# ent

id: cord-120442-qfgoue67
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Relationship between Deteriorating Mental Health Conditions and Longitudinal Behavioral Changes in Google and YouTube Usages among College Students


id: cord-120442-qfgoue67
type: ORG
entity:
  Social Networking Sites Depression and Anxiety A Systematic Review Association Between Social Media Use and Depression


id: cord-120442-qfgoue67
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Lancet Psychiatry Using Internet Based Psychological Measurement to Capture the Deteriorating Community Mental Health Profile


id: cord-120442-qfgoue67
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Role of YouTube and the Entertainment Industry in Saving Lives by Educating and Mobilizing the Public to Adopt Behaviors for Community Mitigation of COVID 19


id: cord-120442-qfgoue67
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  YouTube to Mitigate Transmission of COVID 19 Cross Sectional Study JMIR Public Health and Surveillance Misinformation


id: cord-010924-ocpehls4
type: EVENT
entity:
  Resettlement Implementation and Evaluation of Cross Cultural Trauma Informed Care Training date 2020


id: cord-264233-0nyzwb44
type: ORG
entity:
  Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Progression of Mental Health Services


id: cord-271115-3nhbzybq
type: GPE
entity:
  Advancing the Development of the Guidelines for the Nursing of Children Adolescents and Families 2014 Revision Process Development


id: cord-271115-3nhbzybq
type: EVENT
entity:
  Hurricane Katrina Tackling The Mental Health Crisis In Emergency Departments Look Upstream For Solutions Posttraumatic


id: cord-321705-6a7avlro
type: ORG
entity:
  Immediate and Sustained Psychological Impact of an Emerging Infectious Disease Outbreak on Health Care Workers Canadian


id: cord-291753-9p5ppawn
type: LAW
entity:
  Association Between State Laws Facilitating Pharmacy Distribution of Naloxone and Risk of Fatal Overdose Cost Effectiveness of Intranasal Naloxone Distribution to High Risk Prescription Opioid Users SCOPE of Pain An Evaluation of an Opioid Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy Continuing Education Program Hour


id: cord-291753-9p5ppawn
type: ORG
entity:
  Training American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry State Targeted Response Technical Assistance Consortium ACEP


id: cord-291753-9p5ppawn
type: ORG
entity:
  Appalachia Postincarceration Fatal Overdoses After Implementing Medications for Addiction Treatment in a Statewide Correctional System Orienting


id: cord-291753-9p5ppawn
type: ORG
entity:
  the United States Drug Addiction and Recovery Team DART Harm Reduction Coalition Harm Reduction Coalition


id: cord-291753-9p5ppawn
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Prostatectomy How Payer Provider Collaboration Can Lead to Improved Patient Safety and Reimbursement A Transitional Opioid Program to Engage Hospitalized Drug Users


id: cord-291753-9p5ppawn
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  the Opioid Risk Tool One Year Mortality of Patients After Emergency Department Treatment for Nonfatal Opioid Overdose Inpatient Addiction Consult Service Expertise for Hospitalized Patients with Complex Addiction Problems Integrated


id: cord-291753-9p5ppawn
type: ORG
entity:
  Acute Care Prescription Opioid Use and Overdose Following Discontinuation of Long Term Buprenorphine Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder Drug


id: cord-291753-9p5ppawn
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  the Treatment of Opioid Dependence N Providers Clinical Support System Primer on Antagonist Based Treatment of Opioid Use Diso Support System Clinical


id: cord-291753-9p5ppawn
type: ORG
entity:
  Mental Health Services Administration State Targeted Response Technical Assistance C American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry


id: cord-291753-9p5ppawn
type: ORG
entity:
  Opioid Use Disorder Education Understanding Addiction Identification Counseling and Treatment of OUD Collaborative Care Approaches


id: cord-291753-9p5ppawn
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  the Use of Medications to Treat Individuals with Substance Use Disorders Procedures for Medication Assisted Treatment of Alcohol or Opioid Dependence


id: cord-291753-9p5ppawn
type: ORG
entity:
  Primary Care Providers Clinical Support System Overview of Medication Assisted Treatment Providers Cli Provider Clinical Support System


id: cord-291753-9p5ppawn
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Massachusetts Substance Use Helplin Journey Recovery Project Pregnancy and Parenting Journey Recovery Project Massachusetts Health Hospitals Association Guideline Treating Opioid Use Disorder in the E Hospital Association


id: cord-291753-9p5ppawn
type: ORG
entity:
  Correctional Healthcare Jail Based Medication Assisted Treatment P Resources for The Field National Commission


id: cord-291753-9p5ppawn
type: ORG
entity:
  Admin California Bridge California Department of Use of Medication Assisted Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder


id: cord-291753-9p5ppawn
type: ORG
entity:
  SAMHSA Wraparound Implementation and Practice Quality Standards HIV Care Coordination Program Centers for Disease Control and Patient


id: cord-291753-9p5ppawn
type: ORG
entity:
  Community Reinforceme Motivational Incentives Center for the Application of Substance Abuse Technologies Addiction Technology Transfer Center Network


id: cord-291753-9p5ppawn
type: ORG
entity:
  Center for Substance Abuse Treatment National Institute of Mental Health Suicide Prevention Website National Institute of Mental H Suicide Prevention Resource Center Programs


id: cord-261558-szll3znw
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  A Systematic Assessment of Smartphone Tools for Suicide Prevention Smartphone Apps for Schizophrenia A Systematic Review Technological Interventions for Medication Adherence


id: cord-317441-tnde2jp5
type: ORG
entity:
  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC Prevention Research Centers American Public Health Association Mental Health Section Colorado Public Radio University of Colorado


id: cord-317441-tnde2jp5
type: ORG
entity:
  the News Telemental Health Care an Effective Alternative to Conventional Mental Care a Systematic Review Online


id: cord-347960-vl5zhxyh
type: GGP
entity:
  P s y c h ia Global mental health how are we doing Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus 2019 nCoV


id: cord-347960-vl5zhxyh
type: ORG
entity:
  Rome Cattolica University of Rome University of Trieste University of Ferrara the Center for Behavioral Sciences


id: cord-347960-vl5zhxyh
type: ORG
entity:
  American Psychiatric Association Severity of Acute Stress Symptoms Adult National Stressful Events Survey Acute


id: cord-326574-ke0iktly
type: LAW
entity:
  Countries Using Operational and Technology Innovation to Overcome Funding Deficiencies Clinical Features


id: cord-326574-ke0iktly
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Google Trends in Infodemiology and Infoveillance Methodology Framework Annual Research Review Ecological


id: cord-326574-ke0iktly
type: ORG
entity:
  Cognitive Processing Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder via Telehealth Practical Considerations


id: cord-252161-1ve7heyb
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  Coronavirus 2019 COVID 19 pandemic for child and adolescent mental health a narrative review to highlight clinical and research needs in the acute phase and the long


id: cord-028178-77zq31tw
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  pollution macrophage inhibitory factor MIF prion cellular protein PrPC Interleukin 6 IL 6 interleukin 1 receptor


id: cord-293427-hwkmvo4p
type: ORG
entity:
  the School of Sociology and Psychology Academic Committee Central University of Finance and Economics


id: cord-296422-5lsyh6s5
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  the Global Burden of Disease Study Intervention Guide for Mental Neurological and Substance Use Disorders in Non Specialized Health Settings


id: cord-258229-l716wjwn
type: GGP
entity:
  professionals 9 11 related PTSD among highly exposed populations a systematic review 15 years after the attack Health outcomes during the 2008 financial crisis in Europe systematic literature review The nascent empirical


id: cord-258229-l716wjwn
type: ORG
entity:
  Marche Ancona University of Ferrara University of Milan Bicocca University of Milan Statale University of Perugia University of Pisa Sapienza University


id: cord-301479-dc1oyftd
type: ORG
entity:
  the Detection and Identification of Infectious Diseases Project DIID Foresight Project Office of Science and Innovation Potential


id: cord-301479-dc1oyftd
type: ORG
entity:
  United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction UN ISDR Living with Risk


id: cord-261938-ls363vud
type: GGP
entity:
  Cureus DOI 10 7759 cureus 9944 sha 8cad3e3eabb40d9e15f2023690828df25d78b5bb doc_id 261938 cord_uid ls363vud Millions


id: cord-316461-bxcsa1h2
type: ORG
entity:
  the National Comorbidity Survey Replication RC Disruption of Existing Mental Health Treatments and Failure to Initiate New Treatment After Hurricane Katrina


id: cord-348298-rtm8dn43
type: ORG
entity:
  The Lancet Psychiatry National Vision for Change Working Group Psychosocial Mental Health Needs Following Major Emergencies A Guidance Document Houses


id: cord-277717-q6jbu0r3
type: DNA
entity:
  Composite International Diagnostic Interview CIDI including mood i e depressive and bipolar disorders anxiety i e panic attacks generalized anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorders substance


id: cord-277717-q6jbu0r3
type: GPE
entity:
  the United States Using a Clinical Significance Criterion to Reconcile 2 Surveys Estimates Mental Health Substance Use and Suicidal Ideation


id: cord-343073-lwbddab2
type: ORG
entity:
  COVID 19 Outbreak Peruvian Mental Health Reform A Framework for Scaling up Mental Health Services World Health Organization


id: cord-343073-lwbddab2
type: ORG
entity:
  Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol Mental Health Status Among Children in Home Confinement During the Coronavirus Disease Patients


id: cord-350000-eqn3kl5p
type: DNA
entity:
  A1 A8 A9 A10 A13 A16 A18 A21 A23 A25 A30 A33 A37 A40 A41 A44 A56 A59 A62 A66 A67 A70 A82 A86 A92 A98 A105 A106 A111 A121 I1 I2 I6 I10 I11 I13 I16 I18 I23 I25 I29 I30 I32 I34 I40 I42 54 Breathing exercises A3 A6 A20 A21 A23 A25 A29 A30 A34 A37 A41 I29 I33 I7 I9 31 Games A31 A32 A43 A46 A51 A58 A60 A63 A65 A84 A96 A101 A112 A119 A120 I12 I14 I15 I17 I20 I22 I24 I27 I28 I31 I36 I39 I41 I43 I44 33


id: cord-350000-eqn3kl5p
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  A6 A11 A20 A29 A38 A86 A112 I1 I13 I18 10 Self esteem and confidence A18 A20 A21 A83 A88 A118 A121 I1 I2 I5 I18 I26 12


id: cord-350000-eqn3kl5p
type: GGP
entity:
  A12 A33 A34 A48 A66 A69 A70 A72 A78 A79 A88 A91 A103 A113 I19 I7 17 Stories A8 A18 A30 A36 A49 A59 A82 A98 A118 I8 I9 I18 I29 I30 I32 I42 16 Mindfulness practices A10 A12 A20


id: cord-348436-mwitcseq
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  UCL COVID 19 Social Study a panel study collecting data weekly during the COVID 19 pandemic The analytical sample consisted of 55 204 adults living in the UK who were followed up for the strict 11 week lockdown period from 21st March to 31st May 2020 Data


id: cord-348436-mwitcseq
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  UCL COVID 19 Social Study a large panel study of the psychological and social experiences of over 50 000 adults aged 18


id: cord-348436-mwitcseq
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Google Trends Fixed Effects Analyses of Time Varying Associations between Hobbies and Depression in a Longitudinal Cohort Study Support for Social Prescribing Gardening


# bib

id: cord-010924-ocpehls4
author: Im, Hyojin
date: 2020-02-22
txt: ./txt/cord-010924-ocpehls4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-010924-ocpehls4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223069/
doi: 10.1007/s10903-020-00992-w
summary:
  We evaluated CC-TIC, using a free listing and semi-structured retrospective preand post-training evaluation with five localities in two states in the U.S. The results showed significant improvement in providers'' knowledge of trauma impacts, cultural expressions of trauma/stress-related symptoms, and culturally-responsive trauma-informed care. This study emphasizes that culturally-responsive trauma-informed approaches can help bridge gaps between mental health care and resettlement services and promote exchanges of knowledge and expertise to build collaborative care and community partnership. Given such gaps, the authors developed a tailored training program that helps refugee service providers build competencies related to trauma-informed care in crosscultural settings and community partnerships for referrals and coordination of care. In order to address the gap in culturally-competent traumainformed care in refugee resettlement services, the first author developed an interactive training curriculum based on Herman''s trauma recovery model [20] and Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA)''s core principles of trauma-informed care [21] .

title:
  Capacity Building for Refugee Mental Health in Resettlement: Implementation and Evaluation of Cross-Cultural Trauma-Informed Care Training

abstract:
  Refugee mental health needs are heightened during resettlement but are often neglected due to challenges in service provision, including lack of opportunities for building capacity and partnership among providers. We developed and implemented culturally-responsive refugee mental health training, called Cross-Cultural Trauma-Informed Care (CC-TIC) training. We evaluated CC-TIC, using a free listing and semi-structured retrospective pre- and post-training evaluation with five localities in two states in the U.S. The results showed significant improvement in providers’ knowledge of trauma impacts, cultural expressions of trauma/stress-related symptoms, and culturally-responsive trauma-informed care. Trauma-informed care specific to refugee resettlement was regarded as the most helpful topic and community partnership building as the most requested area for future training. This study emphasizes that culturally-responsive trauma-informed approaches can help bridge gaps between mental health care and resettlement services and promote exchanges of knowledge and expertise to build collaborative care and community partnership.


id: cord-011677-axv32kys
author: Van Beveren, Laura
date: 2020-04-04
txt: ./txt/cord-011677-axv32kys.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-011677-axv32kys.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7307005/
doi: 10.1177/1049732320912409
summary:
  In this study, we aim to contribute to the field of critical health communication research by examining how notions of mental health and illness are discursively constructed in newspapers and magazines in six European countries and how these constructions relate to specific understandings of mental health literacy. Using the method of cluster-agon analysis, we identified four terminological clusters in our data, in which mental health/illness is conceptualized as "dangerous," "a matter of lifestyle," "a unique story and experience," and "socially situated." We furthermore found that we cannot unambiguously assume that biopsychiatric discourses or discourses aimed at empathy and understanding are either exclusively stigmatizing or exclusively empowering and normalizing. However, our data suggest that news coverage that relates mental health problems to crime is still largely informed by the biocommunicable model of biomedical authority, with most of the terminology surrounding the concept of mental distress referring to biomedical psychiatry (i.e., illness, disorder, diagnosis, treatment, medication, and psychiatric expert).

