Carrel name: keyword-kawasaki-cord Creating study carrel named keyword-kawasaki-cord Initializing database file: cache/cord-007277-86lynlxn.json key: cord-007277-86lynlxn authors: Kenneth, McIntosh title: Coronaviruses in the Limelight date: 2005-02-15 journal: J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1086/428510 sha: doc_id: 7277 cord_uid: 86lynlxn file: cache/cord-003713-n3o8lwu4.json key: cord-003713-n3o8lwu4 authors: Min, Dong Eun; Kim, Do Hee; Han, Mi Young; Cha, Sung Ho; Yoon, Kyung Lim title: High antistreptolysin O titer is associated with coronary artery lesions in patients with Kawasaki disease date: 2018-11-07 journal: Korean J Pediatr DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2018.06989 sha: doc_id: 3713 cord_uid: n3o8lwu4 file: cache/cord-017245-kxqh32ip.json key: cord-017245-kxqh32ip authors: Sharma, Avinash; Singh, Surjit title: Kawasaki Disease date: 2016-06-02 journal: Pediatric Rheumatology DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1750-6_35 sha: doc_id: 17245 cord_uid: kxqh32ip file: cache/cord-256642-payjduek.json key: cord-256642-payjduek authors: Muthuvelu, Sobana; Lim, Kev Shiau-Chong; Huang, Ling-Yin; Chin, Shi-Tying; Mohan, Anand title: Measles infection causing Bacillus Calmette-Guérin reactivation: a case report date: 2019-07-24 journal: BMC Pediatr DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1635-z sha: doc_id: 256642 cord_uid: payjduek file: cache/cord-018638-4pyjhpbk.json key: cord-018638-4pyjhpbk authors: Pilania, Rakesh Kumar; Singh, Surjit title: Kawasaki Disease date: 2019-10-30 journal: Periodic and Non-Periodic Fevers DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-19055-2_4 sha: doc_id: 18638 cord_uid: 4pyjhpbk file: cache/cord-017161-lcqrd4v0.json key: cord-017161-lcqrd4v0 authors: Eleftheriou, Despina; Brogan, Paul A. title: The Molecular Biology and Treatment of Systemic Vasculitis in Children date: 2012-02-23 journal: Molecular and Translational Vascular Medicine DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-906-8_2 sha: doc_id: 17161 cord_uid: lcqrd4v0 file: cache/cord-283349-9x2d1qip.json key: cord-283349-9x2d1qip authors: Paolino, Jonathan; Williams, David A. title: Peripheral blood smears of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome demonstrate prominence of early myeloid forms with morphologic evidence of toxic change date: 2020-07-24 journal: Pediatr Blood Cancer DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28551 sha: doc_id: 283349 cord_uid: 9x2d1qip file: cache/cord-270035-1e1wzdri.json key: cord-270035-1e1wzdri authors: Cazzaniga, Marco; Baselli, Lucia Augusta; Cimaz, Rolando; Guez, Sophie Suzanne; Pinzani, Raffaella; Dellepiane, Rosa Maria title: SARS-COV-2 Infection and Kawasaki Disease: Case Report of a Hitherto Unrecognized Association date: 2020-07-03 journal: Front Pediatr DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00398 sha: doc_id: 270035 cord_uid: 1e1wzdri file: cache/cord-309317-cgs0sui7.json key: cord-309317-cgs0sui7 authors: Galeotti, Caroline; Bayry, Jagadeesh title: Autoimmune and inflammatory diseases following COVID-19 date: 2020-06-04 journal: Nat Rev Rheumatol DOI: 10.1038/s41584-020-0448-7 sha: doc_id: 309317 cord_uid: cgs0sui7 file: cache/cord-286607-5i406twr.json key: cord-286607-5i406twr authors: Esposito, Susanna; Polinori, Ilaria; Rigante, Donato title: The Gut Microbiota-Host Partnership as a Potential Driver of Kawasaki Syndrome date: 2019-04-05 journal: Front Pediatr DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00124 sha: doc_id: 286607 cord_uid: 5i406twr file: cache/cord-259996-uhrhsrky.json key: cord-259996-uhrhsrky authors: Lee, Seul Bee; Choi, Han Seul; Son, Sejung; Hong, Young Mi title: Cardiac Function in Kawasaki Disease Patients with Respiratory Symptoms date: 2015-07-16 journal: Korean Circ J DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2015.45.4.317 sha: doc_id: 259996 cord_uid: uhrhsrky file: cache/cord-293714-s6ezxi5r.json key: cord-293714-s6ezxi5r authors: Principi, Nicola; Rigante, Donato; Esposito, Susanna title: The role of infection in Kawasaki syndrome date: 2013-04-18 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.04.004 sha: doc_id: 293714 cord_uid: s6ezxi5r file: cache/cord-294729-c9f0iokr.json key: cord-294729-c9f0iokr authors: Orr, William B.; Elward, Alexis M.; Lin, John C.; Reich, Patrick J.; Scheel, Janet N.; Hayes, Ericka V.; Remy, Kenneth E. title: Delayed Development of Coronary Artery Dilitation in Suspected Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome: More Research Needed date: 2020-10-01 journal: Crit Care Explor DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000236 sha: doc_id: 294729 cord_uid: c9f0iokr file: cache/cord-278761-cqrggpmj.json key: cord-278761-cqrggpmj authors: Manus, Jean-Marie title: Sars-CoV-2 et Kawasaki, rapprochement à risque date: 2020-07-01 journal: Rev Francoph Lab DOI: 10.1016/s1773-035x(20)30215-x sha: doc_id: 278761 cord_uid: cqrggpmj file: cache/cord-299870-4ulmbn1r.json key: cord-299870-4ulmbn1r authors: Ferrara, Giovanna; Giani, Teresa; Caparello, Maria Costanza; Farella, Carla; Gamalero, Lisa; Cimaz, Rolando title: Anakinra for Treatment-Resistant Kawasaki Disease: Evidence from a Literature Review date: 2020-09-03 journal: Paediatr Drugs DOI: 10.1007/s40272-020-00421-3 sha: doc_id: 299870 cord_uid: 4ulmbn1r file: cache/cord-277908-d26xzean.json key: cord-277908-d26xzean authors: Kuo, Ho-Chang title: Kawasaki-like disease among Italian children in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-08-18 journal: J Pediatr DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.07.022 sha: doc_id: 277908 cord_uid: d26xzean file: cache/cord-314662-nem6dw34.json key: cord-314662-nem6dw34 authors: Nakra, Natasha A.; Blumberg, Dean A.; Herrera-Guerra, Angel; Lakshminrusimha, Satyan title: Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Review of Clinical Presentation, Hypothetical Pathogenesis, and Proposed Management date: 2020-07-01 journal: Children (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/children7070069 sha: doc_id: 314662 cord_uid: nem6dw34 file: cache/cord-323202-kcy8xoos.json key: cord-323202-kcy8xoos authors: Burns, Jane C.; DeHaan, Laurel L.; Shimizu, Chisato; Bainto, Emelia V.; Tremoulet, Adriana H.; Cayan, Daniel R.; Burney, Jennifer A. title: Temporal Clusters of Kawasaki Disease Cases Share Distinct Phenotypes That Suggest Response to Diverse Triggers date: 2020-09-22 journal: J Pediatr DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.09.043 sha: doc_id: 323202 cord_uid: kcy8xoos file: cache/cord-280280-9jr7ekbu.json key: cord-280280-9jr7ekbu authors: Bertoncelli, Deborah; Guidarini, Marta; Della Greca, Anna; Ratti, Chiara; Falcinella, Francesca; Iovane, Brunella; Dutto, Mauro Luigi; Caffarelli, Carlo; Tchana, Bertrand title: COVID19: potential cardiovascular issues in pediatric patients date: 2020-05-11 journal: Acta Biomed DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9655 sha: doc_id: 280280 cord_uid: 9jr7ekbu file: cache/cord-000627-gvzs9vxr.json key: cord-000627-gvzs9vxr authors: Yang, Ya-Ling; Chang, Wei-Pin; Hsu, Yu-Wen; Chen, Wei-Chiao; Yu, Hong-Ren; Liang, Chi-Di; Tsai, Yao-Ting; Huang, Ying-Hsien; Yang, Kuender D.; Kuo, Ho-Chang; Chang, Wei-Chiao title: Lack of Association between CLEC5A Gene Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Kawasaki Disease in Taiwanese Children date: 2011-12-22 journal: J Biomed Biotechnol DOI: 10.1155/2012/398628 sha: doc_id: 627 cord_uid: gvzs9vxr file: cache/cord-353229-k3zerr83.json key: cord-353229-k3zerr83 authors: Akca, Ummusen Kaya; Kesici, Selman; Ozsurekci, Yasemin; Aykan, Hayrettin Hakan; Batu, Ezgi Deniz; Atalay, Erdal; Demir, Selcan; Sag, Erdal; Vuralli, Dogus; Bayrakci, Benan; Bilginer, Yelda; Ozen, Seza title: Kawasaki-like disease in children with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-16 journal: Rheumatol Int DOI: 10.1007/s00296-020-04701-6 sha: doc_id: 353229 cord_uid: k3zerr83 file: cache/cord-343387-7el80yby.json key: cord-343387-7el80yby authors: Gallizzi, Romina; Corsello, Giovanni; Pajno, Giovanni Battista title: Kawasaki disease epidemic: pitfalls date: 2020-08-27 journal: Ital J Pediatr DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00887-4 sha: doc_id: 343387 cord_uid: 7el80yby file: cache/cord-301160-7ik3iszp.json key: cord-301160-7ik3iszp authors: Lee, Kyung-Yil; Rhim, Jung-Woo; Kang, Jin-Han title: Kawasaki Disease: Laboratory Findings and an Immunopathogenesis on the Premise of a "Protein Homeostasis System" date: 2012-03-01 journal: Yonsei Med J DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2012.53.2.262 sha: doc_id: 301160 cord_uid: 7ik3iszp file: cache/cord-027870-cuvfy4pj.json key: cord-027870-cuvfy4pj authors: Baselga, Eulalia; Torrelo, Antonio title: Inflammatory and Purpuric Eruptions date: 2020-06-22 journal: Neonatal Dermatology DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-3432-2.50022-4 sha: doc_id: 27870 cord_uid: cuvfy4pj file: cache/cord-304533-qwbbsg14.json key: cord-304533-qwbbsg14 authors: Jones, Imogen; Bell, Lucy C K; Manson, Jessica J; Last, Anna title: An adult presentation consistent with PIMS-TS date: 2020-07-10 journal: Lancet Rheumatol DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(20)30234-4 sha: doc_id: 304533 cord_uid: qwbbsg14 file: cache/cord-030192-ebsh62ll.json key: cord-030192-ebsh62ll authors: Winant, Abbey J.; Blumfield, Einat; Liszewski, Mark C.; Kurian, Jessica; Foust, Alexandra; Lee, Edward Y. title: Thoracic Imaging Findings of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with COVID-19: What Radiologists Need to Know Now date: 2020-07-30 journal: Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging DOI: 10.1148/ryct.2020200346 sha: doc_id: 30192 cord_uid: ebsh62ll file: cache/cord-315001-1ui27pkc.json key: cord-315001-1ui27pkc authors: Peterson, Nicholas; Sagdeo, Kaustubh; Tyungu, Donna; Harper, Cristin; Mihaylo, Kyle; Pollak-Christian, Elza title: Discovering Associations: Kawasaki Disease and COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 journal: Case Rep Pediatr DOI: 10.1155/2020/8880242 sha: doc_id: 315001 cord_uid: 1ui27pkc file: cache/cord-253056-765rs3e7.json key: cord-253056-765rs3e7 authors: Dionne, Audrey; Le, Cathie-Kim; Poupart, Steffany; Autmizguine, Julie; Meloche-Dumas, Léamarie; Turgeon, Jean; Fournier, Anne; Dahdah, Nagib title: Profile of resistance to IVIG treatment in patients with Kawasaki disease and concomitant infection date: 2018-10-17 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206001 sha: doc_id: 253056 cord_uid: 765rs3e7 file: cache/cord-300216-3mvfiuwc.json key: cord-300216-3mvfiuwc authors: Montenegro-Villalobos, Jiulliana; Miranda-Jiménez, Brian; Ávila-Aguero, María L; Ulloa-Gutierrez, Rolando title: Subconjunctival Acute Bilateral Hemorrhages Due to Kawasaki Disease in a Costa Rican Girl: An Unusual Clinical Manifestation of the Disease date: 2020-09-02 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10212 sha: doc_id: 300216 cord_uid: 3mvfiuwc file: cache/cord-342372-2g9sq36w.json key: cord-342372-2g9sq36w authors: Zhu, Frank H.; Ang, Jocelyn Y. title: The Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease: a Review and Update date: 2016-09-28 journal: Curr Infect Dis Rep DOI: 10.1007/s11908-016-0538-5 sha: doc_id: 342372 cord_uid: 2g9sq36w file: cache/cord-292719-n5lg43tr.json key: cord-292719-n5lg43tr authors: Chang, Luan-Yin; Lu, Chun-Yi; Shao, Pei-Lan; Lee, Ping-Ing; Lin, Ming-Tai; Fan, Tsui-Yien; Cheng, Ai-Ling; Lee, Wan-Ling; Hu, Jen-Jan; Yeh, Shu-Jen; Chang, Chien-Chih; Chiang, Bor-Luen; Wu, Mei-Hwan; Huang, Li-Min title: Viral infections associated with Kawasaki disease date: 2014-02-01 journal: J Formos Med Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2013.12.008 sha: doc_id: 292719 cord_uid: n5lg43tr file: cache/cord-024189-t7mbsr25.json key: cord-024189-t7mbsr25 authors: Weyand, Cornelia M.; Goronzy, Jörg J. title: Vasculitides date: 2008 journal: Primer on the Rheumatic Diseases DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-68566-3_21 sha: doc_id: 24189 cord_uid: t7mbsr25 file: cache/cord-301107-0njnjqeb.json key: cord-301107-0njnjqeb authors: Dursun, Recep; Temiz, Selami Aykut title: The Clinics of HHV‐6 infection in COVID‐19 pandemic: Pityriasis rosea and Kawasaki disease date: 2020-05-31 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13730 sha: doc_id: 301107 cord_uid: 0njnjqeb file: cache/cord-261058-yu2qw02l.json key: cord-261058-yu2qw02l authors: Burgner, David; Harnden, Anthony title: Kawasaki disease: What is the epidemiology telling us about the etiology? date: 2005-06-03 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2005.03.002 sha: doc_id: 261058 cord_uid: yu2qw02l file: cache/cord-331249-jrzgqq8q.json key: cord-331249-jrzgqq8q authors: del Castillo Martín, Fernando title: Enfermedad de kawasaki date: 2006-06-30 journal: Seminarios de la Fundación Española de Reumatología DOI: 10.1016/s1577-3566(06)75082-5 sha: doc_id: 331249 cord_uid: jrzgqq8q file: cache/cord-269170-9f460xbq.json key: cord-269170-9f460xbq authors: Kaneko, Kazunari; Akagawa, Shohei; Akagawa, Yuko; Kimata, Takahisa; Tsuji, Shoji title: Our Evolving Understanding of Kawasaki Disease Pathogenesis: Role of the Gut Microbiota date: 2020-07-24 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01616 sha: doc_id: 269170 cord_uid: 9f460xbq file: cache/cord-333145-a20dlaxn.json key: cord-333145-a20dlaxn authors: Johnson, Todd A.; Mashimo, Yoichi; Wu, Jer-Yuarn; Yoon, Dankyu; Hata, Akira; Kubo, Michiaki; Takahashi, Atsushi; Tsunoda, Tatsuhiko; Ozaki, Kouichi; Tanaka, Toshihiro; Ito, Kaoru; Suzuki, Hiroyuki; Hamada, Hiromichi; Kobayashi, Tohru; Hara, Toshiro; Chen, Chien-Hsiun; Lee, Yi-Ching; Liu, Yi-Min; Chang, Li-Ching; Chang, Chun-Ping; Hong, Young-Mi; Jang, Gi-Young; Yun, Sin-Weon; Yu, Jeong-Jin; Lee, Kyung-Yil; Kim, Jae-Jung; Park, Taesung; Lee, Jong-Keuk; Chen, Yuan-Tsong; Onouchi, Yoshihiro title: Association of an IGHV3-66 gene variant with Kawasaki disease date: 2020-10-26 journal: J Hum Genet DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-00864-z sha: doc_id: 333145 cord_uid: a20dlaxn file: cache/cord-312486-rumqopg0.json key: cord-312486-rumqopg0 authors: Jacob, Chaim Oscar title: On the genetics and immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-10 journal: Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108591 sha: doc_id: 312486 cord_uid: rumqopg0 Reading metadata file and updating bibliogrpahics === updating bibliographic database Building study carrel named keyword-kawasaki-cord === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304533-qwbbsg14 author: Jones, Imogen title: An adult presentation consistent with PIMS-TS date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304533-qwbbsg14.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304533-qwbbsg14.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-304533-qwbbsg14.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278761-cqrggpmj author: Manus, Jean-Marie title: Sars-CoV-2 et Kawasaki, rapprochement à risque date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278761-cqrggpmj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278761-cqrggpmj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278761-cqrggpmj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283349-9x2d1qip author: Paolino, Jonathan title: Peripheral blood smears of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome demonstrate prominence of early myeloid forms with morphologic evidence of toxic change date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283349-9x2d1qip.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283349-9x2d1qip.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283349-9x2d1qip.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315001-1ui27pkc author: Peterson, Nicholas title: Discovering Associations: Kawasaki Disease and COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315001-1ui27pkc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315001-1ui27pkc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315001-1ui27pkc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309317-cgs0sui7 author: Galeotti, Caroline title: Autoimmune and inflammatory diseases following COVID-19 date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309317-cgs0sui7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309317-cgs0sui7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309317-cgs0sui7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300216-3mvfiuwc author: Montenegro-Villalobos, Jiulliana title: Subconjunctival Acute Bilateral Hemorrhages Due to Kawasaki Disease in a Costa Rican Girl: An Unusual Clinical Manifestation of the Disease date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300216-3mvfiuwc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300216-3mvfiuwc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300216-3mvfiuwc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343387-7el80yby author: Gallizzi, Romina title: Kawasaki disease epidemic: pitfalls date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343387-7el80yby.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343387-7el80yby.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343387-7el80yby.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270035-1e1wzdri author: Cazzaniga, Marco title: SARS-COV-2 Infection and Kawasaki Disease: Case Report of a Hitherto Unrecognized Association date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270035-1e1wzdri.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270035-1e1wzdri.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270035-1e1wzdri.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-007277-86lynlxn author: Kenneth, McIntosh title: Coronaviruses in the Limelight date: 2005-02-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-007277-86lynlxn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-007277-86lynlxn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-007277-86lynlxn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301107-0njnjqeb author: Dursun, Recep title: The Clinics of HHV‐6 infection in COVID‐19 pandemic: Pityriasis rosea and Kawasaki disease date: 2020-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301107-0njnjqeb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301107-0njnjqeb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301107-0njnjqeb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253056-765rs3e7 author: Dionne, Audrey title: Profile of resistance to IVIG treatment in patients with Kawasaki disease and concomitant infection date: 2018-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253056-765rs3e7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253056-765rs3e7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-253056-765rs3e7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-000627-gvzs9vxr author: Yang, Ya-Ling title: Lack of Association between CLEC5A Gene Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Kawasaki Disease in Taiwanese Children date: 2011-12-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-000627-gvzs9vxr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-000627-gvzs9vxr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-000627-gvzs9vxr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294729-c9f0iokr author: Orr, William B. title: Delayed Development of Coronary Artery Dilitation in Suspected Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome: More Research Needed date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294729-c9f0iokr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294729-c9f0iokr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294729-c9f0iokr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017245-kxqh32ip author: Sharma, Avinash title: Kawasaki Disease date: 2016-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017245-kxqh32ip.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017245-kxqh32ip.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-017245-kxqh32ip.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256642-payjduek author: Muthuvelu, Sobana title: Measles infection causing Bacillus Calmette-Guérin reactivation: a case report date: 2019-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256642-payjduek.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256642-payjduek.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256642-payjduek.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277908-d26xzean author: Kuo, Ho-Chang title: Kawasaki-like disease among Italian children in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277908-d26xzean.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277908-d26xzean.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277908-d26xzean.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-003713-n3o8lwu4 author: Min, Dong Eun title: High antistreptolysin O titer is associated with coronary artery lesions in patients with Kawasaki disease date: 2018-11-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-003713-n3o8lwu4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-003713-n3o8lwu4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-003713-n3o8lwu4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292719-n5lg43tr author: Chang, Luan-Yin title: Viral infections associated with Kawasaki disease date: 2014-02-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292719-n5lg43tr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292719-n5lg43tr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292719-n5lg43tr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323202-kcy8xoos author: Burns, Jane C. title: Temporal Clusters of Kawasaki Disease Cases Share Distinct Phenotypes That Suggest Response to Diverse Triggers date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323202-kcy8xoos.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323202-kcy8xoos.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323202-kcy8xoos.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259996-uhrhsrky author: Lee, Seul Bee title: Cardiac Function in Kawasaki Disease Patients with Respiratory Symptoms date: 2015-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259996-uhrhsrky.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259996-uhrhsrky.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-259996-uhrhsrky.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280280-9jr7ekbu author: Bertoncelli, Deborah title: COVID19: potential cardiovascular issues in pediatric patients date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280280-9jr7ekbu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280280-9jr7ekbu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-280280-9jr7ekbu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030192-ebsh62ll author: Winant, Abbey J. title: Thoracic Imaging Findings of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with COVID-19: What Radiologists Need to Know Now date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030192-ebsh62ll.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030192-ebsh62ll.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-030192-ebsh62ll.