id sid tid token lemma pos cord-002407-25cawzi0 1 1 key key JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 2 1 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 2 2 cord-002407 cord-002407 JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 2 3 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 2 4 25cawzi0 25cawzi0 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 2 5 authors author NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 2 6 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 2 7 Nogales Nogales NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 2 8 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 2 9 Aitor Aitor NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 2 10 ; ; : cord-002407-25cawzi0 2 11 Martínez Martínez NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 2 12 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 2 13 Sobrido Sobrido NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 2 14 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 2 15 Luis Luis NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 2 16 title title NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 2 17 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 3 1 Reverse Reverse NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 3 2 Genetics Genetics NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 3 3 Approaches Approaches NNPS cord-002407-25cawzi0 3 4 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 3 5 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 3 6 Development Development NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 3 7 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 3 8 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 3 9 Vaccines Vaccines NNPS cord-002407-25cawzi0 3 10 date date NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 3 11 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 3 12 2016 2016 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 3 13 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 3 14 12 12 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 3 15 - - SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 3 16 22 22 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 3 17 journal journal NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 3 18 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 4 1 Int Int NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 4 2 J J NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 4 3 Mol Mol NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 4 4 Sci Sci NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 4 5 DOI DOI NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 4 6 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 4 7 10.3390 10.3390 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 4 8 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 4 9 ijms18010020 ijms18010020 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 4 10 sha sha NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 4 11 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 4 12 4b3de92b03457bddd57edad106262751d712c528 4b3de92b03457bddd57edad106262751d712c528 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 4 13 doc_id doc_id CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 4 14 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 4 15 2407 2407 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 5 1 cord_uid cord_uid NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 5 2 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 6 1 25cawzi0 25cawzi0 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 7 1 Influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 7 2 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 7 3 cause cause VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 7 4 annual annual JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 7 5 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 7 6 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 7 7 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 7 8 occasional occasional JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 7 9 pandemics pandemic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 7 10 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 7 11 human human JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 7 12 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 7 13 disease disease NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 7 14 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 8 1 Influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 8 2 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 8 3 infections infection NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 8 4 represent represent VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 8 5 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 8 6 serious serious JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 8 7 public public JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 8 8 health health NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 8 9 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 8 10 economic economic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 8 11 problem problem NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 8 12 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 8 13 which which WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 8 14 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 8 15 most most RBS cord-002407-25cawzi0 8 16 effectively effectively RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 8 17 prevented prevent VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 8 18 through through IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 8 19 vaccination vaccination NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 8 20 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 1 However however RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 3 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 4 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 5 undergo undergo VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 6 continual continual JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 7 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 8 variation variation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 9 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 10 which which WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 11 requires require VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 12 either either CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 13 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 14 annual annual JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 15 reformulation reformulation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 16 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 17 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 18 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 19 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 20 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 21 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 22 rapid rapid JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 23 generation generation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 24 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 25 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 26 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 27 potential potential JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 28 pandemic pandemic NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 29 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 30 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 9 31 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 2 segmented segmented JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 3 nature nature NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 4 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 5 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 6 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 7 allows allow VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 8 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 9 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 10 reassortment reassortment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 11 between between IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 12 two two CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 13 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 14 more more JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 15 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 16 within within IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 17 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 18 co co JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 19 - - JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 20 infected infected JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 21 cell cell NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 22 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 23 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 24 this this DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 25 characteristic characteristic NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 26 has have VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 27 also also RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 28 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 29 harnessed harness VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 30 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 31 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 32 laboratory laboratory NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 33 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 34 generate generate VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 35 reassortant reassortant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 36 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 37 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 38 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 39 use use NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 40 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 41 either either CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 42 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 43 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 44 live live RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 45 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 46 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 47 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 48 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 10 49 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 1 With with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 2 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 3 implementation implementation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 4 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 5 plasmid plasmid NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 6 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 7 based base VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 8 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 9 genetics genetics NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 10 techniques technique NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 11 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 13 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 14 now now RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 15 possible possible JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 16 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 17 engineer engineer VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 18 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 19 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 20 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 21 entirely entirely RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 22 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 23 full full JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 24 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 25 length length NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 26 complementary complementary JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 27 DNA dna NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 28 copies copy NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 29 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 30 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 31 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 32 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 33 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 34 transfection transfection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 35 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 36 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 37 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 11 38 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 1 These these DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 2 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 3 genetics genetics NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 4 systems system NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 5 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 6 provided provide VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 7 investigators investigator NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 8 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 9 novel novel JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 10 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 11 powerful powerful JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 12 approaches approach NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 13 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 14 answer answer VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 15 important important JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 16 questions question NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 17 about about IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 18 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 19 biology biology NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 20 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 21 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 22 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 23 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 24 including include VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 25 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 26 function function NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 27 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 28 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 29 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 30 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 31 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 32 interaction interaction NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 33 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 34 cellular cellular JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 35 host host NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 36 factors factor NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 37 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 38 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 39 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 40 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 41 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 42 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 43 transmission transmission NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 44 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 45 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 12 46 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 1 In in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 2 addition addition NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 3 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 4 reverse reverse VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 5 genetics genetics NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 6 techniques technique NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 7 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 8 allowed allow VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 9 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 10 generation generation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 11 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 12 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 13 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 14 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 15 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 16 providing provide VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 17 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 18 powerful powerful JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 19 technology technology NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 20 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 21 develop develop VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 22 both both DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 23 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 24 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 25 live live RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 26 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 27 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 28 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 29 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 13 30 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 1 In in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 2 this this DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 3 review review NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 4 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 6 will will MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 7 summarize summarize VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 8 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 9 current current JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 10 knowledge knowledge NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 11 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 12 state state NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 13 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 14 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 15 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 16 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 17 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 18 art art NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 19 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 20 plasmid plasmid NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 21 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 22 based base VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 23 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 24 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 25 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 26 genetics genetics NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 27 approaches approach NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 28 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 29 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 30 implementation implementation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 31 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 32 provide provide VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 33 rapid rapid JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 34 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 35 convenient convenient JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 36 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 37 safe safe JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 38 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 39 more more RBR cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 40 effective effective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 41 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 42 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 43 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 44 live live RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 45 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 46 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 47 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 14 48 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 15 1 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 15 2 A A NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 15 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 15 4 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 15 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 15 6 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 15 7 B B NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 15 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 15 9 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 15 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 15 11 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 15 12 belong belong VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 15 13 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 15 14 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 15 15 Orthomyxoviridae Orthomyxoviridae NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 15 16 family family NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 15 17 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 15 18 enveloped envelop VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 15 19 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 15 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 15 21 1 1 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 15 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 15 23 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 16 1 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 16 2 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 16 3 able able JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 16 4 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 16 5 infect infect VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 16 6 several several JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 16 7 species specie NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 16 8 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 16 9 mostly mostly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 16 10 exists exist VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 16 11 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 16 12 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 16 13 wild wild JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 16 14 aquatic aquatic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 16 15 fowl fowl NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 16 16 reservoir reservoir NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 16 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 16 18 2 2 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 16 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 16 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 16 21 3 3 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 16 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 16 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 16 24 4 4 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 16 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 16 26 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 1 On on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 2 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 3 other other JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 4 hand hand NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 5 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 6 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 7 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 8 mainly mainly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 9 restricted restrict VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 10 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 11 adapted adapt VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 12 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 13 humans human NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 14 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 15 although although IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 16 sporadic sporadic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 17 infections infection NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 18 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 19 seals seal NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 20 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 21 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 22 documented document VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 24 5 5 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 25 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 26 6 6 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 17 28 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 18 1 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 18 2 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 18 3 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 18 4 genomes genome NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 18 5 contain contain VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 18 6 eight eight CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 18 7 negative negative JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 18 8 sense sense NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 18 9 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 18 10 single single RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 18 11 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 18 12 stranded strand VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 18 13 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 18 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 18 15 v)RNA v)RNA VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 18 16 segments segment NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 18 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 18 18 1 1 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 18 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 18 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 18 21 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 18 22 1 1 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 18 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 18 24 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 1 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 2 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 3 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 4 vRNAs vRNAs NNPS cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 5 contain contain VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 6 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 7 central central JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 8 coding code VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 9 region region NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 10 that that WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 11 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 12 flanked flank VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 13 at at IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 14 both both DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 15 terminal terminal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 16 ends end NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 17 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 18 non non JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 19 - - JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 20 coding coding JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 21 regions region NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 23 NCRs NCRs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 25 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 26 which which WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 27 serve serve VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 28 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 29 promoters promoter NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 30 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 31 initiate initiate VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 32 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 33 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 34 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 35 gene gene NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 36 transcription transcription NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 37 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 38 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 39 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 40 polymerase polymerase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 41 complex complex NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 42 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 43 1 1 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 44 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 45 7 7 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 19 47 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 1 Influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 2 vRNAs vRNAs NNPS cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 3 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 4 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 5 virion virion NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 6 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 7 found find VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 8 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 9 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 10 ribonucleoprotein ribonucleoprotein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 12 vRNP vrnp NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 14 complexes complex NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 15 encapsidated encapsidate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 16 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 17 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 18 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 19 nucleoprotein nucleoprotein NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 21 NP NP NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 23 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 24 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 25 single single JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 26 copy copy NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 27 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 28 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 29 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 30 polymerase polymerase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 31 complex complex NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 20 32 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 21 1 Influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 21 2 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 21 3 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 21 4 encoded encode VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 21 5 RNA rna NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 21 6 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 21 7 dependent dependent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 21 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 21 9 polymerase polymerase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 21 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 21 11 RdRp RdRp NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 21 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 2 8 8 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 4 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 5 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 6 trimeric trimeric RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 7 complex complex JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 8 consisting consisting NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 9 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 10 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 11 polymerase polymerase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 12 basic basic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 13 1 1 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 15 PB1 PB1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 17 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 18 2 2 LS cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 20 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 22 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 23 acidic acidic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 25 PA PA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 27 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 28 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 29 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 30 together together RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 31 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 32 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 33 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 34 NP NP NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 35 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 36 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 37 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 38 minimal minimal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 39 components component NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 40 involved involve VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 41 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 42 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 43 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 44 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 45 transcription transcription NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 47 9 9 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 22 49 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 1 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 2 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 3 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 4 share share VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 5 many many JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 6 features feature NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 7 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 8 but but CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 9 they -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 10 differ differ VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 11 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 13 host host NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 14 range range NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 15 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 16 virion virion NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 17 structure structure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 18 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 19 genomic genomic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 20 organization organization NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 21 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 22 glycan glycan NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 23 binding bind VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 24 specificities specificity NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 26 1 1 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 27 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 28 10 10 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 23 30 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 1 Despite despite IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 2 having have VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 3 similar similar JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 4 genomes genome NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 5 encoding encode VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 6 homologous homologous JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 7 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 8 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 9 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 10 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 11 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 12 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 13 distinguished distinguish VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 14 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 15 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 16 different different JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 17 lengths length NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 18 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 19 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 20 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 21 noncoding noncoding JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 22 regions region NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 24 NCRs NCRs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 26 that that WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 27 serve serve VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 28 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 29 promoters promoter NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 30 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 31 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 32 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 33 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 34 gene gene NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 35 transcription transcription NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 37 5 5 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 38 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 39 11 11 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 40 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 41 12 12 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 24 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 25 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 25 2 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 25 3 1 1 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 25 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 25 5 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 1 Likewise likewise RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 4 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 5 also also RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 6 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 7 distinguished distinguish VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 8 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 9 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 10 presence presence NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 11 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 12 accessory accessory NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 13 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 14 encoded encode VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 15 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 16 overlapping overlap VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 17 open open JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 18 reading reading NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 19 frames frame NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 21 ORFs ORFs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 23 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 24 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 25 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 26 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 27 differences difference NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 28 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 29 internal internal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 30 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 32 13 13 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 35 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 36 1A 1a NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 37 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 38 B b NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 26 40 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 27 1 For for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 27 2 instance instance NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 27 3 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 27 4 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 27 5 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 27 6 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 27 7 both both DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 27 8 encode encode VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 27 9 ion ion NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 27 10 channel channel NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 27 11 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 27 12 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 27 13 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 27 14 gene gene NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 27 15 M M NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 27 16 segment segment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 27 17 7 7 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 27 18 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 27 19 M2 M2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 27 20 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 27 21 BM2 BM2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 27 22 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 27 23 respectively respectively RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 27 24 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 2 M2 M2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 3 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 4 BM2 BM2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 5 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 6 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 7 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 8 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 9 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 10 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 11 encoded encode VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 12 together together RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 13 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 14 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 15 matrix matrix NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 16 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 17 1 1 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 19 M1 M1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 21 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 22 both both DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 23 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 24 incorporated incorporate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 25 into into IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 26 virions virion NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 27 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 28 expressed express VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 29 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 30 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 31 surface surface NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 32 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 33 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 34 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 35 infected infect VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 36 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 38 1 1 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 28 40 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 1 However however RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 4 M2 M2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 5 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 6 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 7 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 8 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 9 translated translate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 10 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 11 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 12 spliced splice VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 13 mRNA mrna NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 15 14 14 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 17 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 18 while while IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 19 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 20 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 21 BM2 BM2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 22 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 23 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 24 translated translate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 25 using use VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 26 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 27 different different JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 28 strategy strategy NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 29 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 30 where where WRB cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 31 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 32 initiation initiation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 33 codon codon NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 34 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 35 BM2 BM2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 36 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 37 overlaps overlap VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 38 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 39 termination termination NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 40 codon codon NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 41 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 42 M1 M1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 43 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 45 UAAUG UAAUG NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 46 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 47 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 48 stop stop VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 49 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 50 start start NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 51 pentanucleotide pentanucleotide NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 53 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 54 15 15 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 55 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 29 56 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 30 1 In in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 30 2 addition addition NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 30 3 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 30 4 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 30 5 expresses express VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 30 6 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 30 7 NB NB NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 30 8 ion ion NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 30 9 channel channel NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 30 10 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 30 11 which which WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 30 12 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 30 13 absent absent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 30 14 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 30 15 type type NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 30 16 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 30 17 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 30 18 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 30 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 30 20 1 1 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 30 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 30 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 30 23 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 30 24 1B 1b CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 30 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 30 26 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 31 1 However however RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 31 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 31 3 both both DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 31 4 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 31 5 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 31 6 encode encode VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 31 7 two two CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 31 8 surface surface NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 31 9 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 31 10 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 31 11 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 31 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 31 13 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 31 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 31 15 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 31 16 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 31 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 31 18 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 31 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 31 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 31 21 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 31 22 1A 1a NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 31 23 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 31 24 B b NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 31 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 31 26 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 1 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 2 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 3 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 4 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 5 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 6 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 7 involved involve VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 8 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 9 binding bind VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 10 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 11 cellular cellular JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 12 receptors receptor NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 13 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 14 responsible responsible JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 15 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 16 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 17 fusion fusion NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 18 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 19 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 20 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 21 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 22 endosomal endosomal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 23 membranes membrane NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 25 16 16 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 32 27 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 1 Infection infection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 2 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 3 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 4 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 5 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 6 induces induce VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 7 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 8 protective protective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 9 immunity immunity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 10 mediated mediate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 11 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 12 at at IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 13 least least JJS cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 14 partially partially RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 15 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 16 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 17 antibodies antibody NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 18 directed direct VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 19 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 20 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 21 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 22 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 23 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 24 which which WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 25 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 26 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 27 main main JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 28 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 29 target target NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 30 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 31 both both DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 32 natural natural JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 33 infections infection NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 34 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 35 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 36 approaches approach NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 33 37 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 1 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 2 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 3 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 4 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 5 responsible responsible JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 6 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 7 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 8 cleavage cleavage NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 9 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 10 sialic sialic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 11 acid acid NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 12 moieties moiety NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 13 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 14 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 15 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 16 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 17 share share VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 18 many many JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 19 features feature NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 20 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 21 but but CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 22 they -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 23 differ differ VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 24 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 25 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 26 host host NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 27 range range NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 28 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 29 virion virion NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 30 structure structure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 31 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 32 genomic genomic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 33 organization organization NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 34 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 35 glycan glycan NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 36 binding bind VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 37 specificities specificity NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 39 1 1 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 40 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 41 10 10 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 34 43 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 1 Despite despite IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 2 having have VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 3 similar similar JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 4 genomes genome NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 5 encoding encode VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 6 homologous homologous JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 7 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 8 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 9 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 10 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 11 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 12 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 13 distinguished distinguish VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 14 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 15 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 16 different different JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 17 lengths length NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 18 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 19 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 20 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 21 non non JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 22 - - JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 23 coding coding JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 24 regions region NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 26 NCRs NCRs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 28 that that WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 29 serve serve VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 30 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 31 promoters promoter NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 32 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 33 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 34 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 35 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 36 gene gene NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 37 transcription transcription NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 39 5 5 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 40 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 41 11 11 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 42 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 43 12 12 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 35 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 36 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 36 2 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 36 3 1 1 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 36 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 36 5 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 1 Likewise likewise RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 4 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 5 also also RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 6 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 7 distinguished distinguish VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 8 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 9 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 10 presence presence NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 11 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 12 accessory accessory NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 13 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 14 encoded encode VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 15 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 16 overlapping overlap VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 17 open open JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 18 reading reading NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 19 frames frame NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 21 ORFs ORFs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 23 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 24 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 25 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 26 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 27 differences difference NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 28 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 29 internal internal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 30 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 32 13 13 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 35 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 36 1A 1a NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 37 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 38 B b NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 37 40 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 38 1 For for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 38 2 instance instance NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 38 3 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 38 4 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 38 5 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 38 6 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 38 7 both both DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 38 8 encode encode VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 38 9 ion ion NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 38 10 channel channel NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 38 11 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 38 12 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 38 13 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 38 14 gene gene NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 38 15 M M NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 38 16 segment segment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 38 17 7 7 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 38 18 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 38 19 M2 M2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 38 20 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 38 21 BM2 BM2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 38 22 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 38 23 respectively respectively RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 38 24 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 2 M2 M2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 3 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 4 BM2 BM2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 5 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 6 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 7 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 8 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 9 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 10 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 11 encoded encode VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 12 together together RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 13 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 14 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 15 matrix matrix NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 16 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 17 1 1 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 19 M1 M1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 21 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 22 both both DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 23 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 24 incorporated incorporate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 25 into into IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 26 virions virion NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 27 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 28 expressed express VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 29 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 30 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 31 surface surface NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 32 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 33 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 34 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 35 infected infect VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 36 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 38 1 1 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 39 40 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 1 However however RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 4 M2 M2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 5 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 6 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 7 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 8 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 9 translated translate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 10 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 11 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 12 spliced splice VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 13 mRNA mrna NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 15 14 14 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 17 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 18 while while IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 19 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 20 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 21 BM2 BM2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 22 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 23 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 24 translated translate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 25 using use VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 26 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 27 different different JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 28 strategy strategy NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 29 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 30 where where WRB cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 31 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 32 initiation initiation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 33 codon codon NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 34 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 35 BM2 BM2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 36 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 37 overlaps overlap VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 38 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 39 termination termination NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 40 codon codon NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 41 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 42 M1 M1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 43 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 45 UAAUG UAAUG NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 46 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 47 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 48 stop stop VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 49 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 50 start start NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 51 pentanucleotide pentanucleotide NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 53 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 54 15 15 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 55 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 40 56 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 41 1 In in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 41 2 addition addition NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 41 3 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 41 4 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 41 5 expresses express VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 41 6 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 41 7 NB NB NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 41 8 ion ion NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 41 9 channel channel NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 41 10 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 41 11 which which WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 41 12 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 41 13 absent absent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 41 14 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 41 15 type type NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 41 16 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 41 17 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 41 18 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 41 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 41 20 1 1 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 41 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 41 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 41 23 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 41 24 1B 1b CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 41 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 41 26 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 42 1 However however RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 42 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 42 3 both both DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 42 4 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 42 5 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 42 6 encode encode VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 42 7 two two CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 42 8 surface surface NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 42 9 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 42 10 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 42 11 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 42 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 42 13 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 42 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 42 15 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 42 16 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 42 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 42 18 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 42 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 42 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 42 21 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 42 22 1A 1a NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 42 23 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 42 24 B b NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 42 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 42 26 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 1 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 2 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 3 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 4 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 5 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 6 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 7 involved involve VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 8 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 9 binding bind VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 10 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 11 cellular cellular JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 12 receptors receptor NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 13 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 14 responsible responsible JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 15 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 16 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 17 fusion fusion NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 18 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 19 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 20 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 21 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 22 endosomal endosomal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 23 membranes membrane NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 25 16 16 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 43 27 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 1 Infection infection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 2 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 3 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 4 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 5 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 6 induces induce VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 7 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 8 protective protective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 9 immunity immunity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 10 mediated mediate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 11 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 12 at at IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 13 least least JJS cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 14 partially partially RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 15 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 16 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 17 antibodies antibody NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 18 directed direct VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 19 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 20 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 21 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 22 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 23 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 24 which which WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 25 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 26 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 27 main main JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 28 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 29 target target NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 30 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 31 both both DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 32 natural natural JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 33 infections infection NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 34 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 35 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 36 approaches approach NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 44 37 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 1 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 2 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 3 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 4 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 5 responsible responsible JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 6 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 7 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 8 cleavage cleavage NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 9 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 10 sialic sialic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 11 acid acid NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 12 moieties moiety NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 13 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 14 sialyloligosaccharides sialyloligosaccharide NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 15 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 16 facilitates facilitate VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 17 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 18 release release NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 19 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 20 newly newly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 21 produced produce VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 22 virions virion NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 23 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 24 infected infected JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 25 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 27 17 17 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 28 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 29 18 18 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 45 31 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 1 IAVs iav NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 2 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 3 classified classify VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 4 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 5 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 6 basis basis NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 7 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 8 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 9 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 10 properties property NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 11 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 12 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 13 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 14 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 15 into into IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 16 18 18 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 17 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 19 H1-H18 H1-H18 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 21 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 22 11 11 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 23 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 25 N1-N11 N1-N11 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 27 subtypes subtype NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 29 1 1 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 30 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 31 19 19 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 32 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 33 20 20 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 46 35 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 47 1 However however RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 47 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 47 3 only only RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 47 4 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 47 5 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 47 6 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 47 7 H3N2 H3N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 47 8 subtypes subtype NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 47 9 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 47 10 currently currently RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 47 11 circulating circulate VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 47 12 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 47 13 humans human NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 47 14 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 1 On on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 2 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 3 other other JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 4 hand hand NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 5 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 6 two two CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 7 major major JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 8 lineages lineage NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 9 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 10 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 11 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 12 circulating circulate VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 13 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 14 humans human NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 15 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 16 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 17 Victoria Victoria NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 18 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 19 like like NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 20 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 21 Yamagata Yamagata NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 22 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 23 like like JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 24 subtypes subtype NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 25 that that WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 26 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 27 divergent divergent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 28 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 29 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 30 ancestral ancestral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 31 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 33 B b NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 34 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 35 Lee/1940 lee/1940 NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 37 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 38 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 39 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 40 co co VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 41 - - NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 42 circulating circulate VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 43 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 44 humans human NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 45 since since IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 46 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 47 1980s 1980 NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 49 5 5 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 50 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 51 21 21 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 52 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 53 22 22 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 54 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 48 55 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 49 1 These these DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 49 2 two two CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 49 3 subtypes subtype NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 49 4 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 49 5 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 49 6 predominant predominant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 49 7 circulating circulate VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 49 8 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 49 9 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 49 10 about about IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 49 11 once once RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 49 12 every every DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 49 13 three three CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 49 14 years year NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 49 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 49 16 23 23 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 49 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 49 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 49 19 24 24 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 49 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 49 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 49 22 25 25 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 49 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 49 24 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 1 Infection infection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 2 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 3 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 4 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 5 begins begin VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 6 when when WRB cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 7 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 8 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 9 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 10 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 11 binds bind VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 12 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 13 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 14 cellular cellular JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 15 receptor receptor NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 16 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 17 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 18 sialylated sialylated JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 19 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 20 containing contain VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 21 α-2,3 α-2,3 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 22 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 23 α-2,6 α-2,6 NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 24 linkages linkage NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 26 16 16 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 50 28 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 1 Upon upon IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 2 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 3 binding binding NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 4 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 5 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 6 receptor receptor NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 7 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 8 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 9 uptake uptake NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 10 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 11 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 12 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 13 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 14 receptor receptor NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 15 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 16 mediated mediate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 17 endocytosis endocytosis NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 18 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 19 initiated initiate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 20 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 21 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 22 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 23 cell cell NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 24 membrane membrane NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 25 engulfs engulf VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 26 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 27 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 28 particles particle NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 29 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 30 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 31 endosome endosome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 51 32 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 1 After after IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 2 endocytosis endocytosis NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 3 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 4 upon upon IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 5 acidification acidification NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 6 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 7 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 8 endosome endosome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 9 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 10 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 11 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 12 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 13 undergoes undergo VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 14 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 15 conformational conformational JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 16 change change NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 17 responsible responsible JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 18 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 19 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 20 fusion fusion NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 21 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 22 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 23 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 24 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 25 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 26 endosome endosome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 27 membrane membrane NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 29 16 16 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 52 31 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 1 Then then RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 4 M2 M2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 6 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 8 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 9 BM2 BM2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 11 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 13 ion ion NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 14 channel channel NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 15 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 16 promote promote VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 17 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 18 release release NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 19 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 20 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 21 vRNP vrnp NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 22 complexes complex NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 23 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 24 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 25 virion virion NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 26 core core NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 27 into into IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 28 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 29 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 30 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 31 infected infected JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 32 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 34 14 14 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 35 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 36 26 26 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 53 38 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 54 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 54 2 vRNPs vrnp NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 54 3 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 54 4 translocated translocate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 54 5 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 54 6 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 54 7 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 54 8 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 54 9 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 54 10 nucleus nucleus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 54 11 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 54 12 infected infected JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 54 13 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 54 14 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 54 15 initiate initiate VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 54 16 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 54 17 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 54 18 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 54 19 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 54 20 gene gene NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 54 21 transcription transcription NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 54 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 54 23 27 27 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 54 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 54 25 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 2 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 3 export export NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 5 NEP NEP NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 7 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 8 matrix matrix NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 9 1 1 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 11 M1 M1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 13 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 14 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 15 responsible responsible JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 16 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 17 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 18 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 19 export export NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 20 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 21 newly newly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 22 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 23 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 24 vRNPs vrnps RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 25 into into IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 26 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 27 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 28 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 29 infected infected JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 30 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 55 31 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 56 1 Notably notably RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 56 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 56 3 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 56 4 single single JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 56 5 copy copy NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 56 6 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 56 7 each each DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 56 8 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 56 9 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 56 10 eight eight CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 56 11 vRNAs vrna NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 56 12 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 56 13 packaged package VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 56 14 into into IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 56 15 new new JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 56 16 virions virion NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 56 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 56 18 28 28 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 56 19 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 56 20 29 29 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 56 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 56 22 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 1 Selective selective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 2 package package NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 4 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 5 vRNAs vrna NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 6 into into IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 7 nascent nascent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 8 virions virion NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 9 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 10 mediated mediate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 11 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 13 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 15 interactions interaction NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 16 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 17 vRNA vrna JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 18 packaging packaging NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 19 signals signal NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 20 present present JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 21 at at IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 22 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 23 terminal terminal NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 24 ends end NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 25 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 26 each each DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 27 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 28 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 29 vRNA vrna JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 30 segments segment NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 32 30 30 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 57 34 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 1 Finally finally RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 