title:
  A Critical Perspective on Mental Health News in Six European Countries: How Are “Mental Health/Illness” and “Mental Health Literacy” Rhetorically Constructed?

abstract:
  In this study, we aim to contribute to the field of critical health communication research by examining how notions of mental health and illness are discursively constructed in newspapers and magazines in six European countries and how these constructions relate to specific understandings of mental health literacy. Using the method of cluster-agon analysis, we identified four terminological clusters in our data, in which mental health/illness is conceptualized as “dangerous,” “a matter of lifestyle,” “a unique story and experience,” and “socially situated.” We furthermore found that we cannot unambiguously assume that biopsychiatric discourses or discourses aimed at empathy and understanding are either exclusively stigmatizing or exclusively empowering and normalizing. We consequently call for a critical conception of mental health literacy arguing that all mental health news socializes its audience in specific understandings of and attitudes toward mental health (knowledge) and that discourses on mental health/illness can work differently in varying contexts.


id: cord-026999-r8teblhs
author: DiBenigno, Julia
date: 2020-06-02
txt: ./txt/cord-026999-r8teblhs.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-026999-r8teblhs.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7299658/
doi: 10.1136/leader-2020-000279
summary:
  Findings To address these pervasive goal and identity conflicts in professional organisations, we translate the results of a multiyear research study examining the US Army''s efforts to transform its mental health support during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. We describe how an intentional organisational design used by the US Army that assigned specific mental health personnel to frontline units helped to mitigate professional goal and identity conflicts by creating personalised relationships and contextualising mental health offerings. We describe how an intentional organisational design used by the US Army that assigned specific mental health personnel to frontline units helped to mitigate professional goal and identity conflicts by creating personalised relationships and contextualising mental health offerings. Third, we discuss the implications of the Army study for healthcare organisations and highlight the potential for skilful organisational design to help address goal and identity conflicts by assigning mental health personnel to support specific frontline units.

title:
  Structuring mental health support for frontline caregivers during COVID-19: lessons from organisational scholarship on unit-aligned support

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Although the COVID-19 pandemic exposes frontline caregivers to severe prolonged stresses and trauma, there has been little clarity on how healthcare organisations can structure support to address these mental health needs. This article translates organisational scholarship on professionals working in organisations to elucidate why traditional approaches to supporting employee mental health, which often ask employees to seek assistance from centralised resources that separate mental health personnel from frontline units, may be insufficient under crisis conditions. We identify a critical but often overlooked aspect of employee mental health support: how frontline professionals respond to mental health services. In high-risk, high-pressure fields, frontline professionals may perceive mental health support as coming at the expense of urgent frontline work goals (ie, patient care) and as clashing with their central professional identities (ie, as expert, self-reliant ironmen/women). FINDINGS: To address these pervasive goal and identity conflicts in professional organisations, we translate the results of a multiyear research study examining the US Army’s efforts to transform its mental health support during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. We highlight parallels between providing support to frontline military units and frontline healthcare units during COVID-19 and surface implications for structuring mental health supports during a crisis. We describe how an intentional organisational design used by the US Army that assigned specific mental health personnel to frontline units helped to mitigate professional goal and identity conflicts by creating personalised relationships and contextualising mental health offerings. CONCLUSION: Addressing frontline caregivers’ mental health needs is a vital part of health delivery organisations’ response to COVID-19, but without thoughtful organisational design, well-intentioned efforts may fall short. An approach that assigns individual mental health personnel to support specific frontline units may be particularly promising.


id: cord-028178-77zq31tw
title: Urbanicity mental costs valuation: a review and urban-societal planning consideration
author: D’Acci, Luca S.
date: 2020-06-30
txt: ./txt/cord-028178-77zq31tw.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-028178-77zq31tw.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7325640/
doi: 10.1007/s11299-020-00235-3
summary:
  (2004) of 68 studies found a schizophrenia incidence rate 2 times higher in urban areas than in mixed rural/urban areas; a rate that rises up to a 2.75 times greater risk of schizophrenia when one has lived 15 years of her early life in a capital city rather than a rural area (Pedersen and Mortensen 2001a) . 2012 ) used different methods (although non comparable among each other) to estimate mental disorders costs: (1) direct and indirect costs by human capital approach (the standard cost-of-illness method), (2) impact on economic growth (macroeconomic simulation), and (3) value of statistical life (willingness to pay). Let''s speculate that by planning better structural-infrastructural urban environments and forms (D''Acci 2020) and their socio-economic systems/life styles, (eliminating crowd-congestion, pollution, greenless, noise, crime, overwork, stress, over-pace…) of our current cities we are also able to entirely reduce their extra psychosis incidences and then levelling the urban psychosis rate to the rural one.

abstract:
  Living in cities has numerous comparative advantages than living in the countryside or in small villages and towns, most notably better access to education, services and jobs. However, it is also associated with a roughly twofold increase in some mental disorders rate incidence compared with living in rural areas. Economic assessments reported a forecasted loss of more than 19 trillion dollars in global GDP between 2011 and 2030 and of around 7 trillion for the year 2030 alone when measured by the human capital method. If we exclude self-selection processes and make the hypothesis to be able to level down the mental illness rate incidence in urban areas to these of the rural by better urban-societal planning, around € 1.2 trillion could be saved yearly worldwide. Even a reduction of only 20% in urban mental illness rate would save around 250 billion dollars yearly.


id: cord-030872-qhyjhk1r
title: Policy recommendations to promote integrated mental health care for children and youth
author: Wissow, Lawrence S.
date: 2020-08-25
txt: ./txt/cord-030872-qhyjhk1r.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-030872-qhyjhk1r.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7445486/
doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2020.08.014
abstract: nan
summary:
  19 Integration continues to face significant barriers, including lack of consensus on how primary care and co-located mental health professionals should share roles, the need for substantial transformation in how practices operate if they are to provide mental health care, 20 financing schemes that do not incentivize treatment in primary care or collaboration with mental health providers, 21 and a lack of mental health practitioners trained to work in primary care settings (especially in linguistically and culturally diverse communities). d. HRSA could expand and institutionalize its support so that all states could have so-called "child psychiatry access programs" that promote interprofessional collaboration and education supporting mental health service delivery in the pediatric primary care. 46, 47 These programs provide informal mental health consultation to primary care providers around specific patient''s problems, and many currently have primary care provider training and practice transformation components which could be expanded to include helping integrated behavioral health providers (including those in schools) adopt and use evidencebased brief interventions or telepsychiatry when necessary.


id: cord-030886-yirpxgqi
title: International Mental Health perspectives on the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic()
author: Ibáñez-Vizoso, Jesús E.
date: 2020-08-26
txt: ./txt/cord-030886-yirpxgqi.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-030886-yirpxgqi.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7448814/
doi: 10.1016/j.rpsmen.2020.04.001
abstract: nan
summary:
  Several studies have described an important psychological impact of these epidemics on the general population, patients, and health workers, proposing different measures to guarantee Mental Health and prevent the progression of psychopathology in these circumstances. 9 During the 2003 SARS epidemic, the affected patients in a Toronto hospital experienced fear, loneliness, anger, the psychological effects resulting from symptoms of infection and concern about quarantine and contagion. 1 These epidemics, caused by other coronaviruses, may offer clues about the possible effects on Mental Health of COVID-19 in the general population, among patients and among health workers. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus Mental health care measures in response to the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Korea


id: cord-120442-qfgoue67
author: Zaman, Anis
date: 2020-09-05
txt: ./txt/cord-120442-qfgoue67.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-120442-qfgoue67.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.09076v1.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  title: The Relationship between Deteriorating Mental Health Conditions and Longitudinal Behavioral Changes in Google and YouTube Usages among College Students in the United States during COVID-19: Observational Study The goal of this study is to examine, among college students, the relationship between deteriorating mental health conditions and changes in user behaviors when engaging with Google Search and YouTube during COVID-19. In this study, we collected longitudinal individual-level Google Search and YouTube data from college students, and we measured their anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9) levels before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. First, while most of the online behavioral features we developed showed significant differences between groups of students with and without deteriorating anxiety and depressive disorders during COVID-19, our study cohort only represented a small portion of the whole population suffering from mental health difficulties.

title:
  The Relationship between Deteriorating Mental Health Conditions and Longitudinal Behavioral Changes in Google and YouTube Usages among College Students in the United States during COVID-19: Observational Study

abstract:
  Mental health problems among the global population are worsened during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). How individuals engage with online platforms such as Google Search and YouTube undergoes drastic shifts due to pandemic and subsequent lockdowns. Such ubiquitous daily behaviors on online platforms have the potential to capture and correlate with clinically alarming deteriorations in mental health profiles in a non-invasive manner. The goal of this study is to examine, among college students, the relationship between deteriorating mental health conditions and changes in user behaviors when engaging with Google Search and YouTube during COVID-19. This study recruited a cohort of 49 students from a U.S. college campus during January 2020 (prior to the pandemic) and measured the anxiety and depression levels of each participant. This study followed up with the same cohort during May 2020 (during the pandemic), and the anxiety and depression levels were assessed again. The longitudinal Google Search and YouTube history data were anonymized and collected. From individual-level Google Search and YouTube histories, we developed 5 signals that can quantify shifts in online behaviors during the pandemic. We then assessed the differences between groups with and without deteriorating mental health profiles in terms of these features. Significant features included late-night online activities, continuous usages, and time away from the internet, porn consumptions, and keywords associated with negative emotions, social activities, and personal affairs. Though further studies are required, our results demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing pervasive online data to establish non-invasive surveillance systems for mental health conditions that bypasses many disadvantages of existing screening methods.


id: cord-130198-pyg81vwb
title: Temporal Mental Health Dynamics on Social Media
author: Tabak, Tom
date: 2020-08-30
txt: ./txt/cord-130198-pyg81vwb.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-130198-pyg81vwb.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.13121v3.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  Conducting mental health diagnosis tasks on social media data presents its own set of challenges: The users'' option of conveying a particular public persona posts that may not be genuine; sampling from a sub-population that is either technologically savvy, which may lend to a generational bias, or those that can afford the financial cost of the technology, which may lead to a demographic bias. Therefore, the ability to accurately identify Diagnosed samples and correctly discriminate between Control and Diagnosed with the least tweet-enriched samples will be vital in modelling a fine-grained rate of depression in the deployment stage of the final task where conclusions could be drawn in the context of the national lockdowns. The experiment dataset is used for the deployment of the classifier, which is trained and validated on the development set, to analyse the temporal mental health dynamics of a country.

abstract:
  We describe a set of experiments for building a temporal mental health dynamics system. We utilise a pre-existing methodology for distant-supervision of mental health data mining from social media platforms and deploy the system during the global COVID-19 pandemic as a case study. Despite the challenging nature of the task, we produce encouraging results, both explicit to the global pandemic and implicit to a global phenomenon, Christmas Depression, supported by the literature. We propose a methodology for providing insight into temporal mental health dynamics to be utilised for strategic decision-making.


id: cord-252161-1ve7heyb
title: Roadmap to strengthen global mental health systems to tackle the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
author: Maulik, Pallab K.
date: 2020-07-29
txt: ./txt/cord-252161-1ve7heyb.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-252161-1ve7heyb.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32742305/
doi: 10.1186/s13033-020-00393-4
abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The COVID pandemic has been devastating for not only its direct impact on lives, physical health, socio-economic status of individuals, but also for its impact on mental health. Some individuals are affected psychologically more severely and will need additional care. However, the current health system is so fragmented and focused on caring for those infected that management of mental illness has been neglected. An integrated approach is needed to strengthen the health system, service providers and research to not only manage the current mental health problems related to COVID but develop robust strategies to overcome more long-term impact of the pandemic. A series of recommendations are outlined in this paper to help policy makers, service providers and other stakeholders, and research and research funders to strengthen existing mental health systems, develop new ones, and at the same time advance research to mitigate the mental health impact of COVID19. The recommendations refer to low, middle and high resource settings as capabilities vary greatly between countries and within countries. DISCUSSION: The recommendations for policy makers are focused on strengthening leadership and governance, finance mechanisms, and developing programme and policies that especially include the most vulnerable populations. Service provision should focus on accessible and equitable evidence-based community care models commensurate with the existing mental health capacity to deliver care, train existing primary care staff to cater to increased mental health needs, implement prevention and promotion programmes tailored to local needs, and support civil societies and employers to address the increased burden of mental illness. Researchers and research funders should focus on research to develop robust information systems that can be enhanced further by linking with other data sources to run predictive models using artificial intelligence, understand neurobiological mechanisms and community-based interventions to address the pandemic driven mental health problems in an integrated manner and use innovative digital solutions. CONCLUSION: Urgent action is needed to strengthen mental health system in all settings. The recommendations outlined can be used as a guide to develop these further or identify new ones in relation to local needs.


id: cord-252771-6kwfulqe
author: Yue, Jing-Li
date: 2020-11-05
txt: ./txt/cord-252771-6kwfulqe.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-252771-6kwfulqe.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33148347/
doi: 10.1017/s0033291720003888
summary:
  Group-based cognitive behavioral therapy, psychological first aid, community-based psychosocial arts program, and other culturally adapted interventions were reported as being effective against the mental health impacts of COVID-19, Ebola, and SARS. Specifically, mental health professionals including psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, and psychologists were deployed to provide psychological counseling and support for vulnerable populations (e.g. frontline healthcare workers, confirmed COVID-19 patients, suspected COVID-19 cases and their families) in China and for people in quarantine in South Korea. For example, group-based CBT (Waterman et al., 2018; Waterman et al., 2019) , PFA, PTL (Decosimo et al., 2019) , culturally adapted interventions such as SMART (Ng et al., 2006) , ultra-brief psychological interventions (Ping et al., 2020) and peer supports (Rastegar Kazerooni et al., 2020) have been reported to effectively mitigate the emotional impacts of COVID-19, EVD, and SARS outbreaks. Culturally-adapted and cost-effective mental health emergency systems based on evidence-based intervention methods integrated into public health emergency responses at the national and global levels are recommended to reduce the psychological impacts of infectious disease outbreaks, especially for COVID-19.