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299870-4ulmbn1r author: Ferrara, Giovanna title: Anakinra for Treatment-Resistant Kawasaki Disease: Evidence from a Literature Review date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299870-4ulmbn1r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299870-4ulmbn1r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-299870-4ulmbn1r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018638-4pyjhpbk author: Pilania, Rakesh Kumar title: Kawasaki Disease date: 2019-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018638-4pyjhpbk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018638-4pyjhpbk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-018638-4pyjhpbk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353229-k3zerr83 author: Akca, Ummusen Kaya title: Kawasaki-like disease in children with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353229-k3zerr83.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353229-k3zerr83.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353229-k3zerr83.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293714-s6ezxi5r author: Principi, Nicola title: The role of infection in Kawasaki syndrome date: 2013-04-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293714-s6ezxi5r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293714-s6ezxi5r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293714-s6ezxi5r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342372-2g9sq36w author: Zhu, Frank H. title: The Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease: a Review and Update date: 2016-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342372-2g9sq36w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342372-2g9sq36w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-342372-2g9sq36w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269170-9f460xbq author: Kaneko, Kazunari title: Our Evolving Understanding of Kawasaki Disease Pathogenesis: Role of the Gut Microbiota date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269170-9f460xbq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269170-9f460xbq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-269170-9f460xbq.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 34508 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261058-yu2qw02l author: Burgner, David title: Kawasaki disease: What is the epidemiology telling us about the etiology? date: 2005-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261058-yu2qw02l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261058-yu2qw02l.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-261058-yu2qw02l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314662-nem6dw34 author: Nakra, Natasha A. title: Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Review of Clinical Presentation, Hypothetical Pathogenesis, and Proposed Management date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314662-nem6dw34.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314662-nem6dw34.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314662-nem6dw34.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286607-5i406twr author: Esposito, Susanna title: The Gut Microbiota-Host Partnership as a Potential Driver of Kawasaki Syndrome date: 2019-04-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286607-5i406twr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286607-5i406twr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286607-5i406twr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331249-jrzgqq8q author: del Castillo Martín, Fernando title: Enfermedad de kawasaki date: 2006-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331249-jrzgqq8q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331249-jrzgqq8q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331249-jrzgqq8q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333145-a20dlaxn author: Johnson, Todd A. title: Association of an IGHV3-66 gene variant with Kawasaki disease date: 2020-10-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333145-a20dlaxn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333145-a20dlaxn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333145-a20dlaxn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301160-7ik3iszp author: Lee, Kyung-Yil title: Kawasaki Disease: Laboratory Findings and an Immunopathogenesis on the Premise of a "Protein Homeostasis System" date: 2012-03-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301160-7ik3iszp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301160-7ik3iszp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301160-7ik3iszp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312486-rumqopg0 author: Jacob, Chaim Oscar title: On the genetics and immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312486-rumqopg0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312486-rumqopg0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-312486-rumqopg0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017161-lcqrd4v0 author: Eleftheriou, Despina title: The Molecular Biology and Treatment of Systemic Vasculitis in Children date: 2012-02-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017161-lcqrd4v0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017161-lcqrd4v0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-017161-lcqrd4v0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-027870-cuvfy4pj author: Baselga, Eulalia title: Inflammatory and Purpuric Eruptions date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-027870-cuvfy4pj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-027870-cuvfy4pj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-027870-cuvfy4pj.txt' Que is empty; done keyword-kawasaki-cord === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-007277-86lynlxn author = Kenneth, McIntosh title = Coronaviruses in the Limelight date = 2005-02-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2013 sentences = 96 flesch = 46 summary = started their work), but rather that, in some of the earliest work on CoVs during the 1960s, viruses were reported that were then forgotten-viruses that came from adults with respiratory illness, that grew only in human embryonic tracheal organ culture, that caused illness in volunteers, and that were not, or were only distantly, antigenically related to the 2 HCoV species that were subsequently the best studied, HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43. However, the details from Esper et al.'s study-the seasonal distribution, the percentage of positive samples, the associated respiratory syndromes, and the numbers of infected children at various ages, for example-were heavily influenced by both the particular population that was investigated and the clinical setting, so it is essentially impossible to draw conclusions on the epidemiology, pathogenicity, and relative importance of HCoV-NH in relation to other respiratory viruses. Evidence of a novel human coronavirus that is associated with respiratory tract disease in infants and young children cache = ./cache/cord-007277-86lynlxn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-007277-86lynlxn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017245-kxqh32ip author = Sharma, Avinash title = Kawasaki Disease date = 2016-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4092 sentences = 254 flesch = 57 summary = Initially described in 1967 by Dr. Tomisaku Kawasaki in Japanese children as an acute mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome [ 1 -3 ] , KD may lead to coronary artery abnormalities (CAAs) in up to 25 % of patients if left untreated. Japan reports the highest incidence of KD in the world -the present fi gure being 265/100,000 children below the age of 5 years. In the years to come, KD may soon replace rheumatic fever to become the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in India, just as in Japan, Europe and North America. If a child has fever for less than 5 days or has less than four criteria, the presence of coronary artery abnormalities (CAAs) detected on 2D echocardiography would also suggest a diagnosis of KD [ 17 ] . A replication study for association of ITPKC and CASP3 two-locus analysis in IVIG unresponsiveness and coronary artery lesion in Kawasaki disease cache = ./cache/cord-017245-kxqh32ip.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017245-kxqh32ip.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-003713-n3o8lwu4 author = Min, Dong Eun title = High antistreptolysin O titer is associated with coronary artery lesions in patients with Kawasaki disease date = 2018-11-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2783 sentences = 169 flesch = 56 summary = title: High antistreptolysin O titer is associated with coronary artery lesions in patients with Kawasaki disease PURPOSE: In Kawasaki disease (KD) patients, coronary artery complications, incomplete and refractory types occur more frequently in patients with streptococcal or other bacterial/viral infections. Therefore, we hypothesized that KD patients diagnosed with concurrent streptococcal infection have poor prognoses, with respect to treatment response and development of coronary artery lesions. CONCLUSION: It is not certain whether acute streptococcal infection may cause KD, but this study revealed that KD with high ASO titers showed higher rates of severe clinical course. A good clinical course group is defined as fever subsiding within 36 hours after the end of first IVIG treatment without any coronary artery abnormalities. All patients in the good clinical course group had complete KD, fevers that subsided within 36 hours after the first IVIG treatment, and normal coronary arteries. cache = ./cache/cord-003713-n3o8lwu4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-003713-n3o8lwu4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256642-payjduek author = Muthuvelu, Sobana title = Measles infection causing Bacillus Calmette-Guérin reactivation: a case report date = 2019-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2775 sentences = 145 flesch = 46 summary = BACKGROUND: Reactivation of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), manifesting as erythema, induration, ulceration or crust formation at a previous BCG inoculation site, is a common and highly specific feature of Kawasaki disease (KD). CONCLUSIONS: This case report highlights the rare finding of BCG reactivation in a child with confirmed measles infection, and suggests that this clinical manifestation may occasionally occur in children with infections or conditions other than KD. Reactivation of the BCG, manifesting as erythema, induration, ulceration or crust formation at the BCG site months or years after inoculation, has been described as an important feature of Kawasaki disease (KD) [5, 6] . Here, we present a case report of a 7-month old infant with laboratory-confirmed measles who presented with erythema and induration at the BCG inoculation site. Apart from those to confirm the measles infection, no laboratory investigations were undertaken to determine if additional viral pathogens were present in the patient and contributed to the development of the BCG reactivation. cache = ./cache/cord-256642-payjduek.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256642-payjduek.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018638-4pyjhpbk author = Pilania, Rakesh Kumar title = Kawasaki Disease date = 2019-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5674 sentences = 378 flesch = 50 summary = Acute non-purulent cervical lymphadenopathy Table 4 .2 AHA 2017 diagnostic criteria for KD [28] Diagnosis of classic KD can be proffered in the presence of fever for at least 5 days associated with at least 4 of the 5 following principal clinical features. Cervical lymphadenopathy (>1.5 cm diameter), usually unilateral A careful history may reveal that ≥1 principal clinical features were present during the illness but resolved by the time of presentation Exclusion of other diseases with similar findings (e.g., scarlet fever, viral infections like measles, adenovirus, enterovirus, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic shock syndrome, drug hypersensitivity reactions, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis) unusual for KD. Perianal desquamation is virtually pathognomonic of KD and is a useful clinical sign for diagnosis of the disease during the acute phase ( Fig. 4 .3c). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Kawasaki disease and factors associated with coronary artery abnormalities in East China: nine years experience cache = ./cache/cord-018638-4pyjhpbk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018638-4pyjhpbk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017161-lcqrd4v0 author = Eleftheriou, Despina title = The Molecular Biology and Treatment of Systemic Vasculitis in Children date = 2012-02-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13314 sentences = 635 flesch = 37 summary = Apart from relatively common vasculitides such as Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) and Kawasaki disease (KD), most of the primary vasculitic syndromes are rare in childhood, but when present are associated with signi fi cant morbidity and mortality [ 2, 3 ] . This chapter summarizes the fi ndings of recent studies relating to the pathogenesis of systemic vasculitis, and considers HSP, KD, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)-associated vasculitis, polyarteritis nodosa and Takayasu arteritis (TA). The common features between this murine model and the human disease include an infectious trigger leading to immune activation; disease susceptibility in the young; a time course similar to that seen clinically in KD; similar pathology of coronary arteritis; and response to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment [ 55 ] . Additional data TNF-a -308A associated with increased intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) resistance [ 82 ] Interleukin-10 (IL10) IL-10 gene promoter polymorphisms in fl uence risk of CAA [ 82 ] Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (KDR) cache = ./cache/cord-017161-lcqrd4v0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017161-lcqrd4v0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283349-9x2d1qip author = Paolino, Jonathan title = Peripheral blood smears of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome demonstrate prominence of early myeloid forms with morphologic evidence of toxic change date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 864 sentences = 55 flesch = 44 summary = title: Peripheral blood smears of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome demonstrate prominence of early myeloid forms with morphologic evidence of toxic change There is a growing body of evidence that suggests that children have largely been spared of much of the morbidity associated with the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic 1,2 Over the last several weeks, however, there has been an increasing awareness and understanding of a hyperinflammatory shock syndrome that appears to mimic some aspects of Kawasaki disease in some pediatric patients. While the role that neutrophils play in the development of Kawasaki disease continues to be clarified, it is described in the literature that higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios (NLRs) may portend an increased risk of resistance to treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin as well as development of coronary aneurysms 6, 7 Indeed, there is also evidence that suggests that higher NLRs in patients with COVID-19 are associated with increased levels of inflammation and clinical severity. cache = ./cache/cord-283349-9x2d1qip.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283349-9x2d1qip.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270035-1e1wzdri author = Cazzaniga, Marco title = SARS-COV-2 Infection and Kawasaki Disease: Case Report of a Hitherto Unrecognized Association date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2076 sentences = 109 flesch = 43 summary = The association of Kawasaki disease and COVID-19 infection has to our knowledge been reported only once (5), we report a second case from Italy, currently the third most affected country in the world with regard to number of proven SARS-COV-2 infections. We were then contacted as reference Center for Kawasaki Disease (KD) in our Pediatric Immunology Unit: considering the clinical history (fever lasting more than 5 days, erythematous rash, labial, and conjunctival hyperemia) and the result of laboratory tests we confirmed the diagnostic suspicion of atypical/incomplete KD without coronary involvement, and started treatment with high dose intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) 2 g/kg and high dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA 50 mg/kg/day). In the setting of COVID-19 there are several reports of using corticosteroids for Acute Respiratory Disease Syndrome (ARDS), but considering the not severe clinical course and presentation in our patient we did not start steroid therapy. cache = ./cache/cord-270035-1e1wzdri.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270035-1e1wzdri.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309317-cgs0sui7 author = Galeotti, Caroline title = Autoimmune and inflammatory diseases following COVID-19 date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1624 sentences = 80 flesch = 44 summary = Emerging reports show that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection precedes the appearance of various autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, including paediatric inflammatory multisystemic syndrome (PIMS) or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), thus adding to the growing mystery of this virus and raising questions about the nature of its link with autoimmune and autoinflammatory sequelae. Several emerging reports show that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic respiratory infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), could lead to autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, such as paedi atric inflammatory multisystemic syndrome (PIMS; which includes Kawasaki-like disease, Kawasaki disease shock syndrome, toxic shock syndrome, myocarditis and macrophage activation syndrome) in children [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] . In the USA, the New York City Health Department on 4 May 2020 reported that 15 children aged 2-15 years had presented with symptoms of MIS-C, including persistent fever and increased levels of inflammatory markers, and many also had rash, abdominal pain, vomiting or diarrhea; ten of the 15 child ren were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection 6 . cache = ./cache/cord-309317-cgs0sui7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309317-cgs0sui7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286607-5i406twr author = Esposito, Susanna title = The Gut Microbiota-Host Partnership as a Potential Driver of Kawasaki Syndrome date = 2019-04-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6223 sentences = 250 flesch = 30 summary = Kawasaki syndrome (KS) is a necrotizing vasculitis of smalland medium-sized vessels mostly affecting children under 5 years of age; a host of clinical and epidemiological data supports the notion that KS might result from an infectious disease. All studies available to date have confirmed that an imbalance in the gut microbiota might indirectly interfere with the normal function of innate and adaptive immunity, and that variable microbiota interactions with environmental factors, mainly infectious agents, might selectively drive the development of KS in genetically susceptible children. The microbiota, a microbial community of trillions of microorganisms and at least 1,000 different bacterial species, some eukaryotic fungi and viruses, and which covers every surface of the human body, plays a contributory role in many infections, immune-mediated disorders, rheumatologic diseases, and disorders of the nervous system. cache = ./cache/cord-286607-5i406twr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286607-5i406twr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259996-uhrhsrky author = Lee, Seul Bee title = Cardiac Function in Kawasaki Disease Patients with Respiratory Symptoms date = 2015-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3527 sentences = 224 flesch = 55 summary = Coronary artery diameter, C-reactive protein levels, platelet count, alanine aminotransferase levels, and NT-pro BNP levels were significantly higher and albumin levels lower in group 2 compared with group 3. Laboratory data obtained from each patient included complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum total protein, albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). The KD patients in their studies had significantly higher positive rates for virus isolation and PCR for those viruses compared with the control group (50.4% vs. 12) found that children with KD who had respiratory virus infections had a higher incidence of coronary artery dilatation than KD patients without viral infections, and the former group were more often diagnosed with incomplete KD. Detection rate and clinical impact of respiratory viruses in children with Kawasaki disease cache = ./cache/cord-259996-uhrhsrky.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259996-uhrhsrky.