4 receptor receptor NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 5 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 6 destroying destroy VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 7 enzymatic enzymatic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 8 activity activity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 9 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 10 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 11 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 12 responsible responsible JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 13 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 14 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 15 release release NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 16 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 17 newly newly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 18 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 19 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 20 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 21 particles particle NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 22 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 23 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 24 surface surface NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 25 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 26 infected infected JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 27 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 29 17 17 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 58 31 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 59 1 Among among IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 59 2 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 59 3 first first JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 59 4 battles battle NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 59 5 between between IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 59 6 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 59 7 host host NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 59 8 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 59 9 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 59 10 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 59 11 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 59 12 cellular cellular JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 59 13 type type NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 60 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 61 1 interferon interferon NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 61 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 61 3 IFN IFN NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 61 4 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 61 5 I I NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 61 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 61 7 plays play VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 61 8 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 61 9 important important JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 61 10 role role NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 61 11 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 61 12 controlling control VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 61 13 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 61 14 infection infection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 61 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 61 16 31 31 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 61 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 61 18 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 62 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 62 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 62 3 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 62 4 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 62 5 developed develop VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 62 6 multiple multiple JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 62 7 strategies strategy NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 62 8 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 62 9 hijack hijack VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 62 10 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 62 11 host host NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 62 12 cellular cellular JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 62 13 immune immune JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 62 14 response response NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 62 15 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 1 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 2 vRNA vrna IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 3 segment segment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 4 8 8 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 5 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 6 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 7 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 8 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 10 NS NS NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 12 gene gene NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 13 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 14 encodes encode VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 15 two two CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 16 distinct distinct JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 17 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 18 through through IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 19 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 20 direct direct JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 21 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 22 alternative alternative JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 23 splicing splicing NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 24 mechanism mechanism NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 26 1 1 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 63 28 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 1 Influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 2 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 3 segment segment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 4 8 8 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 5 produces produce VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 6 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 7 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 8 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 9 1 1 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 11 NS1 ns1 UH cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 13 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 14 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 15 primary primary JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 16 transcript transcript NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 17 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 18 whereas whereas IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 19 NEP NEP NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 20 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 21 produced produce VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 22 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 23 alternative alternative JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 24 splicing splicing NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 25 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 26 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 64 27 NS NS NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 65 1 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 65 2 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 65 3 32 32 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 65 4 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 65 5 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 1 NS1 NS1 NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 2 has have VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 3 multiple multiple JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 4 functions function NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 5 during during IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 6 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 7 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 8 cycle cycle NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 9 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 10 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 11 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 12 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 13 but but CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 14 most most JJS cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 15 notably notably RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 16 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 17 induction induction NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 18 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 19 IFN IFN NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 20 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 21 I -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 22 response response NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 23 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 24 innate innate JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 25 immune immune JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 26 activation activation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 28 31 31 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 66 30 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 67 1 Influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 67 2 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 67 3 pose pose VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 67 4 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 67 5 threat threat NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 67 6 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 67 7 human human JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 67 8 health health NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 67 9 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 67 10 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 67 11 responsible responsible JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 67 12 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 67 13 global global JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 67 14 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 67 15 every every DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 67 16 year year NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 67 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 67 18 33 33 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 67 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 68 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 68 2 34 34 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 68 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 68 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 68 5 35 35 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 68 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 68 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 68 8 36 36 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 68 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 68 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 68 11 37 37 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 68 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 68 13 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 1 In in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 2 fact fact NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 3 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 4 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 5 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 6 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 7 one one CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 8 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 9 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 10 most most RBS cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 11 significant significant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 12 causes cause NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 13 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 14 morbidity morbidity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 15 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 16 mortality mortality NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 17 yearly yearly JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 18 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 19 leading lead VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 20 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 21 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 22 significant significant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 23 economic economic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 24 impact impact NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 26 38 38 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 69 28 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 1 Despite despite IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 2 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 3 implementation implementation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 4 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 5 effective effective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 6 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 7 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 8 vaccination vaccination NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 9 programs program NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 10 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 11 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 12 World World NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 13 Health Health NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 14 Organization Organization NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 16 WHO who WP cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 18 estimates estimate VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 19 that that IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 20 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 21 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 22 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 23 infections infection NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 24 results result VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 25 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 26 about about RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 27 one one CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 28 billion billion CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 29 infections infection NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 30 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 31 3 3 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 32 - - SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 33 5 5 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 34 million million CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 35 cases case NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 36 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 37 severe severe JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 38 disease disease NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 39 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 40 between between IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 41 300,000 300,000 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 42 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 43 500,000 500,000 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 44 deaths death NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 45 around around IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 46 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 47 world world NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 48 annually annually RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 49 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 50 39 39 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 70 52 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 3 just just RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 4 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 5 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 6 United United NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 7 States States NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 9 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 11 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 12 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 13 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 14 infections infection NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 15 result result VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 16 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 17 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 18 average average NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 19 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 20 87 87 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 21 billion billion CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 22 dollars dollar NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 23 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 24 cost cost NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 25 due due IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 26 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 27 prophylactic prophylactic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 28 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 29 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 30 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 31 hospitalization hospitalization NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 32 costs cost NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 33 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 34 as as RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 35 well well RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 36 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 37 missed miss VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 38 school school NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 39 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 40 work work NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 41 days day NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 42 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 43 38 38 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 44 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 46 40 40 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 49 41 41 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 51 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 52 42 42 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 53 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 71 54 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 72 1 In in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 72 2 addition addition NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 72 3 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 72 4 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 72 5 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 72 6 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 72 7 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 72 8 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 72 9 cause cause VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 72 10 sporadic sporadic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 72 11 pandemics pandemic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 72 12 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 72 13 great great JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 72 14 consequences consequence NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 72 15 when when WRB cord-002407-25cawzi0 72 16 novel novel NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 72 17 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 72 18 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 72 19 introduced introduce VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 72 20 into into IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 72 21 humans human NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 72 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 72 23 43 43 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 72 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 72 25 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 2 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 3 responsible responsible JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 4 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 5 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 6 emergence emergence NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 7 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 8 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 9 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 10 pandemic pandemic NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 11 IAVs iav NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 12 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 13 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 14 drift drift NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 15 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 16 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 17 shift shift NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 18 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 19 respectively respectively RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 21 12 12 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 22 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 24 44 44 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 27 45 45 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 30 46 46 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 73 32 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 1 In in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 2 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 3 case case NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 4 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 5 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 6 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 7 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 8 mutations mutation NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 9 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 10 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 11 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 12 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 13 result result NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 14 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 15 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 16 selection selection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 17 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 18 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 19 variants variant NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 20 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 21 changes change NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 22 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 23 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 24 tropism tropism NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 25 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 26 increased increase VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 27 levels level NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 28 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 29 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 30 fitness fitness NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 31 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 32 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 33 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 34 ability ability NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 35 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 36 escape escape VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 37 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 38 antibody antibody NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 40 NAb NAb NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 42 responses response NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 43 induced induce VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 44 upon upon IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 45 previous previous JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 46 natural natural JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 47 infections infection NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 48 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 49 vaccinations vaccination NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 50 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 51 44 44 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 52 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 53 45 45 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 54 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 74 55 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 75 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 75 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 75 3 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 75 4 drift drift NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 75 5 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 75 6 lead lead VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 75 7 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 75 8 variant variant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 75 9 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 75 10 resistant resistant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 75 11 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 75 12 antivirals antiviral NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 75 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 75 14 47 47 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 75 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 75 16 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 1 On on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 2 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 3 contrary contrary NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 4 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 5 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 6 shift shift NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 7 results result NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 8 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 9 co co NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 10 - - NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 11 infection infection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 12 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 13 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 14 host host NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 15 cell cell NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 16 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 17 organism organism NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 18 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 19 two two CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 20 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 21 more more JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 22 IAVs iav NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 23 where where WRB cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 24 vRNAs vrna NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 25 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 26 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 27 progenies progeny NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 28 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 29 reassorted reassorte VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 31 12 12 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 32 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 33 46 46 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 76 35 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 1 By by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 2 obtaining obtain VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 3 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 4 segment segment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 5 constellations constellation NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 6 that that WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 7 confer confer VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 8 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 9 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 10 optimal optimal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 11 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 12 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 13 transmissibility transmissibility NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 14 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 15 immunologic immunologic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 16 escape escape NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 17 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 18 reassortant reassortant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 19 IAVs iav NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 20 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 21 lead lead VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 22 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 23 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 24 pandemic pandemic NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 25 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 26 immunologically immunologically RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 27 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 28 naive naive JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 29 populations population NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 77 30 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 1 IAVs IAVs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 2 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 3 IBVs ibv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 4 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 5 reassort reassort VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 6 intratypically intratypically RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 7 between between IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 8 subtypes subtype NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 9 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 10 lineages lineage NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 11 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 12 but but CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 13 intertypic intertypic NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 14 reassortment reassortment NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 15 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 16 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 17 genetic genetic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 18 swapping swapping NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 19 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 20 segments segment NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 21 between between IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 22 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 23 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 24 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 25 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 26 has have VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 27 not not RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 28 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 29 reported report VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 31 21 21 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 32 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 33 48 48 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 34 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 35 49 49 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 78 37 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 79 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 79 2 absence absence NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 79 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 79 4 intertypic intertypic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 79 5 reassortment reassortment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 79 6 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 79 7 mediated mediate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 79 8 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 79 9 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 79 10 lack lack NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 79 11 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 79 12 compatible compatible JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 79 13 packaging packaging NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 79 14 signals signal NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 79 15 between between IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 79 16 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 79 17 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 79 18 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 79 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 79 20 12 12 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 79 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 79 22 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 1 In in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 2 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 3 last last JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 4 century century NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 5 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 6 three three CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 7 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 8 pandemics pandemic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 9 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 10 occurred occur VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 11 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 12 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 13 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 14 Spanish spanish JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 15 flu flu NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 16 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 17 1918 1918 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 18 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 19 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 20 H2N2 H2N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 21 Asian asian JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 22 flu flu NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 23 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 24 1957 1957 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 25 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 26 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 27 H3N2 H3N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 28 Hong Hong NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 29 Kong Kong NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 30 flu flu NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 31 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 32 1968 1968 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 34 44 44 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 35 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 36 50 50 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 80 38 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 81 1 Of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 81 2 these these DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 81 3 three three CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 81 4 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 81 5 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 81 6 1918 1918 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 81 7 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 81 8 Spanish spanish JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 81 9 flu flu NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 81 10 was be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 81 11 particularly particularly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 81 12 fatal fatal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 81 13 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 81 14 responsible responsible JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 81 15 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 81 16 approximately approximately RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 81 17 50 50 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 81 18 million million CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 81 19 deaths death NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 81 20 around around IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 81 21 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 81 22 world world NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 81 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 81 24 51 51 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 81 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 81 26 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 82 1 Although although IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 82 2 not not RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 82 3 classified classify VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 82 4 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 82 5 true true JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 82 6 pandemics pandemic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 82 7 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 82 8 three three CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 82 9 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 82 10 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 82 11 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 82 12 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 82 13 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 82 14 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 82 15 1947 1947 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 82 16 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 82 17 1976 1976 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 82 18 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 82 19 1977 1977 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 82 20 were be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 82 21 feared fear VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 82 22 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 82 23 have have VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 82 24 pandemic pandemic NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 82 25 potential potential NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 82 26 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 1 In in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 2 2009 2009 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 3 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 4 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 5 swine swine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 6 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 7 origin origin NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 8 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 9 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 10 was be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 11 responsible responsible JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 12 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 13 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 14 first first JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 15 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 16 pandemic pandemic NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 17 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 18 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 19 21st 21st JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 20 century century NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 21 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 22 infected infect VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 23 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 24 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 25 less less JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 26 than than IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 27 one one CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 28 year year NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 29 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 30 more more JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 31 than than IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 32 600,000 600,000 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 33 individuals individual NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 34 around around IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 35 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 36 world world NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 38 52 52 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 39 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 40 53 53 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 83 42 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 1 Although although IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 2 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 3 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 4 infections infection NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 5 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 6 primarily primarily RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 7 spread spread VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 8 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 9 person person NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 10 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 11 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 12 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 13 person person NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 14 transmission transmission NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 15 via via IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 16 aerosolized aerosolize VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 17 droplets droplet NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 18 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 19 infection infection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 20 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 21 new new JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 22 avian avian JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 23 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 24 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 25 swine swine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 26 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 27 origin origin NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 28 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 29 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 30 take take VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 31 place place NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 32 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 33 may may MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 34 have have VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 35 great great JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 36 risk risk NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 37 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 38 pandemic pandemic NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 39 potential potential NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 40 if if IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 41 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 42 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 43 acquires acquire VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 44 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 45 ability ability NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 46 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 47 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 48 transmitted transmit VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 49 between between IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 50 humans human NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 51 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 52 54 54 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 53 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 54 55 55 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 55 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 84 56 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 1 IBVs IBVs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 2 usually usually RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 3 contribute contribute VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 4 less less JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 5 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 6 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 7 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 8 than than IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 9 IAVs iav NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 10 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 11 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 12 H3N2 H3N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 13 subtype subtype NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 14 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 15 but but CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 17 contribute contribute VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 18 more more JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 19 than than IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 20 type type NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 21 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 22 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 23 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 24 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 25 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 26 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 27 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 28 predominant predominant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 29 circulating circulate VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 30 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 31 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 32 once once RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 33 every every DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 34 three three CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 35 years year NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 37 23 23 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 40 24 24 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 42 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 43 25 25 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 85 45 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 3 during during IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 4 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 5 last last JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 6 decade decade NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 7 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 8 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 9 has have VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 10 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 11 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 12 cause cause NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 13 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 14 several several JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 15 acute acute JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 16 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 17 illness illness NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 18 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 20 56 56 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 23 57 57 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 26 58 58 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 29 59 59 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 32 60 60 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 86 34 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 87 1 To to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 87 2 date date NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 87 3 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 87 4 no no DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 87 5 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 87 6 pandemics pandemic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 87 7 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 87 8 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 87 9 linked link VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 87 10 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 87 11 IBVs ibv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 87 12 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 1 Public public JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 2 health health NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 3 concerns concern NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 4 posed pose VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 5 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 6 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 7 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 8 infections infection NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 9 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 10 aggravated aggravate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 11 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 12 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 13 ability ability NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 14 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 15 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 16 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 17 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 18 efficiently efficiently RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 19 transmit transmit VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 20 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 21 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 22 limited limited JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 23 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 24 options option NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 25 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 26 treat treat VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 27 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 28 infections infection NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 30 37 37 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 88 32 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 89 1 Thus thus RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 89 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 89 3 vaccination vaccination NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 89 4 remains remain VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 89 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 89 6 best good JJS cord-002407-25cawzi0 89 7 medical medical JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 89 8 intervention intervention NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 89 9 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 89 10 protect protect VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 89 11 humans human NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 89 12 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 89 13 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 89 14 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 89 15 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 89 16 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 90 1 However however RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 90 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 90 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 90 4 efficiency efficiency NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 90 5 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 90 6 current current JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 90 7 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 90 8 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 90 9 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 90 10 suboptimal suboptimal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 90 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 90 12 61 61 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 90 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 90 14 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 2 segmented segmented JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 3 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 4 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 5 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 6 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 7 provides provide VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 8 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 9 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 10 advantage advantage NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 11 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 12 reassortment reassortment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 13 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 14 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 15 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 16 exchange exchange NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 17 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 18 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 19 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 20 segments segment NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 21 between between IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 22 different different JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 23 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 24 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 25 within within IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 26 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 27 same same JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 28 type type NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 91 29 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 1 In in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 2 addition addition NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 3 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 4 this this DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 5 exchange exchange NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 6 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 7 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 8 material material NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 10 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 11 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 12 shift shift NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 14 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 15 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 16 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 17 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 18 introduce introduce VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 19 mutations mutation NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 20 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 22 genomes genome NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 24 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 25 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 26 drift drift NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 28 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 29 leading lead VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 30 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 31 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 32 mutants mutant NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 33 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 34 resistance resistance NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 35 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 36 current current JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 37 antivirals antiviral NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 38 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 39 NAbs NAbs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 41 62 62 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 44 63 63 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 47 64 64 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 92 49 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 1 Because because IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 2 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 4 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 5 drift drift NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 6 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 7 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 8 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 9 need need VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 10 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 11 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 12 reformulated reformulate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 13 yearly yearly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 14 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 15 ensure ensure VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 16 that that IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 17 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 18 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 19 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 20 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 21 present present JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 22 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 23 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 24 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 25 match match VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 26 those those DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 27 present present JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 28 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 29 circulating circulate VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 30 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 31 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 93 32 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 1 To to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 2 date date NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 3 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 4 three three CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 5 types type NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 6 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 7 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 8 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 9 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 10 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 11 approved approve VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 12 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 13 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 14 Food Food NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 15 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 16 Drug Drug NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 17 Administration Administration NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 19 FDA FDA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 21 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 22 human human JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 23 use use NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 24 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 25 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 26 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 27 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 28 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 29 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 30 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 31 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 32 live live RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 33 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 34 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 35 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 37 65 65 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 94 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 95 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 95 2 66 66 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 95 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 96 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 96 2 67 67 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 96 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 97 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 97 2 68 68 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 97 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 97 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 97 5 69 69 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 97 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 97 7 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 1 Regardless regardless RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 2 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 4 type type NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 5 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 6 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 7 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 8 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 9 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 10 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 11 contain contain VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 12 antigens antigen NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 13 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 14 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 15 three three CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 16 circulating circulate VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 17 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 18 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 19 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 20 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 21 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 22 subtypes subtype NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 23 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 24 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 25 H3N2 H3N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 26 ; ; : cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 27 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 28 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 30 Victoria Victoria NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 31 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 32 like like JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 33 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 34 Yamagata Yamagata NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 35 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 36 like like JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 37 lineage lineage NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 40 67 67 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 41 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 42 70 70 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 98 44 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 1 Recently recently RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 3 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 4 improve improve VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 5 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 6 efficacy efficacy NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 7 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 8 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 9 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 10 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 11 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 12 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 13 quadrivalent quadrivalent NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 14 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 15 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 16 formulation formulation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 17 that that WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 18 includes include VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 19 both both CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 20 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 21 lineages lineage NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 22 components component NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 24 Victoria Victoria NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 25 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 26 like like NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 27 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 28 Yamagata Yamagata NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 29 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 30 like like JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 31 lineage lineage NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 33 has have VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 34 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 35 approved approve VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 36 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 37 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 38 FDA FDA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 40 14 14 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 99 42 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 100 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 100 2 most most RBS cord-002407-25cawzi0 100 3 common common JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 100 4 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 100 5 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 100 6 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 100 7 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 100 8 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 100 9 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 100 10 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 100 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 100 12 IIV IIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 100 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 100 14 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 1 IIV IIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 3 which which WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 4 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 5 administered administer VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 6 intramuscularly intramuscularly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 7 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 8 has have VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 9 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 10 shown show VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 11 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 12 elicit elicit VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 13 protective protective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 14 humoral humoral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 15 immunity immunity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 16 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 17 producing produce VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 18 NAbs NAbs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 19 that that WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 20 target target VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 21 epitopes epitope NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 22 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 23 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 25 61 61 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 26 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 27 71 71 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 101 29 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 1 In in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 2 contrast contrast NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 3 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 4 IIV IIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 5 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 6 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 7 live live RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 8 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 9 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 10 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 11 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 13 LAIV LAIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 15 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 16 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 17 administration administration NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 18 mimic mimic VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 19 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 20 natural natural JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 21 route route NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 22 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 23 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 24 infection infection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 25 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 26 which which WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 27 consequently consequently RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 28 having have VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 29 risks risk NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 30 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 31 benefits benefit NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 33 72 72 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 102 35 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 1 An an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 2 advantage advantage NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 3 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 4 that that IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 5 LAIV LAIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 6 elicits elicit VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 7 both both DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 8 more more RBR cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 9 rapid rapid JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 10 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 11 efficient efficient JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 12 innate innate JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 13 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 14 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 15 immune immune JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 16 responses response NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 18 65 65 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 20 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 21 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 22 provide provide VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 23 more more RBR cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 24 efficient efficient JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 25 cross cross JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 26 - - JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 27 reactive reactive JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 28 T t NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 29 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 30 cell cell NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 31 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 32 mediated mediate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 33 protection protection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 34 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 35 heterologous heterologous NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 36 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 37 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 39 72 72 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 40 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 41 73 73 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 103 43 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 1 Although although IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 2 both both DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 3 IIV IIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 4 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 5 LAIV LAIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 6 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 7 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 8 shown show VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 9 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 10 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 11 efficient efficient JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 12 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 13 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 14 treatment treatment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 15 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 16 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 17 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 18 infections infection NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 19 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 20 there there EX cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 21 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 22 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 23 unmet unmet JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 24 need need NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 25 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 26 increase increase VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 27 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 28 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 29 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 30 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 31 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 32 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 104 33 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 105 1 Likewise likewise RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 105 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 105 3 there there EX cord-002407-25cawzi0 105 4 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 105 5 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 105 6 urgent urgent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 105 7 need need NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 105 8 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 105 9 develop develop VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 105 10 effective effective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 105 11 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 105 12 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 105 13 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 105 14 treatment treatment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 105 15 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 105 16 potential potential JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 105 17 pandemic pandemic NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 105 18 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 105 19 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 105 20 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 1 Although although IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 2 vaccination vaccination NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 3 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 4 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 5 main main JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 6 method method NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 7 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 8 prevent prevent VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 9 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 10 infections infection NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 11 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 12 humans human NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 13 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 14 antivirals antiviral NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 15 offer offer VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 16 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 17 additional additional JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 18 countermeasure countermeasure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 19 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 20 new new JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 21 rapidly rapidly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 22 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 23 spreading spread VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 24 and/or and/or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 25 potentially potentially RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 26 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 27 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 28 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 30 74 74 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 33 75 75 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 36 76 76 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 106 38 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 1 Therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 2 choices choice NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 3 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 4 control control VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 5 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 6 infection infection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 7 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 8 currently currently RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 9 limited limit VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 10 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 11 two two CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 12 classes class NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 13 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 14 FDA FDA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 15 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 16 approved approve VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 17 antivirals antiviral NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 18 targeting target VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 19 either either CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 20 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 21 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 22 M2 M2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 23 ion ion NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 24 channel channel NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 26 amantadine amantadine NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 27 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 28 rimantadine rimantadine NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 31 77 77 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 34 78 78 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 37 79 79 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 39 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 40 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 41 sialidase sialidase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 42 active active JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 43 site site NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 44 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 45 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 47 oseltamivir oseltamivir NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 48 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 49 zanamivir zanamivir NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 51 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 52 80 80 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 53 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 107 54 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 108 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 108 2 first first JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 108 3 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 108 4 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 108 5 initial initial JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 108 6 steps step NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 108 7 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 108 8 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 108 9 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 108 10 life life NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 108 11 cycle cycle NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 108 12 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 108 13 while while IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 108 14 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 108 15 second second JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 108 16 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 108 17 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 108 18 release release NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 108 19 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 1 However however RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 3 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 4 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 5 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 6 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 7 only only JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 8 type type NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 9 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 10 antivirals antiviral NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 11 approved approve VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 12 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 13 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 14 prophylaxis prophylaxis NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 15 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 16 treatment treatment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 17 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 18 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 19 infections infection NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 21 81 81 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 23 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 24 although although IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 25 data datum NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 26 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 27 clinical clinical JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 28 trials trial NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 29 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 30 shown show VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 31 that that IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 32 oseltamivir oseltamivir NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 33 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 34 less less RBR cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 35 effective effective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 36 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 37 IBVs ibv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 38 than than IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 39 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 40 IAVs iav NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 42 82 82 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 109 44 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 3 mutations mutation NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 4 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 5 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 6 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 7 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 8 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 9 lead lead VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 10 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 11 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 12 antivirals antiviral NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 13 being be VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 14 ineffective ineffective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 15 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 16 like like UH cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 17 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 18 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 19 case case NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 20 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 21 M2 M2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 22 blockers blocker NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 23 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 24 which which WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 25 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 26 no no RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 27 longer long RBR cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 28 recommended recommend VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 29 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 30 circulating circulate VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 31 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 32 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 33 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 34 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 36 83 83 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 110 38 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 4 emergence emergence NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 5 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 6 drug drug NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 7 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 8 resistant resistant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 9 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 10 variants variant NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 11 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 12 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 13 increasing increase VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 14 concern concern NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 15 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 16 controlling control VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 17 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 18 infections infection NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 20 76 76 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 21 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 22 84 84 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 24 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 25 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 26 there there EX cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 27 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 28 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 29 significant significant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 30 need need NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 31 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 32 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 33 identification identification NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 34 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 35 novel novel JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 36 compounds compound NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 37 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 38 antivirals antiviral NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 39 properties property NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 111 40 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 1 Influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 2 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 3 evade evade VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 4 human human JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 5 pre pre JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 6 - - JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 7 existing existing JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 8 immunity immunity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 9 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 10 accumulating accumulate VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 11 mutations mutation NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 13 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 14 drift drift NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 16 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 17 allowing allow VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 18 reinfection reinfection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 19 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 20 individuals individual NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 21 previously previously RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 22 exposed expose VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 23 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 24 natural natural JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 25 infections infection NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 26 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 27 vaccinated vaccinate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 112 28 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 1 Thus thus RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 3 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 4 companies company NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 5 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 6 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 7 reformulate reformulate VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 8 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 9 composition composition NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 10 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 11 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 12 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 13 yearly yearly JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 14 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 15 ensure ensure VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 16 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 17 good good JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 18 match match NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 19 between between IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 20 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 21 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 22 present present JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 23 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 24 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 25 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 26 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 27 those those DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 28 seasonally seasonally RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 29 circulating circulate VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 30 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 31 humans human NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 33 33 33 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 34 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 35 34 34 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 36 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 37 85 85 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 113 39 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 2 WHO WHO NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 3 Global Global NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 4 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 5 Surveillance Surveillance NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 6 Network Network NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 8 GISN GISN NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 11 35 35 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 13 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 14 which which WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 15 includes include VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 16 more more JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 17 than than IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 18 120 120 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 19 National National NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 20 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 21 Centers Centers NNPS cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 22 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 23 over over IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 24 90 90 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 25 countries country NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 27 86 86 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 29 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 30 tracks track VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 31 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 32 evolution evolution NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 33 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 34 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 35 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 36 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 37 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 38 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 39 uses use VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 40 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 41 collected collect VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 42 data datum NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 43 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 44 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 45 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 46 strain strain NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 47 selection selection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 48 process process NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 114 49 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 115 1 These these DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 115 2 studies study NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 115 3 also also RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 115 4 help help VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 115 5 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 115 6 understand understand VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 115 7 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 115 8 evolution evolution NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 115 9 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 115 10 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 115 11 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 115 12 different different JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 115 13 geographic geographic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 115 14 areas area NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 115 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 115 16 19 19 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 115 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 115 18 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 116 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 