title:
  Mental health services for infectious disease outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review

abstract:
  The upsurge in the number of people affected by the COVID-19 is likely to lead to increased rates of emotional trauma and mental illnesses. This article systematically reviewed the available data on the benefits of interventions to reduce adverse mental health sequelae of infectious disease outbreaks, and to offer guidance for mental health service responses to infectious disease pandemic. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, WHO Global Research Database on infectious disease, and the preprint server medRxiv were searched. Of 4278 reports identified, 32 were included in this review. Most articles of psychological interventions were implemented to address the impact of COVID-19 pandemic, followed by Ebola, SARS, and MERS for multiple vulnerable populations. Increasing mental health literacy of the public is vital to prevent the mental health crisis under the COVID-19 pandemic. Group-based cognitive behavioral therapy, psychological first aid, community-based psychosocial arts program, and other culturally adapted interventions were reported as being effective against the mental health impacts of COVID-19, Ebola, and SARS. Culturally-adapted, cost-effective, and accessible strategies integrated into the public health emergency response and established medical systems at the local and national levels are likely to be an effective option to enhance mental health response capacity for the current and for future infectious disease outbreaks. Tele-mental healthcare services were key central components of stepped care for both infectious disease outbreak management and routine support; however, the usefulness and limitations of remote health delivery should also be recognized.


id: cord-252984-79jzkdu2
author: Bickman, Leonard
date: 2020-07-26
txt: ./txt/cord-252984-79jzkdu2.txt
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extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-020-01065-8
doi: 10.1007/s10488-020-01065-8
summary:
  I describe five principal causes of this failure, which I attribute primarily, but not solely, to methodological limitations of RCTs. Lastly, I make the case for why I think AI and the parallel movement of precision medicine embody approaches that are needed to augment, but probably not replace, our current research and development efforts in the field of mental health services. (1) harmonize terminology and specify MBC''s core components; (2) develop criterion standard methods for monitoring fidelity and reporting quality of implementation; (3) develop algorithms for MBC to guide psychotherapy; (4) test putative mechanisms of change, particularly for psychotherapy; (5) develop brief and psychometrically strong measures for use in combination; (6) assess the critical timing of administration needed to optimize patient outcomes; (7) streamline measurement feedback systems to include only key ingredients and enhance electronic health record interoperability; (8) identify discrete strategies to support implementation; (9) make evidence-based policy decisions; and (10) align reimbursement structures.

title:
  Improving Mental Health Services: A 50-Year Journey from Randomized Experiments to Artificial Intelligence and Precision Mental Health

abstract:
  This conceptual paper describes the current state of mental health services, identifies critical problems, and suggests how to solve them. I focus on the potential contributions of artificial intelligence and precision mental health to improving mental health services. Toward that end, I draw upon my own research, which has changed over the last half century, to highlight the need to transform the way we conduct mental health services research. I identify exemplars from the emerging literature on artificial intelligence and precision approaches to treatment in which there is an attempt to personalize or fit the treatment to the client in order to produce more effective interventions.


id: cord-255360-yjn24sja
author: O''Connor, Daryl B.
date: 2020-07-19
txt: ./txt/cord-255360-yjn24sja.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-255360-yjn24sja.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12468
doi: 10.1111/bjop.12468
summary:
  The most pressing need is to research the negative biopsychosocial impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic to facilitate immediate and longer‐term recovery, not only in relation to mental health, but also in relation to behaviour change and adherence, work, education, children and families, physical health and the brain, and social cohesion and connectedness. Specifically, we have identified the shorter-and longerterm priorities around mental health, behaviour change and adherence, work, education, children and families, physical health and the brain, and social cohesion and connectedness in order to (1) frame the breadth and scope of potential contributions from across the discipline, (2) assist psychological scientists in focusing their resources on gaps in the literature, and (3) help funders and policymakers make informed decisions about the shorter-and longer-term COVID-19 research priorities to meet the needs of societies as they emerge from the acute phase of the crisis.

title:
  Research priorities for the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond: A call to action for psychological science

abstract:
  The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) that has caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic represents the greatest international biopsychosocial emergency the world has faced for a century, and psychological science has an integral role to offer in helping societies recover. The aim of this paper is to set out the shorter‐ and longer‐term priorities for research in psychological science that will (a) frame the breadth and scope of potential contributions from across the discipline; (b) enable researchers to focus their resources on gaps in knowledge; and (c) help funders and policymakers make informed decisions about future research priorities in order to best meet the needs of societies as they emerge from the acute phase of the pandemic. The research priorities were informed by an expert panel convened by the British Psychological Society that reflects the breadth of the discipline; a wider advisory panel with international input; and a survey of 539 psychological scientists conducted early in May 2020. The most pressing need is to research the negative biopsychosocial impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic to facilitate immediate and longer‐term recovery, not only in relation to mental health, but also in relation to behaviour change and adherence, work, education, children and families, physical health and the brain, and social cohesion and connectedness. We call on psychological scientists to work collaboratively with other scientists and stakeholders, establish consortia, and develop innovative research methods while maintaining high‐quality, open, and rigorous research standards.


id: cord-258229-l716wjwn
author: Fiorillo, Andrea
date: 2020-09-28
txt: ./txt/cord-258229-l716wjwn.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-258229-l716wjwn.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.89
doi: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.89
summary:
  The COMET trial includes three phases: phase one consists in the dissemination of a survey on the impact of lockdown and its related containment measures on the mental health of the Italian general population; the second phase consists in the development of a new psychosocial online supportive intervention [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] for the management of the consequences on mental health of the pandemic; the last phase consists in the evaluation of the efficacy and feasibility of the experimental psychosocial intervention in a randomized control trial. In order to evaluate factors associated with the severity of depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms at DASS-21 (primary outcomes), multivariate linear regression models were performed, including as independent variables: being infected by COVID-19, having a pre-existing mental disorder, being a healthcare professional.

title:
  Effects of the lockdown on the mental health of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Results from the COMET collaborative network

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented traumatic event influencing the healthcare, economic, and social welfare systems worldwide. In order to slow the infection rates, lockdown has been implemented almost everywhere. Italy, one of the countries most severely affected, entered the “lockdown” on March 8, 2020. METHODS: The COvid Mental hEalth Trial (COMET) network includes 10 Italian university sites and the National Institute of Health. The whole study has three different phases. The first phase includes an online survey conducted between March and May 2020 in the Italian population. Recruitment took place through email invitation letters, social media, mailing lists of universities, national medical associations, and associations of stakeholders (e.g., associations of users/carers). In order to evaluate the impact of lockdown on depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms, multivariate linear regression models were performed, weighted for the propensity score. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 20,720 participants. Among them, 12.4% of respondents (N = 2,555) reported severe or extremely severe levels of depressive symptoms, 17.6% (N = 3,627) of anxiety symptoms and 41.6% (N = 8,619) reported to feel at least moderately stressed by the situation at the DASS-21. According to the multivariate regression models, the depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms significantly worsened from the week April 9–15 to the week April 30 to May 4 (p < 0.0001). Moreover, female respondents and people with pre-existing mental health problems were at higher risk of developing severe depression and anxiety symptoms (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Although physical isolation and lockdown represent essential public health measures for containing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, they are a serious threat for mental health and well-being of the general population. As an integral part of COVID-19 response, mental health needs should be addressed.


id: cord-259694-8uv291b5
author: Sloan, Carlie J.
date: 2020-08-21
txt: ./txt/cord-259694-8uv291b5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-259694-8uv291b5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113309
doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113309
summary:
  The current study examines (1) longitudinal changes in the effect of having a child with a developmental or mental health problem on parental negative affect, psychological well-being, and somatic symptoms, (2) age and gender moderations on these effects, and (3) the unique impact of factors related to the child''s condition. Additionally, among those with children with developmental or mental health problems, older parental age of onset of the child''s condition was protective of parental well-being, and longer duration of the child''s condition also predicted better health outcomes, suggesting that parents may adapt to the stress of their caregiving role over time. Having a child with a developmental or mental health problem will predict higher negative affect, lower psychological well-being, and a greater number of somatic symptoms, at both a baseline time point and a 10-year follow-up, compared to parents of children without these problems.

title:
  Longitudinal changes in well-being of parents of individuals with developmental or mental health problems

abstract:
  A large body of work demonstrates the impact of caregiving burden on the well-being of parents of individuals with developmental conditions or mental health problems. However, a relative dearth of research examines this impact longitudinally into parents' older age. Objective. The current study examines (1) longitudinal changes in the effect of having a child with a developmental or mental health problem on parental negative affect, psychological well-being, and somatic symptoms, (2) age and gender moderations on these effects, and (3) the unique impact of factors related to the child's condition. Method. This study employs hierarchical linear regression models to examine longitudinal survey data from midlife adults (N = 1,101) from two waves of the National Study of Midlife in the United States (MIDUS). Results. Models revealed some evidence for age attenuation of the impact of caregiving stress. Parents of children with developmental problems still had higher negative affect, poorer psychological well-being, and more somatic symptoms on average than parents in a comparison sample, whereas parents of children with mental health problems only showed evidence of higher negative affect compared to this sample. Within-group analyses also revealed differences between each parenting group into later adulthood. Conclusions. Parents of individuals with developmental or mental health problems may be at risk for poorer well-being late in life. Yet, age and gender differences as well as diagnostic group differences nuance these findings.


id: cord-259924-a14svuwu
title: Psychological Functioning of Slovene Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Does Resilience Matter?
author: Kavčič, Tina
date: 2020-06-17
txt: ./txt/cord-259924-a14svuwu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-259924-a14svuwu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-020-09789-4
doi: 10.1007/s11126-020-09789-4
summary:
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the buffering role of personal resilience in two aspects of psychological functioning, mental health and stress, among Slovene adults at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak. Within five days after Slovenia declared epidemics, 2722 participants (75% female) completed an on-line survey measuring mental health and perceived stress as outcome variables and demographics, health-related variables, and personal resilience as predictor variables. The crucial factor promoting good psychological functioning during the COVID-19 pandemics was resilience, additionally buffering against detrimental effects of demographic and health-related variables on mental health and perceived stress. The present study investigated the buffering role of personal resilience in two aspects of psychological functioning, stress and mental health, during the outbreak of COVID-19 and subsequent social lockdown, while taking into account individuals'' demographic and healthrelated characteristics.

abstract:
  As a public health emergency, a pandemic increases susceptibility to unfavourable psychological outcomes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the buffering role of personal resilience in two aspects of psychological functioning, mental health and stress, among Slovene adults at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak. Within five days after Slovenia declared epidemics, 2722 participants (75% female) completed an on-line survey measuring mental health and perceived stress as outcome variables and demographics, health-related variables, and personal resilience as predictor variables. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses demonstrated that women, younger, and less educated participants had higher odds for less favourable psychological functioning during the COVID-19 outbreak. In addition, poorer health indicators and COVID-19 infection concerns predicted diminished psychological functioning. The crucial factor promoting good psychological functioning during the COVID-19 pandemics was resilience, additionally buffering against detrimental effects of demographic and health-related variables on mental health and perceived stress. While previous research suggests that mental health problems increase during pandemics, one way to prevent these problems and bolster psychological functioning is to build individuals’ resilience. The interventions should be targeted particularly at younger adults, women, less educated people, and individuals who subjectively perceive their health to be rather poor.


id: cord-260629-ml1qjipn
author: Kopelovich, Sarah L.
date: 2020-06-19
txt: ./txt/cord-260629-ml1qjipn.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-260629-ml1qjipn.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32562033/
doi: 10.1007/s10597-020-00662-z
summary:
  These include offering a spectrum of options for remote and in-person care, greater integration of behavioral and physical healthcare, prevention of viral exposure, increased collaborative decision-making related to long-acting injectable and clozapine use, modifying safety plans and psychiatric advance directives to include new technologies and broader support systems, leveraging natural supports, and integration of digital health interventions. Outreach teams should meet outside the residence in well-ventilated areas, to visually assess how the person is doing, present as a familiar and comforting supportive social visit, model and reinforce behaviors, deliver medications, and provide an in-person demonstration of how to use smartphones or other devices to engage in e-mental health. Several targets for assessment and treatment should be prioritized for both new and existing clients, including safety assessment and management, psychological and pharmacotherapeutic strategies to manage psychiatric symptoms and co-occurring substance use disorders, assessment and management of physical health, and augmenting care by enlisting natural supports and employing asynchronous digital health interventions.

title:
  Community Mental Health Care Delivery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Practical Strategies for Improving Care for People with Serious Mental Illness

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a formidable challenge to care continuity for community mental health clients with serious mental illness and for providers who have had to quickly pivot the modes of delivering critical services. Despite these challenges, many of the changes implemented during the pandemic can and should be maintained. These include offering a spectrum of options for remote and in-person care, greater integration of behavioral and physical healthcare, prevention of viral exposure, increased collaborative decision-making related to long-acting injectable and clozapine use, modifying safety plans and psychiatric advance directives to include new technologies and broader support systems, leveraging natural supports, and integration of digital health interventions. This paper represents the authors’ collaborative attempt to both reflect the changes to clinical practice we have observed in CMHCs across the US during this pandemic and to suggest how these changes can align with best practices identified in the empirical literature.


