id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-332113-37g4regv	Neu, Josef	The Microbiome and Its Impact on Disease in the Preterm Patient	2013-10-01		.txt	text/plain	4238	193	36	Although a commonly held belief is that the intestinal tract of the fetus is sterile, recent studies using a combination of culture and non-culture-based techniques suggest that many preterm infants are exposed to microbes found in the amniotic fluid, even without a history of rupture of membranes or culture-positive chorioamnionitis [10 • , 11] . Those infants born via C-section, fed formula milk and exposed to antibiotics have a decrease in diversity of intestinal microbiota and abnormal patterns of colonization with suppression of ''healthy'' bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria. [31] Since many mothers delivered by C-section also receive antibiotics, whether they have a role in perturbing the newborn intestinal microecology remains unknown but is a confounding factor when one evaluates the epidemiology studies showing atopic disease, type 1 diabetes and food allergies in C-section versus vaginally delivered infants. Studies in animals and premature infants have shown that human milk decreases the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) [32, 33] .	./cache/cord-332113-37g4regv.txt	./txt/cord-332113-37g4regv.txt