116 2 4 4 LS cord-002407-25cawzi0 116 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 117 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 117 2 National National NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 117 3 Institute Institute NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 117 4 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 117 5 Infectious Infectious NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 117 6 Disease Disease NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 117 7 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 117 8 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 117 9 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 117 10 Japan Japan NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 117 11 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 1 Basically basically RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 4 degree degree NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 5 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 6 immunity immunity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 7 induced induce VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 8 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 9 one one CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 10 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 11 strain strain NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 12 that that WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 13 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 14 effective effective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 15 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 16 another another DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 17 strain strain NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 18 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 19 mainly mainly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 20 dependent dependent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 21 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 22 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 23 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 24 difference difference NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 25 between between IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 26 both both DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 27 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 28 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 30 87 87 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 31 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 32 88 88 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 118 34 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 2 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 3 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 4 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 5 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 6 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 7 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 8 primary primary JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 9 target target NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 10 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 11 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 12 protective protective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 13 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 14 immune immune JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 15 responses response NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 17 88 88 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 18 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 19 89 89 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 21 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 22 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 23 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 24 focus focus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 25 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 26 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 27 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 28 surveillance surveillance NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 29 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 30 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 31 primary primary JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 32 component component NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 33 targeted target VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 34 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 35 currently currently RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 36 licensed license VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 37 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 38 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 40 72 72 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 41 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 42 89 89 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 119 44 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 1 Influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 2 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 3 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 4 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 5 challenging challenging JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 6 because because IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 7 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 8 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 9 wait wait NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 10 time time NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 11 that that WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 12 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 13 needed need VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 14 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 15 identify identify VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 16 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 17 predominant predominant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 18 circulating circulate VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 19 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 20 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 21 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 22 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 23 time time NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 24 that that WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 25 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 26 needed need VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 27 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 28 manufacture manufacture VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 29 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 30 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 120 31 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 2 National National NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 3 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 4 Centers Centers NNPS cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 5 perform perform VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 6 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 7 isolation isolation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 8 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 9 certain certain JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 10 samples sample NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 11 obtained obtain VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 12 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 13 patients patient NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 14 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 15 identify identify VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 16 circulating circulate VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 17 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 18 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 19 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 20 determine determine VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 21 if if IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 22 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 23 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 24 grow grow VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 25 efficiently efficiently RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 26 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 27 culture culture NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 121 28 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 1 Normally normally RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 3 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 4 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 5 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 6 isolated isolate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 7 using use VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 8 Madin Madin NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 9 Darby Darby NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 10 canine canine JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 11 kidney kidney NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 13 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 15 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 16 instead instead RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 17 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 18 chicken chicken NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 19 embryonated embryonate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 20 eggs egg NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 21 because because IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 22 higher high JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 23 isolation isolation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 24 rates rate NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 25 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 26 especially especially RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 27 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 28 H3N2 H3N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 29 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 30 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 31 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 32 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 33 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 34 reported report VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 35 using use VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 36 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 37 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 39 90 90 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 122 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 123 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 123 2 91 91 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 123 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 123 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 123 5 92 92 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 123 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 123 7 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 1 Although although IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 2 most most JJS cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 3 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 4 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 5 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 6 isolated isolate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 7 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 8 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 9 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 10 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 11 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 12 must must MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 13 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 14 generated generate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 15 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 16 embryonated embryonate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 17 eggs egg NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 18 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 19 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 20 manufacturing manufacturing NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 21 due due IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 22 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 23 regulations regulation NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 25 93 93 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 124 27 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 125 1 Nowadays nowadays RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 125 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 125 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 125 4 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 125 5 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 125 6 must must MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 125 7 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 125 8 selected select VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 125 9 almost almost RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 125 10 7 7 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 125 11 - - SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 125 12 9 9 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 125 13 months month NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 125 14 ahead ahead RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 125 15 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 125 16 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 125 17 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 125 18 season season NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 125 19 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 125 20 which which WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 125 21 they -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 125 22 will will MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 125 23 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 125 24 used use VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 125 25 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 2 recommendation recommendation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 3 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 4 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 5 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 6 included include VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 7 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 8 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 9 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 10 composition composition NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 11 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 12 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 13 Northern Northern NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 14 Hemisphere Hemisphere NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 15 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 16 made make VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 17 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 18 February February NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 19 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 20 allow allow VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 21 time time NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 22 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 23 the~300 the~300 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 24 million million CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 25 doses dose NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 26 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 27 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 28 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 29 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 30 produced produce VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 31 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 32 time time NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 33 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 34 vaccinating vaccinate VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 35 people people NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 36 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 37 October October NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 38 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 39 November November NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 126 40 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 127 1 This this DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 127 2 allows allow VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 127 3 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 127 4 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 127 5 season season NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 127 6 preparation preparation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 127 7 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 127 8 which which WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 127 9 typically typically RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 127 10 peaks peak VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 127 11 sometime sometime RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 127 12 between between IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 127 13 December December NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 127 14 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 127 15 March March NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 127 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 127 17 86 86 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 127 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 127 19 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 1 On on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 2 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 3 other other JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 4 hand hand NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 5 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 6 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 7 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 8 Southern Southern NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 9 Hemisphere Hemisphere NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 10 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 11 recommendations recommendation NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 12 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 13 provided provide VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 14 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 15 September September NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 16 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 17 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 18 vaccination vaccination NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 19 takes take VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 20 place place NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 21 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 22 March March NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 23 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 24 April April NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 25 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 26 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 27 following following JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 28 year year NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 30 86 86 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 128 32 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 129 1 Seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 129 2 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 129 3 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 129 4 must must MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 129 5 protect protect VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 129 6 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 129 7 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 129 8 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 129 9 H3N2 H3N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 129 10 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 129 11 B B NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 129 12 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 129 13 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 129 14 currently currently RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 129 15 circulating circulate VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 129 16 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 129 17 humans human NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 129 18 globally globally RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 129 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 129 20 34 34 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 129 21 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 129 22 86 86 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 129 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 129 24 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 2 main main JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 3 goals goal NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 4 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 5 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 6 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 7 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 8 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 9 protection protection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 10 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 11 infection infection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 12 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 13 disease disease NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 14 caused cause VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 15 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 16 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 17 infections infection NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 18 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 19 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 20 restrict restrict VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 21 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 22 transmission transmission NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 23 within within IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 24 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 25 population population NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 27 67 67 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 28 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 29 94 94 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 130 31 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 1 NAb nab JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 2 responses response NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 3 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 4 commonly commonly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 5 assessed assess VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 6 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 7 measuring measure VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 8 hemagglutination hemagglutination NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 9 inhibition inhibition NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 11 HAI HAI NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 13 titers titer NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 14 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 15 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 16 currently currently RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 17 used use VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 18 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 19 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 20 serological serological JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 21 marker marker NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 22 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 23 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 24 efficient efficient JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 25 immunological immunological JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 26 response response NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 27 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 28 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 29 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 131 30 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 132 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 132 2 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 132 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 132 4 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 132 5 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 132 6 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 132 7 variable variable JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 132 8 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 132 9 usually usually RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 132 10 higher high JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 132 11 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 132 12 children child NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 132 13 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 132 14 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 132 15 healthy healthy JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 132 16 adults adult NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 132 17 under under IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 132 18 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 132 19 age age NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 132 20 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 132 21 65 65 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 132 22 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 133 1 In in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 133 2 individuals individual NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 133 3 above above IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 133 4 65 65 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 133 5 years year NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 133 6 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 133 7 age age NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 133 8 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 133 9 lower low JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 133 10 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 133 11 has have VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 133 12 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 133 13 observed observe VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 133 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 133 15 61 61 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 133 16 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 133 17 71 71 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 133 18 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 133 19 95 95 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 133 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 133 21 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 1 Recommendations recommendation NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 2 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 3 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 4 vaccination vaccination NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 5 differ differ VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 6 between between IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 7 countries country NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 8 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 9 but but CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 10 since since IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 11 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 12 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 13 do do VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 14 not not RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 15 induce induce VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 16 long long RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 17 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 18 lasting last VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 19 antibody antibody NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 20 protection protection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 21 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 22 annual annual JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 23 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 24 vaccinations vaccination NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 25 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 26 recommended recommend VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 134 27 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 135 1 Nowadays nowadays RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 135 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 135 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 135 4 most most RBS cord-002407-25cawzi0 135 5 used use VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 135 6 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 135 7 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 135 8 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 135 9 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 135 10 divided divide VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 135 11 into into IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 135 12 IIV IIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 135 13 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 135 14 LAIV LAIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 135 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 135 16 65 65 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 135 17 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 135 18 66 66 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 135 19 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 135 20 72 72 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 135 21 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 135 22 73 73 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 135 23 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 135 24 96 96 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 135 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 135 26 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 1 Killed kill VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 2 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 3 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 4 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 5 IIV IIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 6 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 7 generally generally RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 8 administered administer VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 9 intramuscularly intramuscularly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 10 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 11 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 12 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 13 classified classify VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 14 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 15 whole whole JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 16 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 17 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 18 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 19 split split VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 20 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 22 66 66 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 23 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 24 71 71 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 25 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 26 97 97 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 27 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 28 98 98 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 136 30 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 137 1 Whole whole JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 137 2 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 137 3 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 137 4 were be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 137 5 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 137 6 first first JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 137 7 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 137 8 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 137 9 developed develop VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 137 10 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 138 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 138 2 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 138 3 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 138 4 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 138 5 grown grow VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 138 6 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 138 7 embryonated embryonate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 138 8 chicken chicken NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 138 9 eggs egg NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 138 10 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 138 11 subsequently subsequently RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 138 12 purified purify VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 138 13 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 138 14 concentrated concentrated JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 138 15 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 138 16 chemically chemically RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 138 17 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 138 18 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 138 19 formaldehyde formaldehyde NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 138 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 138 21 98 98 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 138 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 139 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 139 2 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 139 3 2 2 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 139 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 139 5 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 140 1 Whole whole JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 140 2 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 140 3 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 140 4 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 140 5 safe safe JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 140 6 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 140 7 well well RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 140 8 tolerated tolerate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 140 9 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 140 10 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 140 11 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 140 12 efficacy efficacy NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 140 13 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 140 14 60%-90 60%-90 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 140 15 % % NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 140 16 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 140 17 children child NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 140 18 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 140 19 adults adult NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 140 20 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 1 On on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 2 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 3 other other JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 4 hand hand NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 5 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 6 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 7 split split NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 8 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 9 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 10 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 11 exposes expose VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 12 all all DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 13 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 14 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 15 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 16 subviral subviral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 17 elements element NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 18 upon upon IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 19 dissociation dissociation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 20 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 21 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 22 virions virion NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 23 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 24 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 25 nonionic nonionic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 26 detergent detergent NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 27 treatment treatment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 28 step step NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 30 97 97 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 31 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 32 99 99 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 141 34 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 142 1 Most Most JJS cord-002407-25cawzi0 142 2 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 142 3 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 142 4 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 142 5 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 142 6 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 142 7 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 142 8 Europe Europe NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 142 9 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 142 10 egg egg NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 142 11 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 142 12 produced produce VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 142 13 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 142 14 formaldehyde formaldehyde NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 142 15 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 142 16 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 142 17 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 142 18 then then RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 142 19 chemically chemically RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 142 20 disrupted disrupt VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 142 21 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 142 22 nonionic nonionic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 142 23 detergents detergent NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 142 24 after after IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 142 25 purification purification NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 142 26 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 1 Unlike unlike IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 2 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 3 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 4 based base VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 5 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 6 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 7 subunit subunit NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 8 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 9 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 10 consist consist VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 11 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 12 purified purify VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 13 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 14 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 15 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 16 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 17 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 18 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 19 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 20 without without IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 21 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 22 other other JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 23 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 24 components component NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 26 68 68 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 143 28 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 1 These these DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 2 subunit subunit NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 3 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 4 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 5 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 6 produced produce VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 7 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 8 eggs egg NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 9 if if IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 10 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 11 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 12 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 13 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 14 prepared prepare VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 15 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 16 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 17 where where WRB cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 18 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 19 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 20 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 21 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 22 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 23 purified purify VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 24 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 25 removal removal NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 26 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 27 other other JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 28 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 29 component component NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 144 30 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 1 In in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 2 addition addition NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 3 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 4 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 5 subunit subunit NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 6 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 7 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 8 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 9 generated generate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 10 using use VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 11 novel novel NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 12 manufacturing manufacturing NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 13 technologies technology NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 15 98 98 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 16 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 17 100 100 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 19 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 20 which which WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 21 allows allow VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 22 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 23 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 24 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 25 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 26 large large JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 27 quantities quantity NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 28 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 29 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 30 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 31 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 32 using use VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 33 baculovirus baculovirus NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 34 expression expression NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 35 systems system NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 36 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 37 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 38 DNA dna NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 39 technologies technology NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 41 100 100 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 145 43 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 2 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 3 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 4 that that WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 5 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 6 used use VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 7 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 8 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 9 manufacture manufacture NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 10 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 11 high high JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 12 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 13 growth growth NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 14 6 6 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 15 + + SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 16 2 2 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 17 reassortants reassortant NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 18 containing contain VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 19 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 20 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 21 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 22 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 23 gene gene NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 24 segments segment NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 25 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 26 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 27 target target NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 28 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 29 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 30 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 31 backbone backbone NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 32 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 33 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 34 A A NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 35 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 36 Puerto Puerto NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 37 Rico/8/1934 Rico/8/1934 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 38 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 40 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 42 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 43 other other JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 44 high high JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 45 growth growth NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 46 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 146 47 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 147 1 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 147 2 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 147 3 replicates replicate VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 147 4 at at IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 147 5 high high JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 147 6 titers titer NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 147 7 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 147 8 eggs egg NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 147 9 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 147 10 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 147 11 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 147 12 also also RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 147 13 has have VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 147 14 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 147 15 favorable favorable JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 147 16 safety safety NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 147 17 profile profile NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 147 18 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 147 19 humans human NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 147 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 147 21 98 98 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 147 22 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 147 23 101 101 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 147 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 148 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 148 2 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 148 3 2A 2a CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 148 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 148 5 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 149 1 To to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 149 2 generate generate VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 149 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 149 4 reassortant reassortant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 149 5 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 149 6 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 149 7 eggs egg NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 149 8 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 149 9 co co JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 149 10 - - JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 149 11 infected infected JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 150 1 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 150 2 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 150 3 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 150 4 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 150 5 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 150 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 150 7 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 150 8 2A 2a CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 150 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 150 10 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 151 1 Selection selection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 151 2 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 151 3 appropriated appropriate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 151 4 seed seed NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 151 5 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 151 6 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 151 7 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 151 8 made make VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 151 9 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 151 10 amplification amplification NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 151 11 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 151 12 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 151 13 presence presence NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 151 14 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 151 15 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 151 16 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 151 17 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 151 18 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 151 19 NAbs NAbs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 151 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 151 21 98 98 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 151 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 152 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 152 2 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 152 3 2A 2a CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 152 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 152 5 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 153 1 Then then RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 153 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 153 3 selected select VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 153 4 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 153 5 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 153 6 cloned clone VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 153 7 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 153 8 sequenced sequence VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 153 9 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 153 10 confirmation confirmation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 153 11 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 154 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 154 2 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 154 3 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 154 4 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 154 5 typically typically RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 154 6 wild wild JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 154 7 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 154 8 type type NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 154 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 154 10 WT WT NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 154 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 154 12 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 154 13 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 155 1 However however RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 155 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 155 3 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 155 4 reassortants reassortant NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 155 5 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 155 6 used use VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 155 7 if if IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 155 8 WT WT NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 155 9 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 155 10 growth growth NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 155 11 properties property NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 155 12 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 155 13 not not RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 155 14 optimal optimal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 155 15 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 155 16 efficient efficient JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 155 17 growth growth NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 155 18 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 155 19 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 155 20 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 155 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 155 22 98 98 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 155 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 155 24 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 156 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 156 2 remaining remain VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 156 3 class class NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 156 4 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 156 5 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 156 6 consists consist VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 156 7 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 156 8 live live RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 156 9 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 156 10 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 156 11 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 156 12 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 156 13 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 157 1 Attenuated attenuated JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 157 2 human human JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 157 3 LAIVs laiv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 157 4 were be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 157 5 developed develop VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 157 6 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 157 7 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 157 8 1960s 1960 NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 157 9 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 157 10 serial serial JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 157 11 passage passage NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 157 12 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 157 13 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 157 14 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 157 15 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 157 16 eggs egg NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 157 17 using use VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 157 18 suboptimal suboptimal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 157 19 conditions condition NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 157 20 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 157 21 temperature temperature NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 157 22 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 2 resulting result VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 3 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 4 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 5 displayed display VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 6 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 7 temperature temperature NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 8 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 9 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 11 ts ts JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 13 cold cold RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 14 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 15 adapted adapt VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 17 ca ca NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 19 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 21 att att NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 23 phenotype phenotype NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 24 that that WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 25 grew grow VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 26 at at IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 27 25 25 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 28 • • NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 29 C C NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 30 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 31 but but CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 32 not not RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 33 at at IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 34 temperatures temperature NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 35 found find VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 36 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 37 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 38 lower low JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 39 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 40 tract tract NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 42 > > NFP cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 43 35 35 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 44 • • NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 45 C c NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 47 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 48 102 102 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 49 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 50 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 51 103 103 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 52 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 53 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 54 104 104 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 55 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 56 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 57 105 105 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 58 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 158 59 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 1 Because because IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 2 this this DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 3 ts ts NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 4 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 5 ca ca NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 6 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 7 att att NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 8 phenotype phenotype NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 9 restricts restrict VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 10 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 11 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 12 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 13 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 14 upper upper JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 15 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 16 track track NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 17 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 18 these these DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 19 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 20 could could MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 21 induce induce VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 22 local local JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 23 protective protective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 24 immunological immunological JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 25 responses response NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 27 65 65 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 28 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 29 95 95 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 30 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 31 96 96 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 32 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 33 98 98 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 159 35 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 160 1 LAIV LAIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 160 2 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 160 3 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 160 4 available available JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 160 5 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 160 6 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 160 7 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 160 8 since since IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 160 9 2003 2003 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 160 10 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 160 11 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 160 12 administrated administrate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 160 13 intranasally intranasally RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 160 14 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 2 advantages advantage NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 4 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 5 live live JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 6 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 7 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 8 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 9 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 10 compared compare VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 11 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 12 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 13 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 14 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 15 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 16 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 17 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 18 that that IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 20 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 21 applied apply VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 22 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 23 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 24 nasal nasal NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 25 mucosa mucosa NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 26 where where WRB cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 27 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 28 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 29 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 30 induce induce VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 31 local local JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 32 immunity immunity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 34 including include VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 35 NAbs NAbs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 37 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 38 generate generate VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 39 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 40 cellmediated cellmediate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 41 immune immune JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 42 response response NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 43 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 44 provide provide VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 45 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 46 cross cross JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 47 - - JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 48 reactive reactive JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 49 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 50 longer long RBR cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 51 lasting last VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 52 immune immune JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 53 response response NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 54 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 55 106 106 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 56 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 161 57 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 162 1 LAIV LAIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 162 2 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 162 3 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 162 4 available available JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 162 5 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 162 6 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 162 7 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 162 8 since since IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 162 9 2003 2003 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 162 10 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 162 11 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 162 12 administrated administrate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 162 13 intranasally intranasally RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 162 14 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 2 advantages advantage NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 4 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 5 live live JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 6 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 7 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 8 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 9 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 10 compared compare VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 11 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 12 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 13 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 14 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 15 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 16 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 17 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 18 that that IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 20 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 21 applied apply VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 22 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 23 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 24 nasal nasal NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 25 mucosa mucosa NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 26 where where WRB cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 27 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 28 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 29 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 30 induce induce VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 31 local local JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 32 immunity immunity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 34 including include VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 35 NAbs NAbs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 37 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 38 generate generate VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 39 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 40 cell cell NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 41 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 42 mediated mediate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 43 immune immune JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 44 response response NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 45 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 46 provide provide VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 47 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 48 cross cross JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 49 - - JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 50 reactive reactive JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 51 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 52 longer long RBR cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 53 lasting last VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 54 immune immune JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 55 response response NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 56 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 57 106 106 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 58 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 163 59 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 2 current current JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 3 LAIVs laiv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 4 consist consist VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 5 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 6 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 7 internal internal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 8 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 9 segments segment NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 11 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 12 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 13 PB1 PB1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 14 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 15 PA PA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 16 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 17 NP NP NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 18 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 19 M M NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 20 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 21 NS NS NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 23 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 24 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 25 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 26 master master NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 27 donor donor NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 28 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 30 MDV MDV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 32 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 33 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 34 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 35 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 36 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 37 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 38 segments segment NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 39 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 40 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 41 selected select VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 42 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 43 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 44 strain strain NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 46 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 47 2B 2b CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 164 49 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 2 MDVs mdv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 3 used use VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 4 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 5 A A NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 6 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 7 Ann Ann NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 8 Arbor/6/60 Arbor/6/60 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 10 H2N2 H2N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 12 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 13 B B NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 14 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 15 Ann Ann NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 16 Arbor/1/66 Arbor/1/66 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 17 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 18 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 19 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 20 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 21 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 22 respectively respectively RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 24 103 103 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 25 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 26 104 104 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 27 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 29 107 107 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 32 108 108 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 35 109 109 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 38 110 110 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 41 111 111 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 44 112 112 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 47 113 113 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 165 49 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 1 Similar similar JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 2 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 3 MDV MDV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 4 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 5 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 6 MDV MDV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 7 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 8 was be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 9 originally originally RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 10 derived derive VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 11 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 12 serial serial JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 13 passage passage NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 14 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 15 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 16 parental parental JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 17 WT WT NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 18 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 19 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 20 isolated isolate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 21 at at IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 22 successively successively RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 23 reduced reduce VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 24 temperatures temperature NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 25 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 26 primary primary JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 27 chicken chicken NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 28 kidney kidney NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 30 PCK PCK NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 32 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 34 114 114 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 166 36 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 2 resulting result VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 3 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 4 MDV MDV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 5 grows grow VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 6 efficiently efficiently RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 7 at at IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 8 25 25 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 9 • • NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 10 C C NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 12 ca ca NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 14 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 15 but but CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 16 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 17 growth growth NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 18 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 19 restricted restrict VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 20 at at IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 21 37 37 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 22 • • NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 23 C c NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 25 ts ts NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 167 27 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 168 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 168 2 genetic genetic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 168 3 changes change NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 168 4 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 168 5 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 168 6 MDV MDV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 168 7 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 168 8 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 168 9 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 168 10 recently recently RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 168 11 characterized characterize VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 168 12 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 2 MDV MDV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 3 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 4 includes include VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 5 five five CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 6 mutations mutation NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 7 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 8 two two CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 9 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 10 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 11 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 12 polymerases polymerase NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 14 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 15 N265S n265s NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 16 ; ; : cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 17 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 18 PB1 PB1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 19 K391E K391E NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 20 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 21 D581 D581 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 22 G g NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 23 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 24 A661 A661 NNPS cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 25 T T NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 27 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 28 NP NP NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 30 D34 D34 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 31 G G NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 34 103 103 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 35 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 36 104 104 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 37 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 38 115 115 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 169 40 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 2 MDV MDV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 3 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 4 has have VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 5 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 6 reported report VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 7 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 8 contain contain VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 9 two two CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 10 mutant mutant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 11 amino amino NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 12 acids acid NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 13 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 14 NP NP NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 16 A114 A114 NNPS cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 17 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 18 H410 H410 NNPS cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 20 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 21 one one CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 22 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 23 PA PA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 25 M431 M431 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 27 that that WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 28 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 29 responsible responsible JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 30 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 31 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 32 ts ts NNPS cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 33 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 34 ca ca MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 35 signature signature VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 37 108 108 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 170 39 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 171 1 Two two CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 171 2 additional additional JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 171 3 residues residue NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 171 4 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 171 5 M1 M1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 171 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 171 7 Q159 Q159 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 171 8 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 171 9 V183 V183 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 171 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 171 11 provide provide VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 171 12 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 171 13 MDV MDV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 171 14 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 171 15 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 171 16 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 171 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 171 18 att att NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 171 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 171 20 phenotype phenotype NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 171 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 171 22 108 108 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 171 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 171 24 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 172 1 Although although IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 172 2 LAIVs laiv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 172 3 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 172 4 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 172 5 approved approve VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 172 6 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 172 7 clinical clinical JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 172 8 use use NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 172 9 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 172 10 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 172 11 date date NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 172 12 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 172 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 172 14 mechanism mechanism NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 172 15 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 172 16 attenuation attenuation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 172 17 has have VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 172 18 not not RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 172 19 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 172 20 completely completely RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 172 21 understood understand VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 172 22 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 173 1 However however RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 173 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 173 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 173 4 tolerability tolerability NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 173 5 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 173 6 LAIVs laiv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 173 7 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 173 8 specific specific JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 173 9 populations population NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 173 10 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 173 11 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 173 12 important important JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 173 13 concern concern NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 173 14 because because IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 173 15 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 173 16 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 173 17 inherent inherent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 173 18 risk risk NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 173 19 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 173 20 immunizing immunize VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 173 21 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 173 22 live live JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 173 23 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 173 24 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 1 Thus thus RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 3 LAIVs laiv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 4 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 5 not not RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 6 recommended recommend VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 7 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 8 immunocompromised immunocompromised JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 9 patients patient NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 10 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 11 asthmatics asthmatic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 13 116 116 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 15 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 16 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 17 not not RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 18 approved approve VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 19 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 20 use use NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 21 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 22 children child NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 23 under under IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 24 two two CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 25 years year NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 26 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 27 age age NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 29 72 72 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 30 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 31 117 117 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 174 33 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 3 LAIVs laiv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 4 harboring harbor VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 5 different different JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 6 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 7 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 8 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 9 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 10 segments segment NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 11 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 12 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 13 unequally unequally RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 14 safe safe JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 15 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 16 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 17 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 18 year year NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 19 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 20 year year NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 21 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 22 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 23 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 24 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 25 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 26 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 27 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 28 different different JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 175 29 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 176 1 Similar similar JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 176 2 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 176 3 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 176 4 LAIVs laiv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 176 5 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 176 6 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 176 7 Russia Russia NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 176 8 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 176 9 two two CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 176 10 ts t NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 176 11 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 176 12 ca ca NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 176 13 MDV MDV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 176 14 IAVs iav NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 176 15 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 176 16 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 176 17 obtained obtain VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 176 18 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 176 19 using use VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 176 20 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 176 21 similar similar JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 176 22 temperature temperature NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 176 23 adaptation adaptation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 176 24 approach approach NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 176 25 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 177 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 177 2 two two CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 177 3 Russian russian JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 177 4 MDVs mdv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 177 5 were be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 177 6 originated originate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 177 7 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 177 8 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 177 9 same same JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 177 10 parental parental JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 177 11 A A NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 177 12 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 177 13 Leningrad/134/57 Leningrad/134/57 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 177 14 H2N2 H2N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 177 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 177 16 Len/57 Len/57 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 177 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 177 18 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 177 19 strain strain VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 177 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 177 21 118 118 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 177 22 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 177 23 119 119 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 177 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 177 25 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 2 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 4 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 5 MDV MDV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 6 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 7 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 8 Russian russian JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 9 MDVs mdv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 10 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 11 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 12 selected select VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 13 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 14 growing grow VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 15 Len/57 len/57 NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 16 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 17 embryonated embryonate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 18 chicken chicken NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 19 eggs egg NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 20 at at IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 21 lower low JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 23 25 25 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 24 • • NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 25 C c NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 27 temperatures temperature NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 178 28 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 179 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 179 2 MDV MDV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 179 3 Len/17 Len/17 VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 179 4 was be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 179 5 obtained obtain VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 179 6 after after IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 