id: cord-261558-szll3znw
author: Serrano-Ripoll, M. J.
date: 2020-11-06
txt: ./txt/cord-261558-szll3znw.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-261558-szll3znw.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.03.20225102v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.11.03.20225102
summary:
  However, their effectiveness in this specific context and population is largely unknown: As observed by a recent review 19 , only 27% of the studies about mental health apps to assist HCW during COVID-19 included empirical evaluation of the reported interventions. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.03.20225102 doi: medRxiv preprint these exceptional circumstances, we received funding to develop and evaluate a CBT and mindfulness-based intervention using an mHealth, to protect mental health of Spanish HCWs attending the COVID-19 emergency. Each section contains multiple modules, covering the following areas: i) monitoring mental health status; ii) educational materials about psychological symptoms (e.g. anxiety, worry, irritability, mood, stress, moral distress, etc.); iii) practical tips to manage pandemic-related stressors (e.g., is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint

title:
  Effect of a Mobile-based Intervention on Mental Health in Frontline Healthcare Workers Against COVID-19: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

abstract:
  Aim: To evaluate the impact of a psychoeducational, mobile health intervention based on cognitive behavioural therapy and mindfulness-based approaches on the mental health of healthcare workers at the frontline against COVID-19 in Spain. Design: We will carry out a two-week, individually randomised, parallel group, controlled trial. Participants will be individually randomised to receive the PsyCovidApp intervention or control App intervention. Methods: The PsyCovidApp intervention will include five modules: emotional skills, lifestyle behaviour, work stress and burnout, social support, and practical tools. Healthcare workers having attended COVID-19 patients will be randomized to receive the PsyCovidApp intervention (intervention group) or a control App intervention (control group). A total of 440 healthcare workers will be necessary to assure statistical power. Measures will be collected telephonically by a team of psychologists at baseline and immediately after the two weeks intervention period. Measures will include stress, depression and anxiety (DASS-21 questionnaire - primary endpoint), insomnia (ISI), burnout (MBI-HSS), post-traumatic stress disorder (DTS), and self-efficacy (GSE). The study was funded in May 2020, and was ethically approved in June 2020. Trial participants, outcome assessors and data analysts will be blinded to group allocation. Discussion: Despite the increasing use of mobile health interventions to deliver mental health care, this area of research is still on its infancy. This study will help increase the scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of this type of intervention on this specific population and context. Impact: Despite the lack of solid evidence about their effectiveness, mobile-based health interventions are already being widely implemented because of their low cost and high scalability. The findings from this study will help health services and organizations to make informed decisions in relation to the development and implementation of this type of interventions, allowing them pondering not only their attractive implementability features, but also empirical data about its benefits.


id: cord-261938-ls363vud
author: Khan, Farah
date: 2020-08-22
txt: ./txt/cord-261938-ls363vud.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-261938-ls363vud.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32968603/
doi: 10.7759/cureus.9944
summary:
  In assessing medical fitness and healthcare mediations for refugees and migrant children, special consideration should be given to certain areas such as their distinct history, whether they are with their family or separated or unaccompanied, and whether they have been peddled or have been left behind. Children''s right to medical care is guaranteed by all the world leaders and Member States of the WHO European Region and is compiled in the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), a convention guaranteeing the highest attainable standard of healthcare and treatment of illness and rehabilitation of the refugee, migrant, and asylum-seeking children similar to the children native to the host country [3] . A study reports of unaccompanied refugee and migrant children who were arriving in Germany with multidrug-resistant bacteria colonization at higher rates, and other records of a surge of measles, which is vaccine-preventable, have also been seen in asylum-seeking juveniles [14, 15] .

title:
  Refugee and Migrant Children’s Mental Healthcare: Serving the Voiceless, Invisible, and the Vulnerable Global Citizens

abstract:
  Millions of children are on the run worldwide, with many unaccompanied children and adolescents undertaking risky journeys to flee war, adverse circumstances, and political persecution. The grueling journey and multiple stressors faced by the refugee children, both accompanied and unaccompanied during the pre-migration, migration, and in the country of destination, increase their risk for psychiatric disorders and other medical conditions. Unaccompanied refugee migrant children have higher prevalence of mental health disorders than accompanied refugee peers. Long after reaching the host country, the refugee, migrant, and asylum-seeking juveniles continue to face adversities in the form of acculturation. In assessing medical fitness and healthcare mediations for refugees and migrant children, special consideration should be given to certain areas such as their distinct history, whether they are with their family or separated or unaccompanied, and whether they have been peddled or have been left behind.


id: cord-264233-0nyzwb44
title: Pandemic, panic, and psychiatrists - what should be done before, during, and after COVID-19?
author: Das, Nileswar
date: 2020-06-15
txt: ./txt/cord-264233-0nyzwb44.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-264233-0nyzwb44.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102206
doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102206
abstract: nan
summary:
  Not only individuals with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 but several other vulnerable groups (e.g. health care workers, persons with mental illness etc.), despite remaining uninfected, will continue to suffer from psychological infirmity.  Public awarenessproviding the right health information is vital during this time of crisis -(i) to address hand hygiene and safe physical distancing, (ii) to reduce panic J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f shopping and hoarding of medical equipment (e.g. masks, hand-sanitizer, antibiotics), (iii) to follow the national lockdown to avoid widespread community transmission, (iv) to maintain adequate mental and physical wellbeing and (v) misinformation restriction to avoid chaotic and stressed environments in the country (Bhatia, 2020) , (Sharma et al., 2020) . Psychiatrists and other mental health professionals need to step up, utilizing ''all-out'' resources to prevent a post-COVID-19 mental-illness pandemic. The Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 and Physical Distancing: The Need for Prevention and Early Intervention


id: cord-266051-my2wj1uu
author: Sheridan Rains, Luke
date: 2020-08-17
txt: ./txt/cord-266051-my2wj1uu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-266051-my2wj1uu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32804258/
doi: 10.1007/s00127-020-01924-7
summary:
  • Effects on people with mental health problems resulting from infection control measures, including potential impacts of social isolation, and lack of access to usual supports, activities and community resources [8] . We aim to begin addressing this by searching for and summarising relevant material in the public domain early in the pandemic, including accounts published by people with relevant lived experience, practitioners, mental health organisations and policy makers, and also by journalists who have investigated experiences and perspectives of service users, carers and service providers. Our aim was to conduct a document analysis to create an initial mapping and synthesis of reports, from a number of perspectives, on the early impacts of and responses to the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health care and people with mental health conditions.

title:
  Early impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health care and on people with mental health conditions: framework synthesis of international experiences and responses

abstract:
  PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has many potential impacts on people with mental health conditions and on mental health care, including direct consequences of infection, effects of infection control measures and subsequent societal changes. We aimed to map early impacts of the pandemic on people with pre-existing mental health conditions and services they use, and to identify individual and service-level strategies adopted to manage these. METHODS: We searched for relevant material in the public domain published before 30 April 2020, including papers in scientific and professional journals, published first person accounts, media articles, and publications by governments, charities and professional associations. Search languages were English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, and Mandarin Chinese. Relevant content was retrieved and summarised via a rapid qualitative framework synthesis approach. RESULTS: We found 872 eligible sources from 28 countries. Most documented observations and experiences rather than reporting research data. We found many reports of deteriorations in symptoms, and of impacts of loneliness and social isolation and of lack of access to services and resources, but sometimes also of resilience, effective self-management and peer support. Immediate service challenges related to controlling infection, especially in inpatient and residential settings, and establishing remote working, especially in the community. We summarise reports of swiftly implemented adaptations and innovations, but also of pressing ethical challenges and concerns for the future. CONCLUSION: Our analysis captures the range of stakeholder perspectives and experiences publicly reported in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in several countries. We identify potential foci for service planning and research. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00127-020-01924-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


id: cord-271115-3nhbzybq
title: Policy brief on climate change and mental health/well-being
author: Liu, Jianghong
date: 2020-09-04
txt: ./txt/cord-271115-3nhbzybq.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-271115-3nhbzybq.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2020.06.003
doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2020.06.003
summary:
  Nurses must advocate for research, education, and policies that support disaster-resilient infrastructure and human services that allow communities across the globe to effectively mitigate the impact of climate change on human health. While research continues to emerge, current evidence suggests that a wide range of serious physical and mental health consequences, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicide and/or suicidal thoughts, result from exposure to climate-related disasters Clayton, Manning, Krygsman, & Speiser, 2017) . Some examples of adaptive strategies include providing counseling (Hayes, Blashki, Wiseman, Burke, & Reifels, 2018) , advocating for removal of barriers in access and cost to mental health care in insurance plans (Rowan, McAlpine, & Blewett, 2013) , and conducting more research on existing populations of individuals who have been affected by climate change (Hayes et al., 2018) .

abstract:
  Climate change has a significant global impact on individuals’ mental health and well-being. However, global health systems are inadequately prepared to address this issue. Studies indicate that climate events such as floods, droughts, tornados, earthquakes, and fires not only exacerbate chronic mental illness, but also impact well-being causing anxiety, stress, and in the worst case, suicide. The World Health Organization estimates that 12.6 million preventable deaths per year can be attributed to environmental factors, all of which are exacerbated by climate change, and an additional 250,000 deaths per year are projected between 2030 and 2050. Nurses must advocate for research, education, and policies that support disaster-resilient infrastructure and human services that allow communities across the globe to effectively mitigate the impact of climate change on human health.


id: cord-273918-knlc3bxh
author: Holmes, Emily A
date: 2020-04-15
txt: ./txt/cord-273918-knlc3bxh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-273918-knlc3bxh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32304649/
doi: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30168-1
summary:
  1,2 Furthermore, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, might infect the brain or trigger immune responses that have additional adverse effects on brain function and mental health in patients with Research funders and researchers must deploy resources to understand the psychological, social, and neuroscientific effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. We use the term mental health sciences to reflect the many different disciplines, including, but not limited to, psychology, psychiatry, clinical medicine, behavioural and social sciences, and neuroscience, that will need to work together in a multidisciplinary fashion together with people with lived experience of mental health issues or COVID-19 to address these research priorities.

title:
  Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science

abstract:
  The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having a profound effect on all aspects of society, including mental health and physical health. We explore the psychological, social, and neuroscientific effects of COVID-19 and set out the immediate priorities and longer-term strategies for mental health science research. These priorities were informed by surveys of the public and an expert panel convened by the UK Academy of Medical Sciences and the mental health research charity, MQ: Transforming Mental Health, in the first weeks of the pandemic in the UK in March, 2020. We urge UK research funding agencies to work with researchers, people with lived experience, and others to establish a high level coordination group to ensure that these research priorities are addressed, and to allow new ones to be identified over time. The need to maintain high-quality research standards is imperative. International collaboration and a global perspective will be beneficial. An immediate priority is collecting high-quality data on the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic across the whole population and vulnerable groups, and on brain function, cognition, and mental health of patients with COVID-19. There is an urgent need for research to address how mental health consequences for vulnerable groups can be mitigated under pandemic conditions, and on the impact of repeated media consumption and health messaging around COVID-19. Discovery, evaluation, and refinement of mechanistically driven interventions to address the psychological, social, and neuroscientific aspects of the pandemic are required. Rising to this challenge will require integration across disciplines and sectors, and should be done together with people with lived experience. New funding will be required to meet these priorities, and it can be efficiently leveraged by the UK's world-leading infrastructure. This Position Paper provides a strategy that may be both adapted for, and integrated with, research efforts in other countries.


id: cord-274996-fk510s1v
author: Babatunde, Gbotemi Bukola
date: 2020-10-02
txt: ./txt/cord-274996-fk510s1v.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-020-00406-2
doi: 10.1186/s13033-020-00406-2
summary:
  The participants include stakeholders from the Departments of Health (DoH), Basic Education (DBE), community-based/non-governmental organizations and caregivers of children receiving CAMH care. These multiple stakeholders, particularly teachers and caregivers (parents, grandparents, foster parents and other family members), are perceived to be active gatekeepers to CAMH care, given their vital role in identifying and seeking help for children and adolescents with mental (behavioural, emotional, social and developmental) disorders. Service providers who helped to identify and refer children and adolescents potentially requiring mental health care were situated at different levels of the community, health and education systems, and included nurses in clinics, social workers in the communities, educators, learner support agents and school health nurses in schools. A senior mental health professional highlighted that the psychologists are mostly the first point of contact for children and adolescents with CAMH conditions within the hospital (most of the referrals from the schools are addressed to them) and they refer them to the appropriate specialists for cases in need of more specialized interventions.

title:
  Stakeholders'' perceptions of child and adolescent mental health services in a South African district: a qualitative study

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: In order to develop a district child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) plan, it is vital to engage with a range of stakeholders involved in providing CAMH services, given the complexities associated with delivering such services. Hence this study sought to explore multisectoral dynamics in providing CAMH care in one resource-constrained South African district as a case study, towards informing the development of a model for district mental health plan and generating lessons for mental health systems strengthening to support CAMH services using the Health Systems Dynamics (HSD) framework. HSD provides a suitable structure for analysing interactions between different elements within the health system and other sectors. METHODS: Purposive sampling of 60 key informants was conducted to obtain an in-depth understanding of various stakeholders' experiences and perceptions of the available CAMH services in the district. The participants include stakeholders from the Departments of Health (DoH), Basic Education (DBE), community-based/non-governmental organizations and caregivers of children receiving CAMH care. The data was categorized according to the elements of the HSD framework. RESULTS: The HSD framework helped in identifying the components of the health systems that are necessary for CAMH service delivery. At a district level, the shortage of human resources, un-coordinated CAMH management system, lack of intersectoral collaboration and the low priority given to the CAMH system negatively impacts on the service providers' experiences of providing CAMH services. Services users' experiences of access to available CAMH services was negatively impacted by financial restrictions, low mental health literacy and stigmatization. Nevertheless, the study participants perceived the available CAMH specialists to be competent and dedicated to delivering quality services but will benefit from systems strengthening initiatives that can expand the workforce and equip non-specialists with the required skills, resources and adequate coordination. CONCLUSIONS: The need to develop the capacity of all the involved stakeholders in relation to CAMH services was imperative in the district. The need to create a mental health outreach team and equip teachers and caregivers with skills required to promote mental wellbeing, promptly identify CAMH conditions, refer appropriately and adhere to a management regimen was emphasized.


