# ent

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  Practice Journal of Applied Psychology Journal of Small Business Management and Family Business Review


id: cord-024640-04goxwsx
type: ORG
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  the Business of Censoring China s Internet KS School of Advanced Military Studies United States Army Command


id: cord-011906-ek7joi0m
type: GGP
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  Cronbach s alpha 0 72 0 69 and 0 76 for pre test post test and six week follow up 92 The scale has demonstrated good validity in prior studies 92 101 and adequate internal consistency


id: cord-011906-ek7joi0m
type: GGP
entity:
  NoMO r 252 0 51 p 0 01 However smartphone distraction correlated negatively with two variables mindful attention r 252 0 52 p 0 01 and self awareness r 252 0 34 p 0 01 To test H1 and assess the effect of the intervention on smartphone distraction two separate ANCOVAs were conducted First to isolate any effect of the intervention a per protocol analysis was conducted As depicted in Table 4 online vigilance r 252 0 51 p 0 01 automaticity r 252 0 57 p 0 01 impulsivity r 252 0 45 p 0 01 deficient self regulation r 252 0 33 p 0 01 smartphone use day r 252 0 31 p 0 01 p 0 01 FoMO r 252 0 28 p 0 01 and NoMO r 252 0 51 p 0 01 However smartphone distraction correlated negatively with two variables mindful attention r 252 0 52 p 0 01 and self awareness r 252 0 34 p 0 01 To test H1 and assess the effect of the intervention on smartphone distraction two separate ANCOVAs were conducted First to isolate any effect of the intervention a per protocol analysis was conducted As depicted in Table 4 ANCOVA analyses for the secondary outcomes


id: cord-025856-gc7hdqis
type: GGP
entity:
  Stoycheff s 2016 study of the effect of social media users awareness of surveillance This experiment found that even in strong free speech jurisdictionspriming users awareness of the possibility of surveillance produced more conservative online behaviour and speech This impact should be concerning to developmental democrats Dahl 1971 for example emphasis on the processes of preference formation as a critical aspect of developmental citizenship something that continues life long but is vital in the transition into civic life in youth Preference formation is both an individualised practice in that it is a developmentally acquired skill that individuals


id: cord-024569-d9opzb6m
type: ORG
entity:
  Amplifying Panic and Facilitating Prevention Multifaceted Effects of Traditional and Social Media Use


id: cord-282194-0sjmf1yn
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  A Randomized Trial of a Family Support Intervention in Intensive Care Units Association of Surrogate Decision making Interventions for Critically Ill Adults With Patient Family and Resource Use Outcomes A Systematic Review


id: cord-282194-0sjmf1yn
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Retiring the Term Futility in Value Laden Decisions Regarding Potentially Inappropriate Medical Treatment Ethical


id: cord-282194-0sjmf1yn
type: ORG
entity:
  the Frontline of COVID 19 Recommendations for Hospital Clinicians Rehabilitation After Critical Illness


id: cord-258389-1u05w7r4
type: DISEASE
entity:
  human immunodeficiency virus human papilloma virus hepatitis virus human herpes virus hantavirus simian virus sendai virus


id: cord-353041-qmpatq8m
type: ORG
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  Distinctiveness and Influence of Subjective Norms Personal Descriptive and Injunctive Norms and Societal Descriptive and Injunctive Norms on Behavioral Intent A Case of Two Behaviors Critical


id: cord-353041-qmpatq8m
type: ORG
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  Focus Theory of Normative Conduct A Theoretical Refinement and Reevaluation of the Role of Norms in Human


id: cord-353041-qmpatq8m
type: WORK_OF_ART
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  The Causal Sequence of Risk Communication in the Parkfield Earthquake Prediction Experiment Technical


id: cord-353041-qmpatq8m
type: WORK_OF_ART
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  Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior and Media Dependency Theory Predictors of Public Pro environmental Behavioral Intentions


id: cord-254191-5cxv9l3c
type: ORG
entity:
  Social Media Political Polarization and Political Disinformation A Review of the Scientific Literature Italian Workers


id: cord-331867-mqqtzf8k
type: GGP
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  Soc Sci DOI 10 1007 s42001 020 00086 5 sha c8e36ce1558642f59018ce5cfcac239f3b2e8fa8 doc_id 331867 cord_uid mqqtzf8k Rumors and conspiracy theories thrive in environments of low confidence and low trust Consequently it is not surprising that ones related to the COVID 19 pandemic are proliferating given the lack of scientific consensus on the


id: cord-324654-nnojaupv
type: GGP
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  Saf Sci DOI 10 1016 j ssci 2020 104870 sha bb8fcfbe598f6820e9fe243a67314aff31727295 doc_id 324654 cord_uid nnojaupv


id: cord-346194-l8svzjp2
type: DNA
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  3390 ijerph17113780 sha 65eb764dadf60f0b28803c0c2aad7cd9bbb5d52e doc_id 346194 cord_uid l8svzjp2 COVID 19


id: cord-014597-66vd2mdu
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  secretory phospholipase A2 sPLA2 lysophospholipid acyltransferase LPEAT lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase LPCAT


id: cord-014597-66vd2mdu
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  Sk Hep 1 human cell line ZIP 14049 900 Brazil 3 Department of Clinical Toxicological and Food Science Analysis Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto Human cell lines


id: cord-014597-66vd2mdu
type: ORG
entity:
  the 25th European Society for Animal Cell Technology Meeting Cell Technologies for Innovative Therapies


id: cord-014597-66vd2mdu
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus Efficient gene transfer into human hepatocytes by baculovirus vectors


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: DNA
entity:
  electric DNA chip Britta Jürgen 1 Daniel Pioch 1 Le Thi Hoi 1 Jörg Albers 2 Rainer Hintsche 2 Stefan Evers 3 Karl Heinz Maurer 2 Michael Hecker 4 Thomas Schweder 1 1 Institut für Pharmazie Ernst Moritz Arndt Universität 17487 Greifswald Germany 2 eBiochipSystems 25524 Itzehoe Germany 3 VTB Enzymtechnologie Henkel KGaA 40191 Düsseldorf Germany 4 Institut für Mikrobiologie Ernst Moritz Arndt Universität 17487 Greifswald Germany E


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  anti peptide antibody Fida Hasan 1 Megumi Kitagawa 2 Yoichi Kumada 1 Naoya Hashimoto 1 Masami Shiiba 2 Shigeo Katoh 1 Masaaki Terashima 2 1 Graduate School of Science and Technology Kobe


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  bone morphogenetic proteins BMPs transforming growth factor beta TGF vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  recombinant Pichia pastoris N K Khatri F Hoffmann Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg Institute for


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: PROTEIN
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  artvinense Yasemin Kaçar 1 Sema Tan 2 Aysun Ergene 2 Perihan Güler 2 Semra Mirici 3 Ergin Hamzaoglu 2 Ahmet Duran 4 Sinem Yildirim 2 1


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: DNA
entity:
  plasmid DNA vectors A R Azzoni 1 A Tavares 2 G A Monteiro 1 D M F Prazeres 1 1 Centro de Engenharia Biológica e


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: DNA
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  proteinogenic amino acids hydroxytyrosine Ht hydroxyphenylglycine Hpg and dihydroxyphenylglycine Dpg


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  antibiotic producing bacteria Saccharopolyspora erythraea P Krabben P Oliveira F Baganz J Ward Department of Biochemical Engineering University College London London WC1E 7JE UK


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: PROTEIN
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  intramembrane cleaving protease rhomboid Marius Lemberg 1 Javier Menendez 2 Christopher Koth 2 Matthew Freeman 1 1 MRC


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: DNA
entity:
  E C 1 10 3 2 p benzenediol oxygen oxidoreductase catechol oxidases E C 1 10 3 1 o diphenol oxidoreductase


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: PROTEIN
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  C and P limited shikimic acid producing E coli Gaspard Lequeux 1 Louise Johansson 2 Jo Maertens 1 Peter Vanrolleghem 1 Gunnar Lidén 2 1 BIOMATH Ghent University Coupure Links 653 9000 Gent Belgium 2 Department of Chemical Engineering Lund University P O Box 124 22100 Lund Sweden E


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  NADPH dependent glutamate dehydrogenase K Rueksomtawin J Thykaer H Noorman J Nielsen Center for Microbial Biotechnology BioCentrum DTU


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  extracellular matrix proteins S M Madsen J Glenting A Vrang P Ravn H K Riemann H Israelsen M R Nørrelykke A M Hansen M Antonsson S Ahrné H C Beck Bioneer A S Hørsholm DK 2970 Denmark


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: PROTEIN
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  einem mehrphasenbioreaktionsreaktor CIT 77 167 171 Glucansucrases from family 70 of glycoside hydrolases


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: TAXON
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  sativa Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Thalassiosira pseudonana diatom Saccharomyces cerevisiae Caenorhabditis elegans archaea


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: GGP
entity:
  carbonyl reductase 18 6 fold p 0 001 and MAWDBP 31 4 fold p 0 01 were surprisingly upregulated upon diabetes induction and then those two protein


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: GGP
entity:
  ribavirin 1 d ribofuranosyl 1 2 4 triazole 3 carboxamide cladribine 2 chloroadenine 9 d 2 deoxyribofuranoside


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: GGP
entity:
  laccases E C 1 10 3 2 p benzenediol oxygen oxidoreductase catechol oxidases E C 1 10 3 1 o diphenol oxidoreductase


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: ORG
entity:
  Helsinki Finland 2 Rational Drug Design Program Department of Bacteriology and Immunology Haartman Institute


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: ORG
entity:
  Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory Department of Process and Environmental Engineering University of Oulu Oulu


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: ORG
entity:
  Grubecki M Wojcik Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering University of Technology and Agriculture 85


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: ORG
entity:
  Kaunas Lithuania 2 Institute of Thermodynamic Helmut Schmidt University University of the Federal Armed Forces


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: ORG
entity:
  Kırıkkale University Faculty of Science and Literature Department of Biology 71450 Yahsihan Kırıkkale


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: ORG
entity:
  Islamic Azad University of Jahrom Iran 2 Department of Mol Genet National Inst for Genet Eng Biotechnol Tehran


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: ORG
entity:
  ATP Takasumi Hattori Kuniki Kino Kohtaro Kirimura Department of Applied Chemistry School of Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: ORG
entity:
  BioTechnol Institute Department of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Biophysics University of Minnesota


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: ORG
entity:
  Serpil Takaç Deniz Mutlu Department of Chemical Engineering Institute of Biotechnology Ankara University