179 7 17 17 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 179 8 passages passage NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 179 9 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 179 10 Len/57 len/57 NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 179 11 at at IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 179 12 25 25 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 180 1 • • NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 180 2 C C NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 180 3 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 180 4 has have VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 180 5 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 180 6 used use VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 180 7 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 180 8 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 180 9 preparation preparation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 180 10 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 180 11 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 180 12 Russian russian JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 180 13 LAIV LAIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 180 14 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 180 15 use use NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 180 16 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 180 17 adults adult NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 180 18 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 2 genetic genetic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 3 changes change NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 4 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 5 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 6 MDVs mdv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 7 Len/17 Len/17 VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 8 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 9 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 10 identified identify VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 11 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 12 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 13 these these DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 14 include include VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 15 four four CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 16 mutations mutation NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 17 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 18 three three CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 19 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 20 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 22 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 23 V478L V478L NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 24 ; ; : cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 25 PB1 pb1 JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 26 K265N K265N NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 27 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 28 V591I V591I NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 29 ; ; : cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 30 NEP NEP NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 31 M100I M100I NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 34 120 120 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 181 36 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 2 second second JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 3 donor donor NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 4 strain strain NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 6 Len/47 len/47 NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 8 was be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 9 obtained obtain VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 10 after after IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 11 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 12 total total NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 13 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 14 47 47 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 15 passages passage NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 16 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 17 has have VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 18 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 19 used use VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 20 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 21 vaccinating vaccinate VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 22 children child NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 23 less less JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 24 than than IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 25 16 16 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 26 years year NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 27 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 28 age age NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 29 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 30 although although IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 31 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 32 genetic genetic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 33 changes change NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 34 responsible responsible JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 35 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 36 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 37 further further JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 38 ts ts NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 39 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 40 ca ca MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 41 phenotype phenotype NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 42 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 43 not not RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 44 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 45 well well RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 46 characterized characterize VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 47 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 48 121 121 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 49 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 182 50 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 1 In in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 2 all all DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 3 cases case NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 4 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 5 like like IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 6 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 7 IIV IIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 8 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 9 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 10 MDVs mdv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 11 contain contain VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 12 six six CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 13 internal internal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 14 genes gene NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 15 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 16 generate generate VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 17 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 18 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 19 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 20 combination combination NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 21 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 22 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 23 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 24 recommended recommend VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 25 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 26 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 27 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 28 genes gene NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 29 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 30 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 31 circulating circulate VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 32 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 34 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 35 2B 2b CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 183 37 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 1 LAIVs laiv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 2 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 3 generated generate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 4 either either CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 5 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 6 classical classical JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 7 reassortment reassortment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 8 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 9 eggs egg NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 11 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 12 previously previously RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 13 described describe VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 14 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 15 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 16 IIV IIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 19 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 20 2B 2b CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 22 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 23 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 24 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 25 genetics genetic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 26 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 27 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 28 indicated indicate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 29 below below IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 31 98 98 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 184 33 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 1 Most Most JJS cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 2 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 4 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 5 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 6 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 7 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 8 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 9 traditionally traditionally RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 10 produced produce VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 11 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 12 eggs egg NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 13 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 14 but but CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 15 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 16 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 17 progress progress NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 18 made make VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 19 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 20 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 21 cell cell NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 22 culture culture NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 23 technologies technology NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 24 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 25 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 26 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 27 manufacturers manufacturer NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 28 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 29 invested invest VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 30 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 31 these these DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 32 novel novel JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 33 cell cell NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 34 culture culture NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 35 systems system NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 36 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 37 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 38 mass mass NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 39 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 40 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 41 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 42 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 43 without without IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 44 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 45 need need NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 46 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 47 eggs egg NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 185 48 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 2 majority majority NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 4 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 5 currently currently RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 6 licensed license VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 7 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 8 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 9 that that WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 10 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 11 made make VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 12 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 13 biotechnology biotechnology NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 14 companies company NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 15 use use VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 16 fertilized fertilize VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 17 chicken chicken NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 18 egg egg NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 19 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 20 based base VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 21 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 22 technology technology NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 23 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 24 but but CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 25 this this DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 26 process process NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 27 has have VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 28 multiple multiple JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 29 drawbacks drawback NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 186 30 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 1 This this DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 2 form form NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 4 manufacturing manufacturing NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 5 depends depend VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 6 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 7 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 8 access access NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 9 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 10 embryonated embryonate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 11 eggs egg NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 12 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 13 relies rely VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 14 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 15 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 16 ability ability NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 17 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 18 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 19 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 20 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 21 efficiently efficiently RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 22 grow grow VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 23 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 24 eggs egg NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 25 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 26 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 27 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 28 resource resource NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 29 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 30 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 31 time time NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 32 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 33 intensive intensive JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 34 process process NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 36 91 91 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 37 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 39 122 122 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 42 123 123 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 45 124 124 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 187 47 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 4 risk risk NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 5 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 6 egg egg NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 7 contamination contamination NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 8 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 9 avian avian JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 10 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 11 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 12 microbes microbe NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 13 represents represent VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 14 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 15 risk risk NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 16 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 17 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 18 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 19 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 20 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 21 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 23 125 125 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 24 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 25 126 126 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 188 27 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 189 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 189 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 189 3 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 189 4 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 189 5 case case NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 189 6 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 189 7 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 189 8 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 189 9 pandemic pandemic NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 189 10 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 189 11 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 189 12 egg egg NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 189 13 supplies supply NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 189 14 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 189 15 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 189 16 compromised compromise VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 189 17 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 1 For for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 2 IIV IIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 3 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 4 one one CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 5 dose dose NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 6 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 7 adults adult NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 8 contains contain VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 9 approximately approximately RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 10 45 45 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 11 µg µg NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 12 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 13 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 15 15 15 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 16 µg µg NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 17 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 18 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 19 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 20 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 21 each each DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 22 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 23 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 24 three three CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 25 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 26 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 27 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 28 H3N2 H3N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 29 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 30 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 31 components component NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 33 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 34 meaning mean VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 35 one one CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 36 egg egg NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 37 = = SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 38 7 7 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 39 - - SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 40 10 10 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 41 dose dose NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 42 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 43 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 190 44 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 191 1 LAIVs laiv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 191 2 share share VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 191 3 similar similar JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 191 4 egg egg NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 191 5 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 191 6 based base VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 191 7 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 191 8 process process NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 191 9 steps step NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 191 10 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 192 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 192 2 LAIV LAIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 192 3 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 192 4 recovered recover VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 192 5 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 192 6 infected infected JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 192 7 eggs egg NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 192 8 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 192 9 then then RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 192 10 purified purify VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 192 11 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 192 12 concentrated concentrate VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 192 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 192 14 90 90 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 192 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 192 16 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 3 new new JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 4 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 5 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 6 approaches approach NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 7 that that WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 8 do do VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 9 not not RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 10 depend depend VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 11 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 12 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 13 propagation propagation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 14 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 15 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 16 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 17 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 18 eggs egg NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 20 e.g. e.g. RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 21 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 22 cell cell NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 23 cultures culture NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 25 represent represent VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 26 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 27 excellent excellent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 28 option option NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 29 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 30 increase increase VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 31 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 32 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 33 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 193 34 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 194 1 Mammalian mammalian JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 194 2 cell cell NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 194 3 cultures culture NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 194 4 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 194 5 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 194 6 used use VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 194 7 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 194 8 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 194 9 biopharmaceutical biopharmaceutical JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 194 10 industry industry NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 194 11 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 194 12 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 194 13 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 194 14 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 194 15 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 194 16 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 194 17 and/or and/or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 194 18 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 194 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 194 20 127 127 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 194 21 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 194 22 128 128 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 194 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 194 24 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 1 In in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 2 2012 2012 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 3 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 4 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 5 FDA FDA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 6 approved approve VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 7 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 8 cell cell NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 9 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 10 based base VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 11 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 12 process process NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 13 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 14 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 15 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 16 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 17 but but CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 18 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 19 manufacturing manufacturing NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 20 process process NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 21 begins begin VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 22 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 23 egg egg NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 24 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 25 grown grow VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 26 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 27 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 28 per per IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 29 FDA FDA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 30 regulations regulation NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 195 31 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 196 1 Influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 196 2 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 196 3 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 196 4 using use VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 196 5 FDA FDA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 196 6 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 196 7 approved approve VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 196 8 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 196 9 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 196 10 Vero Vero NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 197 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 197 2 African african JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 197 3 green green JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 197 4 monkey monkey NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 197 5 kidney kidney NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 197 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 197 7 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 197 8 may may MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 197 9 eventually eventually RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 197 10 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 197 11 completely completely RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 197 12 replace replace VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 197 13 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 197 14 use use NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 197 15 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 197 16 eggs egg NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 197 17 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 197 18 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 197 19 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 197 20 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 197 21 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 197 22 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 197 23 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 197 24 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 197 25 future future NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 197 26 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 1 Influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 2 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 3 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 4 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 5 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 6 cell cell NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 7 lines line NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 8 offers offer VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 9 several several JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 10 advantages advantage NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 11 over over IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 12 egg egg NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 13 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 14 based base VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 15 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 16 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 18 allows allow VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 19 faster fast RBR cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 20 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 21 greater great JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 22 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 23 capacity capacity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 24 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 25 improved improve VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 26 availability availability NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 27 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 28 substrate substrate NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 29 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 30 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 31 growth growth NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 33 122 122 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 34 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 35 127 127 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 37 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 38 eliminates eliminate VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 39 reliance reliance NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 40 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 41 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 42 supply supply NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 43 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 44 embryonated embryonate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 45 chicken chicken NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 46 eggs egg NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 47 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 48 129 129 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 49 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 50 130 130 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 198 52 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 199 1 In in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 199 2 addition addition NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 199 3 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 199 4 cell cell NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 199 5 cultures culture NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 199 6 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 199 7 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 199 8 cryopreserved cryopreserve VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 199 9 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 199 10 scaled scale VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 199 11 up up RP cord-002407-25cawzi0 199 12 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 199 13 bioreactors bioreactor NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 199 14 at at IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 199 15 any any DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 199 16 time time NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 199 17 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 1 Adjuvants adjuvant NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 2 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 3 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 4 shown show VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 5 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 6 enhance enhance VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 7 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 8 immune immune JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 9 response response NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 10 elicited elicit VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 11 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 12 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 13 antigen antigen NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 14 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 15 could could MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 16 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 17 used use VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 18 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 19 improve improve VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 20 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 21 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 22 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 23 IIV IIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 25 131 131 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 26 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 27 132 132 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 200 29 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 201 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 201 2 use use NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 201 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 201 4 adjuvants adjuvant NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 201 5 could could MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 201 6 also also RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 201 7 reduce reduce VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 201 8 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 201 9 dose dose NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 201 10 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 201 11 stretching stretch VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 201 12 antigen antigen NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 201 13 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 201 14 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 201 15 supplies supply NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 201 16 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 1 Currently currently RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 3 FDA FDA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 4 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 5 licensed license VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 6 adjuvants adjuvant NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 7 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 8 influenza influenza JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 9 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 10 usage usage NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 11 include include VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 12 aluminum aluminum NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 13 salt salt NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 15 alum alum NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 17 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 18 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 19 squalene squalene NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 20 oil oil NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 21 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 22 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 23 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 24 water water NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 25 emulsion emulsion NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 26 systems system NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 202 27 MF59 MF59 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 203 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 203 2 Wadman Wadman NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 203 3 2005 2005 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 203 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 203 5 Novartis Novartis NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 203 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 203 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 204 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 204 2 133 133 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 204 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 204 4 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 204 5 AS03 AS03 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 204 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 204 7 GlaxoSmithKline GlaxoSmithKline NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 204 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 204 9 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 204 10 134 134 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 204 11 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 204 12 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 205 1 However however RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 205 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 205 3 most most JJS cord-002407-25cawzi0 205 4 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 205 5 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 205 6 current current JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 205 7 IIVs iiv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 205 8 do do VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 205 9 not not RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 205 10 contain contain VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 205 11 any any DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 205 12 type type NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 205 13 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 205 14 adjuvant adjuvant NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 205 15 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 205 16 but but CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 205 17 many many JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 205 18 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 205 19 under under IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 205 20 investigation investigation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 205 21 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 1 Genetics genetics NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 2 techniques technique NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 3 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 4 generate generate VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 5 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 6 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 7 were be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 8 first first RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 9 developed develop VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 10 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 11 DNA dna NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 12 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 13 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 14 based base VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 15 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 16 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 17 transfection transfection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 18 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 19 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 20 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 21 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 22 encoding encode VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 23 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 24 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 25 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 26 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 27 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 28 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 29 recombination recombination NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 30 between between IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 31 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 32 bearing bear VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 33 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 34 sequences sequence NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 35 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 36 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 37 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 38 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 39 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 40 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 41 helper helper NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 42 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 44 135 135 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 206 46 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 207 1 Initial initial JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 207 2 genetics genetics NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 207 3 approaches approach VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 207 4 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 207 5 DNA dna NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 207 6 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 207 7 were be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 207 8 followed follow VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 207 9 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 207 10 manipulations manipulation NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 207 11 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 207 12 positive positive JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 207 13 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 207 14 sense sense NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 207 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 207 16 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 207 17 genomes genome NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 207 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 207 19 136 136 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 207 20 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 207 21 137 137 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 207 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 207 23 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 1 Transfection transfection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 2 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 3 plasmid plasmid NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 4 DNA dna NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 5 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 6 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 8 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 9 directly directly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 10 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 11 vitro vitro FW cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 12 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 13 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 14 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 15 containing contain VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 16 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 17 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 18 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 19 poliovirus poliovirus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 20 into into IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 21 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 22 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 23 led lead VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 24 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 25 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 26 generation generation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 27 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 28 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 29 infectious infectious JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 30 poliovirus poliovirus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 32 138 138 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 208 34 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 1 However however RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 4 genomes genome NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 5 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 6 negative negative JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 7 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 8 sense sense NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 10 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 11 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 12 including include VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 13 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 14 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 15 were be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 16 less less RBR cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 17 suitable suitable JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 18 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 19 molecular molecular JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 20 biology biology NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 21 manipulations manipulation NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 22 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 23 comparison comparison NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 24 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 25 DNA dna NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 26 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 27 positive positive JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 28 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 29 sense sense NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 30 RNA RNA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 31 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 32 since since IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 33 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 34 genomes genome NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 35 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 36 complementary complementary JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 37 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 38 mRNA mrna NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 39 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 40 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 41 orientation orientation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 42 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 43 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 44 therefore therefore RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 45 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 46 not not RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 47 infectious infectious JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 48 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 49 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 50 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 51 1 1 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 52 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 53 7 7 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 54 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 209 55 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 210 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 210 2 require require VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 210 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 210 4 presence presence NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 210 5 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 210 6 vRNA(s vrna(s NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 210 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 210 8 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 210 9 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 210 10 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 210 11 RdRps RdRps NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 210 12 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 210 13 initiate initiate VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 210 14 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 210 15 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 210 16 cycle cycle NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 210 17 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 210 18 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 210 19 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 210 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 210 21 33 33 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 210 22 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 210 23 44 44 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 210 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 210 25 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 2 advent advent NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 4 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 5 genetics genetic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 6 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 7 molecular molecular JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 8 engineering engineering NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 9 has have VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 10 transformed transform VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 11 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 12 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 13 field field NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 14 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 15 allowing allow VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 16 multiple multiple JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 17 questions question NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 18 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 19 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 20 answered answer VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 21 using use VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 22 genetically genetically RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 23 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 24 engineered engineer VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 25 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 26 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 27 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 29 139 139 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 211 31 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 1 Such such JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 2 studies study NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 3 include include VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 4 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 5 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 6 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 7 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 8 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 9 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 10 gene gene NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 11 transcription transcription NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 12 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 13 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 14 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 15 virulence virulence NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 16 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 17 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 18 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 19 host host NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 20 interactions interaction NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 21 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 22 host host NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 23 range range NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 24 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 25 transmissibility transmissibility NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 27 12 12 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 28 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 29 13 13 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 30 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 31 139 139 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 32 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 33 140 140 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 212 35 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 3 these these DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 4 technologies technology NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 5 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 6 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 7 implemented implement VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 8 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 9 develop develop VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 10 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 11 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 13 141 141 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 15 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 16 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 17 generate generate VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 18 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 19 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 20 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 21 expressing express VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 22 foreign foreign JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 23 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 24 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 25 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 26 vectors vector NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 28 142 142 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 31 143 143 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 34 144 144 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 36 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 37 harboring harbor VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 38 reporter reporter NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 39 genes gene NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 40 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 41 easily easily RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 42 track track VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 43 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 44 infections infection NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 46 142 142 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 47 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 49 145 145 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 51 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 52 146 146 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 53 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 54 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 55 147 147 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 56 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 213 57 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 1 Plasmid plasmid NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 2 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 3 based base VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 4 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 5 genetics genetic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 6 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 7 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 8 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 9 allows allow VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 10 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 11 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 12 simultaneous simultaneous JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 13 expression expression NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 14 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 15 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 16 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 17 components component NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 18 involved involve VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 19 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 20 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 21 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 22 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 23 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 24 gene gene NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 25 transcription transcription NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 27 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 28 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 29 PB1 PB1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 30 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 31 PA PA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 32 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 33 NP NP NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 35 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 36 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 37 eight eight CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 38 negative negative JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 39 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 40 stranded stranded JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 41 vRNAs vrna NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 42 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 43 transfected transfecte VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 44 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 45 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 46 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 47 which which WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 48 together together RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 49 generate generate VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 50 de de FW cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 51 novo novo NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 52 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 53 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 54 IAVs iav NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 55 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 56 IBVs ibv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 57 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 58 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 59 3 3 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 61 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 62 48 48 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 63 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 214 64 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 2 goal goal NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 3 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 4 generate generate VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 5 vRNA vrna RP cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 6 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 7 vivo vivo NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 8 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 9 cloned clone VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 10 complementary complementary JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 12 c)DNAs c)dna NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 13 was be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 14 achieved achieve VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 15 when when WRB cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 16 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 18 polymerase polymerase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 19 I -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 21 Pol Pol NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 22 I i CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 24 system system NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 25 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 26 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 27 vRNA vrna JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 28 synthesis synthesis NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 29 was be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 30 established establish VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 32 148 148 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 33 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 34 149 149 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 215 36 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 1 Pol Pol NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 2 I -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 3 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 4 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 5 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 6 enzyme enzyme NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 7 that that WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 8 transcribes transcribe VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 9 ribosomal ribosomal NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 11 r)RNA r)RNA NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 12 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 13 which which WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 14 like like IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 15 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 16 vRNA vRNA : cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 17 does do VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 18 not not RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 19 contain contain VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 20 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 21 cap cap NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 22 structure structure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 23 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 24 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 25 5 5 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 26 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 27 poly poly NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 29 A a NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 31 structures structure NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 32 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 33 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 34 3 3 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 35 ends end NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 37 150 150 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 38 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 39 151 151 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 216 41 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 3 Pol Pol NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 4 I -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 5 initiates initiate VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 6 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 7 terminates terminate VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 8 transcription transcription NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 9 at at IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 10 defined define VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 11 promoter promoter NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 12 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 13 terminator terminator NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 14 sequences sequence NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 15 allowing allow VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 16 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 17 generation generation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 18 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 19 vRNAs vrna NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 20 without without IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 21 additional additional JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 22 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 23 at at IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 24 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 25 5 5 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 26 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 27 3 3 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 28 ends end NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 29 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 30 which which WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 31 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 32 required require VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 33 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 34 efficient efficient JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 35 generation generation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 36 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 37 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 38 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 39 using use VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 40 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 41 genetics genetic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 217 42 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 4 Pol Pol NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 5 I I NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 6 promoter promoter NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 7 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 8 species specie NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 9 specific specific JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 11 152 152 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 12 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 13 153 153 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 15 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 16 was be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 17 originally originally RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 18 established establish VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 19 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 20 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 21 rescue rescue NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 22 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 23 human human JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 24 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 26 135 135 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 27 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 28 140 140 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 29 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 30 149 149 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 31 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 32 154 154 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 218 34 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 1 Currently currently RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 4 Pol Pol NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 5 I I NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 6 promoters promoter NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 7 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 8 different different JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 9 species specie NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 10 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 11 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 12 identified identify VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 13 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 14 allowing allow VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 15 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 16 generation generation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 17 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 18 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 19 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 20 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 21 using use VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 22 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 23 genetics genetics NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 24 techniques technique NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 25 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 26 avian avian JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 27 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 28 canine canine JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 29 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 30 equine equine JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 31 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 32 murine murine JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 33 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 34 lines line NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 36 155 155 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 39 156 156 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 42 157 157 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 45 158 158 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 219 47 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 4 Pol Pol NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 5 I I NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 6 promoter promoter NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 7 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 8 species specie NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 9 specific specific JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 11 152 152 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 12 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 13 153 153 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 15 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 16 was be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 17 originally originally RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 18 established establish VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 19 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 20 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 21 rescue rescue NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 22 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 23 human human JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 24 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 26 135 135 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 27 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 28 140 140 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 29 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 30 149 149 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 31 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 32 154 154 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 220 34 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 1 Currently currently RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 4 Pol Pol NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 5 I I NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 6 promoters promoter NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 7 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 8 different different JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 9 species specie NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 10 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 11 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 12 identified identify VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 13 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 14 allowing allow VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 15 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 16 generation generation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 17 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 18 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 19 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 20 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 21 using use VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 22 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 23 genetics genetics NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 24 techniques technique NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 25 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 26 avian avian JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 27 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 28 canine canine JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 29 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 30 equine equine JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 31 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 32 murine murine JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 33 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 34 lines line NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 36 155 155 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 39 156 156 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 42 157 157 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 45 158 158 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 221 47 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 222 1 Influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 222 2 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 222 3 require require VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 222 4 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 222 5 presence presence NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 222 6 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 222 7 eight eight CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 222 8 vRNA vrna JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 222 9 segments segment NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 222 10 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 222 11 efficient efficient JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 222 12 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 222 13 fitness fitness NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 222 14 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 222 15 successful successful JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 222 16 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 222 17 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 222 18 virion virion NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 222 19 progeny progeny NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 222 20 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 2 initial initial JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 3 description description NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 4 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 5 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 6 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 7 genetics genetic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 8 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 9 originally originally RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 10 established establish VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 11 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 12 1999 1999 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 13 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 14 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 16 154 154 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 17 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 18 159 159 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 20 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 21 required require VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 22 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 23 use use NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 24 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 25 12 12 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 26 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 27 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 28 generate generate VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 29 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 30 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 31 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 32 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 33 four four CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 34 polymerase polymerase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 35 II II NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 37 Pol Pol NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 38 II II NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 40 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 41 expression expression NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 42 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 43 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 44 encoding encode VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 45 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 46 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 47 RdRp rdrp NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 48 complex complex NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 50 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 51 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 52 PB1 PB1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 53 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 54 PA PA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 56 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 57 NP NP NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 58 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 59 vRNP vrnp NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 60 reconstitution reconstitution NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 61 ; ; : cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 62 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 63 eight eight CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 64 Pol Pol NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 65 I i NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 66 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 67 driven drive VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 68 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 69 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 70 expression expression NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 71 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 72 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 73 eight eight CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 74 vRNA vrna JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 75 segments segment NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 76 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 77 154 154 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 78 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 79 159 159 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 80 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 223 81 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 1 However however RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 4 was be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 5 later later RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 6 described describe VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 7 that that IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 8 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 9 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 10 require require VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 11 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 12 presence presence NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 13 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 14 eight eight CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 15 vRNA vrna JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 16 segments segment NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 17 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 18 efficient efficient JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 19 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 20 fitness fitness NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 21 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 22 successful successful JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 23 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 24 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 25 virion virion NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 26 progeny progeny NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 224 27 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 2 initial initial JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 3 description description NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 4 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 5 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 6 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 7 genetics genetic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 8 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 9 originally originally RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 10 established establish VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 11 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 12 1999 1999 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 13 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 14 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 16 154 154 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 17 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 18 159 159 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 20 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 21 required require VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 22 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 23 use use NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 24 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 25 12 12 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 26 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 27 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 28 generate generate VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 29 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 30 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 31 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 32 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 33 four four CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 34 polymerase polymerase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 35 II II NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 37 Pol Pol NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 38 II II NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 40 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 41 expression expression NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 42 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 43 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 44 encoding encode VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 45 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 46 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 47 RdRp rdrp NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 48 complex complex NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 50 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 51 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 52 PB1 PB1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 53 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 54 PA PA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 56 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 57 NP NP NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 58 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 59 vRNP vrnp NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 60 reconstitution reconstitution NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 61 ; ; : cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 62 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 63 eight eight CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 64 Pol Pol NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 65 I i NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 66 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 67 driven drive VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 68 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 69 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 70 expression expression NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 71 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 72 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 73 eight eight CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 74 vRNA vrna JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 75 segments segment NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 76 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 77 154 154 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 78 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 79 159 159 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 80 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 225 81 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 1 However however RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 4 was be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 5 later later RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 6 described describe VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 7 that that IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 8 only only RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 9 eight eight CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 10 ambisense ambisense NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 11 and/or and/or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 12 bidirectional bidirectional JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 13 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 14 were be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 15 needed need VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 16 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 17 complete complete JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 18 reconstitution reconstitution NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 19 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 20 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 21 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 23 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 24 3A 3a CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 27 150 150 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 28 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 29 151 151 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 226 31 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 227 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 227 2 eight eight CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 227 3 plasmid plasmid NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 227 4 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 227 5 based base VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 227 6 rescue rescue NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 227 7 system system NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 227 8 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 227 9 now now RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 227 10 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 227 11 most most RBS cord-002407-25cawzi0 227 12 common common JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 227 13 method method NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 227 14 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 227 15 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 227 16 generation generation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 227 17 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 227 18 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 227 19 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 227 20 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 227 21 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 228 1 Because because IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 228 2 fewer few JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 228 3 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 228 4 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 228 5 required require VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 228 6 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 228 7 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 228 8 eight eight CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 228 9 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 228 10 plasmid plasmid NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 228 11 approach approach NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 228 12 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 228 13 more more RBR cord-002407-25cawzi0 228 14 successful successful JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 228 15 than than IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 228 16 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 228 17 initial initial JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 228 18 twelve twelve CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 228 19 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 228 20 plasmid plasmid NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 228 21 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 228 22 genetic genetic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 228 23 technique technique NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 228 24 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 2 core core NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 4 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 5 eight eight CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 6 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 7 plasmid plasmid NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 8 rescue rescue NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 9 system system NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 10 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 11 that that IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 12 each each DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 13 plasmid plasmid NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 14 contains contain VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 15 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 16 " " `` cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 17 ambisense ambisense NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 18 cassette cassette NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 19 " " '' cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 20 that that WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 21 includes include VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 23 Pol Pol NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 24 I I NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 25 and/or and/or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 26 II II NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 27 sequences sequence NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 28 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 29 which which WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 30 drives drive VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 31 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 32 transcription transcription NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 33 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 229 34 vRNAs vRNAs . cord-002407-25cawzi0 230 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 230 2 Pol Pol NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 230 3 I I NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 230 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 230 5 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 230 6 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 230 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 230 8 Pol Pol NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 230 9 II II NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 230 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 230 11 expression expression NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 230 12 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 230 13 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 230 14 same same JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 230 15 viral viral NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 231 1 cDNAs cDNAs . cord-002407-25cawzi0 232 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 232 2 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 232 3 3B 3b CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 232 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 232 5 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 1 Using use VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 2 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 3 similar similar JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 