id: cord-277717-q6jbu0r3
author: Alonso, J.
date: 2020-10-30
txt: ./txt/cord-277717-q6jbu0r3.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-277717-q6jbu0r3.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.27.20220731
doi: 10.1101/2020.10.27.20220731
summary:
  Methods: All workers in 18 healthcare institutions (6 AACC) in Spain were invited to a series of online surveys assessing a wide range of individual characteristics, COVID-19 infection status and exposure, and mental health status. Adjusting for all other variables, odds of any disabling mental disorder were: prior lifetime disorders (TUS: OR=5.74; 95%CI 2.53-13.03; Mood: OR=3.23; 95%CI:2.27-4.60; Anxiety: OR=3.03; 95%CI:2.53-3.62); age category 18-29 years (OR=1.36; 95%CI:1.02-1.82), caring "all of the time" for COVID-19 patients (OR=5.19; 95%CI: 3.61-7.46), female gender (OR=1.58; 95%CI: 1.27-1.96) and having being in quarantine or isolated (OR= 1.60; 95CI:1.31-1.95). Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses including studies on health care workers have documented that the first wave of the COVID-19 was associated with an increase of symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and burnout, as well as other adverse psychosocial outcomes. Notwithstanding the limitations, our study shows a high prevalence of current mental disorders among Spanish healthcare workers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, with 1 in 7 presenting a disabling mental disorder.

title:
  Mental Health Impact of the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic on Spanish Healthcare Workers: a Large Cross-sectional Survey

abstract:
  Introduction: Healthcare workers are vulnerable to adverse mental health impacts of COVID-19. We assessed prevalence of mental disorders and associated factors during the first wave of the pandemic among healthcare professionals in Spain. Methods: All workers in 18 healthcare institutions (6 AACC) in Spain were invited to a series of online surveys assessing a wide range of individual characteristics, COVID-19 infection status and exposure, and mental health status. Here we report: current mental disorders (Major Depressive Disorder-MDD- [PHQ-8 [≥] 10], Generalized Anxiety Disorder-GAD- [GAD-7 [≥] 10], Panic attacks, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder -PTSD- [PCL-5 [≥] 7]; and Substance Use Disorder -SUD-[CAGE-AID[≥]2]. Severe disability assessed by the Sheehan Disability Scale was used to identify "disabling" current mental disorders. Results: 9,138 healthcare workers participated. Prevalence of screen-positive disorder: 28.1% MDD; 22.5% GAD, 24.0% Panic; 22.2% PTSD; and 6.2% SUD. Overall 45.7% presented any current and 14.5% any disabling current mental disorder. Healthcare workers with prior lifetime mental disorders had almost twice the prevalence of current disorders than those without. Adjusting for all other variables, odds of any disabling mental disorder were: prior lifetime disorders (TUS: OR=5.74; 95%CI 2.53-13.03; Mood: OR=3.23; 95%CI:2.27-4.60; Anxiety: OR=3.03; 95%CI:2.53-3.62); age category 18-29 years (OR=1.36; 95%CI:1.02-1.82), caring "all of the time" for COVID-19 patients (OR=5.19; 95%CI: 3.61-7.46), female gender (OR=1.58; 95%CI: 1.27-1.96) and having being in quarantine or isolated (OR= 1.60; 95CI:1.31-1.95). Conclusions: Current mental disorders were very frequent among Spanish healthcare workers during the first wave of COVID-19. As the pandemic enters its second wave, careful monitoring and support is needed for healthcare workers, especially those with previous mental disorders and those caring COVID-19 very often.


id: cord-284890-s73hljz9
author: Kang, Lijun
date: 2020-03-30
txt: ./txt/cord-284890-s73hljz9.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-284890-s73hljz9.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028
doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028
summary:
  title: Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study The severe 2019 outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which was first reported in Wuhan, would be expected to impact the mental health of local medical and nursing staff and thus lead them to seek help. In addition, to reduce the psychological damage of COVID-19 among medical and nursing staff, mental health workers in Wuhan are also taking action by establishing psychological intervention teams and providing a range of psychological services, including providing psychological brochures, counseling and psychotherapy (Kang et al., 2020) . The questionnaire consists of six parts: basic demographic data, mental health assessment, risks of direct and indirect exposure to COVID-19, mental healthcare services accessed, psychological needs, and self-perceived health status compared to that before the COVID-19 outbreak.

title:
  Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study

abstract:
  The severe 2019 outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which was first reported in Wuhan, would be expected to impact the mental health of local medical and nursing staff and thus lead them to seek help. However, those outcomes have yet to be established using epidemiological data. To explore the mental health status of medical and nursing staff and the efficacy, or lack thereof, of critically connecting psychological needs to receiving psychological care, we conducted a quantitative study. This is the first paper on the mental health of medical and nursing staff in Wuhan. Notably, among 994 medical and nursing staff working in Wuhan, 36.9% had subthreshold mental health disturbances (mean PHQ-9: 2.4), 34.4% had mild disturbances (mean PHQ-9: 5.4), 22.4% had moderate disturbances (mean PHQ-9: 9.0), and 6.2% had severe disturbance (mean PHQ-9: 15.1) in the immediate wake of the viral epidemic. The noted burden fell particularly heavily on young women. Of all participants, 36.3% had accessed psychological materials (such as books on mental health), 50.4% had accessed psychological resources available through media (such as online push messages on mental health self-help coping methods), and 17.5% had participated in counseling or psychotherapy. Trends in levels of psychological distress and factors such as exposure to infected people and psychological assistance were identified. Although staff accessed limited mental healthcare services, distressed staff nonetheless saw these services as important resources to alleviate acute mental health disturbances and improve their physical health perceptions. These findings emphasize the importance of being prepared to support frontline workers through mental health interventions at times of widespread crisis.


id: cord-287684-z3l9tsir
author: Johnson, Sonia
date: 2020-08-28
txt: ./txt/cord-287684-z3l9tsir.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-287684-z3l9tsir.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-020-01927-4
doi: 10.1007/s00127-020-01927-4
summary:
  Our aim was to inform further research and service responses by conducting, in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, a survey of the perspectives and experiences of staff working in inpatient and community settings across the UK health and social care sectors.

title:
  Impact on mental health care and on mental health service users of the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed methods survey of UK mental health care staff

abstract:
  PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has potential to disrupt and burden the mental health care system, and to magnify inequalities experienced by mental health service users. METHODS: We investigated staff reports regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in its early weeks on mental health care and mental health service users in the UK using a mixed methods online survey. Recruitment channels included professional associations and networks, charities, and social media. Quantitative findings were reported with descriptive statistics, and content analysis conducted for qualitative data. RESULTS: 2,180 staff from a range of sectors, professions, and specialties participated. Immediate infection control concerns were highly salient for inpatient staff, new ways of working for community staff. Multiple rapid adaptations and innovations in response to the crisis were described, especially remote working. This was cautiously welcomed but found successful in only some clinical situations. Staff had specific concerns about many groups of service users, including people whose conditions are exacerbated by pandemic anxieties and social disruptions; people experiencing loneliness, domestic abuse and family conflict; those unable to understand and follow social distancing requirements; and those who cannot engage with remote care. CONCLUSION: This overview of staff concerns and experiences in the early COVID-19 pandemic suggests directions for further research and service development: we suggest that how to combine infection control and a therapeutic environment in hospital, and how to achieve effective and targeted tele-health implementation in the community, should be priorities. The limitations of our convenience sample must be noted. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00127-020-01927-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


id: cord-291735-b6dksrbx
title: The impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on people with severe mental illness
author: Sukut, Ozge
date: 2020-09-19
txt: ./txt/cord-291735-b6dksrbx.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-291735-b6dksrbx.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12618
doi: 10.1111/ppc.12618
summary:
  CONCLUSION: Given the psychosocial effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic process and the vulnerability of individuals with mental illness, it is clear that some preventive measures will increase the well‐being of these individuals and reduce relapses. Ignoring the effect of the outbreak on people with mental illness will not only inhibit the measures taken to prevent further spread of COVID-19, but also increase existing health inequalities. The individual with severe mental illness are more sensitive against infection for various reasons such as decreasing cognitive ability and awareness of self-care, using medication continuously and limited conditions in psychiatry clinics. 8 This can lead to an increase the risk of infection, including pneumonia, in individuals with mental health illness. Prevention measures such as isolation and quarantine can lead to fear, anxiety, and uncertainty for patients, causing to increase the diseases related with stress and at the same time it can cause exacerbation of pre-existing mental disorders.

abstract:
  PURPOSE: The purpose of this review was to address the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on people with severe mental illness. CONCLUSION: Given the psychosocial effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic process and the vulnerability of individuals with mental illness, it is clear that some preventive measures will increase the well‐being of these individuals and reduce relapses. Careful planning and execution of preventive measures to be taken at the individual, institutional, and social level are essential to minimize the negative consequences of this pandemic for this vulnerable population. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The results of this first review on the topic provide preliminary support for effectively address the needs and healthcare necessities of individuals with serious mental illness by raising awareness among healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic.


id: cord-291753-9p5ppawn
author: Winhusen, Theresa
date: 2020-10-04
txt: ./txt/cord-291753-9p5ppawn.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376871620304907?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108325
summary:
  The CTH intervention seeks to facilitate widespread implementation of three evidence-based practices (EBPs) with the potential to reduce opioid-involved overdose fatalities: overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND), effective delivery of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), and safer opioid analgesic prescribing. In order to promote OEND, effective delivery of MOUD, and safer opioid prescribing the study team developed an approach to EBP implementation with utility for all participating communities, which vary widely in their current EBP implementation, access to resources including needed workforce, and perceived acceptability of various EBPs. This paper describes the framework developed to guide EBP selection and implementation strategies contained in the Opioid-overdose Reduction Continuum of Care Approach. Telemedicine models for buprenorphine treatment already existed (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2018), but guidance from the US Drug Enforcement Agency, SAMHSA, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and state regulatory agencies changed rapidly ; Opioid Response Network, 2020; Providers Clinical Support System, 2020a; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2020c) to allow greater flexibility of MOUD treatment via telemedicine during the pandemic.

title:
  The Opioid-overdose Reduction Continuum of Care Approach (ORCCA): Evidence-based Practices in the HEALing Communities Study

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The number of opioid-involved overdose deaths in the United States remains a national crisis. The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) will test whether Communities That HEAL (CTH), a community-engaged intervention, can decrease opioid-involved deaths in intervention communities (n = 33), relative to wait-list communities (n = 34), from four states. The CTH intervention seeks to facilitate widespread implementation of three evidence-based practices (EBPs) with the potential to reduce opioid-involved overdose fatalities: overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND), effective delivery of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), and safer opioid analgesic prescribing. A key challenge was delineating an EBP implementation approach useful for all HCS communities. METHODS: A workgroup composed of EBP experts from HCS research sites used literature reviews and expert consensus to: 1) compile strategies and associated resources for implementing EBPs primarily targeting individuals 18 and older; and 2) determine allowable community flexibility in EBP implementation. The workgroup developed the Opioid-overdose Reduction Continuum of Care Approach (ORCCA) to organize EBP strategies and resources to facilitate EBP implementation. CONCLUSIONS: The ORCCA includes required and recommended EBP strategies, priority populations, and community settings. Each EBP has a “menu” of strategies from which communities can select and implement with a minimum of five strategies required: one for OEND, three for MOUD, and one for prescription opioid safety. Identification and engagement of high-risk populations in OEND and MOUD is an ORCCArequirement. To ensure CTH has community-wide impact, implementation of at least one EBP strategy is required in healthcare, behavioral health, and criminal justice settings, with communities identifying particular organizations to engage in HCS-facilitated EBP implementation.


id: cord-293427-hwkmvo4p
author: Zhang, Li
date: 2020-10-27
txt: ./txt/cord-293427-hwkmvo4p.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-293427-hwkmvo4p.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00626-8
doi: 10.1186/s12992-020-00626-8
summary:
  CONCLUSION: This study detected the psychological typhoon eye effect and demonstrated the mediating role of coping efficacy and perceived threat between exposure to COVID-19 and mental health problems. According to protection motivation theory, we hypothesized that the association between the exposure level during the COVID-19 epidemic and mental health problems was mediated by both individuals'' perceived threat of COVID-19 risk and their coping efficacy (see Fig. 1 ). This hypothesis is based on the fact that numerous studies have indicated Fig. 1 Proposed model of exposure level, risk perception and mental health problems that self-efficacy is an effective factor to cope with a crisis and buffer psychological distress [34] . Overall, this study confirmed the psychological typhoon eye effect during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China and demonstrated the mediating role of coping efficacy and perceived threat between exposure to COVID-19 and mental health problems.

title:
  The psychological typhoon eye effect during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: the role of coping efficacy and perceived threat

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The influence of COVID-19 on mental health problems has received considerable attention. However, only a few studies have examined the relationship between exposure to COVID-19 and mental health problems, and no empirical study has tested the mechanisms between them. METHODS: We conducted a survey in 31 provinces of China during 3–13 March 2020 to test the effect of the exposure level on mental health problems. Our sample comprised 2987 participants who reported their perceived threat, coping efficacy, mental health problems and other demographic variables. Multiple mediators path analysis was used in the data analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that the level of exposure to COVID-19 in China was negatively associated with mental health problems, which confirmed the “Psychological Typhoon Eye” effect. Further analyses indicated that both perceived threat and coping efficacy partially mediated the relationship between them. However, coping efficacy explained the “Psychological Typhoon Eye” effect. Perceived threat mediated the positive relationship between exposure level and mental health problems. CONCLUSION: This study detected the psychological typhoon eye effect and demonstrated the mediating role of coping efficacy and perceived threat between exposure to COVID-19 and mental health problems. Our findings suggest that policy makers and psychological workers should provide enough psychological services to low-risk areas as the high-risk areas. An important means of alleviating mental health problems is to improve coping efficacy.