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: ORG
entity:
  Csaba Vágvölgyi Gyöngyi Lukács Miklós Takó Árpád Csernetics Tamás Papp Department of Microbiology Faculty of Sciences University of Szeged P O Box


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: ORG
entity:
  Kubešová Jitka Kočí Radka Vidláková Tereza Faculty of Chemistry Brno University of Technology Purkyňova


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: ORG
entity:
  ceftazidine ciprofloxacin amoxycillin clavulanic acid imipenem chloromphenicol ceftazidime clavulanic acid


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: PRODUCT
entity:
  P O Box 124 S 22100 Lund Sweden 2 Instituto de Investigaciones Fármaco Bioquímicas Universidad Mayor


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: ORG
entity:
  Biomedical Quality Systems Clinical Affairs Management of Drug Development Management of Reimbursement Affairs Bioinformatics


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: LAW
entity:
  N Vassilev I Nikolaeva M Vassileva Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Sciences University of Granada c Fuentenueva s


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Engenharia Biológica e Química CEBQ Instituto Superior Técnico 1049 001 Lisboa Portugal 2 Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  1 butyl 3 methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate bmim BF 4 and 1 butyl 3 methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate bmim


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Candida pulcherrima Kloeckera apiculata Saccharomyces cerevisiae W4 Middle S cerevisiae W54 and Final Fermentation S cerevisiae


id: cord-008777-i2reanan
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  ceftazidine ciprofloxacin amoxycillin clavulanic acid imipenem chloromphenicol ceftazidime clavulanic acid aztreonam cefepime cefotaxime cefoperazone amoxicillin


# bib

id: cord-011906-ek7joi0m
author: Throuvala, Melina A.
date: 2020-07-05
txt: ./txt/cord-011906-ek7joi0m.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-011906-ek7joi0m.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7369880/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134842
summary:
  Given: (i) young adults are keen users of smartphone apps, with increased vulnerability to self-regulation and technology use [74] , (ii) the high stakes for academic achievement, and (iii) the similarity in processes observed between gambling addiction and social media overuse [115] , the strategies of mindfulness, activity monitoring, and mood tracking utilized in gambling harm-reduction [86, 116, 117] are employed in the present study. The present study tested the efficacy of a ten-day online app-delivered randomized controlled trial (RCT) based on cognitive-behavioural principles to reduce distraction (primary outcome) and a number of secondary psychological outcomes: self-awareness, mindful attention, FoMO, anxiety, and depression among university students. The present study tested the efficacy of an online intervention employing an integrative set of strategies-consisting of mindfulness, self-monitoring and mood tracking-in assisting young adults to decrease levels of smartphone distraction and improve on a variety of secondary psychological outcomes, such as mindful attention, emotional awareness, stress and anxiety, and perceived self-efficacy, as well as to reduce stress, anxiety, deficient self-regulation, problematic social media use and smartphone-related psychological outcomes (i.e., online vigilance, FoMO and NoMO).

title:
  Mind over Matter: Testing the Efficacy of an Online Randomized Controlled Trial to Reduce Distraction from Smartphone Use

abstract:
  Evidence suggests a growing call for the prevention of excessive smartphone and social media use and the ensuing distraction that arises affecting academic achievement and productivity. A ten-day online randomized controlled trial with the use of smartphone apps, engaging participants in mindfulness exercises, self-monitoring and mood tracking, was implemented amongst UK university students (n = 143). Participants were asked to complete online pre- and post-intervention assessments. Results indicated high effect sizes in reduction of smartphone distraction and improvement scores on a number of self-reported secondary psychological outcomes. The intervention was not effective in reducing habitual behaviours, nomophobia, or time spent on social media. Mediation analyses demonstrated that: (i) emotional self-awareness but not mindful attention mediated the relationship between intervention effects and smartphone distraction, and (ii) online vigilance mediated the relationship between smartphone distraction and problematic social media use. The present study provides preliminary evidence of the efficacy of an intervention for decreased smartphone distraction and highlights psychological processes involved in this emergent phenomenon in the smartphone literature. Online interventions may serve as complementary strategies to reduce distraction levels and promote insight into online engagement. More research is required to elucidate the mechanisms of digital distraction and assess its implications in problematic use.


id: cord-014597-66vd2mdu
author: nan
date: 2018-03-15
txt: ./txt/cord-014597-66vd2mdu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-014597-66vd2mdu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5861492/
doi: 10.1186/s12919-018-0097-x
abstract: nan
summary:
  Irrespective of the cell culture-based system and production scale, PEIpro® and PEIpro®-HQ have led to efficient viral vector yields superior to 10 7 IG/mL and 10 9 VG/mL, respectively for lentiviruses and AAVs Background Continuous perfusion process is making a comeback as a competing upstream manufacturing technology for the production of Biopharmaceuticals compared to the standard fed batch processes. To evaluate the impact of feed-spiking compared with cultivation in basal medium only, the cell line was grown in bioreactors under controlled conditions to determine cellspecific metabolic rates, nutrient consumption, and byproduct accumulation over the process time. Through the interchangeability of signal peptides between products and even species, a large variety can be used to enhance protein expression in already existing production systems Materials and methods At first the influence of four different natural SPs (SP (7), (8), (9) and (10)) was compared on the secreted amount of an IgG4 model antibody (product A) in fed batches using a CHO DG44 host cell line.

title:
  Abstracts from the 25th European Society for Animal Cell Technology Meeting: Cell Technologies for Innovative Therapies: Lausanne, Switzerland. 14-17 May 2017


id: cord-020197-z4ianbw8
title: A Systematic Review on Fake News Themes Reported in Literature
author: Celliers, Marlie
date: 2020-03-10
txt: ./txt/cord-020197-z4ianbw8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-020197-z4ianbw8.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7134307/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-45002-1_19
summary:
  The purpose of this literature review is to identify why individuals tend to share false information and to possibly help in detecting fake news before it spreads. While conducting the literature review, 22 articles highlighted the social factors; 13 articles discussed the role that cognitive factors have in contributing to the sharing and spreading of fake news; 13 articles highlighted the role of political factors; nine articles discussed how financial gain could convince a social media users to spread false information and 13 articles debated malicious factors and the effect that malicious factors have on the sharing and spreading of false information. Social media platforms, like Facebook, came under fire in the 2016 US presidential election, when fake news stories from unchecked sources were spread among many users [10] . The goal of this literature review was only to identify the factors that drive the spreading of fake news on social media platforms and did not fully address the dilemma of combatting the sharing and spreading of false information.

abstract:
  In this systematic literature review, a study of the factors involved in the spreading of fake news, have been provided. In this review, the root causes of the spreading of fake news are identified to reduce the encouraging of such false information. To combat the spreading of fake news on social media, the reasons behind the spreading of fake news must first be identified. Therefore, this literature review takes an early initiative to identify the possible reasons behind the spreading of fake news. The purpose of this literature review is to identify why individuals tend to share false information and to possibly help in detecting fake news before it spreads.


id: cord-024385-peakgsyp
title: Social media and moral panics: Assessing the effects of technological change on societal reaction
author: Walsh, James P
date: 2020-03-28
txt: ./txt/cord-024385-peakgsyp.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-024385-peakgsyp.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7201200/
doi: 10.1177/1367877920912257
summary:
  Answering calls for deeper consideration of the relationship between moral panics and emergent media systems, this exploratory article assesses the effects of social media – web-based venues that enable and encourage the production and exchange of user-generated content. Whether generating fear about social change, sharpening social distance, or offering new opportunities for vilifying outsiders, distorting communications, manipulating public opinion, and mobilizing embittered individuals, digital platforms and communications constitute significant targets, facilitators, and instruments of panic production. Beyond expanding the profile of moral entrepreneurs, the networked and digital configuration of social media can also be marshalled to distort information flows, promote 8 International Journal of Cultural Studies 00 (0) incendiary content, and channel user experience and engagement. Here, the digital surveillance and marketing infrastructures that underpin social media''s profitability permit computational modelling of user data, promising greater awareness of audiences and encouraging claims-making practices involving extensive narrowcasting; behavioural and psychometric profiling; and the production of predictive knowledge.

abstract:
  Answering calls for deeper consideration of the relationship between moral panics and emergent media systems, this exploratory article assesses the effects of social media – web-based venues that enable and encourage the production and exchange of user-generated content. Contra claims of their empowering and deflationary consequences, it finds that, on balance, recent technological transformations unleash and intensify collective alarm. Whether generating fear about social change, sharpening social distance, or offering new opportunities for vilifying outsiders, distorting communications, manipulating public opinion, and mobilizing embittered individuals, digital platforms and communications constitute significant targets, facilitators, and instruments of panic production. The conceptual implications of these findings are considered.


id: cord-024569-d9opzb6m
author: Seo, Mihye
date: 2019-07-26
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7206556/
doi: 10.1177/1077699019857693
title:
  Amplifying Panic and Facilitating Prevention: Multifaceted Effects of Traditional and Social Media Use During the 2015 MERS Crisis in South Korea

abstract:
  In the context of the 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak in South Korea, this study examines the multifaceted effects of media use considering the current complex media environment. Analysis of a two-wave online panel survey found that traditional media use had a positive influence on MERS knowledge while social media use did not. However, knowledge did not facilitate preventive behaviors. In contrast, negative emotional responses due to media use stimulated desirable behaviors. Furthermore, social media use directly influenced behavioral responses but traditional media use did not show the same effects. Different functions of traditional and social media during an epidemic are discussed.


id: cord-024640-04goxwsx
title: The easy weaponization of social media: why profit has trumped security for U.S. companies
author: Oates, Sarah
date: 2020-05-11
txt: ./txt/cord-024640-04goxwsx.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-024640-04goxwsx.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7212244/
doi: 10.1057/s42984-020-00012-z
summary:
  Now that it is impossible for social media companies to ignore the rising evidence of the central role of social media in inculcating conflict, they have defaulted to two key arguments in their defense: freedom of speech and the idea that the problem is limited to a fundamental misuse of their platforms. When you add on the way that social media companies sell audiences to advertisers by identifying key markers via user activity (friends, posts, clicks, likes, shares, etc.), you have the ability to manipulate both domestic and foreign audiences as never before. Given the evidence of the weaponization of social media and the particular lack of foreign citizens to have any right of redress against U.S. companies, 2 it is clear that unregulated and mostly unresponsive dominant media platforms are choosing not to fundamentally change their business model. However, if citizens and policymakers alike can be made aware of the critical role of U.S. social media companies in supporting information operations by foreign states, then change is more likely.