4 technology technology NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 5 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 6 2002 2002 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 7 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 8 this this DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 9 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 10 genetics genetics NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 11 technique technique NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 12 allowed allow VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 13 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 14 recovery recovery NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 15 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 16 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 17 entirely entirely RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 18 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 19 ambisense ambisense NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 20 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 22 13 13 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 23 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 25 160 160 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 28 161 161 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 31 162 162 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 233 33 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 234 1 Now now RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 234 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 234 3 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 234 4 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 234 5 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 234 6 reverse reverse VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 234 7 genetics genetics NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 234 8 techniques technique NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 234 9 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 234 10 well well RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 234 11 established establish VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 234 12 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 234 13 commonly commonly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 234 14 used use VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 234 15 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 234 16 multiple multiple JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 234 17 research research NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 234 18 laboratories laboratory NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 234 19 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 234 20 different different JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 234 21 research research NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 234 22 purposes purpose NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 234 23 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 1 Influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 2 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 3 genetics genetics NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 4 techniques technique NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 5 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 6 had have VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 7 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 8 important important JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 9 effect effect NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 10 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 11 expanding expand VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 12 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 13 knowledge knowledge NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 14 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 15 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 16 molecular molecular JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 17 biology biology NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 18 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 19 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 20 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 21 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 22 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 23 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 24 allowing allow VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 25 researchers researcher NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 26 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 27 answer answer VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 28 important important JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 29 questions question NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 30 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 31 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 32 biology biology NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 33 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 34 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 35 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 36 IBV IBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 37 that that WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 38 were be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 39 not not RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 40 possible possible JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 41 using use VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 42 conventional conventional JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 43 virological virological JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 44 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 45 biochemical biochemical JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 46 procedures procedure NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 47 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 48 12 12 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 49 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 50 144 144 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 51 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 52 147 147 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 53 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 235 54 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 1 Scientists scientist NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 2 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 3 now now RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 4 mutate mutate VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 5 specific specific JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 6 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 7 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 8 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 9 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 10 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 11 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 12 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 13 elucidate elucidate VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 14 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 15 nature nature NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 16 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 17 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 18 sequences sequence NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 19 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 20 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 21 contribution contribution NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 22 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 23 specific specific JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 24 amino amino JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 25 acids acid NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 26 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 27 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 28 function function NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 29 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 30 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 31 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 32 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 236 33 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 1 For for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 2 instance instance NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 3 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 4 reverse reverse VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 5 genetics genetics NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 6 technologies technology NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 7 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 8 enabled enable VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 9 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 10 identification identification NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 11 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 12 characterization characterization NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 13 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 14 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 15 cis cis NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 16 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 17 acting act VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 18 elements element NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 19 required require VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 20 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 21 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 22 cell cell NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 23 entry entry NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 24 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 25 uncoating uncoating NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 26 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 27 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 28 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 29 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 30 gene gene NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 31 transcription transcription NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 32 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 33 encapsidation encapsidation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 34 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 35 packaging packaging NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 36 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 37 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 38 release release NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 40 13 13 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 41 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 42 135 135 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 43 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 45 163 163 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 47 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 48 164 164 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 49 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 50 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 51 165 165 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 52 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 237 53 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 3 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 4 engineering engineer VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 5 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 6 vectors vector NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 7 suitable suitable JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 8 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 9 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 10 expression expression NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 11 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 12 foreign foreign JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 13 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 14 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 15 infected infected JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 16 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 17 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 18 multiple multiple JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 19 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 20 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 21 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 22 harboring harbor VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 23 reporter reporter NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 24 fluorescent fluorescent NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 25 and/or and/or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 26 luminescent luminescent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 27 genes gene NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 28 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 29 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 30 generated generate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 31 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 32 used use VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 33 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 34 identify identify VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 35 antivirals antiviral NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 36 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 37 NAbs NAbs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 38 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 39 vitro vitro FW cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 40 and/or and/or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 41 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 42 vivo vivo NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 44 142 142 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 45 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 46 146 146 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 47 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 48 147 147 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 49 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 238 50 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 1 Finally finally RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 3 reverse reverse VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 4 genetics genetic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 5 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 6 allowed allow VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 7 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 8 creation creation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 9 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 10 single single JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 11 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 12 cycle cycle NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 13 infectious infectious JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 14 IAVs iav NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 16 sciIAVs sciIAVs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 18 that that WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 19 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 20 restricted restrict VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 21 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 22 one one CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 23 cycle cycle NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 24 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 25 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 26 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 27 parental parental JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 28 cell cell NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 29 lines line NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 239 30 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 240 1 However however RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 240 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 240 3 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 240 4 complementing complement VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 240 5 cell cell NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 240 6 lines line NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 240 7 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 240 8 sciIAVs sciIAVs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 240 9 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 240 10 replicate replicate VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 240 11 efficiently efficiently RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 240 12 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 240 13 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 240 14 levels level NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 240 15 comparable comparable JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 240 16 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 240 17 WT WT NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 240 18 forms form NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 240 19 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 240 20 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 240 21 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 240 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 240 23 144 144 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 240 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 240 25 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 1 Highly highly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 2 virulent virulent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 3 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 4 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 5 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 6 potential potential NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 7 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 8 pose pose VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 9 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 10 greater great JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 11 human human JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 12 threat threat NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 13 than than IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 14 many many JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 15 other other JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 16 Biosafety Biosafety NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 17 Level Level NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 19 BSL)-3 bsl)-3 NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 20 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 21 BSL-4 BSL-4 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 22 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 23 because because IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 24 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 25 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 26 efficient efficient JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 27 transmission transmission NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 28 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 29 limited limited JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 30 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 31 options option NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 33 47 47 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 241 35 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 242 1 Traditional traditional JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 242 2 immunological immunological JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 242 3 approaches approach NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 242 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 242 5 e.g. e.g. RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 242 6 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 242 7 HAI HAI NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 242 8 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 242 9 microneutralization microneutralization NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 242 10 assays assay NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 242 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 243 1 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 243 2 identify identify VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 243 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 243 4 presence presence NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 243 5 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 243 6 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 243 7 NAbs NAbs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 244 1 rely rely VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 244 2 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 244 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 244 4 manipulation manipulation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 244 5 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 244 6 live live JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 244 7 forms form NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 244 8 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 244 9 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 244 10 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 244 11 need need VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 244 12 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 244 13 use use NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 244 14 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 244 15 special special JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 244 16 BSL BSL NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 244 17 conditions condition NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 244 18 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 1 Thus thus RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 3 novel novel NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 4 approaches approach NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 5 that that WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 6 allow allow VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 7 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 8 detection detection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 9 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 10 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 11 NAbs NAbs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 12 without without IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 13 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 14 use use NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 15 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 16 live live JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 17 forms form NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 18 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 19 IAVs iav NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 20 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 21 highly highly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 22 contained contain VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 23 BSL BSL NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 24 laboratories laboratory NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 25 would would MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 26 facilitate facilitate VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 27 these these DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 28 serological serological JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 29 assays assay NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 245 30 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 246 1 In in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 246 2 this this DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 246 3 regard regard NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 246 4 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 246 5 because because IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 246 6 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 246 7 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 246 8 safety safety NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 246 9 profile profile NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 246 10 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 246 11 sciIAVs sciIAVs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 246 12 represent represent VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 246 13 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 246 14 excellent excellent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 246 15 alternative alternative NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 246 16 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 246 17 identify identify VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 246 18 new new JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 246 19 antivirals antiviral NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 246 20 and/or and/or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 247 1 NAbs NAbs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 247 2 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 247 3 144 144 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 247 4 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 247 5 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 3 several several JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 4 sciIAVs sciiavs CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 5 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 6 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 7 shown show VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 8 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 9 represent represent VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 10 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 11 excellent excellent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 12 option option NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 13 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 14 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 15 implementation implementation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 16 as as RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 17 safe safe JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 18 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 19 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 20 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 21 protective protective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 22 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 23 and/or and/or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 24 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 25 vectors vector NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 27 69 69 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 28 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 29 144 144 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 248 31 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 1 Influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 2 plasmid plasmid NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 3 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 4 based base VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 5 reverse reverse NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 6 genetics genetic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 7 represent represent VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 8 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 9 better well JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 10 alternative alternative NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 11 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 12 circumvent circumvent VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 13 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 14 process process NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 15 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 16 generating generate VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 17 reassortant reassortant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 18 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 19 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 20 co co NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 21 - - NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 22 infection infection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 23 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 24 chicken chicken NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 25 embryonated embryonate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 26 eggs egg NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 27 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 28 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 29 generation generation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 30 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 31 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 32 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 34 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 35 2 2 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 38 135 135 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 249 40 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 4 generation generation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 5 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 6 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 7 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 8 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 9 using use VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 10 plasmid plasmid NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 11 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 12 based base VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 13 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 14 genetics genetics NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 15 approaches approach NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 16 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 17 simple simple JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 18 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 19 well well RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 20 established establish VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 21 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 22 currently currently RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 23 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 24 use use NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 25 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 26 several several JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 27 laboratories laboratory NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 28 around around IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 29 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 30 world world NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 32 139 139 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 33 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 34 166 166 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 250 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 251 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 251 2 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 251 3 4 4 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 251 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 251 5 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 252 1 Briefly briefly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 252 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 252 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 252 4 eight eight CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 252 5 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 252 6 ambisense ambisense NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 252 7 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 252 8 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 252 9 co co JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 252 10 - - VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 252 11 transfected transfecte VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 1 into into IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 2 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 3 FDA FDA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 4 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 5 approved approve VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 6 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 7 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 8 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 9 viable viable JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 10 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 11 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 12 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 13 recovered recover VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 14 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 15 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 16 tissue tissue NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 17 culture culture NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 18 supernatants supernatant NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 20 139 139 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 21 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 22 166 166 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 24 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 25 then then RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 26 amplified amplify VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 27 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 28 either either DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 29 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 30 eggs egg NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 31 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 32 FDA FDA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 33 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 34 approved approve VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 35 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 36 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 37 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 38 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 40 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 41 4 4 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 43 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 253 44 _SP cord-002407-25cawzi0 254 1 For for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 254 2 many many JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 254 3 years year NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 254 4 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 254 5 IIVs iiv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 254 6 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 254 7 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 254 8 produced produce VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 254 9 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 254 10 reassortment reassortment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 254 11 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 254 12 eggs egg NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 254 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 254 14 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 254 15 2 2 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 254 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 254 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 254 18 90 90 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 254 19 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 254 20 98 98 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 254 21 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 254 22 122 122 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 254 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 254 24 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 1 However however RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 3 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 4 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 5 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 6 desired desire VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 7 genotype genotype NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 9 six six CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 10 internal internal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 11 genes gene NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 12 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 13 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 14 high high JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 15 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 16 growth growth NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 17 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 18 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 19 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 20 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 21 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 22 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 23 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 24 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 25 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 26 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 27 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 28 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 30 could could MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 31 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 32 produced produce VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 33 easily easily RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 34 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 35 more more RBR cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 36 quickly quickly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 37 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 38 implementing implement VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 39 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 40 genetics genetics NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 41 approaches approach NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 255 42 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 1 This this DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 2 process process NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 3 would would MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 4 overcome overcome VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 5 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 6 need need NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 7 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 8 chicken chicken NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 9 embryonated embryonate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 10 eggs egg NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 11 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 12 generate generate VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 13 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 14 desired desire VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 15 reassortant reassortant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 16 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 17 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 18 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 19 therefore therefore RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 20 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 21 minimizing minimize VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 22 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 23 time time NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 24 associated associate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 25 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 26 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 27 selection selection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 28 process process NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 29 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 30 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 31 reassortant reassortant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 32 IIV IIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 34 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 35 4A 4a CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 256 37 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 4 improvements improvement NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 5 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 6 surveillance surveillance NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 7 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 8 as as RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 9 well well RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 10 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 11 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 12 de de NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 13 novo novo NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 14 gene gene NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 15 synthesis synthesis NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 16 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 17 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 18 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 19 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 20 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 21 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 22 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 23 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 24 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 25 segments segment NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 26 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 27 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 28 selected select VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 29 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 30 could could MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 31 reduce reduce VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 32 considerably considerably RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 33 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 34 time time NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 35 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 36 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 37 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 257 38 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 1 Although although IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 2 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 3 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 4 genetics genetic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 5 could could MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 6 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 7 useful useful JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 8 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 9 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 10 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 11 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 12 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 13 seed seed NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 14 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 15 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 16 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 17 date date NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 18 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 20 has have VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 21 not not RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 22 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 23 possible possible JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 24 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 25 predict predict VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 26 which which WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 27 gene gene NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 28 segment(s segment(s NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 30 constellations constellation NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 31 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 32 required require VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 33 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 34 efficient efficient JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 35 growth growth NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 36 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 37 different different JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 38 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 39 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 258 40 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 4 time time NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 5 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 6 produce produce VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 7 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 8 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 9 using use VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 10 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 11 genetics genetic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 12 versus versus IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 13 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 14 time time NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 15 needed need VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 16 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 17 generate generate VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 18 them -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 19 using use VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 20 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 21 classical classical JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 22 reassortment reassortment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 23 approach approach NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 24 could could MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 25 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 26 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 27 major major JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 28 consideration consideration NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 29 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 30 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 31 cost cost NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 32 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 33 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 34 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 35 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 36 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 37 manufacturing manufacturing NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 259 38 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 1 Thus thus RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 4 traditional traditional JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 5 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 6 reassortment reassortment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 7 has have VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 8 remained remain VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 9 preferred preferred JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 10 because because IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 12 allows allow VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 13 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 14 generation generation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 15 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 16 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 17 number number NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 18 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 19 diverse diverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 20 gene(s gene(s NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 22 combinations combination NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 23 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 24 order order NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 25 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 26 select select VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 27 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 28 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 29 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 30 better well JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 31 fitness fitness NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 33 98 98 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 260 35 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 261 1 During during IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 261 2 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 261 3 last last JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 261 4 few few JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 261 5 decades decade NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 261 6 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 261 7 considerable considerable JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 261 8 improvements improvement NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 261 9 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 261 10 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 261 11 accomplished accomplish VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 261 12 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 261 13 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 261 14 development development NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 261 15 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 261 16 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 261 17 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 261 18 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 262 1 However however RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 262 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 262 3 novel novel NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 262 4 approaches approach NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 262 5 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 262 6 increase increase VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 262 7 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 262 8 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 262 9 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 262 10 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 262 11 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 262 12 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 262 13 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 262 14 needed need VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 262 15 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 263 1 Reverse reverse VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 263 2 genetics genetics NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 263 3 technologies technology NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 263 4 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 263 5 proven prove VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 263 6 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 263 7 valuable valuable JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 263 8 tool tool NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 263 9 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 263 10 develop develop VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 263 11 reassortant reassortant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 263 12 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 263 13 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 263 14 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 263 15 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 263 16 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 263 17 LAIV LAIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 263 18 candidates candidate NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 263 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 263 20 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 263 21 4B 4b CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 263 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 263 23 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 1 Currently currently RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 3 seed seed NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 4 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 5 containing contain VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 6 six six CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 7 gene gene NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 8 segments segment NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 9 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 10 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 11 MDV MDV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 12 A A NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 13 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 14 Ann Ann NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 15 Arbor/6/60 Arbor/6/60 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 17 H2N2 H2N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 19 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 20 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 21 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 22 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 23 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 24 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 25 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 26 selected select VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 27 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 28 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 29 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 30 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 31 quickly quickly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 32 generated generate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 33 using use VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 34 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 35 genetics genetics NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 36 systems system NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 38 98 98 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 39 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 40 131 131 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 264 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 265 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 265 2 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 265 3 4B 4b CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 265 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 265 5 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 2 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 3 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 4 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 5 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 6 selected select VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 7 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 8 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 9 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 10 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 11 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 12 amplified amplify VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 13 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 14 RT RT NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 15 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 16 PCR PCR NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 17 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 18 quickly quickly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 19 chemically chemically RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 20 synthetized synthetize VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 21 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 22 then then RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 23 cloned clone VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 24 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 25 ambisense ambisense NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 26 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 27 used use VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 28 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 29 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 30 rescue rescue NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 266 31 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 1 This this DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 2 technology technology NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 3 could could MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 4 speed speed VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 5 up up RP cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 6 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 7 development development NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 8 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 9 new new JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 10 LAIVs laiv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 11 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 12 bypassing bypass VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 13 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 14 need need NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 15 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 16 isolate isolate VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 17 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 18 exact exact JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 19 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 20 reassortment reassortment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 21 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 22 eggs egg NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 24 Figure figure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 25 2 2 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 267 27 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 268 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 268 2 best good JJS cord-002407-25cawzi0 268 3 way way NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 268 4 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 268 5 combat combat VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 268 6 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 268 7 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 268 8 infection infection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 268 9 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 268 10 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 268 11 prevent prevent VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 268 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 268 13 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 269 1 Thus thus RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 269 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 269 3 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 269 4 urgent urgent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 269 5 need need NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 269 6 exists exist VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 269 7 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 269 8 develop develop VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 269 9 novel novel JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 269 10 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 269 11 more more RBR cord-002407-25cawzi0 269 12 effective effective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 269 13 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 269 14 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 269 15 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 1 Plasmid plasmid NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 2 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 3 based base VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 4 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 5 genetic genetic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 6 technologies technology NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 7 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 8 allowed allow VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 9 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 10 engineering engineering NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 11 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 12 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 13 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 14 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 15 that that WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 16 contain contain VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 17 single single JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 18 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 19 multiple multiple JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 20 mutations mutation NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 21 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 22 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 23 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 24 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 25 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 26 which which WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 27 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 28 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 29 potentially potentially RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 30 implemented implement VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 31 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 32 novel novel JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 33 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 34 improved improved JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 35 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 36 approaches approach NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 270 37 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 271 1 In in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 271 2 fact fact NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 271 3 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 271 4 several several JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 271 5 novel novel JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 271 6 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 271 7 candidates candidate NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 271 8 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 271 9 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 271 10 developed develop VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 271 11 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 271 12 promising promising JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 271 13 results result NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 271 14 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 271 15 animal animal NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 271 16 models model NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 271 17 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 271 18 experimentation experimentation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 271 19 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 272 1 Here here RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 272 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 272 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 272 4 review review VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 272 5 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 272 6 discuss discuss VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 272 7 some some DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 272 8 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 272 9 them -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 272 10 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 1 Because because IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 2 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 3 NS1 ns1 NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 4 's 's POS cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 5 ability ability NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 6 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 7 hijack hijack VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 8 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 9 host host NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 10 innate innate JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 11 immune immune JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 12 IFN IFN NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 13 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 14 I I NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 15 response response NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 16 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 17 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 18 variety variety NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 19 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 20 potential potential JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 21 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 22 strategies strategy NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 23 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 24 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 25 developed develop VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 26 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 27 which which WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 28 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 29 based base VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 30 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 31 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 32 use use NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 33 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 34 modified modify VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 35 NS1 ns1 NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 36 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 37 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 38 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 39 means means NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 40 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 41 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 42 attenuation attenuation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 44 167 167 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 273 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 274 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 274 2 168 168 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 274 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 274 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 274 5 169 169 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 274 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 275 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 275 2 170 170 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 275 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 275 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 275 5 171 171 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 275 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 275 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 275 8 172 172 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 275 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 275 10 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 1 Equine equine JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 2 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 3 170 170 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 4 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 5 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 6 swine swine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 8 169 169 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 9 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 10 173 173 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 11 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 12 174 174 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 14 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 15 avian avian JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 17 167 167 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 18 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 19 175 175 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 20 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 21 176 176 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 23 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 24 canine canine JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 26 177 177 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 28 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 29 human human JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 31 178 178 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 32 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 33 179 179 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 35 IAVs iav NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 36 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 37 partial partial JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 38 truncations truncation NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 39 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 40 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 41 deletions deletion NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 42 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 43 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 44 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 45 NS1 ns1 NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 46 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 47 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 48 all all DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 49 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 50 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 51 vitro vitro FW cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 52 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 53 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 54 vivo vivo NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 55 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 56 167 167 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 57 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 58 169 169 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 59 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 60 170 170 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 61 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 62 179 179 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 63 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 276 64 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 277 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 277 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 277 3 these these DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 277 4 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 277 5 IAVs iav NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 277 6 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 277 7 induce induce VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 277 8 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 277 9 protective protective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 277 10 immune immune JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 277 11 response response NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 277 12 upon upon IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 277 13 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 277 14 single single JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 277 15 intranasal intranasal NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 277 16 vaccination vaccination NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 277 17 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 277 18 mice mouse NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 277 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 277 20 177 177 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 277 21 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 277 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 277 23 179 179 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 277 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 2 180 180 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 5 181 181 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 7 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 8 horses horse NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 9 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 10 170 170 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 11 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 12 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 13 pigs pig NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 15 169 169 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 16 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 17 173 173 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 18 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 19 174 174 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 21 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 22 birds bird NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 24 167 167 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 25 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 26 175 175 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 27 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 28 176 176 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 30 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 31 macaques macaque NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 33 178 178 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 278 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 279 1 ; ; : cord-002407-25cawzi0 279 2 therefore therefore RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 279 3 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 279 4 they -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 279 5 represent represent VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 279 6 excellent excellent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 279 7 LAIV LAIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 279 8 candidates candidate NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 279 9 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 279 10 prevent prevent VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 279 11 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 279 12 infections infection NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 279 13 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 280 1 In in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 280 2 addition addition NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 280 3 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 280 4 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 280 5 similar similar JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 280 6 approach approach NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 280 7 has have VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 280 8 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 280 9 employed employ VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 280 10 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 280 11 develop develop VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 280 12 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 280 13 IBVs ibv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 280 14 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 280 15 similar similar JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 280 16 results result NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 280 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 280 18 180 180 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 280 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 280 20 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 281 1 Mice mouse NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 281 2 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 281 3 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 281 4 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 281 5 NS1-truncated ns1-truncated JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 281 6 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 281 7 -deleted -deleted JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 281 8 mutants mutant NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 281 9 elicited elicit VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 281 10 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 281 11 antibody antibody NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 281 12 response response NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 281 13 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 281 14 showed show VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 281 15 protection protection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 281 16 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 281 17 WT WT NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 281 18 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 281 19 challenge challenge NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 281 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 281 21 180 180 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 281 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 281 23 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 1 Thus thus RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 3 these these DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 4 NS1-truncated ns1-truncate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 5 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 6 A a NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 7 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 8 B b NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 9 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 10 represent represent VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 11 excellent excellent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 12 candidates candidate NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 13 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 14 safe safe JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 15 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 16 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 17 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 18 protective protective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 19 LAIVs laiv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 20 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 21 multiple multiple JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 22 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 23 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 24 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 25 different different JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 26 animal animal NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 27 models model NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 282 28 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 283 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 283 2 genetic genetic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 283 3 code code NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 283 4 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 283 5 animals animal NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 283 6 encodes encode VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 283 7 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 283 8 20 20 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 283 9 different different JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 283 10 amino amino NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 283 11 acids acid NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 283 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 283 13 aa aa NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 283 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 283 15 using use VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 283 16 61 61 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 283 17 codons codon NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 283 18 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 1 This this DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 2 degeneracy degeneracy NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 4 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 5 genetic genetic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 6 code code NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 7 allows allow VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 8 amino amino JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 9 acids acid NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 10 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 11 except except IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 12 tryptophan tryptophan NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 14 W w NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 16 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 17 methionine methionine FW cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 19 M M NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 21 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 22 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 23 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 24 encoded encode VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 25 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 26 more more JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 27 than than IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 28 one one CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 29 synonymous synonymous JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 30 codon codon NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 32 46 46 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 284 34 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 285 1 Viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 285 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 285 3 including include VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 285 4 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 285 5 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 285 6 rely rely VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 285 7 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 285 8 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 285 9 host host NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 285 10 cell cell NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 285 11 translation translation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 285 12 machinery machinery NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 285 13 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 285 14 synthesize synthesize VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 285 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 285 16 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 285 17 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 285 18 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 285 19 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 285 20 formation formation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 285 21 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 285 22 infectious infectious JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 285 23 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 285 24 progeny progeny NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 285 25 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 286 1 As as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 286 2 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 286 3 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 286 4 consequence consequence NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 286 5 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 286 6 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 286 7 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 286 8 modified modify VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 286 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 286 10 codon codon NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 286 11 usage usage NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 286 12 according accord VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 286 13 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 286 14 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 286 15 host host NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 286 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 286 17 infect infect VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 286 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 286 19 182 182 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 286 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 286 21 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 287 1 Experimentally experimentally RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 287 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 287 3 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 287 4 synthesis synthesis NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 287 5 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 287 6 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 287 7 downregulated downregulate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 287 8 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 287 9 synthetically synthetically RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 287 10 deoptimizing deoptimize VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 287 11 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 287 12 codon codon NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 287 13 usage usage NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 287 14 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 287 15 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 287 16 gene gene NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 287 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 287 18 141 141 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 287 19 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 287 20 182 182 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 287 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 287 22 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 2 generation generation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 4 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 5 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 6 containing contain VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 7 genes gene NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 8 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 9 deoptimized deoptimize VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 10 codons codon NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 11 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 12 now now RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 13 feasible feasible JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 15 141 141 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 16 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 17 182 182 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 19 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 20 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 22 level level NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 23 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 24 attenuation attenuation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 25 depends depend VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 26 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 27 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 28 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 29 gene gene NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 30 targeted target VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 31 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 32 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 33 number number NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 34 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 35 codon codon NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 36 changes change NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 37 made make VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 38 during during IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 39 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 40 codon codon NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 41 deoptimization deoptimization NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 42 process process NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 44 182 182 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 288 46 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 1 For for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 2 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 3 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 4 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 5 many many JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 6 regions region NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 7 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 8 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 9 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 10 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 11 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 12 not not RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 13 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 14 altered alter VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 15 because because IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 16 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 18 important important JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 19 role role NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 20 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 21 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 22 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 23 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 24 transcription transcription NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 26 e.g. e.g. RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 27 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 28 NCRs NCRs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 30 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 31 packaging packaging NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 33 e.g. e.g. RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 34 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 35 packaging packaging NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 36 signals signal NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 38 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 39 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 40 presence presence NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 41 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 42 multiple multiple JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 43 overlapping overlap VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 44 ORFs orfs NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 46 e.g. e.g. RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 47 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 48 segments segment NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 49 7 7 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 50 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 51 8) 8) NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 52 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 53 etc etc FW cord-002407-25cawzi0 289 54 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 290 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 290 2 48 48 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 290 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 290 4 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 1 To to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 2 date date NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 3 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 4 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 5 IAVs iav NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 6 that that WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 7 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 8 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 9 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 10 using use VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 11 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 12 codon codon NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 13 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 14 pair pair NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 16 183 183 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 17 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 18 184 184 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 20 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 21 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 22 codon codon NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 23 bias bias NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 25 182 182 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 27 deoptimization deoptimization NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 28 approach approach NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 29 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 30 decrease decrease VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 31 expression expression NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 32 levels level NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 33 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 34 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 35 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 36 PB1 pb1 NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 37 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 38 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 39 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 40 NP NP NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 42 183 183 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 44 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 45 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 46 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 47 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 49 184 184 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 51 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 52 NS1 NS1 NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 53 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 54 NEP NEP NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 55 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 56 182 182 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 57 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 58 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 59 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 60 generated generate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 291 61 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 3 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 4 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 5 generated generate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 6 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 7 codon codon NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 8 deoptimization deoptimization NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 9 showed show VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 10 similar similar JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 11 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 12 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 13 kinetics kinetic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 14 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 15 WT WT NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 16 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 17 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 18 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 19 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 20 