id: cord-296422-5lsyh6s5
author: Purgato, Marianna
date: 2020-08-03
txt: ./txt/cord-296422-5lsyh6s5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-296422-5lsyh6s5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32744223/
doi: 10.1017/s204579602000061x
summary:
  People living in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) are exposed to a constellation of stressors that make them vulnerable to developing psychological symptoms and/or mental disorders, and a large gap between individuals in need of care and those who actually receive evidence-based interventions still exists (World Health Organization, 2010 , 2015 . This new conceptualisation emphasised the importance of mental health promotion and prevention interventions, aimed at reducing the likelihood of future disorders with the general population or with people who are identified as being at risk of a disorder (Tol et al., 2015) . In addition, treatment interventions may include broader interventions sometimes delivered by PHWs or CWs (and sometimes by specialist psychiatric nurses) such as training in self-help interventions, informal support, transdiagnostic psychosocial support (individualised plan addressing social and emotional functioning and problems) and high-risk individual identification which may be particularly relevant to those who have detectable subthreshold signs and symptoms of mental illness (van Ginneken et al., 2013) .

title:
  Promotion, prevention and treatment interventions for mental health in low- and middle-income countries through a task-shifting approach

abstract:
  Recently, mental health and ill health have been reframed to be seen as a continuum from health to ill health, through the stages of being asymptomatic ‘at risk’, to experiencing ‘mental distress’, ‘sub-syndromal symptoms’ and finally ‘mental disorders’. This new conceptualisation emphasised the importance of mental health promotion and prevention interventions, aimed at reducing the likelihood of future disorders with the general population or with people who are identified as being at risk of a disorder. This concept generated discussion on the distinction between prevention and treatment interventions, especially for those mental health conditions which lie between psychological distress and a formal psychiatric diagnosis. The present editorial aims to clarify the definition of promotion, prevention and treatment interventions delivered through a task-shifting approach according to a global mental health perspective.


id: cord-297509-9f9azbjn
title: Refugee mental health research: challenges and policy implications
author: Chaplin, Lucia
date: 2020-09-03
txt: ./txt/cord-297509-9f9azbjn.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-297509-9f9azbjn.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32880249/
doi: 10.1192/bjo.2020.90
summary:
  It points to the growing body of evidence that can be called on in advocating for systemic change in government policy and mental health services, with significant support for a sensitive and objective inquisitorial approach to gathering evidence in support of asylum claims. The world currently hosts the highest number of refugees since the Second World War. With nearly 80 million forcibly displaced, 26 million of whom hold refugee status, 1 the needs of refugees and asylum seekers have become an increasing concern for mental health services. Their work indicates that mental illness is common among forced migrant populations and adds to the body of evidence that can be called on in advocating for systemic change in government policy and mental health services. Personal narratives, vulnerabilities, barriers to access and cultural perspectives on mental illness have been recognised as some of the difficulties in this field of research, particularly among refugees and asylum seekers.

abstract:
  Mental illness is common among forced migrant populations, and ongoing mental illness can hinder refugees’ ability to negotiate the asylum process. This editorial rehearses the challenges of undertaking research among forced migrant populations, exploring how they could be addressed in future research, and outlines differences between forced migrant groups. It points to the growing body of evidence that can be called on in advocating for systemic change in government policy and mental health services, with significant support for a sensitive and objective inquisitorial approach to gathering evidence in support of asylum claims.


id: cord-300229-9qh7efs4
title: Psychological Intervention and COVID-19: What We Know So Far and What We Can Do
author: Inchausti, Felix
date: 2020-05-27
txt: ./txt/cord-300229-9qh7efs4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-300229-9qh7efs4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-020-09460-w
doi: 10.1007/s10879-020-09460-w
summary:
  The coronavirus COVID-19 and the global pandemic has already had a substantial disruptive impact on society, posing major challenges to the provision of mental health services in a time of crisis, and carrying the spectre of an increased burden to mental health, both in terms of existing psychiatric disorder, and emerging psychological distress from the pandemic. These are (i) healthcare workers engaged in frontline response to the pandemic and their patients; (ii) individuals who will experience the emergence of new mental health distress as a function of being diagnosed with COVID-19, or losing family and loved ones to the illness, or the psychological effects of prolonged social distancing; and (iii) individuals with existing mental health conditions who are either diagnosed with COVID-19 or whose experience of social distancing exacerbates existing vulnerabilities.

abstract:
  The coronavirus COVID-19 and the global pandemic has already had a substantial disruptive impact on society, posing major challenges to the provision of mental health services in a time of crisis, and carrying the spectre of an increased burden to mental health, both in terms of existing psychiatric disorder, and emerging psychological distress from the pandemic. In this paper we provide a framework for understanding the key challenges for psychologically informed mental health care during and beyond the pandemic. We identify three groups that can benefit from psychological approaches to mental health, and/or interventions relating to COVID-19. These are (i) healthcare workers engaged in frontline response to the pandemic and their patients; (ii) individuals who will experience the emergence of new mental health distress as a function of being diagnosed with COVID-19, or losing family and loved ones to the illness, or the psychological effects of prolonged social distancing; and (iii) individuals with existing mental health conditions who are either diagnosed with COVID-19 or whose experience of social distancing exacerbates existing vulnerabilities. Drawing on existing literature and our own experience of adapting treatments to the crisis we suggest a number of salient points to consider in identifying risks and offering support to all three groups. We also offer a number of practical and technical considerations for working psychotherapeutically with existing patients where COVID-19 restrictions have forced a move to online or technologically mediated delivery of psychological interventions.


id: cord-301479-dc1oyftd
title: Global Health: Chronic Diseases and Other Emergent Issues in Global Health
author: Koehlmoos, Tracey Pérez
date: 2011-09-30
txt: ./txt/cord-301479-dc1oyftd.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-301479-dc1oyftd.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21896363/
doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2011.05.008
summary:
  This article discusses emergent issues in global health related to noncommunicable diseases and conditions, with focus on defining the unique epidemiologic features and relevant programmatic, health systems, and policy responses concerning noncommunicable chronic diseases, mental health, accidents and injuries, urbanization, climate change, and disaster preparedness. Trying to offer an in-depth discussion on such a wide range of issues in just one article is clearly not possible, and therefore focus and emphasis is given to defining the unique epidemiologic features and relevant programmatic, health systems, and policy responses concerning noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs), mental health, accidents and injuries, urbanization, climate change, and disaster preparedness. 1, 11 Low-income and middle-income countries have developed their health provision and policies according to a primary care or Alma Ata model, focused on meeting the needs of pregnant women and children younger than 5 years, and developing services for a variety of high-impact communicable diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria.

abstract:
  Infectious diseases have had a decisive and rapid impact on shaping and changing health policy. Noncommunicable diseases, while not garnering as much interest or importance over the past 20 years, have been affecting public health around the world in a steady and critical way, becoming the leading cause of death in developed and developing countries. This article discusses emergent issues in global health related to noncommunicable diseases and conditions, with focus on defining the unique epidemiologic features and relevant programmatic, health systems, and policy responses concerning noncommunicable chronic diseases, mental health, accidents and injuries, urbanization, climate change, and disaster preparedness.


id: cord-304510-sfhwaqfr
author: Henssler, Jonathan
date: 2020-10-06
txt: ./txt/cord-304510-sfhwaqfr.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-304510-sfhwaqfr.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-020-01196-x
doi: 10.1007/s00406-020-01196-x
summary:
  It has been suggested that vulnerable populations at risk for negative psychological outcomes before implementation of containment strategies, e.g. persons with mental illness, low income, or lack of social network, may be at particular greater risk during and after quarantine or isolation [4] . We, therefore, conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the mental health effects of quarantine and isolation, based on controlled primary study data. For isolated/quarantined individuals, dissatisfaction with containment measures, supply, or the relationship to healthcare-personnel was associated with higher levels of anxiety and anger [13] , stress-related disorders/PTSD (2 studies [8, 14] ) and lower general mental health [8] . Large groups of the general population may be affected, but individuals who are already facing psychosocial adversities before quarantine or isolation (including persons with low income, lack of social networks, or mental health problems) appear to be among those vulnerable groups at greatest risk for negative psychological outcomes.

title:
  Mental health effects of infection containment strategies: quarantine and isolation—a systematic review and meta-analysis

abstract:
  Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, an unprecedented number of people worldwide is currently affected by quarantine or isolation. These measures have been suggested to negatively impact on mental health. We conducted the first systematic literature review and meta-analysis assessing the psychological effects in both quarantined and isolated persons compared to non-quarantined and non-isolated persons. PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase databases were searched for studies until April 22, 2020 (Prospero Registration-No.: CRD42020180043). We followed PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines for data extraction and synthesis and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for assessing risk of bias of included studies. A random-effects model was implemented to pool effect sizes of included studies. The primary outcomes were depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders. All other psychological parameters, such as anger, were reported as secondary outcomes. Out of 6807 screened articles, 25 studies were included in our analyses. Compared to controls, individuals experiencing isolation or quarantine were at increased risk for adverse mental health outcomes, particularly after containment duration of 1 week or longer. Effect sizes were summarized for depressive disorders (odds ratio 2.795; 95% CI 1.467–5.324), anxiety disorders (odds ratio 2.0; 95% CI 0.883–4.527), and stress-related disorders (odds ratio 2.742; 95% CI 1.496–5.027). Among secondary outcomes, elevated levels of anger were reported most consistently. There is compelling evidence for adverse mental health effects of isolation and quarantine, in particular depression, anxiety, stress-related disorders, and anger. Reported determinants can help identify populations at risk and our findings may serve as an evidence-base for prevention and management strategies. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00406-020-01196-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


id: cord-309764-nxbadlal
title: Understanding the Experience of an Extreme Event: A Personal Reflection
author: Moon, Katie
date: 2020-06-19
txt: ./txt/cord-309764-nxbadlal.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-309764-nxbadlal.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590332220302141
doi: 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.05.009
summary:
  Mental models, which include our assumptions about how the world works, influence how we experience extreme events, such as the Australian bushfires. Here, I use my personal experiences to explore these phenomena and offer a research pathway to help us ''''make sense'''' of extreme events through an understanding of mental models. I interpreted their online warnings as a message: ''''Make no assumptions about the certainty and security of your world; do not assume that the world as you know it will be the world as it is.'''' In conversation with others in my community, we feel that transformations of our mental models as a result of the fires have somehow made us more prepared for the social-economic changes that have accompanied the COVID-19 pandemic. 9 By extending our research to explore how people''s mental models shift and transform as a result of extreme events, we can support individuals and communities more effectively in their preparation and, crucially, their recovery.

abstract:
  Mental models, which include our assumptions about how the world works, influence how we experience extreme events, such as the Australian bushfires. In turn, they can be altered by those experiences. Understanding (changes to) our mental models can help communities plan for, and recover from, extreme events.


id: cord-310121-npt8i9bc
title: If not now, when?
author: Poole, Norman A.
date: 2020-03-27
txt: ./txt/cord-310121-npt8i9bc.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-310121-npt8i9bc.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjb.2020.37
doi: 10.1192/bjb.2020.37
summary:
  Mental health professionals are at the front line of managing the pandemic and emergency changes should lead to a much needed refocus on what is really vital. We learned that the liaison psychiatry service, led by the unflappable Marcus Hughes, had split into red and green teams; the former working exclusively in the new COVID-19 unit. We heard how our in-patient colleagues on the mental health wards are also dividing themselves into teams and containing units to mitigate the virus''s spread. 5 We are currently working towards a special edition of the BJPsych Bulletin on the climate crisis and psychiatry, which will highlight the problems and point to some solutions. Later this year, with Peter Byrne''s support, BJPsych Bulletin will publish a themed edition on inequality as a major source of mental disorder. The climate crisis and forensic mental health care: what are we doing?

abstract:
  The editor of the BJPsych Bulletin reflects on the extraordinary recent events triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health professionals are at the front line of managing the pandemic and emergency changes should lead to a much needed refocus on what is really vital. In these unsettling times we ought to review how we manage the crisis, and its aftermath, both personally and professionally.


id: cord-310677-begnpodw
title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study
author: Yeasmin, Sabina
date: 2020-07-29
txt: ./txt/cord-310677-begnpodw.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-310677-begnpodw.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190740920309488?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105277
summary:
  This study aims to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of children aged<15 years during the lockdown in Bangladesh. K-means clustering used to group children according to mental health score and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) performed to identify the relationship among the parental behavior and child mental health, and also these associations were assessed through chi-square test. The chi-square test was used to measure the association of socio-demographic variables, parental behavior towards children, and child mental health scores among the cluster. In this study, children''s mental health (depression, anxiety, and sleeping disorder) scores were classified into four groups: sub-threshold, mild, moderate, and severe disturbance.

abstract:
  COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant mental health threat among children in Bangladesh. This study aims to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of children aged<15 years during the lockdown in Bangladesh. An online cross-sectional study was conducted from 25th April to 9th May 2020 among 384 parents having at least one child aged less than 15 years using non-probability sampling. K-means clustering used to group children according to mental health score and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) performed to identify the relationship among the parental behavior and child mental health, and also these associations were assessed through chi-square test. Children were classified into four groups where 43% of child had subthreshold mental disturbances (mean Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)-10; 2.8), 30.5% had mild (mean MDD-10; 8.9), 19.3% suffered moderately (mean MDD-10; 15.9), and 7.2% of child suffered from severe disturbances (mean MDD-10; 25.2). The higher percentage of mental health disturbances of children with the higher education level of parents, relative infected by COVID-19 (yes), parents still need to go the workplace (yes), and parent’s abnormal behavior but lower to their counterparts. This paper demonstrates large proportions of children are suffering from mental health disturbances in Bangladesh during the period of lockdown. Implementation of psychological intervention strategies and improvement in house-hold financial conditions, literacy of parents, taking care of children, and job security may help in improving the psychological/mental status of children and the authors believe that the findings will be beneficial to accelerate the rate of achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) linked to health status in Bangladesh.


id: cord-315247-86ibo5gn
author: Ćosić, Krešimir
date: 2020-06-17
txt: ./txt/cord-315247-86ibo5gn.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-315247-86ibo5gn.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32643346/
doi: 10.3325/cmj.2020.61.279
summary:
  The article proposes a methodology for prediction of mental health disorders induced by the pandemic, which includes: Phase 1) objective assessment of the intensity of HCWs'' stressor exposure, based on information retrieved from hospital archives and clinical records; Phase 2) subjective self-report assessment of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic experienced by HCWs and their relevant psychological traits; Phase 3) design and development of appropriate multimodal stimulation paradigms to optimally elicit specific neuro-physiological reactions; Phase 4) objective measurement and computation of relevant neuro-physiological predictor features based on HCWs'' reactions; and Phase 5) statistical and machine learning analysis of highly heterogeneous data sets obtained in previous phases.