abstract:
  American-based social media companies have become active players in digital war, both by accident of design and a subsequent failure to address the threat due to concerns over profits. Discussions about the negative role of social media in society generally address the myriad problems wrought by social media, including electoral manipulation, foreign disinformation, trolling, and deepfakes, as unfortunate side effects of a democratizing technology. This article argues that the design of social media fosters information warfare. With its current composition and lack of regulation, social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter are active agents of disinformation, their destructive force in society outweighing their contributions to democracy. While this is not by deliberate design, the twin forces of capitalism and a lack of regulation of the world’s largest social media platforms have led to a situation in which social media are a key component of information war around the globe. This means that scholarly discussions should shift away from questions of ethics or actions (or lack thereof) on the part of social media companies to a frank focus on the security risk posed to democracy by social media.


id: cord-025856-gc7hdqis
title: New Media and Youth Political Engagement
author: Chen, Peter John
date: 2020-06-02
txt: ./txt/cord-025856-gc7hdqis.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-025856-gc7hdqis.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7266648/
doi: 10.1007/s43151-020-00003-7
summary:
  First, that there is a well-established model of contemporary political mobilisation that employs both new media and large data analysis that can and have been effectively applied to young people in electoral and non-electoral contexts. As such, it is complementary to a study of youth participation in the political processes of evolved democracies, such as Australia, and the internet-based technologies that afford them access. Based on a survey of young people (16-29) in the USA, UK and Australia, and drawn from online panels, they argued that social media was positively related to increase political participation and produce a good regression analysis in support of this claim. Overall, social movement citizenship, or everyday making, presents challenges to an outcome-focused democratic analysis due to a tendency towards adhocracy, paradoxical disconnection and rapid demobilisation by political participants following their "hit-and-run" engagement. The networked young citizen: social media political participation and civic engagement The networked young citizen: social media political participation and civic engagement

abstract:
  This article critically examines the role new media can play in the political engagement of young people in Australia. Moving away from “deficit” descriptions, which assert low levels of political engagement among young people, it argues two major points. First, that there is a well-established model of contemporary political mobilisation that employs both new media and large data analysis that can and have been effectively applied to young people in electoral and non-electoral contexts. Second, that new media, and particularly social media, are not democratic by nature. Their general use and adoption by young and older people do not necessarily cultivate democratic values. This is primarily due to the type of participation afforded in the emerging “surveillance economy”. The article argues that a focus on scale as drivers of influence, the underlying foundation of their affordances based on algorithms, and the centralised editorial control of these platforms make them highly participative, but unequal sites for political socialisation and practice. Thus, recent examples of youth mobilisation, such as seen in recent climate justice movements, should be seen through the lens of cycles of contestation, rather than as technologically determined.


id: cord-026579-k3w8h961
author: Carr, Paul R.
date: 2020-06-10
txt: ./txt/cord-026579-k3w8h961.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-026579-k3w8h961.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7283988/
doi: 10.1007/s42438-020-00142-3
summary:
  I highlight three points related to democracy in this text, formulating the following central arguments: 1) Social media and, consequently, citizen engagement are becoming a significant filter that can potentially re-imagine the political, economic, and social worlds (outside of and beyond normative democracy), which increasingly bleed over to how we might develop and engage with ''democracy'' (Garrett 2019) ; to this end, the advent of ''fake news'' is a worthy subject to explore here because a functioning democracy, to a certain degree, is dependent on media/political literacy, critical engagement/participation, and the capacity to communicate, analyze, and disseminate nuanced perspectives, ideas, and information; I introduce a brief case study on the nefarious interpretation of the killing of Jamal Khashoggi in 2018 (BBC News 2019) to underscore the tension points in normative democracy; 2) Capitalism, or neoliberalism, needs to be more fully exposed, interrogated, and confronted if ''normative, representative, hegemonic, electoral democracy'' is to be re-considered, re-imagined, and re-invented (Lydon 2017) ; the perpetuation of social inequalities lays bare the frailty of normative democratic institutions; 3) Covid-19 has exposed the fault lines and fissures of normative democracy, illustrating here the ''common sense'' ways that power imbalances are sustained, which leaves little room for social solidarity (Human Rights Watch 2020); I present here a small case study of the economic and labor dynamic in Quebec during the coronavirus.

title:
  Shooting Yourself First in the Foot, then in the Head: Normative Democracy Is Suffocating, and then the Coronavirus Came to Light

abstract:
  This text starts with the premise that ‘normative democracy’ has rendered our societies vulnerable and burdened with unaddressed social inequalities. I highlight three central arguments: (1) Social media, and, consequently, citizen engagement are becoming a significant filter that can potentially re-imagine the political, economic, and social worlds, which increasingly bleed over to how we might develop and engage with ‘democracy’; to this end, I introduce a brief case study on the nefarious interpretation of the killing of Jamal Khashoggi in 2018 to underscore the tension points in normative democracy; (2) Capitalism, or neoliberalism, needs to be more fully exposed, interrogated, and confronted if ‘normative, representative, hegemonic, electoral democracy’ is to be re-considered, re-imagined, and re-invented; the perpetuation of social inequalities lays bare the frailty of normative democratic institutions; (3) Covid-19 has exposed the fault lines and fissures of normative democracy, illustrating here the ‘common sense’ ways that power imbalances are sustained, which leaves little room for social solidarity; I present herein the case of the economic/labor dynamic in Quebec during the coronavirus. Ultimately, I believe the quest to re-imagine a more meaningful, critically engaged democracy, especially during a context that is imbued with a political, economic, and public health crisis, cannot be delayed much longer.


id: cord-029051-ib189vow
title: Research on Crowd-Sensing Task Assignment Based on Fuzzy Inference PSO Algorithm
author: Li, Jianjun
date: 2020-06-22
txt: ./txt/cord-029051-ib189vow.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-029051-ib189vow.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7354795/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-53956-6_17
summary:
  The experimental results show that the FPSO algorithm not only has faster convergence rate than the other algorithms, and shorten the task completion time, reduce the platform''s perceived cost, improve the user''s load balance, and have a good application effect in the crowd sensing task assignment. Therefore, the main problem solved by the fuzzy inference PSO algorithm crowd sensing task assignment method is: how to perform task assignment for the multi-task of less user participants, which can ensure that the given number of tasks is completed in the shortest time, the perceived cost is the lowest, and user load balancing is optimal. For the problem of poor user load balance in mobile commerce, a fuzzy inference particle swarm crowd sensing task assignment method is proposed to improve the global search ability of the algorithm and avoid falling into local optimum.

abstract:
  To solve the problem of load unbalance in the case of few users and multi-task, a fuzzy inference PSO algorithm (FPSO) crowd sensing single objective task assignment method is proposed. With task completion time, user load balancing and perceived cost as the optimization goals, the fuzzy learning algorithm dynamically adjusts the learning factor in the PSO algorithm, so that the PSO algorithm can perform global search in the scope of the task space, thus obtaining the optimal task assignment solution set. Finally, the FPSO algorithm is compared with the PSO, GA and ABC algorithms on the optimization objectives, such as the algorithm convergence, task completion time, perceived cost and load balance. The experimental results show that the FPSO algorithm not only has faster convergence rate than the other algorithms, and shorten the task completion time, reduce the platform’s perceived cost, improve the user’s load balance, and have a good application effect in the crowd sensing task assignment.


id: cord-031941-bxrjftnl
title: Investigating digital language/media practices, awareness, and pedagogy: Introduction
author: Androutsopoulos, Jannis
date: 2020-09-16
txt: ./txt/cord-031941-bxrjftnl.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-031941-bxrjftnl.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7492810/
doi: 10.1016/j.linged.2020.100872
abstract: nan
summary:
  Based on original research, the six articles in this Special Issue examine the relationship between digital language practices and critical awareness of language and digital media, and explore how insights in everyday practices and understandings of digital communication may inform language pedagogy in a digital age. New patterns of interpersonal and professional communication are in particular adopted by adolescents and young adults, who lead all age cohorts in the frequency of online communication, as repeatedly attested by media research on an international scale, and whose non-institutional practices of digital writing, composing, remixing and interacting are found to blur boundaries between institutional and vernacular literacies (e.g., Herring & Androutsopoulos, 2015 ; Iorio, 2016 ; Jones, Chik & Hafner, 2015 ) . Thus, the articles in this Special Issue suggest we need to think beyond an apparent divide between language and digital media in terms of communicative practice and metapragmatic awareness.


id: cord-031964-khbzbjuu
title: Media capture strategies in new authoritarian states: the case of Turkey
author: Coşkun, Gülçin Balamir
date: 2020-09-16
txt: ./txt/cord-031964-khbzbjuu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-031964-khbzbjuu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7493699/
doi: 10.1007/s11616-020-00600-9
summary:
  This article aims to answer to the following question: How can we classify methods and strategies used by the AKP government to capture the media in Turkey? Although the Dogan group started to decrease its share in the media sector and reduced the level of anti-government criticism, it faced a tacit threat through a continuing criminal case "on charges of ''establishing an organization for the purpose of criminal activity'', forging official documents and violating Turkey''s anti-smuggling law" (IPI 2016, July 8). After the Ergenekon case, in 2011, 36 journalists working for pro-Kurdish media outlets, namely the Dicle news agency and the daily Özgür Gündem, were arrested and journalists were charged with membership of KCK (Koma Civaken Kurdistan-Kurdistan Democratic Communities Union) and the PKK, within the framework of police operations that continued for 6 months and targeted administrative staff from the Peace and Democracy Party (BDP), then some academics, and then a large group of lawyers (cf.

abstract:
  This article focuses on the forced transformation of the mass media as an institution in new authoritarian states. It aims to understand the methods used by theses states to control and manipulate the flux of news through the mass media. Turkey’s media system has been chosen as a case study because the recent political developments in the country offer worrisome und devastating examples. This article aims to answer to the following question: How can we classify methods and strategies used by the AKP government to capture the media in Turkey? Why and how do the methods used by the AKP government differ from those applied by previous governments? To answer to these questions, the article draws on media capture as a framework of analysis. It argues that the AKP captured the media by using new strategies which can be divided into three overlapping and interconnected categories: capture by creating its own private media, capture through financial sanctions, and capture by intimidating and criminalizing journalists.