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 21 which which WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 22 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 23 important important JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 24 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 25 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 26 effective effective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 27 use use NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 28 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 29 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 30 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 292 31 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 1 However however RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 3 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 4 date date NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 5 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 6 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 7 ability ability NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 8 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 9 these these DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 10 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 11 IAVs iav NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 12 containing contain VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 13 codon codon NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 14 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 15 pair pair NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 16 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 17 codon codon NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 18 bias bias NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 19 deoptimized deoptimize VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 20 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 21 segments segment NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 22 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 23 replicate replicate VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 24 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 25 eggs egg NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 26 has have VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 27 not not RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 28 yet yet RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 29 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 30 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 293 31 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 3 all all DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 4 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 5 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 6 codon codon NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 7 deoptimized deoptimize VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 8 IAVs iav NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 9 were be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 10 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 11 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 12 mice mouse NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 13 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 14 able able JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 15 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 16 provide provide VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 17 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 18 upon upon IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 19 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 20 single single JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 21 immunization immunization NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 22 dose dose NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 23 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 24 protection protection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 25 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 26 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 27 lethal lethal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 28 challenge challenge NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 29 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 30 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 31 WT WT NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 32 form form NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 33 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 34 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 35 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 36 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 37 showing show VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 38 that that IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 39 LAIVs laiv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 40 were be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 41 safe safe JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 42 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 43 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 44 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 45 protective protective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 294 46 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 1 However however RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 3 mice mouse NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 4 do do VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 5 not not RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 6 accurately accurately RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 7 reflect reflect VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 8 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 9 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 10 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 11 immunological immunological JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 12 responses response NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 13 seen see VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 14 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 15 humans human NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 17 81 81 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 19 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 20 do do VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 21 not not RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 22 have have VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 23 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 24 same same JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 25 codon codon NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 26 usage usage NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 27 bias bias NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 28 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 29 humans human NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 295 30 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 3 studies study NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 4 aimed aim VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 5 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 6 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 7 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 8 safety safety NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 9 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 10 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 11 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 12 protection protection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 13 efficacy efficacy NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 14 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 15 codon codon NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 16 deoptimized deoptimize VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 17 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 18 IAVs iav NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 19 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 20 other other JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 21 well well RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 22 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 23 established establish VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 24 animal animal NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 25 models model NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 26 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 27 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 29 e.g. e.g. RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 30 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 31 guinea guinea NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 32 pigs pig NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 33 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 34 ferrets ferret NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 35 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 36 nonhuman nonhuman NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 37 primates primate NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 39 could could MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 40 lead lead VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 41 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 42 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 43 implementation implementation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 44 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 45 LAIVs laiv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 46 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 47 future future JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 48 vaccinations vaccination NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 49 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 50 141 141 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 296 52 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 297 1 Other other JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 297 2 promising promising JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 297 3 approaches approach NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 297 4 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 297 5 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 297 6 development development NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 297 7 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 297 8 LAIVs laiv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 297 9 relate relate VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 297 10 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 297 11 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 297 12 use use NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 297 13 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 297 14 sciIAVs sciIAVs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 297 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 297 16 144 144 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 297 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 297 18 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 1 SciIAVs sciiav NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 2 based base VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 3 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 4 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 5 safety safety NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 6 profile profile NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 7 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 8 ability ability NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 9 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 10 elicit elicit VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 11 protective protective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 12 humoral humoral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 13 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 14 cellular cellular JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 15 responses response NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 16 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 17 protective protective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 18 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 19 represent represent VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 20 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 21 feasible feasible JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 22 alternative alternative NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 23 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 24 current current JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 25 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 26 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 27 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 28 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 29 treatment treatment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 30 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 31 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 32 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 33 infections infection NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 35 69 69 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 36 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 37 144 144 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 298 39 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 299 1 However however RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 299 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 299 3 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 299 4 date date NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 299 5 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 299 6 no no DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 299 7 single single JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 299 8 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 299 9 cycle cycle NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 299 10 infectious infectious JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 299 11 IBVs ibv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 299 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 299 13 sciIBV sciIBV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 299 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 299 15 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 299 16 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 299 17 reported report VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 299 18 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 1 When when WRB cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 2 delivered deliver VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 3 intranasally intranasally RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 4 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 5 sciIAV sciIAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 6 has have VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 7 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 8 shown show VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 9 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 10 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 11 safe safe JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 12 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 13 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 14 mouse mouse NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 15 model model NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 16 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 17 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 18 infection infection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 19 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 20 without without IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 21 signs sign NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 22 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 23 illness illness NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 24 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 25 mortality mortality NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 27 69 69 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 28 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 30 185 185 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 33 186 186 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 36 187 187 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 39 188 188 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 42 189 189 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 300 44 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 3 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 4 similar similar JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 5 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 6 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 7 current current JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 8 LAIVs laiv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 9 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 10 intranasal intranasal NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 11 immunization immunization NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 12 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 13 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 14 single single JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 15 dose dose NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 16 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 17 sciIAVs sciIAVs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 18 elicited elicit VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 19 localized localize VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 20 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 21 immune immune JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 22 responses response NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 23 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 24 recruitment recruitment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 25 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 26 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 27 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 28 specific specific JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 29 CD8 CD8 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 30 T T NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 31 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 32 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 33 into into IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 34 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 35 lungs lung NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 36 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 37 vaccinated vaccinated JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 38 animals animal NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 40 145 145 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 41 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 42 185 185 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 43 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 44 186 186 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 45 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 46 190 190 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 48 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 49 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 50 latest late JJS cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 51 being be VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 52 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 53 main main JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 54 contributor contributor NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 55 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 56 immunity immunity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 57 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 58 challenge challenge NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 59 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 60 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 61 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 62 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 63 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 64 69 69 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 65 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 66 190 190 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 67 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 301 68 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 302 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 302 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 302 3 sciIAVs sciIAVs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 302 4 protected protect VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 302 5 mice mouse NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 302 6 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 302 7 lethal lethal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 302 8 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 302 9 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 302 10 challenges challenge VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 302 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 302 12 69 69 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 302 13 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 302 14 144 144 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 302 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 302 16 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 303 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 303 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 303 3 similar similar JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 303 4 safety safety NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 303 5 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 303 6 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 303 7 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 303 8 protection protection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 303 9 efficacy efficacy NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 303 10 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 303 11 sciIAVs sciIAVs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 303 12 were be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 303 13 observed observe VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 303 14 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 303 15 ferrets ferret NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 303 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 303 17 69 69 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 303 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 303 19 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 304 1 Vaccination vaccination NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 304 2 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 304 3 pigs pig NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 304 4 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 304 5 sciIAV sciIAV NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 304 6 has have VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 304 7 also also RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 304 8 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 304 9 shown show VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 304 10 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 304 11 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 304 12 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 304 13 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 304 14 protective protective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 304 15 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 304 16 challenge challenge NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 304 17 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 304 18 swine swine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 304 19 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 304 20 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 304 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 304 22 191 191 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 304 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 304 24 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 305 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 305 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 305 3 sciIAVs sciIAVs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 305 4 expressing express VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 305 5 foreign foreign JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 305 6 genes gene NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 305 7 represent represent VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 305 8 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 305 9 excellent excellent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 305 10 option option NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 305 11 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 305 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 305 13 implementation implementation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 305 14 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 305 15 bivalent bivalent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 305 16 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 305 17 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 1 For for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 2 instance instance NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 3 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 4 sciIAVs sciIAVs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 5 expressing express VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 6 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 7 surface surface NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 8 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 9 A A NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 11 PspA PspA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 13 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 14 Streptococcus Streptococcus NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 15 pneumoniae pneumoniae NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 16 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 17 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 18 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 19 - - , cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 20 neuraminidase neuraminidase FW cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 22 HN HN NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 24 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 25 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 26 HPIV-3 HPIV-3 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 27 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 28 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 29 fusion fusion NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 31 F F NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 33 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 34 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 35 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 36 syncytial syncytial JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 37 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 39 RSV RSV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 42 192 192 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 45 193 193 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 47 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 48 194 194 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 49 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 50 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 51 were be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 52 able able JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 53 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 54 induced induced VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 55 Abs Abs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 56 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 57 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 58 foreign foreign JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 59 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 60 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 61 reduced reduce VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 62 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 63 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 64 load load NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 65 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 66 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 67 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 68 pathogen pathogen NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 69 while while IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 70 retaining retain VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 71 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 72 ability ability NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 73 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 74 protect protect VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 75 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 76 challenge challenge NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 77 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 78 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 306 79 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 2 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 3 worth worth JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 4 indicating indicate VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 5 that that IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 6 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 7 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 8 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 9 purposes purpose NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 10 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 12 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 13 important important JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 14 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 15 consider consider VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 16 what what WP cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 17 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 18 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 19 gene gene NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 20 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 21 replaced replace VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 22 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 23 since since IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 25 was be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 26 shown show VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 27 that that IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 28 sciIAV sciIAV VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 29 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 30 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 31 required require VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 32 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 33 protection protection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 35 69 69 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 36 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 37 185 185 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 38 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 39 189 189 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 307 41 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 1 Although although IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 2 substitution substitution NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 4 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 5 polymerase polymerase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 7 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 8 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 9 PB1 PB1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 10 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 11 PA PA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 13 segments segment NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 14 may may MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 15 allow allow VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 16 insertion insertion NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 17 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 18 larger large JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 19 foreign foreign JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 20 genes gene NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 21 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 22 removing remove VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 23 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 24 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 25 polymerase polymerase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 26 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 27 sciIAVs sciIAVs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 28 limits limit VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 29 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 30 ability ability NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 31 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 32 express express VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 33 more more JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 34 polymerase polymerase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 35 during during IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 36 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 37 single single JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 38 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 39 cycle cycle NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 40 round round NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 41 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 42 infection infection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 43 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 44 decreasing decrease VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 45 total total JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 46 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 47 antigens antigen NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 48 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 49 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 50 thus thus RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 51 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 52 limiting limit VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 53 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 54 protective protective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 55 efficacy efficacy NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 308 56 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 1 Thus thus RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 3 sciIAVs sciIAVs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 4 where where WRB cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 5 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 6 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 7 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 8 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 9 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 10 has have VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 11 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 12 removed remove VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 13 were be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 14 able able JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 15 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 16 confer confer VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 17 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 18 upon upon IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 19 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 20 single single JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 21 immunization immunization NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 22 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 23 protection protection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 24 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 25 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 26 lethal lethal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 27 challenge challenge NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 28 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 29 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 309 30 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 310 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 310 2 190 190 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 310 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 310 4 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 1 On on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 2 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 3 contrary contrary NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 4 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 5 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 6 single single JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 7 dose dose NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 8 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 9 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 10 sciIAV sciIAV NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 11 where where WRB cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 12 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 13 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 14 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 15 has have VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 16 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 17 removed remove VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 18 was be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 19 only only RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 20 as as RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 21 efficacious efficacious JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 22 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 23 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 24 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 25 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 27 189 189 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 311 29 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 2 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 3 worth worth JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 4 noting note VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 5 that that IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 6 sciIAVs sciIAVs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 7 combine combine VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 8 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 9 advantages advantage NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 11 better well JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 12 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 13 properties property NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 14 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 15 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 16 LAIV LAIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 17 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 18 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 19 safety safety NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 20 profile profile NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 21 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 22 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 23 IIV IIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 25 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 26 circumvent circumvent VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 27 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 28 disadvantages disadvantage NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 30 safety safety NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 31 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 32 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 33 LAIV LAIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 34 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 35 poor poor JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 36 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 37 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 38 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 39 IIV IIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 41 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 42 current current JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 43 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 44 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 45 approaches approach VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 47 144 144 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 312 49 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 1 While while IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 2 sciIAVs sciIAVs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 3 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 4 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 5 shown show VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 6 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 7 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 8 safe safe JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 9 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 10 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 11 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 12 protective protective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 13 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 14 lethal lethal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 15 challenges challenge NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 16 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 17 wild wild JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 18 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 19 type type NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 20 forms form NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 21 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 22 IAVs iav NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 23 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 24 animal animal NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 25 studies study NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 26 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 27 no no DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 28 human human JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 29 trials trial NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 30 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 31 yet yet RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 32 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 33 performed perform VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 313 34 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 1 More more RBR cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 2 recently recently RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 3 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 4 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 5 rearrangement rearrangement NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 6 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 7 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 8 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 9 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 10 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 11 has have VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 12 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 13 shown show VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 14 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 15 have have VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 16 great great JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 17 potential potential NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 18 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 19 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 20 development development NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 21 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 22 improved improved JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 23 LAIVs laiv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 24 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 25 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 26 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 27 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 28 as as RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 29 well well RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 30 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 31 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 32 vectors vector NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 33 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 34 other other JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 35 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 37 195 195 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 38 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 39 196 196 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 314 41 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 315 1 Avian avian JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 315 2 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 315 3 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 315 4 subtypes subtype NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 315 5 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 315 6 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 315 7 H9N2 H9N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 315 8 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 315 9 pandemic pandemic NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 315 10 potential potential JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 315 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 315 12 197 197 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 315 13 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 315 14 198 198 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 315 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 315 16 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 1 However however RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 3 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 4 IIV IIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 5 induces induce VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 6 limited limited JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 7 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 8 immune immune JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 9 responses response NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 10 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 11 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 12 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 13 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 14 case case NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 15 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 16 LAIV LAIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 17 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 18 there there EX cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 19 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 20 safety safety NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 21 concerns concern NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 22 about about IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 23 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 24 possibility possibility NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 25 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 26 reassortment reassortment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 27 between between IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 28 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 29 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 30 segments segment NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 31 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 32 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 33 LAIV LAIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 34 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 35 circulating circulate VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 36 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 37 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 316 38 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 317 1 To to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 317 2 overcome overcome VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 317 3 these these DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 317 4 concerns concern NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 317 5 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 317 6 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 317 7 bivalent bivalent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 317 8 LAIV LAIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 317 9 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 317 10 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 317 11 A a NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 318 1 /Vietnam/120320/04 /Vietnam/120320/04 : cord-002407-25cawzi0 318 2 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 318 3 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 318 4 A A NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 318 5 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 318 6 Guinea Guinea NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 318 7 fowl/ fowl/ NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 319 1 Hong Hong NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 319 2 Kong Kong NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 319 3 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 319 4 WF10/1999 WF10/1999 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 319 5 H9N2 H9N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 319 6 was be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 319 7 generated generate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 319 8 using use VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 319 9 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 319 10 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 319 11 rearrangement rearrangement NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 319 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 319 13 195 195 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 319 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 319 15 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 1 To to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 2 that that DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 3 end end NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 4 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 5 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 6 NEP nep NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 7 was be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 8 removed remove VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 9 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 10 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 11 NS NS NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 12 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 13 segment segment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 14 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 15 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 16 H9N2 H9N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 17 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 18 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 19 substituted substitute VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 20 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 21 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 22 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 23 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 24 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 25 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 26 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 320 27 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 321 1 H9N2 H9N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 321 2 NS1 NS1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 321 3 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 321 4 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 321 5 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 321 6 were be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 321 7 separated separate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 321 8 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 321 9 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 321 10 foot foot NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 321 11 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 321 12 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 321 13 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 321 14 mouth mouth NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 321 15 disease disease NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 321 16 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 321 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 321 18 FMDV FMDV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 321 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 322 1 2A 2A NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 322 2 autocleavage autocleavage NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 322 3 site site NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 322 4 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 322 5 allow allow VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 322 6 co co JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 322 7 - - JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 322 8 linear linear JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 322 9 expression expression NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 322 10 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 322 11 both both DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 322 12 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 322 13 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 322 14 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 323 1 Then then RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 323 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 323 3 NEP NEP NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 323 4 was be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 323 5 cloned clone VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 323 6 down down IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 323 7 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 323 8 strain strain NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 323 9 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 323 10 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 323 11 H9N2 H9N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 323 12 PB1 pb1 NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 323 13 segment segment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 323 14 separated separate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 323 15 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 323 16 another another DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 323 17 FMDV FMDV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 323 18 2A 2a CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 323 19 autocleavage autocleavage NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 323 20 site site NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 323 21 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 2 rearranged rearrange VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 3 H9N2 H9N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 4 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 5 expressing express VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 6 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 7 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 8 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 9 was be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 10 able able JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 11 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 12 provide provide VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 13 complete complete JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 14 protection protection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 15 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 16 challenge challenge NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 17 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 18 A A NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 19 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 20 Vietnam/1203/2004 Vietnam/1203/2004 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 21 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 22 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 23 also also RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 24 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 25 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 26 potential potential JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 27 pandemic pandemic NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 28 H9 h9 NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 324 29 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 325 1 pH1N1 pH1N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 326 1 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 326 2 reassortant reassortant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 326 3 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 326 4 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 326 5 both both DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 326 6 mice mouse NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 326 7 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 326 8 ferrets ferret NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 326 9 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 326 10 195 195 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 326 11 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 326 12 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 1 Segments segment NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 2 7 7 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 4 M M NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 6 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 7 8 8 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 9 NS NS NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 11 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 12 IAVs iav NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 13 use use VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 14 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 15 alternative alternative JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 16 splicing splicing NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 17 mechanism mechanism NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 18 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 19 express express VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 20 two two CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 21 different different JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 22 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 23 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 24 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 25 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 26 same same JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 27 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 28 segment segment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 327 29 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 328 1 Recently recently RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 328 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 328 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 328 4 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 328 5 generated generate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 328 6 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 328 7 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 328 8 A A NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 328 9 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 328 10 Puerto Puerto NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 328 11 Rico/8/34 Rico/8/34 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 328 12 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 328 13 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 328 14 containing contain VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 328 15 modified modify VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 328 16 M M NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 328 17 and/or and/or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 328 18 NS NS NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 328 19 segments segment NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 328 20 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 329 1 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 329 2 which which WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 329 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 329 4 overlapping overlap VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 329 5 ORFs orfs NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 329 6 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 329 7 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 329 8 M1 M1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 329 9 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 329 10 M2 M2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 329 11 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 329 12 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 329 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 329 14 M M NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 329 15 segment segment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 329 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 329 17 and/or and/or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 329 18 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 329 19 NS1 ns1 NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 329 20 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 329 21 NEP nep NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 329 22 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 330 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 330 2 NS NS NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 330 3 segment segment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 330 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 330 5 were be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 330 6 separated separate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 330 7 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 330 8 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 330 9 porcine porcine JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 330 10 teschovirus teschovirus NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 330 11 1 1 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 330 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 330 13 PTV-1 PTV-1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 330 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 330 15 2A 2a CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 330 16 autocleavage autocleavage NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 330 17 site site NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 330 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 330 19 196 196 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 330 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 330 21 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 1 Recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 2 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 3 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 4 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 5 rearranged rearrange VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 6 M M NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 7 segment segment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 8 were be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 9 affected affect VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 10 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 11 impaired impair VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 12 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 13 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 14 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 15 vitro vitro FW cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 16 at at IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 17 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 18 temperatures temperature NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 20 37 37 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 21 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 22 39 39 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 23 • • NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 24 C c NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 25 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 26 respectively respectively RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 28 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 29 whereas whereas IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 30 high high JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 31 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 32 titers titer NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 33 were be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 34 obtained obtain VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 35 at at IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 36 permissive permissive JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 37 low low JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 38 temperatures temperature NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 40 33 33 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 41 • • NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 42 C c NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 331 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 332 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 332 2 196 196 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 332 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 332 4 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 1 Notably notably RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 3 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 4 containing contain VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 5 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 6 M M NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 7 split split NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 8 segment segment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 9 were be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 10 highly highly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 11 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 12 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 13 vivo vivo NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 14 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 15 but but CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 16 able able JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 17 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 18 confer confer VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 19 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 20 upon upon IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 21 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 22 single single JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 23 immunization immunization NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 24 dose dose NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 25 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 26 complete complete JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 27 protection protection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 28 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 29 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 30 lethal lethal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 31 homologous homologous JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 32 challenge challenge NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 33 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 34 wild wild JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 35 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 36 type type NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 37 PR8 pr8 NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 39 196 196 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 333 41 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 3 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 4 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 5 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 6 reorganized reorganize VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 7 M M NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 8 segment segment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 9 were be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 10 able able JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 11 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 12 confer confer VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 13 better well JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 14 protection protection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 15 than than IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 16 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 17 temperature temperature NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 18 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 19 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 20 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 21 LAIV LAIV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 22 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 23 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 25 103 103 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 26 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 27 104 104 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 28 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 29 115 115 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 30 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 31 196 196 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 334 33 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 335 1 These these DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 335 2 studies study NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 335 3 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 335 4 that that IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 335 5 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 335 6 rearrangement rearrangement NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 335 7 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 335 8 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 335 9 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 335 10 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 335 11 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 335 12 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 335 13 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 335 14 used use VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 335 15 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 335 16 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 335 17 generation generation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 335 18 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 335 19 safe safe JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 335 20 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 335 21 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 335 22 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 335 23 protective protective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 335 24 LAIVs laiv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 335 25 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 1 Current current JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 2 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 3 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 4 induce induce VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 5 immunity immunity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 6 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 7 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 8 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 9 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 10 strain strain NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 11 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 12 specific specific JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 13 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 14 antigen antigen NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 15 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 16 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 17 not not RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 18 very very RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 19 effective effective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 20 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 21 new new JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 22 pandemic pandemic NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 23 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 24 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 25 given give VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 26 that that IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 27 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 28 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 29 highly highly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 30 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 31 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 32 frequent frequent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 33 changes change NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 34 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 35 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 36 drift drift NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 37 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 38 shift shift VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 40 12 12 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 41 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 42 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 43 44 44 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 336 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 337 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 337 2 45 45 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 337 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 337 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 337 5 46 46 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 337 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 337 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 337 8 74 74 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 337 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 338 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 338 2 75 75 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 338 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 338 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 338 5 76 76 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 338 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 338 7 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 1 To to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 2 overcome overcome VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 3 these these DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 4 drawbacks drawback NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 5 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 6 different different JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 7 approaches approach NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 8 aimed aim VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 9 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 10 develop develop VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 11 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 12 universal universal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 13 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 14 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 15 able able JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 16 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 17 induce induce VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 18 cross cross JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 19 - - JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 20 protective protective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 21 broadly broadly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 22 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 23 immunity immunity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 24 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 25 conserved conserve VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 26 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 27 antigens antigen NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 28 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 29 such such JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 30 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 31 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 32 ectodomain ectodomain NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 33 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 34 M2 M2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 36 M2e m2e NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 39 199 199 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 41 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 42 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 43 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 44 stalk stalk NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 45 domain domain NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 47 200 200 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 49 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 50 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 51 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 52 201 201 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 53 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 54 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 55 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 56 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 57 explored explore VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 339 58 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 340 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 340 2 M2e M2e NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 340 3 antigen antigen NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 340 4 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 340 5 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 340 6 linear linear JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 340 7 peptide peptide NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 340 8 that that WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 340 9 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 340 10 very very RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 340 11 well well RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 340 12 conserved conserve VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 340 13 across across IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 340 14 IAV IAV NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 340 15 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 340 16 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 1 Although although IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 2 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 3 mechanism mechanism NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 4 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 5 M2e m2e NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 6 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 7 specific specific JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 8 immunity immunity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 9 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 10 unclear unclear JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 11 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 12 protective protective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 13 anti anti JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 14 - - JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 15 M2 m2 JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 16 antibodies antibody NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 17 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 18 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 19 observed observe VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 20 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 21 multiple multiple JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 22 animal animal NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 23 models model NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 24 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 25 including include VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 26 mice mouse NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 27 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 28 ferrets ferret NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 29 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 30 primates primate NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 32 36 36 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 341 34 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 342 1 However however RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 342 2 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 342 3 these these DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 342 4 conserved conserve VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 342 5 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 342 6 targets target NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 342 7 need need VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 342 8 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 342 9 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 342 10 presented present VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 342 11 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 342 12 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 342 13 carrier carrier NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 342 14 system system NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 342 15 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 342 16 conjugated conjugate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 342 17 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 342 18 adjuvant adjuvant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 342 19 molecules molecule NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 342 20 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 1 Promising promising JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 2 results result NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 3 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 4 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 5 obtained obtain VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 6 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 7 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 8 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 9 like like JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 10 particles particle NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 12 VLPs VLPs NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 14 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 15 which which WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 16 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 17 morphologically morphologically RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 18 similar similar JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 19 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 20 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 21 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 22 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 23 present present JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 24 surface surface NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 25 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 26 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 27 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 28 highly highly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 29 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 30 form form NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 343 31 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 1 Because because IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 2 VLPs vlp NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 3 do do VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 4 not not RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 5 contain contain VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 6 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 7 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 8 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 9 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 10 they -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 11 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 12 considered consider VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 13 safer safe JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 14 than than IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 15 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 16 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 17 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 18 yet yet CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 19 still still RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 20 induce induce VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 21 strong strong JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 22 humoral humoral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 23 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 24 cellular cellular JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 25 immune immune JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 26 responses response NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 28 202 202 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 344 30 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 1 VLPs vlp NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 2 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 3 most most RBS cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 4 commonly commonly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 5 made make VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 6 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 7 expression expression NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 8 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 9 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 10 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 11 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 12 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 13 M1 M1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 15 203 203 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 16 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 17 204 204 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 19 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 20 although although IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 21 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 22 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 23 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 24 alone alone RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 25 may may MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 26 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 27 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 28 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 29 VLP VLP NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 30 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 32 205 205 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 34 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 345 35 _SP cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 1 Reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 2 genetics genetics NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 3 approaches approach NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 4 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 5 generate generate VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 6 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 7 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 8 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 9 including include VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 10 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 11 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 12 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 13 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 14 described describe VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 15 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 16 representative representative JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 17 family family NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 18 members member NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 19 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 20 negative negative JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 21 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 22 sense sense NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 23 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 24 single single RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 25 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 26 stranded strand VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 27 RNA RNA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 28 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 346 29 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 1 These these DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 2 plasmid plasmid NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 3 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 4 based base VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 5 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 6 genetics genetics NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 7 methods method NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 8 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 9 provided provide VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 10 scientists scientist NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 11 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 12 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 13 unique unique JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 14 opportunity opportunity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 15 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 16 study study VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 17 different different JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 18 aspects aspect NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 19 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 20 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 21 biology biology NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 22 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 23 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 24 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 25 these these DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 26 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 27 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 28 both both CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 29 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 30 vitro vitro FW cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 31 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 32 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 33 vivo vivo NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 34 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 35 as as RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 36 well well RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 37 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 38 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 39 generate generate VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 40 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 41 forms form NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 42 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 43 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 44 used use VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 45 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 46 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 47 [ [ -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 48 135 135 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 49 ] ] -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 347 50 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 348 1 In in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 348 2 this this DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 348 3 review review NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 348 4 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 348 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 348 6 discussed discuss VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 348 7 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 348 8 use use NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 348 9 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 348 10 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 348 11 genetics genetic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 348 12 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 348 13 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 348 14 generation generation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 348 15 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 348 16 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 348 17 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 348 18 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 348 19 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 348 20 special special JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 348 21 focus focus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 348 22 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 348 23 LAIVs laiv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 348 24 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 1 In in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 2 general general JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 3 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 4 LAIVs laiv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 5 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 6 highly highly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 7 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 8 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 9 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 10 immunization immunization NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 11 usually usually RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 12 induces induce VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 13 faster fast RBR cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 14 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 15 substantially substantially RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 16 higher high JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 17 levels level NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 18 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 19 both both DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 20 systemic systemic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 21 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 22 local local JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 23 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 24 antibody antibody NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 25 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 26 T t NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 27 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 28 cell cell NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 29 responses response NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 30 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 31 providing provide VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 32 better well JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 33 protection protection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 34 than than IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 35 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 36 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 37 counterparts counterpart NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 349 38 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 1 Prevention prevention NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 2 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 3 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 4 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 5 infection infection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 6 requires require VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 7 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 8 vaccinations vaccination NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 9 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 10 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 11 identification identification NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 12 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 13 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 14 correct correct JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 15 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 16 subtype subtype NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 17 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 18 include include VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 19 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 20 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 21 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 22 leaves leave VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 23 little little JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 24 time time NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 25 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 26 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 27 development development NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 28 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 29 scale scale VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 30 up up RP cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 31 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 32 distribution distribution NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 350 33 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 1 Although although IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 2 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 3 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 4 work work VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 5 well well RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 6 most most JJS cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 7 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 8 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 9 years year NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 10 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 11 if if IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 12 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 13 new new JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 14 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 15 variant variant NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 16 emerges emerge VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 17 after after IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 18 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 19 strain strain NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 20 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 21 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 22 included include VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 23 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 24 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 25 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 26 has have VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 27 been be VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 28 selected select VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 29 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 30 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 31 efficacy efficacy NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 32 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 33 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 34 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 35 would would MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 36 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 37 sub sub NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 38 - - JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 39 optimal optimal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 40 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 41 this this DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 42 new new JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 43 variant variant NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 44 strain strain NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 351 45 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 352 1 This this DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 352 2 usually usually RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 352 3 results result VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 352 4 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 352 5 decreased decrease VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 352 6 efficacy efficacy NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 352 7 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 352 8 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 352 9 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 352 10 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 353 1 Reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 353 2 genetics genetics NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 353 3 approaches approach NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 353 4 have have VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 353 5 also also RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 353 6 allowed allow VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 353 7 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 353 8 development development NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 353 9 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 353 10 live live JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 353 11 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 353 12 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 353 13 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 353 14 that that WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 353 15 could could MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 353 16 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 353 17 implemented implement VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 353 18 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 353 19 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 353 20 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 353 21 near near JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 353 22 future future NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 353 23 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 353 24 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 353 25 LAIVs laiv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 353 26 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 1 These these DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 2 new new JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 3 advances advance NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 4 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 5 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 6 genetics genetics NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 7 approaches approach NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 8 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 9 reducing reduce VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 10 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 11 potential potential JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 12 time time NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 13 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 14 recovery recovery NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 15 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 16 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 17 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 18 months month NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 19 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 20 weeks week NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 21 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 22 represent represent VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 23 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 24 excellent excellent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 25 alternative alternative NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 26 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 27 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 28 rapid rapid JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 29 development development NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 30 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 31 implementation implementation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 32 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 33 LAIVs laiv NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 34 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 35 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 36 treatment treatment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 37 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 38 both both DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 39 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 40 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 41 potentially potentially RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 42 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 43 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 44 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 354 45 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 1 Acknowledgments acknowledgment NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 2 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 3 Influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 4 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 5 research research NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 6 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 7 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 8 Luis Luis NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 9 Martínez Martínez NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 10 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 11 Sobrido Sobrido NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 12 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 13 Aitor Aitor NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 14 Nogales Nogales NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 15 laboratory laboratory NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 16 was be VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 17 partially partially RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 18 funded fund VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 19 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 20 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 21 National National NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 22 Institute Institute NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 23 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 24 Allergy Allergy NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 25 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 26 Infectious Infectious NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 27 Diseases Diseases NNPS cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 29 NIAID NIAID NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 31 Centers Centers NNPS cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 32 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 33 Excellence Excellence NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 34 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 35 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 36 Research Research NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 37 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 38 Surveillance Surveillance NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 40 CEIRS CEIRS NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 41 HHSN266200700008C hhsn266200700008c CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 355 43 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 356 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 356 2 authors author NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 356 3 declare declare VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 356 4 no no DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 356 5 conflict conflict NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 356 6 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 356 7 interest interest NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 356 8 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 356 9 _SP cord-002407-25cawzi0 357 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 357 2 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 357 3 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 357 4 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 357 5 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 357 6 Transmission transmission NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 357 7 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 357 8 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 357 9 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 357 10 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 357 11 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 357 12 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 357 13 host host NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 357 14 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 357 15 increased increase VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 357 16 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 357 17 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 357 18 amino amino JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 357 19 acids acid NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 357 20 627 627 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 357 21 K K NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 357 22 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 357 23 627E/701N 627e/701n CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 358 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 358 2 origins origin NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 358 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 358 4 new new JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 358 5 pandemic pandemic NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 358 6 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 358 7 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 358 8 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 358 9 acquisition acquisition NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 358 10 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 358 11 new new JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 358 12 host host NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 358 13 ranges range NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 358 14 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 358 15 canine canine JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 358 16 parvovirus parvovirus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 358 17 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 358 18 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 358 19 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 358 20 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 359 1 Evolution evolution NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 359 2 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 359 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 359 4 H3 H3 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 359 5 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 359 6 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 359 7 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 359 8 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 359 9 human human JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 359 10 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 359 11 nonhuman nonhuman NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 359 12 hosts host NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 360 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 360 2 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 360 3 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 360 4 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 360 5 human human JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 360 6 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 360 7 B B NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 360 8 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 360 9 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 360 10 B B NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 360 11 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 360 12 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 360 13 seals seal NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 2 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 3 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 4 rna rna NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 5 synthesis synthesis NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 6 machine machine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 7 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 8 Advances advance NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 9 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 11 structure structure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 12 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 13 function function VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 14 Orthomyxovirus Orthomyxovirus NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 15 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 16 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 17 transcription transcription NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 18 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 19 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 20 polyadenylation polyadenylation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 21 Determination Determination NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 22 0of 0of NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 23 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 24 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 25 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 26 required require VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 27 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 28 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 29 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 30 Fields Fields NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 31 Virology Virology NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 32 Segment Segment NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 33 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 34 specific specific JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 35 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 36 common common JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 37 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 38 sequences sequence NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 39 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 40 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 41 noncoding noncoding JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 42 regions region NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 43 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 44 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 45 B b NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 46 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 47 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 361 48 RNAs rna NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 362 1 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 362 2 A A NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 362 3 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 362 4 B B NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 362 5 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 362 6 intertypic intertypic NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 362 7 reassortment reassortment VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 362 8 through through IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 362 9 compatible compatible JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 362 10 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 362 11 packaging packaging NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 362 12 signals signal NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 1 Molecular molecular JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 2 studies study NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 4 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 5 B B NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 6 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 7 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 8 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 9 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 10 genetics genetics NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 11 era era NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 12 Identification identification NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 13 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 14 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 15 novel novel JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 16 splice splice NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 17 variant variant NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 18 form form NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 19 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 20 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 21 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 22 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 23 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 24 M2 m2 NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 25 ion ion NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 26 channel channel NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 27 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 28 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 29 antigenically antigenically RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 30 distinct distinct JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 31 ectodomain ectodomain JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 32 Eukaryotic Eukaryotic NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 33 coupled couple VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 34 tanslation tanslation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 35 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 36 tandem tandem NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 37 cistrons cistron NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 363 38 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 364 1 Identification identification NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 364 2 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 364 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 364 4 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 364 5 B B NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 364 6 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 364 7 BM2 BM2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 364 8 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 364 9 Receptor Receptor NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 364 10 binding binding NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 364 11 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 364 12 membrane membrane NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 364 13 fusion fusion NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 364 14 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 364 15 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 364 16 entry entry NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 364 17 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 365 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 365 2 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 365 3 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 2 structure structure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 4 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 5 complex complex NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 6 between between IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 7 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 8 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 9 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 10 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 11 sialic sialic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 12 acid acid NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 13 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 14 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 15 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 16 receptor receptor NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 17 Refined refine VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 18 crystal crystal NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 19 structure structure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 20 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 21 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 22 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 23 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 24 N9 N9 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 25 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 26 - - : cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 27 NC41 NC41 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 28 Fab Fab NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 29 complex complex JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 30 Evolution evolution NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 31 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 32 ecology ecology NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 33 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 34 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 35 A a NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 36 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 37 New new JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 38 world world NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 39 bats bat NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 40 harbor harbor VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 41 diverse diverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 42 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 43 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 366 44 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 1 Multiple multiple JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 2 genotypes genotype NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 4 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 5 B B NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 6 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 7 circulated circulate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 8 between between IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 9 1979 1979 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 10 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 11 Evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 12 pattern pattern NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 13 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 14 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 15 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 16 gene gene NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 17 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 18 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 19 B b NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 20 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 21 isolated isolate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 22 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 23 japan japan NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 24 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 25 Cocirculating cocirculate VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 26 lineages lineage NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 27 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 28 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 29 same same JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 30 epidemic epidemic NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 31 season season NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 32 Mortality mortality NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 33 associated associate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 34 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 35 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 36 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 37 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 38 syncytial syncytial JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 39 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 40 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 41 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 42 united united NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 43 states states NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 44 Clinical clinical JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 45 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 46 genetic genetic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 47 characterization characterization NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 48 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 49 severe severe JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 50 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 51 B b NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 52 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 53 associated associate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 54 diseases disease NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 55 during during IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 56 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 57 outbreak outbreak NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 58 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 59 Taiwan Taiwan NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 60 Medically medically RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 61 attended attend VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 62 pediatric pediatric JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 63 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 64 during during IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 65 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 66 resurgence resurgence NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 67 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 68 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 69 victoria victoria NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 70 lineage lineage NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 71 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 72 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 73 B B NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 74 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 75 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 76 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 77 M2 m2 NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 78 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 79 has have VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 80 ion ion NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 81 channel channel NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 367 82 activity activity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 2 gene gene NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 3 structure structure NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 4 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 5 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 6 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 7 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 8 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 9 Genome Genome NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 10 packaging packaging NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 11 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 12 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 13 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 14 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 15 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 16 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 17 assembly assembly NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 18 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 19 budding bud VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 20 Selective selective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 21 packaging packaging NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 22 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 23 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 24 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 25 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 26 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 27 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 28 consequences consequence NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 29 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 30 genetic genetic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 368 31 reassortment reassortment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 369 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 369 2 multifunctional multifunctional JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 369 3 NS1 ns1 NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 369 4 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 369 5 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 369 6 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 369 7 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 369 8 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 370 1 Emerging emerge VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 370 2 roles role NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 370 3 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 370 4 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 370 5 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 370 6 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 370 7 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 370 8 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 370 9 export export NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 370 10 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 370 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 370 12 NEP NEP NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 370 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 371 1 Improving improve VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 371 2 influenza influenza JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 371 3 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 371 4 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 371 5 selection selection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 371 6 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 1 Report report NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 2 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 3 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 4 WHO WHO NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 5 informal informal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 6 consultation consultation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 7 held hold VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 8 at at IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 9 WHO WHO NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 10 headquarters headquarters NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 11 Epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 12 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 13 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 14 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 15 genetic genetic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 16 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 17 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 18 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 19 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 20 A A NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 22 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 24 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 25 a(H3N2 a(H3N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 372 27 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 373 1 B b NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 373 2 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 373 3 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 373 4 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 1 Basis basis NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 2 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 4 WHO WHO NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 5 recommendation recommendation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 6 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 7 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 8 composition composition NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 9 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 10 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 11 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 12 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 13 use use NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 14 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 15 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 16 2009 2009 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 17 - - SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 18 2010 2010 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 19 northern northern JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 20 hemisphere hemisphere NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 21 season season NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 22 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 23 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 24 Global global JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 25 surveillance surveillance NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 26 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 27 epidemic epidemic NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 28 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 29 pandemic pandemic NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 374 30 variants variant NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 375 1 Novel novel JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 375 2 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 375 3 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 375 4 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 375 5 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 376 1 Influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 376 2 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 377 1 Evolving evolve VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 377 2 strategies strategy NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 377 3 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 377 4 treatment treatment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 377 5 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 377 6 prevention prevention NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 2 annual annual JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 3 impact impact NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 4 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 5 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 6 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 7 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 8 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 9 us us NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 10 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 11 Measuring measure VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 12 disease disease NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 13 burden burden NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 14 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 15 costs cost VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 16 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 17 review review NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 18 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 19 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 20 research research NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 21 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 22 development development NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 23 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 24 Human human JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 25 acute acute JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 26 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 378 27 infections infection NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 379 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 379 2 impact impact NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 379 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 379 4 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 379 5 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 379 6 working work VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 379 7 days day NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 379 8 lost lose VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 379 9 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 379 10 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 379 11 review review NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 379 12 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 379 13 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 379 14 literature literature NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 380 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 380 2 burden burden NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 380 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 380 4 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 380 5 B b NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 380 6 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 380 7 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 380 8 structured structured JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 380 9 literature literature NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 380 10 review review NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 380 11 Clinical clinical JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 380 12 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 380 13 socioeconomic socioeconomic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 380 14 impact impact NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 380 15 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 380 16 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 380 17 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 380 18 pandemic pandemic NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 380 19 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 380 20 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 380 21 adults adult NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 380 22 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 380 23 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 380 24 elderly elderly JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 380 25 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 381 1 Hum Hum NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 381 2 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 382 1 Vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 382 2 Immunother Immunother NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 382 3 Origins Origins NNPS cord-002407-25cawzi0 382 4 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 382 5 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 382 6 genomics genomic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 382 7 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 382 8 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 382 9 2009 2009 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 382 10 swine swine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 382 11 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 382 12 origin origin NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 382 13 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 382 14 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 382 15 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 382 16 epidemic epidemic NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 383 1 Influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 383 2 pandemics pandemic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 383 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 383 4 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 383 5 20th 20th JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 383 6 century century NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 383 7 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 383 8 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 383 9 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 384 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 384 2 challenge challenge NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 384 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 384 4 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 384 5 drift drift NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 384 6 Reassortment Reassortment NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 384 7 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 384 8 evolution evolution NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 384 9 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 384 10 current current JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 384 11 human human JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 384 12 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 384 13 A a NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 384 14 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 384 15 B b NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 384 16 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 385 1 Discordant discordant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 385 2 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 385 3 drift drift NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 385 4 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 385 5 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 385 6 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 385 7 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 385 8 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 385 9 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 385 10 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 385 11 H3N2 H3N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 385 12 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 385 13 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 386 1 Intrinsic intrinsic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 386 2 interference interference NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 386 3 between between IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 386 4 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 386 5 A a NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 386 6 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 386 7 B b NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 386 8 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 387 1 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 387 2 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 388 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 388 2 mother mother NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 388 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 388 4 all all DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 388 5 pandemics pandemic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 388 6 Update update VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 388 7 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 388 8 Infections infection NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 388 9 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 388 10 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 388 11 swine swine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 388 12 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 388 13 Origin origin NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 388 14 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 388 15 A a NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 388 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 388 17 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 388 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 388 19 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 388 20 - - : cord-002407-25cawzi0 388 21 United United NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 388 22 States States NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 388 23 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 388 24 other other JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 388 25 countries country NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 389 1 Pandemic Pandemic NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 389 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 389 3 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 389 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 390 1 2009-Update 2009-update CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 1 112 112 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 2 Global global JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 3 concerns concern NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 4 regarding regard VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 5 novel novel NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 6 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 7 A a NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 9 H7N9 H7N9 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 11 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 12 infections infection NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 13 Pandemic Pandemic NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 14 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 15 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 16 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 17 current current JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 18 threat threat NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 19 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 20 large large JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 21 outbreak outbreak NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 22 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 23 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 24 A a NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 25 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 26 B b NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 27 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 28 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 29 cruise cruise NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 30 ship ship NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 31 causing cause VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 32 widespread widespread JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 33 morbidity morbidity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 34 From from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 35 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 36 centers center NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 37 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 38 disease disease NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 39 control control NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 40 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 41 prevention prevention NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 391 42 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 392 1 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 392 2 B B NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 392 3 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 392 4 outbreak outbreak NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 392 5 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 392 6 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 392 7 cruise cruise NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 392 8 ship ship NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 392 9 - - : cord-002407-25cawzi0 392 10 Northern Northern NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 392 11 europe europe NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 393 1 An an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 393 2 outbreak outbreak NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 393 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 393 4 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 393 5 B b NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 393 6 at at IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 393 7 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 393 8 indiana indiana NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 393 9 boarding boarding NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 393 10 school school NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 393 11 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 393 12 Estimate estimate NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 393 13 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 393 14 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 393 15 efficacy efficacy NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 394 1 An an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 394 2 outbreak outbreak NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 394 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 394 4 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 394 5 B b NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 394 6 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 394 7 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 394 8 closed closed JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 394 9 community community NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 394 10 school school NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 394 11 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 394 12 Uganda Uganda NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 394 13 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 1 East East NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 2 An an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 3 outbreak outbreak NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 4 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 5 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 6 due due IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 7 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 8 type type NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 9 B b NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 10 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 11 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 12 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 13 residential residential JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 14 boys boy NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 15 ' ' POS cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 16 school school NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 17 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 18 Malaya Malaya NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 19 Efficacy Efficacy NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 20 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 21 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 22 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 23 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 24 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 25 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 26 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 27 systematic systematic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 28 review review NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 29 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 30 meta meta NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 31 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 32 analysis analysis NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 33 Oseltamivir Oseltamivir NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 34 resistance resistance NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 35 during during IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 36 treatment treatment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 37 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 38 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 39 A a NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 41 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 43 infection infection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 44 Zanamivir Zanamivir NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 45 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 46 resistant resistant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 47 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 48 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 49 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 50 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 51 novel novel NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 52 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 53 mutation mutation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 54 Detection detection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 55 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 56 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 57 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 58 resistant resistant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 59 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 60 neuraminidase neuraminidase FW cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 61 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 62 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 63 global global JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 64 surveillance surveillance NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 65 during during IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 66 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 67 first first JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 68 3 3 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 69 years year NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 70 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 71 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 395 72 use use NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 396 1 Live live VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 396 2 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 396 3 versus versus IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 396 4 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 396 5 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 396 6 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 396 7 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 396 8 infants infant NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 396 9 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 396 10 young young JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 396 11 children child NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 397 1 Comparative comparative JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 397 2 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 397 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 397 4 trivalent trivalent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 397 5 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 397 6 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 397 7 administered administer VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 397 8 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 397 9 intradermal intradermal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 397 10 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 397 11 intramuscular intramuscular JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 397 12 route route NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 397 13 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 397 14 healthy healthy JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 397 15 adults adult NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 398 1 Development development NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 398 2 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 398 3 new new JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 398 4 generation generation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 398 5 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 398 6 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 398 7 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 398 8 Recipes recipe NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 398 9 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 398 10 success success NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 398 11 ? ? . cord-002407-25cawzi0 399 1 Vaccine Vaccine NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 399 2 Flublok Flublok NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 399 3 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 399 4 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 399 5 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 399 6 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 399 7 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 399 8 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 399 9 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 400 1 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 400 2 Other other JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 400 3 Respir Respir NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 400 4 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 401 1 Viruses Viruses NNPS cord-002407-25cawzi0 401 2 Protection Protection NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 401 3 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 401 4 lethal lethal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 401 5 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 401 6 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 401 7 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 401 8 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 401 9 mimic mimic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 401 10 Approval Approval NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 401 11 Letter Letter NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 401 12 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 401 13 Fluarix Fluarix NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 401 14 Quadrivalent Quadrivalent NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 401 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 401 16 BL BL NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 401 17 125127/513 125127/513 NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 401 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 1 Effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 2 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 3 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 4 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 5 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 6 varied vary VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 7 substantially substantially RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 8 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 9 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 10 match match NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 11 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 12 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 13 2004 2004 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 14 - - SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 15 2005 2005 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 16 season season NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 17 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 18 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 19 2006 2006 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 20 - - SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 21 2007 2007 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 22 season season NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 23 Toward toward IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 24 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 25 universal universal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 26 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 27 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 28 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 29 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 30 Prospects prospect NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 31 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 32 challenges challenge VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 33 Superiority superiority NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 34 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 35 live live RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 36 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 37 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 38 compared compare VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 39 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 40 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 41 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 42 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 43 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 44 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 45 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 46 older old JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 47 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 48 chronically chronically RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 49 ill ill JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 402 50 adults adult NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 1 Antiviral antiviral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 2 response response NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 3 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 4 pandemic pandemic NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 5 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 6 viruses viruse VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 7 Treatment treatment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 8 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 9 epidemic epidemic NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 10 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 11 pandemic pandemic NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 12 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 13 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 14 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 15 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 16 M2 M2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 17 proton proton NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 18 channel channel NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 19 inhibitors inhibitors NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 20 Oseltamivir Oseltamivir NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 21 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 22 resistant resistant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 23 variants variant NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 24 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 25 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 26 2009 2009 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 27 pandemic pandemic NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 28 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 29 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 30 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 31 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 32 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 33 not not RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 34 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 35 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 36 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 37 guinea guinea NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 38 pig pig NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 39 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 40 ferret ferret NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 41 transmission transmission NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 42 models model NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 43 Oseltamivir Oseltamivir NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 44 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 45 zanamivir zanamivir NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 46 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 47 amantadine amantadine NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 48 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 49 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 50 prevention prevention NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 51 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 52 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 403 53 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 404 1 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 404 2 systematic systematic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 404 3 review review NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 405 1 Triple triple JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 405 2 combination combination NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 405 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 405 4 amantadine amantadine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 405 5 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 405 6 ribavirin ribavirin NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 405 7 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 405 8 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 405 9 oseltamivir oseltamivir NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 405 10 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 405 11 highly highly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 405 12 active active JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 405 13 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 405 14 synergistic synergistic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 405 15 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 405 16 drug drug NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 405 17 resistant resistant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 405 18 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 405 19 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 405 20 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 405 21 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 405 22 vitro vitro FW cord-002407-25cawzi0 406 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 406 2 molecular molecular JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 406 3 basis basis NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 406 4 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 406 5 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 406 6 specific specific JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 406 7 anti anti JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 406 8 - - JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 406 9 influenza influenza JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 406 10 action action NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 406 11 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 406 12 amantadine amantadine NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 406 13 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 406 14 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 406 15 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 406 16 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 406 17 Neuraminidase Neuraminidase NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 406 18 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 406 19 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 406 20 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 406 21 B b NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 406 22 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 406 23 infection infection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 406 24 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 1 Efficacy efficacy NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 2 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 3 resistance resistance NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 4 Review Review NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 5 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 6 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 7 clinical clinical JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 8 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 9 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 10 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 11 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 12 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 13 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 14 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 15 B b NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 16 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 17 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 18 drug drug NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 19 resistance resistance NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 20 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 21 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 22 pandemic pandemic NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 23 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 24 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 25 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 26 A a NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 28 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 30 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 31 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 32 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 33 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 34 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 407 35 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 408 1 three three CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 408 2 enzyme enzyme NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 408 3 activity activity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 408 4 inhibition inhibition NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 408 5 assays assay NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 408 6 Strengthening strengthen VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 408 7 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 408 8 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 408 9 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 408 10 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 408 11 selection selection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 408 12 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 408 13 development development NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 408 14 process process NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 409 1 Influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 409 2 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 409 3 strain strain NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 409 4 selection selection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 409 5 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 409 6 recent recent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 409 7 studies study NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 409 8 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 409 9 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 409 10 global global JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 409 11 migration migration NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 409 12 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 409 13 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 409 14 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 409 15 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 410 1 Heterosubtypic heterosubtypic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 410 2 immunity immunity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 410 3 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 410 4 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 410 5 type type VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 410 6 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 410 7 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 410 8 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 410 9 mice mouse NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 410 10 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 1 Effector effector NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 2 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 3 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 4 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 5 longevity longevity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 6 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 7 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 8 protects protect VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 9 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 10 1918 1918 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 11 Spanish spanish JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 12 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 13 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 14 Advances advance VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 15 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 16 universal universal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 17 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 18 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 19 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 20 design design NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 21 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 22 antibody antibody NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 23 mediated mediate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 24 therapies therapy NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 25 based base VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 26 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 27 conserved conserved JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 28 regions region NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 29 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 30 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 31 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 32 Current current JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 33 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 34 emerging emerge VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 35 cell cell NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 36 culture culture NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 37 manufacturing manufacturing NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 38 technologies technology NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 39 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 40 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 41 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 42 Efficacy Efficacy NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 43 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 44 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 45 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 46 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 47 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 49 H3N2 H3N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 51 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 52 grown grow VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 53 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 54 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 55 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 56 or or CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 57 embryonated embryonate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 58 eggs egg NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 59 Influence influence NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 60 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 61 host host NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 62 cell cell NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 63 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 64 mediated mediate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 65 variation variation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 66 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 67 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 68 international international JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 69 surveillance surveillance NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 70 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 71 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 72 A a NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 73 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 74 H3N2 H3N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 75 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 76 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 77 Strengthening strengthen VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 78 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 79 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 80 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 81 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 82 selection selection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 83 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 84 development development NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 85 process process NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 411 86 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 1 Presented present VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 2 at at IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 4 3rd 3rd NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 5 WHO WHO NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 6 Informal Informal NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 7 Consultation Consultation NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 8 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 9 Improving improve VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 10 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 11 Vaccine Vaccine NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 12 Virus Virus NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 13 Selection Selection NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 14 Control Control NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 15 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 16 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 17 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 18 poliomyelitis poliomyelitis NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 19 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 20 killed kill VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 21 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 22 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 23 Efficacy Efficacy NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 24 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 25 safety safety NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 26 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 27 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 28 live live RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 29 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 30 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 31 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 32 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 33 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 34 adults adult NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 35 60 60 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 36 years year NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 37 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 38 age age NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 39 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 40 older old JJR cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 41 Live live JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 42 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 43 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 44 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 45 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 46 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 47 formulation formulation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 48 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 49 nasal nasal NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 50 delivery delivery NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 412 51 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 1 Potential potential JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 2 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 3 challenges challenge VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 4 Preparation preparation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 5 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 6 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 7 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 8 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 9 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 10 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 11 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 12 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 13 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 14 subunit subunit NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 15 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 16 Traditional traditional JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 17 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 18 new new JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 19 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 20 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 21 Antibody Antibody NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 22 response response NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 23 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 24 humans human NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 25 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 26 deoxycholate deoxycholate NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 27 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 28 treated treat VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 29 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 30 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 31 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 32 Evaluation Evaluation NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 33 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 34 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 35 safety safety NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 36 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 37 reactogenicity reactogenicity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 38 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 39 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 40 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 41 flublok(r flublok(r NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 43 trivalent trivalent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 44 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 45 baculovirus baculovirus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 46 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 47 expressed express VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 48 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 49 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 50 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 51 administered administer VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 52 intramuscularly intramuscularly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 53 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 54 healthy healthy JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 55 adults adult NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 56 50 50 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 57 - - SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 58 64 64 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 59 years year NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 60 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 61 age age NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 62 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 63 study study NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 64 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 65 conditions condition NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 66 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 67 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 68 optimum optimum JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 69 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 70 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 71 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 72 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 73 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 74 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 75 chick chick NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 413 76 embryos embryo NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 2 development development NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 4 live live RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 5 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 6 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 7 cold cold NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 8 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 9 adapted adapt VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 10 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 11 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 12 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 13 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 14 humans human NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 15 Four four CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 16 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 17 genes gene NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 18 independently independently RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 19 contribute contribute VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 20 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 21 attenuation attenuation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 22 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 23 live live JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 24 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 25 A A NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 26 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 27 Ann Ann NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 28 Arbor/6/60 Arbor/6/60 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 30 H2N2 H2N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 32 cold cold RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 33 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 34 adapted adapt VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 35 reassortant reassortant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 36 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 37 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 38 Identification identification NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 39 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 40 sequence sequence NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 41 changes change NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 42 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 43 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 44 cold cold NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 45 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 46 adapted adapt VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 47 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 48 live live RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 49 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 50 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 51 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 52 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 53 strain strain NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 54 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 55 A A NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 56 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 57 Ann Ann NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 58 Arbor/6/60 Arbor/6/60 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 60 H2N2 H2N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 414 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 415 1 Plaque plaque NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 415 2 formation formation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 415 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 415 4 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 415 5 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 415 6 at at IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 415 7 25 25 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 415 8 • • NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 1 C C NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 2 Improvement improvement NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 4 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 5 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 6 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 7 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 8 Molecular molecular JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 9 studies study NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 10 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 11 temperature temperature NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 12 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 13 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 14 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 15 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 16 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 17 cold cold NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 18 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 19 adapted adapt VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 20 B B NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 21 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 22 Ann Ann NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 23 Arbor/1/66 Arbor/1/66 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 24 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 25 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 26 master master NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 27 donor donor NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 28 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 29 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 30 live live RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 31 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 32 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 33 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 34 flumist flumist NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 35 vaccines vaccine VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 36 Multiple multiple JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 37 gene gene NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 38 segments segment NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 39 control control VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 40 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 41 temperature temperature NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 42 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 43 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 44 attenuation attenuation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 45 phenotypes phenotype NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 46 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 47 ca ca NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 48 B B NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 49 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 50 Ann Ann NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 51 Arbor/1/66 Arbor/1/66 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 52 Sequence sequence NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 53 comparison comparison NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 54 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 55 wild wild JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 56 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 57 type type NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 58 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 59 cold cold NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 60 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 61 adapted adapt VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 62 B B NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 63 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 64 Ann Ann NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 65 Arbor/1/66 Arbor/1/66 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 66 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 67 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 68 genes gene NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 69 Genetics Genetics NNPS cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 70 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 71 cold cold NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 72 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 73 adapted adapt VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 74 B B NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 75 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 76 Ann Ann NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 77 Arbor/1/66 Arbor/1/66 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 78 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 79 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 80 reassortants reassortant NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 81 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 82 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 83 acidic acidic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 84 polymerase polymerase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 85 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 86 PA PA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 87 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 88 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 89 gene gene NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 90 confers confer VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 91 temperature temperature NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 92 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 93 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 94 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 95 virulence virulence NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 96 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 97 cold cold NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 98 adapted adapt VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 99 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 100 temperature temperature NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 101 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 102 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 103 A A NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 104 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 105 Ann Ann NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 106 Arbor/6/60 Arbor/6/60 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 107 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 108 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 109 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 110 master master NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 111 donor donor NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 112 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 113 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 114 live live RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 115 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 116 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 117 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 118 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 119 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 120 has have VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 121 multiple multiple JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 122 defects defect NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 123 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 124 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 125 at at IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 126 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 127 restrictive restrictive JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 416 128 temperature temperature NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 1 Imparting impart VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 2 temperature temperature NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 3 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 4 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 5 attenuation attenuation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 6 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 7 ferrets ferret NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 8 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 9 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 10 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 11 Puerto Puerto NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 12 Rico/8/34 Rico/8/34 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 13 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 14 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 15 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 16 transferring transfer VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 17 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 18 genetic genetic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 19 signature signature NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 20 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 21 temperature temperature NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 22 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 23 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 24 cold cold NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 25 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 26 adapted adapt VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 27 A A NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 28 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 29 Ann Ann NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 30 Arbor/6/60 arbor/6/60 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 31 Multiple multiple JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 32 amino amino NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 33 acid acid NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 34 residues residue NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 35 confer confer VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 36 temperature temperature NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 37 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 38 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 39 human human JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 40 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 41 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 42 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 43 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 45 flumist flumist NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 47 derived derive VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 48 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 49 cold cold NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 50 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 51 adapted adapt VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 52 A A NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 53 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 54 Ann Ann NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 55 Arbor/6/60 Arbor/6/60 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 56 Adaptation Adaptation NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 57 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 58 growth growth NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 59 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 60 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 61 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 62 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 63 at at IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 64 25 25 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 65 • • NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 66 C C NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 67 Development Development NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 68 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 69 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 70 mouse mouse NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 71 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 72 adapted adapt VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 73 live live RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 74 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 75 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 76 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 77 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 78 that that WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 79 permits permit VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 80 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 81 vivo vivo NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 82 analysis analysis NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 83 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 84 enhancements enhancement NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 85 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 86 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 87 safety safety NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 88 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 89 live live RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 90 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 91 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 92 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 93 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 94 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 95 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 96 vaccination vaccination NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 97 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 98 asthmatic asthmatic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 99 patients patient NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 100 Safety Safety NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 101 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 102 efficacy efficacy NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 103 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 104 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 105 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 106 cold cold NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 107 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 108 adapted adapt VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 109 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 110 live live JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 111 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 112 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 113 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 114 trivalent trivalent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 115 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 116 intranasal intranasal NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 117 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 118 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 119 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 120 adults adult NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 121 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 417 122 children child NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 418 1 Recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 418 2 cold cold RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 418 3 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 418 4 adapted adapt VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 418 5 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 418 6 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 418 7 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 418 8 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 418 9 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 418 10 use use NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 418 11 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 418 12 children child NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 418 13 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 1 Molecular molecular JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 2 genetic genetic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 3 analysis analysis NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 4 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 5 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 6 cold cold RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 7 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 8 adapted adapt VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 9 donor donor NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 10 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 11 recombinants recombinant NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 12 Molecular molecular JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 13 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 14 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 15 biological biological JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 16 properties property NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 18 genetic genetic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 19 markers marker NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 21 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 22 candidate candidate NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 23 strains strain NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 24 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 25 preparation preparation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 26 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 27 live live JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 28 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 29 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 30 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 31 Genetic genetic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 32 bases basis NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 33 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 34 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 35 temperature temperature NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 36 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 37 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 38 phenotype phenotype NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 39 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 40 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 41 master master NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 42 donor donor NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 43 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 44 used use VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 45 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 46 live live RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 47 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 48 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 49 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 50 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 419 51 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 420 1 A a LS cord-002407-25cawzi0 420 2 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 420 3 Leningrad/134/17/57 leningrad/134/17/57 XX cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 2 H2N2 H2N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 4 Cold Cold NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 5 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 6 adapted adapt VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 7 live live RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 8 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 9 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 10 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 11 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 12 developed develop VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 13 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 14 russia russia NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 15 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 16 Can Can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 17 they -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 18 contribute contribute VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 19 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 20 meeting meet VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 21 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 22 needs need NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 23 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 24 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 25 control control NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 26 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 27 other other JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 28 countries country NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 421 29 ? ? . cord-002407-25cawzi0 422 1 Comparison comparison NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 422 2 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 422 3 egg egg NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 422 4 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 422 5 high high JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 422 6 yielding yield VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 422 7 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 422 8 cell cell NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 422 9 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 422 10 derived derive VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 422 11 live live RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 422 12 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 422 13 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 422 14 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 422 15 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 422 16 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 422 17 commercial commercial JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 422 18 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 422 19 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 422 20 trivalent trivalent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 422 21 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 422 22 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 422 23 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 423 1 In in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 423 2 vitro vitro FW cord-002407-25cawzi0 423 3 cell cell NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 423 4 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 423 5 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 423 6 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 423 7 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 423 8 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 423 9 kinetics kinetic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 423 10 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 423 11 permissive permissive JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 423 12 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 423 13 semi semi JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 423 14 - - JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 423 15 permissive permissive JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 423 16 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 423 17 Generation generation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 423 18 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 423 19 live live RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 423 20 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 423 21 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 423 22 novel novel JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 423 23 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 423 24 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 1 A a LS cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 2 / / , cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 3 California/7/09 California/7/09 , cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 5 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 7 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 8 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 9 high high JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 10 yield yield NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 11 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 12 embryonated embryonate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 13 chicken chicken NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 14 eggs egg NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 15 Distribution distribution NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 16 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 17 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 18 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 19 type type NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 20 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 21 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 22 infected infected JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 23 eggs egg NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 24 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 25 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 26 survival survival NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 27 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 28 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 29 under under IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 30 certain certain JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 31 conditions condition NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 32 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 33 storage storage NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 34 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 35 flu flu NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 36 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 37 shortage shortage NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 38 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 39 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 40 devastating devastating JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 41 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 42 LTC LTC NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 424 43 residents resident NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 1 The the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 2 politics politic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 4 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 5 flu flu NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 6 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 7 shortage shortage NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 8 Continuous continuous JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 9 cell cell NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 10 lines line NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 11 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 12 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 13 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 14 system system NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 15 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 16 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 17 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 18 Scalable scalable JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 19 production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 20 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 21 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 22 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 23 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 24 HEK-293 HEK-293 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 25 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 26 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 27 efficient efficient JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 28 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 29 manufacturing manufacture VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 30 Production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 31 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 32 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 33 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 34 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 35 serum serum NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 36 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 37 free free JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 38 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 39 cell cell NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 40 cultures culture NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 41 Production production NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 42 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 43 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 44 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 45 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 46 cell cell NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 47 cultures culture NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 48 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 49 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 425 50 preparation preparation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 1 Inactivated inactivate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 2 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 3 adjuvanted adjuvante VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 4 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 5 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 6 Safety Safety NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 7 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 8 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 9 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 10 adjuvanted adjuvanted JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 11 inactivated inactivated JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 12 split split NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 13 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 14 virion virion NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 15 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 16 whole whole JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 17 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 18 virion virion NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 19 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 20 A a NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 22 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 24 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 25 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 26 children child NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 27 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 28 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 29 phase phase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 30 I I NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 31 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 32 II II NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 33 randomized randomized JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 34 trial trial NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 35 Safety safety NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 36 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 37 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 38 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 39 MF-59 MF-59 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 40 adjuvanted adjuvante VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 41 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 42 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 43 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 44 children child NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 45 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 46 adults adult NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 47 Persistence Persistence NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 48 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 49 antibody antibody NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 50 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 51 influenza influenza VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 52 A A NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 53 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 54 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 55 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 56 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 57 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 58 Impact impact NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 59 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 60 AS03 AS03 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 61 adjuvant adjuvant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 62 RNA RNA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 63 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 64 reverse reverse NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 65 genetics genetic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 66 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 67 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 68 design design NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 69 Engineering engineering NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 70 infectious infectious JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 71 cDNAs cdna NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 72 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 73 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 74 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 75 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 76 artificial artificial JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 77 chromosomes chromosome NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 78 Construction construction NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 79 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 80 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 81 severe severe JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 82 acute acute JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 83 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 84 syndrome syndrome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 85 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 86 infectious infectious JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 87 cDNA cdna NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 88 clone clone NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 89 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 90 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 91 replicon replicon NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 92 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 93 study study VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 94 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 95 RNA RNA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 426 96 synthesis synthesis NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 1 Cloned clone VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 2 poliovirus poliovirus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 3 complementary complementary JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 4 DNA dna NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 5 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 6 infectious infectious JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 7 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 8 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 9 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 10 Generation generation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 11 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 12 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 13 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 14 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 15 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 16 plasmid plasmid NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 17 DNA DNA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 18 Many many JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 19 ways way NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 20 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 21 make make VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 22 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 23 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 24 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 25 - - : cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 26 Review Review NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 27 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 28 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 29 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 30 reverse reverse NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 31 genetics genetics NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 32 methods method NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 427 33 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 428 1 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 428 2 Other other JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 428 3 Respir Respir NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 428 4 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 429 1 Viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 430 1 Influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 1 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 2 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 3 attenuation attenuation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 4 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 5 codon codon NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 6 deoptimization deoptimization NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 7 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 8 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 9 NS NS NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 10 gene gene NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 11 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 12 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 13 development development NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 14 Replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 15 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 16 competent competent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 17 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 18 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 19 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 20 expressing express VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 21 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 22 red red JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 23 fluorescent fluorescent NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 24 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 25 Hemagglutinin Hemagglutinin NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 26 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 27 pseudotyped pseudotype VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 28 green green JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 29 fluorescent fluorescent NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 30 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 31 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 32 expressing express VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 33 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 34 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 35 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 36 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 37 detection detection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 38 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 39 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 40 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 41 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 42 antibodies antibody NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 43 Development Development NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 44 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 45 applications application NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 46 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 47 single single JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 48 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 49 cycle cycle NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 50 infectious infectious JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 51 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 52 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 53 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 55 sciIAV sciiav NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 57 Replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 58 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 59 competent competent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 60 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 61 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 62 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 63 expressing express VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 64 reporter reporter NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 65 genes gene NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 66 Replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 67 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 68 competent competent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 69 fluorescent fluorescent NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 70 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 71 expressing express VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 72 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 73 B b NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 74 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 75 Replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 76 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 77 competent competent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 78 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 79 A a NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 80 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 81 B b NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 82 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 83 expressing express VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 84 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 85 fluorescent fluorescent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 86 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 87 timer timer NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 88 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 89 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 90 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 91 vitro vitro FW cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 92 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 93 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 94 vivo vivo NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 431 95 studies study NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 432 1 RNA RNA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 432 2 polymerase polymerase NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 433 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 433 2 catalysed catalyse VBD cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 1 transcription transcription NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 2 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 3 insert insert JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 4 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 5 cDNA cdna NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 6 RNA rna NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 7 polymerase polymerase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 8 I i NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 9 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 10 mediated mediate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 11 expression expression NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 12 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 13 influenza influenza JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 14 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 16 molecules molecule NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 17 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 18 DNA dna NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 19 transfection transfection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 20 system system NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 21 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 22 generation generation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 23 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 24 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 25 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 26 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 27 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 28 eight eight CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 434 29 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 1 Ambisense Ambisense NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 2 " " `` cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 3 approach approach NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 4 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 5 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 6 generation generation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 7 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 8 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 9 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 10 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 11 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 12 vRNA vRNA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 13 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 14 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 15 synthesis synthesis NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 16 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 17 one one CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 18 template template NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 19 Generation generation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 20 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 21 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 22 arenavirus arenavirus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 23 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 24 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 25 development development NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 26 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 27 fda fda NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 28 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 29 approved approve VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 30 vero vero NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 31 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 32 Arenavirus Arenavirus NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 33 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 34 genetics genetic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 35 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 36 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 37 development development NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 38 Generation Generation NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 39 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 40 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 41 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 42 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 43 entirely entirely RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 44 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 45 cloned clone VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 435 46 cDNAs cDNAs . cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 1 Cloning clone VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 2 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 3 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 4 canine canine JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 6 polymerase polymerase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 7 I -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 8 promoter promoter NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 9 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 10 establishment establishment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 11 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 12 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 13 genetics genetic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 14 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 15 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 16 A a NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 17 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 18 B b NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 19 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 20 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 21 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 22 Cloning clone VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 23 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 24 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 25 chicken chicken NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 26 RNA RNA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 27 polymerase polymerase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 28 I -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 29 promoter promoter VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 30 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 31 use use NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 32 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 33 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 34 genetics genetic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 35 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 36 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 37 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 38 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 39 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 40 avian avian JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 436 41 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 1 Efficient efficient JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 2 generation generation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 4 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 5 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 6 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 7 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 8 mouse mouse NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 10 polymerase polymerase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 11 I i NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 12 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 13 driven drive VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 14 all all DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 15 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 16 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 17 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 18 one one CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 19 plasmid plasmid NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 20 Cloning clone VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 21 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 22 horse horse NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 23 RNA RNA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 24 polymerase polymerase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 25 I -PRON- PRP cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 26 promoter promoter NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 27 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 28 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 29 application application NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 30 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 31 studying study VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 32 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 33 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 34 polymerase polymerase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 35 activity activity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 36 Rescue Rescue NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 37 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 38 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 39 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 40 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 437 41 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 438 1 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 438 2 DNA DNA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 438 3 Universal Universal NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 438 4 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 438 5 B b NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 438 6 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 438 7 genomic genomic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 438 8 amplification amplification NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 438 9 facilitates facilitate VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 438 10 sequencing sequencing NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 438 11 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 438 12 diagnostics diagnostic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 438 13 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 438 14 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 438 15 reverse reverse VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 438 16 genetics genetic NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 439 1 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 439 2 reverse reverse JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 439 3 genetics genetics NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 439 4 approach approach NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 439 5 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 439 6 recovery recovery NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 439 7 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 439 8 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 439 9 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 439 10 B b NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 439 11 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 439 12 entirely entirely RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 439 13 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 439 14 cDNA cDNA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 439 15 Rescue Rescue NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 439 16 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 439 17 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 439 18 B b NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 439 19 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 439 20 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 439 21 eight eight CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 439 22 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 439 23 Taming Taming NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 439 24 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 439 25 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 440 1 Specific specific JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 440 2 residues residue NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 440 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 440 4 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 440 5 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 440 6 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 440 7 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 440 8 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 440 9 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 440 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 440 11 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 440 12 important important JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 440 13 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 440 14 efficient efficient JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 440 15 packaging packaging NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 440 16 into into IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 440 17 budding bud VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 440 18 virions virion NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 441 1 Experimental experimental JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 441 2 approaches approach NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 441 3 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 441 4 study study VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 441 5 genome genome NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 441 6 packaging packaging NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 441 7 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 441 8 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 441 9 A a NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 441 10 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 441 11 Plasmid Plasmid NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 441 12 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 441 13 only only JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 441 14 rescue rescue NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 441 15 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 441 16 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 441 17 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 441 18 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 441 19 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 441 20 candidates candidate NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 442 1 Live live VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 442 2 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 442 3 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 442 4 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 442 5 containing contain VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 442 6 NS1 ns1 NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 442 7 truncations truncation NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 442 8 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 442 9 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 442 10 candidates candidate NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 442 11 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 442 12 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 442 13 highly highly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 442 14 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 442 15 avian avian JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 442 16 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 1 Attenuated attenuated JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 2 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 3 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 4 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 5 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 6 modified modify VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 7 NS1 NS1 NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 8 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 9 Efficacy Efficacy NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 10 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 11 intranasal intranasal NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 12 administration administration NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 13 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 14 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 15 truncated truncated JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 16 NS1 ns1 NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 17 modified modify VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 18 live live JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 19 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 20 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 21 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 22 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 23 swine swine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 24 Attenuation attenuation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 25 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 26 equine equine JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 27 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 28 viruses viruse VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 29 through through IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 30 truncations truncation NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 31 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 32 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 33 NS1 ns1 NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 34 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 35 Attenuation attenuation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 36 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 37 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 38 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 39 mice mouse NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 40 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 41 temperature temperature NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 42 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 43 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 44 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 45 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 46 expressing express VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 47 truncated truncate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 48 NS1 NS1 NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 49 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 50 Immunogenicity Immunogenicity NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 51 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 52 protection protection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 53 efficacy efficacy NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 54 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 55 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 56 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 57 deficient deficient JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 58 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 59 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 60 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 61 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 62 altered alter VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 63 NS1 ns1 NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 64 genes gene NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 65 Vaccination vaccination NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 66 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 67 pigs pig NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 68 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 69 swine swine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 70 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 71 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 72 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 73 using use VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 74 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 75 NS1-truncated ns1-truncate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 76 modified modify VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 77 live live NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 78 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 79 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 80 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 81 Mutations Mutations NNPS cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 82 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 83 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 84 NS1 ns1 NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 85 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 86 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 87 swine swine NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 88 influenza influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 89 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 90 impair impair VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 91 anti anti JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 92 - - JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 93 interferon interferon JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 94 activity activity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 95 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 96 confer confer VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 97 attenuation attenuation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 98 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 99 pigs pig NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 100 Characterization characterization NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 101 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 102 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 103 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 104 variants variant NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 105 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 106 different different JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 107 sizes size NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 108 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 109 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 110 non non JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 111 - - JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 112 structural structural JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 113 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 114 NS NS NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 115 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 116 genes gene NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 117 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 118 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 119 potential potential NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 120 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 121 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 122 live live JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 123 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 124 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 125 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 126 poultry poultry NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 127 Development Development NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 128 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 129 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 130 dual dual JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 131 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 132 protective protective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 133 live live NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 134 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 135 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 136 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 137 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 138 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 139 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 140 H9N2 H9N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 141 avian avian JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 142 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 143 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 144 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 145 modifying modify VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 146 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 147 NS1 ns1 NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 148 gene gene NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 149 Canine canine JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 150 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 151 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 152 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 153 modified modify VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 154 NS1 ns1 NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 155 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 156 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 157 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 158 development development NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 159 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 160 live live RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 161 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 162 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 163 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 164 Functional functional JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 165 genomic genomic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 166 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 167 serological serological JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 168 analysis analysis NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 169 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 170 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 171 protective protective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 172 immune immune JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 173 response response NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 174 resulting result VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 175 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 176 vaccination vaccination NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 177 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 178 macaques macaque NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 179 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 180 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 181 NS1-truncated ns1-truncate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 182 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 183 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 443 184 NS1-truncated ns1-truncate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 1 live live RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 2 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 3 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 4 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 5 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 6 provides provide VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 7 robust robust JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 8 protection protection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 9 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 10 aged aged JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 11 mice mouse NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 12 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 13 viral viral JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 14 challenge challenge NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 15 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 16 B B NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 17 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 18 NS1-truncated ns1-truncate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 19 mutants mutant NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 20 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 21 Live live RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 22 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 23 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 24 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 25 approach approach NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 26 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 27 A A NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 28 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 29 B b NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 30 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 31 expressing express VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 32 altered alter VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 33 NS1 ns1 NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 34 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 35 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 36 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 37 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 38 approach approach NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 39 Development Development NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 40 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 41 live live RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 42 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 43 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 44 arenavirus arenavirus NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 45 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 46 based base VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 47 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 48 codon codon NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 444 49 deoptimization deoptimization NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 445 1 Live live VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 1 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 2 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 3 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 4 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 5 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 6 computer computer NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 7 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 8 aided aid VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 9 rational rational JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 10 design design NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 11 Deliberate deliberate JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 12 reduction reduction NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 13 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 14 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 15 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 16 neuraminidase neuraminidase JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 17 expression expression NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 18 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 19 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 20 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 21 leads lead VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 22 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 23 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 24 ultraprotective ultraprotective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 25 live live JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 26 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 27 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 446 28 mice mouse NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 1 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 2 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 3 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 4 incompetent incompetent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 5 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 6 possessing possess VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 7 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 8 uncleavable uncleavable JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 9 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 10 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 11 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 12 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 13 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 14 Pseudotyped Pseudotyped NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 15 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 16 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 17 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 18 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 19 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 20 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 21 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 22 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 23 induction induction NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 24 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 25 heterotypic heterotypic NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 26 immunity immunity NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 27 Characterization characterization NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 28 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 29 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 30 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 31 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 32 deficient deficient JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 33 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 34 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 35 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 36 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 37 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 38 potential potential JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 39 gene gene NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 40 delivery delivery NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 41 vector vector NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 42 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 43 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 44 live live JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 45 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 46 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 47 novel novel JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 48 bivalent bivalent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 49 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 50 based base VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 51 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 52 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 53 PB2-knockout pb2-knockout NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 54 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 55 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 56 protects protect VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 57 mice mouse NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 58 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 59 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 60 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 61 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 62 highly highly RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 63 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 64 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 65 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 66 challenges challenge VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 67 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 68 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 69 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 70 incompetent incompetent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 71 PB2-knockout PB2-knockout NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 72 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 73 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 74 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 75 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 76 vector vector NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 77 Induction Induction NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 78 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 79 CD8 CD8 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 80 T T NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 81 cell cell NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 82 heterologous heterologous NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 83 protection protection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 84 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 85 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 86 single single JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 87 dose dose NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 88 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 89 single single JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 90 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 91 cycle cycle NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 92 infectious infectious JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 93 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 447 94 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 448 1 An an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 448 2 eight eight CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 448 3 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 448 4 segment segment NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 448 5 swine swine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 448 6 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 448 7 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 448 8 harboring harbor VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 448 9 H1 H1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 448 10 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 448 11 H3 H3 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 448 12 hemagglutinins hemagglutinins NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 448 13 is be VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 448 14 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 448 15 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 448 16 protective protective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 448 17 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 448 18 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 448 19 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 448 20 H3N2 H3N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 448 21 subtypes subtype NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 448 22 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 448 23 pigs pig NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 1 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 2 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 3 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 4 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 5 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 6 expressing express VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 7 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 8 f f NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 9 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 10 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 11 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 12 syncytial syncytial JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 13 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 14 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 15 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 16 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 17 incompetent incompetent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 18 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 19 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 20 bearing bear VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 21 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 22 hn hn NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 23 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 24 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 25 human human JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 26 parainfluenza parainfluenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 27 virus virus NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 28 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 29 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 30 bivalent bivalent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 31 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 32 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 33 bivalent bivalent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 34 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 35 based base VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 36 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 37 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 38 replication replication NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 39 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 40 incompetent incompetent JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 41 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 42 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 43 protects protect VBZ cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 44 against against IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 45 streptococcus streptococcus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 46 pneumoniae pneumoniae NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 47 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 48 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 49 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 50 infection infection NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 51 Influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 52 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 53 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 54 rearranged rearrange VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 55 genomes genome NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 56 as as IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 57 live live RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 58 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 59 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 60 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 61 Rearrangement rearrangement NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 62 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 63 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 64 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 65 spliced splice VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 66 segments segment NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 67 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 68 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 69 development development NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 70 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 71 live live RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 72 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 73 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 74 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 75 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 76 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 77 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 78 wealth wealth NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 79 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 80 knowledge knowledge NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 81 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 82 improve improve VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 83 pandemic pandemic NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 84 preparedness preparedness NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 85 Role role NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 86 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 87 quail quail NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 88 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 89 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 90 interspecies interspecie NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 91 transmission transmission NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 92 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 93 H9 H9 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 94 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 95 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 449 96 viruses virus NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 1 : : : cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 2 Molecular molecular JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 3 changes change NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 4 on on IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 5 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 6 that that WDT cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 7 correspond correspond VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 8 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 9 adaptation adaptation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 10 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 11 ducks duck NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 12 to to IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 13 chickens chicken NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 14 M2e m2e NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 15 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 16 based base VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 17 universal universal JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 18 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 19 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 20 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 21 Structure Structure NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 22 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 23 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 24 haemagglutinin haemagglutinin NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 25 membrane membrane NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 26 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 27 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 28 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 29 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 30 at at IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 31 3 3 CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 32 A a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 33 resolution resolution NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 34 Universal Universal NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 35 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 36 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 37 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 38 a a DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 39 dream dream NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 40 to to TO cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 41 be be VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 42 realized realize VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 450 43 soon soon RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 1 In in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 2 vitro vitro FW cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 3 stimulation stimulation NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 4 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 5 human human JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 6 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 7 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 8 specific specific JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 9 CD8 CD8 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 10 + + CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 11 T t NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 12 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 13 by by IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 14 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 15 cells cell NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 16 pulsed pulse VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 17 with with IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 18 an an DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 19 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 20 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 21 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 22 like like JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 23 particle particle NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 25 VLP VLP NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 27 vaccine vaccine NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 451 28 . . . cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 1 Vaccine Vaccine NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 2 Formation Formation NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 3 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 4 wild wild JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 5 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 6 type type NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 7 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 8 chimeric chimeric JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 9 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 10 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 11 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 12 like like JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 13 particles particle NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 14 following follow VBG cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 15 simultaneous simultaneous JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 16 expression expression NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 17 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 18 only only RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 19 four four CD cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 20 structural structural JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 21 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 22 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 23 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 24 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 25 like like JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 26 particles particle NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 27 comprised comprise VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 28 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 29 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 30 HA HA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 31 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 32 NA NA NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 33 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 34 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 35 M1 M1 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 36 proteins protein NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 37 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 38 H9N2 H9N2 NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 39 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 40 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 41 induce induce VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 42 protective protective JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 43 immune immune JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 44 responses response NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 45 in in IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 46 BALB BALB NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 47 / / SYM cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 48 c c NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 49 mice mouse NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 50 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 51 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 52 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 53 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 54 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 55 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 56 but but CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 57 not not RB cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 58 the the DT cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 59 matrix matrix NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 60 protein protein NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 61 , , , cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 62 are be VBP cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 63 required require VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 64 for for IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 65 assembly assembly NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 66 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 67 budding budding NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 68 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 69 plasmid plasmid NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 70 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 71 derived derive VBN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 72 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 73 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 74 like like JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 75 particles particle NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 76 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 77 virus virus NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 78 - - HYPH cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 79 like like JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 80 particle particle NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 81 can can MD cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 82 accommodate accommodate VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 83 multiple multiple JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 84 subtypes subtype NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 85 of of IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 86 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 87 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 88 protect protect VB cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 89 from from IN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 90 multiple multiple JJ cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 91 influenza influenza NN cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 92 types type NNS cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 93 and and CC cord-002407-25cawzi0 452 94 subtypes subtype NNS