title:
  Artificial intelligence in prediction of mental health disorders induced by the COVID-19 pandemic among health care workers

abstract:
  The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its immediate aftermath present a serious threat to the mental health of health care workers (HCWs), who may develop elevated rates of anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, or even suicidal behaviors. Therefore, the aim of this article is to address the problem of prevention of HCWs’ mental health disorders by early prediction of individuals at a higher risk of later chronic mental health disorders due to high distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article proposes a methodology for prediction of mental health disorders induced by the pandemic, which includes: Phase 1) objective assessment of the intensity of HCWs’ stressor exposure, based on information retrieved from hospital archives and clinical records; Phase 2) subjective self-report assessment of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic experienced by HCWs and their relevant psychological traits; Phase 3) design and development of appropriate multimodal stimulation paradigms to optimally elicit specific neuro-physiological reactions; Phase 4) objective measurement and computation of relevant neuro-physiological predictor features based on HCWs’ reactions; and Phase 5) statistical and machine learning analysis of highly heterogeneous data sets obtained in previous phases. The proposed methodology aims to expand traditionally used subjective self-report predictors of mental health disorders with more objective metrics, which is aligned with the recent literature related to predictive modeling based on artificial intelligence. This approach is generally applicable to all those exposed to high levels of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and might assist mental health practitioners to make diagnoses more quickly and accurately.


id: cord-316461-bxcsa1h2
title: The COVID-19 Pandemic: Setting the Mental Health Research Agenda
author: Gordon, Joshua A.
date: 2020-05-18
txt: ./txt/cord-316461-bxcsa1h2.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-316461-bxcsa1h2.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.05.012
doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.05.012
abstract: nan
summary:
  These threats include fear of the potential for infection by the virus itself; social isolation and alterations in health-related behaviors caused by mitigation measures aimed at reducing viral transmission; financial insecurity secondary to the economic consequences of the pandemic; and disruption of the healthcare system. Research from past large-scale traumas can inform our knowledge of mental health effects, risk and resilience factors, and effective services and interventions, enabling us to anticipate the likely mental health impacts of the current pandemic. Individuals may be at higher risk of chronicity if they have few social supports, a history of prior trauma, a history of mental illness, were exposed directly to deaths or injuries, had severe acute reactions to the disaster, or are experiencing ongoing stressors (including occupational or financial strain) 2 . Add to these effects the potential negative impact of the economic distress that has accompanied the widespread shutdowns during COVID-19, and the consequences for at-risk individuals may be particularly severe.


id: cord-317441-tnde2jp5
title: Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: Online Survey
author: Jewell, Jennifer S
date: 2020-10-23
txt: ./txt/cord-317441-tnde2jp5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-317441-tnde2jp5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33006939/
doi: 10.2196/22043
summary:
  The current pandemic is likely to be associated with similar mental health outcomes, as a result of potential exposure to stressors including loss of loved ones, economic hardship, social isolation, and childcare responsibilities following school and day care closures. Across numerous studies, social isolation has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality, with an increase in coronary heart disease, stroke, and poor mental health outcomes such as depression and anxiety [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] . The current study examines demographic differences in mental health and well-being outcomes and specific sources of concern that impact these outcomes among a US sample of 1083 adults surveyed between April 7 and June 1, 2020, immediately following business closures and movement restrictions. Based on a review of the limited literature specifically related to the COVID-19 pandemic, Rajkumar [24] found that older adults were at greater risk for mental health concerns [35] .

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has had numerous worldwide effects. In the United States, there have been 8.3 million cases and nearly 222,000 deaths as of October 21, 2020. Based on previous studies of mental health during outbreaks, the mental health of the population will be negatively affected in the aftermath of this pandemic. The long-term nature of this pandemic may lead to unforeseen mental health outcomes and/or unexpected relationships between demographic factors and mental health outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This research focused on assessing the mental health status of adults in the United States during the early weeks of an unfolding pandemic. METHODS: Data was collected from English-speaking adults from early April to early June 2020 using an online survey. The final convenience sample included 1083 US residents. The 71-item survey consisted of demographic questions, mental health and well-being measures, a coping mechanisms checklist, and questions about COVID-19–specific concerns. Hierarchical multivariable logistic regression was used to explore associations among demographic variables and mental health outcomes. Hierarchical linear regression was conducted to examine associations among demographic variables, COVID-19–specific concerns, and mental health and well-being outcomes. RESULTS: Approximately 50% (536/1076) of the US sample was aged ≥45 years. Most of the sample was White (1013/1054, 96%), non-Hispanic (985/1058, 93%), and female (884/1073, 82%). Participants reported high rates of depression (295/1034, 29%), anxiety (342/1007, 34%), and stress (773/1058, 73%). Older individuals were less likely to report depressive symptomology (OR 0.78, P<.001) and anxiety symptomology (OR 0.72, P<.001); in addition, they had lower stress scores (–0.15 points, SE 0.01, P<.001) and increased well-being scores (1.86 points, SE 0.22, P<.001). Individuals who were no longer working due to COVID-19 were 2.25 times more likely to report symptoms of depression (P=.02), had a 0.51-point increase in stress (SE 0.17, P=.02), and a 3.9-point decrease in well-being scores (SE 1.49, P=.009) compared to individuals who were working remotely before and after COVID-19. Individuals who had partial or no insurance coverage were 2-3 times more likely to report depressive symptomology compared to individuals with full coverage (P=.02 and P=.01, respectively). Individuals who were on Medicare/Medicaid and individuals with no coverage were 1.97 and 4.48 times more likely to report moderate or severe anxiety, respectively (P=.03 and P=.01, respectively). Financial and food access concerns were significantly and positively related to depression, anxiety, and stress (all P<.05), and significantly negatively related to well-being (both P<.001). Economy, illness, and death concerns were significantly positively related to overall stress scores (all P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that many US residents are experiencing high stress, depressive, and anxiety symptomatology, especially those who are underinsured, uninsured, or unemployed. Longitudinal investigation of these variables is recommended. Health practitioners may provide opportunities to allay concerns or offer coping techniques to individuals in need of mental health care. These messages should be shared in person and through practice websites and social media.


id: cord-319051-naj1nl9x
title: Perspectivas Internacionales en Salud Mental ante la pandemia por el nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
author: Ibáñez-Vizoso, Jesús E
date: 2020-04-17
txt: ./txt/cord-319051-naj1nl9x.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-319051-naj1nl9x.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32389514/
doi: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.04.002
abstract: nan
summary:
  Algunos estudios han descrito un importante impacto psicológico de estas epidemias sobre la población general, los pacientes y los sanitarios, proponiendo diferentes medidas para garantizar la Salud Mental y evitar la progresión de psicopatología en estas circunstancias 1,2 . Estas epidemias, causadas por otros coronavirus, pueden ofrecer pistas sobre los posibles efectos sobre la Salud Mental de COVID-19 en la población general, entre los pacientes y entre el personal sanitario. La pandemia por COVID-19 también ha requerido la cuarentena de múltiples sujetos expuestos a la infección, con efectos inciertos sobre su Salud Mental. J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f En definitiva, dado el elevado impacto psicosocial de la pandemia por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 es necesario continuar con la implementación y el desarrollo de servicios de Salud Mental en la respuesta sanitaria ante COVID-19.


id: cord-320509-3a40djjm
author: Benke, Christoph
date: 2020-09-18
txt: ./txt/cord-320509-3a40djjm.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-320509-3a40djjm.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178120331231?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113462
summary:
  Specifically, we examined the effects of different forms and levels of restriction resulting from public health measures (e.g. quarantine, stay-at-home order) on anxiety and depression symptomatology, health anxiety, loneliness, the occurrence of fearful spells, psychosocial distress and life-satisfaction. However, studies on the effects of different forms and levels of restrictions resulting from public health measures (e.g., stay-at-home orders, being quarantined or reduction of social contacts) on mental health are scarce. For the first time, this study investigated sociodemographic and COVID-19 related factors and, specifically, the role of such different types of governmentally imposed lockdown measures for depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as other health outcomes across all federal states of Germany. In the present study, we found that a higher level of restrictions due to lockdown measures was associated with more loneliness, higher psychosocial distress and lower life-satisfaction but was not related to anxiety and depressive symptomatology or fearful spells.

title:
  Lockdown, quarantine measures, and social distancing: Associations with depression, anxiety and distress at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic among adults from Germany

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic is suggested to have a negative impact on mental health. To prevent the spread of Sars-CoV-2, governments worldwide have implemented different forms of public health measures ranging from physical distancing recommendations to stay-at-home orders, which have disrupted individuals’ everyday life tremendously. However, evidence on the associations of the COVID-19 pandemic and public health measures with mental health are limited so far. In this study, we investigated the role of sociodemographic and COVID-19 related factors for immediate mental health consequences in a nationwide community sample of adults from Germany (N = 4335). Specifically, we examined the effects of different forms and levels of restriction resulting from public health measures (e.g. quarantine, stay-at-home order) on anxiety and depression symptomatology, health anxiety, loneliness, the occurrence of fearful spells, psychosocial distress and life-satisfaction. We found that higher restrictions due to lockdown measures, a greater reduction of social contacts and greater perceived changes in life were associated with higher mental health impairments. Importantly, a subjectively assumed but not an officially announced stay-at-home order was associated with poorer mental health. Our findings underscore the importance of adequate risk communication and targeted mental health recommendations especially for vulnerable groups during these challenging times.


id: cord-321705-6a7avlro
author: Hou, Tianya
date: 2020-05-29
txt: ./txt/cord-321705-6a7avlro.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-321705-6a7avlro.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32470007/
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233831
summary:
  The current study examined the effect of social support on mental health of health care workers and its underlying mechanisms regarding the mediating role of resilience and moderating role of age during the epidemic. METHODS: Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) were administrated among 1472 health care workers from Jiangsu Province, China during the peak period of COVID-19 outbreak. Thus, the present research employed a sample of Chinese health care workers during COVID-19 outbreak to explore a conceptual model in which, on the one hand, resilience mediated the association between social support and mental health; On the other hand, the indirect relationships between social support and mental health via resilience were moderated by age group. Considering the present study was to compare the indirect effect of social support on mental health via resilience between the young and middle-aged heath care workers, participants aged 50 or over were excluded.

title:
  Social support and mental health among health care workers during Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak: A moderated mediation model

abstract:
  PURPOSES: During the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) all over the world, the mental health conditions of health care workers are of great importance to ensure the efficiency of rescue operations. The current study examined the effect of social support on mental health of health care workers and its underlying mechanisms regarding the mediating role of resilience and moderating role of age during the epidemic. METHODS: Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) were administrated among 1472 health care workers from Jiangsu Province, China during the peak period of COVID-19 outbreak. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the mediation effect of resilience on the relation between social support and mental health, whereas moderated mediation analysis was performed by Hayes PROCESS macro. RESULTS: The findings showed that resilience could partially mediate the effect of social support on mental health among health care workers. Age group moderated the indirect relationship between social support and mental health via resilience. Specifically, compared with younger health care workers, the association between resilience and mental health would be attenuated in the middle-aged workers. CONCLUSIONS: The results add knowledge to previous literature by uncovering the underlying mechanisms between social support and mental health. The present study has profound implications for mental health services for health care workers during the peak period of COVID-19.


id: cord-321749-mf821b1p
title: Mental health rescue effects of women''s outdoor tourism: A role in COVID-19 recovery
author: Buckley, Ralf
date: 2020-10-20
txt: ./txt/cord-321749-mf821b1p.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-321749-mf821b1p.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.103041
doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2020.103041
summary:
  Mental and social health outcomes from a portfolio of women''s outdoor tourism products, with ~100,000 clients, are analysed using a catalysed netnography of >1000 social media posts. Therefore, this approach is a reliable first step in assessing mental and social health benefits achieved through participation in nature-based outdoor tourism. That previous analysis indicated that mental health outcomes of outdoor tourism could be classified into short-term emotional responses, medium term stress-recovery effects, and longer-term worldview changes (Buckley, 2020) . They also demonstrate, for the first time, that commercial nature tourism can create therapeutic effects such as psychological rescue, recognition of previously missing life components, and flow-on to family members, which are key aims of clinical mental health treatments such as chemotherapies and counselling (Bourdon, El-Baalbaki, Girard, Lapointe-Blackburn, & Guay, 2019; Lee, Bullock, & Hoy, 2016; Mueser et al., 2007; Swan, Keen, Reynolds, & Onwumere, 2017) .

abstract:
  Mental and social health outcomes from a portfolio of women's outdoor tourism products, with ~100,000 clients, are analysed using a catalysed netnography of >1000 social media posts. Entirely novel outcomes include: psychological rescue; recognition of a previously missing life component, and flow-on effects to family members. Outcomes reported previously for extreme sports, but not previously for hiking in nature, include psychological transformation. Outcomes also identified previously include: happiness, gratitude, relaxation, clarity and insights, nature appreciation, challenge and capability, and companionship and community effects. Commercial outdoor tourism enterprises can contribute powerfully to the wellbeing of women and families. This will be especially valuable for mental health recovery, following deterioration during COVID-19 coronavirus lockdowns worldwide.


id: cord-325844-w0zqxwdh
author: Kanekar, Amar
date: 2020-09-12
txt: ./txt/cord-325844-w0zqxwdh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-325844-w0zqxwdh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32932613/
doi: 10.3390/healthcare8030336
summary:
  Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have provided some guidelines to reduce stress and initiate coping [9] , the need of the hour seems to be planning and having resources and techniques for long-term mental health flourishing and better emotional health management. Although there is enough evidence-based literature on the application of positive mental health techniques at individual level for stress reduction or life fulfillment, its application in a pandemic scenario is minimally explored [17, 18] . There are several determinants of positive mental health such as hardiness, sense of coherence, social support, optimism, and self-esteem [36] that are important in the context of COVID-19.