id: cord-034975-gud4dow5
title: Problematising reality: the promises and perils of synthetic media
author: Kalpokas, Ignas
date: 2020-11-09
txt: ./txt/cord-034975-gud4dow5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-034975-gud4dow5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7649059/
doi: 10.1007/s43545-020-00010-8
summary:
  The analysis then focuses on synthetic media, first engaging with the capacity to create synthetic likenesses (deepfakes), then moving onto synthetic personalities (virtual influencers) and synthetic worlds (Extended Reality). Currently, the primary use of deepfakes is for synthetic pornography, as in transposing the faces of celebrities or former partners onto the bodies of performers in pornographic videos; however, there are clear threats coming from improvements in the technology itself, such as reducing the quantity of necessary input and increasing the quality of output, and from its pairing with other techniques, including big data-based precision targeting to identify those most susceptible to believing the synthetic content (Paul and Posard 2020) . Recent developments in today''s media also involve the creation of synthetic personalities, primarily as virtual influencers (VIs). An additional benefit of VIs is their independence from real-world context: for example, while coronavirus lockdowns issued by governments have significantly constrained opportunities (travel, public appearances etc.) for human influencers, virtual ones can continue regardless (Deighton 2020).

abstract:
  This commentary article focuses on the emergence of synthetic media—computer-generated content that is created by employing Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies. It discusses three of the most notable current forms of this emerging form of content: deepfakes, virtual influencers, and augmented and virtual reality (collectively known as extended reality). Their key features are introduced, and the main challenges and opportunities associated with the technologies are analysed. In all cases, a crucial change is underway: reality (or, at least, the perception thereof) is seen as increasingly less stable, and potential for manipulation is on the rise. In fact, it transpires that personalisation of (perceived) reality is the likely outcome, with increasing societal fragmentation as a result. Mediatisation is used as a broad-ranging metatheory that explains the permeation by media of everyday affairs to explain the degree of impact that synthetic media have on the society. In this context, it is suggested that we search for new and alternative criteria for reality that would be capable of accounting for the changing nature of agency and impact in today’s world.


id: cord-126250-r65q535f
title: CO.ME.T.A. -- covid-19 media textual analysis. A dashboard for media monitoring
author: Zavarrone, Emma
date: 2020-04-16
txt: ./txt/cord-126250-r65q535f.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-126250-r65q535f.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.07742v1.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  The dashboard merges together four methods: text mining, sentiment analysis, textual network analysis and latent topic models. The dashboard mixes four methods: text mining, sentiment analysis, textual network analysis and latent topic models. Figure 2 shows the dashboard''s flowchart: (1) Content extraction and corpus pre-processing; (2) Sentiment analysis and descriptive study of texts: most frequent words and co-occurrence network analysis; (3) Application of a model to extract and identify the latent topics within the contents collected; (4) Plot network to represent each topic and semantic relationships between the extracted topics and terms. In the topic network it is possible to identify how the term "outbreak" links different topics related to semantic dimensions of economic, health and mediatic spheres. An implementation on the dashboard of a sentiment analysis on Twitter text from the community could give a description of the public feedback to news, giving indications to media to provide a better communication in crisis situations.

abstract:
  The focus of this paper is to trace how mass media, particularly newspapers, have addressed the issues about the containment of contagion or the explanation of epidemiological evolution. We propose an interactive dashboard: CO.ME.T.A.. During crises it is important to shape the best communication strategies in order to respond to critical situations. In this regard, it is important to monitor the information that mass media and social platforms convey. The dashboard allows to explore the mining of contents extracted and study the lexical structure that links the main discussion topics. The dashboard merges together four methods: text mining, sentiment analysis, textual network analysis and latent topic models. Results obtained on a subset of documents show not only a health-related semantic dimension, but it also extends to social-economic dimensions.


id: cord-145300-isnqbetr
title: Can We Spot the"Fake News"Before It Was Even Written?
author: Nakov, Preslav
date: 2020-08-10
txt: ./txt/cord-145300-isnqbetr.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-145300-isnqbetr.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.04374v1.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  Given the recent proliferation of disinformation online, there has been also growing research interest in automatically debunking rumors, false claims, and"fake news."A number of fact-checking initiatives have been launched so far, both manual and automatic, but the whole enterprise remains in a state of crisis: by the time a claim is finally fact-checked, it could have reached millions of users, and the harm caused could hardly be undone. whether people in social media, e.g., on Twitter, post links in articles to the target sources in the context of a polarizing topic, and which side of the debate are these users from; 5. Characterizing media in terms of factuality of reporting and bias is part of a larger effort at the Qatar Computing Research Institute, HBKU: the Tanbih mega-project 7 aims to limit the effect of "fake news", disinformation, propaganda and media bias by making users aware what they are reading, thus promoting media literacy and critical thinking.

abstract:
  Given the recent proliferation of disinformation online, there has been also growing research interest in automatically debunking rumors, false claims, and"fake news."A number of fact-checking initiatives have been launched so far, both manual and automatic, but the whole enterprise remains in a state of crisis: by the time a claim is finally fact-checked, it could have reached millions of users, and the harm caused could hardly be undone. An arguably more promising direction is to focus on fact-checking entire news outlets, which can be done in advance. Then, we could fact-check the news before it was even written: by checking how trustworthy the outlets that published it is. We describe how we do this in the Tanbih news aggregator, which makes readers aware of what they are reading. In particular, we develop media profiles that show the general factuality of reporting, the degree of propagandistic content, hyper-partisanship, leading political ideology, general frame of reporting, and stance with respect to various claims and topics.


id: cord-162326-z7ta3pp9
title: AMUSED: An Annotation Framework of Multi-modal Social Media Data
author: Shahi, Gautam Kishore
date: 2020-10-01
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.00502v1.pdf
doi: nan
abstract:
  In this paper, we present a semi-automated framework called AMUSED for gathering multi-modal annotated data from the multiple social media platforms. The framework is designed to mitigate the issues of collecting and annotating social media data by cohesively combining machine and human in the data collection process. From a given list of the articles from professional news media or blog, AMUSED detects links to the social media posts from news articles and then downloads contents of the same post from the respective social media platform to gather details about that specific post. The framework is capable of fetching the annotated data from multiple platforms like Twitter, YouTube, Reddit. The framework aims to reduce the workload and problems behind the data annotation from the social media platforms. AMUSED can be applied in multiple application domains, as a use case, we have implemented the framework for collecting COVID-19 misinformation data from different social media platforms.


id: cord-197474-2wzf7nzz
title: We Can Detect Your Bias: Predicting the Political Ideology of News Articles
author: Baly, Ramy
date: 2020-10-11
txt: ./txt/cord-197474-2wzf7nzz.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-197474-2wzf7nzz.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.05338v1.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  We further use a challenging experimental setup where the test examples come from media that were not seen during training, which prevents the model from learning to detect the source of the target news article instead of predicting its political ideology. Furthermore, in order to ensure that we are actually modeling the political ideology as it is expressed in the language of the news, we created evaluation splits in two different ways: (i) randomly, which is what is typically done (for comparison only), and (ii) based on media, where all articles by the same medium appear in either the training, the validation, or the testing dataset. The task of predicting the political ideology of news articles is typically formulated as a classification problem, where the textual content of the articles is encoded into a vector representation that is used to train a classifier to predict one of C classes (in our case, C = 3: left, center, and right).

abstract:
  We explore the task of predicting the leading political ideology or bias of news articles. First, we collect and release a large dataset of 34,737 articles that were manually annotated for political ideology -left, center, or right-, which is well-balanced across both topics and media. We further use a challenging experimental setup where the test examples come from media that were not seen during training, which prevents the model from learning to detect the source of the target news article instead of predicting its political ideology. From a modeling perspective, we propose an adversarial media adaptation, as well as a specially adapted triplet loss. We further add background information about the source, and we show that it is quite helpful for improving article-level prediction. Our experimental results show very sizable improvements over using state-of-the-art pre-trained Transformers in this challenging setup.


id: cord-254191-5cxv9l3c
author: Islam, A.K.M. Najmul
date: 2020-07-12
txt: ./txt/cord-254191-5cxv9l3c.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-254191-5cxv9l3c.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120201
doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120201
summary:
  Building off the affordance lens and cognitive load theory, we investigate how motivational factors and personal attributes influence social media fatigue and the sharing of unverified information during the COVID-19 pandemic. The lack of critique on thoughts and the amplification of radical ideas by the virtual echo-chambers created by social media have been claimed to contribute to increased dissemination of misinformation (Barberá et al., T During COVID-19, clear communication of the severity of the situation and recommended health measures was needed to ensure people took correct action and did not suffer from unnecessary anxiety (Farooq et al., 2020) . From Table 2 , DS-R is the most critical predictor followed by exploration, self-promotion, religiosity, SMF, and entertainment in predicting unverified information sharing. We found that SMF, self-promotion, entertainment, exploration, DS-R, and religiosity all predicted unverified COVID-19 information sharing on social media.

title:
  Misinformation sharing and social media fatigue during COVID-19: An affordance and cognitive load perspective

abstract:
  Social media plays a significant role during pandemics such as COVID-19, as it enables people to share news as well as personal experiences and viewpoints with one another in real-time, globally. Building off the affordance lens and cognitive load theory, we investigate how motivational factors and personal attributes influence social media fatigue and the sharing of unverified information during the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, we develop a model which we analyse using the structural equation modelling and neural network techniques with data collected from young adults in Bangladesh (N = 433). The results show that people, who are driven by self-promotion and entertainment, and those suffering from deficient self-regulation, are more likely to share unverified information. Exploration and religiosity correlated negatively with the sharing of unverified information. However, exploration also increased social media fatigue. Our findings indicate that the different use purposes of social media introduce problematic consequences, in particular, increased misinformation sharing.


id: cord-258389-1u05w7r4
title: Animal tissue culture principles and applications
author: Verma, Anju
date: 2020-06-26
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128117101000124
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811710-1.00012-4
abstract:
  Animal cell culture technology in today’s scenario has become indispensable in the field of life sciences, which provides a basis to study regulation, proliferation, and differentiation and to perform genetic manipulation. It requires specific technical skills to carry out successfully. This chapter describes the essential techniques of animal cell culture as well as its applications.


id: cord-275152-8if8shva
author: Olum, R.
date: 2020-05-05
txt: ./txt/cord-275152-8if8shva.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-275152-8if8shva.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.30.20086553v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.04.30.20086553
summary:
  title: Social Media Platforms for Health Communication and Research in the Face of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross Sectional Survey in Uganda. In this study, we explored the usage and perceived usefulness of social media and other forms of media among medical students (MS) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) in Uganda. Majority of the medical students recognised television, radios and social media as the most useful tools for dissemination of information of COVID-19, Figure 2 . The purpose of the study was to assess the usage and perceived usefulness of social media and other forms of media among medical students and healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda. This is the first study in sub-Saharan Africa assessing social media usage and perceived usefulness of various media for health campaigns during COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, we have been able to show that social media can be robustly used to collect research data among medical students and health care professionals with high response rates.