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293714-s6ezxi5r author = Principi, Nicola title = The role of infection in Kawasaki syndrome date = 2013-04-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6229 sentences = 323 flesch = 44 summary = Further findings that strongly support an infectious origin of KS are those of Orenstein et al., who used light microscopy and TEM to study tissue specimens from 32 autopsies, eight heart transplants and an excised coronary aneurysm of patients with KS and identified three different vasculopathic processes: acute self-limited necrotising arteritis (NA), subacute/chronic vasculitis, and luminal myofibroplastic proliferation. More recently, Japanese and Taiwanese groups independently reported a significant association between KS and polymorphisms in the intergenic region on chromosome 8p23-p22 between B lymphoid kinase (BLK ), a tyrosine kinase involved in B-cell receptor signal transduction and FAM167A, a functionally uncharacterized gene. 117 They found that polymorphisms at BLK gene together with genetic abnormalities at CD40, were associated with KS at genomewide significance (p < 5.5 Â 10 À8 ) confirming the role of immune activation and inflammation in the pathogenesis of the syndrome. Association of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor gene polymorphisms with coronary artery lesions of Kawasaki disease cache = ./cache/cord-293714-s6ezxi5r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293714-s6ezxi5r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294729-c9f0iokr author = Orr, William B. title = Delayed Development of Coronary Artery Dilitation in Suspected Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome: More Research Needed date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2617 sentences = 125 flesch = 33 summary = Conclusion: Our representative case of a patient with coronavirus disease-19-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children without robust hyperinflammation and a delayed finding of coronary artery dilatation compared with reported case series highlights the need for further mechanistic understanding of coronavirus disease-19 disease and subsequent multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children or Kawasaki disease development. Key Words: coronavirus disease-19; immune suppression; Kawasaki disease; multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children; research S ignificant disease burden in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has been relatively uncommon in children with less than 5% of cases in the United States and globally under 18 years old (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) . However, although children appear to have a less severe acute disease course, worldwide cases of a postinfectious multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and possible atypical Kawasaki-like disease attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection have arisen (8) (9) (10) . cache = ./cache/cord-294729-c9f0iokr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294729-c9f0iokr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278761-cqrggpmj author = Manus, Jean-Marie title = Sars-CoV-2 et Kawasaki, rapprochement à risque date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 273 sentences = 35 flesch = 72 summary = title: Sars-CoV-2 et Kawasaki, rapprochement à risque Focus © zilvergolf/stock.adobe.com Le Lancet a publié une observation, d'une équipe de pédiatrie de l'hôpital Pape-Jean-XXIII de Bergame [1] , évoquant ce Kawasaki-like sévère avec l'épidémie de Covid-19. Les médecins ont évalué les caractéristiques cliniques d e s p a t i e n t s K a w a s a k i -l i k e lors de l'épidémie, ilsont repris les obser vations de maladie de Kawasaki des cinq dernières années au service de pédiatrie, selon un groupe 1 (avant le Covid-19) et un groupe 2 (après le début du Covid-19). La présentation de Kawasaki-like a été comparée à la maladie de Kawasaki selon les critères de l'American Heart Des cliniciens français ont récemment établi un rapprochement entre le Covid-19 et la maladie de Kawasaki chez l'enfant très symptomatique porteur du Sars-CoV-2, à type de Kawasaki-like. Sars-CoV-2 et Kawasaki, rapprochement à risque . cache = ./cache/cord-278761-cqrggpmj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278761-cqrggpmj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299870-4ulmbn1r author = Ferrara, Giovanna title = Anakinra for Treatment-Resistant Kawasaki Disease: Evidence from a Literature Review date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5123 sentences = 236 flesch = 50 summary = Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in association with aspirin represents the main treatment for KD, and administration of these treatments within the first 10 days following fever onset has been associated with a fivefold reduction in the risk of coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) [1] . The first report on the use of anti-IL-1 in KD dates back to 2012 [20] and described a 2-year-old boy with classic KD who developed myocarditis with reduction of the ejection fraction to 20%, without coronary artery inflammation, 2 days after the first dose of IVIG. The main reason for the use of anakinra was persistent fever (8/11), followed by gradual dilatation of the coronary arteries (7/11), persistence of clinical (2/11) or laboratory abnormalities (6/11), and severe myocarditis with KD shock syndrome in one case. This study supports the early use of anakinra in cases refractory to IVIG, demonstrating that it is quickly effective on KD symptoms, inflammation parameters, and dilatation of the coronary arteries in most patients, with good tolerability. cache = ./cache/cord-299870-4ulmbn1r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299870-4ulmbn1r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277908-d26xzean author = Kuo, Ho-Chang title = Kawasaki-like disease among Italian children in the COVID-19 era date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2222 sentences = 127 flesch = 42 summary = Early-childhood prescribed antibiotics associated with type 1 Diabetes Main Results 1,297 children (0.2%) developed DM1 (median age 4.0 years, range 0-8.3). Conclusions Early-life prescribed antibiotics for otitis media and respiratory infections, are associated with DM1 development, with a higher risk in cesarean delivery birth. Those diagnosed in the COVID-19 era demonstrated a higher incidence: 10 vs 0.3 per month, mean age: 7.5 vs 3.0 years, Kawasaki disease shock syndrome: 50% vs 0%, MAS: 50% vs 0%, and steroid requirement: 80% vs 15%, all P < .01. Emphasizing, at health supervision visits, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations regarding appropriate media use with children, 3 parents should also be apprised of the association between earlier screen exposure and the risk of developing ASD-like symptoms, although currently, a causal relationship cannot be inferred. 1 US studies based on vital statistics data, found a higher risk of neonatal death in home compared with hospital births. cache = ./cache/cord-277908-d26xzean.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277908-d26xzean.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314662-nem6dw34 author = Nakra, Natasha A. title = Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Review of Clinical Presentation, Hypothetical Pathogenesis, and Proposed Management date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5543 sentences = 299 flesch = 40 summary = Initial reports surfaced in the UK [3] and Italy [4] , followed by New York and other parts of the U.S. Preliminary accounts of the features of this syndrome resemble those of known entities such as Kawasaki Disease (KD), toxic shock syndrome (TSS), and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (SHLH)/macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). Early consultation of specialists to assist in management, such as intensive care, cardiology, rheumatology, infectious diseases, allergy/immunology, neurology Abbreviations: ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; pro-BNP, pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CRP, C-reactive protein; CT, computed tomography; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; GI, gastrointestinal; HLH, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; IL, interleukin; MIS-C, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children; NK, natural killer; NP, nasopharyngeal; PT, prothrombin time; PTT, partial thromboplastin time; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. cache = ./cache/cord-314662-nem6dw34.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314662-nem6dw34.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323202-kcy8xoos author = Burns, Jane C. title = Temporal Clusters of Kawasaki Disease Cases Share Distinct Phenotypes That Suggest Response to Diverse Triggers date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3483 sentences = 168 flesch = 52 summary = The observed and synthetic KD clusters were compared with respect to demographic and clinical characteristics and median values for standard laboratory data using univariate analysis and a multivariate, Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis (REOFs). CONCLUSIONS: Cases of Kawasaki disease within a cluster were more similar with respect to demographic and clinical features, and levels of inflammation than would be expected by chance. In the univariate analysis, cluster-level averages of demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between the set of 47 true KD clusters and 100 sets of 47 synthetic clusters of equal size created either by randomly shuffling membership of cluster cases (referred to as shuffled clusters) or by randomly creating clusters from non-cluster cases of Kawasaki disease within the same season as the true cluster (referred to as control clusters). (Figure 2 ; available at www.jpeds.com) Striking differences were noted between individual true clusters and synthetic clusters for the following variables: age, ESR, and the presence of enlarged lymph nodes or strawberry tongue. cache = ./cache/cord-323202-kcy8xoos.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323202-kcy8xoos.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280280-9jr7ekbu author = Bertoncelli, Deborah title = COVID19: potential cardiovascular issues in pediatric patients date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3393 sentences = 181 flesch = 36 summary = Ongoing studies and accumulated data are detailing the features and the effects of the new coronavirus disease 19 (COVID 19) in the adult population, and cardiovascular involvement is emerging as the most significant and life-threatening complication, with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease. At present, though the limited data on the effects of COVID 19 in pediatric patients, children seem to count for a little proportion of SARS-COV 2 infection, and present with less severe disease and effects However infants and toddlers are at risk of developing critical course. Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory syndrome for which the etiologic agent is the novel beta coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, first described in December 2019 in China in a cluster of patients presenting with pneumonia. The main presenting clinical feature of the disease is pneumonia, ranging from asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, but cardiovascular involvement is emerging as one of the most significant and life-threatening complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection (1, 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-280280-9jr7ekbu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280280-9jr7ekbu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-000627-gvzs9vxr author = Yang, Ya-Ling title = Lack of Association between CLEC5A Gene Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Kawasaki Disease in Taiwanese Children date = 2011-12-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1930 sentences = 107 flesch = 47 summary = In the patients, polymorphisms of CLEC5A showed no significant association with coronary artery lesion formation and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment response. This study showed for the first time that polymorphisms of CLEC5A are not associated with susceptibility to KD, coronary artery lesion formation, and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment response in a Taiwanese population. To gain further understanding of the genetic role of CLEC5A in the pathogenesis of KD, the aim of our study was to determine if any CLEC5A SNPs are associated with susceptibility to KD, CAL formation, or IVIG treatment response in Taiwanese children. Additionally, the CLEC5A polymorphisms tested in this study failed to show any significant associations with genotype or allele frequency in the KD patients who showed a response to IVIG treatment (Table 4 ). In conclusion, this study showed for the first time that tSNPs of CLEC5A are not associated with susceptibility to KD, CAL formation, and IVIG treatment response in a Taiwanese population. cache = ./cache/cord-000627-gvzs9vxr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-000627-gvzs9vxr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353229-k3zerr83 author = Akca, Ummusen Kaya title = Kawasaki-like disease in children with COVID-19 date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4365 sentences = 281 flesch = 42 summary = Herein, we report the characteristics of four patients with Kawasaki-like phenotype associated with COVID-19 from Turkey and analyze the features of similar published cases through a systematic literature review. Diagnosis of complete KD was based on the criteria of the American Heart Association (AHA): the presence of fever for at least 5 days accompanied by the presence of at least four of the following five findings: bilateral non-exudative conjunctival injection, unilateral cervical lymphadenopathy, changes in the lips and oral cavity, skin rash, and changes in extremities, including indurative angioedema and desquamation [18] . Children with persistent fever, inflammation (neutrophilia, high CRP, and lymphopenia), and single or multi-organ dysfunction have been identified in the UK as "Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in relation to SARSCoV-2 (PMIS-TS)" regardless of the SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test results [73] . Pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 mimicking Kawasaki disease (Kawa-COVID-19): a multicentre cohort cache = ./cache/cord-353229-k3zerr83.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353229-k3zerr83.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343387-7el80yby author = Gallizzi, Romina title = Kawasaki disease epidemic: pitfalls date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1026 sentences = 58 flesch = 46 summary = Recent reports have described in the pediatric population a new type of hyperinflammatory response manifested following contact with SARS-CoV-2, with some of the clinical features attributable to Kawasaki disease (KD). Although today little is known about the etiology of KD, the most accepted hypothesis is that of a probable viral etiology, therefore, even the SARS-CoV-2 virus could trigger, in genetically predisposed subjects, an exaggerated inflammatory response that is clinically evident like the one described in KD. In this context the scientific community is wondering about a possible correlation between SARS-CoV-2 virus infection and the onset of Kawasaki-like diseases. They suggest that this clinical picture represents a new phenomenon that affects previously asymptomatic children with SARS-CoV-2 infection manifesting itself as a hyperinflammatory multi-organ involvement syndrome similar to a shock syndrome in KD [8] . Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a scientific statement for health professionals from the American Heart Association An outbreak of severe Kawasaki-like disease at the Italian epicentre of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: an observational cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-343387-7el80yby.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343387-7el80yby.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301160-7ik3iszp author = Lee, Kyung-Yil title = Kawasaki Disease: Laboratory Findings and an Immunopathogenesis on the Premise of a "Protein Homeostasis System" date = 2012-03-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8967 sentences = 436 flesch = 43 summary = Therefore, circulating immune cells, especially T cells, control the inflammation of the majority of the affected regions of KD patients without sequelae, but they also may be involved in the progression of the disease, such as in the case of CALs. Epidemiological and clinical data suggest that KD is an immunological reaction to infectious triggers occurring in genetically susceptible children. Many genetic studies in different countries have evaluated variants in candidate KD genes, and a number of variants, including inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate 3-kinase (ITPKC) and caspase-3, risk of CALs. For example, a severely affected patient who is persistently febrile for a week, showing constant low levels of platelet with high levels of AST and ALT in followup examination, may still not have reached the peak stage of inflammation, suggesting a higher possibility of more severe CALs. Laboratory findings are now mandatory for diagnosis of incomplete KD. cache = ./cache/cord-301160-7ik3iszp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301160-7ik3iszp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-027870-cuvfy4pj author = Baselga, Eulalia title = Inflammatory and Purpuric Eruptions date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 18207 sentences = 1269 flesch = 44 summary = Other annular erythemas known to be a manifestation of well-defi ned diseases (e.g. neonatal lupus) or with distinctive clinical or histologic features (e.g. erythema multiforme, erythema chronicum migrans, erythema marginatum rheumaticum, and erythema gyratum repens) are not considered under this heading. Differential diagnosis includes other eruptions with ringlike lesions, such as neonatal lupus, erythema multiforme, urticaria, urticarial lesions of pemphigoid, fungal infections, erythema chronicum migrans, and congenital Lyme disease. [98] [99] [100] This type of reaction may be seen in infants with an unknown or presumably viral etiology ( Fig. 19-9) Hypersensitivity syndrome reaction is a serious drug reaction characterized by fever, skin rash, lymphadenopathy, and internal organ involvement, especially of the liver. Sweet syndrome, or acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, is a benign disease characterized by tender, raised erythematous plaques, fever, peripheral leukocytosis, histologic fi ndings of a dense dermal infi ltrate of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and a rapid response to systemic corticosteroids. 412 Congenital erythropoietic porphyria and transient elevated porphyrin levels in neonates with hemolytic disease may also cause photosensitivity. cache = ./cache/cord-027870-cuvfy4pj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-027870-cuvfy4pj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030192-ebsh62ll author = Winant, Abbey J. title = Thoracic Imaging Findings of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with COVID-19: What Radiologists Need to Know Now date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4301 sentences = 248 flesch = 38 summary = 12 Furthermore, emerging new evidence suggests that COVID-19 infection in children and adolescents is associated with a multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C), with features similar to Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome, frequently requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. The United States CDC has presented the following case definition for a diagnosis of MIS-C associated with COVID-19, with pediatric patients required to meet all three of the following criteria: (1.) Individual under 21 years of age presenting with fever, laboratory evidence of inflammation, and evidence of clinically severe illness requiring hospitalization, with multisystem (≥2) organ involvement (cardiac, renal, respiratory, hematologic, gastrointestinal, dermatologic, or neurologic); (2.) No alternative plausible diagnosis; (3.) Positive current or recent SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR, serology, or I n p r e s s antigen test; or COVID-19 exposure within four weeks prior to symptom onset. cache = ./cache/cord-030192-ebsh62ll.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030192-ebsh62ll.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300216-3mvfiuwc author = Montenegro-Villalobos, Jiulliana title = Subconjunctival Acute Bilateral Hemorrhages Due to Kawasaki Disease in a Costa Rican Girl: An Unusual Clinical Manifestation of the Disease date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1584 sentences = 86 flesch = 43 summary = title: Subconjunctival Acute Bilateral Hemorrhages Due to Kawasaki Disease in a Costa Rican Girl: An Unusual Clinical Manifestation of the Disease Among the ocular manifestations in these patients, bilateral non-suppurative conjunctival injection and uveitis are the most common. We describe a six-year-old Costa Rican girl with acute Kawasaki disease who developed severe bilateral conjunctival injection with subsequent bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhages. To our knowledge, this is the first report from Latin America and among the few in the literature of a child in whom severe bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhages occur as a manifestation of Kawasaki disease. Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis and the leading cause of acquired cardiac disease in children, with approximately 80% of cases occurring in children in the first five years of age. Rare ocular manifestations in an 11-year-old girl with incomplete Kawasaki disease: a case report cache = ./cache/cord-300216-3mvfiuwc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300216-3mvfiuwc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315001-1ui27pkc author = Peterson, Nicholas title = Discovering Associations: Kawasaki Disease and COVID-19 date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1593 sentences = 96 flesch = 54 summary = Due to her prolonged fever, she was tested for COVID-19 which was positive; however, she did not develop respiratory symptoms during her illness. At the time of manuscript submission, this is the second case report to our knowledge showing an association between Kawasaki Disease and SARS-CoV-2 virus, both of which are poorly understood diseases in the pediatric population. This case highlights the value of testing pediatric patients for COVID-19 who present with fever in the absence of other symptoms to improve epidemiologic measures during the ongoing pandemic, and it also adds to a foundation of cases for future research on the presence of a link between Kawasaki Disease and COVID-19. We present a case showing an association between Kawasaki disease and the SARS-CoV-2 virus. is case highlights the value of testing patients for COVID-19 during evaluation for Kawasaki disease (KD). is case highlights the value of testing patients for COVID-19 during evaluation for possible Kawasaki disease. cache = ./cache/cord-315001-1ui27pkc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315001-1ui27pkc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304533-qwbbsg14 author = Jones, Imogen title = An adult presentation consistent with PIMS-TS date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 275 sentences = 21 flesch = 56 summary = key: cord-304533-qwbbsg14 cord_uid: qwbbsg14 The patient had no previous his tory of COVID19 symptoms or con tact with known COVID19 cases. Adult and paediatric specialists conferred and concluded that the most likely diagnosis was Kawasaki like disease on the PIMSTS spectrum. Kawasaki dis ease has been described in adults in association with viral infection. 4, 5 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of adult Kawasaki like disease related to SARSCoV2 infection. There is an urgent need to recognise and fully characterise PIMS TS in young adults to improve our understanding of pathogenesis, guide treatment decisions, and prevent sequelae in these patients. An outbreak of severe Kawasakilike disease at the Italian epicentre of SARSCoV2 epidemic: an observational cohort study A case of complete adultonset Kawasaki disease: a review of pathogenesis and classification Kawasakilike syndromes in HIVinfected adults cache = ./cache/cord-304533-qwbbsg14.