title:
  COVID-19 and Mental Well-Being: Guidance on the Application of Behavioral and Positive Well-Being Strategies

abstract:
  The raging COVID-19 pandemic has been a great source of anxiety, distress, and stress among the population. Along with mandates for social distancing and infection control measures, the growing importance of managing and cultivating good mental well-being practices cannot be disregarded. The purpose of this commentary is to outline and discuss some research-proven positive well-being and stress reduction strategies to instill healthy coping mechanisms among individuals and community members. The authors anticipate that usage of these strategies at the individual and the community level should greatly benefit the mental well-being not only in the current COVID-19 pandemic but also in any future epidemics at the national level.


id: cord-326574-ke0iktly
title: Digital Health Solutions for Mental Health Disorders During COVID-19
author: Chew, Alton Ming Kai
date: 2020-09-09
txt: ./txt/cord-326574-ke0iktly.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-326574-ke0iktly.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.582007
doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.582007
abstract: nan
summary:
  In the context of the ongoing pandemic, several potential applications of these tools have emerged, such as predicting outbreaks of COVID-19 based on historic travel data and public health capacity (22) . Direct potential applications of OHCs for patients at-risk of mental health disorders include lowering the barrier to access care and support for stigmatized illnesses such as anxiety and depression, by allowing patients to seek initial medical advice anonymously (43) . The pyramid base catering to the needs of the general population could include screening tools such as big data systems and/or OHCs to actively identify and/or engage at-risk individuals without pre-existing mental health disorders, as well as provide tele-support services to reduce risk of progression in patients with mental health disorders (49) .


id: cord-326693-tbv1yja9
author: Arslan, Gökmen
date: 2020-11-03
txt: ./txt/cord-326693-tbv1yja9.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-326693-tbv1yja9.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33169074/
doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00416-8
summary:
  Further, correlation analysis was performed to investigate the association between variables, indicating that meaning in life was positively and significantly correlated with life satisfaction (r = .58, p < .001), positive feelings (r = .42, p < .001), and emotional (r = .46, p < .001), social (r = .50, p < .001), and psychological well-being (r = .61, p < .001), ranging from moderate to large effect sizes. Subsequently, meaning in life had significant and strong predictive effects on positive mental health indicators, ranging from .25 to 44 effect sizes: emotional (β = .50, t = 9.18, p < .001), social (β = 54, t = 9.82, p < .001), and psychological well-being (β = 66, t = 12.21, p < .001). Findings of the study additionally showed that meaning in life positively and significantly predicted positive mental health including emotional well-being, social well-being, and psychological well-being. The current study focused on meaning in life, subjective well-being, and some indicators of positive mental health (emotional well-being, social well-being, and psychological well-being) and of negative mental health (depression, anxiety, and somatization).

title:
  Meaningful Living to Promote Complete Mental Health Among University Students in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

abstract:
  Maintaining positive mental health can be challenging during the COVID-19 pandemic which undoubtedly caused devastating consequences on people’s lives. There is need to determine factors contributing to mental health of people during the pandemic. The current study aims to examine the effect of meaning in life on complete mental health, which represents the presence of positive functioning and the absence of psychopathological symptoms. The participants of the study included 392 (70.9% female) undergraduate students, ranging in age from 18 to 43 years (M = 20.67 years, SD = 3.66) and they have predominantly been imposed stay-at-home orders for coronavirus right after announcement of COVID-19 restrictions in Turkey. Latent variable path analyses demonstrated significant paths from meaning in life to all components of psychological distress, positive mental health, and subjective well-being. Multi-group analysis showed significant gender differences across the study variables. These findings corroborate the critical role of meaning in life in promoting complete mental health and shed further light on why people high in meaning in life tend to have better mental health than those low in meaning in life within the context of COVID-19.


id: cord-327976-pwe95zoi
author: Singh, Dr Shweta
date: 2020-08-24
txt: ./txt/cord-327976-pwe95zoi.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-327976-pwe95zoi.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S016517812031725X
doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113429
summary:
  This paper is aimed at reviewing articles related to mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns. Aims: This paper is aimed at narratively reviewing various articles related to mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and enforcement of nationwide or regional lockdowns to prevent further spread of infection. Aims: This paper is aimed at narratively reviewing various articles related to mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and enforcement of nationwide or regional lockdowns to prevent further spread of infection. The following sections discuss about findings of studies on mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns being implemented at national or regional levels to prevent further spread of infection. Recommendations for ensuring mental well-being of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown and the role of parents, teachers, pediatricians, community volunteers, the health system and policy makers are being discussed.

title:
  Impact of COVID-19 and Lockdown on Mental Health of Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Review with Recommendations.

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown has brought about a sense of fear and anxiety around the globe. This phenomenon has led to short term as well as long term psychosocial and mental health implications for children and adolescents. The quality and magnitude of impact on minors is determined by many vulnerability factors like developmental age, educational status, pre-existing mental health condition, being economically underprivileged or being quarantined due to infection or fear of infection. AIMS: This paper is aimed at narratively reviewing various articles related to mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and enforcement of nationwide or regional lockdowns to prevent further spread of infection. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a review and collected articles and advisories on mental health aspects of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. We selected articles and thematically organized them. We put up their major findings under the thematic areas of impact on young children, school and college going students, children and adolescents with mental health challenges, economically underprivileged children, impact due to quarantine and separation from parents and the advisories of international organizations. We have also provided recommendations to the above. CONCLUSION: There is a pressing need for planning longitudinal and developmental studies, and implementing evidence based elaborative plan of action to cater to the psycho social and mental health needs of the vulnerable children and adolescents during pandemic as well as post pandemic. There is a need to ameliorate children and adolescents’ access to mental health support services geared towards providing measures for developing healthy coping mechanisms during the current crisis. For this innovative child and adolescent mental health policies policies with direct and digital collaborative networks of psychiatrists, psychologists, paediatricians, and community volunteers are deemed necessary.


id: cord-330849-yt44k88m
title: Planning for Mental Health Needs During COVID-19
author: Han, Rachel H.
date: 2020-10-08
txt: ./txt/cord-330849-yt44k88m.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-330849-yt44k88m.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33030637/
doi: 10.1007/s11920-020-01189-6
summary:
  The purpose of this article, written from the perspective of military medical planners, is to present available data on the prevalence of specific mental health concerns and conditions from previous recent pandemics and COVID-19, as well as to provide data-informed recommendations for meeting the psychological needs of affected individuals. A combination of the following keywords in the title and/or abstract was used in searches of literature on the Southeast Asian Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), H1N1 influenza (H1N1), Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Ebola, and COVID-19 pandemics: mental health OR mental illness OR psychiatry OR psychology OR therapist OR PTSD OR posttraumatic OR post-traumatic stress disorder OR behavioral health OR anxiety [disorder] OR GAD OR depression/depressed OR complex grief AND data analysis OR statistic* OR prevalence OR percentage OR increase OR decrease.

abstract:
  PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The ability to effectively prepare for and respond to the psychological fallout from large-scale disasters is a core competency of military mental health providers, as well as civilian emergency response teams. Disaster planning should be situation specific and data driven; vague, broad-spectrum planning can contribute to unprepared mental health teams and underserved patient populations. Herein, we review data on mental health sequelae from the twenty-first century pandemics, including SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19), and offer explanations for observed trends, insights regarding anticipated needs, and recommendations for preliminary planning on how to best allocate limited mental health resources. RECENT FINDINGS: Anxiety and distress, often attributed to isolation, were the most prominent mental health complaints during previous pandemics and with COVID-19. Additionally, post-traumatic stress was surprisingly common and possibly more enduring than depression, insomnia, and alcohol misuse. Predictions regarding COVID-19’s economic impact suggest that depression and suicide rates may increase over time. SUMMARY: Available data suggest that the mental health sequelae of COVID-19 will mirror those of previous pandemics. Clinicians and mental health leaders should focus planning efforts on the negative effects of isolation, particularly anxiety and distress, as well as post-traumatic stress symptoms.


id: cord-331338-oegiq363
title: Solving the global challenge of adolescent mental ill-health
author: Cluver, Lucie
date: 2020-06-23
txt: ./txt/cord-331338-oegiq363.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-331338-oegiq363.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2352464220302054
doi: 10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30205-4
abstract: nan
summary:
  As the authors discuss, 1 the booklets are likely to have been an active intervention, especially in low-resourced settings where adolescents were receiving no other mental health support. The study also shows the effectiveness of transdiagnostic approaches and common design principles in adolescent mental health, supporting the validity of moving beyond narrower diagnostic criteria to achieve wider reach without sacrificing clinical value. Sustainability and scaling up might require new research and testing of the effects of low-cost mental health interventions across Sustainable Development Goal outcomes beyond health, such as school achievement, employment, and gender equality. This study, and the wider programme of research that it is part of, are important steps to reaching adolescent mental health-care provision at scale. Effectiveness of a brief lay counsellordelivered, problem-solving intervention for adolescent mental health problems in urban, low-income schools in India: a randomised controlled trial Development of a transdiagnostic, low-intensity, psychological intervention for common adolescent mental health problems in Indian secondary schools


id: cord-332579-7950xjmv
author: Aravena, J. M.
date: 2020-06-07
txt: ./txt/cord-332579-7950xjmv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-332579-7950xjmv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20122812
doi: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20122812
summary:
  title: ''Drawing on Wisdom to Cope with Adversity:'' A Systematic Review Protocol of Older Adults'' Mental and Psychosocial Health During Acute Respiratory Disease Propagated-Type Epidemics and Pandemics (COVID-19, SARS-CoV, MERS, and Influenza). Eligibility criteria: quantitative and qualitative studies evaluating mental illness, wellbeing, or psychosocial health outcomes associated with respiratory propagated epidemics and pandemics exposure or periods (COVID-19, SARS-CoV, MERS, and Influenza) in people 65 years or older. In this context, and considering the increasing number of COVID-19 related articles, a systematic review targeted to older people mental health considering a full-range of neuropsychiatric, psychiatric, psychosocial, and wellbeing parameters associated with the infection or the contextual impacts related to acute respiratory disease propagated-type epidemics and pandemics, contrasting the results among groups seems pertinent and necessary to fully understand the response and experiences of older adults and other age groups in the context of pandemics.

title:
  ''Drawing on Wisdom to Cope with Adversity:'' A Systematic Review Protocol of Older Adults'' Mental and Psychosocial Health During Acute Respiratory Disease Propagated-Type Epidemics and Pandemics (COVID-19, SARS-CoV, MERS, and Influenza).

abstract:
  Background: Mental health has become one of the fundamental priorities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Situations like physical distancing as well as being constantly tagged as the most vulnerable group could expose older adults to mental and psychosocial burdens. Nonetheless, there is little clarity about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or similar pandemics in the past on the mental illness, wellbeing, and psychosocial health of the older population compared to other age groups. Objectives: To describe the patterns of older adults' mental and psychosocial health related to acute respiratory disease propagated-type epidemics and pandemics and to evaluate the differences with how other age groups respond. Eligibility criteria: quantitative and qualitative studies evaluating mental illness, wellbeing, or psychosocial health outcomes associated with respiratory propagated epidemics and pandemics exposure or periods (COVID-19, SARS-CoV, MERS, and Influenza) in people 65 years or older. Data source: Original articles published until June 1st, 2020, in any language searched in the electronic healthcare and social sciences database: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, WHO Global literature on coronavirus disease database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure ( - CNKI). Furthermore, EPPI Centre's COVID-19 living systematic map and the publicly available publication list of the COVID-19 living systematic review will be incorporated for preprints and recent COVID-19 publications. Data extraction: Two independent reviewers will extract predefined parameters. The risk of bias will be assessed. Data synthesis: Data synthesis will be performed according to study type and design, type of epidemic and pandemic, types of outcomes (mental health and psychosocial outcomes), and participant characteristics (e.g., sex, race, age, socioeconomic status, food security, presence of dependency in daily life activities independent/dependent older adults). Comparison between sex, race, and other age groups will be performed qualitatively, and quantitatively if enough data is available. The risk of bias and study heterogeneity will be reported for quantitative studies. Conclusion: This study will provide information to take actions to address potential mental health difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults and to understand responses on this age group. Furthermore, it will be useful to identify potential groups that are more vulnerable or resilient to the mental-health challenges of the current worldwide pandemic.


id: cord-333187-8p61xten
author: Norr, Aaron M.
date: 2020-08-17
txt: ./txt/cord-333187-8p61xten.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-333187-8p61xten.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0165178120312804
doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113394
summary:
  This study evaluated the Cognitive Anxiety Sensitivity Treatment (CAST), a previously developed computerized treatment that has shown efficacy in community samples for mental health symptoms including: anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, and suicidal ideation. Study aims were to: (1) collect user feedback from Veterans regarding the acceptability/usability of CAST and potential areas of improvement for use with Veterans, and; (2) investigate the preliminary efficacy of CAST in reducing mental health symptoms (anxiety, depression, and PTSD) among Veterans enrolled in VA primary care. After informed consent, participants completed baseline self-report measures that assessed demographics, current and past mental health treatment, as well as symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Results from the current study suggest that the single-session CAST program could be an acceptable, effective, and efficient way to provide evidence-based mental health care to VA primary care patients.

title:
  Pilot Trial of a Transdiagnostic Computerized Anxiety Sensitivity Intervention Among VA Primary Care Patients

abstract:
  People in need of mental health treatment do not access care at high rates or in a timely manner, inclusive of Veterans at Department of Veteran's Affairs (VA) medical centers. Barriers to care have been identified, and one potential solution is the use of technology-based interventions within primary care. This study evaluated the Cognitive Anxiety Sensitivity Treatment (CAST), a previously developed computerized treatment that has shown efficacy in community samples for mental health symptoms including: anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, and suicidal ideation. VA primary care patients with elevated anxiety sensitivity (N = 25) were recruited to participate in a mixed-method open pilot to examine acceptability, usability, and preliminary effectiveness in a VA primary care setting. Participants completed an initial visit, that included the intervention, and a one-month follow-up. Veterans found CAST to be generally acceptable, with strong usability ratings. