplete VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 73 10 mice mouse NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 73 11 may may MD cord-337365-hugenn14 73 12 be be VB cord-337365-hugenn14 73 13 associated associate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 73 14 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 73 15 significantly significantly RB cord-337365-hugenn14 73 16 increased increase VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 73 17 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 73 18 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 73 19 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 73 20 potential potential JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 73 21 microglial microglial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 73 22 protective protective JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 73 23 mediators mediator NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 73 24 such such JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 73 25 as as IN cord-337365-hugenn14 73 26 interleukin-10 interleukin-10 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 73 27 deficiency deficiency NN cord-337365-hugenn14 73 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 73 29 13 13 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 73 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 73 31 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 74 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 74 2 play play VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 74 3 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 74 4 direct direct JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 74 5 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 74 6 effect effect NN cord-337365-hugenn14 74 7 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 74 8 producing produce VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 74 9 IFN-1 IFN-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 75 1 after after IN cord-337365-hugenn14 75 2 recognition recognition NN cord-337365-hugenn14 75 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 75 4 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 75 5 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 75 6 pattern pattern NN cord-337365-hugenn14 75 7 recognition recognition NN cord-337365-hugenn14 75 8 receptors receptor NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 75 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 75 10 PRRs PRRs NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 75 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 75 12 Mouse Mouse NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 75 13 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 75 14 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 75 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 75 16 MHV MHV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 75 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 75 18 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 75 19 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 75 20 neurotropic neurotropic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 75 21 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 75 22 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 76 1 On on IN cord-337365-hugenn14 76 2 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 76 3 fourth fourth JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 76 4 day day NN cord-337365-hugenn14 76 5 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 76 6 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 76 7 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 76 8 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 76 9 microarray microarray NN cord-337365-hugenn14 76 10 analysis analysis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 76 11 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 76 12 infected infected JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 76 13 mouse mouse NN cord-337365-hugenn14 76 14 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 76 15 showed show VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 76 16 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 76 17 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 76 18 IFN-1 IFN-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 76 19 pathway pathway NN cord-337365-hugenn14 76 20 was be VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 76 21 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 76 22 most most RBS cord-337365-hugenn14 76 23 upregulated upregulated JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 76 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 76 25 14 14 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 76 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 76 27 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 77 1 IFN-1 IFN-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 77 2 protects protect VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 77 3 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 77 4 host host NN cord-337365-hugenn14 77 5 because because IN cord-337365-hugenn14 77 6 treatment treatment NN cord-337365-hugenn14 77 7 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 77 8 exogenous exogenous JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 77 9 IFN IFN NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 77 10 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 77 11 α α NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 77 12 or or CC cord-337365-hugenn14 77 13 IFN IFN NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 77 14 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 77 15 β β NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 77 16 limits limit VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 77 17 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 77 18 replication replication NN cord-337365-hugenn14 77 19 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 77 20 whereas whereas IN cord-337365-hugenn14 77 21 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 77 22 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 77 23 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 77 24 mice mouse NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 77 25 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 77 26 IFN-1 IFN-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 77 27 signaling signal VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 77 28 deficiency deficiency NN cord-337365-hugenn14 77 29 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 77 30 convert convert VB cord-337365-hugenn14 77 31 nonfatal nonfatal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 77 32 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 77 33 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 77 34 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 77 35 lethal lethal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 77 36 type type NN cord-337365-hugenn14 77 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 77 38 15 15 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 77 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 77 40 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 78 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 78 2 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 78 3 mouse mouse NN cord-337365-hugenn14 78 4 model model NN cord-337365-hugenn14 78 5 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 78 6 vesicular vesicular JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 78 7 stomatitis stomatitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 78 8 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 78 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 78 10 VSV VSV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 78 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 78 12 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 78 13 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 78 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 78 15 was be VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 78 16 found find VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 78 17 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 78 18 infected infected JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 78 19 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 78 20 produced produce VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 78 21 IFN-1 IFN-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 78 22 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 78 23 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 78 24 both both DT cord-337365-hugenn14 78 25 infected infected JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 78 26 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 78 27 uninfected uninfected JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 78 28 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 78 29 upregulated upregulate VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 78 30 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 78 31 expression expression NN cord-337365-hugenn14 78 32 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 78 33 IFN IFN NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 78 34 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 78 35 factors factor NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 78 36 7 7 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 78 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 78 38 IRF7 IRF7 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 78 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 78 40 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 78 41 activated activate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 78 42 innate innate JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 78 43 immunity immunity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 78 44 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 78 45 limits limit VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 78 46 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 78 47 transsynaptic transsynaptic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 78 48 spread spread NN cord-337365-hugenn14 78 49 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 78 50 VSV VSV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 78 51 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 78 52 16 16 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 78 53 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 78 54 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 79 1 Viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 79 2 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 79 3 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 79 4 induce induce VB cord-337365-hugenn14 79 5 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 79 6 expression expression NN cord-337365-hugenn14 79 7 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 79 8 IFN IFN NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 79 9 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 79 10 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 79 11 genes gene NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 79 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 79 13 ISGs ISGs NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 79 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 79 15 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 79 16 thereby thereby RB cord-337365-hugenn14 79 17 interfering interfere VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 79 18 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 79 19 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 79 20 replication replication NN cord-337365-hugenn14 79 21 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 79 22 promoting promote VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 79 23 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 79 24 clearance clearance NN cord-337365-hugenn14 79 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 79 26 16 16 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 79 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 79 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 79 29 see see VB cord-337365-hugenn14 79 30 Fig Fig NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 79 31 . . NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 79 32 1 1 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 79 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 79 34 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 80 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 80 2 express express VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 80 3 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 80 4 wide wide JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 80 5 range range NN cord-337365-hugenn14 80 6 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 80 7 PRRs prr NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 80 8 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 80 9 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 80 10 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 80 11 important important JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 80 12 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 80 13 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 80 14 defense defense NN cord-337365-hugenn14 80 15 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 80 16 HSV-1 HSV-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 80 17 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 81 1 Virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 81 2 induces induce VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 81 3 expression expression NN cord-337365-hugenn14 81 4 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 81 5 IFN-1 IFN-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 81 6 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 81 7 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 81 8 recognition recognition NN cord-337365-hugenn14 81 9 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 81 10 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 81 11 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 81 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 81 13 RNA-/DNA rna-/dna NN cord-337365-hugenn14 81 14 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 81 15 sensing sense VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 81 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 81 17 PRRs PRRs NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 81 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 81 19 7 7 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 81 20 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 81 21 8 8 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 81 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 81 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 81 24 see see VB cord-337365-hugenn14 81 25 Table table NN cord-337365-hugenn14 81 26 1 1 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 81 27 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 81 28 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 81 29 summary summary NN cord-337365-hugenn14 81 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 81 31 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 82 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 82 2 combination combination NN cord-337365-hugenn14 82 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 82 4 IFN-1 IFN-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 82 5 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 82 6 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 82 7 heterodimeric heterodimeric JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 82 8 receptor receptor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 82 9 IFNAR IFNAR NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 82 10 produces produce VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 82 11 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 82 12 cellular cellular JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 82 13 response response NN cord-337365-hugenn14 82 14 that that WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 82 15 initiates initiate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 82 16 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 82 17 signaling signal VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 82 18 cascade cascade NN cord-337365-hugenn14 82 19 that that WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 82 20 promotes promote VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 82 21 heterodimers heterodimer NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 82 22 STAT stat NN cord-337365-hugenn14 82 23 1/2 1/2 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 82 24 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 82 25 translocation translocation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 82 26 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 82 27 transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 82 28 activation activation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 82 29 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 82 30 ISGs ISGs NNPS cord-337365-hugenn14 82 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 82 32 17 17 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 82 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 82 34 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 83 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 83 2 rapid rapid JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 83 3 expression expression NN cord-337365-hugenn14 83 4 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 83 5 hundreds hundred NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 83 6 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 83 7 ISGs ISGs NNPS cord-337365-hugenn14 83 8 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 83 9 critical critical JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 83 10 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 83 11 controlling control VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 83 12 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 83 13 infections infection NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 83 14 because because IN cord-337365-hugenn14 83 15 these these DT cord-337365-hugenn14 83 16 proteins protein NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 83 17 block block VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 83 18 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 83 19 entry entry NN cord-337365-hugenn14 83 20 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 83 21 translation translation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 83 22 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 83 23 transcription transcription NN cord-337365-hugenn14 83 24 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 83 25 assembly assembly NN cord-337365-hugenn14 83 26 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 83 27 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 83 28 efflux efflux NN cord-337365-hugenn14 83 29 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 83 30 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 83 31 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 83 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 83 33 18 18 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 83 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 83 35 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 84 1 Cytosolic Cytosolic NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 84 2 dsDNAs dsdna NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 84 3 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 84 4 induce induce VB cord-337365-hugenn14 84 5 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 84 6 strong strong JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 84 7 innate innate JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 84 8 immune immune JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 84 9 response response NN cord-337365-hugenn14 84 10 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 85 1 GMP GMP NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 85 2 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 85 3 AMP AMP NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 85 4 synthase synthase NN cord-337365-hugenn14 85 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 85 6 cGAS cGAS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 85 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 85 8 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 85 9 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 85 10 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 85 11 DNA dna NN cord-337365-hugenn14 85 12 receptor receptor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 85 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 85 14 19 19 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 85 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 85 16 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 86 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 86 2 binding binding NN cord-337365-hugenn14 86 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 86 4 cGAS cgas NN cord-337365-hugenn14 86 5 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 86 6 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 86 7 DNA DNA NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 86 8 produces produce VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 86 9 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 86 10 second second JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 86 11 messenger messenger NN cord-337365-hugenn14 86 12 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 86 13 cyclic cyclic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 86 14 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 86 15 GMP GMP NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 86 16 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 86 17 AMP AMP NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 86 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 86 19 cGAMP cGAMP NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 86 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 86 21 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 86 22 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 86 23 activates activate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 86 24 downstream downstream JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 86 25 STING sting NN cord-337365-hugenn14 86 26 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 86 27 ultimately ultimately RB cord-337365-hugenn14 86 28 activates activate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 86 29 transcription transcription NN cord-337365-hugenn14 86 30 factor factor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 86 31 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 86 32 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 86 33 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 86 34 promotes promote VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 86 35 IFN IFN NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 86 36 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 86 37 β β NN cord-337365-hugenn14 86 38 production production NN cord-337365-hugenn14 86 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 86 40 8 8 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 86 41 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 86 42 20 20 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 86 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 86 44 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 87 1 Different different JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 87 2 types type NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 87 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 87 4 PRRs prr NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 87 5 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 87 6 be be VB cord-337365-hugenn14 87 7 involved involve VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 87 8 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 87 9 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 87 10 identification identification NN cord-337365-hugenn14 87 11 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 87 12 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 87 13 infections infection NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 87 14 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 87 15 including include VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 87 16 membrane membrane NN cord-337365-hugenn14 87 17 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 87 18 associated associate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 87 19 TLRs TLRs NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 87 20 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 87 21 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 87 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 87 23 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 87 24 sensing sense VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 87 25 RIG rig NN cord-337365-hugenn14 87 26 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 87 27 like like JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 87 28 receptors receptor NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 87 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 87 30 RLRs RLRs NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 87 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 87 32 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 87 33 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 87 34 DNA dna NN cord-337365-hugenn14 87 35 sensors sensor NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 87 36 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 88 1 PRRS PRRS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 88 2 activates activate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 88 3 IFN IFN NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 88 4 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 88 5 factors factor NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 88 6 3 3 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 88 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 88 8 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 88 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 88 10 through through IN cord-337365-hugenn14 88 11 unique unique JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 88 12 adaptor adaptor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 88 13 molecules molecule NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 88 14 such such JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 88 15 as as IN cord-337365-hugenn14 88 16 TIR TIR NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 88 17 domain domain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 88 18 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 88 19 containing contain VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 88 20 adaptor adaptor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 88 21 inducing induce VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 88 22 IFN IFN NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 88 23 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 88 24 β β NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 88 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 88 26 TRIF TRIF NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 88 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 88 28 , , . cord-337365-hugenn14 89 1 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 89 2 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 89 3 signaling signaling NN cord-337365-hugenn14 89 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 89 5 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 89 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 89 7 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 89 8 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 89 9 stimulator stimulator NN cord-337365-hugenn14 89 10 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 89 11 type type NN cord-337365-hugenn14 90 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 90 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 90 3 genes gene NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 90 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 90 5 STING sting NN cord-337365-hugenn14 90 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 91 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 91 2 21 21 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 91 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 91 4 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 92 1 Mutations mutation NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 92 2 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 92 3 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 92 4 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 92 5 gene gene NN cord-337365-hugenn14 92 6 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 92 7 herpes herpes NN cord-337365-hugenn14 92 8 simplex simplex NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 92 9 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 93 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 93 2 HSE HSE NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 93 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 93 4 patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 93 5 impaired impair VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 94 1 interferon interferon NN cord-337365-hugenn14 94 2 production production NN cord-337365-hugenn14 94 3 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 94 4 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 94 5 TLR3-TRIF tlr3-trif NN cord-337365-hugenn14 94 6 pathway pathway NN cord-337365-hugenn14 94 7 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 94 8 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 94 9 most most RBS cord-337365-hugenn14 94 10 severely severely RB cord-337365-hugenn14 94 11 damaged damage VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 94 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 94 13 22 22 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 94 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 94 15 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 95 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 95 2 cGAS cgas NN cord-337365-hugenn14 95 3 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 95 4 STING sting NN cord-337365-hugenn14 95 5 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 95 6 TLR3-TRIF tlr3-trif NN cord-337365-hugenn14 95 7 pathways pathway NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 95 8 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 95 9 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 95 10 major major JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 95 11 intrinsic intrinsic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 95 12 sensing sensing NN cord-337365-hugenn14 95 13 pathways pathway NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 95 14 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 95 15 control control VB cord-337365-hugenn14 95 16 HSV1 hsv1 JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 95 17 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 95 18 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 95 19 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 95 20 CNS CNS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 95 21 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 96 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 96 2 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 96 3 induce induce VB cord-337365-hugenn14 96 4 IFN IFN NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 96 5 responses response NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 96 6 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 96 7 recognizing recognize VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 96 8 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 96 9 pathogen pathogen NN cord-337365-hugenn14 96 10 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 96 11 associated associate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 96 12 molecular molecular JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 96 13 patterns pattern NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 96 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 96 15 PAMPs PAMPs NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 96 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 96 17 through through IN cord-337365-hugenn14 96 18 PRRs prr NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 96 19 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 97 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 97 2 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 97 3 typical typical JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 97 4 IFN-1 IFN-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 97 5 response response NN cord-337365-hugenn14 97 6 pattern pattern NN cord-337365-hugenn14 97 7 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 97 8 PRRs PRRs NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 97 9 first first RB cord-337365-hugenn14 97 10 induce induce VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 97 11 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 97 12 production production NN cord-337365-hugenn14 97 13 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 97 14 IFN IFN NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 97 15 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 97 16 β β NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 97 17 after after IN cord-337365-hugenn14 97 18 recognition recognition NN cord-337365-hugenn14 97 19 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 97 20 PAMPs pamp NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 97 21 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 97 22 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 97 23 then then RB cord-337365-hugenn14 97 24 IFN IFN NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 97 25 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 97 26 β β NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 97 27 binds bind VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 97 28 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 97 29 IFN IFN NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 97 30 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 97 31 α α NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 97 32 receptor receptor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 98 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 98 2 IFNαR ifnαr NN cord-337365-hugenn14 98 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 98 4 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 98 5 initiate initiate VB cord-337365-hugenn14 98 6 IRF7 IRF7 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 98 7 gene gene NN cord-337365-hugenn14 98 8 expression expression NN cord-337365-hugenn14 98 9 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 98 10 an an DT cord-337365-hugenn14 98 11 autocrine autocrine JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 98 12 or or CC cord-337365-hugenn14 98 13 paracrine paracrine JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 98 14 manner manner NN cord-337365-hugenn14 98 15 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 98 16 enables enable VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 98 17 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 98 18 complete complete JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 98 19 IFN-1 IFN-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 98 20 response response NN cord-337365-hugenn14 98 21 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 98 22 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 98 23 spread spread NN cord-337365-hugenn14 98 24 or or CC cord-337365-hugenn14 98 25 secondary secondary JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 98 26 infections infection NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 98 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 98 28 23 23 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 98 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 98 30 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 99 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 99 2 order order NN cord-337365-hugenn14 99 3 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 99 4 simulate simulate VB cord-337365-hugenn14 99 5 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 99 6 natural natural JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 99 7 pathway pathway NN cord-337365-hugenn14 99 8 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 99 9 HSV-1 HSV-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 99 10 entering enter VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 99 11 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 99 12 central central JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 99 13 nervous nervous JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 99 14 system system NN cord-337365-hugenn14 99 15 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 99 16 retrograde retrograde JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 99 17 transport transport NN cord-337365-hugenn14 99 18 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 99 19 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 99 20 previous previous JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 99 21 experiment experiment NN cord-337365-hugenn14 99 22 used use VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 99 23 an an DT cord-337365-hugenn14 99 24 ocular ocular JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 99 25 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 99 26 model model NN cord-337365-hugenn14 99 27 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 100 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 100 2 was be VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 100 3 confirmed confirm VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 100 4 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 100 5 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 100 6 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 100 7 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 100 8 main main JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 100 9 source source NN cord-337365-hugenn14 100 10 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 100 11 HSV HSV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 100 12 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 100 13 induced induce VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 100 14 IFN-1 IFN-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 100 15 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 100 16 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 100 17 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 100 18 induced induce VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 100 19 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 100 20 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 100 21 cGAS cgas JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 100 22 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 100 23 STING sting NN cord-337365-hugenn14 100 24 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 100 25 dependent dependent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 100 26 manner manner NN cord-337365-hugenn14 100 27 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 101 1 Infected infected JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 101 2 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 101 3 including include VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 101 4 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 101 5 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 101 6 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 101 7 detected detect VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 101 8 HSV-1 hsv-1 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 101 9 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 101 10 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 101 11 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 101 12 DNA dna NN cord-337365-hugenn14 101 13 receptor receptor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 101 14 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 101 15 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 101 16 adaptor adaptor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 101 17 protein protein NN cord-337365-hugenn14 101 18 STING STING NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 101 19 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 102 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 102 2 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 102 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 102 4 mice mouse NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 102 5 lacking lack VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 102 6 cGAS cgas NN cord-337365-hugenn14 102 7 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 102 8 STING sting NN cord-337365-hugenn14 102 9 detected detect VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 102 10 higher high JJR cord-337365-hugenn14 102 11 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 102 12 load load NN cord-337365-hugenn14 102 13 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 102 14 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 102 15 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 102 16 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 102 17 spread spread VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 102 18 widely widely RB cord-337365-hugenn14 102 19 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 102 20 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 102 21 midbrain midbrain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 102 22 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 102 23 hypothalamus hypothalamus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 102 24 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 102 25 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 102 26 preoptic preoptic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 102 27 area area NN cord-337365-hugenn14 102 28 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 103 1 However however RB cord-337365-hugenn14 103 2 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 103 3 studies study NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 103 4 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 103 5 shown show VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 103 6 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 103 7 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 103 8 recruitment recruitment NN cord-337365-hugenn14 103 9 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 103 10 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 103 11 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 103 12 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 103 13 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 103 14 site site NN cord-337365-hugenn14 103 15 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 103 16 not not RB cord-337365-hugenn14 103 17 related relate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 103 18 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 103 19 STING sting VB cord-337365-hugenn14 103 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 103 21 24 24 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 103 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 103 23 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 104 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 104 2 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 104 3 model model NN cord-337365-hugenn14 104 4 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 104 5 MHV MHV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 104 6 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 104 7 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 104 8 depletion depletion NN cord-337365-hugenn14 104 9 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 104 10 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 104 11 using use VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 104 12 colony colony NN cord-337365-hugenn14 104 13 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 104 14 stimulating stimulate VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 104 15 factor factor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 104 16 1 1 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 104 17 receptor receptor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 104 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 104 19 CSF1R CSF1R NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 104 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 105 1 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 105 2 revealed reveal VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 105 3 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 105 4 depletion depletion NN cord-337365-hugenn14 105 5 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 105 6 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 105 7 at at IN cord-337365-hugenn14 105 8 0 0 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 105 9 - - SYM cord-337365-hugenn14 105 10 6 6 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 105 11 days day NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 105 12 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 105 13 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 105 14 would would MD cord-337365-hugenn14 105 15 result result VB cord-337365-hugenn14 105 16 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 105 17 increased increase VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 105 18 mortality mortality NN cord-337365-hugenn14 105 19 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 105 20 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 105 21 later later JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 105 22 depletion depletion NN cord-337365-hugenn14 105 23 had have VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 105 24 no no DT cord-337365-hugenn14 105 25 influences influence NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 105 26 on on IN cord-337365-hugenn14 105 27 survival survival NN cord-337365-hugenn14 105 28 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 106 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 106 2 indicated indicate VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 106 3 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 106 4 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 106 5 play play VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 106 6 an an DT cord-337365-hugenn14 106 7 important important JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 106 8 role role NN cord-337365-hugenn14 106 9 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 106 10 controlling control VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 106 11 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 106 12 replication replication NN cord-337365-hugenn14 106 13 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 106 14 reducing reduce VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 106 15 mortality mortality NN cord-337365-hugenn14 106 16 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 106 17 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 106 18 early early JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 106 19 stage stage NN cord-337365-hugenn14 106 20 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 106 21 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 106 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 106 23 14 14 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 106 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 106 25 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 107 1 Upon upon IN cord-337365-hugenn14 107 2 intranasal intranasal NN cord-337365-hugenn14 107 3 vesicular vesicular JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 107 4 stomatitis stomatitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 107 5 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 107 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 107 7 VSV VSV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 107 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 107 9 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 107 10 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 107 11 studies study NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 107 12 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 107 13 found find VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 107 14 activated activate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 107 15 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 107 16 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 107 17 monocyte monocyte NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 107 18 aggregation aggregation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 107 19 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 107 20 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 107 21 olfactory olfactory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 107 22 bulb bulb NN cord-337365-hugenn14 107 23 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 108 1 Studies study NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 108 2 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 108 3 also also RB cord-337365-hugenn14 108 4 shown show VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 108 5 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 108 6 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 108 7 accumulating accumulate VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 108 8 around around IN cord-337365-hugenn14 108 9 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 108 10 olfactory olfactory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 108 11 bulb bulb NN cord-337365-hugenn14 108 12 form form NN cord-337365-hugenn14 108 13 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 108 14 natural natural JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 108 15 immune immune JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 108 16 barrier barrier NN cord-337365-hugenn14 108 17 plays play VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 108 18 an an DT cord-337365-hugenn14 108 19 important important JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 108 20 role role NN cord-337365-hugenn14 108 21 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 108 22 limiting limit VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 108 23 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 108 24 spread spread NN cord-337365-hugenn14 108 25 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 108 26 VSV VSV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 108 27 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 108 28 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 108 29 CNS CNS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 108 30 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 108 31 preventing prevent VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 108 32 lethal lethal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 108 33 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 108 34 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 109 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 109 2 formation formation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 109 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 109 4 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 109 5 intrinsic intrinsic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 109 6 microglia microglia JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 109 7 barrier barrier NN cord-337365-hugenn14 109 8 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 109 9 regulated regulate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 109 10 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 109 11 IFNAR IFNAR NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 109 12 signaling signaling NN cord-337365-hugenn14 109 13 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 109 14 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 109 15 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 109 16 astrocytes astrocyte NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 109 17 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 109 18 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 109 19 not not RB cord-337365-hugenn14 109 20 regulated regulate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 109 21 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 109 22 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 109 23 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 109 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 109 25 25 25 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 109 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 109 27 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 110 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 110 2 has have VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 110 3 been be VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 