title:
  Social Media Platforms for Health Communication and Research in the Face of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross Sectional Survey in Uganda.

abstract:
  Objectives: (1) To examine the usage of social media and other forms of media among medical students (MS) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) in Uganda. (2) To assess the perceived usefulness of social media and other forms of media for COVID-19 public health campaigns. Design: A descriptive WhatsApp messenger-based cross-sectional survey in April 2020. Setting: Makerere University Teaching Hospitals (MUTH) and 9 of the 10 medical schools in Uganda. Participants: HCPs at MUTH and MS in the 9 medical schools in Uganda. Main outcome measures: We collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, sources of information on COVID-19, preferences of social media platform and perceived usefulness of the different media platforms for acquisition of knowledge on COVID-19. Results: Overall, response rate was 21.5% for both MS and HCPs. In total, 877 (HCPS [136, 15.5%], MS [741, 85.5%]) were studied. Majority (n=555, 63.3%) were male with a median age of 24 (range: 18-66) years. Social media was a source of information for 665 (75.8%) participants. Usage was similar among MS and HCPs (565/741 (76.2%) vs. 100/136 (73.5%), p=0.5). Among the MS, commonly used social media were: WhatsApp (n=705, 95.1%) Facebook (n=405, 54.8%), Twitter (n=290, 39.1%), Instagram (n=178, 24.0) and Telegram (n=80, 10.8%). Except for WhatsApp, male MS we more likely to use the other social media platforms (p= <0.001 to 0.01). Mass media (television and radio) and social media were preferred the most useful tools for dissemination of COVID-19 related information. Conclusion: More than two-thirds of MS and HCPs are routinely using social media in Uganda. Social media platforms may be used for dissemination of information as well as a research tool among MS and HCPs. Social media alongside other media platforms can also be used as sources of reliable information on COVID-19 as well as for dissemination of research findings and guidelines.


id: cord-277824-q7blp3we
title: Role of electronic media in mitigating the psychological impacts of novel coronavirus (COVID-19)
author: Bilal
date: 2020-04-29
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0165178120309380
doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113041
abstract:
  The current research initiative focuses on the role of Pakistani media in eliminating panic and depression among health practitioners and the general public due to the outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19). In Pakistan, electronic media is the most common source of information due to the higher rural population and the lower literacy rate and media's handling of COVID-19 coverage so far creates panic and depression. We suggest that special televised transmissions featuring psychologists and physiatrists should be aired to reduce the panic. Media also mitigates the stress of frontline medical staff by paying special attributes to them.


id: cord-279207-azh21npc
author: Sharma, Manoj Kumar
date: 2020-05-07
txt: ./txt/cord-279207-azh21npc.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-279207-azh21npc.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102132
doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102132
abstract: nan
summary:
  In addition, it needs to be more sensitive and responsible in reporting about public health problems like the SARS-CoV-2, and suicide where the focus is on offering information which is helpful for prevention, details the steps to take in times of the health emergency, offers expert opinions from mental health professionals, helpline numbers for support and emergency services in hospitals. The development of such guidelines are crucial as the pattern of epidemics and pandemics changes over time, but the cycle of rumors or fake news or inaccurate media reports continues to revolve around media formats and especially in social media likely due to stress, anxiety and other psychological factors of individuals which requires to be studied in greater detail. Assessing the quality of media reporting of suicide news in India against World Health Organization guidelines: a content analysis study of nine major newspapers in Tamil Nadu

title:
  Mental Health Issues Mediate Social Media Use in Rumors: Implication for Media Based Mental Health Literacy


id: cord-282194-0sjmf1yn
author: Cherak, Stephana J.
date: 2020-09-11
txt: ./txt/cord-282194-0sjmf1yn.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-282194-0sjmf1yn.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32915848/
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238803
summary:
  title: Impact of social media interventions and tools among informal caregivers of critically ill patients after patient admission to the intensive care unit: A scoping review The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize existing research on the impact of social media interventions and tools among informal caregivers of critically ill patients after patient admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). For the purposes of this review, we defined: (1) a caregiver as any informal (i.e., non-clinical) person who regularly provides support to the patient and is in some way directly implicated in the patient''s care or directly affected by the patient''s health problem (e.g., family, friend); (2) social media as any form of electronic communication that allow users to share information and other content and create online communities; and (3) critically ill patients as any persons who are currently admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) or had previously been admitted to an ICU.

title:
  Impact of social media interventions and tools among informal caregivers of critically ill patients after patient admission to the intensive care unit: A scoping review

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The use of social media in healthcare continues to evolve. The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize existing research on the impact of social media interventions and tools among informal caregivers of critically ill patients after patient admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: This review followed established scoping review methods, including an extensive a priori-defined search strategy implemented in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Controlled Trials databases to July 10, 2020. Primary research studies reporting on the use of social media by informal caregivers for critically ill patients were included. RESULTS: We identified 400 unique citations and thirty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Nine were interventional trials–four randomized controlled trials (RCTs)–and a majority (n = 14) were conducted (i.e., data collected) between 2013 to 2015. Communication platforms (e.g., Text Messaging, Web Camera) were the most commonly used social media tool (n = 17), followed by social networking sites (e.g., Facebook, Instagram) (n = 6), and content communities (e.g., YouTube, SlideShare) (n = 5). Nine studies’ primary objective was caregiver satisfaction, followed by self-care (n = 6), and health literacy (n = 5). Nearly every study reported an outcome on usage feasibility (e.g., user attitudes, preferences, demographics) (n = 30), and twenty-three studies reported an outcome related to patient and caregiver satisfaction. Among the studies that assessed statistical significance (n = 18), 12 reported statistically significant positive effects of social media use. Overall, 16 of the 31 studies reported positive conclusions (e.g., increased knowledge, satisfaction, involvement) regarding the use of social media among informal caregivers for critically ill patients. CONCLUSIONS: Social media has potential benefits for caregivers of the critically ill. More robust and clinically relevant studies are required to identify effective social media strategies used among caregivers for the critically ill.


id: cord-282966-ew8lwmsn
title: Communicating During a Public Health Crisis
author: Haddow, George D.
date: 2014-07-22
txt: ./txt/cord-282966-ew8lwmsn.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-282966-ew8lwmsn.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780124078680000112
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407868-0.00011-2
summary:
  This chapter incorporates the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention''s (CDC) best advice for communicating during a public health crisis, including infectious disease outbreaks, bioterrorism, chemical emergencies, natural disasters, nuclear accidents and radiation releases and explosions. From the CDC down to local departments of health, public health, and safety officials are using social media to push out vital and useful information to the public and to monitor and respond to public comments. Engaging with and using emerging social media may well place the emergency-management community, including medical and public health professionals, in a better position to respond to disasters" (Merchant et al., 2011) . DHS is testing whether scanning social media sites to collect and analyze health-related data could help identify infectious disease outbreaks, bioterrorism or other public health and national security risks. The purpose of an official response to a public health crisis is to efficiently and effectively reduce and prevent illness, injury, and death, and return individuals and communities to normal as quickly as possible.

abstract:
  “Communicating during a Public Health Crisis,” examines how communicating to the public and media during a public health or safety emergency is different. In a serious crisis, all affected people take in information differently, process information differently and act on information differently. This chapter incorporates the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) best advice for communicating during a public health crisis, including infectious disease outbreaks, bioterrorism, chemical emergencies, natural disasters, nuclear accidents and radiation releases and explosions. This chapter also explores the growing role of social media that is now being used for a variety of traditional and new purposes from distress calls to disease surveillance.


id: cord-288024-1mw0k5yu
title: Entrepreneurial entry: The role of social media
author: Wang, Wei
date: 2020-09-29
txt: ./txt/cord-288024-1mw0k5yu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-288024-1mw0k5yu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004016252031163X
doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120337
summary:
  Thus, we propose that trust propensity, an individual''s tendency to believe in others (Choi, 2019; Gefen et al., 2003) , moderates the relationship between social media use and entrepreneurial entry. Our findings reveal that social media use https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120337 Received 8 August 2020; Accepted 21 September 2020 has a positive impact on entrepreneurial entry with individuals'' offline network serving as a partial mediator. Second, our study specified a mechanism for the impact of individuals'' social media use on entrepreneurial entry via their offline network and used instrumental variables to help infer the causality. Thus, with higher social media use, individuals will have an expanded offline social network, which provides them the resources needed for successful entrepreneurial entry. We believe trust propensity in social media moderates the impact of individuals'' social media use on entrepreneurial entry by influencing their ability to network with strangers and known associates.

abstract:
  Despite the exponential growth of social media use, whether and how social media use may affect entrepreneurial entry remains a key research gap. In this study we examine whether individuals’ social media use influences their entrepreneurial entry. Drawing on social network theory, we argue that social media use allows individuals to obtain valuable social capital, as indicated by their offline social network, which increases their entrepreneurial entry. We further posit the relationship between social media use and entrepreneurial entry depends on individuals’ trust propensity based on the nature of social media as weak ties. Our model was supported by a nationally representative survey of 18,873 adults in China over two years. As the first paper on the role of social media on entrepreneurial entry, we hope our research highlights and puts forward research intersecting social media and entrepreneurship.


id: cord-288159-rzqlmgb1
author: Marin, Lavinia
date: 2020-08-26
txt: ./txt/cord-288159-rzqlmgb1.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-288159-rzqlmgb1.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32868972/
doi: 10.1007/s10676-020-09550-2
summary:
  Online information about the COVID-19 pandemic posted on social media displayed two seemingly distinct problems: the rapid propagation of misinformation and disinformation (MDI) and the so-called infodemic. Social media platforms rapidly stepped up their pre-existing measures of dealing with MDI and targeted specifically the COVID-19 related misleading information, whereas the infodemic remained untouched (Howard 2020) . The paper is structured as follows: first, I briefly review the measures taken by social media platforms to deal with the COVID-19 related MDI, classifying them in view of the content or context focus. By contrast, a context-focused approach would presuppose that the user has the freedom to use the social media platform in a way that stimulates and recognises other kinds of engagement with information, regardless whether the information at hand is genuine or MDI. In light of these considerations, we need a value-sensitive design re-assessment of how users interact on social media among themselves as well as with the information found online in crisis situations.

title:
  Three contextual dimensions of information on social media: lessons learned from the COVID-19 infodemic

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied on social media by an explosion of information disorders such as inaccurate, misleading and irrelevant information. Countermeasures adopted thus far to curb these informational disorders have had limited success because these did not account for the diversity of informational contexts on social media, focusing instead almost exclusively on curating the factual content of user’s posts. However, content-focused measures do not address the primary causes of the infodemic itself, namely the user’s need to post content as a way of making sense of the situation and for gathering reactions of consensus from friends. This paper describes three types of informational context—weak epistemic, strong normative and strong emotional—which have not yet been taken into account by current measures to curb down the informational disorders. I show how these contexts are related to the infodemic and I propose measures for dealing with them for future global crisis situations.


id: cord-290777-eylp4k53
title: Toning down the 2019-nCoV media hype—and restoring hope
author: Ippolito, Giuseppe
date: 2020-03-31
txt: ./txt/cord-290777-eylp4k53.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-290777-eylp4k53.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30070-9
doi: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30070-9
abstract: nan
summary:
  Reporting of the situation in real-time from the public on social media could lead to more accurate collating of information by the media. Moreover, the volume of information being reported to and by global public health authorities exceeds the capacity to collate and analyse it, or to cross-reference and verify with other data received. The global media response to 2019-nCoV remains unbalanced, largely due to the continuously evolving developments and, as a result, public perception of risk remains exaggerated. Therefore, it is time to reduce the hype and hysteria surrounding the 2019-nCoV epidemic and reduce sens ation alisation of new information, especially on social media, where many outlets aim to grab attention from followers. The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health-The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China


id: cord-291596-lp5di10v
title: “Is compulsive social media use amid COVID-19 pandemic addictive behavior or coping mechanism?
author: Singh, Shweta
date: 2020-07-07
txt: ./txt/cord-291596-lp5di10v.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-291596-lp5di10v.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876201820304020?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102290
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: "Is compulsive social media use amid COVID-19 pandemic addictive behavior or coping mechanism? "Is compulsive social media use amid COVID-19 pandemic addictive behavior or coping mechanism? (a) "Does the current pattern of social media usage suggest a trend towards addictive behavior or has it become a coping mechanism to deal with current global crisis?" and (b) "What are the current and future implications of this trend on addictive behavior and mental health of people?". During current pandemic, like many other uncertainties, it is unclear whether this compulsive use of social media is just a ''phase'' and a coping mechanism or an indication of addictive behavior having mental health implications. Moreover, any research conducted on addictive behaviors in the current time should consider longitudinally the pre-present-post lockdown social media usage pattern and its mental health implications among individuals across all age groups.


id: cord-292774-k1zr9yrg
title: Post-publication promotion in rheumatology: a survey focusing on social media
author: Haldule, Saloni
date: 2020-09-13
txt: ./txt/cord-292774-k1zr9yrg.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-292774-k1zr9yrg.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32920728/
doi: 10.1007/s00296-020-04700-7
summary:
  Thus, we aimed at studying the acceptance, opinion, and willingness to participate in the creation of online social media educative material among authors of published self-articles in scholarly journals. The e-survey was designed on an online cloud-based website (Survey Monkey ® .com) with the intent to cover different aspects of social media editing, such as willingness for social media promotions of (2), means of promotion (4), ethics (3), logistics (3), preference for article metrics, publication models and pre-print archiving (2), current knowledge/use of social media for these purposes (4). Over two-thirds (74) said they would like their publication promoted on social media, ResearchGate (70) being the most preferred platform, followed by Twitter (40), Facebook (37), WhatsApp (35), Academia.edu (27) , and LinkedIn (26) . To conclude, authors in rheumatology journal support the use of social media for promotions of published scholarly literature, although this does not translate into practice.

abstract:
  The use of social media platforms (SMPs) in the field of scientific literature is a new and evolving realm. The past few years have seen many novel strategies to promote engagement of readers with articles. The aim of this study was to gauge the acceptance, opinion, and willingness to partake in the creation of online social media educative material among authors. We conducted a validated and anonymized cross-sectional e-survey with purposive sampling among authors of the Indian Journal of Rheumatology journal over a cloud-based platform (SurveyMonkey). Descriptive statistics are used and values expressed as the number of respondents (n) against each answer. Of 408 authors, 102 responded. We found that a large majority (74) supported promotions on SMPs. Visual abstracts (81) were the most preferred means for promotion. A reasonable proportion (54) of the authors held the view that they could make these materials for themselves, with little guidance. However, currently only a few (47) were doing so. Awareness on social media editors in rheumatology was dismal (4). Citations were the preferred metric of article visibility (95), followed by altmetrics (21). These findings suggest that authors support article promotions on SMPs, although most do not promote their articles. Graphical abstracts are the preferred means of promotions. Further, the opinion on logistics is divided, calling for larger studies to understand the factors that need to be addressed to bridge the gap.


id: cord-296966-ivp74j43
title: Information and Disinformation: Social Media in the COVID‐19 Crisis
author: Gottlieb, Michael
date: 2020-05-31
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32474977/
doi: 10.1111/acem.14036
abstract:
  The novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) is a global pandemic with over 4.7 million cases and 316,000 deaths worldwide.(1) Social media, defined as “electronic communication through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content,”(2) has played an important role during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In fact, social media usage amongst the public has previously been demonstrated to significantly increase in cases of natural disasters and crises.(3) However, it is important to consider the benefits and limitations of this medium.


id: cord-301525-gcls69om
title: Online Display Advertising for CPG Brands: (When) Does It Work?
author: van Ewijk, Bernadette J.
date: 2020-08-18
txt: ./txt/cord-301525-gcls69om.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-301525-gcls69om.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0167811620300628
doi: 10.1016/j.ijresmar.2020.08.004
summary:
  Prior meta-analytic evidence on advertising elasticities pertains to offline media only (Shapiro et al., 2020; Frison et al., 2014; Sethuraman et al., 2011) , while extant studies on display ads mostly focus on a select set of non-grocery products like apparel (Dinner et al., 2014) , books (Breuer et al., 2011) , cars (Naik & Peters, 2009) , or health-care, beauty and non-prescription drugs (Manchanda et al., 2006) . We study how spending in online media (i.c., display ads) and offline media (i.c., print and TV) drives offline sales in the short and the long run, across a large set of (over 150) brands from a broad (68) range of CPG categories, using data from the Dutch market. We then document how both the stand-alone and combined sales effect of online and offline ads depend on the product category, and on the volatility of advertising spending in each medium.

abstract:
  Abstract This study examines how online display ads, alone or in combination with more conventional media (television and print), can help drive sales in the consumer packaged goods (CPG) sector. It also assesses how the combined sales effect of online and offline ads depends on the volatility of their expenditures over time. We explore these relations for 154 brands across 68 Dutch CPG product categories. We find that, even though display ads are not effective for the “average” CPG brand, they do have a significant impact for a sizable, and considerably larger than expected by chance, subset of brands. Importantly, this impact depends on the type of product. While display ads are found to be ineffective for low-involvement utilitarian products, they can significantly enhance sales for other CPG product types. Moreover, the effect depends on whether they are used in combination with other media: while display ads are best used as a stand-alone medium for high-involvement utilitarian products, it is better to combine them with traditional media for hedonic products. Finally, the long-term effectiveness of display messages increases significantly when they are spread more evenly in time.


id: cord-307292-de4lbc24
author: Rosenberg, Hananel
date: 2020-08-17
txt: ./txt/cord-307292-de4lbc24.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-307292-de4lbc24.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836606/
doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105365
summary:
  The goal of this study is to examine whether and how youth care workers utilize social media communications for reaching out to detached adolescents and providing them emotional support. A thematic analysis of the interviews revealed three principal psychosocial usages of social media: (1) Reaching out and maintaining reciprocal and meaningful therapeutic relationships with youth at risk over time; (2) Identifying risks and emotional distress; and (3) "stepping in" and providing psychosocial assistance, when needed. Although the main conclusion from this study supports the notion that the advantages of social media therapeutic relationships with youth at risk outweigh their problematic aspects, future research is recommended to establish clear guidelines for youth caregivers who wish to integrate the new media in their daily psychosocial work. Using in-depth interviews with youth counselors and social workers, this study examined the characteristics of online therapeutic relationships between adolescents at risk and their caregivers.

title:
  OMG, R U OK? [Image: see text]: Using Social Media to Form Therapeutic Relationships with Youth at Risk

abstract:
  The rising of social media has opened new opportunities for forming therapeutic relationships with youth at risk who have little faith in institutionalized interventions. The goal of this study is to examine whether and how youth care workers utilize social media communications for reaching out to detached adolescents and providing them emotional support. Qualitative in-depth interviews (N=17) were conducted with counselors, social workers, and clinical psychologists who work with youth at risk. A thematic analysis of the interviews revealed three principal psychosocial usages of social media: (1) Reaching out and maintaining reciprocal and meaningful therapeutic relationships with youth at risk over time; (2) Identifying risks and emotional distress; and (3) “stepping in” and providing psychosocial assistance, when needed. These beneficial practices are made possible through the high accessibility and the sense of secured mediation that characterize social media communication and that complement the psychosocial needs of youth at risk. Alongside these advantages, the analysis yielded several significant challenges in social media therapeutic relationships, including privacy dilemmas and blurring of authority and boundaries. Given that social media communication is a relatively new phenomenon, the applied psychosocial practices are shaped through a process of trial and error, intuitive decisions, and peer learning. Although the main conclusion from this study supports the notion that the advantages of social media therapeutic relationships with youth at risk outweigh their problematic aspects, future research is recommended to establish clear guidelines for youth caregivers who wish to integrate the new media in their daily psychosocial work.


id: cord-319960-pm95v31c
title: Public Perceptions of Veterinarians from Social and Online Media Listening
author: Widmar, Nicole
date: 2020-06-06
txt: ./txt/cord-319960-pm95v31c.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-319960-pm95v31c.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7020075
doi: 10.3390/vetsci7020075
summary:
  While undeniably influenced by the search terms selected, which were directed towards client–clinic related verbiage, a relative lack of knowledge regarding veterinarians'' roles in human health, food safety/security, and society generally outside of companion animal care was recognized. The Netbase platform [17] was employed to study the number of online posts, from Twitter and other publicly available sites including blogs, news releases, and online publications, related to keywords associated with veterinarians over the time period from 1st September 2017 to 30th November 2019. Primary search terms, or keywords, along with exclusionary terms, were developed by researchers to facilitate the collection of a dataset encompassing online and social media posts associated with veterinarians, veterinary medicine, and veterinary service locations (i.e., animal hospitals or clinics). There was a general lack of top terms revealed for the veterinarian searches conducted that pertained to roles outside of caring for household pets and companion animals.

abstract:
  The public perception of the veterinary medicine profession is of increasing concern given the mounting challenges facing the industry, ranging from student debt loads to mental health implications arising from compassion fatigue, euthanasia, and other challenging aspects of the profession. This analysis employs social media listening and analysis to discern top themes arising from social and online media posts referencing veterinarians. Social media sentiment analysis is also employed to aid in quantifying the search results, in terms of whether they are positivity/negativity associated. From September 2017-November 2019, over 1.4 million posts and 1.7 million mentions were analyzed; the top domain in the search results was Twitter (74%). The mean net sentiment associated with the search conducted over the time period studied was 52%. The top terms revealed in the searches conducted revolved mainly around care of or concern for pet animals. The recognition of challenges facing the veterinary medicine profession were notably absent, except for the mention of suicide risks. While undeniably influenced by the search terms selected, which were directed towards client–clinic related verbiage, a relative lack of knowledge regarding veterinarians’ roles in human health, food safety/security, and society generally outside of companion animal care was recognized. Future research aimed at determining the value of veterinarians’ contributions to society and, in particular, in the scope of One Health, may aid in forming future communication and education campaigns.


id: cord-324654-nnojaupv
title: How 3D Printing and Social Media Tackles the PPE Shortage during Covid – 19 Pandemic
author: Vordos, Nick
date: 2020-06-07
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32536750/
doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104870
abstract:
  During the recent Covid-19 pandemic, additive Technology and Social Media were used to tackle the shortage of Personal Protective Equipment. A literature review and a social media listening software were employed to explore the number of the users referring to specific keywords related to 3D printing and PPE. Additionally, the QALY model was recruited to highlight the importance of the PPE usage. More than 7 billion users used the keyword covid or similar in the web while mainly Twitter and Facebook were used as a world platform for PPE designs distribution through individuals and more than 100 different 3D printable PPE designs were developed.


id: cord-331766-sdbagsud
title: How surgeons should behave on social media
author: Kung, Janet WC.
date: 2020-08-30
txt: ./txt/cord-331766-sdbagsud.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-331766-sdbagsud.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpsur.2020.07.014
doi: 10.1016/j.mpsur.2020.07.014
summary:
  With their many facilities and applications, social media platforms offer opportunities for patient resources and education, professional networking, research collaboration and dissemination, public engagement and policy discussions, and personal and professional support. As social media has become ubiquitous, it is critically important for surgeons, whether active enthusiastic users or passive apprehensive observers, to be aware of the potential risks and pitfalls and to take caution and control over their online presence. While there are definite positive aspects of social media, there are users whose online behaviour has a negative impact on their colleagues, the surgical community, and the medical profession as a whole. 12 Surgeons must also be aware that just because a visual abstract or content has been widely shared or retweeted on social media PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT SURGERY xxx:xxx platforms, it does not necessarily mean that it is of high quality. 3 All content posted on social media, regardless of whether it originates from a surgeon''s personal or professional account, should be regarded as visible to the public.

abstract:
  This article documents the rise in popularity of social media use by surgeons for personal and professional use. It considers some of the important issues around privacy, patient confidentiality and professionalism and discusses some of the common pitfalls of using social media as a surgeon.


id: cord-331867-mqqtzf8k
author: Shahsavari, Shadi
date: 2020-10-28
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-020-00086-5
doi: 10.1007/s42001-020-00086-5
title:
  Conspiracy in the time of corona: automatic detection of emerging COVID-19 conspiracy theories in social media and the news

abstract:
  Rumors and conspiracy theories thrive in environments of low confidence and low trust. Consequently, it is not surprising that ones related to the COVID-19 pandemic are proliferating given the lack of scientific consensus on the virus’s spread and containment, or on the long-term social and economic ramifications of the pandemic. Among the stories currently circulating in US-focused social media forums are ones suggesting that the 5G telecommunication network activates the virus, that the pandemic is a hoax perpetrated by a global cabal, that the virus is a bio-weapon released deliberately by the Chinese, or that Bill Gates is using it as cover to launch a broad vaccination program to facilitate a global surveillance regime. While some may be quick to dismiss these stories as having little impact on real-world behavior, recent events including the destruction of cell phone towers, racially fueled attacks against Asian Americans, demonstrations espousing resistance to public health orders, and wide-scale defiance of scientifically sound public mandates such as those to wear masks and practice social distancing, countermand such conclusions. Inspired by narrative theory, we crawl social media sites and news reports and, through the application of automated machine-learning methods, discover the underlying narrative frameworks supporting the generation of rumors and conspiracy theories. We show how the various narrative frameworks fueling these stories rely on the alignment of otherwise disparate domains of knowledge, and consider how they attach to the broader reporting on the pandemic. These alignments and attachments, which can be monitored in near real time, may be useful for identifying areas in the news that are particularly vulnerable to reinterpretation by conspiracy theorists. Understanding the dynamics of storytelling on social media and the narrative frameworks that provide the generative basis for these stories may also be helpful for devising methods to disrupt their spread.


id: cord-332181-k90i33gp
title: Hendra in the news: Public policy meets public morality in times of zoonotic uncertainty
author: Degeling, Chris
date: 2012-12-29
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0277953612008477
doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.12.024
abstract:
  Public discourses have influence on policymaking for emerging health issues. Media representations of unfolding events, scientific uncertainty, and real and perceived risks shape public acceptance of health policy and therefore policy outcomes. To characterize and track views in popular circulation on the causes, consequences and appropriate policy responses to the emergence of Hendra virus as a zoonotic risk, this study examines coverage of this issue in Australian mass media for the period 2007–2011. Results demonstrate the predominant explanation for the emergence of Hendra became the encroachment of flying fox populations on human settlement. Depictions of scientific uncertainty as to whom and what was at risk from Hendra virus promoted the view that flying foxes were a direct risk to human health. Descriptions of the best strategy to address Hendra have become polarized between recognized health authorities advocating individualized behaviour changes to limit risk exposure; versus populist calls for flying fox control and eradication. Less than a quarter of news reports describe the ecological determinants of emerging infectious disease or upstream policy solutions. Because flying foxes rather than horses were increasingly represented as the proximal source of human infection, existing policies of flying fox protection became equated with government inaction; the plight of those affected by flying foxes representative of a moral failure. These findings illustrate the potential for health communications for emerging infectious disease risks to become entangled in other political agendas, with implications for the public's likelihood of supporting public policy and risk management strategies that require behavioural change or seek to address the ecological drivers of incidence.


id: cord-334574-1gd9sz4z
title: Tweeting from the Bench: Twitter and the Physician-Scientist Benefits and Challenges
author: Little, Jessica S.
date: 2020-11-11
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33179209/
doi: 10.1007/s11899-020-00601-5
abstract:
  PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Social media platforms such as Twitter are increasingly utilized to interact, collaborate, and exchange information within the academic medicine community. However, as Twitter begins to become formally incorporated into professional meetings, educational activities, and even the consideration of academic promotion, it is critical to better understand both the benefits and challenges posed by this platform. RECENT FINDINGS: Twitter use is rising amongst healthcare providers nationally and internationally, including in the field of hematology and oncology. Participation on Twitter at national conferences such as the annual meetings of American Society of Hematology (ASH) and American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) has steadily increased over recent years. Tweeting can be used advantageously to cultivate opportunities for networking or collaboration, promote one’s research and increase access to other’s research, and provide efficient means of learning and educating. However, given the novelty of this platform and little formal training on its use, concerns regarding patient privacy, professionalism, and equity must be considered. SUMMARY: These new technologies present unique opportunities for career development, networking, research advancement, and efficient learning. From “tweet ups” to Twitter journal clubs, physician-scientists are quickly learning how to capitalize on the opportunities that this medium offers. Yet caution must be exercised to ensure that the information exchanged is valid and true, that professionalism is maintained, that patient privacy is protected, and that this platform does not reinforce preexisting structural inequalities.


id: cord-342360-d7qc20i4
title: Creative Production of ‘COVID‐19 Social Distancing’ Narratives on Social Media
author: Mohamad, Siti Mazidah
date: 2020-06-03
txt: ./txt/cord-342360-d7qc20i4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-342360-d7qc20i4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836482/
doi: 10.1111/tesg.12430
summary:
  Young people are creatively and affectively supporting the social distancing initiatives in Brunei Darussalam through the use of social media platforms such as Instagram, Twitter, and Tik Tok. Using qualitative content analysis (QCA) data of social media content by Bruneian youth, this paper reveals the localised and contextualised creative production of five ''social distancing'' narratives as a response to the national and global concerns in times of a global pandemic: narrative of fear; narrative of responsibility; narrative of annoyance; narrative of fun; and narrative of resistance. As there is not much information known on audience''s social media consumption in risk communication and their individualised, as well as contextualised risk perception, a preliminary research on how the audience deliver and circulate COVID-19 related content on social media was conducted, leading to this preliminary finding on the active involvement of young people in highlighting the significance of social distancing in flattening the curve in the country.

abstract:
  This paper offers an insight into the role of young people in shifting risk perception of the current global pandemic, COVID‐19, via social distancing narratives on social media. Young people are creatively and affectively supporting the social distancing initiatives in Brunei Darussalam through the use of social media platforms such as Instagram, Twitter, and Tik Tok. Using qualitative content analysis (QCA) data of social media content by Bruneian youth, this paper reveals the localised and contextualised creative production of five ‘social distancing’ narratives as a response to the national and global concerns in times of a global pandemic: narrative of fear; narrative of responsibility; narrative of annoyance; narrative of fun; and narrative of resistance. This paper reflects on three key socio‐cultural reconfigurations that have broader implications beyond the COVID‐19 crisis: new youth spatialities and social engagements; youth leadership in development; and consideration of social participation and reach in risk communication.


id: cord-342984-3qbvlbwo
author: Allington, Daniel
date: 2020-06-09
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32513320/
doi: 10.1017/s003329172000224x
title:
  Health-protective behaviour, social media usage and conspiracy belief during the COVID-19 public health emergency