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304533-qwbbsg14.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253056-765rs3e7 author = Dionne, Audrey title = Profile of resistance to IVIG treatment in patients with Kawasaki disease and concomitant infection date = 2018-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3725 sentences = 208 flesch = 45 summary = title: Profile of resistance to IVIG treatment in patients with Kawasaki disease and concomitant infection Children with persistent or recurrent fever 36 hours after the end of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) are considered to be resistant to treatment and are at increased risk for coronary complications. RESULTS: Children with concomitant infection were more likely to have fever 48 hours after initial IVIG treatment (36% vs 20%, p = 0.05) and to be treated with a second dose (33% vs 18%, p = 0.04). Children with concurrent infection had higher rates of IVIG resistance (19 (33%) versus 17 (18%) patients, p = 0.04), and higher temperature at 48 hours (Fig 1) . In this retrospective series, the presence of a concomitant infection was associated with a higher rate of resistance to IVIG treatment. In this study, patients with concomitant infection had a higher rate of resistance to IVIG treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-253056-765rs3e7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253056-765rs3e7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342372-2g9sq36w author = Zhu, Frank H. title = The Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease: a Review and Update date = 2016-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5962 sentences = 315 flesch = 41 summary = The use of corticosteroids in patients with KD is currently reserved for children who have received ≥2 infusions of IVIG on the basis that effects of steroid therapy on coronary artery abnormalities were uncertain at the time of publication of KD treatment guidelines in 2004. In Japan, the study on the efficacy of IVIG and steroids in patients with severe presentation of KD (RAISE study), a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoints trial, showed combination treatment with IVIG and prednisolone had significant advantages over IVIG alone in the prevention of coronary artery abnormalities with rapid defervescence of fever and normalization of inflammatory markers [41•] . The earlier initiation of IVIG and corticosteroid therapy with subsequent increased steroid treatment duration was associated with significantly lower rates of coronary artery abnormalities in the RAISE study. Treatment with infliximab in patients with refractory Kawasaki disease was associated with shorter duration of fever and hospitalization when compared to second dose of IVIG in this randomized cache = ./cache/cord-342372-2g9sq36w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342372-2g9sq36w.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301107-0njnjqeb author = Dursun, Recep title = The Clinics of HHV‐6 infection in COVID‐19 pandemic: Pityriasis rosea and Kawasaki disease date = 2020-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1702 sentences = 106 flesch = 51 summary = After pandemic, the number of patients with Pityriasis rosea and Kawasaki disease increased significantly in patients who applied to the dermatology outpatient clinic. Herein, we wanted to aim to evaluate whether two diseases (Pityriasis rosea and Kawasaki disease), in which Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) was held responsible for etiopathogenesis, after the COVID-19 pandemic. After pandemic, the number of patients with Pityriasis rosea increased significantly in patients who applied to the dermatology outpatient clinic (p:0,000). After pandemic, the number of patients with Kawasaki disease increased significantly in patients who applied to the dermatology outpatient clinic (p:0,009). In our study, it was found that the rate of Pityriasis rosae patients who applied to the dermatology outpatient clinic this year during the pandemic period increased approximately 5 times compared to the same time last year. In our study, there was a 10-fold increase in the rate of patients with Kawasaki disease who applied to the dermatology outpatient clinic compared to the previous year. cache = ./cache/cord-301107-0njnjqeb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301107-0njnjqeb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292719-n5lg43tr author = Chang, Luan-Yin title = Viral infections associated with Kawasaki disease date = 2014-02-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3163 sentences = 169 flesch = 47 summary = To investigate the infectious etiology of Kawasaki disease, we initiated a prospective case-control study to investigate possible links between common viral infections and Kawasaki disease. The infectious evidence of Kawasaki disease includes temporal clustering and marked seasonality, geographic clustering, family clustering, a high association between Kawasaki disease and infectious disease surveillance, and age distribution, for which the highest incidence rates are seen among 6 monthe2-year-old children who have low maternal antibodies and are most susceptible to infections in general. We thus carried out a prospective case-control study to investigate the association of common viral infections with Kawasaki disease to test the above hypothesis. We enrolled Kawasaki disease cases that had fever for over 5 days and at least four of the following five manifestations: neck lymphadenopathy, lip fissure and/or strawberry tongue, skin rash, nonpurulent bulbar conjunctivitis, palm/sole erythema, and induration followed by periungual desquamation. The c 2 test was used to compare the rates of viral isolation and PCR of various viruses between KD cases and the control children. cache = ./cache/cord-292719-n5lg43tr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292719-n5lg43tr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261058-yu2qw02l author = Burgner, David title = Kawasaki disease: What is the epidemiology telling us about the etiology? date = 2005-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5144 sentences = 324 flesch = 40 summary = Thus in genetically susceptible children, acute infections such as those causing fever and rash, may result in unrecognised damage to the cardiovascular system that later manifests itself as adult cardiovascular disease. 3 The consensus view is that KD results from a widely distributed infectious agent (or possibly agents) that causes the clinical syndrome in genetically susceptible children. Kawasaki disease is more common in boys (male:female ratio 1.6:1) 1 a feature observed in many infectious diseases 30, 31 and also in coronary atherosclerosis, where sex differences in immune responses are suggested to mediate susceptibility. A recent report of an association between the presence of genetic material from a novel coronavirus and Kawasaki disease in a handful of cases 48 remains unproven and may reflect an epiphenomenon; the putative etiological agent is a relatively common viral pathogen in young children and it is unclear how long the DNA persists. cache = ./cache/cord-261058-yu2qw02l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261058-yu2qw02l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269170-9f460xbq author = Kaneko, Kazunari title = Our Evolving Understanding of Kawasaki Disease Pathogenesis: Role of the Gut Microbiota date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4597 sentences = 248 flesch = 35 summary = The disease seems to result from the interplay of genetic and environmental susceptibility factors with infectious triggers, followed by a subsequent abnormal immune response characterized by increased levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines during the acute phase. Recent advances in culture-independent techniques for detection and identification of intestinal commensal bacteria enabled the discovery that Th17 and Treg differentiation are regulated by short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), in particular butyrate, produced by the gut microbiota. This perspective is illustrated in Figure 1 and can be explained as follows: [1] various factors during the in utero and postnatal period drive dysbiosis in young children; [2] dysbiosis results in reduced intestinal production of SCFAs including butyrate; [3] reduced levels of SCFAs in the gut cause an imbalance of Th17s/Tregs; and [4] individuals with Th17/Treg imbalances develop hypercytokinemia triggered by ubiquitous infectious agents(s), followed by KD (Figure 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-269170-9f460xbq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269170-9f460xbq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333145-a20dlaxn author = Johnson, Todd A. title = Association of an IGHV3-66 gene variant with Kawasaki disease date = 2020-10-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6438 sentences = 303 flesch = 49 summary = In a meta-analysis of three GWAS for susceptibility to Kawasaki disease (KD) conducted in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan and follow-up studies with a total of 11,265 subjects (3428 cases and 7837 controls), a significantly associated SNV in the immunoglobulin heavy variable gene (IGHV) cluster in 14q33.32 was identified (rs4774175; OR = 1.20, P = 6.0 × 10(−9)). Considering that significant association of SNVs in the IGHV region with disease susceptibility was previously known only for rheumatic heart disease (RHD), a complication of acute rheumatic fever (ARF), these observations suggest that common B-cell related mechanisms may mediate the symptomology of KD and ARF as well as RHD. Instead, 7 out of 12 groups of SNVs in the 6p21 region examined in the Stage 2 analyses showed significant association in the metaanalyses of the data sets in the three GWAS as well as in the follow-up studies ( Table 1 and Supplementary Fig. 3A ). cache = ./cache/cord-333145-a20dlaxn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333145-a20dlaxn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331249-jrzgqq8q author = del Castillo Martín, Fernando title = Enfermedad de kawasaki date = 2006-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7632 sentences = 742 flesch = 58 summary = Para que un caso pueda ser diagnosticado de enfermedad de Kawasaki incompleta, debe tener al menos 5 días de fiebre, 2 o 3 criterios clínicos, elevación de los reactantes de fase aguda (proteína C reactiva y/o velocidad de sedimentación) y al menos 3 de las siguientes alteraciones analíticas: albúmina ≤ 3 g/dl, anemia para la edad del niño, elevación de alaninaminotransferasa, plaquetas > 450.000 después de 7 días de fiebre, leucocitos ≥ 15.000/µl y en orina ≥ 10 células/campo. Hay autores que incluso proponen un tratamiento si el niño es un lactante con fiebre sin foco de más de 5 días de duración, acompañada de aumento de la proteína C reactiva, neutrofilia y trombocitosis después de 7 días de fiebre, pero muy especialmente si tiene al menos uno de los siguientes signos: inyección conjuntival, enrojecimiento de labios o exantema 48 . cache = ./cache/cord-331249-jrzgqq8q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331249-jrzgqq8q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312486-rumqopg0 author = Jacob, Chaim Oscar title = On the genetics and immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11514 sentences = 579 flesch = 44 summary = The question is whether ACE2 expression levels are pertinent to SARS-CoV-2 infection only in the tissues relevant to viral entry and the lungs as its major target, [44, 45] or, given that COVID-19 in its severe form is a systemic disease with multi-organ disfunction [46, 47] , ACE2 expression levels may be important in multiple organs and tissues other than those of the respiratory system. However, the activation of multiple complement pathways, dysregulated neutrophil responses, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability appear to be interlinked with SARS-CoV-2 infection and instead serve to drive the severity of the disease [91] . Regarding SLE, the prototypic systemic autoimmune disease, a group of investigators suggested that inherent epigenetic dysregulation causing hypomethylation and overexpression of ACE2, the functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2, might facilitate viral J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f entry, viremia, and increased likelihood of cytokine storm in such patients [153] . cache = ./cache/cord-312486-rumqopg0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312486-rumqopg0.txt ===== Reducing email addresses cord-294729-c9f0iokr Creating transaction Updating adr table ===== Reducing keywords cord-007277-86lynlxn cord-017245-kxqh32ip cord-003713-n3o8lwu4 cord-256642-payjduek cord-018638-4pyjhpbk cord-017161-lcqrd4v0 cord-283349-9x2d1qip cord-270035-1e1wzdri cord-309317-cgs0sui7 cord-286607-5i406twr cord-259996-uhrhsrky cord-293714-s6ezxi5r cord-294729-c9f0iokr cord-278761-cqrggpmj cord-299870-4ulmbn1r cord-277908-d26xzean cord-314662-nem6dw34 cord-323202-kcy8xoos cord-280280-9jr7ekbu cord-000627-gvzs9vxr cord-353229-k3zerr83 cord-301160-7ik3iszp cord-343387-7el80yby cord-030192-ebsh62ll cord-315001-1ui27pkc cord-304533-qwbbsg14 cord-027870-cuvfy4pj cord-253056-765rs3e7 cord-300216-3mvfiuwc cord-292719-n5lg43tr cord-342372-2g9sq36w cord-301107-0njnjqeb cord-024189-t7mbsr25 cord-261058-yu2qw02l cord-331249-jrzgqq8q cord-269170-9f460xbq cord-333145-a20dlaxn cord-312486-rumqopg0 Creating transaction Updating wrd table ===== Reducing urls cord-017161-lcqrd4v0 cord-270035-1e1wzdri cord-292719-n5lg43tr cord-333145-a20dlaxn cord-269170-9f460xbq Creating transaction Updating url table ===== Reducing named entities cord-007277-86lynlxn cord-017245-kxqh32ip cord-256642-payjduek cord-259996-uhrhsrky cord-280280-9jr7ekbu cord-353229-k3zerr83 cord-315001-1ui27pkc cord-030192-ebsh62ll cord-292719-n5lg43tr cord-312486-rumqopg0 cord-003713-n3o8lwu4 cord-018638-4pyjhpbk cord-283349-9x2d1qip cord-309317-cgs0sui7 cord-017161-lcqrd4v0 cord-270035-1e1wzdri cord-294729-c9f0iokr cord-286607-5i406twr cord-293714-s6ezxi5r cord-278761-cqrggpmj cord-299870-4ulmbn1r cord-314662-nem6dw34 cord-277908-d26xzean cord-000627-gvzs9vxr cord-323202-kcy8xoos cord-343387-7el80yby cord-304533-qwbbsg14 cord-301160-7ik3iszp cord-253056-765rs3e7 cord-027870-cuvfy4pj cord-300216-3mvfiuwc cord-342372-2g9sq36w cord-301107-0njnjqeb cord-261058-yu2qw02l cord-331249-jrzgqq8q cord-024189-t7mbsr25 cord-269170-9f460xbq cord-333145-a20dlaxn Creating transaction Updating ent table ===== Reducing parts of speech cord-007277-86lynlxn cord-003713-n3o8lwu4 cord-256642-payjduek cord-017245-kxqh32ip cord-270035-1e1wzdri cord-309317-cgs0sui7 cord-278761-cqrggpmj cord-018638-4pyjhpbk cord-259996-uhrhsrky cord-294729-c9f0iokr cord-277908-d26xzean cord-286607-5i406twr cord-293714-s6ezxi5r cord-299870-4ulmbn1r cord-323202-kcy8xoos cord-314662-nem6dw34 cord-280280-9jr7ekbu cord-000627-gvzs9vxr cord-353229-k3zerr83 cord-343387-7el80yby cord-017161-lcqrd4v0 cord-030192-ebsh62ll cord-304533-qwbbsg14 cord-315001-1ui27pkc cord-300216-3mvfiuwc cord-253056-765rs3e7 cord-292719-n5lg43tr cord-301107-0njnjqeb cord-283349-9x2d1qip cord-342372-2g9sq36w cord-301160-7ik3iszp cord-261058-yu2qw02l cord-269170-9f460xbq cord-333145-a20dlaxn cord-331249-jrzgqq8q cord-312486-rumqopg0 cord-027870-cuvfy4pj cord-024189-t7mbsr25 Creating transaction Updating pos table Building ./etc/reader.txt cord-024189-t7mbsr25 cord-027870-cuvfy4pj cord-261058-yu2qw02l cord-261058-yu2qw02l cord-293714-s6ezxi5r cord-018638-4pyjhpbk number of items: 38 sum of words: 165,973 average size in words: 4,485 average readability score: 45 nouns: disease; patients; children; syndrome; infection; treatment; cells; cases; fever; artery; study; vasculitis; diagnosis; studies; cell; therapy; lesions; virus; risk; incidence; response; features; infections; symptoms; age; protein; years; data; role; case; dose; association; involvement; coronavirus; phase; days; day; levels; group; diseases; evidence; blood; shock; gene; system; activation; patient; antibodies; arteries; fi verbs: associated; included; reported; shown; increased; use; suggesting; developed; occurring; follows; presented; affect; found; leading; involved; described; caused; compare; seen; considered; treated; induced; identified; resulted; remains; demonstrated; required; based; related; characterized; support; revealed; known; produced; appear; mediated; observed; reduced; performed; diagnosed; activate; received; given; provided; make; defined; controlled; linked; confirm; limited adjectives: clinical; coronary; acute; immune; severe; respiratory; inflammatory; viral; high; common; systemic; human; infectious; pediatric; early; higher; genetic; intravenous; different; many; positive; vascular; anti; initial; specific; present; normal; similar; incomplete; neonatal; like; endothelial; long; new; small; several; covid-19; diagnostic; significant; first; important; low; oral; cardiac; renal; single; large; peripheral; non; multiple adverbs: also; however; often; usually; well; frequently; even; significantly; less; particularly; therefore; recently; typically; especially; previously; commonly; approximately; now; highly; still; genetically; currently; furthermore; rather; mainly; generally; relatively; alone; least; yet; strongly; probably; predominantly; initially; first; later; almost; rapidly; possibly; nodosa; much; moreover; indeed; far; clinically; rarely; prior; primarily; occasionally; nt pronouns: it; we; our; its; their; they; i; he; she; them; her; itself; his; us; themselves; one; my; you; rs4774175; me; iga1; your; him proper nouns: Kawasaki; KD; SARS; IVIG; COVID-19; CoV-2; C; KS; MIS; el; Japan; ANCA; mg; fi; T; Disease; fl; kg; los; GCA; WG; BCG; Association; PAN; anakinra; es; PCR; Fig; enfermedad; ammatory; IgA; IL-1; kawasaki; un; Table; infl; HSP; HLA; ACE2; Wegener; CRP; La; IL-6; infi; China; AAV; TA; ESR; United; Korea keywords: kawasaki; disease; sars; patient; covid-19; ivig; mis; cell; anca; wegener; syndrome; sweet; supplementary; severe; pmr; pan; nle; neonatal; mpo; mpa; microbiota; los; japan; intestinal; il-1; ighv3; hsp; henoch; gwas; gut; group; gca; esper; erythema; enfermedad; cov-2; coronary; congenital; cluster; child; case; birth; bcg; aso; asd; asa; aha; acute; ace2; aav one topic; one dimension: disease file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7110118/ titles(s): Coronaviruses in the Limelight three topics; one dimension: kd; covid; disease file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7193731/, https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1521661620307518, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7315339/ titles(s): Vasculitides | On the genetics and immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 | Inflammatory and Purpuric Eruptions five topics; three dimensions: disease patients kd; kd disease kawasaki; covid disease patients; disease ks kawasaki; en el se file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7193731/, https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2012.53.2.262, https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1521661620307518, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7315339/, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1577356606750825 titles(s): Vasculitides | Kawasaki Disease: Laboratory Findings and an Immunopathogenesis on the Premise of a "Protein Homeostasis System" | On the genetics and immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 | Inflammatory and Purpuric Eruptions | Enfermedad de kawasaki Type: cord title: keyword-kawasaki-cord date: 2021-05-25 time: 15:25 username: emorgan patron: Eric Morgan email: emorgan@nd.edu input: keywords:kawasaki ==== make-pages.sh htm files ==== make-pages.sh complex files ==== make-pages.sh named enities ==== making bibliographics id: cord-353229-k3zerr83 author: Akca, Ummusen Kaya title: Kawasaki-like disease in children with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-16 words: 4365.0 sentences: 281.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353229-k3zerr83.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353229-k3zerr83.txt summary: Herein, we report the characteristics of four patients with Kawasaki-like phenotype associated with COVID-19 from Turkey and analyze the features of similar published cases through a systematic literature review. Diagnosis of complete KD was based on the criteria of the American Heart Association (AHA): the presence of fever for at least 5 days accompanied by the presence of at least four of the following five findings: bilateral non-exudative conjunctival injection, unilateral cervical lymphadenopathy, changes in the lips and oral cavity, skin rash, and changes in extremities, including indurative angioedema and desquamation [18] . Children with persistent fever, inflammation (neutrophilia, high CRP, and lymphopenia), and single or multi-organ dysfunction have been identified in the UK as "Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in relation to SARSCoV-2 (PMIS-TS)" regardless of the SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test results [73] . Pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 mimicking Kawasaki disease (Kawa-COVID-19): a multicentre cohort abstract: Children with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are being reported to have manifestations of hyperinflammatory states and/or Kawasaki-like disease. In this study, we investigated children with typical and atypical Kawasaki disease (KD) likely to be associated with COVID-19. We have reported four children with Kawasaki-like disease probably associated with COVID-19. The clinical features were consistent with incomplete KD in three patients. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR was positive in one and the serology was positive in one patient with negative RT-PCR. Corticosteroids, anakinra, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and acetylsalicylic acid were used in the treatment. Three patients recovered after the treatment while one patient died. The literature review revealed 36 articles describing 320 children with Kawasaki-like disease associated with COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR was negative in 120 (65.5%) of 183 patients while the serology was positive in 130 (83.8%) of 155 patients. The therapeutic options have included IVIG, acetylsalicylic acid, tocilizumab, anakinra, enoxaparin, and methylprednisolone. Pediatric COVID-19 cases may present with atypical/incomplete Kawasaki-like disease. Thus, pediatricians need to be aware of such atypical presentations resembling KD for early diagnosis of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-020-04701-6 doi: 10.1007/s00296-020-04701-6 id: cord-027870-cuvfy4pj author: Baselga, Eulalia title: Inflammatory and Purpuric Eruptions date: 2020-06-22 words: 18207.0 sentences: 1269.