110 4 previously previously RB cord-337365-hugenn14 110 5 reported report VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 110 6 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 110 7 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 110 8 use use NN cord-337365-hugenn14 110 9 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 110 10 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 110 11 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 110 12 penetrant penetrant JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 110 13 CSF-1R csf-1r JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 110 14 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 110 15 BLZ945 BLZ945 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 110 16 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 110 17 mice mouse NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 110 18 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 110 19 remove remove VB cord-337365-hugenn14 110 20 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 110 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 110 22 26 26 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 110 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 110 24 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 111 1 IL-34 IL-34 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 111 2 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 111 3 as as IN cord-337365-hugenn14 111 4 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 111 5 CSF-1R CSF-1R NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 111 6 ligand ligand NN cord-337365-hugenn14 111 7 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 111 8 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 111 9 essential essential JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 111 10 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 111 11 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 111 12 maintenance maintenance NN cord-337365-hugenn14 111 13 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 111 14 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 111 15 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 112 1 BLZ945 BLZ945 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 112 2 plays play VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 112 3 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 112 4 role role NN cord-337365-hugenn14 112 5 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 112 6 specifically specifically RB cord-337365-hugenn14 112 7 depleting deplete VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 112 8 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 112 9 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 112 10 inhibiting inhibit VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 112 11 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 112 12 interaction interaction NN cord-337365-hugenn14 112 13 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 112 14 CSF-1R CSF-1R NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 112 15 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 112 16 IL-34 IL-34 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 112 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 112 18 27 27 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 112 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 112 20 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 113 1 After after IN cord-337365-hugenn14 113 2 depletion depletion NN cord-337365-hugenn14 113 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 113 4 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 113 5 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 113 6 VSV VSV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 113 7 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 113 8 infected infect VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 113 9 mice mouse NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 113 10 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 113 11 higher high JJR cord-337365-hugenn14 113 12 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 113 13 load load NN cord-337365-hugenn14 113 14 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 113 15 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 113 16 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 113 17 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 113 18 cerebellum cerebellum NN cord-337365-hugenn14 113 19 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 113 20 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 113 21 brainstem brainstem NN cord-337365-hugenn14 113 22 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 113 23 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 113 24 higher high JJR cord-337365-hugenn14 113 25 mortality mortality NN cord-337365-hugenn14 113 26 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 113 27 indicating indicate VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 113 28 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 113 29 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 113 30 formation formation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 113 31 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 113 32 microglia microglia JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 113 33 barrier barrier NN cord-337365-hugenn14 113 34 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 113 35 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 113 36 olfactory olfactory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 113 37 bulb bulb NN cord-337365-hugenn14 113 38 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 113 39 indispensable indispensable JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 113 40 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 113 41 limit limit VB cord-337365-hugenn14 113 42 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 113 43 spread spread NN cord-337365-hugenn14 113 44 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 113 45 spread spread NN cord-337365-hugenn14 113 46 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 113 47 VSV VSV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 113 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 113 49 25 25 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 113 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 113 51 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 114 1 Sall1 Sall1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 114 2 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 114 3 specifically specifically RB cord-337365-hugenn14 114 4 expressed express VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 114 5 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 114 6 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 114 7 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 114 8 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 114 9 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 114 10 negative negative JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 114 11 regulator regulator NN cord-337365-hugenn14 114 12 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 114 13 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 114 14 activation activation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 114 15 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 115 1 Sall1 Sall1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 115 2 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 115 3 downregulated downregulate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 115 4 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 115 5 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 115 6 when when WRB cord-337365-hugenn14 115 7 infected infect VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 115 8 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 115 9 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 115 10 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 115 11 thereby thereby RB cord-337365-hugenn14 115 12 promoting promote VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 115 13 microglia microglia JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 115 14 activation activation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 115 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 115 16 28 28 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 115 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 115 18 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 116 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 116 2 confer confer VB cord-337365-hugenn14 116 3 STING sting NN cord-337365-hugenn14 116 4 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 116 5 dependent dependent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 116 6 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 116 7 activity activity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 116 8 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 116 9 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 116 10 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 116 11 initiate initiate VB cord-337365-hugenn14 116 12 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 116 13 production production NN cord-337365-hugenn14 116 14 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 116 15 IFN-1 IFN-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 116 16 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 116 17 astrocytes astrocyte NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 116 18 via via IN cord-337365-hugenn14 116 19 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 116 20 toll toll NN cord-337365-hugenn14 116 21 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 116 22 like like JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 116 23 receptor receptor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 116 24 3 3 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 117 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 117 2 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 117 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 117 4 pathway pathway NN cord-337365-hugenn14 117 5 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 117 6 24 24 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 117 7 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 117 8 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 118 1 Type type NN cord-337365-hugenn14 118 2 I -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 118 3 IFNAR IFNAR NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 118 4 signaling signal VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 118 5 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 118 6 astrocytes astrocyte NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 118 7 acts act VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 118 8 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 118 9 stabilize stabilize VB cord-337365-hugenn14 118 10 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 118 11 blood blood NN cord-337365-hugenn14 118 12 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 118 13 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 118 14 barrier barrier NN cord-337365-hugenn14 118 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 118 16 BBB BBB NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 118 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 118 18 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 118 19 protect protect VB cord-337365-hugenn14 118 20 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 118 21 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 118 22 from from IN cord-337365-hugenn14 118 23 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 118 24 infections infection NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 118 25 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 118 26 immunopathology immunopathology NN cord-337365-hugenn14 118 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 118 28 see see VB cord-337365-hugenn14 118 29 Fig Fig NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 118 30 . . NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 118 31 1 1 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 118 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 118 33 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 119 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 119 2 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 119 3 mouse mouse NN cord-337365-hugenn14 119 4 model model NN cord-337365-hugenn14 119 5 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 119 6 West West NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 119 7 Nile Nile NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 119 8 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 119 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 119 10 WNV WNV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 119 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 119 12 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 119 13 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 119 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 119 15 was be VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 119 16 found find VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 119 17 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 119 18 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 119 19 permeability permeability NN cord-337365-hugenn14 119 20 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 119 21 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 119 22 BBB BBB NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 119 23 increased increase VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 119 24 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 119 25 mice mouse NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 119 26 lacking lack VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 119 27 IFNAR IFNAR NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 119 28 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 119 29 especially especially RB cord-337365-hugenn14 119 30 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 119 31 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 119 32 hindbrain hindbrain NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 119 33 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 119 34 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 119 35 leads lead VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 119 36 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 119 37 an an DT cord-337365-hugenn14 119 38 increase increase NN cord-337365-hugenn14 119 39 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 119 40 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 119 41 entry entry NN cord-337365-hugenn14 119 42 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 119 43 indicating indicate VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 119 44 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 119 45 IFNAR IFNAR NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 119 46 signaling signaling NN cord-337365-hugenn14 119 47 has have VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 119 48 important important JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 119 49 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 119 50 effects effect NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 119 51 on on IN cord-337365-hugenn14 119 52 BBB BBB NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 119 53 permeability permeability NN cord-337365-hugenn14 119 54 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 119 55 this this DT cord-337365-hugenn14 119 56 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 119 57 region region NN cord-337365-hugenn14 119 58 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 120 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 120 2 study study NN cord-337365-hugenn14 120 3 found find VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 120 4 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 120 5 human human NN cord-337365-hugenn14 120 6 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 120 7 mouse mouse NN cord-337365-hugenn14 120 8 cerebellar cerebellar JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 120 9 astrocytes astrocyte NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 120 10 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 120 11 higher high JJR cord-337365-hugenn14 120 12 expression expression NN cord-337365-hugenn14 120 13 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 120 14 PRRs prr NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 120 15 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 120 16 ISGs ISGs NNPS cord-337365-hugenn14 120 17 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 120 18 both both DT cord-337365-hugenn14 120 19 steady steady JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 120 20 state state NN cord-337365-hugenn14 120 21 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 120 22 IFN IFN NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 120 23 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 120 24 induced induce VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 120 25 state state NN cord-337365-hugenn14 120 26 compared compare VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 120 27 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 120 28 cerebral cerebral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 120 29 cortical cortical JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 120 30 astrocytes astrocyte NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 120 31 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 121 1 Cerebellar cerebellar JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 121 2 astrocytes astrocyte NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 121 3 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 121 4 reach reach VB cord-337365-hugenn14 121 5 maximum maximum JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 121 6 ISG ISG NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 121 7 expression expression NN cord-337365-hugenn14 121 8 more more RBR cord-337365-hugenn14 121 9 quickly quickly RB cord-337365-hugenn14 121 10 after after IN cord-337365-hugenn14 121 11 receiving receive VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 121 12 IFN IFN NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 121 13 stimulation stimulation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 121 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 121 15 29 29 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 121 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 121 17 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 122 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 122 2 vitro vitro FW cord-337365-hugenn14 122 3 studies study NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 122 4 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 122 5 shown show VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 122 6 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 122 7 IFNAR IFNAR NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 122 8 pathways pathway NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 122 9 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 122 10 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 122 11 microvascular microvascular JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 122 12 endothelial endothelial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 122 13 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 122 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 122 15 BMECs bmec NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 122 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 122 17 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 122 18 astrocytes astrocyte NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 122 19 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 122 20 both both DT cord-337365-hugenn14 122 21 promote promote VB cord-337365-hugenn14 122 22 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 122 23 integrity integrity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 122 24 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 122 25 tight tight JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 122 26 junction junction NN cord-337365-hugenn14 122 27 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 123 1 Studies study NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 123 2 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 123 3 shown show VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 123 4 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 123 5 IFN-1 IFN-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 123 6 stabilizes stabilize VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 123 7 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 123 8 integrity integrity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 123 9 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 123 10 BBB BBB NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 123 11 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 123 12 promotes promote VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 123 13 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 123 14 formation formation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 123 15 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 123 16 tight tight JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 123 17 junctions junction NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 123 18 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 123 19 rearranging rearrange VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 123 20 endothelial endothelial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 123 21 junction junction NN cord-337365-hugenn14 123 22 proteins protein NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 123 23 via via IN cord-337365-hugenn14 123 24 Rho Rho NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 123 25 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 123 26 Rac Rac NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 123 27 signaling signal VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 123 28 pathways pathway NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 123 29 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 123 30 promoting promote VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 123 31 BBB BBB NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 123 32 tightening tightening NN cord-337365-hugenn14 123 33 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 123 34 blocking block VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 123 35 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 123 36 expression expression NN cord-337365-hugenn14 123 37 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 123 38 IL-1β IL-1β NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 123 39 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 123 40 TNF TNF NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 123 41 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 123 42 α α NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 123 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 123 44 30 30 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 123 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 123 46 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 124 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 124 2 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 124 3 well well RB cord-337365-hugenn14 124 4 known know VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 124 5 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 124 6 vascular vascular JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 124 7 cell cell NN cord-337365-hugenn14 124 8 adhesion adhesion NN cord-337365-hugenn14 124 9 molecule molecule NN cord-337365-hugenn14 124 10 1 1 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 124 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 124 12 VCAM-1 VCAM-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 124 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 124 14 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 124 15 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 124 16 neuroinflammatory neuroinflammatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 124 17 regulator regulator NN cord-337365-hugenn14 124 18 on on IN cord-337365-hugenn14 124 19 vascular vascular JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 124 20 endothelial endothelial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 124 21 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 124 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 124 23 31 31 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 124 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 124 25 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 125 1 IFN-1 IFN-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 125 2 regulates regulate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 125 3 immune immune JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 125 4 transport transport NN cord-337365-hugenn14 125 5 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 125 6 regulating regulate VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 125 7 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 125 8 expression expression NN cord-337365-hugenn14 125 9 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 125 10 VCAM-1 VCAM-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 125 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 125 12 CD CD NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 125 13 106 106 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 125 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 125 15 on on IN cord-337365-hugenn14 125 16 neurovasculature neurovasculature NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 125 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 125 18 32 32 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 125 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 125 20 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 126 1 IFN IFN NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 126 2 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 126 3 β β NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 126 4 treatment treatment NN cord-337365-hugenn14 126 5 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 126 6 either either DT cord-337365-hugenn14 126 7 human human JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 126 8 or or CC cord-337365-hugenn14 126 9 mouse mouse NN cord-337365-hugenn14 126 10 primary primary JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 126 11 astrocyte astrocyte NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 126 12 cultures culture NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 126 13 from from IN cord-337365-hugenn14 126 14 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 126 15 cerebellum cerebellum NN cord-337365-hugenn14 126 16 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 126 17 but but CC cord-337365-hugenn14 126 18 not not RB cord-337365-hugenn14 126 19 from from IN cord-337365-hugenn14 126 20 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 126 21 cerebral cerebral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 126 22 cortex cortex NN cord-337365-hugenn14 126 23 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 126 24 significantly significantly RB cord-337365-hugenn14 126 25 downregulates downregulate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 126 26 VCAM-1 VCAM-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 126 27 expression expression NN cord-337365-hugenn14 126 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 126 29 29 29 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 126 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 126 31 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 127 1 Drug drug NN cord-337365-hugenn14 127 2 blocking blocking NN cord-337365-hugenn14 127 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 127 4 VCAM-1 VCAM-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 127 5 binding bind VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 127 6 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 127 7 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-337365-hugenn14 127 8 ligand ligand NN cord-337365-hugenn14 127 9 leukocyte leukocyte NN cord-337365-hugenn14 127 10 adhesion adhesion NN cord-337365-hugenn14 127 11 molecule molecule NN cord-337365-hugenn14 127 12 4 4 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 127 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 127 14 VLA-4 VLA-4 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 127 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 127 16 has have VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 127 17 been be VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 127 18 shown show VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 127 19 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 127 20 reduce reduce VB cord-337365-hugenn14 127 21 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 127 22 neuroinflammation neuroinflammation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 127 23 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 127 24 improve improve VB cord-337365-hugenn14 127 25 survival survival NN cord-337365-hugenn14 127 26 after after IN cord-337365-hugenn14 127 27 WNV WNV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 127 28 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 127 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 127 30 33 33 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 127 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 127 32 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 128 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 128 2 IFNAR IFNAR NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 128 3 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 128 4 deficient deficient JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 128 5 mice mouse NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 128 6 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 128 7 cerebellar cerebellar JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 128 8 Vasek Vasek NNPS cord-337365-hugenn14 128 9 et et FW cord-337365-hugenn14 128 10 al al NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 128 11 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 129 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 129 2 52 52 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 129 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 130 1 Complement complement JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 130 2 C3 C3 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 130 3 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 130 4 C3 c3 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 130 5 cleavage cleavage NN cord-337365-hugenn14 130 6 products product NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 130 7 C3R C3R NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 130 8 Cell Cell NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 130 9 surface surface NN cord-337365-hugenn14 130 10 Damaging damaging NN cord-337365-hugenn14 130 11 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 130 12 presynaptic presynaptic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 130 13 ends end NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 130 14 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 130 15 resulting result VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 130 16 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 130 17 visual visual JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 130 18 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 130 19 spatial spatial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 130 20 processing processing NN cord-337365-hugenn14 130 21 disorders disorder NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 130 22 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 130 23 impaired impaired JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 130 24 memory memory NN cord-337365-hugenn14 130 25 function function NN cord-337365-hugenn14 130 26 infiltrating infiltrate VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 130 27 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 130 28 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 130 29 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 130 30 were be VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 130 31 significantly significantly RB cord-337365-hugenn14 130 32 reduced reduce VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 130 33 after after IN cord-337365-hugenn14 130 34 treatment treatment NN cord-337365-hugenn14 130 35 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 130 36 VLA-4 VLA-4 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 130 37 blocker blocker NN cord-337365-hugenn14 130 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 130 39 29 29 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 130 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 130 41 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 131 1 Loss loss NN cord-337365-hugenn14 131 2 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 131 3 astrocyte astrocyte NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 131 4 IFNAR IFNAR NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 131 5 signaling signal VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 131 6 pathway pathway NN cord-337365-hugenn14 131 7 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 131 8 cause cause VB cord-337365-hugenn14 131 9 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 131 10 variety variety NN cord-337365-hugenn14 131 11 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 131 12 consequences consequence NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 131 13 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 131 14 including include VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 131 15 increased increase VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 131 16 expression expression NN cord-337365-hugenn14 131 17 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 131 18 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 131 19 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 131 20 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 131 21 chemokines chemokine NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 131 22 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 131 23 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 131 24 disrupt disrupt VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 131 25 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 131 26 blood blood NN cord-337365-hugenn14 131 27 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 131 28 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 131 29 barrier barrier NN cord-337365-hugenn14 131 30 during during IN cord-337365-hugenn14 131 31 neurotropic neurotropic NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 131 32 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 131 33 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 131 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 131 35 30 30 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 131 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 131 37 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 132 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 132 2 different different JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 132 3 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 132 4 regions region NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 132 5 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 132 6 transcription transcription NN cord-337365-hugenn14 132 7 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 132 8 immunophenotypic immunophenotypic NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 132 9 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 132 10 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 132 11 bioenergetic bioenergetic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 132 12 properties property NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 132 13 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 132 14 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 132 15 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 132 16 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 132 17 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 133 1 Cerebellar cerebellar JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 133 2 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 133 3 hippocampal hippocampal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 133 4 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 133 5 maintain maintain VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 133 6 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 133 7 stronger strong JJR cord-337365-hugenn14 133 8 immune immune JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 133 9 alert alert JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 133 10 status status NN cord-337365-hugenn14 133 11 than than IN cord-337365-hugenn14 133 12 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 133 13 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 133 14 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 133 15 striatum striatum NN cord-337365-hugenn14 133 16 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 133 17 cortex cortex NN cord-337365-hugenn14 133 18 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 134 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 134 2 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 134 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 134 4 different different JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 134 5 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 134 6 regions region NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 134 7 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 134 8 aging age VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 134 9 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 134 10 different different JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 134 11 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 134 12 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 134 13 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 134 14 cerebellum cerebellum NN cord-337365-hugenn14 134 15 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 134 16 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 134 17 most most RBS cord-337365-hugenn14 134 18 obvious obvious JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 134 19 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 135 1 This this DT cord-337365-hugenn14 135 2 suggests suggest VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 135 3 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 135 4 different different JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 135 5 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 135 6 regions region NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 135 7 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 135 8 different different JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 135 9 responses response NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 135 10 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 135 11 aging age VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 135 12 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 135 13 related relate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 135 14 neurodegenerative neurodegenerative JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 135 15 lesions lesion NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 135 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 135 17 34 34 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 135 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 135 19 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 136 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 136 2 also also RB cord-337365-hugenn14 136 3 affect affect VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 136 4 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 136 5 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 136 6 immune immune JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 136 7 response response NN cord-337365-hugenn14 136 8 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 137 1 Depletion depletion NN cord-337365-hugenn14 137 2 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 137 3 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 137 4 changes change VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 137 5 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 137 6 response response NN cord-337365-hugenn14 137 7 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 137 8 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 137 9 + + CC cord-337365-hugenn14 137 10 T T NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 137 11 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 137 12 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 137 13 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 137 14 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 137 15 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 137 16 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 137 17 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 137 18 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 137 19 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 137 20 total total JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 137 21 number number NN cord-337365-hugenn14 137 22 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 137 23 percentage percentage NN cord-337365-hugenn14 137 24 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 137 25 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 137 26 + + CC cord-337365-hugenn14 137 27 T T NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 137 28 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 137 29 decrease decrease VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 137 30 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 137 31 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 137 32 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 137 33 frequency frequency NN cord-337365-hugenn14 137 34 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 137 35 number number NN cord-337365-hugenn14 137 36 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 137 37 Tregs Tregs NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 138 1 also also RB cord-337365-hugenn14 138 2 decrease decrease VB cord-337365-hugenn14 138 3 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 138 4 indicating indicate VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 138 5 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 138 6 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 138 7 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 138 8 crucial crucial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 138 9 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 138 10 fully fully RB cord-337365-hugenn14 138 11 activating activate VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 138 12 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 138 13 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 138 14 specific specific JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 138 15 T t NN cord-337365-hugenn14 138 16 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 138 17 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 139 1 Deletion deletion NN cord-337365-hugenn14 139 2 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 139 3 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 139 4 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 139 5 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 139 6 early early JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 139 7 stages stage NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 139 8 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 139 9 WHV WHV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 139 10 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 139 11 exacerbates exacerbate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 139 12 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 139 13 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 139 14 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 139 15 may may MD cord-337365-hugenn14 139 16 be be VB cord-337365-hugenn14 139 17 associated associate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 139 18 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 139 19 loss loss NN cord-337365-hugenn14 139 20 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 139 21 microglial microglial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 139 22 antigen antigen NN cord-337365-hugenn14 139 23 presentation presentation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 139 24 function function NN cord-337365-hugenn14 139 25 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 139 26 as as IN cord-337365-hugenn14 139 27 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 139 28 participates participate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 139 29 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 139 30 antigen antigen NN cord-337365-hugenn14 139 31 presentation presentation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 139 32 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 139 33 upregulating upregulate VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 139 34 Tap1 Tap1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 139 35 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 139 36 Itgax Itgax NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 139 37 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 140 1 Depletion depletion NN cord-337365-hugenn14 140 2 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 140 3 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 140 4 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 140 5 also also RB cord-337365-hugenn14 140 6 result result VB cord-337365-hugenn14 140 7 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 140 8 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 140 9 loss loss NN cord-337365-hugenn14 140 10 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 140 11 major major JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 140 12 MHC MHC NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 140 13 II II NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 140 14 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 140 15 expressing express VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 140 16 cell cell NN cord-337365-hugenn14 140 17 type type NN cord-337365-hugenn14 140 18 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 140 19 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 140 20 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 140 21 also also RB cord-337365-hugenn14 140 22 result result VB cord-337365-hugenn14 140 23 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 140 24 decreased decreased JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 140 25 expression expression NN cord-337365-hugenn14 140 26 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 140 27 MHC MHC NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 140 28 II II NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 140 29 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 140 30 incoming incoming JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 140 31 monocytes monocyte NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 140 32 / / SYM cord-337365-hugenn14 140 33 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 140 34 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 141 1 Because because IN cord-337365-hugenn14 141 2 MHC MHC NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 141 3 II II NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 141 4 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 141 5 required require VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 141 6 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 141 7 re re NN cord-337365-hugenn14 141 8 - - NN cord-337365-hugenn14 141 9 stimulation stimulation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 141 10 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 141 11 activation activation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 141 12 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 141 13 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 141 14 + + CC cord-337365-hugenn14 141 15 T T NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 141 16 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 141 17 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 141 18 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 141 19 decrease decrease NN cord-337365-hugenn14 141 20 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 141 21 MHC MHC NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 141 22 II II NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 141 23 reduces reduce VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 141 24 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 141 25 response response NN cord-337365-hugenn14 141 26 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 141 27 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 141 28 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 141 29 specific specific JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 141 30 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 141 31 + + CC cord-337365-hugenn14 141 32 T t NN cord-337365-hugenn14 141 33 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 141 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 141 35 14 14 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 141 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 141 37 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 142 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 142 2 addition addition NN cord-337365-hugenn14 142 3 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 142 4 producing produce VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 142 5 IFN-1 IFN-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 142 6 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 142 7 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 142 8 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 142 9 also also RB cord-337365-hugenn14 142 10 produce produce VB cord-337365-hugenn14 142 11 other other JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 142 12 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 142 13 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 143 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 143 2 vitro vitro FW cord-337365-hugenn14 143 3 cell cell NN cord-337365-hugenn14 143 4 culture culture NN cord-337365-hugenn14 143 5 demonstrates demonstrate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 143 6 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 143 7 cytomegalovirus cytomegalovirus NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 143 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 143 9 CMV)-infected cmv)-infecte VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 143 10 astrocytes astrocyte NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 143 11 recruit recruit VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 143 12 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 143 13 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 143 14 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 143 15 infected infected JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 143 16 foci foci NN cord-337365-hugenn14 143 17 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 143 18 releasing release VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 143 19 monocyte monocyte NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 143 20 chemoattractant chemoattractant NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 143 21 protein protein NN cord-337365-hugenn14 143 22 1 1 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 143 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 143 24 MCP-1 MCP-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 143 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 143 26 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 144 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 144 2 produces produce VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 144 3 tumor tumor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 144 4 necrosis necrosis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 144 5 factor factor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 144 6 α α NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 144 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 144 8 TNFα TNFα NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 144 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 144 10 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 144 11 interleukin interleukin NN cord-337365-hugenn14 144 12 1β 1β NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 144 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 144 14 IL-1β IL-1β NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 144 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 144 16 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 144 17 interleukin interleukin NN cord-337365-hugenn14 144 18 6 6 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 144 