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Social media platforms have long been recognised as major disseminators of health misinformation. Many previous studies have found a negative association between health-protective behaviours and belief in the specific form of misinformation popularly known as ‘conspiracy theory’. Concerns have arisen regarding the spread of COVID-19 conspiracy theories on social media. METHODS: Three questionnaire surveys of social media use, conspiracy beliefs and health-protective behaviours with regard to COVID-19 among UK residents were carried out online, one using a self-selecting sample (N = 949) and two using stratified random samples from a recruited panel (N = 2250, N = 2254). RESULTS: All three studies found a negative relationship between COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and COVID-19 health-protective behaviours, and a positive relationship between COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and use of social media as a source of information about COVID-19. Studies 2 and 3 also found a negative relationship between COVID-19 health-protective behaviours and use of social media as a source of information, and Study 3 found a positive relationship between health-protective behaviours and use of broadcast media as a source of information. CONCLUSIONS: When used as an information source, unregulated social media may present a health risk that is partly but not wholly reducible to their role as disseminators of health-related conspiracy beliefs.


id: cord-346194-l8svzjp2
title: A Multidimensional Model of Public Health Approaches Against COVID-19
author: Nazir, Mehrab
date: 2020-05-26
txt: ./txt/cord-346194-l8svzjp2.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-346194-l8svzjp2.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113780
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113780
summary:
  This research validates how social media exposure indirectly effects preventive behavior concerning COVID-19 and explains the paths of effect through awareness or information exchange. In this study, the researchers determined the outcome of social media on the preventive behavior among people about COVID-19, how individuals gain information and awareness knowledge through social media to control COVID-19. Additionally, path analysis and maximum likelihood method were used to verify the mediated impact of health communication (awareness knowledge and information exchange) among social media and preventive behavior. H5 and H3 tested whether awareness knowledge and information exchange directly influenced preventive behavior during an infectious disease outbreak like COVID-19. Eke [37] supported this theory that public awareness affects an individual behavior during an infectious disease outbreak to control its spread. Therefore, due to lack of resources, most developing nations use social media networks for health communication tools to prevent and control the spread of infectious disease in a community [37] .

abstract:
  COVID-19 is appearing as one of the most fetal disease of the world’s history and has caused a global health emergency. Therefore, this study was designed with the aim to address the issue of public response against COVID-19. The literature lacks studies on social aspects of COVID-19. Therefore, the current study is an attempt to investigate its social aspects and suggest a theoretical structural equation model to examine the associations between social media exposure, awareness, and information exchange and preventive behavior and to determine the indirect as well as direct impact of social media exposure on preventive behavior from the viewpoints of awareness and information exchange. The current empirical investigation was held in Pakistan, and the collected survey data from 500 respondents through social media tools were utilized to examine the associations between studied variables as stated in the anticipated study model. The findings of the study indicate that social media exposure has no significant and direct effect on preventive behavior. Social media exposure influences preventive behavior indirectly through awareness and information exchange. In addition, awareness and information exchange have significant and direct effects on preventive behavior. Findings are valuable for health administrators, governments, policymakers, and social scientists, specifically for individuals whose situations are like those in Pakistan. This research validates how social media exposure indirectly effects preventive behavior concerning COVID-19 and explains the paths of effect through awareness or information exchange. To the best of our knowledge, there is no work at present that covers this gap, for this reason the authors propose a new model. The conceptual model offers valuable information for policymakers and practitioners to enhance preventive behavior through the adoption of appropriate awareness strategies and information exchange and social media strategies.


id: cord-351448-jowb5kfc
author: Ganesh, Ragul
date: 2020-08-29
txt: ./txt/cord-351448-jowb5kfc.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-351448-jowb5kfc.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1876201820304937
doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102380
summary:
  title: The quality of online media reporting of celebrity suicide in India and its association with subsequent online suicide-related search behaviour among general population: An infodemiology study The present study aimed to assess the quality of online media reporting of a recent celebrity suicide in India and its impact on the online suicide related search behaviour of the population. Thus, in the present study we monitored the changes in internet search volumes for keywords representing suicide-seeking and help-seeking behaviours using the Google Trends platform as a proxy marker to assess the impact of recent celebrity suicide in India. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the quality of online media reporting of a celebrity suicide in India, and evaluate its adherence with the WHO guidelines for responsible media reporting of suicide. Further, the use of a novel Google Trends analysis to show an increased online search interest for suicide-seeking keywords immediately after the reference celebrity suicide provided support for the existence of Werther effect in the Indian context.

title:
  The quality of online media reporting of celebrity suicide in India and its association with subsequent online suicide-related search behaviour among general population: An infodemiology study

abstract:
  The literature reports increased suicide rates among general population in the weeks following the celebrity suicide, known as the Werther effect. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed guidelines for responsible media reporting of suicide. The present study aimed to assess the quality of online media reporting of a recent celebrity suicide in India and its impact on the online suicide related search behaviour of the population. A total of 200 online media reports about Sushant Singh Rajput’s suicide published between 14(th) to 20(th) June, 2020 were assessed for quality of reporting following the checklist prepared using the WHO guidelines. Further, we examined the change in online suicide-seeking and help-seeking search behaviour of the population following celebrity suicide for the month of June using selected keywords. In terms of potentially harmful media reportage, 85.5% of online reports violated at least one WHO media reporting guideline. In terms of potentially helpful media reportage, only 13% articles provided information about where to seek help for suicidal thoughts or ideation. There was a significant increase in online suicide-seeking (U = 0.5, p < 0.05) and help-seeking (U = 6.5, p < 0.05) behaviour after the reference event, when compared to baseline. However, the online peak search interest for suicide-seeking was greater than help-seeking. This provides support for a strong Werther effect, possibly associated with poor quality of media reporting of celebrity suicide. There is an urgent need for taking steps to improve the quality of media reporting of suicide in India.


id: cord-353041-qmpatq8m
author: Han, Ruixia
date: 2020-09-30
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33007908/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197164
title:
  The Influence of Norm Perception on Pro-Environmental Behavior: A Comparison between the Moderating Roles of Traditional Media and Social Media

abstract:
  The activation of norm perception can promote pro-environmental behavior. How does media, as important variables in activating norm perception, affect pro-environmental behavior? Through an online survey of 550 randomly selected Chinese citizens, this study examines the roles of traditional media and social media in influencing the relationship between norm perception and pro-environmental behavior. Based on multi-level regression analysis of data, this study found that (1) compared with traditional media, social media play a more significant role in moderating the relationship between norm perception and pro-environmental behavior; (2) the promotion of the perception of injunctive norms by traditional media has a negative relationship with pro-environmental behaviors; (3) the activation of subjective norm perception by social media will promote pro-environmental behaviors. According to this research, in the current media environment, we should carefully release pro-environmental information on social media and encourage relevant discussions, and appropriately reduce environment-relevant injunctive normative information on traditional media. The study also discusses the role of media in regulating norm perception and pro-environmental behavior in different cultural contexts.


id: cord-355383-cqd2pa8c
title: Exposure to coronavirus news on mainstream media: The role of risk perceptions and depression
author: Olagoke, Ayokunle A.
date: 2020-05-16
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url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32415914/
doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12427
summary:
  In an attempt to stimulate public response, threat perception, and persuade people to comply with the preventive policies and regulations, the mainstream media rely on producing news contents that will increase the perceived self-efficacy to protect, vulnerability to the disease, and severity of the pandemic outbreaks (Bish & Michie, 2010; Park, Boatwright, & Avery, 2019; Pieri, 2019) . The objective of this study was to examine the association between exposure to COVID-19-related news on mainstream media, risk perceptions, and depressive symptoms. Participants reported exposure to COVID-19 news on mainstream media as 2.73 AE 0.91, depressive symptoms (1.92 AE 0.93), perceived severity (3.73 AE 1.19), perceived vulnerability (3.67 AE 1.07) and, self-efficacy (4.01 AE 0.67). Standardized mediation tests showed perceived vulnerability as mediating 34.4% (bias-corrected 95% CI = 7.79-149.35) of the relationship between exposure to COVID-19 news on mainstream media and depressive symptoms (Figure 1 ) with an indirect effect of b = .04; 95%CI = 0.01-0.06. In this study of 501 participants, perceived vulnerability mediated the relationship between exposure to COVID-19 news on the mainstream media and depressive symptoms.

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: The mainstream media tend to rely on news content that will increase risk perceptions of pandemic outbreaks to stimulate public response and persuade people to comply with preventive behaviours. The objective of this study was to examine associations between exposure to coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) news, risk perceptions, and depressive symptoms. METHODS: Cross‐sectional data were collected from 501 participants who were ≥18 years. Exposure to COVID‐19 news was assessed as our exposure variable. We screened for depression (outcome variable) with the Patient Health Questionnaire and examined the roles of risk perceptions. Multiple linear regressions and mediation analysis with 1000 bootstrap resamples were conducted. RESULTS: Participants were 55.29% female, 67.86% White with mean age 32.44 ± 11.94 years. After controlling for sociodemographic and socio‐economic factors, news exposure was positively associated with depressive symptoms β = .11; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.02–0.20. Mediation analysis showed that perceived vulnerability to COVID‐19 mediated 34.4% of this relationship (β = .04; 95%CI = 0.01–0.06). CONCLUSION: Perceived vulnerability to COVID‐19 can serve as a pathway through which exposure to COVID‐19 news on mainstream media may be associated with depressive symptoms. Based on our findings, we offered recommendations for media–health partnership, practice, and research.


id: cord-356353-e6jb0sex
title: Loops, ladders and links: the recursivity of social and machine learning
author: Fourcade, Marion
date: 2020-08-26
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url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-020-09409-x
doi: 10.1007/s11186-020-09409-x
summary:
  Both practices rely upon and reinforce a pervasive appetite for digital input or feedback that we characterize as "data hunger." They also share a propensity to assemble insight and make meaning accretively-a propensity that we denote here as "world or meaning accretion." Throughout this article, we probe the dynamic interaction of social and machine learning by drawing examples from one genre of online social contention and connection in which the pervasive influence of machine learning is evident: namely, that which occurs across social media channels and platforms. In such settings, the data accretion upon which machine learning depends for the development of granular insights-and, on social media platforms, associated auctioning and targeting of advertising-compounds the cumulative, sedimentary effect of social data, making negative impressions generated by "revenge porn," or by one''s online identity having been fraudulently coopted, hard to displace or renew.

abstract:
  Machine learning algorithms reshape how people communicate, exchange, and associate; how institutions sort them and slot them into social positions; and how they experience life, down to the most ordinary and intimate aspects. In this article, we draw on examples from the field of social media to review the commonalities, interactions, and contradictions between the dispositions of people and those of machines as they learn from and make sense of each other.