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-027870-cuvfy4pj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-027870-cuvfy4pj.txt summary: Other annular erythemas known to be a manifestation of well-defi ned diseases (e.g. neonatal lupus) or with distinctive clinical or histologic features (e.g. erythema multiforme, erythema chronicum migrans, erythema marginatum rheumaticum, and erythema gyratum repens) are not considered under this heading. Differential diagnosis includes other eruptions with ringlike lesions, such as neonatal lupus, erythema multiforme, urticaria, urticarial lesions of pemphigoid, fungal infections, erythema chronicum migrans, and congenital Lyme disease. [98] [99] [100] This type of reaction may be seen in infants with an unknown or presumably viral etiology ( Fig. 19-9) Hypersensitivity syndrome reaction is a serious drug reaction characterized by fever, skin rash, lymphadenopathy, and internal organ involvement, especially of the liver. Sweet syndrome, or acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, is a benign disease characterized by tender, raised erythematous plaques, fever, peripheral leukocytosis, histologic fi ndings of a dense dermal infi ltrate of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and a rapid response to systemic corticosteroids. 412 Congenital erythropoietic porphyria and transient elevated porphyrin levels in neonates with hemolytic disease may also cause photosensitivity. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7315339/ doi: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-3432-2.50022-4 id: cord-280280-9jr7ekbu author: Bertoncelli, Deborah title: COVID19: potential cardiovascular issues in pediatric patients date: 2020-05-11 words: 3393.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280280-9jr7ekbu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280280-9jr7ekbu.txt summary: Ongoing studies and accumulated data are detailing the features and the effects of the new coronavirus disease 19 (COVID 19) in the adult population, and cardiovascular involvement is emerging as the most significant and life-threatening complication, with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease. At present, though the limited data on the effects of COVID 19 in pediatric patients, children seem to count for a little proportion of SARS-COV 2 infection, and present with less severe disease and effects However infants and toddlers are at risk of developing critical course. Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory syndrome for which the etiologic agent is the novel beta coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, first described in December 2019 in China in a cluster of patients presenting with pneumonia. The main presenting clinical feature of the disease is pneumonia, ranging from asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, but cardiovascular involvement is emerging as one of the most significant and life-threatening complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection (1, 2) . abstract: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV 2) has rapidly spread worldwide with increasing hospitalization and mortality rate. Ongoing studies and accumulated data are detailing the features and the effects of the new coronavirus disease 19 (COVID 19) in the adult population, and cardiovascular involvement is emerging as the most significant and life-threatening complication, with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease. At present, though the limited data on the effects of COVID 19 in pediatric patients, children seem to count for a little proportion of SARS-COV 2 infection, and present with less severe disease and effects However infants and toddlers are at risk of developing critical course. The disease has a range of clinical presentations in children, for which the potential need for further investigation of myocardial injury and cardiovascular issues should be kept in mind to avoid misdiagnosing severe clinical entities. Overlapping with Kawasaki disease is a concern, particularly the incomplete and atypical form. We aim to summarize the initial considerations and potential cardiovascular implications of COVID-19 for children and patients with congenital heart disease. (www.actabiomedica.it) url: https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i2.9655 doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9655 id: cord-261058-yu2qw02l author: Burgner, David title: Kawasaki disease: What is the epidemiology telling us about the etiology? date: 2005-06-03 words: 5144.0 sentences: 324.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261058-yu2qw02l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261058-yu2qw02l.txt summary: Thus in genetically susceptible children, acute infections such as those causing fever and rash, may result in unrecognised damage to the cardiovascular system that later manifests itself as adult cardiovascular disease. 3 The consensus view is that KD results from a widely distributed infectious agent (or possibly agents) that causes the clinical syndrome in genetically susceptible children. Kawasaki disease is more common in boys (male:female ratio 1.6:1) 1 a feature observed in many infectious diseases 30, 31 and also in coronary atherosclerosis, where sex differences in immune responses are suggested to mediate susceptibility. A recent report of an association between the presence of genetic material from a novel coronavirus and Kawasaki disease in a handful of cases 48 remains unproven and may reflect an epiphenomenon; the putative etiological agent is a relatively common viral pathogen in young children and it is unclear how long the DNA persists. abstract: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an important and common inflammatory vasculitis of early childhood with a striking predilection for the coronary arteries. It is the predominant cause of paediatric acquired heart disease in developed countries. Despite 40 years of research, the aetiology of KD remains unknown and consequently there is no diagnostic test and treatment is non-specific and sub-optimal. The consensus is that KD is due to one or more widely distributed infectious agent(s), which evoke an abnormal immunological response in genetically susceptible individuals. The epidemiology of KD has been extensively investigated in many populations and provides much of the supporting evidence for the consensus regarding etiology. These epidemiological data are reviewed here, in the context of the etiopathogenesis. It is suggested that these data provide additional clues regarding the cause of KD and may account for some of the continuing controversies in the field. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15936970/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2005.03.002 id: cord-323202-kcy8xoos author: Burns, Jane C. title: Temporal Clusters of Kawasaki Disease Cases Share Distinct Phenotypes That Suggest Response to Diverse Triggers date: 2020-09-22 words: 3483.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323202-kcy8xoos.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323202-kcy8xoos.txt summary: The observed and synthetic KD clusters were compared with respect to demographic and clinical characteristics and median values for standard laboratory data using univariate analysis and a multivariate, Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis (REOFs). CONCLUSIONS: Cases of Kawasaki disease within a cluster were more similar with respect to demographic and clinical features, and levels of inflammation than would be expected by chance. In the univariate analysis, cluster-level averages of demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between the set of 47 true KD clusters and 100 sets of 47 synthetic clusters of equal size created either by randomly shuffling membership of cluster cases (referred to as shuffled clusters) or by randomly creating clusters from non-cluster cases of Kawasaki disease within the same season as the true cluster (referred to as control clusters). (Figure 2 ; available at www.jpeds.com) Striking differences were noted between individual true clusters and synthetic clusters for the following variables: age, ESR, and the presence of enlarged lymph nodes or strawberry tongue. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that cases of Kawasaki disease within a temporal cluster have a similar pattern of host response that is distinct from cases of Kawasaki disease in different observed clusters and randomly constructed clusters. STUDY DESIGN: We designed a case-control study to analyze 47 clusters derived from 1332 patients with Kawasaki disease over a 17-yr. period (2002-2019) from a single clinical site and compared the cluster characteristics with two control groups of synthetic KD clusters. We defined a “true” KD cluster as at least 5 patients within a 7-day moving window. The observed and synthetic KD clusters were compared with respect to demographic and clinical characteristics and median values for standard laboratory data using univariate analysis and a multivariate, Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis (REOFs). RESULTS: In a univariate analysis, the median values for age, coronary artery Z score, white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and age-adjusted hemoglobin for several of the true KD clusters exceeded the 95th percentile for the two synthetic clusters. REOFs revealed distinct patterns of demographic and clinical measures within clusters. CONCLUSIONS: Cases of Kawasaki disease within a cluster were more similar with respect to demographic and clinical features, and levels of inflammation than would be expected by chance. These observations suggest that different triggers and/or different intensity of exposures result in clusters of cases of Kawasaki disease that share a similar response pattern. Analyzing cases within clusters or cases who share demographic and clinical features may lead to new insights into the etiology of KD. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32976897/ doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.09.043 id: cord-270035-1e1wzdri author: Cazzaniga, Marco title: SARS-COV-2 Infection and Kawasaki Disease: Case Report of a Hitherto Unrecognized Association date: 2020-07-03 words: 2076.0 sentences: 109.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270035-1e1wzdri.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270035-1e1wzdri.txt summary: The association of Kawasaki disease and COVID-19 infection has to our knowledge been reported only once (5), we report a second case from Italy, currently the third most affected country in the world with regard to number of proven SARS-COV-2 infections. We were then contacted as reference Center for Kawasaki Disease (KD) in our Pediatric Immunology Unit: considering the clinical history (fever lasting more than 5 days, erythematous rash, labial, and conjunctival hyperemia) and the result of laboratory tests we confirmed the diagnostic suspicion of atypical/incomplete KD without coronary involvement, and started treatment with high dose intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) 2 g/kg and high dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA 50 mg/kg/day). In the setting of COVID-19 there are several reports of using corticosteroids for Acute Respiratory Disease Syndrome (ARDS), but considering the not severe clinical course and presentation in our patient we did not start steroid therapy. abstract: Coronavirus-associated disease (COVID-19) was firstly reported at the end of 2019. Generally, COVID-19 seems to be a less severe disease in children than in adults. According to the current literature, children account approximately for 2% of diagnosed COVID-19 cases. Northern Italy is one of the geographical areas mainly affected by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We describe a pediatric patient diagnosed and treated for atypical/incomplete Kawasaki Disease (KD) complicated with paralytic ileus, who also resulted positive for SARS-COV-2. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32719757/ doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00398 id: cord-292719-n5lg43tr author: Chang, Luan-Yin title: Viral infections associated with Kawasaki disease date: 2014-02-01 words: 3163.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292719-n5lg43tr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292719-n5lg43tr.txt summary: To investigate the infectious etiology of Kawasaki disease, we initiated a prospective case-control study to investigate possible links between common viral infections and Kawasaki disease. The infectious evidence of Kawasaki disease includes temporal clustering and marked seasonality, geographic clustering, family clustering, a high association between Kawasaki disease and infectious disease surveillance, and age distribution, for which the highest incidence rates are seen among 6 monthe2-year-old children who have low maternal antibodies and are most susceptible to infections in general. We thus carried out a prospective case-control study to investigate the association of common viral infections with Kawasaki disease to test the above hypothesis. We enrolled Kawasaki disease cases that had fever for over 5 days and at least four of the following five manifestations: neck lymphadenopathy, lip fissure and/or strawberry tongue, skin rash, nonpurulent bulbar conjunctivitis, palm/sole erythema, and induration followed by periungual desquamation. The c 2 test was used to compare the rates of viral isolation and PCR of various viruses between KD cases and the control children. abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a disease of unknown cause. To investigate the infectious etiology of Kawasaki disease, we initiated a prospective case-control study to investigate possible links between common viral infections and Kawasaki disease. METHODS: We enrolled 226 children with KD and 226 age- and sex-matched healthy children from February 2004 to March 2010. Throat and nasopharyngeal swabs were taken for both viral isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for various viruses. RESULTS: The mean age of the 226 KD cases was 2.07 years, and the male to female ratio was 1.43 (133 boys to 93 girls). Their mean fever duration was 7.5 days with a mean peak temperature of 39.7°C. In addition to the typical symptoms of fever, neck lymphadenopathy, lip fissure and/or strawberry tongue, skin rash, nonpurulent bulbar conjunctivitis, palm/sole erythema, and induration followed by periungual desquamation, these KD cases also exhibited cough (69%), rhinorrhea (58%), and diarrhea (45%). Cases of KD had a significantly higher positive rate of viral isolation in comparison with the control group (7.5% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.02). Compared with the control group, cases of KD were more likely to have overall positive rates of viral PCR (50.4% vs. 16.4%, p < 0.001) and for various viruses including enterovirus (16.8% vs. 4.4%, p < 0.001), adenovirus (8.0% vs. 1.8%, p = 0.007), human rhinovirus (26.5% vs. 9.7%, p < 0.001), and coronavirus (7.1% vs. 0.9%, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: We found that some common respiratory viruses, such as adenoviruses, enteroviruses, rhinoviruses, and coronaviruses, were associated with KD cases. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2013.12.008 doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2013.12.008 id: cord-253056-765rs3e7 author: Dionne, Audrey title: Profile of resistance to IVIG treatment in patients with Kawasaki disease and concomitant infection date: 2018-10-17 words: 3725.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253056-765rs3e7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253056-765rs3e7.txt summary: title: Profile of resistance to IVIG treatment in patients with Kawasaki disease and concomitant infection Children with persistent or recurrent fever 36 hours after the end of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) are considered to be resistant to treatment and are at increased risk for coronary complications. RESULTS: Children with concomitant infection were more likely to have fever 48 hours after initial IVIG treatment (36% vs 20%, p = 0.05) and to be treated with a second dose (33% vs 18%, p = 0.04). Children with concurrent infection had higher rates of IVIG resistance (19 (33%) versus 17 (18%) patients, p = 0.04), and higher temperature at 48 hours (Fig 1) . In this retrospective series, the presence of a concomitant infection was associated with a higher rate of resistance to IVIG treatment. In this study, patients with concomitant infection had a higher rate of resistance to IVIG treatment. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Kawasaki disease (KD) can be associated with concomitant viral or bacterial infections. Children with persistent or recurrent fever 36 hours after the end of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) are considered to be resistant to treatment and are at increased risk for coronary complications. Although concomitant infection does not affect coronary outcome, it is unknown how it influences the response to IVIG treatment. METHODOLOGY: Retrospective cohort study between 2008 and 2016 in a tertiary pediatric university hospital, including 154 children, of which 59 (38%) had concomitant infection. RESULTS: Children with concomitant infection were more likely to have fever 48 hours after initial IVIG treatment (36% vs 20%, p = 0.05) and to be treated with a second dose (33% vs 18%, p = 0.04). Children with infection had higher C-reactive protein at the time of diagnosis (148 vs 112 mg/L, p = 0.04), and 48 hours after IVIG administration (111 vs 59 mg/L, p = 0.003). Nevertheless, there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of coronary complications (Z-score > 2.5) between children with and without concomitant infection (36% vs 39%, p = 0.68). CONCLUSION: Children with KD and concomitant infection are more likely to have persistent fever and elevated inflammatory markers after treatment. This association increases the likelihood of receiving a second dose of IVIG but not the risk of coronary complication. Accordingly, prospective studies to distinguish true IVIG resistance from infection induced persistent fever is warranted. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30332473/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206001 id: cord-301107-0njnjqeb author: Dursun, Recep title: The Clinics of HHV‐6 infection in COVID‐19 pandemic: Pityriasis rosea and Kawasaki disease date: 2020-05-31 words: 1702.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301107-0njnjqeb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301107-0njnjqeb.txt summary: After pandemic, the number of patients with Pityriasis rosea and Kawasaki disease increased significantly in patients who applied to the dermatology outpatient clinic. Herein, we wanted to aim to evaluate whether two diseases (Pityriasis rosea and Kawasaki disease), in which Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) was held responsible for etiopathogenesis, after the COVID-19 pandemic. After pandemic, the number of patients with Pityriasis rosea increased significantly in patients who applied to the dermatology outpatient clinic (p:0,000). After pandemic, the number of patients with Kawasaki disease increased significantly in patients who applied to the dermatology outpatient clinic (p:0,009). In our study, it was found that the rate of Pityriasis rosae patients who applied to the dermatology outpatient clinic this year during the pandemic period increased approximately 5 times compared to the same time last year. In our study, there was a 10-fold increase in the rate of patients with Kawasaki disease who applied to the dermatology outpatient clinic compared to the previous year. abstract: A new type of coronavirus family (SARS‐CoV‐2), which can be found in humans and animals, with many varieties and clinical symptoms, was first seen in Wuhan, China in late 2019, under the name novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19). In the literature, cutaneous symptoms related to the disease are generally emphasized. However, it is not yet known whether this new SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, which has entered our lives, plays a role in the etiopathogenesis of dermatological diseases. The patients who were admitted to the dermatology outpatient clinic between 1 April and May 15, 2019, and on 1 April and May 15, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed by searching the hospital automation system and patient files. The reason for the same months to be included in the study was to exclude seasonal effects on the diseases. After pandemic, the number of patients with Pityriasis rosea and Kawasaki disease increased significantly in patients who applied to the dermatology outpatient clinic. Our study is the first study showing pityriasis rosea increase during the pandemic period. We think that this increase is related to HHV‐6 reactivation. Herein, we wanted to draw attention to two diseases in which Human Herpes 6 (HHV‐6) was accused in etiopathogenesis: Kawasaki disease and Pityriasis rosea. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32475003/ doi: 10.1111/dth.13730 id: cord-017161-lcqrd4v0 author: Eleftheriou, Despina title: The Molecular Biology and Treatment of Systemic Vasculitis in Children date: 2012-02-23 words: 13314.0 sentences: 635.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017161-lcqrd4v0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017161-lcqrd4v0.txt summary: Apart from relatively common vasculitides such as Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) and Kawasaki disease (KD), most of the primary vasculitic syndromes are rare in childhood, but when present are associated with signi fi cant morbidity and mortality [ 2, 3 ] . This chapter summarizes the fi ndings of recent studies relating to the pathogenesis of systemic vasculitis, and considers HSP, KD, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)-associated vasculitis, polyarteritis nodosa and Takayasu arteritis (TA). The common features between this murine model and the human disease include an infectious trigger leading to immune activation; disease susceptibility in the young; a time course similar to that seen clinically in KD; similar pathology of coronary arteritis; and response to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment [ 55 ] . Additional data TNF-a -308A associated with increased intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) resistance [ 82 ] Interleukin-10 (IL10) IL-10 gene promoter polymorphisms in fl uence risk of CAA [ 82 ] Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (KDR) abstract: Primary systemic vasculitides are rare in childhood but are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The cause of the majority of vasculitides is unknown, although it is likely that a complex interaction between environmental factors, such as infections and inherited host responses, triggers the disease and determines the vasculitis phenotype. Several genetic polymorphisms in vasculitides have now been described, which may be relevant in terms of disease predisposition or development of disease complications. Treatment regimens continue to improve with the use of different immunosuppressive medications and newer therapeutic approaches such as biologic agents. This chapter reviews recent studies shedding light on the pathogenesis of vasculitis with emphasis on molecular biology where known, and summarizes current treatment strategies. We discuss new emerging challenges particularly with respect to the long-term cardiovascular morbidity for children with systemic vasculitis and emphasize the importance of future international multicenter collaborative studies to further increase and standardize the scientific base investigating and treating childhood vasculitis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121654/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-906-8_2 id: cord-286607-5i406twr author: Esposito, Susanna title: The Gut Microbiota-Host Partnership as a Potential Driver of Kawasaki Syndrome date: 2019-04-05 words: 6223.