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 144 20 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 144 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 144 22 exerting exert VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 144 23 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 144 24 effect effect NN cord-337365-hugenn14 144 25 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 144 26 inhibiting inhibit VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 144 27 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 144 28 replication replication NN cord-337365-hugenn14 144 29 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 144 30 CMV CMV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 144 31 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 144 32 astrocytes astrocyte NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 144 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 144 34 35 35 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 144 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 144 36 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 145 1 CMV CMV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 145 2 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 145 3 infected infect VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 145 4 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 145 5 produce produce VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 145 6 T T NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 145 7 lymphocyte lymphocyte NN cord-337365-hugenn14 145 8 chemotactic chemotactic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 145 9 factor factor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 145 10 CXCL CXCL NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 145 11 10 10 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 145 12 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 145 13 recruiting recruit VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 145 14 activated activate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 145 15 T t NN cord-337365-hugenn14 145 16 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 145 17 into into IN cord-337365-hugenn14 145 18 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 145 19 infected infected JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 145 20 area area NN cord-337365-hugenn14 145 21 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 145 22 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 145 23 T t NN cord-337365-hugenn14 145 24 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 145 25 produce produce VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 145 26 IFN IFN NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 145 27 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 145 28 γ γ NN cord-337365-hugenn14 145 29 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 145 30 inhibit inhibit VB cord-337365-hugenn14 145 31 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 145 32 replication replication NN cord-337365-hugenn14 145 33 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 145 34 dissemination dissemination NN cord-337365-hugenn14 145 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 145 36 36 36 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 145 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 145 38 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 146 1 Even even RB cord-337365-hugenn14 146 2 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 146 3 limited limited JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 146 4 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 146 5 replication replication NN cord-337365-hugenn14 146 6 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 146 7 cytopathic cytopathic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 146 8 effects effect NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 146 9 were be VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 146 10 evident evident JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 146 11 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 146 12 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 146 13 HSV HSV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 146 14 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 146 15 infected infect VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 146 16 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 146 17 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 147 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 147 2 responded respond VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 147 3 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 147 4 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 147 5 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 147 6 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 147 7 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 147 8 producing produce VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 147 9 considerable considerable JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 147 10 amounts amount NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 147 11 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 147 12 TNF TNF NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 147 13 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 147 14 α α NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 147 15 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 147 16 IL-1β IL-1β NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 147 17 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 147 18 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 147 19 IP-10 IP-10 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 147 20 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 148 1 TNF TNF NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 148 2 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 148 3 α α NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 148 4 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 148 5 HSV HSV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 148 6 replication replication NN cord-337365-hugenn14 148 7 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 148 8 astrocytes astrocyte NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 148 9 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 148 10 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 148 11 IP-10 IP-10 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 148 12 possesses possess VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 148 13 direct direct JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 148 14 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 148 15 activity activity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 148 16 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 148 17 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 148 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 148 19 37 37 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 148 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 148 21 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 149 1 Inflammation inflammation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 149 2 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 149 3 induced induce VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 149 4 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 149 5 STING sting NN cord-337365-hugenn14 149 6 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 149 7 dependent dependent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 149 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 149 9 limits limit VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 149 10 Zika Zika NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 149 11 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 149 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 149 13 ZIKV zikv NN cord-337365-hugenn14 149 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 149 15 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 149 16 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 149 17 Drosophila drosophila JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 149 18 brains brain NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 149 19 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 150 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 150 2 activation activation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 150 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 150 4 NF NF NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 150 5 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 150 6 kB kB NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 150 7 dependent dependent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 150 8 on on IN cord-337365-hugenn14 150 9 ZIKV ZIKV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 150 10 induces induce VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 150 11 expression expression NN cord-337365-hugenn14 150 12 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 150 13 Drosophila drosophila JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 150 14 stimulator stimulator NN cord-337365-hugenn14 150 15 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 150 16 interferon interferon NN cord-337365-hugenn14 150 17 genes gene NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 150 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 150 19 dSTING dsting JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 150 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 150 21 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 150 22 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 150 23 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 150 24 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 151 1 dSTING dSTING NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 151 2 protects protect VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 151 3 against against IN cord-337365-hugenn14 151 4 ZIKV ZIKV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 151 5 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 151 6 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 151 7 inducing induce VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 151 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 151 9 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 151 10 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 151 11 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 151 12 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 152 1 Loss loss NN cord-337365-hugenn14 152 2 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 152 3 autophagy autophagy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 152 4 leads lead VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 152 5 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 152 6 increased increase VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 152 7 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 152 8 load load NN cord-337365-hugenn14 152 9 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 152 10 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 152 11 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 152 12 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 152 13 increases increase VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 152 14 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 152 15 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 152 16 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 152 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 152 18 38 38 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 152 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 152 20 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 153 1 Multiple multiple JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 153 2 microbial microbial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 153 3 infections infection NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 153 4 activate activate VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 153 5 NFkB nfkb JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 153 6 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 153 7 dependent dependent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 153 8 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 153 9 signaling signaling NN cord-337365-hugenn14 153 10 cascades cascade NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 153 11 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 153 12 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 153 13 induce induce VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 153 14 transcription transcription NN cord-337365-hugenn14 153 15 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 153 16 downstream downstream JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 153 17 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 153 18 effectors effector NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 153 19 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 153 20 including include VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 153 21 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 153 22 peptides peptide NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 153 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 153 24 AMPs AMPs NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 153 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 153 26 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 153 27 thereby thereby RB cord-337365-hugenn14 153 28 reducing reduce VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 153 29 or or CC cord-337365-hugenn14 153 30 eliminating eliminate VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 153 31 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 153 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 153 33 39 39 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 153 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 153 35 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 154 1 Endogenous endogenous JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 154 2 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 154 3 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 154 4 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 154 5 derived derive VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 154 6 circulating circulate VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 154 7 dinucleotides dinucleotide NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 154 8 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 154 9 increased increase VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 154 10 expression expression NN cord-337365-hugenn14 154 11 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 154 12 STING sting NN cord-337365-hugenn14 155 1 mRNA mrna NN cord-337365-hugenn14 155 2 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 155 3 activate activate VB cord-337365-hugenn14 155 4 STING STING NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 155 5 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 155 6 40 40 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 155 7 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 155 8 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 156 1 From from IN cord-337365-hugenn14 156 2 fruit fruit NN cord-337365-hugenn14 156 3 flies fly NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 156 4 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 156 5 mammals mammal NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 156 6 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 156 7 activation activation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 156 8 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 156 9 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 156 10 autophagy autophagy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 156 11 protects protect VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 156 12 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 156 13 against against IN cord-337365-hugenn14 156 14 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 156 15 variety variety NN cord-337365-hugenn14 156 16 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 156 17 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 156 18 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 156 19 including include VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 156 20 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 156 21 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 156 22 viruses virus NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 156 23 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 156 24 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 156 25 parasites parasite NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 156 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 156 27 41 41 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 156 28 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 156 29 42 42 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 156 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 156 31 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 157 1 Studies study NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 157 2 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 157 3 shown show VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 157 4 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 157 5 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 157 6 infected infect VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 157 7 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 157 8 ZIKV ZIKV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 157 9 induces induce VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 157 10 activation activation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 157 11 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 158 1 NF NF NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 158 2 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 158 3 kB kB NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 158 4 signaling signal VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 158 5 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 158 6 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 158 7 IMD IMD NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 158 8 pathway pathway NN cord-337365-hugenn14 158 9 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 158 10 thereby thereby RB cord-337365-hugenn14 158 11 activating activate VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 158 12 downstream downstream JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 158 13 dSTING dsting JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 158 14 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 159 1 dSTING dSTING NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 159 2 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 159 3 limit limit VB cord-337365-hugenn14 159 4 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 159 5 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 159 6 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 159 7 inducing induce VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 159 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 159 9 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 159 10 43 43 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 159 11 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 159 12 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 160 1 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 160 2 protects protect VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 160 3 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 160 4 against against IN cord-337365-hugenn14 160 5 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 160 6 variety variety NN cord-337365-hugenn14 160 7 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 160 8 stressors stressor NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 160 9 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 160 10 including include VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 160 11 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 160 12 infections infection NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 160 13 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 161 1 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 161 2 clears clear VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 161 3 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 161 4 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 161 5 capturing capture VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 161 6 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 161 7 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 161 8 including include VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 161 9 viruses virus NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 161 10 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 161 11 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 161 12 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 161 13 cell cell NN cord-337365-hugenn14 161 14 without without IN cord-337365-hugenn14 161 15 causing cause VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 161 16 cell cell NN cord-337365-hugenn14 161 17 death death NN cord-337365-hugenn14 161 18 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 161 19 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 161 20 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 161 21 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 161 22 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 161 23 mature mature JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 161 24 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 161 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 161 26 42 42 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 161 27 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 161 28 44 44 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 161 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 161 30 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 162 1 Previous previous JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 162 2 studies study NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 162 3 used use VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 162 4 heat heat NN cord-337365-hugenn14 162 5 shock shock NN cord-337365-hugenn14 162 6 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 162 7 inducible inducible JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 162 8 gal4 gal4 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 162 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 162 10 HS HS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 162 11 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 162 12 gal4 gal4 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 162 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 162 14 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 162 15 silence silence VB cord-337365-hugenn14 162 16 autophagy autophagy VB cord-337365-hugenn14 162 17 core core NN cord-337365-hugenn14 162 18 genes gene NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 162 19 Atg5 atg5 JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 162 20 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 162 21 Atg7 Atg7 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 162 22 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 162 23 vivo vivo NN cord-337365-hugenn14 162 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 162 25 45 45 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 162 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 162 27 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 162 28 found find VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 162 29 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 162 30 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 162 31 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 162 32 titer titer NN cord-337365-hugenn14 162 33 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 162 34 ZIKV ZIKV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 162 35 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 162 36 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 162 37 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 162 38 significantly significantly RB cord-337365-hugenn14 162 39 increased increase VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 162 40 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 163 1 Relish Relish NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 163 2 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 163 3 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 163 4 transcription transcription NN cord-337365-hugenn14 163 5 factor factor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 163 6 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 163 7 NF NF NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 163 8 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 163 9 kB kB NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 163 10 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 163 11 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 163 12 IMD IMD NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 163 13 pathway pathway NN cord-337365-hugenn14 163 14 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 164 1 Using use VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 164 2 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 164 3 validated validate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 164 4 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 164 5 line line NN cord-337365-hugenn14 164 6 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 164 7 specifically specifically RB cord-337365-hugenn14 164 8 removes remove VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 164 9 Relish relish NN cord-337365-hugenn14 164 10 from from IN cord-337365-hugenn14 164 11 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 164 12 or or CC cord-337365-hugenn14 164 13 glial glial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 164 14 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 164 15 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 164 16 vivo vivo NN cord-337365-hugenn14 164 17 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 164 18 known know VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 164 19 as as IN cord-337365-hugenn14 164 20 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 164 21 neuron neuron NN cord-337365-hugenn14 164 22 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 164 23 specific specific JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 164 24 gal4 gal4 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 164 25 driver driver NN cord-337365-hugenn14 164 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 164 27 elav elav JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 164 28 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 164 29 gal4 gal4 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 164 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 164 31 or or CC cord-337365-hugenn14 164 32 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 164 33 glia glia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 164 34 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 164 35 specific specific JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 164 36 gal4 gal4 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 164 37 driver driver NN cord-337365-hugenn14 165 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 165 2 Repo Repo NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 165 3 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 165 4 gal4 gal4 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 165 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 165 6 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 165 7 respectively respectively RB cord-337365-hugenn14 165 8 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 165 9 46 46 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 165 10 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 165 11 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 165 12 increased increase VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 165 13 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 165 14 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 165 15 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 166 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 166 2 mammals mammal NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 166 3 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 166 4 autophagy autophagy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 166 5 limits limit VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 166 6 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 166 7 replication replication NN cord-337365-hugenn14 166 8 or or CC cord-337365-hugenn14 166 9 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 166 10 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 166 11 herpes herpes NN cord-337365-hugenn14 166 12 simplex simplex NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 166 13 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 166 14 type type NN cord-337365-hugenn14 166 15 1 1 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 166 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 166 17 HSV-1 hsv-1 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 166 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 167 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 167 2 47 47 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 167 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 167 4 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 168 1 Intracellular Intracellular NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 168 2 receptors receptor NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 168 3 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 168 4 such such JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 168 5 as as IN cord-337365-hugenn14 168 6 retinoic retinoic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 168 7 acid acid NN cord-337365-hugenn14 168 8 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 168 9 inducible inducible JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 168 10 gene gene NN cord-337365-hugenn14 168 11 - - : cord-337365-hugenn14 168 12 I i NN cord-337365-hugenn14 168 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 168 14 RIG rig NN cord-337365-hugenn14 168 15 - - : cord-337365-hugenn14 168 16 I i NN cord-337365-hugenn14 168 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 168 18 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 168 19 melanoma melanoma NN cord-337365-hugenn14 168 20 differentiation differentiation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 168 21 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 168 22 associated associate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 168 23 protein protein NN cord-337365-hugenn14 168 24 5 5 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 168 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 168 26 MDA-5 MDA-5 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 168 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 168 28 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 168 29 collectively collectively RB cord-337365-hugenn14 168 30 referred refer VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 168 31 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 168 32 as as IN cord-337365-hugenn14 168 33 RIG rig NN cord-337365-hugenn14 168 34 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 168 35 I i NN cord-337365-hugenn14 168 36 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 168 37 like like JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 168 38 receptors receptor NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 168 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 168 40 RLRs RLRs NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 168 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 168 42 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 168 43 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 168 44 also also RB cord-337365-hugenn14 168 45 detect detect VB cord-337365-hugenn14 168 46 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 168 47 viruses virus NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 168 48 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 168 49 acid acid NN cord-337365-hugenn14 168 50 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 168 51 48 48 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 168 52 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 168 53 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 169 1 Using use VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 169 2 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 169 3 advantages advantage NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 169 4 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 169 5 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 169 6 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 169 7 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 169 8 study study NN cord-337365-hugenn14 169 9 found find VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 169 10 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 169 11 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 169 12 PRR PRR NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 169 13 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 169 14 autophagy autophagy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 169 15 axis axis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 169 16 plays play VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 169 17 an an DT cord-337365-hugenn14 169 18 important important JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 169 19 role role NN cord-337365-hugenn14 169 20 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 169 21 host host NN cord-337365-hugenn14 169 22 defense defense NN cord-337365-hugenn14 169 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 169 24 49 49 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 169 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 169 26 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 170 1 Fifty fifty CD cord-337365-hugenn14 170 2 percent percent NN cord-337365-hugenn14 170 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 170 4 patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 170 5 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 170 6 neurotropic neurotropic NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 170 7 WNV WNV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 170 8 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 170 9 show show VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 170 10 chronic chronic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 170 11 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 170 12 sequelae sequela NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 170 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 170 14 50 50 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 170 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 170 16 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 171 1 Patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 171 2 who who WP cord-337365-hugenn14 171 3 survive survive VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 171 4 after after IN cord-337365-hugenn14 171 5 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 171 6 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 171 7 WNV WNV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 171 8 usually usually RB cord-337365-hugenn14 171 9 present present JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 171 10 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 171 11 visual visual JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 171 12 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 171 13 spatial spatial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 171 14 processing processing NN cord-337365-hugenn14 171 15 disorders disorder NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 171 16 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 171 17 impaired impaired JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 171 18 memory memory NN cord-337365-hugenn14 171 19 function function NN cord-337365-hugenn14 171 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 171 21 50 50 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 171 22 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 171 23 51 51 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 171 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 171 25 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 172 1 Studies study NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 172 2 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 172 3 shown show VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 172 4 that that DT cord-337365-hugenn14 172 5 complement complement NN cord-337365-hugenn14 172 6 C3 c3 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 172 7 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 172 8 C3aR c3ar RB cord-337365-hugenn14 172 9 mediate mediate VB cord-337365-hugenn14 172 10 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 172 11 loss loss NN cord-337365-hugenn14 172 12 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 172 13 presynaptic presynaptic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 172 14 ends end NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 172 15 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 172 16 mouse mouse NN cord-337365-hugenn14 172 17 hippocampus hippocampus NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 172 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 172 19 see see VB cord-337365-hugenn14 172 20 Fig Fig NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 172 21 . . NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 172 22 2 2 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 172 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 172 24 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 173 1 Mice mouse NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 173 2 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 173 3 spatial spatial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 173 4 learning learning NN cord-337365-hugenn14 173 5 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 173 6 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 173 7 recovery recovery NN cord-337365-hugenn14 173 8 period period NN cord-337365-hugenn14 173 9 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 173 10 neurological neurological JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 173 11 invasive invasive JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 173 12 diseases disease NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 173 13 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 173 14 West West NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 173 15 Nile Nile NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 173 16 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 174 1 Both both DT cord-337365-hugenn14 174 2 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 174 3 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 174 4 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 174 5 express express NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 174 6 C3aR C3aR NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 174 7 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 174 8 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 174 9 recognizes recognize VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 174 10 C3 C3 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 174 11 cleavage cleavage NN cord-337365-hugenn14 174 12 products product NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 174 13 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 175 1 C3 C3 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 175 2 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 175 3 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-337365-hugenn14 175 4 cleavage cleavage NN cord-337365-hugenn14 175 5 products product NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 175 6 attract attract VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 175 7 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 175 8 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 175 9 gather gather VB cord-337365-hugenn14 175 10 around around IN cord-337365-hugenn14 175 11 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 175 12 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 175 13 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 175 14 exert exert VB cord-337365-hugenn14 175 15 phagocytosis phagocytosis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 175 16 activity activity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 175 17 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 175 18 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 175 19 clear clear VB cord-337365-hugenn14 175 20 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 175 21 presynaptic presynaptic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 175 22 ends end NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 175 23 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 176 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 176 2 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 176 3 situation situation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 176 4 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 176 5 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 176 6 neurotropic neurotropic NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 176 7 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 176 8 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 176 9 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 176 10 clearance clearance NN cord-337365-hugenn14 176 11 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 176 12 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 176 13 presynaptic presynaptic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 176 14 end end NN cord-337365-hugenn14 176 15 may may MD cord-337365-hugenn14 176 16 prevent prevent VB cord-337365-hugenn14 176 17 trans trans JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 176 18 - - JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 176 19 synaptic synaptic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 176 20 spread spread NN cord-337365-hugenn14 176 21 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 176 22 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 176 23 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 176 24 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 176 25 stop stop VB cord-337365-hugenn14 176 26 abnormal abnormal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 176 27 signals signal NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 176 28 from from IN cord-337365-hugenn14 176 29 infected infected JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 176 30 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 176 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 176 32 52 52 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 176 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 176 34 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 177 1 Infected infected JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 177 2 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 177 3 activated activate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 177 4 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 177 5 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 177 6 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 177 7 CNS CNS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 177 8 persist persist VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 177 9 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 177 10 more more JJR cord-337365-hugenn14 177 11 than than IN cord-337365-hugenn14 177 12 12 12 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 177 13 months month NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 177 14 after after IN cord-337365-hugenn14 177 15 receiving receive VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 177 16 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 177 17 therapy therapy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 177 18 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 177 19 patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 177 20 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 177 21 HSV HSV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 177 22 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 177 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 177 24 53 53 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 177 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 177 26 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 178 1 This this DT cord-337365-hugenn14 178 2 may may MD cord-337365-hugenn14 178 3 lead lead VB cord-337365-hugenn14 178 4 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 178 5 chronic chronic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 178 6 damage damage NN cord-337365-hugenn14 178 7 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 178 8 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 178 9 CNS CNS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 178 10 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 179 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 179 2 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 179 3 produce produce VB cord-337365-hugenn14 179 4 TNFα TNFα NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 179 5 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 179 6 35 35 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 179 7 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 179 8 36 36 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 179 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 179 10 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 180 1 Local local JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 180 2 increase increase NN cord-337365-hugenn14 180 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 180 4 TNFα TNFα NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 180 5 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 180 6 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 180 7 hippocampal hippocampal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 180 8 dentate dentate NN cord-337365-hugenn14 180 9 gyrus gyrus NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 180 10 activates activate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 180 11 astrocyte astrocyte DT cord-337365-hugenn14 181 1 TNF TNF NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 181 2 receptor receptor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 181 3 type type NN cord-337365-hugenn14 181 4 1 1 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 181 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 181 6 TNFR1 TNFR1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 181 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 181 8 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 181 9 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 181 10 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 181 11 turn turn NN cord-337365-hugenn14 181 12 triggers trigger VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 181 13 an an DT cord-337365-hugenn14 181 14 astrocyte astrocyte JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 181 15 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 181 16 neuron neuron NN cord-337365-hugenn14 181 17 signaling signaling NN cord-337365-hugenn14 181 18 cascade cascade NN cord-337365-hugenn14 181 19 that that WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 181 20 results result VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 181 21 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 181 22 persistent persistent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 181 23 functional functional JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 181 24 modification modification NN cord-337365-hugenn14 181 25 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 181 26 hippocampal hippocampal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 181 27 excitatory excitatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 181 28 synapses synapsis NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 181 29 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 181 30 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 181 31 lead lead VB cord-337365-hugenn14 181 32 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 181 33 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 181 34 disturbance disturbance NN cord-337365-hugenn14 181 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 181 36 54 54 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 181 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 181 38 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 182 1 Glutamatergic Glutamatergic NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 182 2 gliotransmission gliotransmission NN cord-337365-hugenn14 182 3 provides provide VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 182 4 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 182 5 stimulatory stimulatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 182 6 input input NN cord-337365-hugenn14 182 7 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 182 8 excitatory excitatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 182 9 synapses synapsis NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 182 10 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 182 11 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 182 12 hippocampal hippocampal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 182 13 dentate dentate NN cord-337365-hugenn14 182 14 gyrus gyrus NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 182 15 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 183 1 TNFα TNFα NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 183 2 critically critically RB cord-337365-hugenn14 183 3 controls control VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 183 4 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 183 5 process process NN cord-337365-hugenn14 183 6 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 183 7 may may MD cord-337365-hugenn14 183 8 influence influence VB cord-337365-hugenn14 183 9 synaptic synaptic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 183 10 transmission transmission NN cord-337365-hugenn14 183 11 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 183 12 plasticity plasticity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 183 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 183 14 55 55 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 183 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 183 16 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 184 1 This this DT cord-337365-hugenn14 184 2 suggests suggest VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 184 3 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 184 4 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 184 5 may may MD cord-337365-hugenn14 184 6 also also RB cord-337365-hugenn14 184 7 affect affect VB cord-337365-hugenn14 184 8 synaptic synaptic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 184 9 function function NN cord-337365-hugenn14 184 10 through through IN cord-337365-hugenn14 184 11 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 184 12 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 185 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 185 2 unprecedented unprecedented JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 185 3 re re NN cord-337365-hugenn14 185 4 - - NN cord-337365-hugenn14 185 5 emergence emergence NN cord-337365-hugenn14 185 6 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 185 7 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 185 8 Zika Zika NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 185 9 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 185 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 185 11 ZIKV ZIKV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 185 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 185 13 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 185 14 has have VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 185 15 shocked shock VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 185 16 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 185 17 world world NN cord-337365-hugenn14 185 18 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 185 19 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 185 20 reports report NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 185 21 on on IN cord-337365-hugenn14 185 22 microcephaly microcephaly NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 185 23 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 185 24 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 185 25 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 185 26 also also RB cord-337365-hugenn14 185 27 increasing increase VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 185 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 185 29 56 56 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 185 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 185 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 185 32 see see VB cord-337365-hugenn14 185 33 Fig Fig NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 185 34 . . NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 185 35 2 2 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 185 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 185 37 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 186 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 186 2 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 186 3 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 186 4 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 186 5 incidence incidence NN cord-337365-hugenn14 186 6 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 186 7 fetal fetal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 186 8 microcephaly microcephaly NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 186 9 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 186 10 ZIKV ZIKV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 186 11 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 186 12 infected infect VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 186 13 pregnant pregnant JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 186 14 women woman NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 186 15 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 186 16 approximately approximately RB cord-337365-hugenn14 186 17 12.8 12.8 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 186 18 % % NN cord-337365-hugenn14 186 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 186 20 57 57 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 186 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 186 22 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 187 1 Surprisingly surprisingly RB cord-337365-hugenn14 187 2 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 187 3 there there EX cord-337365-hugenn14 187 4 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 187 5 been be VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 187 6 increased increase VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 187 7 reports report NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 187 8 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 187 9 cases case NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 187 10 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 187 11 simultaneous simultaneous JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 187 12 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 187 13 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 187 14 Guillain Guillain NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 187 15 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 187 16 Barré Barré NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 187 17 syndrome syndrome NN cord-337365-hugenn14 187 18 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 187 19 adults adult NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 187 20 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 187 21 French french JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 187 22 Polynesia Polynesia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 187 23 ZIKV zikv NN cord-337365-hugenn14 187 24 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 187 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 187 26 58 58 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 187 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 187 28 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 188 1 Recent recent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 188 2 evidence evidence NN cord-337365-hugenn14 188 3 suggests suggest VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 188 4 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 188 5 causal causal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 188 6 relationship relationship NN cord-337365-hugenn14 188 7 between between IN cord-337365-hugenn14 188 8 prenatal prenatal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 188 9 ZIKV zikv NN cord-337365-hugenn14 188 10 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 188 11 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 188 12 severe severe JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 188 13 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 188 14 abnormalities abnormality NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 188 15 including include VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 188 16 microcephaly microcephaly NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 188 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 188 18 59 59 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 188 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 188 20 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 189 1 ZIKV ZIKV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 189 2 was be VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 189 3 detected detect VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 189 4 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 189 5 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 189 6 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 189 7 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 189 8 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 189 9 microcephalic microcephalic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 189 10 fetus fetus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 189 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 189 12 60 60 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 189 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 189 14 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 190 1 This this DT cord-337365-hugenn14 190 2 means mean VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 190 3 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 190 4 there there EX cord-337365-hugenn14 190 5 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 190 6 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 190 7 strong strong JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 190 8 connection connection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 190 9 between between IN cord-337365-hugenn14 190 10 ZIKV ZIKV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 190 11 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 190 12 these these DT cord-337365-hugenn14 190 13 neurological neurological JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 190 14 diseases disease NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 190 15 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 191 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 191 2 study study NN cord-337365-hugenn14 191 3 found find VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 191 4 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 191 5 ZIKV ZIKV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 191 6 mainly mainly RB cord-337365-hugenn14 191 7 infects infect VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 191 8 fetal fetal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 191 9 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 191 10 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 191 11 induces induce VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 191 12 high high JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 191 13 levels level NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 191 14 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 191 15 pro pro JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 191 16 - - JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 191 17 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 191 18 mediators mediator NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 191 19 including include VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 191 20 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 191 21 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 191 22 TNF TNF NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 191 23 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 191 24 α α NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 191 25 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 191 26 IL-1β IL-1β NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 191 27 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 191 28 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 191 29 MCP-1 MCP-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 191 30 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 192 1 These these DT cord-337365-hugenn14 192 2 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 192 3 factors factor NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 192 4 may may MD cord-337365-hugenn14 192 5 be be VB cord-337365-hugenn14 192 6 harmful harmful JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 192 7 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 192 8 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 192 9 fetus fetus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 192 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 192 11 61 61 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 192 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 192 13 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 193 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 193 2 's 's POS cord-337365-hugenn14 193 3 perivascular perivascular JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 193 4 localization localization NN cord-337365-hugenn14 193 5 enables enable VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 193 6 them -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 193 7 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 193 8 survey survey VB cord-337365-hugenn14 193 9 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 193 10 influx influx NN cord-337365-hugenn14 193 11 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 193 12 blood blood NN cord-337365-hugenn14 193 13 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 193 14 borne bear VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 193 15 components component NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 193 16 into into IN cord-337365-hugenn14 193 17 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 193 18 CNS CNS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 193 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 193 20 62 62 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 193 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 193 22 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 194 1 Thus thus RB cord-337365-hugenn14 194 2 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 194 3 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 194 4 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 194 5 highly highly RB cord-337365-hugenn14 194 6 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 194 7 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 194 8 ZIKV zikv NN cord-337365-hugenn14 194 9 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 194 10 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 195 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 195 2 analysis analysis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 195 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 195 4 vitro vitro FW cord-337365-hugenn14 195 5 culture culture NN cord-337365-hugenn14 195 6 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 195 7 microcephalic microcephalic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 195 8 Fig fig NN cord-337365-hugenn14 195 9 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 196 1 2 2 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 196 2 Illustration illustration NN cord-337365-hugenn14 196 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 196 4 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 196 5 pro pro JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 196 6 - - JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 196 7 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 196 8 role role NN cord-337365-hugenn14 196 9 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 196 10 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 196 11 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 196 12 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 196 13 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 196 14 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 197 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 197 2 picture picture NN cord-337365-hugenn14 197 3 shows show VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 197 4 some some DT cord-337365-hugenn14 197 5 harmful harmful JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 197 6 effects effect NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 197 7 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 197 8 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 197 9 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 197 10 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 197 11 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 197 12 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 197 13 such such JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 197 14 as as IN cord-337365-hugenn14 197 15 mediating mediate VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 197 16 presynaptic presynaptic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 197 17 membrane membrane NN cord-337365-hugenn14 197 18 damage damage NN cord-337365-hugenn14 197 19 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 197 20 causing cause VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 197 21 fetal fetal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 197 22 congenital congenital JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 197 23 malformations malformation NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 197 24 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 197 25 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 197 26 exacerbating exacerbate VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 197 27 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 197 28 damage damage NN cord-337365-hugenn14 197 29 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 197 30 CNS CNS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 197 31 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 197 32 HIV HIV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 197 33 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 197 34 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 198 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 198 2 play play VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 198 3 an an DT cord-337365-hugenn14 198 4 uncertain uncertain JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 198 5 role role NN cord-337365-hugenn14 198 6 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 198 7 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 198 8 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 198 9 induced induce VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 198 10 Aβ Aβ NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 198 11 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 199 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 199 2 role role NN cord-337365-hugenn14 199 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 199 4 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 199 5 RIPK3 ripk3 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 199 6 signaling signal VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 199 7 pathway pathway NN cord-337365-hugenn14 199 8 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 199 9 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 199 10 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 199 11 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 199 12 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 199 13 remains remain VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 199 14 obscure obscure JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 199 15 fetal fetal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 199 16 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 199 17 histology histology NN cord-337365-hugenn14 199 18 showed show VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 199 19 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 199 20 ZIKV ZIKV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 199 21 leads lead VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 199 22 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 199 23 activation activation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 199 24 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 199 25 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 199 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 199 27 60 60 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 199 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 199 29 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 200 1 This this DT cord-337365-hugenn14 200 2 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 200 3 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 200 4 turn turn NN cord-337365-hugenn14 200 5 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 200 6 causes cause VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 200 7 localized localize VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 200 8 neuroinflammation neuroinflammation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 200 9 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 200 10 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 200 11 accompanied accompany VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 200 12 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 200 13 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 200 14 disseminating disseminating NN cord-337365-hugenn14 200 15 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 200 16 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 200 17 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 200 18 parenchyma parenchyma NN cord-337365-hugenn14 200 19 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 200 20 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 200 21 may may MD cord-337365-hugenn14 200 22 lead lead VB cord-337365-hugenn14 200 23 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 200 24 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 200 25 development development NN cord-337365-hugenn14 200 26 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 200 27 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 200 28 death death NN cord-337365-hugenn14 200 29 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 200 30 especially especially RB cord-337365-hugenn14 200 31 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 200 32 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 200 33 cerebral cerebral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 200 34 cortex cortex NN cord-337365-hugenn14 200 35 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 200 36 causing cause VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 200 37 neurological neurological JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 200 38 changes change NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 200 39 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 200 40 microcephaly microcephaly NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 200 41 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 201 1 These these DT cord-337365-hugenn14 201 2 findings finding NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 201 3 reveal reveal VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 201 4 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 201 5 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 201 6 play play VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 201 7 an an DT cord-337365-hugenn14 201 8 important important JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 201 9 role role NN cord-337365-hugenn14 201 10 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 201 11 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 201 12 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 201 13 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 201 14 congenital congenital JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 201 15 ZIKV zikv NN cord-337365-hugenn14 201 16 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 201 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 201 18 61 61 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 201 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 201 20 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 202 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 202 2 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 202 3 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 202 4 main main JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 202 5 target target NN cord-337365-hugenn14 202 6 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 202 7 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 202 8 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 202 9 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 202 10 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 202 11 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 202 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 202 13 63 63 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 202 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 202 15 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 203 1 There there EX cord-337365-hugenn14 203 2 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 203 3 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 203 4 particles particle NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 203 5 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 203 6 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 203 7 infected infected JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 203 8 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 203 9 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 203 10 suggesting suggest VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 203 11 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 203 12 they -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 203 13 may may MD cord-337365-hugenn14 203 14 be be VB cord-337365-hugenn14 203 15 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 203 16 potential potential JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 203 17 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 203 18 reservoir reservoir NN cord-337365-hugenn14 203 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 203 20 64 64 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 203 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 203 22 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 204 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 204 2 main main JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 204 3 features feature NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 204 4 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 204 5 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 204 6 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 204 7 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 204 8 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 204 9 formation formation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 204 10 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 204 11 multinucleated multinucleated JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 204 12 giant giant JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 204 13 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 204 14 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 204 15 microglia microglia JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 204 16 nodules nodule NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 204 17 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 204 18 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 204 19 macrophage macrophage NN cord-337365-hugenn14 204 20 infiltration infiltration NN cord-337365-hugenn14 204 21 into into IN cord-337365-hugenn14 204 22 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 204 23 central central JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 204 24 nervous nervous JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 204 25 system system NN cord-337365-hugenn14 204 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 204 27 65 65 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 204 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 204 29 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 205 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 205 2 formation formation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 205 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 205 4 multinucleated multinucleated JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 205 5 giant giant JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 205 6 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 205 7 reflects reflect VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 205 8 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 205 9 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 205 10 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 205 11 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 205 12 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 205 13 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 205 14 vitro vitro FW cord-337365-hugenn14 205 15 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 206 1 Active active JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 206 2 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 206 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 206 4 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 206 5 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 206 6 ultimately ultimately RB cord-337365-hugenn14 206 7 associated associate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 206 8 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 206 9 astrogliosis astrogliosis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 206 10 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 206 11 myelin myelin NN cord-337365-hugenn14 206 12 pallor pallor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 206 13 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 206 14 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 206 15 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 206 16 loss loss NN cord-337365-hugenn14 206 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 206 18 65 65 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 206 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 206 20 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 207 1 Although although IN cord-337365-hugenn14 207 2 there there EX cord-337365-hugenn14 207 3 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 207 4 ample ample JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 207 5 evidences evidence NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 207 6 confirming confirm VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 207 7 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 207 8 activated activate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 207 9 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 207 10 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 207 11 neuropathic neuropathic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 207 12 effects effect NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 207 13 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 207 14 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 207 15 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 207 16 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 207 17 there there EX cord-337365-hugenn14 207 18 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 207 19 data datum NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 207 20 suggesting suggest VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 207 21 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 207 22 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 207 23 may may MD cord-337365-hugenn14 207 24 have have VB cord-337365-hugenn14 207 25 some some DT cord-337365-hugenn14 207 26 neuroprotective neuroprotective JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 207 27 effects effect NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 207 28 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 207 29 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 207 30 early early JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 207 31 stages stage NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 207 32 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 207 33 HIV HIV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 207 34 disease disease NN cord-337365-hugenn14 207 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 207 36 66 66 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 207 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 207 38 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 208 1 Molecular molecular JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 208 2 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 208 3 histopathology histopathology NN cord-337365-hugenn14 208 4 confirm confirm VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 208 5 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 208 6 reduction reduction NN cord-337365-hugenn14 208 7 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 208 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 208 9 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 208 10 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 208 11 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 208 12 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 208 13 patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 208 14 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 208 15 HIV HIV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 208 16 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 208 17 associated associate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 208 18 dementia dementia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 208 19 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 209 1 HIV-1-infected hiv-1-infecte VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 209 2 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 209 3 release release NN cord-337365-hugenn14 209 4 neurotoxins neurotoxin NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 209 5 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 209 6 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 209 7 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 209 8 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 209 9 proteins protein NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 209 10 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 209 11 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 209 12 glutamate glutamate NN cord-337365-hugenn14 209 13 ; ; : cord-337365-hugenn14 209 14 activate activate VB cord-337365-hugenn14 209 15 NMDA NMDA NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 209 16 receptors receptor NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 209 17 on on IN cord-337365-hugenn14 209 18 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 209 19 ; ; : cord-337365-hugenn14 209 20 cause cause VB cord-337365-hugenn14 209 21 calcium calcium NN cord-337365-hugenn14 209 22 influx influx NN cord-337365-hugenn14 209 23 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 209 24 inhibit inhibit VB cord-337365-hugenn14 209 25 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 209 26 autophagy autophagy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 209 27 ; ; : cord-337365-hugenn14 209 28 enhance enhance VB cord-337365-hugenn14 209 29 apoptotic apoptotic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 209 30 pathways pathway NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 209 31 ; ; : cord-337365-hugenn14 209 32 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 209 33 ultimately ultimately RB cord-337365-hugenn14 209 34 lead lead VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 209 35 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 209 36 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 209 37 death death NN cord-337365-hugenn14 209 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 209 39 67 67 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 209 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 209 41 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 210 1 Enhancing enhance VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 210 2 autophagy autophagy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 210 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 210 4 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 210 5 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 210 6 patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 210 7 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 210 8 HIV HIV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 210 9 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 210 10 may may MD cord-337365-hugenn14 210 11 become become VB cord-337365-hugenn14 210 12 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 210 13 target target NN cord-337365-hugenn14 210 14 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 210 15 future future JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 210 16 treatment treatment NN cord-337365-hugenn14 210 17 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 211 1 Microarray Microarray NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 211 2 analyses analysis NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 211 3 were be VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 211 4 performed perform VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 211 5 using use VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 211 6 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 211 7 tissue tissue NN cord-337365-hugenn14 211 8 samples sample NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 211 9 from from IN cord-337365-hugenn14 211 10 HIV HIV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 211 11 encephalitis encephalitis NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 211 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 211 13 HIVE HIVE NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 211 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 211 15 patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 211 16 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 211 17 HIV+ HIV+ NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 211 18 patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 211 19 without without IN cord-337365-hugenn14 211 20 encephalitis encephalitis JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 211 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 211 22 HIV HIV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 211 23 / / SYM cord-337365-hugenn14 211 24 noE noE NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 211 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 211 26 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 211 27 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 211 28 HIV− hiv− DT cord-337365-hugenn14 211 29 controls control VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 211 30 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 212 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 212 2 was be VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 212 3 found find VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 212 4 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 212 5 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 212 6 large large JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 212 7 number number NN cord-337365-hugenn14 212 8 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 212 9 microglia microglia JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 212 10 genes gene NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 212 11 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 212 12 undergone undergo VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 212 13 significant significant JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 212 14 changes change NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 212 15 during during IN cord-337365-hugenn14 212 16 HIV HIV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 212 17 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 212 18 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 212 19 including include VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 212 20 immune immune JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 212 21 activation activation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 212 22 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 212 23 function function NN cord-337365-hugenn14 212 24 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 212 25 kinases kinase NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 212 26 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 212 27 phosphatases phosphatase NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 212 28 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 212 29 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 212 30 pro-/anti pro-/anti JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 212 31 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 212 32 apoptotic apoptotic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 212 33 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 212 34 neurotrophic neurotrophic NN cord-337365-hugenn14 212 35 factors factor NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 212 36 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 212 37 indicating indicate VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 212 38 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 212 39 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 212 40 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 212 41 function function NN cord-337365-hugenn14 212 42 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 212 43 impaired impair VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 212 44 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 212 45 has have VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 212 46 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 212 47 pro pro JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 212 48 - - JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 212 49 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 212 50 tendency tendency NN cord-337365-hugenn14 212 51 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 212 52 68 68 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 212 53 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 212 54 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 213 1 Human human JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 213 2 cytomegalovirus cytomegalovirus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 213 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 213 4 HCMV HCMV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 213 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 213 6 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 213 7 cause cause VB cord-337365-hugenn14 213 8 congenital congenital JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 213 9 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 213 10 or or CC cord-337365-hugenn14 213 11 cause cause VB cord-337365-hugenn14 213 12 encephalitis encephalitis JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 213 13 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 213 14 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 213 15 patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 213 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 213 17 69 69 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 213 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 213 19 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 214 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 214 2 patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 214 3 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 214 4 advanced advanced JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 214 5 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 214 6 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 214 7 HCMV HCMV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 214 8 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 214 9 induced induce VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 214 10 central central JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 214 11 nervous nervous JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 214 12 system system NN cord-337365-hugenn14 214 13 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 214 14 leads lead VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 214 15 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 214 16 two two CD cord-337365-hugenn14 214 17 different different JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 214 18 neuropathological neuropathological JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 214 19 patterns pattern NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 214 20 : : : cord-337365-hugenn14 214 21 microglial microglial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 214 22 nodular nodular JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 214 23 encephalitis encephalitis NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 214 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 214 25 MGNE MGNE NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 214 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 214 27 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 214 28 ventriculoencephalitis ventriculoencephalitis NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 214 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 214 30 VE VE NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 214 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 214 32 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 215 1 Microglial microglial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 215 2 nodular nodular JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 215 3 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 215 4 consists consist VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 215 5 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 215 6 diffuse diffuse JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 215 7 microglial microglial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 215 8 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 215 9 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 215 10 aggregated aggregate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 215 11 astrocytes astrocyte NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 215 12 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 215 13 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 215 14 giant giant JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 215 15 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 215 16 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 216 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 216 2 formation formation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 216 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 216 4 microglial microglial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 216 5 nodules nodule NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 216 6 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 216 7 considered consider VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 216 8 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 216 9 be be VB cord-337365-hugenn14 216 10 an an DT cord-337365-hugenn14 216 11 important important JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 216 12 cause cause NN cord-337365-hugenn14 216 13 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 216 14 HCMV hcmv NN cord-337365-hugenn14 216 15 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 216 16 related relate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 216 17 dementia dementia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 216 18 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 216 19 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 216 20 patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 216 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 216 22 70 70 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 216 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 216 24 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 217 1 Recently recently RB cord-337365-hugenn14 217 2 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 217 3 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 217 4 study study NN cord-337365-hugenn14 217 5 hypothesized hypothesize VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 217 6 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 217 7 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 217 8 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 217 9 Rasmussen Rasmussen NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 217 10 encephalitis encephalitis JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 217 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 217 12 RE RE NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 217 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 217 14 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 217 15 microglial microglial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 217 16 nodules nodule NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 217 17 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 217 18 an an DT cord-337365-hugenn14 217 19 upregulation upregulation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 217 20 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 217 21 TLRs tlr NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 217 22 provide provide VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 217 23 an an DT cord-337365-hugenn14 217 24 environment environment NN cord-337365-hugenn14 217 25 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 217 26 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 217 27 initiation initiation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 217 28 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 217 29 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 217 30 later later RB cord-337365-hugenn14 217 31 dominating dominate VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 217 32 T t NN cord-337365-hugenn14 217 33 cell cell NN cord-337365-hugenn14 217 34 cytotoxicity cytotoxicity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 217 35 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 218 1 However however RB cord-337365-hugenn14 218 2 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 218 3 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 218 4 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 218 5 early early JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 218 6 stages stage NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 218 7 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 218 8 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 218 9 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 218 10 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 218 11 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 218 12 interaction interaction NN cord-337365-hugenn14 218 13 between between IN cord-337365-hugenn14 218 14 microglial microglial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 218 15 nodules nodule NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 218 16 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 218 17 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 218 18 T t NN cord-337365-hugenn14 218 19 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 218 20 remains remain VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 218 21 unclear unclear JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 218 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 218 23 71 71 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 218 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 218 25 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 219 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 219 2 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 219 3 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 219 4 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 219 5 Peli1 peli1 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 219 6 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 219 7 mainly mainly RB cord-337365-hugenn14 219 8 expressed express VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 219 9 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 219 10 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 219 11 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 220 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 220 2 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 220 3 mouse mouse NN cord-337365-hugenn14 220 4 model model NN cord-337365-hugenn14 220 5 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 220 6 lethal lethal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 220 7 West West NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 220 8 Nile Nile NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 220 9 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 220 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 220 11 WNV WNV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 220 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 220 13 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 220 14 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 220 15 Peli1 peli1 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 220 16 promotes promote VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 220 17 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 220 18 production production NN cord-337365-hugenn14 220 19 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 220 20 pro pro JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 220 21 - - JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 220 22 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 220 23 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 220 24 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 220 25 chemokines chemokine NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 220 26 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 220 27 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 220 28 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 220 29 promotes promote VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 220 30 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 220 31 entry entry NN cord-337365-hugenn14 220 32 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 220 33 T t NN cord-337365-hugenn14 220 34 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 220 35 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 220 36 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 220 37 into into IN cord-337365-hugenn14 220 38 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 220 39 CNS CNS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 220 40 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 221 1 Peli1 Peli1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 221 2 plays play VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 221 3 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 221 4 crucial crucial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 221 5 role role NN cord-337365-hugenn14 221 6 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 221 7 WNV WNV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 221 8 entry entry NN cord-337365-hugenn14 221 9 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 221 10 replication replication NN cord-337365-hugenn14 221 11 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 221 12 human human JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 221 13 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 221 14 murine murine JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 221 15 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 221 16 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 221 17 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 221 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 221 19 see see VB cord-337365-hugenn14 221 20 Fig Fig NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 221 21 . . NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 221 22 2 2 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 221 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 221 24 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 222 1 Peli1 peli1 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 222 2 promotes promote VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 222 3 adhesion adhesion NN cord-337365-hugenn14 222 4 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 222 5 replication replication NN cord-337365-hugenn14 222 6 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 222 7 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 222 8 synthesis synthesis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 222 9 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 222 10 mature mature JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 222 11 virions virion NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 222 12 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 223 1 Autopsy autopsy JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 223 2 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 223 3 patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 223 4 who who WP cord-337365-hugenn14 223 5 died die VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 223 6 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 223 7 WNV WNV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 223 8 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 223 9 found find VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 223 10 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 223 11 Peli1 peli1 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 223 12 was be VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 223 13 highly highly RB cord-337365-hugenn14 223 14 expressed express VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 223 15 on on IN cord-337365-hugenn14 223 16 WNV WNV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 223 17 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 223 18 infected infect VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 223 19 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 223 20 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 223 21 adjacent adjacent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 223 22 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 223 23 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 223 24 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 224 1 Peli1-deficient peli1-deficient JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 224 2 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 224 3 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 224 4 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 224 5 cause cause VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 224 6 inflammation inflammation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 224 7 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 224 8 reduce reduce VB cord-337365-hugenn14 224 9 host host NN cord-337365-hugenn14 224 10 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-337365-hugenn14 224 11 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 224 12 lethal lethal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 224 13 encephalitis encephaliti NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 224 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 224 15 72 72 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 224 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 224 17 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 225 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 225 2 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 225 3 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 225 4 main main JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 225 5 producers producer NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 225 6 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 225 7 central central JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 225 8 nervous nervous JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 225 9 system system NN cord-337365-hugenn14 225 10 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 225 11 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 225 12 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 225 13 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 225 14 TNF TNF NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 225 15 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 225 16 α α NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 225 17 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 225 18 chemokines chemokine NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 225 19 CCL2 CCL2 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 225 20 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 225 21 CXCL10 CXCL10 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 225 22 after after IN cord-337365-hugenn14 225 23 WNV WNV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 225 24 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 225 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 225 26 73 73 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 225 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 225 28 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 226 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 226 2 Peli1-deficient Peli1-deficient NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 226 3 mice mouse NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 226 4 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 226 5 better well JJR cord-337365-hugenn14 226 6 resistance resistance NN cord-337365-hugenn14 226 7 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 226 8 WNV WNV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 226 9 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 226 10 reducing reduce VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 226 11 levels level NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 226 12 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 226 13 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 226 14 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 226 15 chemokines chemokine NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 226 16 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 226 17 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 226 18 body body NN cord-337365-hugenn14 226 19 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 226 20 including include VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 226 21 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 226 22 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 226 23 TNF TNF NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 226 24 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 226 25 α α NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 226 26 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 226 27 IL-1β IL-1β NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 226 28 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 226 29 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 226 30 IL-10 IL-10 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 226 31 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 226 32 CCL2 CCL2 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 226 33 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 226 34 CCL5 CCL5 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 226 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 226 36 72 72 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 226 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 226 38 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 227 1 Peli1 peli1 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 227 2 expressed express VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 227 3 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 227 4 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 227 5 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 227 6 promote promote VB cord-337365-hugenn14 227 7 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 227 8 degradation degradation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 227 9 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 227 10 TNF TNF NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 227 11 receptor receptor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 227 12 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 227 13 associated associate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 227 14 factor factor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 227 15 3 3 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 227 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 227 17 Traf3 Traf3 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 227 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 227 19 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 227 20 regulating regulate VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 227 21 TLR TLR NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 227 22 / / SYM cord-337365-hugenn14 227 23 MyD88 MyD88 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 227 24 signaling signal VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 227 25 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 227 26 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 227 27 activate activate VB cord-337365-hugenn14 227 28 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 227 29 during during IN cord-337365-hugenn14 227 30 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 227 31 induction induction NN cord-337365-hugenn14 227 32 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 227 33 experimental experimental JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 227 34 autoimmune autoimmune JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 227 35 encephalomyelitis encephalomyelitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 227 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 227 37 EAE EAE NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 227 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 227 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 227 40 74 74 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 227 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 227 42 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 228 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 228 2 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 228 3 well well RB cord-337365-hugenn14 228 4 known know VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 228 5 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 228 6 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 228 7 respond respond VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 228 8 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 228 9 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 228 10 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 228 11 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 228 12 activating activate VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 228 13 p38MAPK p38MAPK NNPS cord-337365-hugenn14 228 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 228 15 75 75 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 228 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 228 17 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 229 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 229 2 WNV WNV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 229 3 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 229 4 infected infect VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 229 5 Peli1 peli1 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 229 6 −/− −/− NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 229 7 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 229 8 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 229 9 phosphorylation phosphorylation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 229 10 levels level NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 229 11 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 229 12 p38MAPK p38MAPK NNPS cord-337365-hugenn14 229 13 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 229 14 p65 p65 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 229 15 decreased decrease VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 229 16 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 229 17 indicating indicate VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 229 18 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 229 19 Peli1 peli1 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 229 20 plays play VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 229 21 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 229 22 positive positive JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 229 23 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 229 24 role role NN cord-337365-hugenn14 229 25 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 229 26 NF NF NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 229 27 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 229 28 κB κB NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 229 29 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 229 30 p38MAPK p38MAPK NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 229 31 activation activation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 229 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 229 33 72 72 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 229 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 229 35 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 230 1 Peli1 peli1 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 230 2 facilitates facilitate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 230 3 WNV WNV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 230 4 replication replication NN cord-337365-hugenn14 230 5 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 230 6 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 230 7 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 230 8 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 230 9 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 230 10 especially especially RB cord-337365-hugenn14 230 11 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 230 12 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 230 13 latter latter JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 230 14 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 230 15 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 230 16 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 230 17 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 230 18 major major JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 230 19 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 230 20 infected infect VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 230 21 during during IN cord-337365-hugenn14 230 22 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 230 23 vivo vivo NN cord-337365-hugenn14 230 24 challenge challenge NN cord-337365-hugenn14 230 25 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 231 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 231 2 also also RB cord-337365-hugenn14 231 3 positively positively RB cord-337365-hugenn14 231 4 mediates mediate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 231 5 NF nf NN cord-337365-hugenn14 231 6 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 231 7 κB κB NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 232 1 and/or and/or CC cord-337365-hugenn14 233 1 p38MAPK p38MAPK NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 233 2 activation activation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 233 3 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 233 4 these these DT cord-337365-hugenn14 233 5 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 233 6 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 233 7 boosts boost VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 233 8 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 233 9 robust robust JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 233 10 production production NN cord-337365-hugenn14 233 11 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 233 12 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 233 13 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 233 14 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 233 15 chemokines chemokine NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 233 16 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 233 17 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 233 18 attracts attract VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 233 19 more more JJR cord-337365-hugenn14 233 20 infiltration infiltration NN cord-337365-hugenn14 233 21 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 233 22 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 233 23 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 233 24 from from IN cord-337365-hugenn14 233 25 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 233 26 periphery periphery NN cord-337365-hugenn14 233 27 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 233 28 ultimately ultimately RB cord-337365-hugenn14 233 29 contributes contribute VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 233 30 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 233 31 lethal lethal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 233 32 WNV WNV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 233 33 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 233 34 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 234 1 Thus thus RB cord-337365-hugenn14 234 2 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 234 3 Peli1 peli1 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 234 4 synergistically synergistically RB cord-337365-hugenn14 234 5 promotes promote VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 234 6 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 234 7 dissemination dissemination NN cord-337365-hugenn14 234 8 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 234 9 inflammation inflammation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 234 10 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 234 11 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 234 12 CNS CNS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 234 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 234 14 72 72 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 234 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 234 16 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 235 1 Under under IN cord-337365-hugenn14 235 2 physiological physiological JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 235 3 conditions condition NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 235 4 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 235 5 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 235 6 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 235 7 produce produce VB cord-337365-hugenn14 235 8 trace trace NN cord-337365-hugenn14 235 9 amounts amount NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 235 10 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 235 11 amyloid amyloid NN cord-337365-hugenn14 235 12 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 235 13 β β NN cord-337365-hugenn14 235 14 peptide peptide NN cord-337365-hugenn14 235 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 235 16 Aβ Aβ NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 235 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 235 18 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 235 19 maintain maintain VB cord-337365-hugenn14 235 20 synaptic synaptic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 235 21 plasticity plasticity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 235 22 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 235 23 memory memory NN cord-337365-hugenn14 235 24 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 235 25 play play VB cord-337365-hugenn14 235 26 an an DT cord-337365-hugenn14 235 27 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 235 28 role role NN cord-337365-hugenn14 235 29 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 236 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 236 2 clearance clearance NN cord-337365-hugenn14 236 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 236 4 Aβ Aβ NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 236 5 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 236 6 achieved achieve VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 236 7 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 236 8 phagocytosis phagocytosis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 236 9 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 236 10 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 236 11 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 237 1 HSV HSV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 237 2 reactivation reactivation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 237 3 would would MD cord-337365-hugenn14 237 4 trigger trigger VB cord-337365-hugenn14 237 5 increased increase VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 237 6 Aβ Aβ NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 237 7 production production NN cord-337365-hugenn14 237 8 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 237 9 activation activation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 237 10 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 237 11 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 237 12 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 237 13 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 237 14 release release NN cord-337365-hugenn14 237 15 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 237 16 pro pro JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 237 17 - - JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 237 18 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 237 19 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 237 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 237 21 pathological pathological JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 237 22 state state NN cord-337365-hugenn14 237 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 237 24 that that WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 237 25 would would MD cord-337365-hugenn14 237 26 sustain sustain VB cord-337365-hugenn14 237 27 microglia microglia JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 237 28 activation activation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 237 29 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 237 30 initiate initiate VB cord-337365-hugenn14 237 31 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 237 32 vicious vicious JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 237 33 circle circle NN cord-337365-hugenn14 237 34 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 237 35 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 237 36 responses response NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 237 37 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 238 1 Recurrence recurrence NN cord-337365-hugenn14 238 2 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 238 3 this this DT cord-337365-hugenn14 238 4 series series NN cord-337365-hugenn14 238 5 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 238 6 events event NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 238 7 during during IN cord-337365-hugenn14 238 8 life life NN cord-337365-hugenn14 238 9 would would MD cord-337365-hugenn14 238 10 result result VB cord-337365-hugenn14 238 11 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 238 12 amplification amplification NN cord-337365-hugenn14 238 13 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 238 14 irreversible irreversible JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 238 15 damage damage NN cord-337365-hugenn14 238 16 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 238 17 hippocampus hippocampus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 238 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 238 19 76 76 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 238 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 238 21 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 239 1 Studies study NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 239 2 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 239 3 shown show VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 239 4 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 239 5 Aβ Aβ NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 239 6 oligomers oligomer NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 239 7 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 239 8 bind bind VB cord-337365-hugenn14 239 9 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 239 10 on on IN cord-337365-hugenn14 239 11 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 239 12 surface surface NN cord-337365-hugenn14 239 13 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 239 14 herpesvirus herpesvirus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 239 15 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 239 16 accelerate accelerate VB cord-337365-hugenn14 239 17 Aβ Aβ NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 239 18 deposition deposition NN cord-337365-hugenn14 239 19 showing show VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 239 20 protective protective JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 239 21 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 239 22 entrapment entrapment NN cord-337365-hugenn14 239 23 activity activity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 239 24 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 239 25 5XFAD 5xfad CD cord-337365-hugenn14 239 26 mouse mouse NN cord-337365-hugenn14 239 27 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 239 28 3D 3D NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 239 29 human human JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 239 30 neural neural JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 239 31 cell cell NN cord-337365-hugenn14 239 32 culture culture NN cord-337365-hugenn14 239 33 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 239 34 models model NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 239 35 against against IN cord-337365-hugenn14 239 36 neurotropic neurotropic NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 239 37 HSV1 HSV1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 239 38 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 240 1 This this DT cord-337365-hugenn14 240 2 indicates indicate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 240 3 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 240 4 Aβ Aβ NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 240 5 fibrils fibril NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 240 6 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 240 7 deposits deposit NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 240 8 may may MD cord-337365-hugenn14 240 9 be be VB cord-337365-hugenn14 240 10 important important JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 240 11 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 240 12 protecting protect VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 240 13 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 240 14 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 240 15 from from IN cord-337365-hugenn14 240 16 common common JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 240 17 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 240 18 infections infection NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 240 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 240 20 77 77 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 240 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 240 22 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 241 1 Carbohydrate carbohydrate NN cord-337365-hugenn14 241 2 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 241 3 binding binding NN cord-337365-hugenn14 241 4 promotes promote VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 241 5 Aβ Aβ NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 241 6 fibrillization fibrillization NN cord-337365-hugenn14 241 7 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 241 8 leads lead VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 241 9 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 241 10 protofibril protofibril VB cord-337365-hugenn14 241 11 generation generation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 241 12 on on IN cord-337365-hugenn14 241 13 microbial microbial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 241 14 surfaces surface NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 241 15 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 242 1 Bound bind VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 242 2 protofibrils protofibril NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 242 3 first first RB cord-337365-hugenn14 242 4 inhibit inhibit VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 242 5 host host NN cord-337365-hugenn14 242 6 cell cell NN cord-337365-hugenn14 242 7 adhesion adhesion NN cord-337365-hugenn14 242 8 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 242 9 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 242 10 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 243 1 Then then RB cord-337365-hugenn14 243 2 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 243 3 propagating propagate VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 243 4 Aβ Aβ NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 243 5 fibrils fibril NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 243 6 mediate mediate VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 243 7 agglutination agglutination NN cord-337365-hugenn14 243 8 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 243 9 sequestration sequestration NN cord-337365-hugenn14 243 10 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 243 11 microbes microbe NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 243 12 within within IN cord-337365-hugenn14 243 13 fibrillar fibrillar NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 243 14 β β NN cord-337365-hugenn14 243 15 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 243 16 amyloid amyloid NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 243 17 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 244 1 When when WRB cord-337365-hugenn14 244 2 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 244 3 Aβ Aβ NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 244 4 oligomer oligomer RB cord-337365-hugenn14 244 5 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 244 6 mediated mediate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 244 7 protective protective JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 244 8 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 244 9 pathway pathway NN cord-337365-hugenn14 244 10 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 244 11 over over RB cord-337365-hugenn14 244 12 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 244 13 activated activate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 244 14 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 244 15 progressive progressive JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 244 16 Aβ Aβ NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 244 17 deposition deposition NN cord-337365-hugenn14 244 18 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 244 19 cause cause VB cord-337365-hugenn14 244 20 neuroinflammation neuroinflammation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 244 21 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 244 22 neuropathology neuropathology NN cord-337365-hugenn14 244 23 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 244 24 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 244 25 extensive extensive JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 244 26 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 244 27 death death NN cord-337365-hugenn14 244 28 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 244 29 leading lead VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 244 30 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 244 31 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 244 32 's 's POS cord-337365-hugenn14 244 33 disease disease NN cord-337365-hugenn14 244 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 244 35 AD ad NN cord-337365-hugenn14 244 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 244 37 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 244 38 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 244 39 model model NN cord-337365-hugenn14 244 40 called call VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 244 41 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 244 42 protection protection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 244 43 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 244 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 244 45 77 77 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 244 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 244 47 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 245 1 Recently recently RB cord-337365-hugenn14 245 2 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 245 3 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 245 4 16-year 16-year JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 245 5 study study NN cord-337365-hugenn14 245 6 involving involve VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 245 7 more more JJR cord-337365-hugenn14 245 8 than than IN cord-337365-hugenn14 245 9 33,000 33,000 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 245 10 patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 245 11 found find VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 245 12 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 245 13 HSV HSV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 245 14 1 1 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 245 15 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 245 16 increased increase VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 245 17 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 245 18 risk risk NN cord-337365-hugenn14 245 19 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 245 20 dementia dementia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 245 21 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 245 22 2.56 2.56 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 245 23 times time NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 245 24 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 246 1 And and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 246 2 long long JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 246 3 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 246 4 term term NN cord-337365-hugenn14 246 5 use use NN cord-337365-hugenn14 246 6 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 246 7 anti anti JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 246 8 - - JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 246 9 herpes herpes JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 246 10 drugs drug NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 246 11 seems seem VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 246 12 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 246 13 reduce reduce VB cord-337365-hugenn14 246 14 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 246 15 risk risk NN cord-337365-hugenn14 246 16 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 246 17 dementia dementia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 246 18 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 246 19 patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 246 20 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 246 21 HSV-1 hsv-1 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 246 22 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 246 23 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 247 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 247 2 general general JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 247 3 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 247 4 patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 247 5 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 247 6 shorter short JJR cord-337365-hugenn14 247 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 247 8 < < NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 247 9 30 30 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 247 10 days day NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 247 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 247 12 or or CC cord-337365-hugenn14 247 13 longer long RBR cord-337365-hugenn14 247 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 247 15 ≧ ≧ NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 247 16 30 30 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 247 17 days day NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 247 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 247 19 durations duration NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 247 20 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 247 21 anti anti JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 247 22 - - JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 247 23 herpetic herpetic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 247 24 medications medication NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 247 25 were be VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 247 26 associated associate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 247 27 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 247 28 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 247 29 decreased decreased JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 247 30 risk risk NN cord-337365-hugenn14 247 31 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 247 32 dementia dementia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 247 33 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 247 34 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 247 35 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 247 36 treatment treatment NN cord-337365-hugenn14 247 37 duration duration NN cord-337365-hugenn14 247 38 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 247 39 ≧ ≧ DT cord-337365-hugenn14 247 40 30 30 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 247 41 days day NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 247 42 was be VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 247 43 associated associate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 247 44 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 247 45 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 247 46 lower low JJR cord-337365-hugenn14 247 47 risk risk NN cord-337365-hugenn14 247 48 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 247 49 dementia dementia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 247 50 than than IN cord-337365-hugenn14 247 51 those those DT cord-337365-hugenn14 247 52 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 247 53 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 247 54 duration duration NN cord-337365-hugenn14 247 55 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 247 56 < < $ cord-337365-hugenn14 247 57 30 30 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 247 58 days day NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 247 59 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 247 60 78 78 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 247 61 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 247 62 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 248 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 248 2 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 248 3 been be VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 248 4 involved involve VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 248 5 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 248 6 AD ad NN cord-337365-hugenn14 248 7 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 248 8 more more JJR cord-337365-hugenn14 248 9 than than IN cord-337365-hugenn14 248 10 100 100 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 248 11 years year NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 248 12 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 249 1 Nissl Nissl NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 249 2 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 249 3 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 249 4 first first RB cord-337365-hugenn14 249 5 described describe VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 249 6 amoebalike amoebalike JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 249 7 glial glial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 249 8 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 249 9 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 249 10 various various JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 249 11 neurological neurological JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 249 12 states state NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 249 13 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 249 14 1904 1904 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 249 15 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 249 16 1910 1910 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 249 17 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 250 1 This this DT cord-337365-hugenn14 250 2 amoeba amoeba NN cord-337365-hugenn14 250 3 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 250 4 like like JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 250 5 glial glial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 250 6 cell cell NN cord-337365-hugenn14 250 7 was be VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 250 8 later later RB cord-337365-hugenn14 250 9 confirmed confirm VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 250 10 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 250 11 be be VB cord-337365-hugenn14 250 12 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 250 13 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 250 14 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 251 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 251 2 were be VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 251 3 activated activate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 251 4 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 251 5 amyloid amyloid NN cord-337365-hugenn14 251 6 plaque plaque NN cord-337365-hugenn14 251 7 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 251 8 enriched enrich VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 251 9 areas area NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 251 10 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 251 11 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 251 12 's 's POS cord-337365-hugenn14 251 13 disease disease NN cord-337365-hugenn14 251 14 brains brain NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 251 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 251 16 79 79 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 251 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 251 18 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 252 1 Some some DT cord-337365-hugenn14 252 2 findings finding NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 252 3 reveal reveal VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 252 4 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 252 5 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 252 6 serve serve VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 252 7 as as IN cord-337365-hugenn14 252 8 important important JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 252 9 physiological physiological JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 252 10 functions function NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 252 11 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 252 12 learning learning NN cord-337365-hugenn14 252 13 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 252 14 memory memory NN cord-337365-hugenn14 252 15 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 252 16 promoting promote VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 252 17 learning learning NN cord-337365-hugenn14 252 18 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 252 19 related relate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 252 20 synapse synapse NN cord-337365-hugenn14 252 21 formation formation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 252 22 through through IN cord-337365-hugenn14 252 23 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 252 24 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 252 25 derived derive VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 252 26 neurotrophic neurotrophic NN cord-337365-hugenn14 252 27 factor factor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 252 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 252 29 BDNF BDNF NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 252 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 252 31 signaling signal VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 252 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 252 33 80 80 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 252 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 252 35 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 253 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 253 2 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 253 3 AD ad NN cord-337365-hugenn14 253 4 mouse mouse NN cord-337365-hugenn14 253 5 model model NN cord-337365-hugenn14 253 6 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 253 7 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 253 8 disease disease NN cord-337365-hugenn14 253 9 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 253 10 associated associate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 253 11 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 253 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 253 13 DAM DAM NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 253 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 253 15 subtype subtype NN cord-337365-hugenn14 253 16 was be VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 253 17 found find VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 253 18 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 254 1 DAM DAM NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 254 2 selectively selectively RB cord-337365-hugenn14 254 3 aggregates aggregate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 254 4 around around IN cord-337365-hugenn14 254 5 Aβ Aβ NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 254 6 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 254 7 exerts exert VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 254 8 phagocytosis phagocytosis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 254 9 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 255 1 Immunohistochemical immunohistochemical JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 255 2 staining staining NN cord-337365-hugenn14 255 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 255 4 mice mouse NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 255 5 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 255 6 human human JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 255 7 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 255 8 slices slice NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 255 9 shows show VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 255 10 DAM dam NN cord-337365-hugenn14 255 11 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 255 12 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 255 13 / / SYM cord-337365-hugenn14 255 14 phagocytic phagocytic NN cord-337365-hugenn14 255 15 Aβ Aβ NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 255 16 particles particle NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 255 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 255 18 81 81 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 255 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 255 20 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 256 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 256 2 accumulation accumulation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 256 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 256 4 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 256 5 around around IN cord-337365-hugenn14 256 6 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 256 7 Aβ Aβ NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 256 8 plaque plaque NN cord-337365-hugenn14 256 9 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 256 10 critical critical JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 256 11 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 256 12 establishing establish VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 256 13 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 256 14 physical physical JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 256 15 barrier barrier NN cord-337365-hugenn14 256 16 that that WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 256 17 limits limit VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 256 18 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 256 19 spread spread NN cord-337365-hugenn14 256 20 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 256 21 plaque plaque NN cord-337365-hugenn14 256 22 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 256 23 protects protect VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 256 24 surrounding surround VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 256 25 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 256 26 from from IN cord-337365-hugenn14 256 27 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 256 28 toxic toxic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 256 29 effects effect NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 256 30 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 256 31 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 256 32 plaque plaque NN cord-337365-hugenn14 256 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 256 34 82 82 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 256 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 256 36 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 257 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-337365-hugenn14 257 2 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 257 3 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 257 4 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 257 5 mouse mouse NN cord-337365-hugenn14 257 6 model model NN cord-337365-hugenn14 257 7 lacking lack VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 257 8 triggering trigger VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 257 9 receptor receptor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 257 10 expressed express VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 257 11 on on IN cord-337365-hugenn14 257 12 myeloid myeloid JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 257 13 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 257 14 2 2 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 257 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 257 16 TREM2 TREM2 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 257 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 257 18 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 257 19 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 257 20 could could MD cord-337365-hugenn14 257 21 not not RB cord-337365-hugenn14 257 22 accumulate accumulate VB cord-337365-hugenn14 257 23 around around IN cord-337365-hugenn14 257 24 Aβ Aβ NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 257 25 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 257 26 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 257 27 survival survival NN cord-337365-hugenn14 257 28 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 257 29 proliferation proliferation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 257 30 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 257 31 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 257 32 around around IN cord-337365-hugenn14 257 33 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 257 34 plaque plaque NN cord-337365-hugenn14 257 35 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 257 36 impaired impair VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 257 37 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 258 1 At at IN cord-337365-hugenn14 258 2 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 258 3 same same JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 258 4 time time NN cord-337365-hugenn14 258 5 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 258 6 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 258 7 migration migration NN cord-337365-hugenn14 258 8 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 258 9 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 258 10 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 258 11 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 258 12 lesion lesion NN cord-337365-hugenn14 258 13 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 258 14 impaired impair VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 258 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 258 16 83 83 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 258 17 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 258 18 82 82 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 258 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 258 20 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 259 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 259 2 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 259 3 lacking lack VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 259 4 TREM2 TREM2 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 259 5 has have VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 259 6 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 259 7 disorders disorder NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 259 8 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 259 9 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 259 10 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 259 11 characterized characterize VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 259 12 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 259 13 defects defect NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 259 14 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 259 15 glycolysis glycolysis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 259 16 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 259 17 ATP ATP NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 259 18 levels level NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 259 19 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 259 20 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 259 21 anabolism anabolism NN cord-337365-hugenn14 259 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 259 23 83 83 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 259 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 259 25 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 260 1 At at IN cord-337365-hugenn14 260 2 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 260 3 same same JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 260 4 time time NN cord-337365-hugenn14 260 5 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 260 6 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 260 7 signaling signal VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 260 8 pathway pathway NN cord-337365-hugenn14 260 9 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 260 10 TREM TREM NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 260 11 2 2 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 260 12 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 260 13 essential essential JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 260 14 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 260 15 phagocytosis phagocytosis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 260 16 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 260 17 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 260 18 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 260 19 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 260 20 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 260 21 deletion deletion NN cord-337365-hugenn14 260 22 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 260 23 TREM TREM NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 260 24 2 2 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 260 25 leads lead VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 260 26 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 260 27 aggravated aggravate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 260 28 pathology pathology NN cord-337365-hugenn14 260 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 260 30 84 84 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 260 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 260 32 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 261 1 More more RBR cord-337365-hugenn14 261 2 malnourished malnourished JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 261 3 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 261 4 were be VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 261 5 observed observe VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 261 6 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 261 7 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 261 8 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 261 9 sections section NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 261 10 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 261 11 patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 261 12 carrying carry VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 261 13 AD ad NN cord-337365-hugenn14 261 14 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 261 15 associated associate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 261 16 TREM2 TREM2 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 261 17 variants variant NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 261 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 261 19 85 85 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 261 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 261 21 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 262 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 262 2 contrast contrast NN cord-337365-hugenn14 262 3 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 262 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 262 5 has have VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 262 6 been be VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 262 7 reported report VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 262 8 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 262 9 when when WRB cord-337365-hugenn14 262 10 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 262 11 respond respond VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 262 12 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 262 13 Aβ Aβ NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 262 14 plaques plaque NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 262 15 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 262 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 262 17 activates activate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 262 18 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 262 19 bodies body NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 262 20 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 262 21 leading lead VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 262 22 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 262 23 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 262 24 escalation escalation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 262 25 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 262 26 inflammation inflammation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 262 27 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 262 28 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 262 29 release release NN cord-337365-hugenn14 262 30 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 262 31 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 262 32 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 262 33 associated associate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 262 34 speck speck NN cord-337365-hugenn14 262 35 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 262 36 like like JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 262 37 protein protein NN cord-337365-hugenn14 262 38 containing contain VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 262 39 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 262 40 CARD card NN cord-337365-hugenn14 262 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 262 42 ASC ASC NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 262 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 262 44 specks speck NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 262 45 from from IN cord-337365-hugenn14 262 46 inflammasomes inflammasome NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 262 47 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 262 48 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 262 49 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 262 50 turn turn NN cord-337365-hugenn14 262 51 may may MD cord-337365-hugenn14 262 52 initiate initiate VB cord-337365-hugenn14 262 53 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 262 54 seeding seeding NN cord-337365-hugenn14 262 55 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 262 56 new new JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 262 57 plaques plaque NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 262 58 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 262 59 86 86 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 262 60 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 262 61 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 263 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-337365-hugenn14 263 2 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 263 3 excessive excessive JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 263 4 activation activation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 263 5 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 263 6 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 263 7 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 263 8 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 263 9 early early JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 263 10 stages stage NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 263 11 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 263 12 AD ad NN cord-337365-hugenn14 263 13 may may MD cord-337365-hugenn14 263 14 cause cause VB cord-337365-hugenn14 263 15 excessive excessive JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 263 16 synaptic synaptic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 263 17 pruning pruning NN cord-337365-hugenn14 263 18 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 263 19 leading lead VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 263 20 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 263 21 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 263 22 impairment impairment NN cord-337365-hugenn14 263 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 263 24 87 87 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 263 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 263 26 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 264 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 264 2 summary summary NN cord-337365-hugenn14 264 3 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 264 4 HSV-1 hsv-1 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 264 5 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 264 6 accelerates accelerate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 264 7 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 264 8 deposition deposition NN cord-337365-hugenn14 264 9 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 264 10 Aβ Aβ NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 264 11 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 264 12 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 264 13 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 264 14 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 264 15 activates activate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 264 16 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 264 17 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 265 1 And and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 265 2 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 265 3 role role NN cord-337365-hugenn14 265 4 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 265 5 Aβ Aβ NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 265 6 during during IN cord-337365-hugenn14 265 7 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 265 8 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 265 9 remains remain VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 265 10 obscure obscure JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 265 11 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 265 12 requires require VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 265 13 additional additional JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 265 14 study study NN cord-337365-hugenn14 265 15 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 266 1 Necroptosis Necroptosis NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 266 2 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 266 3 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 266 4 programmed programmed JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 266 5 cell cell NN cord-337365-hugenn14 266 6 death death NN cord-337365-hugenn14 266 7 coordinated coordinate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 266 8 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 266 9 receptor receptor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 266 10 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 266 11 interacting interact VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 266 12 protein protein NN cord-337365-hugenn14 266 13 kinases kinase NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 266 14 1 1 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 266 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 266 16 RIPK1 RIPK1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 266 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 266 18 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 266 19 3 3 LS cord-337365-hugenn14 266 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 266 21 RIPK3 RIPK3 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 266 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 266 23 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 267 1 Mixed mixed JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 267 2 lineage lineage NN cord-337365-hugenn14 267 3 kinase kinase VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 267 4 domain domain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 267 5 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 267 6 like like JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 267 7 protein protein NN cord-337365-hugenn14 267 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 267 9 MLKL MLKL NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 267 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 267 11 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 267 12 an an DT cord-337365-hugenn14 267 13 executioner executioner NN cord-337365-hugenn14 267 14 protein protein NN cord-337365-hugenn14 267 15 that that WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 267 16 participates participate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 267 17 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 267 18 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 267 19 formation formation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 267 20 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 267 21 an an DT cord-337365-hugenn14 267 22 apoptotic apoptotic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 267 23 complex complex NN cord-337365-hugenn14 267 24 that that WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 267 25 promotes promote VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 267 26 cell cell NN cord-337365-hugenn14 267 27 death death NN cord-337365-hugenn14 267 28 through through IN cord-337365-hugenn14 267 29 cell cell NN cord-337365-hugenn14 267 30 membrane membrane NN cord-337365-hugenn14 267 31 disruption disruption NN cord-337365-hugenn14 267 32 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 267 33 cell cell NN cord-337365-hugenn14 267 34 rupture rupture NN cord-337365-hugenn14 267 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 267 36 88 88 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 267 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 267 38 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 268 1 Studies study NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 268 2 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 268 3 shown show VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 268 4 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 268 5 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 268 6 RIPK3 ripk3 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 268 7 signaling signal VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 268 8 pathway pathway NN cord-337365-hugenn14 268 9 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 268 10 control control VB cord-337365-hugenn14 268 11 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 268 12 variety variety NN cord-337365-hugenn14 268 13 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 268 14 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 268 15 infections infection NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 268 16 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 268 17 including include VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 268 18 HSV-1 hsv-1 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 268 19 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 269 1 Murine murine JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 269 2 but but CC cord-337365-hugenn14 269 3 not not RB cord-337365-hugenn14 269 4 human human JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 269 5 RIP1/ RIP1/ NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 269 6 RIP3 RIP3 NNPS cord-337365-hugenn14 269 7 directly directly RB cord-337365-hugenn14 269 8 senses sense VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 269 9 HSV-1 hsv-1 VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 269 10 ICP6 ICP6 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 269 11 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 269 12 initiate initiate VB cord-337365-hugenn14 269 13 necroptosis necroptosis NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 269 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 269 15 89 89 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 269 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 269 17 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 270 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 270 2 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 270 3 WNV WNV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 270 4 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 270 5 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 270 6 model model NN cord-337365-hugenn14 270 7 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 270 8 it -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 270 9 was be VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 270 10 found find VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 270 11 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 270 12 RIPK RIPK NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 270 13 3 3 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 270 14 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 270 15 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 270 16 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 270 17 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 270 18 cell cell NN cord-337365-hugenn14 270 19 death death NN cord-337365-hugenn14 270 20 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 270 21 independent independent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 270 22 neuroinflammation neuroinflammation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 270 23 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 270 24 mice mouse NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 270 25 lacking lack VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 270 26 RIPK RIPK NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 270 27 3 3 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 270 28 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 270 29 or or CC cord-337365-hugenn14 270 30 RIPK ripk NN cord-337365-hugenn14 270 31 1 1 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 270 32 kinase kinase NN cord-337365-hugenn14 270 33 activity activity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 270 34 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 270 35 but but CC cord-337365-hugenn14 270 36 not not RB cord-337365-hugenn14 270 37 those those DT cord-337365-hugenn14 270 38 lacking lack VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 270 39 mlkl mlkl NN cord-337365-hugenn14 270 40 or or CC cord-337365-hugenn14 270 41 mlkl mlkl NN cord-337365-hugenn14 270 42 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 270 43 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 270 44 caspase-8 caspase-8 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 270 45 increased increase VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 270 46 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-337365-hugenn14 270 47 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 270 48 lethal lethal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 270 49 WNV WNV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 270 50 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 270 51 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 271 1 During during IN cord-337365-hugenn14 271 2 WNV WNV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 271 3 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 271 4 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 271 5 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 271 6 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 271 7 RIPK3 RIPK3 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 271 8 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 271 9 activated activate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 271 10 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 271 11 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 271 12 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 271 13 promotes promote VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 271 14 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 271 15 expression expression NN cord-337365-hugenn14 271 16 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 271 17 chemokines chemokine NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 271 18 CCL2 CCL2 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 271 19 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 271 20 CXCL10 CXCL10 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 271 21 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 271 22 etc etc FW cord-337365-hugenn14 271 23 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 272 1 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 272 2 recruits recruit VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 272 3 infiltration infiltration NN cord-337365-hugenn14 272 4 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 272 5 immune immune JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 272 6 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 272 7 including include VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 272 8 T t NN cord-337365-hugenn14 272 9 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 272 10 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 272 11 mononuclear mononuclear JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 272 12 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 272 13 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 272 14 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 272 15 antigen antigen NN cord-337365-hugenn14 272 16 presenting present VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 272 17 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 272 18 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 272 19 exert exert VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 272 20 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 272 21 effects effect NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 272 22 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 273 1 This this DT cord-337365-hugenn14 273 2 process process NN cord-337365-hugenn14 273 3 does do VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 273 4 not not RB cord-337365-hugenn14 273 5 affect affect VB cord-337365-hugenn14 273 6 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 273 7 number number NN cord-337365-hugenn14 273 8 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 273 9 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 273 10 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 273 11 CNS CNS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 273 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 273 13 90 90 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 273 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 273 15 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 274 1 What what WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 274 2 role role NN cord-337365-hugenn14 274 3 does do VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 274 4 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 274 5 RIPK3 ripk3 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 274 6 signaling signal VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 274 7 pathway pathway NN cord-337365-hugenn14 274 8 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 274 9 microglia microglia JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 274 10 play play VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 274 11 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 274 12 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 274 13 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 274 14 ? ? . cord-337365-hugenn14 275 1 Further further JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 275 2 exploration exploration NN cord-337365-hugenn14 275 3 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 275 4 needed need VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 275 5 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 276 1 Most Most JJS cord-337365-hugenn14 276 2 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 276 3 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 276 4 experiments experiment NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 276 5 on on IN cord-337365-hugenn14 276 6 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 276 7 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 276 8 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 276 9 encephalitis encephaliti NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 276 10 remain remain VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 276 11 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 276 12 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 276 13 experimental experimental JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 276 14 stage stage NN cord-337365-hugenn14 276 15 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 276 16 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 276 17 many many JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 276 18 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 276 19 need need VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 276 20 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 276 21 be be VB cord-337365-hugenn14 276 22 further further RB cord-337365-hugenn14 276 23 explored explore VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 276 24 before before IN cord-337365-hugenn14 276 25 being be VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 276 26 applied apply VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 276 27 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 276 28 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 276 29 clinic clinic NN cord-337365-hugenn14 276 30 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 277 1 Although although IN cord-337365-hugenn14 277 2 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 277 3 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 277 4 recognize recognize VB cord-337365-hugenn14 277 5 ATP ATP NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 277 6 released release VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 277 7 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 277 8 infected infected JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 277 9 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 277 10 through through IN cord-337365-hugenn14 277 11 P2Y12 P2Y12 NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 277 12 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 277 13 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 277 14 recruited recruit VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 277 15 around around IN cord-337365-hugenn14 277 16 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 277 17 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 277 18 whether whether IN cord-337365-hugenn14 277 19 there there EX cord-337365-hugenn14 277 20 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 277 21 more more RBR cord-337365-hugenn14 277 22 other other JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 277 23 potent potent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 277 24 chemokines chemokine NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 277 25 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 277 26 further further JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 277 27 exploration exploration NN cord-337365-hugenn14 277 28 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 277 29 needed need VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 277 30 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 278 1 Although although IN cord-337365-hugenn14 278 2 IFN-1 IFN-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 278 3 plays play VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 278 4 an an DT cord-337365-hugenn14 278 5 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 278 6 role role NN cord-337365-hugenn14 278 7 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 278 8 most most RBS cord-337365-hugenn14 278 9 encephalitis encephalitis JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 278 10 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 278 11 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 278 12 optimal optimal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 278 13 IFN-1 IFN-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 278 14 concentration concentration NN cord-337365-hugenn14 278 15 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 278 16 optimal optimal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 278 17 application application NN cord-337365-hugenn14 278 18 time time NN cord-337365-hugenn14 278 19 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 278 20 still still RB cord-337365-hugenn14 278 21 undetermined undetermined JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 278 22 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 279 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 279 2 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 279 3 induce induce VB cord-337365-hugenn14 279 4 autophagy autophagy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 279 5 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 279 6 exert exert VB cord-337365-hugenn14 279 7 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 279 8 effects effect NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 279 9 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 279 10 but but CC cord-337365-hugenn14 279 11 there there EX cord-337365-hugenn14 279 12 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 279 13 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 279 14 evidence evidence NN cord-337365-hugenn14 279 15 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 280 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 280 2 produce produce VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 280 3 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 280 4 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 280 5 chemokines chemokine NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 280 6 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 280 7 induce induce VB cord-337365-hugenn14 280 8 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 280 9 immune immune JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 280 10 responses response NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 280 11 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 281 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 281 2 resident resident NN cord-337365-hugenn14 281 3 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 281 4 different different JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 281 5 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 281 6 regions region NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 281 7 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 281 8 specific specific JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 281 9 gene gene NN cord-337365-hugenn14 281 10 expression expression NN cord-337365-hugenn14 281 11 profiles profile NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 281 12 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 281 13 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 281 14 different different JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 281 15 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 281 16 regions region NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 281 17 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 281 18 different different JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 281 19 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-337365-hugenn14 281 20 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 281 21 viruses virus NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 281 22 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 282 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 282 2 relationship relationship NN cord-337365-hugenn14 282 3 between between IN cord-337365-hugenn14 282 4 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 282 5 two two CD cord-337365-hugenn14 282 6 remains remain NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 282 7 undetermined undetermined JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 282 8 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 282 9 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 282 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 282 11 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 282 12 expected expect VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 282 13 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 282 14 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 282 15 innate innate JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 282 16 immune immune JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 282 17 response response NN cord-337365-hugenn14 282 18 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 282 19 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 282 20 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 282 21 will will MD cord-337365-hugenn14 282 22 be be VB cord-337365-hugenn14 282 23 enhanced enhance VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 282 24 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 282 25 changing change VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 282 26 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 282 27 gene gene NN cord-337365-hugenn14 282 28 expression expression NN cord-337365-hugenn14 282 29 profile profile NN cord-337365-hugenn14 282 30 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 282 31 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 282 32 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 282 33 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 282 34 future future NN cord-337365-hugenn14 282 35 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 283 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 283 2 WNV WNV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 283 3 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 283 4 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 283 5 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 283 6 mediate mediate VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 283 7 presynaptic presynaptic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 283 8 terminal terminal NN cord-337365-hugenn14 283 9 loss loss NN cord-337365-hugenn14 283 10 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 283 11 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 283 12 hippocampus hippocampus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 283 13 though though IN cord-337365-hugenn14 283 14 recognizing recognize VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 283 15 C3 C3 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 283 16 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 283 17 C3R C3R NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 283 18 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 283 19 C3 C3 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 283 20 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 283 21 or or CC cord-337365-hugenn14 283 22 C3R c3r NN cord-337365-hugenn14 283 23 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 283 24 specific specific JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 283 25 antibodies antibody NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 283 26 may may MD cord-337365-hugenn14 283 27 block block VB cord-337365-hugenn14 283 28 this this DT cord-337365-hugenn14 283 29 process process NN cord-337365-hugenn14 283 30 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 284 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 284 2 inhibit inhibit VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 284 3 autophagy autophagy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 284 4 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 284 5 patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 284 6 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 284 7 HIVE HIVE NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 284 8 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 284 9 aggravating aggravate VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 284 10 CNS CNS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 284 11 injury injury NN cord-337365-hugenn14 284 12 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 285 1 How how WRB cord-337365-hugenn14 285 2 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 285 3 inhibit inhibit VB cord-337365-hugenn14 285 4 or or CC cord-337365-hugenn14 285 5 delete delete VB cord-337365-hugenn14 285 6 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 285 7 function function NN cord-337365-hugenn14 285 8 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 285 9 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 285 10 or or CC cord-337365-hugenn14 285 11 how how WRB cord-337365-hugenn14 285 12 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 285 13 enhance enhance VB cord-337365-hugenn14 285 14 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 285 15 autophagy autophagy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 285 16 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 285 17 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 285 18 will will MD cord-337365-hugenn14 285 19 become become VB cord-337365-hugenn14 285 20 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 285 21 direction direction NN cord-337365-hugenn14 285 22 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 285 23 future future JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 285 24 research research NN cord-337365-hugenn14 285 25 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 286 1 There there EX cord-337365-hugenn14 286 2 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 286 3 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 286 4 strong strong JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 286 5 relationship relationship NN cord-337365-hugenn14 286 6 between between IN cord-337365-hugenn14 286 7 fetal fetal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 286 8 cerebellar cerebellar JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 286 9 malformation malformation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 286 10 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 286 11 activation activation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 286 12 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 286 13 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 286 14 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 286 15 ZIKV ZIKV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 286 16 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 286 17 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 286 18 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 286 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 286 20 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 286 21 necessary necessary JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 286 22 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 286 23 develop develop VB cord-337365-hugenn14 286 24 microglia microglia JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 286 25 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 286 26 that that WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 286 27 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 286 28 safe safe JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 286 29 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 286 30 pregnant pregnant JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 286 31 women woman NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 286 32 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 286 33 fetuses fetus NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 286 34 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 287 1 Pelia Pelia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 287 2 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 287 3 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 287 4 promotes promote VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 287 5 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 287 6 replication replication NN cord-337365-hugenn14 287 7 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 287 8 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 287 9 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 287 10 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 287 11 moderate moderate JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 287 12 blockade blockade NN cord-337365-hugenn14 287 13 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 287 14 pelia pelia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 287 15 may may MD cord-337365-hugenn14 287 16 become become VB cord-337365-hugenn14 287 17 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 287 18 target target NN cord-337365-hugenn14 287 19 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 287 20 future future JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 287 21 treatment treatment NN cord-337365-hugenn14 287 22 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 288 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 288 2 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 288 3 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 288 4 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 288 5 Aβ Aβ NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 288 6 produced produce VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 288 7 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 288 8 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 288 9 increases increase VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 288 10 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 288 11 risk risk NN cord-337365-hugenn14 288 12 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 288 13 dementia dementia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 288 14 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 288 15 patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 288 16 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 289 1 Studies study NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 289 2 show show VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 289 3 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 289 4 prolonging prolong VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 289 5 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 289 6 time time NN cord-337365-hugenn14 289 7 will will MD cord-337365-hugenn14 289 8 reduce reduce VB cord-337365-hugenn14 289 9 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 289 10 risk risk NN cord-337365-hugenn14 289 11 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 289 12 dementia dementia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 289 13 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 290 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 290 2 interaction interaction NN cord-337365-hugenn14 290 3 between between IN cord-337365-hugenn14 290 4 Aβ Aβ NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 290 5 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 290 6 activated activate VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 290 7 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 290 8 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 290 9 patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 290 10 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 290 11 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 290 12 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 290 13 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 290 14 unknown unknown JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 290 15 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 291 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 291 2 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 291 3 unknown unknown JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 291 4 whether whether IN cord-337365-hugenn14 291 5 moderately moderately RB cord-337365-hugenn14 291 6 enhancing enhance VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 291 7 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 291 8 phagocytosis phagocytosis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 291 9 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 291 10 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 291 11 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 291 12 reduce reduce VB cord-337365-hugenn14 291 13 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 291 14 risk risk NN cord-337365-hugenn14 291 15 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 291 16 dementia dementia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 291 17 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 292 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 292 2 needs need VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 292 3 further further JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 292 4 research research NN cord-337365-hugenn14 292 5 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 293 1 Traditionally traditionally RB cord-337365-hugenn14 293 2 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 293 3 activation activation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 293 4 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 293 5 RIPK3 ripk3 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 293 6 will will MD cord-337365-hugenn14 293 7 result result VB cord-337365-hugenn14 293 8 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 293 9 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 293 10 formation formation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 293 11 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 293 12 an an DT cord-337365-hugenn14 293 13 apoptotic apoptotic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 293 14 complex complex NN cord-337365-hugenn14 293 15 that that WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 293 16 mediates mediate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 293 17 cell cell NN cord-337365-hugenn14 293 18 death death NN cord-337365-hugenn14 293 19 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 294 1 Recent recent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 294 2 studies study NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 294 3 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 294 4 shown show VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 294 5 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 294 6 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 294 7 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 294 8 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 294 9 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 294 10 activation activation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 294 11 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 294 12 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 294 13 RIPK3 ripk3 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 294 14 exerts exert VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 294 15 an an DT cord-337365-hugenn14 294 16 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 294 17 effect effect NN cord-337365-hugenn14 294 18 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 294 19 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 294 20 death death NN cord-337365-hugenn14 294 21 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 294 22 independent independent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 294 23 pathway pathway NN cord-337365-hugenn14 294 24 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 294 25 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 294 26 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 294 27 RIPK3 ripk3 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 294 28 pathway pathway NN cord-337365-hugenn14 294 29 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 294 30 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 294 31 requires require VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 294 32 further further JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 294 33 investigation investigation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 294 34 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 295 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 295 2 account account VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 295 3 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 295 4 10 10 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 295 5 % % NN cord-337365-hugenn14 295 6 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 295 7 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 295 8 total total JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 295 9 number number NN cord-337365-hugenn14 295 10 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 295 11 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 295 12 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 295 13 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 295 14 adult adult NN cord-337365-hugenn14 295 15 central central JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 295 16 nervous nervous JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 295 17 system system NN cord-337365-hugenn14 295 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 295 19 91 91 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 295 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 295 21 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 296 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 296 2 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 296 3 healthy healthy JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 296 4 CNS CNS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 296 5 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 296 6 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 296 7 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 296 8 not not RB cord-337365-hugenn14 296 9 " " `` cord-337365-hugenn14 296 10 resting rest VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 296 11 " " '' cord-337365-hugenn14 296 12 but but CC cord-337365-hugenn14 296 13 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 296 14 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 296 15 highly highly RB cord-337365-hugenn14 296 16 active active JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 296 17 " " '' cord-337365-hugenn14 296 18 surveillance surveillance NN cord-337365-hugenn14 296 19 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 296 20 rapid rapid JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 296 21 response response NN cord-337365-hugenn14 296 22 " " '' cord-337365-hugenn14 296 23 state state NN cord-337365-hugenn14 296 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 296 25 92 92 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 296 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 296 27 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 297 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 297 2 processes process NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 297 3 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 297 4 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 297 5 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 297 6 continuously continuously RB cord-337365-hugenn14 297 7 scanning scan VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 297 8 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 297 9 environment environment NN cord-337365-hugenn14 297 10 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 297 11 sampling sample VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 297 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 297 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 297 14 93 93 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 297 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 297 16 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 298 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 298 2 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 298 3 able able JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 298 4 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 298 5 detect detect VB cord-337365-hugenn14 298 6 changes change NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 298 7 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 298 8 pH pH NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 298 9 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 298 10 purines purine NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 298 11 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 298 12 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 298 13 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 298 14 chemokines chemokine NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 298 15 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 298 16 amino amino JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 298 17 acids acid NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 298 18 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 298 19 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 298 20 inorganic inorganic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 298 21 compounds compound NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 298 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 298 23 94 94 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 298 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 298 25 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 299 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 299 2 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 299 3 derived derive VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 299 4 from from IN cord-337365-hugenn14 299 5 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 299 6 primitive primitive JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 299 7 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 299 8 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 299 9 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 299 10 yolk yolk NN cord-337365-hugenn14 299 11 sac sac NN cord-337365-hugenn14 299 12 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 299 13 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 299 14 migrate migrate VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 299 15 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 299 16 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 299 17 developing develop VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 299 18 central central JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 299 19 nervous nervous JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 299 20 system system NN cord-337365-hugenn14 299 21 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 300 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 300 2 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 300 3 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 300 4 ability ability NN cord-337365-hugenn14 300 5 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 300 6 self self NN cord-337365-hugenn14 300 7 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 300 8 renew renew VB cord-337365-hugenn14 300 9 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 300 10 thus thus RB cord-337365-hugenn14 300 11 maintaining maintain VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 300 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-337365-hugenn14 300 13 number number NN cord-337365-hugenn14 300 14 throughout throughout IN cord-337365-hugenn14 300 15 life life NN cord-337365-hugenn14 300 16 without without IN cord-337365-hugenn14 300 17 any any DT cord-337365-hugenn14 300 18 input input NN cord-337365-hugenn14 300 19 from from IN cord-337365-hugenn14 300 20 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 300 21 bone bone NN cord-337365-hugenn14 300 22 marrow marrow NN cord-337365-hugenn14 300 23 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 300 24 derived derive VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 300 25 precursor precursor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 300 26 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 300 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 300 28 95 95 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 300 29 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 300 30 96 96 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 300 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 300 32 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 301 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 301 2 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 301 3 respond respond VB cord-337365-hugenn14 301 4 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 301 5 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 301 6 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 301 7 which which WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 301 8 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 301 9 turn turn NN cord-337365-hugenn14 301 10 affects affect VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 301 11 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 301 12 activity activity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 301 13 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 302 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 302 2 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 302 3 involved involve VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 302 4 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 302 5 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 302 6 programmed program VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 302 7 death death NN cord-337365-hugenn14 302 8 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 302 9 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 302 10 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 302 11 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 302 12 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 302 13 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 302 14 clearance clearance NN cord-337365-hugenn14 302 15 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 302 16 new new JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 302 17 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 302 18 during during IN cord-337365-hugenn14 302 19 development development NN cord-337365-hugenn14 302 20 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 303 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 303 2 activity activity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 303 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 303 4 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 303 5 promotes promote VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 303 6 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 303 7 pruning pruning NN cord-337365-hugenn14 303 8 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 303 9 elimination elimination NN cord-337365-hugenn14 303 10 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 303 11 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 303 12 maturation maturation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 303 13 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 303 14 synapses synapsis NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 303 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 303 16 92 92 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 303 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 303 18 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 304 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 304 2 serve serve VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 304 3 important important JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 304 4 physiological physiological JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 304 5 functions function NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 304 6 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 304 7 learning learning NN cord-337365-hugenn14 304 8 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 304 9 memory memory NN cord-337365-hugenn14 304 10 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 304 11 promoting promote VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 304 12 learning learning NN cord-337365-hugenn14 304 13 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 304 14 related relate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 304 15 synapse synapse NN cord-337365-hugenn14 304 16 formation formation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 304 17 through through IN cord-337365-hugenn14 304 18 BDNF BDNF NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 304 19 signaling signal VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 304 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 304 21 80 80 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 304 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 304 23 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 305 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 305 2 phagocytic phagocytic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 305 3 activity activity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 305 4 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 305 5 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 305 6 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 305 7 essential essential JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 305 8 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 305 9 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 305 10 clearance clearance NN cord-337365-hugenn14 305 11 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 305 12 senescent senescent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 305 13 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 305 14 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 305 15 debris debris NN cord-337365-hugenn14 305 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 305 17 97 97 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 305 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 305 19 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 305 20 slowing slow VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 305 21 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 305 22 toxic toxic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 305 23 effects effect NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 305 24 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 305 25 amyloid amyloid NN cord-337365-hugenn14 305 26 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 305 27 β β NN cord-337365-hugenn14 305 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 305 29 98 98 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 305 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 305 31 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 306 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 306 2 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 306 3 not not RB cord-337365-hugenn14 306 4 only only RB cord-337365-hugenn14 306 5 important important JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 306 6 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 306 7 that that WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 306 8 maintain maintain VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 306 9 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 306 10 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 306 11 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 306 12 CNS CNS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 306 13 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 306 14 but but CC cord-337365-hugenn14 306 15 also also RB cord-337365-hugenn14 306 16 respond respond VB cord-337365-hugenn14 306 17 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 306 18 injury injury NN cord-337365-hugenn14 306 19 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 306 20 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 306 21 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 306 22 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 306 23 neurodegeneration neurodegeneration NN cord-337365-hugenn14 306 24 through through IN cord-337365-hugenn14 306 25 proliferation proliferation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 306 26 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 306 27 altered alter VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 306 28 transcription transcription NN cord-337365-hugenn14 306 29 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 306 30 morphology morphology NN cord-337365-hugenn14 306 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 306 32 99 99 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 306 33 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 306 34 92 92 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 306 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 306 36 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 307 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 307 2 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 307 3 often often RB cord-337365-hugenn14 307 4 touted tout VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 307 5 as as IN cord-337365-hugenn14 307 6 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 307 7 first first JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 307 8 responder responder NN cord-337365-hugenn14 307 9 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 307 10 CNS CNS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 307 11 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 307 12 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 307 13 respond respond VB cord-337365-hugenn14 307 14 quickly quickly RB cord-337365-hugenn14 307 15 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 307 16 injury injury VB cord-337365-hugenn14 307 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 307 18 93 93 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 307 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 307 20 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 308 1 However however RB cord-337365-hugenn14 308 2 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 308 3 depending depend VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 308 4 on on IN cord-337365-hugenn14 308 5 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 308 6 stimulus stimulus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 308 7 received receive VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 308 8 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 308 9 this this DT cord-337365-hugenn14 308 10 activation activation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 308 11 profile profile NN cord-337365-hugenn14 308 12 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 308 13 also also RB cord-337365-hugenn14 308 14 different different JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 308 15 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 308 16 may may MD cord-337365-hugenn14 308 17 result result VB cord-337365-hugenn14 308 18 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 308 19 harmful harmful JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 308 20 or or CC cord-337365-hugenn14 308 21 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 308 22 effects effect NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 308 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 308 24 100 100 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 308 25 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 308 26 6 6 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 308 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 308 28 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 309 1 HSV-1 HSV-1 NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 309 2 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 309 3 be be VB cord-337365-hugenn14 309 4 treated treat VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 309 5 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 309 6 but but CC cord-337365-hugenn14 309 7 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 309 8 WNV WNV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 309 9 or or CC cord-337365-hugenn14 309 10 enteroviruses enterovirus NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 309 11 ? ? . cord-337365-hugenn14 310 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 310 2 high high JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 310 3 morbidity morbidity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 310 4 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 310 5 high high JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 310 6 morbidity morbidity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 310 7 rate rate NN cord-337365-hugenn14 310 8 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 310 9 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 310 10 encephalitis encephaliti NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 310 11 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 310 12 caused cause VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 310 13 widespread widespread JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 310 14 concern concern NN cord-337365-hugenn14 310 15 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 311 1 Although although IN cord-337365-hugenn14 311 2 traditional traditional JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 311 3 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 311 4 therapy therapy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 311 5 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 311 6 effective effective JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 311 7 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 311 8 there there EX cord-337365-hugenn14 311 9 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 311 10 still still RB cord-337365-hugenn14 311 11 many many JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 311 12 shortcomings shortcoming NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 311 13 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 312 1 Research research NN cord-337365-hugenn14 312 2 on on IN cord-337365-hugenn14 312 3 microglia microglia JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 312 4 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 312 5 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 312 6 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 312 7 provides provide VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 312 8 new new JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 312 9 targets target NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 312 10 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 312 11 treatment treatment NN cord-337365-hugenn14 312 12 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 313 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 313 2 play play VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 313 3 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 313 4 unique unique JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 313 5 role role NN cord-337365-hugenn14 313 6 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 313 7 different different JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 313 8 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 313 9 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 314 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 314 2 current current JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 314 3 research research NN cord-337365-hugenn14 314 4 on on IN cord-337365-hugenn14 314 5 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 314 6 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 314 7 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 314 8 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 314 9 remains remain VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 314 10 at at IN cord-337365-hugenn14 314 11 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 314 12 experimental experimental JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 314 13 stage stage NN cord-337365-hugenn14 314 14 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 315 1 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 315 2 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 315 3 future future NN cord-337365-hugenn14 315 4 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 315 5 depending depend VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 315 6 on on IN cord-337365-hugenn14 315 7 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 315 8 type type NN cord-337365-hugenn14 315 9 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 315 10 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 315 11 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 315 12 rationally rationally RB cord-337365-hugenn14 315 13 enhancing enhance VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 315 14 or or CC cord-337365-hugenn14 315 15 inhibiting inhibit VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 315 16 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 315 17 activation activation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 315 18 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 315 19 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 315 20 will will MD cord-337365-hugenn14 315 21 greatly greatly RB cord-337365-hugenn14 315 22 improve improve VB cord-337365-hugenn14 315 23 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 315 24 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 315 25 effect effect NN cord-337365-hugenn14 315 26 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 315 27 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 315 28 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 315 29 improve improve VB cord-337365-hugenn14 315 30 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 315 31 prognosis prognosis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 315 32 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 315 33 traditional traditional JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 315 34 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 315 35 therapy therapy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 315 36 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 315 37 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 315 38 reduce reduce VB cord-337365-hugenn14 315 39 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 315 40 sequelae sequela NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 315 41 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 315 42 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 315 43 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 315 44 _SP cord-337365-hugenn14 316 1 Acute acute JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 316 2 Viral Viral NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 316 3 Encephalitis Encephalitis NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 316 4 Kenneth Kenneth NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 316 5 L L NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 316 6 Encephalitis Encephalitis NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 316 7 hospitalization hospitalization NN cord-337365-hugenn14 316 8 rates rate NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 316 9 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 316 10 inpatient inpatient JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 316 11 mortality mortality NN cord-337365-hugenn14 316 12 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 316 13 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 316 14 United United NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 316 15 States States NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 316 16 Burden Burden NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 316 17 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 316 18 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 316 19 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 316 20 associated associate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 316 21 hospitalizations hospitalization NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 316 22 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 316 23 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 316 24 United United NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 316 25 States States NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 317 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 317 2 microglial microglial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 317 3 sensome sensome NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 317 4 revealed reveal VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 5 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 6 direct direct JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 317 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 317 8 sequencing sequencing NN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 9 Tissue tissue NN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 10 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 317 11 resident resident NN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 12 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 317 13 originate originate VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 317 14 from from IN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 15 yolk yolk NN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 16 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 317 17 sac sac NN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 18 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 317 19 derived derive VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 20 erythro erythro NN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 21 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 317 22 myeloid myeloid JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 317 23 progenitors progenitor NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 317 24 Microglial Microglial NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 317 25 physiology physiology NN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 26 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 317 27 pathophysiology pathophysiology NN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 28 : : : cord-337365-hugenn14 317 29 insights insight NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 317 30 from from IN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 31 genome genome NN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 32 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 317 33 wide wide JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 317 34 transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 317 35 profiling profiling NN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 36 Cytosolic Cytosolic NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 317 37 sensing sensing NN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 38 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 39 viruses virus NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 317 40 Activation activation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 41 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 317 42 regulation regulation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 43 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 44 DNA dna NN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 45 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 317 46 driven drive VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 47 immune immune JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 317 48 responses response NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 317 49 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 317 50 control control VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 317 51 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 317 52 spread spread NN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 53 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 54 neurotropic neurotropic NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 317 55 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 56 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 57 via via IN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 58 P2Y12 P2Y12 NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 317 59 signalling signal VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 317 60 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 317 61 recruit recruit NN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 62 monocytes monocyte NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 317 63 through through IN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 64 P2Y12-independent p2y12-independent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 317 65 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 317 66 Molecular molecular JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 317 67 physiology physiology NN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 68 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 69 P2 P2 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 317 70 receptors receptor NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 317 71 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 317 72 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 317 73 central central JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 317 74 nervous nervous JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 317 75 system system NN cord-337365-hugenn14 318 1 Purinergic Purinergic NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 318 2 modulation modulation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 318 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 318 4 microglial microglial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 318 5 cell cell NN cord-337365-hugenn14 318 6 activation activation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 319 1 ATP ATP NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 319 2 mediates mediate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 319 3 rapid rapid JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 319 4 microglial microglial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 319 5 response response NN cord-337365-hugenn14 319 6 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 319 7 local local JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 319 8 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 319 9 injury injury NN cord-337365-hugenn14 319 10 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 319 11 vivo vivo FW cord-337365-hugenn14 319 12 Dore Dore NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 319 13 S S NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 319 14 role role NN cord-337365-hugenn14 319 15 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 319 16 interleukin-10 interleukin-10 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 319 17 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 319 18 acute acute JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 319 19 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 319 20 injuries injury NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 320 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 320 2 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 320 3 required require VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 320 4 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 320 5 protection protection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 320 6 against against IN cord-337365-hugenn14 320 7 lethal lethal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 320 8 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 320 9 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 320 10 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 320 11 mice mouse NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 320 12 Control Control NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 320 13 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 320 14 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 320 15 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 320 16 through through IN cord-337365-hugenn14 320 17 plasmacytoid plasmacytoid NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 320 18 dendritic dendritic NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 320 19 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 320 20 cellderived cellderived JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 320 21 type type NN cord-337365-hugenn14 321 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 321 2 interferon interferon RB cord-337365-hugenn14 322 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 322 2 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 322 3 parenchyma parenchyma NN cord-337365-hugenn14 322 4 has have VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 322 5 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 322 6 type type NN cord-337365-hugenn14 323 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 323 2 interferon interferon VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 323 3 response response NN cord-337365-hugenn14 323 4 that that WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 323 5 can can MD cord-337365-hugenn14 323 6 limit limit VB cord-337365-hugenn14 323 7 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 323 8 spread spread VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 323 9 Mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 323 10 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 323 11 type type NN cord-337365-hugenn14 323 12 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 323 13 I i NN cord-337365-hugenn14 323 14 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 323 15 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 323 16 type type NN cord-337365-hugenn14 323 17 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 323 18 II ii NN cord-337365-hugenn14 323 19 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 323 20 interferon interferon NN cord-337365-hugenn14 323 21 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 323 22 mediated mediate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 323 23 signalling signal VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 323 24 New new JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 323 25 insights insight NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 323 26 into into IN cord-337365-hugenn14 323 27 innate innate JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 323 28 immune immune JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 323 29 restriction restriction NN cord-337365-hugenn14 323 30 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 323 31 West West NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 323 32 Nile Nile NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 323 33 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 323 34 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 323 35 Immune immune VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 323 36 sensing sensing NN cord-337365-hugenn14 323 37 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 323 38 DNA DNA NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 323 39 Cyclic Cyclic NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 323 40 GMP GMP NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 323 41 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 323 42 AMP AMP NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 323 43 synthase synthase NN cord-337365-hugenn14 323 44 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 323 45 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 323 46 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 323 47 DNA dna NN cord-337365-hugenn14 323 48 sensor sensor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 323 49 that that WDT cord-337365-hugenn14 323 50 activates activate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 323 51 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 323 52 type type NN cord-337365-hugenn14 324 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 324 2 interferon interferon VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 324 3 pathway pathway VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 324 4 Pathogen Pathogen NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 324 5 recognition recognition NN cord-337365-hugenn14 324 6 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 324 7 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 324 8 signaling signaling NN cord-337365-hugenn14 324 9 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 324 10 innate innate JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 324 11 immune immune JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 324 12 defenses defense NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 324 13 Functional Functional NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 324 14 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 324 15 deficiency deficiency NN cord-337365-hugenn14 324 16 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 324 17 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 324 18 patient patient NN cord-337365-hugenn14 324 19 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 324 20 herpes herpes NN cord-337365-hugenn14 324 21 simplex simplex NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 324 22 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 325 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 325 2 host host NN cord-337365-hugenn14 325 3 type type NN cord-337365-hugenn14 326 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 327 1 interferon interferon NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 327 2 response response NN cord-337365-hugenn14 327 3 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 327 4 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 327 5 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 327 6 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 327 7 infections infection NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 327 8 Sensing sensing NN cord-337365-hugenn14 327 9 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 327 10 HSV-1 hsv-1 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 327 11 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 327 12 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 327 13 cGAS cgas JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 327 14 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 327 15 STING sting NN cord-337365-hugenn14 327 16 pathway pathway NN cord-337365-hugenn14 327 17 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 327 18 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 327 19 orchestrates orchestrate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 327 20 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 327 21 defence defence NN cord-337365-hugenn14 327 22 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 327 23 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 327 24 CNS CNS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 327 25 Type Type NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 328 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 328 2 interferon interferon VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 328 3 receptor receptor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 328 4 signaling signaling NN cord-337365-hugenn14 328 5 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 328 6 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 328 7 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 328 8 astrocytes astrocyte NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 328 9 regulates regulate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 328 10 microglia microglia JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 328 11 activation activation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 328 12 during during IN cord-337365-hugenn14 328 13 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 328 14 encephalitis encephalitis JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 328 15 CSF-1R csf-1r JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 328 16 inhibition inhibition NN cord-337365-hugenn14 328 17 alters alter VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 328 18 macrophage macrophage NN cord-337365-hugenn14 328 19 polarization polarization NN cord-337365-hugenn14 328 20 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 328 21 blocks block NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 329 1 glioma glioma NN cord-337365-hugenn14 329 2 progression progression NN cord-337365-hugenn14 329 3 Stroma Stroma NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 329 4 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 329 5 derived derive VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 329 6 interleukin-34 interleukin-34 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 329 7 controls control VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 329 8 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 329 9 development development NN cord-337365-hugenn14 329 10 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 329 11 maintenance maintenance NN cord-337365-hugenn14 329 12 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 329 13 langerhans langerhan NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 329 14 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 329 15 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 329 16 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 329 17 maintenance maintenance NN cord-337365-hugenn14 329 18 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 329 19 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 330 1 Sall1 Sall1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 330 2 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 330 3 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 330 4 transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 330 5 regulator regulator NN cord-337365-hugenn14 330 6 defining define VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 330 7 microglia microglia JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 330 8 identity identity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 330 9 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 330 10 function function VB cord-337365-hugenn14 330 11 Regional Regional NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 330 12 astrocyte astrocyte NN cord-337365-hugenn14 331 1 IFN IFN NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 331 2 signaling signal VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 331 3 restricts restrict VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 331 4 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 331 5 during during IN cord-337365-hugenn14 331 6 neurotropic neurotropic NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 331 7 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 331 8 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 331 9 Viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 331 10 pathogen pathogen NN cord-337365-hugenn14 331 11 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 331 12 associated associate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 331 13 molecular molecular JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 331 14 patterns pattern NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 331 15 regulate regulate VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 331 16 blood blood NN cord-337365-hugenn14 331 17 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 331 18 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 331 19 barrier barrier NN cord-337365-hugenn14 331 20 integrity integrity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 331 21 via via IN cord-337365-hugenn14 331 22 competing compete VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 331 23 innate innate JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 331 24 cytokine cytokine NN cord-337365-hugenn14 331 25 signals signal NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 331 26 Capture capture VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 331 27 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 332 1 crawl crawl NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 332 2 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 332 3 cross cross VB cord-337365-hugenn14 332 4 : : : cord-337365-hugenn14 332 5 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 332 6 T T NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 332 7 cell cell NN cord-337365-hugenn14 332 8 code code NN cord-337365-hugenn14 332 9 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 332 10 breach breach VB cord-337365-hugenn14 332 11 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 332 12 blood blood NN cord-337365-hugenn14 332 13 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 332 14 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 332 15 barriers barrier NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 333 1 Interferon Interferon NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 333 2 beta-1b beta-1b NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 333 3 modulates modulate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 333 4 serum serum NN cord-337365-hugenn14 333 5 sVCAM-1 sVCAM-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 333 6 levels level NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 333 7 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 333 8 primary primary JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 333 9 progressive progressive JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 333 10 multiple multiple JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 333 11 sclerosis sclerosis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 333 12 Targeted target VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 333 13 blockade blockade NN cord-337365-hugenn14 333 14 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 333 15 lethal lethal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 333 16 West West NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 333 17 Nile Nile NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 333 18 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 333 19 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-337365-hugenn14 334 1 indicates indicate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 334 2 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 334 3 crucial crucial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 334 4 role role NN cord-337365-hugenn14 334 5 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 334 6 very very RB cord-337365-hugenn14 334 7 late late JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 334 8 antigen antigen NN cord-337365-hugenn14 334 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 334 10 VLA)-4-dependent vla)-4-dependent NN cord-337365-hugenn14 334 11 recruitment recruitment NN cord-337365-hugenn14 334 12 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 334 13 nitric nitric JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 334 14 oxide oxide NN cord-337365-hugenn14 334 15 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 334 16 producing produce VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 334 17 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 334 18 Microglial Microglial NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 334 19 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 334 20 region region NN cord-337365-hugenn14 334 21 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 334 22 dependent dependent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 334 23 diversity diversity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 334 24 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 334 25 selective selective JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 334 26 regional regional JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 334 27 sensitivities sensitivity NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 334 28 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 334 29 aging age VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 334 30 Cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 334 31 induces induce VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 334 32 cytokine cytokine NN cord-337365-hugenn14 334 33 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 334 34 chemokine chemokine NN cord-337365-hugenn14 334 35 production production NN cord-337365-hugenn14 334 36 differentially differentially RB cord-337365-hugenn14 334 37 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 334 38 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 334 39 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 334 40 astrocytes astrocyte NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 334 41 : : : cord-337365-hugenn14 334 42 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 334 43 implications implication NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 335 1 CXCL10 cxcl10 CD cord-337365-hugenn14 335 2 production production NN cord-337365-hugenn14 335 3 from from IN cord-337365-hugenn14 335 4 cytomegalovirus cytomegalovirus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 335 5 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 335 6 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 335 7 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 335 8 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 335 9 regulated regulate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 335 10 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 335 11 both both DT cord-337365-hugenn14 335 12 human human JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 335 13 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 335 14 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 335 15 interleukin-10 interleukin-10 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 335 16 Robust robust JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 335 17 expression expression NN cord-337365-hugenn14 335 18 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 335 19 TNF tnf NN cord-337365-hugenn14 335 20 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 335 21 alpha alpha NN cord-337365-hugenn14 335 22 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 335 23 IL-1beta il-1beta NN cord-337365-hugenn14 335 24 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 335 25 RANTES RANTES NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 335 26 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 335 27 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 335 28 IP-10 IP-10 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 335 29 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 335 30 human human JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 335 31 microglial microglial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 335 32 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 335 33 during during IN cord-337365-hugenn14 335 34 nonproductive nonproductive JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 335 35 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 335 36 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 335 37 herpes herpes NN cord-337365-hugenn14 335 38 simplex simplex NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 335 39 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 336 1 Inflammation inflammation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 336 2 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 336 3 induced induce VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 336 4 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 336 5 STING sting NN cord-337365-hugenn14 336 6 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 336 7 dependent dependent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 336 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 336 9 restricts restrict VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 336 10 Zika Zika NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 336 11 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 336 12 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 336 13 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 336 14 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 336 15 Drosophila drosophila JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 336 16 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 336 17 Immunity immunity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 336 18 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 336 19 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 336 20 melanogasterfrom melanogasterfrom JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 336 21 microbial microbial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 336 22 recognition recognition NN cord-337365-hugenn14 336 23 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 336 24 whole whole JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 336 25 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 336 26 organism organism NN cord-337365-hugenn14 336 27 physiology physiology NN cord-337365-hugenn14 336 28 STING sting NN cord-337365-hugenn14 336 29 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 336 30 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 336 31 innate innate JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 336 32 immune immune JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 336 33 response response NN cord-337365-hugenn14 336 34 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 336 35 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 336 36 acids acid NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 336 37 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 336 38 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 336 39 cytosol cytosol NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 337 2 parasitophorous parasitophorous JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 337 3 vacuole vacuole NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 4 membrane membrane NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 5 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 6 toxoplasma toxoplasma NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 7 gondii gondii NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 337 8 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 337 9 targeted target VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 10 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 11 disruption disruption NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 12 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 13 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 14 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 337 15 like like JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 337 16 conjugation conjugation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 17 systems system NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 337 18 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 19 autophagy autophagy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 20 Antiviral antiviral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 337 21 autophagy autophagy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 22 restricts restrict VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 337 23 Rift Rift NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 337 24 Valley Valley NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 337 25 fever fever NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 26 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 27 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 28 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 337 29 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 337 30 conserved conserve VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 31 from from IN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 32 flies fly NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 337 33 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 34 mammals mammal NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 337 35 STING sting VB cord-337365-hugenn14 337 36 senses sense NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 337 37 microbial microbial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 337 38 viability viability NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 39 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 337 40 orchestrate orchestrate VB cord-337365-hugenn14 337 41 stress stress NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 42 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 337 43 mediated mediate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 44 autophagy autophagy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 45 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 46 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 337 47 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 48 reticulum reticulum NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 49 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 337 50 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 51 immunity immunity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 52 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 337 53 inflammation inflammation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 54 Role role NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 55 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 337 56 regulation regulation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 57 starvation starvation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 58 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 337 59 induced induce VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 60 autophagy autophagy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 61 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 62 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 337 63 Drosophila drosophila JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 337 64 fat fat JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 337 65 body body NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 66 Signal Signal NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 337 67 integration integration NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 68 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 69 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 337 70 IkB IkB NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 337 71 protein protein NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 72 pickle pickle NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 73 shapes shape VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 337 74 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 337 75 innate innate JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 337 76 host host NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 77 defense defense NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 78 Chikungunya Chikungunya NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 337 79 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 80 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 337 81 induced induce VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 82 autophagy autophagy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 83 delays delay NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 337 84 caspase caspase NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 85 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 337 86 dependent dependent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 337 87 cell cell NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 88 death death NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 89 Immune immune NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 90 signaling signal VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 337 91 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 92 RIG rig NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 93 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 337 94 I i NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 95 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 337 96 like like JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 337 97 receptors receptor NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 337 98 Virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 99 recognition recognition NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 100 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 101 Toll-7 Toll-7 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 337 102 activates activate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 337 103 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 337 104 autophagy autophagy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 105 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 106 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 337 107 Neurologic neurologic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 337 108 manifestations manifestation NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 337 109 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 337 110 outcome outcome NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 111 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 112 West West NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 337 113 Nile Nile NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 337 114 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 115 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 116 Persistent persistent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 337 117 neuropsychological neuropsychological JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 337 118 impairment impairment NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 119 associated associate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 120 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 121 West West NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 337 122 Nile Nile NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 337 123 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 124 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 125 A a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 337 126 complement complement NN cord-337365-hugenn14 337 127 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 337 128 microglial microglial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 337 129 axis axis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 338 1 drives drive VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 338 2 synapse synapse NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 338 3 loss loss NN cord-337365-hugenn14 338 4 during during IN cord-337365-hugenn14 338 5 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 338 6 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 338 7 induced induce VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 338 8 memory memory NN cord-337365-hugenn14 338 9 impairment impairment NN cord-337365-hugenn14 338 10 In in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 338 11 vivo vivo NN cord-337365-hugenn14 338 12 visualization visualization NN cord-337365-hugenn14 338 13 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 338 14 activated activate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 338 15 glia glia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 338 16 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 338 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 338 18 11C 11c CD cord-337365-hugenn14 338 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 339 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-337365-hugenn14 339 2 R)-PK11195-PET R)-PK11195-PET `` cord-337365-hugenn14 339 3 following follow VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 339 4 herpes herpes NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 339 5 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 339 6 reveals reveal VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 339 7 projected project VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 339 8 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 339 9 damage damage NN cord-337365-hugenn14 339 10 beyond beyond IN cord-337365-hugenn14 339 11 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 339 12 primary primary JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 339 13 focal focal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 339 14 lesion lesion NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 1 Neuroinflammatory Neuroinflammatory NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 340 2 TNFa TNFa NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 340 3 impairs impair VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 340 4 memory memory NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 5 via via IN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 6 astrocyte astrocyte NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 340 7 signaling signal VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 340 8 TNFa TNFa NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 340 9 controls control VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 340 10 glutamatergic glutamatergic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 340 11 gliotransmission gliotransmission NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 12 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 13 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 340 14 hippocampal hippocampal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 340 15 dentate dentate NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 16 gyrus gyrus NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 340 17 Zika Zika NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 340 18 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 19 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 20 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 21 pregnant pregnant JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 340 22 women woman NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 340 23 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 24 Rio Rio NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 340 25 de de NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 340 26 Janeiro Janeiro NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 340 27 Microcephaly Microcephaly NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 340 28 associated associate VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 340 29 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 30 maternal maternal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 340 31 Zika Zika NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 340 32 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 33 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 34 Guillain Guillain NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 340 35 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 340 36 Barré Barré NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 340 37 syndrome syndrome NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 38 outbreak outbreak NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 39 associated associate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 40 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 41 Zika Zika NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 340 42 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 43 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 44 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 45 French French NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 340 46 Polynesia Polynesia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 340 47 : : : cord-337365-hugenn14 340 48 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 340 49 case case NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 50 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 340 51 control control NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 52 study study NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 53 Zika Zika NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 340 54 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 55 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 340 56 birth birth NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 57 defects defect NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 340 58 - - , cord-337365-hugenn14 340 59 reviewing review VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 340 60 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 340 61 evidence evidence NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 62 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 63 causality causality NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 64 Zika Zika NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 340 65 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 66 associated associate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 67 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 68 microcephaly microcephaly NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 340 69 Zika Zika NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 340 70 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 71 infects infect VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 340 72 human human JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 340 73 fetal fetal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 340 74 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 75 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 340 76 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 340 77 induces induce VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 340 78 inflammation inflammation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 79 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 340 80 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 340 81 blood blood NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 82 vessel vessel NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 83 interactions interaction NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 340 84 : : : cord-337365-hugenn14 340 85 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 340 86 double double RB cord-337365-hugenn14 340 87 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 340 88 edged edged JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 340 89 sword sword NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 90 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 91 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 340 92 pathologies pathology NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 341 1 Human human JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 341 2 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 341 3 parenchymal parenchymal NN cord-337365-hugenn14 341 4 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 341 5 express express VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 341 6 CD14 CD14 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 341 7 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 341 8 CD45 CD45 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 341 9 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 341 10 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 341 11 productively productively RB cord-337365-hugenn14 341 12 infected infect VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 341 13 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 341 14 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 341 15 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 341 16 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 341 17 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 341 18 Central central JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 341 19 nervous nervous JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 341 20 system system NN cord-337365-hugenn14 341 21 damage damage NN cord-337365-hugenn14 341 22 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 341 23 monocytes monocyte NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 341 24 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 341 25 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 341 26 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 341 27 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 341 28 neurological neurological JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 341 29 disorders disorder NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 341 30 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 341 31 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 341 32 Mononuclear Mononuclear NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 342 1 phagocyte phagocyte NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 342 2 immunity immunity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 342 3 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 342 4 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 342 5 neuropathogenesis neuropathogenesis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 342 6 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 342 7 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 342 8 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 342 9 Regulated regulated JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 342 10 expression expression NN cord-337365-hugenn14 342 11 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 342 12 sodium sodium NN cord-337365-hugenn14 342 13 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 342 14 dependent dependent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 342 15 glutamate glutamate NN cord-337365-hugenn14 342 16 transporters transporter NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 342 17 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 342 18 synthetase synthetase NN cord-337365-hugenn14 342 19 : : : cord-337365-hugenn14 342 20 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 342 21 neuroprotective neuroprotective JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 342 22 role role NN cord-337365-hugenn14 342 23 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 342 24 activated activate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 342 25 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 342 26 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 342 27 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 342 28 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 342 29 HIV HIV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 342 30 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 342 31 ? ? . cord-337365-hugenn14 343 1 Decreased decrease VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 343 2 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 343 3 autophagy autophagy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 343 4 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 343 5 HIV HIV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 343 6 dementia dementia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 343 7 : : : cord-337365-hugenn14 344 1 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 344 2 mechanism mechanism NN cord-337365-hugenn14 344 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 344 4 indirect indirect JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 344 5 neurotoxicity neurotoxicity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 344 6 Expression Expression NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 344 7 profiling profiling NN cord-337365-hugenn14 344 8 suggests suggest VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 344 9 microglial microglial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 344 10 impairment impairment NN cord-337365-hugenn14 344 11 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 344 12 HIV HIV NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 344 13 neuropathogenesis neuropathogenesis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 344 14 Cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 344 15 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 344 16 Microglial Microglial NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 344 17 nodular nodular JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 344 18 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 344 19 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 344 20 ventriculoencephalitis ventriculoencephalitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 344 21 due due IN cord-337365-hugenn14 344 22 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 344 23 cytomegalovirus cytomegalovirus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 344 24 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 344 25 patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 344 26 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 344 27 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 344 28 : : : cord-337365-hugenn14 344 29 two two CD cord-337365-hugenn14 344 30 distinct distinct JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 344 31 clinical clinical JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 344 32 patterns pattern NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 344 33 Acta Acta NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 344 34 Neuropathol Neuropathol NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 345 1 : : : cord-337365-hugenn14 345 2 Microglial Microglial NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 345 3 nodules nodule NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 345 4 provide provide VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 345 5 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 345 6 environment environment NN cord-337365-hugenn14 345 7 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 345 8 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 345 9 T t NN cord-337365-hugenn14 345 10 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 345 11 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 345 12 human human JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 345 13 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 346 1 Peli1 peli1 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 346 2 facilitates facilitate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 346 3 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 346 4 replication replication NN cord-337365-hugenn14 346 5 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 346 6 promotes promote VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 346 7 neuroinflammation neuroinflammation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 346 8 during during IN cord-337365-hugenn14 346 9 West West NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 346 10 Nile Nile NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 346 11 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 346 12 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 346 13 Differential differential JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 346 14 responses response NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 346 15 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 346 16 human human JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 346 17 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 346 18 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 346 19 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 346 20 West West NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 346 21 Nile Nile NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 346 22 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 346 23 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 347 1 Peli1 Peli1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 347 2 promotes promote VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 347 3 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 347 4 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 347 5 mediated mediate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 347 6 CNS CNS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 347 7 inflammation inflammation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 347 8 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 347 9 regulating regulate VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 347 10 Traf3 traf3 JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 347 11 degradation degradation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 348 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 348 2 recognize recognize VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 348 3 double double RB cord-337365-hugenn14 348 4 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 348 5 stranded strand VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 348 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 348 7 via via IN cord-337365-hugenn14 348 8 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 348 9 Protective protective JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 348 10 effect effect NN cord-337365-hugenn14 348 11 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 348 12 amyloid amyloid NN cord-337365-hugenn14 348 13 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 348 14 β β NN cord-337365-hugenn14 348 15 peptides peptide NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 348 16 against against IN cord-337365-hugenn14 348 17 herpes herpes NN cord-337365-hugenn14 348 18 simplex simplex NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 348 19 Virus-1 Virus-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 348 20 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 348 21 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 348 22 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 348 23 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 348 24 cell cell NN cord-337365-hugenn14 348 25 culture culture NN cord-337365-hugenn14 348 26 model model NN cord-337365-hugenn14 349 1 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 349 2 's 's POS cord-337365-hugenn14 349 3 disease disease NN cord-337365-hugenn14 349 4 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 349 5 associated associate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 349 6 β β NN cord-337365-hugenn14 349 7 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 349 8 amyloid amyloid NN cord-337365-hugenn14 349 9 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 349 10 rapidly rapidly RB cord-337365-hugenn14 349 11 seeded seed VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 349 12 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 349 13 herpesviridae herpesviridae NN cord-337365-hugenn14 349 14 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 349 15 protect protect VB cord-337365-hugenn14 349 16 against against IN cord-337365-hugenn14 349 17 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 349 18 infection infection NN cord-337365-hugenn14 349 19 Anti anti JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 349 20 - - JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 349 21 herpetic herpetic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 349 22 medications medication NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 349 23 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 349 24 reduced reduce VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 349 25 risk risk NN cord-337365-hugenn14 349 26 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 349 27 dementia dementia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 349 28 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 349 29 patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 349 30 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 349 31 herpes herpes NN cord-337365-hugenn14 349 32 simplex simplex NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 349 33 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 349 34 infections infection NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 349 35 - - : cord-337365-hugenn14 349 36 a a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 349 37 Nationwide Nationwide NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 349 38 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 350 1 Population population NN cord-337365-hugenn14 350 2 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 350 3 Based Based NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 350 4 Cohort Cohort NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 350 5 Study Study NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 350 6 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 350 7 Taiwan Taiwan NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 351 1 Neurotherapeutics Neurotherapeutics NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 351 2 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 351 3 activation activation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 351 4 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 351 5 antiinflammatory antiinflammatory JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 351 6 regulation regulation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 351 7 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 351 8 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 351 9 's 's POS cord-337365-hugenn14 351 10 disease disease NN cord-337365-hugenn14 352 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 352 2 promote promote VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 352 3 learning learn VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 352 4 dependent dependent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 352 5 synapse synapse NN cord-337365-hugenn14 352 6 formation formation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 352 7 through through IN cord-337365-hugenn14 352 8 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 352 9 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 352 10 derived derive VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 352 11 neurotrophic neurotrophic NN cord-337365-hugenn14 352 12 factor factor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 353 1 A a DT cord-337365-hugenn14 353 2 unique unique JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 353 3 microglia microglia JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 353 4 type type NN cord-337365-hugenn14 353 5 associated associate VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 353 6 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 353 7 restricting restrict VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 353 8 development development NN cord-337365-hugenn14 353 9 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 353 10 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 353 11 's 's POS cord-337365-hugenn14 353 12 disease disease NN cord-337365-hugenn14 354 1 TREM2 TREM2 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 354 2 deficiency deficiency NN cord-337365-hugenn14 354 3 impairs impair VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 354 4 chemotaxis chemotaxis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 354 5 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 354 6 microglial microglial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 354 7 responses response NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 354 8 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 354 9 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 354 10 injury injury NN cord-337365-hugenn14 355 1 TREM2 TREM2 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 355 2 maintains maintain VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 355 3 microglial microglial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 355 4 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 355 5 fitness fitness NN cord-337365-hugenn14 355 6 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 355 7 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 355 8 's 's POS cord-337365-hugenn14 355 9 disease disease NN cord-337365-hugenn14 356 1 TREM2-mediated trem2-mediated DT cord-337365-hugenn14 356 2 early early JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 356 3 microglial microglial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 356 4 response response NN cord-337365-hugenn14 356 5 limits limit VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 356 6 diffusion diffusion NN cord-337365-hugenn14 356 7 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 356 8 toxicity toxicity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 356 9 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 356 10 amyloid amyloid NN cord-337365-hugenn14 356 11 plaques plaque NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 356 12 TREM2 TREM2 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 356 13 haplodeficiency haplodeficiency NN cord-337365-hugenn14 356 14 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 356 15 mice mouse NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 356 16 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 357 1 humans human NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 357 2 impairs impair VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 357 3 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 357 4 microglia microglia JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 357 5 barrier barrier NN cord-337365-hugenn14 357 6 function function NN cord-337365-hugenn14 357 7 leading lead VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 357 8 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 357 9 decreased decrease VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 357 10 amyloid amyloid NN cord-337365-hugenn14 357 11 compaction compaction NN cord-337365-hugenn14 357 12 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 358 1 severe severe JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 358 2 axonal axonal JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 358 3 dystrophy dystrophy NN cord-337365-hugenn14 358 4 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 358 5 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 358 6 derived derive VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 358 7 ASC ASC NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 358 8 specks speck NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 358 9 cross cross VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 358 10 seed seed NN cord-337365-hugenn14 358 11 amyloid amyloid NN cord-337365-hugenn14 358 12 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 358 13 beta beta NN cord-337365-hugenn14 358 14 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 358 15 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 358 16 's 's POS cord-337365-hugenn14 358 17 disease disease NN cord-337365-hugenn14 358 18 Complement complement NN cord-337365-hugenn14 358 19 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 358 20 microglia microglia NN cord-337365-hugenn14 358 21 mediate mediate VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 358 22 early early JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 358 23 synapse synapse NN cord-337365-hugenn14 358 24 loss loss NN cord-337365-hugenn14 358 25 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 358 26 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 358 27 mouse mouse NN cord-337365-hugenn14 358 28 models model NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 358 29 Mixed mix VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 358 30 lineage lineage NN cord-337365-hugenn14 358 31 kinase kinase VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 358 32 domain domain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 358 33 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 358 34 like like JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 358 35 protein protein NN cord-337365-hugenn14 358 36 MLKL MLKL NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 358 37 causes cause VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 358 38 necrotic necrotic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 358 39 membrane membrane NN cord-337365-hugenn14 358 40 disruption disruption NN cord-337365-hugenn14 358 41 upon upon IN cord-337365-hugenn14 358 42 phosphorylation phosphorylation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 358 43 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 359 1 RIP3 RIP3 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 359 2 RIP1 RIP1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 359 3 / / SYM cord-337365-hugenn14 359 4 RIP3 RIP3 NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 359 5 binding bind VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 359 6 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 359 7 HSV-1 HSV-1 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 359 8 ICP6 ICP6 NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 359 9 initiates initiate VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 359 10 necroptosis necroptosis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 359 11 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 359 12 restrict restrict VB cord-337365-hugenn14 359 13 virus virus NN cord-337365-hugenn14 359 14 propagation propagation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 359 15 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 359 16 mice mouse NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 360 1 Oberst Oberst NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 360 2 a. a. NN cord-337365-hugenn14 360 3 RIPK3 ripk3 NN cord-337365-hugenn14 360 4 restricts restrict VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 360 5 viral viral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 360 6 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 360 7 via via IN cord-337365-hugenn14 360 8 cell cell NN cord-337365-hugenn14 360 9 death death NN cord-337365-hugenn14 360 10 independent independent JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 360 11 neuroinflammation neuroinflammation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 360 12 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 360 13 : : : cord-337365-hugenn14 361 1 scapegoat scapegoat NN cord-337365-hugenn14 361 2 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 361 3 saboteur saboteur NN cord-337365-hugenn14 361 4 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 361 5 or or CC cord-337365-hugenn14 361 6 something something NN cord-337365-hugenn14 361 7 else else RB cord-337365-hugenn14 361 8 ? ? . cord-337365-hugenn14 362 1 Sublime sublime JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 362 2 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 362 3 : : : cord-337365-hugenn14 363 1 expanding expand VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 363 2 roles role NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 363 3 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 4 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 363 5 guardians guardian NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 363 6 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 7 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 363 8 CNS CNS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 363 9 Resting rest VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 363 10 microglial microglial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 363 11 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 363 12 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 363 13 highly highly RB cord-337365-hugenn14 363 14 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 363 15 surveillants surveillant NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 363 16 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 17 brain brain NN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 18 parenchyma parenchyma NN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 19 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 20 vivo vivo NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 363 21 Heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 22 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 23 CNS CNS NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 363 24 myeloid myeloid NN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 25 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 363 26 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 363 27 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-337365-hugenn14 363 28 roles role NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 363 29 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 30 neurodegeneration neurodegeneration NN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 31 Regulation regulation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 32 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 33 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 363 34 development development NN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 35 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 363 36 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 37 Development development NN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 38 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 363 39 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 40 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 41 " " `` cord-337365-hugenn14 363 42 resident resident JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 363 43 " " '' cord-337365-hugenn14 363 44 myeloid myeloid NN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 45 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 363 46 : : : cord-337365-hugenn14 363 47 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 363 48 case case NN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 49 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 50 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 363 51 microglia microglia JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 363 52 Clearance Clearance NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 363 53 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 54 apoptotic apoptotic JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 363 55 neurons neuron NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 363 56 without without IN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 57 inflammation inflammation NN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 58 by by IN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 59 microglial microglial JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 363 60 triggering trigger VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 363 61 receptor receptor NN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 62 expressed express VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 63 on on IN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 64 myeloid myeloid NN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 65 cells-2 cells-2 IN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 66 Gsecretase Gsecretase NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 363 67 component component NN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 68 presenilin presenilin NN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 69 is be VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 363 70 important important JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 363 71 for for IN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 72 microglia microglia NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 363 73 b b NN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 74 - - HYPH cord-337365-hugenn14 363 75 amyloid amyloid NN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 76 clearance clearance NN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 77 Myeloid Myeloid NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 363 78 cells cell NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 363 79 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 363 80 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 363 81 central central JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 363 82 nervous nervous JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 363 83 system system NN cord-337365-hugenn14 364 1 Differential differential JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 364 2 roles role NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 364 3 of of IN cord-337365-hugenn14 364 4 microglia microglia NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 364 5 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 364 6 monocytes monocyte NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 364 7 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 364 8 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 364 9 inflamed inflamed JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 364 10 central central JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 364 11 nervous nervous JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 364 12 system system NN cord-337365-hugenn14 364 13 Not not RB cord-337365-hugenn14 364 14 applicable applicable JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 364 15 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 365 1 Not not RB cord-337365-hugenn14 365 2 applicable applicable JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 365 3 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 366 1 Authors author NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 366 2 confirm confirm VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 366 3 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 366 4 all all DT cord-337365-hugenn14 366 5 relevant relevant JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 366 6 data datum NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 366 7 are be VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 366 8 included include VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 366 9 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 366 10 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 366 11 article article NN cord-337365-hugenn14 366 12 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 367 1 Authors author NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 367 2 ' ' POS cord-337365-hugenn14 367 3 contributions contribution NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 367 4 ZC ZC NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 367 5 carried carry VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 367 6 out out RP cord-337365-hugenn14 367 7 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 367 8 literature literature NN cord-337365-hugenn14 367 9 review review NN cord-337365-hugenn14 367 10 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 367 11 participated participate VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 367 12 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 367 13 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 367 14 sequence sequence NN cord-337365-hugenn14 367 15 alignment alignment NN cord-337365-hugenn14 367 16 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 367 17 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 367 18 drafted draft VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 367 19 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 367 20 manuscript manuscript NN cord-337365-hugenn14 367 21 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 368 1 DZ DZ NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 368 2 helped help VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 368 3 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 368 4 draft draft VB cord-337365-hugenn14 368 5 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 368 6 manuscript manuscript NN cord-337365-hugenn14 368 7 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 369 1 GL GL NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 369 2 conceived conceive VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 369 3 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 369 4 designed design VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 369 5 , , , cord-337365-hugenn14 369 6 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 369 7 coordinated coordinate VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 369 8 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 369 9 study study NN cord-337365-hugenn14 369 10 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 369 11 contributed contribute VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 369 12 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 369 13 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 369 14 finalized finalize VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 369 15 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 369 16 draft draft NN cord-337365-hugenn14 369 17 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 370 1 All all DT cord-337365-hugenn14 370 2 authors author NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 370 3 read read VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 370 4 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 370 5 approved approve VBD cord-337365-hugenn14 370 6 the the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 370 7 final final JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 370 8 manuscript manuscript NN cord-337365-hugenn14 370 9 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 371 1 Ethics ethic NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 371 2 approval approval NN cord-337365-hugenn14 371 3 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 371 4 consent consent NN cord-337365-hugenn14 371 5 to to TO cord-337365-hugenn14 371 6 participate participate VB cord-337365-hugenn14 371 7 Not not RB cord-337365-hugenn14 371 8 applicable applicable JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 371 9 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 372 1 Not not RB cord-337365-hugenn14 372 2 applicable applicable JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 372 3 as as IN cord-337365-hugenn14 372 4 no no DT cord-337365-hugenn14 372 5 patients patient NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 372 6 / / SYM cord-337365-hugenn14 372 7 participants participant NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 372 8 involved involve VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 372 9 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 372 10 this this DT cord-337365-hugenn14 372 11 review review NN cord-337365-hugenn14 372 12 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 373 1 The the DT cord-337365-hugenn14 373 2 authors author NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 373 3 declare declare VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 373 4 that that IN cord-337365-hugenn14 373 5 they -PRON- PRP cord-337365-hugenn14 373 6 have have VBP cord-337365-hugenn14 373 7 no no DT cord-337365-hugenn14 373 8 competing compete VBG cord-337365-hugenn14 373 9 interests interest NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 373 10 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 374 1 Springer Springer NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 374 2 Nature Nature NNP cord-337365-hugenn14 374 3 remains remain VBZ cord-337365-hugenn14 374 4 neutral neutral JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 374 5 with with IN cord-337365-hugenn14 374 6 regard regard NN cord-337365-hugenn14 374 7 to to IN cord-337365-hugenn14 374 8 jurisdictional jurisdictional JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 374 9 claims claim NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 374 10 in in IN cord-337365-hugenn14 374 11 published publish VBN cord-337365-hugenn14 374 12 maps map NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 374 13 and and CC cord-337365-hugenn14 374 14 institutional institutional JJ cord-337365-hugenn14 374 15 affiliations affiliation NNS cord-337365-hugenn14 374 16 . . . cord-337365-hugenn14 374 17 _SP