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 30.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286607-5i406twr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286607-5i406twr.txt summary: Kawasaki syndrome (KS) is a necrotizing vasculitis of smalland medium-sized vessels mostly affecting children under 5 years of age; a host of clinical and epidemiological data supports the notion that KS might result from an infectious disease. All studies available to date have confirmed that an imbalance in the gut microbiota might indirectly interfere with the normal function of innate and adaptive immunity, and that variable microbiota interactions with environmental factors, mainly infectious agents, might selectively drive the development of KS in genetically susceptible children. The microbiota, a microbial community of trillions of microorganisms and at least 1,000 different bacterial species, some eukaryotic fungi and viruses, and which covers every surface of the human body, plays a contributory role in many infections, immune-mediated disorders, rheumatologic diseases, and disorders of the nervous system. abstract: Kawasaki syndrome (KS) is a necrotizing vasculitis of small- and medium-sized vessels mostly affecting children under 5 years of age; a host of clinical and epidemiological data supports the notion that KS might result from an infectious disease. However, many efforts have failed to identify a potentially universal trigger of KS. The contribution of the intestinal microbial community—called the “microbiota”—to KS has been evaluated by an increasing number of studies, though limited to small cohorts of patients. Differences in the microbiota composition were found in children with KS, both its acute and non-acute phase, with abnormal colonization by Streptococcus species in the intestinal tract and a wider presence of Gram-positive cocci in jejunal biopsies. In particular, a higher number of Gram-positive cocci (of the genera Streptococcus and Staphylococcus), Eubacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and HSP60-producing Gram-negative microbes have been found in the stools of KS children, and their effects on the antigenic repertoire of specific T cells and Vβ2 T cell expansion have been assessed. Conversely, Lactobacilli were lacking in most children with KS compared with other febrile illnesses and healthy controls. All studies available to date have confirmed that an imbalance in the gut microbiota might indirectly interfere with the normal function of innate and adaptive immunity, and that variable microbiota interactions with environmental factors, mainly infectious agents, might selectively drive the development of KS in genetically susceptible children. Further investigations of the intestinal microflora in larger cohorts of KS patients will provide clues to disentangle the pathogenesis of this disease and probably indicate disease-modifying agents or more rational KS-specific therapies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31024869/ doi: 10.3389/fped.2019.00124 id: cord-299870-4ulmbn1r author: Ferrara, Giovanna title: Anakinra for Treatment-Resistant Kawasaki Disease: Evidence from a Literature Review date: 2020-09-03 words: 5123.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299870-4ulmbn1r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299870-4ulmbn1r.txt summary: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in association with aspirin represents the main treatment for KD, and administration of these treatments within the first 10 days following fever onset has been associated with a fivefold reduction in the risk of coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) [1] . The first report on the use of anti-IL-1 in KD dates back to 2012 [20] and described a 2-year-old boy with classic KD who developed myocarditis with reduction of the ejection fraction to 20%, without coronary artery inflammation, 2 days after the first dose of IVIG. The main reason for the use of anakinra was persistent fever (8/11), followed by gradual dilatation of the coronary arteries (7/11), persistence of clinical (2/11) or laboratory abnormalities (6/11), and severe myocarditis with KD shock syndrome in one case. This study supports the early use of anakinra in cases refractory to IVIG, demonstrating that it is quickly effective on KD symptoms, inflammation parameters, and dilatation of the coronary arteries in most patients, with good tolerability. abstract: Kawasaki disease (KD) is one of the most common vasculitides of childhood and the main cause of acquired heart disease in developed countries. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in association with aspirin represents the main treatment for KD. However, 10–20% of patients fail to respond to standard treatment and have an increased risk of cardiac complications. There is currently no accepted protocol for treatment of resistant cases. Several authors highlighted the role of interleukin-1 (IL-1) as a mediator of inflammation in KD and suggested the possibility of using IL-1 or its receptor as a target of therapy. The use of IL-1 inhibitors in patients with KD has been reported in the scientific literature, but data are largely limited to individual case reports and small case series. We summarized the scientific literature related to the use of anakinra, analyzing preclinical and clinical data. Thirty-eight patients have been described so far, most of them with KD-related complications. Twenty-two were described in case reports and case series, while 16 were patients from the completed KAWAKINRA phase IIa study. Almost all patients received clinical benefit, and no relevant side effects were noted. Based on this evidence, in our opinion, anakinra may be considered as an option after the failure of the first IVIG infusion, especially in patients with coronary involvement. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32885390/ doi: 10.1007/s40272-020-00421-3 id: cord-309317-cgs0sui7 author: Galeotti, Caroline title: Autoimmune and inflammatory diseases following COVID-19 date: 2020-06-04 words: 1624.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309317-cgs0sui7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309317-cgs0sui7.txt summary: Emerging reports show that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection precedes the appearance of various autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, including paediatric inflammatory multisystemic syndrome (PIMS) or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), thus adding to the growing mystery of this virus and raising questions about the nature of its link with autoimmune and autoinflammatory sequelae. Several emerging reports show that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic respiratory infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), could lead to autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, such as paedi atric inflammatory multisystemic syndrome (PIMS; which includes Kawasaki-like disease, Kawasaki disease shock syndrome, toxic shock syndrome, myocarditis and macrophage activation syndrome) in children [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] . In the USA, the New York City Health Department on 4 May 2020 reported that 15 children aged 2-15 years had presented with symptoms of MIS-C, including persistent fever and increased levels of inflammatory markers, and many also had rash, abdominal pain, vomiting or diarrhea; ten of the 15 child ren were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection 6 . abstract: Emerging reports show that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection precedes the appearance of various autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, including paediatric inflammatory multisystemic syndrome (PIMS) or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), thus adding to the growing mystery of this virus and raising questions about the nature of its link with autoimmune and autoinflammatory sequelae. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41584-020-0448-7 doi: 10.1038/s41584-020-0448-7 id: cord-343387-7el80yby author: Gallizzi, Romina title: Kawasaki disease epidemic: pitfalls date: 2020-08-27 words: 1026.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343387-7el80yby.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343387-7el80yby.txt summary: Recent reports have described in the pediatric population a new type of hyperinflammatory response manifested following contact with SARS-CoV-2, with some of the clinical features attributable to Kawasaki disease (KD). Although today little is known about the etiology of KD, the most accepted hypothesis is that of a probable viral etiology, therefore, even the SARS-CoV-2 virus could trigger, in genetically predisposed subjects, an exaggerated inflammatory response that is clinically evident like the one described in KD. In this context the scientific community is wondering about a possible correlation between SARS-CoV-2 virus infection and the onset of Kawasaki-like diseases. They suggest that this clinical picture represents a new phenomenon that affects previously asymptomatic children with SARS-CoV-2 infection manifesting itself as a hyperinflammatory multi-organ involvement syndrome similar to a shock syndrome in KD [8] . Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a scientific statement for health professionals from the American Heart Association An outbreak of severe Kawasaki-like disease at the Italian epicentre of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: an observational cohort study abstract: Recent reports have described in the pediatric population a new type of hyperinflammatory response manifested following contact with SARS-CoV-2, with some of the clinical features attributable to Kawasaki disease (KD). The purpose of this commentary is to remark on a possible recent association between SARS-CoV-2 and KD. Although today little is known about the etiology of KD, the most accepted hypothesis is that of a probable viral etiology, therefore, even the SARS-CoV-2 virus could trigger, in genetically predisposed subjects, an exaggerated inflammatory response that is clinically evident like the one described in KD. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-020-00887-4 doi: 10.1186/s13052-020-00887-4 id: cord-312486-rumqopg0 author: Jacob, Chaim Oscar title: On the genetics and immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-10 words: 11514.0 sentences: 579.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312486-rumqopg0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312486-rumqopg0.txt summary: The question is whether ACE2 expression levels are pertinent to SARS-CoV-2 infection only in the tissues relevant to viral entry and the lungs as its major target, [44, 45] or, given that COVID-19 in its severe form is a systemic disease with multi-organ disfunction [46, 47] , ACE2 expression levels may be important in multiple organs and tissues other than those of the respiratory system. However, the activation of multiple complement pathways, dysregulated neutrophil responses, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability appear to be interlinked with SARS-CoV-2 infection and instead serve to drive the severity of the disease [91] . Regarding SLE, the prototypic systemic autoimmune disease, a group of investigators suggested that inherent epigenetic dysregulation causing hypomethylation and overexpression of ACE2, the functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2, might facilitate viral J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f entry, viremia, and increased likelihood of cytokine storm in such patients [153] . abstract: Most severe cases with COVID-19, especially those with pulmonary failure, are not a consequence of viral burden and/or failure of the ‘adaptive’ immune response to subdue the pathogen by utilizing an adequate ‘adaptive’ immune defense. Rather it is a consequence of immunopathology, resulting from imbalanced innate immune response, which may not be linked to pathogen burden at all. In fact, it might be described as an autoinflammatory disease. The Kawasaki-like disease seen in children with SARS-CoV-2 exposure might be another example of similar mechanism. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1521661620307518 doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108591 id: cord-333145-a20dlaxn author: Johnson, Todd A. title: Association of an IGHV3-66 gene variant with Kawasaki disease date: 2020-10-26 words: 6438.0 sentences: 303.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333145-a20dlaxn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333145-a20dlaxn.txt summary: In a meta-analysis of three GWAS for susceptibility to Kawasaki disease (KD) conducted in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan and follow-up studies with a total of 11,265 subjects (3428 cases and 7837 controls), a significantly associated SNV in the immunoglobulin heavy variable gene (IGHV) cluster in 14q33.32 was identified (rs4774175; OR = 1.20, P = 6.0 × 10(−9)). Considering that significant association of SNVs in the IGHV region with disease susceptibility was previously known only for rheumatic heart disease (RHD), a complication of acute rheumatic fever (ARF), these observations suggest that common B-cell related mechanisms may mediate the symptomology of KD and ARF as well as RHD. Instead, 7 out of 12 groups of SNVs in the 6p21 region examined in the Stage 2 analyses showed significant association in the metaanalyses of the data sets in the three GWAS as well as in the follow-up studies ( Table 1 and Supplementary Fig. 3A ). abstract: In a meta-analysis of three GWAS for susceptibility to Kawasaki disease (KD) conducted in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan and follow-up studies with a total of 11,265 subjects (3428 cases and 7837 controls), a significantly associated SNV in the immunoglobulin heavy variable gene (IGHV) cluster in 14q33.32 was identified (rs4774175; OR = 1.20, P = 6.0 × 10(−9)). Investigation of nonsynonymous SNVs of the IGHV cluster in 9335 Japanese subjects identified the C allele of rs6423677, located in IGHV3-66, as the most significant reproducible association (OR = 1.25, P = 6.8 × 10(−10) in 3603 cases and 5731 controls). We observed highly skewed allelic usage of IGHV3-66, wherein the rs6423677 A allele was nearly abolished in the transcripts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of both KD patients and healthy adults. Association of the high-expression allele with KD strongly indicates some active roles of B-cells or endogenous immunoglobulins in the disease pathogenesis. Considering that significant association of SNVs in the IGHV region with disease susceptibility was previously known only for rheumatic heart disease (RHD), a complication of acute rheumatic fever (ARF), these observations suggest that common B-cell related mechanisms may mediate the symptomology of KD and ARF as well as RHD. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33106546/ doi: 10.1038/s10038-020-00864-z id: cord-304533-qwbbsg14 author: Jones, Imogen title: An adult presentation consistent with PIMS-TS date: 2020-07-10 words: 275.0 sentences: 21.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304533-qwbbsg14.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304533-qwbbsg14.txt summary: key: cord-304533-qwbbsg14 cord_uid: qwbbsg14 The patient had no previous his tory of COVID19 symptoms or con tact with known COVID19 cases. Adult and paediatric specialists conferred and concluded that the most likely diagnosis was Kawasaki like disease on the PIMSTS spectrum. Kawasaki dis ease has been described in adults in association with viral infection. 4, 5 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of adult Kawasaki like disease related to SARSCoV2 infection. There is an urgent need to recognise and fully characterise PIMS TS in young adults to improve our understanding of pathogenesis, guide treatment decisions, and prevent sequelae in these patients. An outbreak of severe Kawasakilike disease at the Italian epicentre of SARSCoV2 epidemic: an observational cohort study A case of complete adultonset Kawasaki disease: a review of pathogenesis and classification Kawasakilike syndromes in HIVinfected adults abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665991320302344 doi: 10.1016/s2665-9913(20)30234-4 id: cord-269170-9f460xbq author: Kaneko, Kazunari title: Our Evolving Understanding of Kawasaki Disease Pathogenesis: Role of the Gut Microbiota date: 2020-07-24 words: 4597.0 sentences: 248.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269170-9f460xbq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269170-9f460xbq.txt summary: The disease seems to result from the interplay of genetic and environmental susceptibility factors with infectious triggers, followed by a subsequent abnormal immune response characterized by increased levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines during the acute phase. Recent advances in culture-independent techniques for detection and identification of intestinal commensal bacteria enabled the discovery that Th17 and Treg differentiation are regulated by short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), in particular butyrate, produced by the gut microbiota. This perspective is illustrated in Figure 1 and can be explained as follows: [1] various factors during the in utero and postnatal period drive dysbiosis in young children; [2] dysbiosis results in reduced intestinal production of SCFAs including butyrate; [3] reduced levels of SCFAs in the gut cause an imbalance of Th17s/Tregs; and [4] individuals with Th17/Treg imbalances develop hypercytokinemia triggered by ubiquitous infectious agents(s), followed by KD (Figure 1) . abstract: Kawasaki disease (KD) was first described by Dr. Tomisaku Kawasaki in 1967. The etiology of KD has been studied comprehensively but remains largely unknown. The disease seems to result from the interplay of genetic and environmental susceptibility factors with infectious triggers, followed by a subsequent abnormal immune response characterized by increased levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines during the acute phase. Evidence has mounted to suggest that an imbalance between T helper 17 cells (Th17s) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) is associated with aberrant immune responses in KD. Recent advances in culture-independent techniques for detection and identification of intestinal commensal bacteria enabled the discovery that Th17 and Treg differentiation are regulated by short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), in particular butyrate, produced by the gut microbiota. This finding provided a mechanistic link between dysbiosis, defined as changes in the composition of the gut microbiota, and various inflammatory diseases. On this basis, we propose that dysbiosis, with reduced production of SCFAs leading to imbalances of Th17s/Tregs, could be involved in the etiology of KD. A pilot study supported this hypothesis, as only fecal concentrations of butyrate were significantly reduced in KD patients among SCFAs. This evolving perspective prompted us to undertake metagenomic analyses of bacterial DNA from the feces of KD patients who were antibiotic-naïve at diagnosis. Simultaneous measurements of Th17s/Tregs in peripheral blood and SCFA concentrations in feces would provide valuable information regarding the association between dysbiosis and dysregulated immune responses in KD. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32793240/ doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01616 id: cord-007277-86lynlxn author: Kenneth, McIntosh title: Coronaviruses in the Limelight date: 2005-02-15 words: 2013.0 sentences: 96.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-007277-86lynlxn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-007277-86lynlxn.txt summary: started their work), but rather that, in some of the earliest work on CoVs during the 1960s, viruses were reported that were then forgotten-viruses that came from adults with respiratory illness, that grew only in human embryonic tracheal organ culture, that caused illness in volunteers, and that were not, or were only distantly, antigenically related to the 2 HCoV species that were subsequently the best studied, HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43. However, the details from Esper et al.''s study-the seasonal distribution, the percentage of positive samples, the associated respiratory syndromes, and the numbers of infected children at various ages, for example-were heavily influenced by both the particular population that was investigated and the clinical setting, so it is essentially impossible to draw conclusions on the epidemiology, pathogenicity, and relative importance of HCoV-NH in relation to other respiratory viruses. Evidence of a novel human coronavirus that is associated with respiratory tract disease in infants and young children abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7110118/ doi: 10.1086/428510 id: cord-277908-d26xzean author: Kuo, Ho-Chang title: Kawasaki-like disease among Italian children in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-08-18 words: 2222.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277908-d26xzean.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277908-d26xzean.txt summary: Early-childhood prescribed antibiotics associated with type 1 Diabetes Main Results 1,297 children (0.2%) developed DM1 (median age 4.0 years, range 0-8.3). Conclusions Early-life prescribed antibiotics for otitis media and respiratory infections, are associated with DM1 development, with a higher risk in cesarean delivery birth. Those diagnosed in the COVID-19 era demonstrated a higher incidence: 10 vs 0.3 per month, mean age: 7.5 vs 3.0 years, Kawasaki disease shock syndrome: 50% vs 0%, MAS: 50% vs 0%, and steroid requirement: 80% vs 15%, all P < .01. Emphasizing, at health supervision visits, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations regarding appropriate media use with children, 3 parents should also be apprised of the association between earlier screen exposure and the risk of developing ASD-like symptoms, although currently, a causal relationship cannot be inferred. 1 US studies based on vital statistics data, found a higher risk of neonatal death in home compared with hospital births. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0022347620308659 doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.07.022 id: cord-301160-7ik3iszp author: Lee, Kyung-Yil title: Kawasaki Disease: Laboratory Findings and an Immunopathogenesis on the Premise of a "Protein Homeostasis System" date: 2012-03-01 words: 8967.0 sentences: 436.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301160-7ik3iszp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301160-7ik3iszp.txt summary: Therefore, circulating immune cells, especially T cells, control the inflammation of the majority of the affected regions of KD patients without sequelae, but they also may be involved in the progression of the disease, such as in the case of CALs. Epidemiological and clinical data suggest that KD is an immunological reaction to infectious triggers occurring in genetically susceptible children. Many genetic studies in different countries have evaluated variants in candidate KD genes, and a number of variants, including inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate 3-kinase (ITPKC) and caspase-3, risk of CALs. For example, a severely affected patient who is persistently febrile for a week, showing constant low levels of platelet with high levels of AST and ALT in followup examination, may still not have reached the peak stage of inflammation, suggesting a higher possibility of more severe CALs. Laboratory findings are now mandatory for diagnosis of incomplete KD. abstract: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a self-limited systemic inflammatory illness, and coronary artery lesions (CALs) are a major complication determining the prognosis of the disease. Epidemiologic studies in Asian children suggest that the etiologic agent(s) of KD may be associated with environmental changes. Laboratory findings are useful for the diagnosis of incomplete KD, and they can guide the next-step in treatment of initial intravenous immunoglobulin non-responders. CALs seem to develop in the early stages of the disease before a peak in inflammation. Therefore early treatment, before the peak in inflammation, is mandatory to reduce the risk of CAL progression and severity of CALs. The immunopathogenesis of KD is more likely that of acute rheumatic fever than scarlet fever. A hypothetical pathogenesis of KD is proposed under the premise of a "protein homeostasis system"; where innate and adaptive immune cells control pathogenic proteins that are toxic to host cells at a molecular level. After an infection of unknown KD pathogen(s), the pathogenic proteins produced from an unknown focus, spread and bind to endothelial cells of coronary arteries as main target cells. To control the action of pathogenic proteins and/or substances from the injured cells, immune cells are activated. Initially, non-specific T cells and non-specific antibodies are involved in this reaction, while hyperactivated immune cells produce various cytokines, leading to a cytokine imbalance associated with further endothelial cell injury. After the emergence of specific T cells and specific antibodies against the pathogenic proteins, tissue injury ceases and a repair reaction begins with the immune cells. url: https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2012.53.2.262 doi: 10.3349/ymj.2012.53.2.262 id: cord-259996-uhrhsrky author: Lee, Seul Bee title: Cardiac Function in Kawasaki Disease Patients with Respiratory Symptoms date: 2015-07-16 words: 3527.0 sentences: 224.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259996-uhrhsrky.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259996-uhrhsrky.txt summary: Coronary artery diameter, C-reactive protein levels, platelet count, alanine aminotransferase levels, and NT-pro BNP levels were significantly higher and albumin levels lower in group 2 compared with group 3. Laboratory data obtained from each patient included complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum total protein, albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). The KD patients in their studies had significantly higher positive rates for virus isolation and PCR for those viruses compared with the control group (50.4% vs. 12) found that children with KD who had respiratory virus infections had a higher incidence of coronary artery dilatation than KD patients without viral infections, and the former group were more often diagnosed with incomplete KD. Detection rate and clinical impact of respiratory viruses in children with Kawasaki disease abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Respiratory symptoms are often observed in children with Kawasaki disease (KD) during the acute phase. The association of respiratory viruses in children with KD was investigated using multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and tissue Doppler echocardiography. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 138 KD patients were included from January 2010 to June 2013. We compared 3 groups (group 1: n=94, KD without respiratory symptoms; group 2: n=44, KD with respiratory symptoms; and group 3: n=50, febrile patients with respiratory symptoms). Laboratory data were obtained from each patient including N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Echocardiographic measurements were compared between group 1 and group 2. RT-PCR was performed using nasopharyngeal secretion to screen for the presence of 14 viruses in groups 2 and 3. RESULTS: The incidence of KD with respiratory symptoms was 31.8%. The duration of fever was significantly longer, and coronary artery diameter was larger in group 2 than in group 1. Tei index was significantly higher and coronary artery diameter larger in group 2 than group 1. Coronary artery diameter, C-reactive protein levels, platelet count, alanine aminotransferase levels, and NT-pro BNP levels were significantly higher and albumin levels lower in group 2 compared with group 3. CONCLUSION: NT-pro BNP was a valuable diagnostic tool in differentiating KD from other febrile viral respiratory infections. Some viruses were more frequently observed in KD patients than in febrile controls. Tei index using tissue Doppler imaging was increased in KD patients with respiratory symptoms. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26240586/ doi: 10.4070/kcj.2015.45.4.317 id: cord-278761-cqrggpmj author: Manus, Jean-Marie title: Sars-CoV-2 et Kawasaki, rapprochement à risque date: 2020-07-01 words: 273.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 72.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278761-cqrggpmj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278761-cqrggpmj.txt summary: title: Sars-CoV-2 et Kawasaki, rapprochement à risque Focus © zilvergolf/stock.adobe.com Le Lancet a publié une observation, d''une équipe de pédiatrie de l''hôpital Pape-Jean-XXIII de Bergame [1] , évoquant ce Kawasaki-like sévère avec l''épidémie de Covid-19. Les médecins ont évalué les caractéristiques cliniques d e s p a t i e n t s K a w a s a k i -l i k e lors de l''épidémie, ilsont repris les obser vations de maladie de Kawasaki des cinq dernières années au service de pédiatrie, selon un groupe 1 (avant le Covid-19) et un groupe 2 (après le début du Covid-19). La présentation de Kawasaki-like a été comparée à la maladie de Kawasaki selon les critères de l''American Heart Des cliniciens français ont récemment établi un rapprochement entre le Covid-19 et la maladie de Kawasaki chez l''enfant très symptomatique porteur du Sars-CoV-2, à type de Kawasaki-like. Sars-CoV-2 et Kawasaki, rapprochement à risque . abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1773035X2030215X doi: 10.1016/s1773-035x(20)30215-x id: cord-003713-n3o8lwu4 author: Min, Dong Eun title: High antistreptolysin O titer is associated with coronary artery lesions in patients with Kawasaki disease date: 2018-11-07 words: 2783.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-003713-n3o8lwu4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-003713-n3o8lwu4.txt summary: title: High antistreptolysin O titer is associated with coronary artery lesions in patients with Kawasaki disease PURPOSE: In Kawasaki disease (KD) patients, coronary artery complications, incomplete and refractory types occur more frequently in patients with streptococcal or other bacterial/viral infections. Therefore, we hypothesized that KD patients diagnosed with concurrent streptococcal infection have poor prognoses, with respect to treatment response and development of coronary artery lesions. CONCLUSION: It is not certain whether acute streptococcal infection may cause KD, but this study revealed that KD with high ASO titers showed higher rates of severe clinical course. A good clinical course group is defined as fever subsiding within 36 hours after the end of first IVIG treatment without any coronary artery abnormalities. All patients in the good clinical course group had complete KD, fevers that subsided within 36 hours after the first IVIG treatment, and normal coronary arteries. abstract: PURPOSE: In Kawasaki disease (KD) patients, coronary artery complications, incomplete and refractory types occur more frequently in patients with streptococcal or other bacterial/viral infections. Recently, we observed a higher incidence of coronary lesions in KD patients with high anti-streptolysin O (ASO) titer. Therefore, we hypothesized that KD patients diagnosed with concurrent streptococcal infection have poor prognoses, with respect to treatment response and development of coronary artery lesions. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed in 723 patients with KD who were admitted to 2 major hospitals between June 2010 and September 2017. RESULTS: Among 723 patients with KD, 11 initially showed an elevated ASO titer (>320 IU/mL) or elevated follow-up ASO titer after treatment. Of these patients, 5 showed no response to the first intravenous immunoglobulin treatment, 3 had abnormalities of the coronary arteries. This is a significantly higher proportion of patients with a high ASO titer (n=3, 27.3%) than those with a normal ASO titer (n=53 [7.4%], P=0.047). A severe clinical course was seen in 81.8% of patients in the high ASO group versus 14.5% of patients in the normal ASO group. CONCLUSION: It is not certain whether acute streptococcal infection may cause KD, but this study revealed that KD with high ASO titers showed higher rates of severe clinical course. It may be helpful to analyze concurrent streptococcal infection in patients with a severe clinical course. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6584233/ doi: 10.3345/kjp.2018.06989 id: cord-300216-3mvfiuwc author: Montenegro-Villalobos, Jiulliana title: Subconjunctival Acute Bilateral Hemorrhages Due to Kawasaki Disease in a Costa Rican Girl: An Unusual Clinical Manifestation of the Disease date: 2020-09-02 words: 1584.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300216-3mvfiuwc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300216-3mvfiuwc.txt summary: title: Subconjunctival Acute Bilateral Hemorrhages Due to Kawasaki Disease in a Costa Rican Girl: An Unusual Clinical Manifestation of the Disease Among the ocular manifestations in these patients, bilateral non-suppurative conjunctival injection and uveitis are the most common. We describe a six-year-old Costa Rican girl with acute Kawasaki disease who developed severe bilateral conjunctival injection with subsequent bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhages. To our knowledge, this is the first report from Latin America and among the few in the literature of a child in whom severe bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhages occur as a manifestation of Kawasaki disease. Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis and the leading cause of acquired cardiac disease in children, with approximately 80% of cases occurring in children in the first five years of age. Rare ocular manifestations in an 11-year-old girl with incomplete Kawasaki disease: a case report abstract: Kawasaki disease is an acute systemic vasculitis and is the leading cause of acquired cardiac disease in children. Among the ocular manifestations in these patients, bilateral non-suppurative conjunctival injection and uveitis are the most common. We describe a six-year-old Costa Rican girl with acute Kawasaki disease who developed severe bilateral conjunctival injection with subsequent bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhages. For her ocular involvement, she was treated expectantly, and after six weeks there was complete resolution. To our knowledge, this is the first report from Latin America and among the few in the literature of a child in whom severe bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhages occur as a manifestation of Kawasaki disease. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10212 doi: 10.7759/cureus.10212 id: cord-256642-payjduek author: Muthuvelu, Sobana title: Measles infection causing Bacillus Calmette-Guérin reactivation: a case report date: 2019-07-24 words: 2775.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256642-payjduek.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256642-payjduek.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Reactivation of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), manifesting as erythema, induration, ulceration or crust formation at a previous BCG inoculation site, is a common and highly specific feature of Kawasaki disease (KD). CONCLUSIONS: This case report highlights the rare finding of BCG reactivation in a child with confirmed measles infection, and suggests that this clinical manifestation may occasionally occur in children with infections or conditions other than KD. Reactivation of the BCG, manifesting as erythema, induration, ulceration or crust formation at the BCG site months or years after inoculation, has been described as an important feature of Kawasaki disease (KD) [5, 6] . Here, we present a case report of a 7-month old infant with laboratory-confirmed measles who presented with erythema and induration at the BCG inoculation site. Apart from those to confirm the measles infection, no laboratory investigations were undertaken to determine if additional viral pathogens were present in the patient and contributed to the development of the BCG reactivation. abstract: BACKGROUND: Reactivation of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), manifesting as erythema, induration, ulceration or crust formation at a previous BCG inoculation site, is a common and highly specific feature of Kawasaki disease (KD). We report the unusual finding of BCG reactivation in an infant with laboratory-confirmed measles. CASE PRESENTATION: A previously healthy 7-month old infant presented initially with fever, cough and coryza, and subsequently developed Koplik’s spots followed by a typical morbilliform skin rash. There was significant contact history with a household relative who had recently been diagnosed with measles. On examination, a 2.5 cm area of erythema and induration was seen at the previous BCG inoculation site, in addition to the widespread maculopapular rash. No other clinical features of KD were present. Measles virus was isolated from the throat swab and measles antibodies (IgM) were present in the serum. The patient recovered completely with oral vitamin A and supportive therapy, and had normal echocardiography examination on follow up. CONCLUSIONS: This case report highlights the rare finding of BCG reactivation in a child with confirmed measles infection, and suggests that this clinical manifestation may occasionally occur in children with infections or conditions other than KD. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31340782/ doi: 10.1186/s12887-019-1635-z id: cord-314662-nem6dw34 author: Nakra, Natasha A. title: Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Review of Clinical Presentation, Hypothetical Pathogenesis, and Proposed Management date: 2020-07-01 words: 5543.0 sentences: 299.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314662-nem6dw34.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314662-nem6dw34.txt summary: Initial reports surfaced in the UK [3] and Italy [4] , followed by New York and other parts of the U.S. Preliminary accounts of the features of this syndrome resemble those of known entities such as Kawasaki Disease (KD), toxic shock syndrome (TSS), and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (SHLH)/macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). Early consultation of specialists to assist in management, such as intensive care, cardiology, rheumatology, infectious diseases, allergy/immunology, neurology Abbreviations: ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; pro-BNP, pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CRP, C-reactive protein; CT, computed tomography; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; GI, gastrointestinal; HLH, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; IL, interleukin; MIS-C, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children; NK, natural killer; NP, nasopharyngeal; PT, prothrombin time; PTT, partial thromboplastin time; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may result in the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). The clinical presentation of MIS-C includes fever, severe illness, and the involvement of two or more organ systems, in combination with laboratory evidence of inflammation and laboratory or epidemiologic evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some features of MIS-C resemble Kawasaki Disease, toxic shock syndrome, and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome. The relationship of MIS-C to SARS-CoV-2 infection suggests that the pathogenesis involves post-infectious immune dysregulation. Patients with MIS-C should ideally be managed in a pediatric intensive care environment since rapid clinical deterioration may occur. Specific immunomodulatory therapy depends on the clinical presentation. The relationship between the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in development and MIS-C requires further study. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/children7070069 doi: 10.3390/children7070069 id: cord-294729-c9f0iokr author: Orr, William B. title: Delayed Development of Coronary Artery Dilitation in Suspected Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome: More Research Needed date: 2020-10-01 words: 2617.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294729-c9f0iokr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294729-c9f0iokr.txt summary: Conclusion: Our representative case of a patient with coronavirus disease-19-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children without robust hyperinflammation and a delayed finding of coronary artery dilatation compared with reported case series highlights the need for further mechanistic understanding of coronavirus disease-19 disease and subsequent multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children or Kawasaki disease development. Key Words: coronavirus disease-19; immune suppression; Kawasaki disease; multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children; research S ignificant disease burden in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has been relatively uncommon in children with less than 5% of cases in the United States and globally under 18 years old (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) . However, although children appear to have a less severe acute disease course, worldwide cases of a postinfectious multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and possible atypical Kawasaki-like disease attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection have arisen (8) (9) (10) . abstract: Although significant disease burden in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has been relatively uncommon in children, worldwide cases of a postinfectious multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and possible atypical Kawasaki-like disease attributing to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection have arisen. Original thinking for coronavirus disease-19 disease was that an overwhelming proinflammatory response drove disease pathogenesis. Emerging reports suggest that a robust immune suppression may be more relevant and predominant. Recently reported data on children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children have demonstrated a heterogeneity of immune phenotypes among these patients, with concern for a strong initial proinflammatory state; however, data are lacking to support this. Likewise, understanding development of certain clinical findings to changes in the immune system is lacking. CASE SUMMARY: We report a 12-year-old multiracial male with negative coronavirus disease-19 nasopharyngeal RNA polymerase chain reaction testing but positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 serology, subsequent development of vasodilatory shock with myocardial depression, and subsequent delayed development of coronary artery dilatation after resolution of myocardial depression. Unlike previous reported cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, he exhibited profound lymphopenia without specific inflammatory cytokines elevations, whereas nonspecific markers (ferritin and C-reactive protein) were increased. He subsequently was discharged on day 12 of hospitalization with complete recovery. CONCLUSION: Our representative case of a patient with coronavirus disease-19-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children without robust hyperinflammation and a delayed finding of coronary artery dilatation compared with reported case series highlights the need for further mechanistic understanding of coronavirus disease-19 disease and subsequent multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children or Kawasaki disease development. This report offers a number of disease mechanisms and clinical evolution considerations for further elucidation to guide development of potential therapies. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/cce.0000000000000236 doi: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000236 id: cord-283349-9x2d1qip author: Paolino, Jonathan title: Peripheral blood smears of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome demonstrate prominence of early myeloid forms with morphologic evidence of toxic change date: 2020-07-24 words: 864.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283349-9x2d1qip.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283349-9x2d1qip.txt summary: title: Peripheral blood smears of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome demonstrate prominence of early myeloid forms with morphologic evidence of toxic change There is a growing body of evidence that suggests that children have largely been spared of much of the morbidity associated with the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic 1,2 Over the last several weeks, however, there has been an increasing awareness and understanding of a hyperinflammatory shock syndrome that appears to mimic some aspects of Kawasaki disease in some pediatric patients. While the role that neutrophils play in the development of Kawasaki disease continues to be clarified, it is described in the literature that higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios (NLRs) may portend an increased risk of resistance to treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin as well as development of coronary aneurysms 6, 7 Indeed, there is also evidence that suggests that higher NLRs in patients with COVID-19 are associated with increased levels of inflammation and clinical severity. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32706422/ doi: 10.1002/pbc.28551 id: cord-315001-1ui27pkc author: Peterson, Nicholas title: Discovering Associations: Kawasaki Disease and COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 words: 1593.0 sentences: 96.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315001-1ui27pkc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315001-1ui27pkc.txt summary: Due to her prolonged fever, she was tested for COVID-19 which was positive; however, she did not develop respiratory symptoms during her illness. At the time of manuscript submission, this is the second case report to our knowledge showing an association between Kawasaki Disease and SARS-CoV-2 virus, both of which are poorly understood diseases in the pediatric population. This case highlights the value of testing pediatric patients for COVID-19 who present with fever in the absence of other symptoms to improve epidemiologic measures during the ongoing pandemic, and it also adds to a foundation of cases for future research on the presence of a link between Kawasaki Disease and COVID-19. We present a case showing an association between Kawasaki disease and the SARS-CoV-2 virus. is case highlights the value of testing patients for COVID-19 during evaluation for Kawasaki disease (KD). is case highlights the value of testing patients for COVID-19 during evaluation for possible Kawasaki disease. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 3.6 million confirmed cases and over 254,000 deaths worldwide. It has been theorized that children who are asymptomatic or who do not display significant respiratory symptoms are potential vectors for community transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This is incompletely understood due to the current lack of widespread testing in the pediatric population. We describe a case of a 2-year-old female who presented with symptoms of prolonged fever, conjunctivitis, extremity edema, rash, dry/cracked lips, fussiness and fatigue, and a notable absence of respiratory symptoms. She was diagnosed with and treated for Kawasaki disease. Due to her prolonged fever, she was tested for COVID-19 which was positive; however, she did not develop respiratory symptoms during her illness. At the time of manuscript submission, this is the second case report to our knowledge showing an association between Kawasaki Disease and SARS-CoV-2 virus, both of which are poorly understood diseases in the pediatric population. This case highlights the value of testing pediatric patients for COVID-19 who present with fever in the absence of other symptoms to improve epidemiologic measures during the ongoing pandemic, and it also adds to a foundation of cases for future research on the presence of a link between Kawasaki Disease and COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33062362/ doi: 10.1155/2020/8880242 id: cord-018638-4pyjhpbk author: Pilania, Rakesh Kumar title: Kawasaki Disease date: 2019-10-30 words: 5674.0 sentences: 378.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018638-4pyjhpbk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018638-4pyjhpbk.txt summary: Acute non-purulent cervical lymphadenopathy Table 4 .2 AHA 2017 diagnostic criteria for KD [28] Diagnosis of classic KD can be proffered in the presence of fever for at least 5 days associated with at least 4 of the 5 following principal clinical features. Cervical lymphadenopathy (>1.5 cm diameter), usually unilateral A careful history may reveal that ≥1 principal clinical features were present during the illness but resolved by the time of presentation Exclusion of other diseases with similar findings (e.g., scarlet fever, viral infections like measles, adenovirus, enterovirus, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic shock syndrome, drug hypersensitivity reactions, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis) unusual for KD. Perianal desquamation is virtually pathognomonic of KD and is a useful clinical sign for diagnosis of the disease during the acute phase ( Fig. 4 .3c). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Kawasaki disease and factors associated with coronary artery abnormalities in East China: nine years experience abstract: Kawasaki disease (KD) is the commonest cause of acquired heart disease in children in the developed world and is increasingly being reported from developing countries. KD has a predilection for the coronary arteries. Etiology of this disorder is remains an enigma. Diagnosis of KD is essentially clinical with the help of set of clinical criteria. Incomplete KD is said to occur when these criteria are not fulfilled. However, incomplete KD should not be considered as a milder form of the disease. 2D-echocardiography remains the imaging modality of choice for evaluation and monitoring of cardiac complications but often needs to be supplemented by CT coronary angiography. Intravenous immunoglobulin along with aspirin is the gold standard therapy of treatment for KD. However, there is no consensus on treatment of resistant forms of KD. Patients with KD should be on long-term follow-up especially if they have developed coronary artery abnormalities during the acute stage. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123566/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-19055-2_4 id: cord-293714-s6ezxi5r author: Principi, Nicola title: The role of infection in Kawasaki syndrome date: 2013-04-18 words: 6229.0 sentences: 323.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293714-s6ezxi5r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293714-s6ezxi5r.txt summary: Further findings that strongly support an infectious origin of KS are those of Orenstein et al., who used light microscopy and TEM to study tissue specimens from 32 autopsies, eight heart transplants and an excised coronary aneurysm of patients with KS and identified three different vasculopathic processes: acute self-limited necrotising arteritis (NA), subacute/chronic vasculitis, and luminal myofibroplastic proliferation. More recently, Japanese and Taiwanese groups independently reported a significant association between KS and polymorphisms in the intergenic region on chromosome 8p23-p22 between B lymphoid kinase (BLK ), a tyrosine kinase involved in B-cell receptor signal transduction and FAM167A, a functionally uncharacterized gene. 117 They found that polymorphisms at BLK gene together with genetic abnormalities at CD40, were associated with KS at genomewide significance (p < 5.5 Â 10 À8 ) confirming the role of immune activation and inflammation in the pathogenesis of the syndrome. Association of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor gene polymorphisms with coronary artery lesions of Kawasaki disease abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse the evidence suggesting a possible infectious origin of Kawasaki syndrome (KS). METHODS: PubMed was searched for all of the studies published over the last 15 years using the key words “Kawasaki syndrome” or “mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome” and “infectious disease” or “genetics” or “vasculitis” or “pathogenesis”. RESULTS: Various levels of evidence support the hypothesis that KS is a complex disease triggered by an infection due to one or more pathogens. Viruses or bacteria may be the primum movens, although no specific infectious agent can be considered definitely etiological. A number of genetic polymorphisms have been identified in subjects with KS, but none of them can currently be considered a real marker of susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS: Various data suggest that KS is intimately related to infectious diseases and that its clinical expression is influenced by predisposing genetic backgrounds, but our knowledge of the infectious agent(s) involved and the genetic characteristics of susceptible children remains only partial. Further studies are needed to address the many still open questions concerning the disease. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445313000777 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.04.004 id: cord-017245-kxqh32ip author: Sharma, Avinash title: Kawasaki Disease date: 2016-06-02 words: 4092.0 sentences: 254.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017245-kxqh32ip.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017245-kxqh32ip.txt summary: Initially described in 1967 by Dr. Tomisaku Kawasaki in Japanese children as an acute mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome [ 1 -3 ] , KD may lead to coronary artery abnormalities (CAAs) in up to 25 % of patients if left untreated. Japan reports the highest incidence of KD in the world -the present fi gure being 265/100,000 children below the age of 5 years. In the years to come, KD may soon replace rheumatic fever to become the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in India, just as in Japan, Europe and North America. If a child has fever for less than 5 days or has less than four criteria, the presence of coronary artery abnormalities (CAAs) detected on 2D echocardiography would also suggest a diagnosis of KD [ 17 ] . A replication study for association of ITPKC and CASP3 two-locus analysis in IVIG unresponsiveness and coronary artery lesion in Kawasaki disease abstract: To learn about the epidemiology, aetiopathogenesis, clinical features and differential diagnosis of Kawasaki disease (KD) url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121756/ doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-1750-6_35 id: cord-024189-t7mbsr25 author: Weyand, Cornelia M. title: Vasculitides date: 2008 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Despite the spatial closeness of blood vessels and inflammatory cells, blood vessel walls are infrequently targeted by inflammation. Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu’s arteritis (TA) are characterized by inflammation directed against the vessel wall. GCA and TA display stringent tissue tropism and affect defined vascular territories in a preferential manner. GCA predominantly affects the second- to fifth-order aortic branches, often in the extracranial arteries of the head. The aorta itself may also be affected in GCA, albeit less often than other regions. In contrast, in TA, the aorta and its major branches are the prime disease targets. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7193731/ doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-68566-3_21 id: cord-030192-ebsh62ll author: Winant, Abbey J. title: Thoracic Imaging Findings of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with COVID-19: What Radiologists Need to Know Now date: 2020-07-30 words: 4301.0 sentences: 248.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030192-ebsh62ll.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030192-ebsh62ll.txt summary: 12 Furthermore, emerging new evidence suggests that COVID-19 infection in children and adolescents is associated with a multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C), with features similar to Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome, frequently requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. The United States CDC has presented the following case definition for a diagnosis of MIS-C associated with COVID-19, with pediatric patients required to meet all three of the following criteria: (1.) Individual under 21 years of age presenting with fever, laboratory evidence of inflammation, and evidence of clinically severe illness requiring hospitalization, with multisystem (≥2) organ involvement (cardiac, renal, respiratory, hematologic, gastrointestinal, dermatologic, or neurologic); (2.) No alternative plausible diagnosis; (3.) Positive current or recent SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR, serology, or I n p r e s s antigen test; or COVID-19 exposure within four weeks prior to symptom onset. abstract: The COVID-19 global pandemic is an ongoing public health emergency, with over 4 million confirmed cases worldwide. Due to the novel nature of this coronavirus and our evolving understanding of its pathophysiology, there is continued uncertainty surrounding diagnosis and management of COVID-19, especially in pediatric patients. In addition, a new febrile hyperinflammatory Kawasaki-like syndrome (also known as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, or MIS-C) has emerged in pediatric patients with temporal association to COVID-19 infection. This review article aims to provide an up-to-date review of the clinical and imaging findings of pediatric MIS-C associated with COVID-19, compared with typical acute pediatric COVID-19 infection, with an emphasis on thoracic imaging findings. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7397565/ doi: 10.1148/ryct.2020200346 id: cord-000627-gvzs9vxr author: Yang, Ya-Ling title: Lack of Association between CLEC5A Gene Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Kawasaki Disease in Taiwanese Children date: 2011-12-22 words: 1930.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-000627-gvzs9vxr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-000627-gvzs9vxr.txt summary: In the patients, polymorphisms of CLEC5A showed no significant association with coronary artery lesion formation and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment response. This study showed for the first time that polymorphisms of CLEC5A are not associated with susceptibility to KD, coronary artery lesion formation, and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment response in a Taiwanese population. To gain further understanding of the genetic role of CLEC5A in the pathogenesis of KD, the aim of our study was to determine if any CLEC5A SNPs are associated with susceptibility to KD, CAL formation, or IVIG treatment response in Taiwanese children. Additionally, the CLEC5A polymorphisms tested in this study failed to show any significant associations with genotype or allele frequency in the KD patients who showed a response to IVIG treatment (Table 4 ). In conclusion, this study showed for the first time that tSNPs of CLEC5A are not associated with susceptibility to KD, CAL formation, and IVIG treatment response in a Taiwanese population. abstract: Background. Kawasaki disease is characterized by systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. Previous genetic studies have identified certain candidate genes associated with susceptibility to KD and coronary artery lesions. Host innate immune response factors are involved in modulating the disease outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate CLEC5A (C-type lectin domain family 5) genetic polymorphisms with regards to the susceptibility and outcome of KD. Methods. A total of 1045 subjects (381 KD patients and 664 controls) were enrolled to identify 4 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) of CLEC5A (rs1285968, rs11770855, rs1285935, rs1285933) by using the TaqMan Allelic Discrimination Assay. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was assessed in cases and controls, and genetic effects were evaluated by the chi-square test. Results. No significant associations were noted between the genotypes and allele frequency of the 4 CLEC5A tSNPs between controls and patients. In the patients, polymorphisms of CLEC5A showed no significant association with coronary artery lesion formation and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment response. Conclusions. This study showed for the first time that polymorphisms of CLEC5A are not associated with susceptibility to KD, coronary artery lesion formation, and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment response in a Taiwanese population. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3318896/ doi: 10.1155/2012/398628 id: cord-342372-2g9sq36w author: Zhu, Frank H. title: The Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease: a Review and Update date: 2016-09-28 words: 5962.0 sentences: 315.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342372-2g9sq36w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342372-2g9sq36w.txt summary: The use of corticosteroids in patients with KD is currently reserved for children who have received ≥2 infusions of IVIG on the basis that effects of steroid therapy on coronary artery abnormalities were uncertain at the time of publication of KD treatment guidelines in 2004. In Japan, the study on the efficacy of IVIG and steroids in patients with severe presentation of KD (RAISE study), a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoints trial, showed combination treatment with IVIG and prednisolone had significant advantages over IVIG alone in the prevention of coronary artery abnormalities with rapid defervescence of fever and normalization of inflammatory markers [41•] . The earlier initiation of IVIG and corticosteroid therapy with subsequent increased steroid treatment duration was associated with significantly lower rates of coronary artery abnormalities in the RAISE study. Treatment with infliximab in patients with refractory Kawasaki disease was associated with shorter duration of fever and hospitalization when compared to second dose of IVIG in this randomized abstract: Kawasaki disease is an acute, self-limited vasculitis of childhood and has become the leading cause of acquired pediatric heart disease in the USA. Prompt treatment is essential in reducing cardiac-related morbidity and mortality. The underlying etiology remains unknown. The disease itself may be the characteristic manifestation of a common pathway of immune-mediated vascular inflammation in susceptible hosts. The characteristic clinical features of fever for at least 5 days with bilateral nonpurulent conjunctivitis, rash, changes in lips and oral cavity, changes in peripheral extremities, and cervical lymphadenopathy remain the mainstay of diagnosis. Supplementary laboratory criteria can aid in the diagnosis, particularly in cases of incomplete clinical presentation. Diagnosis of Kawasaki disease can be challenging as the clinical presentation can be mistaken for a variety of other pediatric illnesses. Standard of care consists of intravenous immune globulin and aspirin. Corticosteroids, infliximab, and cyclosporine A have been used as adjunct therapy for Kawasaki disease refractory to initial treatment. There is ongoing research into the use of these agents in the initial therapy of Kawasaki disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-016-0538-5 doi: 10.1007/s11908-016-0538-5 id: cord-331249-jrzgqq8q author: del Castillo Martín, Fernando title: Enfermedad de kawasaki date: 2006-06-30 words: 7632.0 sentences: 742.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331249-jrzgqq8q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331249-jrzgqq8q.txt summary: Para que un caso pueda ser diagnosticado de enfermedad de Kawasaki incompleta, debe tener al menos 5 días de fiebre, 2 o 3 criterios clínicos, elevación de los reactantes de fase aguda (proteína C reactiva y/o velocidad de sedimentación) y al menos 3 de las siguientes alteraciones analíticas: albúmina ≤ 3 g/dl, anemia para la edad del niño, elevación de alaninaminotransferasa, plaquetas > 450.000 después de 7 días de fiebre, leucocitos ≥ 15.000/µl y en orina ≥ 10 células/campo. Hay autores que incluso proponen un tratamiento si el niño es un lactante con fiebre sin foco de más de 5 días de duración, acompañada de aumento de la proteína C reactiva, neutrofilia y trombocitosis después de 7 días de fiebre, pero muy especialmente si tiene al menos uno de los siguientes signos: inyección conjuntival, enrojecimiento de labios o exantema 48 . abstract: Resumen La enfermedad de Kawasaki es una vasculitis sistémica de etiología desconocida que afecta principalmente a niños menores de 5 años. Es actualmente la primera causa de cardiopatía adquirida en la infancia en los países desarrollados, lo que la convierte en una enfermedad de suma trascendencia en el momento actual. No se conoce su etiología, aunque existen fuertes sospechas de que sea infecciosa. El diagnóstico se realiza por criterios clínicos de fiebre persistente de al menos 5 días de duración y 4 de 5 criterios clínicos: cambios en extremidades, exantemas polimorfos, inyección conjuntival no exudativa, cambios en los labios y la mucosa oral y adenopatías>1,5cm, habitualmente unilateral. La complicación más frecuente es la dilatación y los aneurismas de las arterias coronarias, la cual ocurre en el 20-25% de los niños no tratados. El tratamiento estándar de la enfermedad es con gammaglobulina intravenosa en dosis de 2g/kg, antes de los 10 días del comienzo de la enfermedad, más ácido acetilsalicílico oral en dosis antiinflamatorias. El riesgo de lesión coronaria en los niños tratados es del 3-5%. Abstract Kawasaki disease is a systemic vasculitis of unknow etiology that occurs predominantly in children under the age of 5 years. Kawasaki disease is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children in the developed world. The exact cause has not yet been established but there is considerable support for it to be due to an infectious agent. The diagnosis of Kawasaki disease is based in clinical criteria: fever persisting at least 5 days and the presence of at least 4 principal features: changes of extremities, polymorphous exanthem, bilateral bulbar conjunctival injection without exudate, changes in lips and oral cavity and cervical lymphadenopathy>1.5cm, usually unilateral. The most common complication is coronary arterial aneurysm and coronay arterial dilatation that occurs in 20-25% untreated children. Standard treatment for Kawasaki disease include intravenous immunoglobulin as a single 2g/kg dose within the first 10 days and oral acetilsalycilic acid. The risk of coronary damage in treated patient is 3-5%. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1577356606750825 doi: 10.1016/s1577-3566(06)75082-5 ==== make-pages.sh questions [ERIC WAS HERE] ==== make-pages.sh search /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/make-pages.sh: line 77: /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm: No such file or directory Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/tsv2htm-search.py", line 51, in with open( TEMPLATE, 'r' ) as handle : htm = handle.read() FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm' ==== make-pages.sh topic modeling corpus Zipping study carrel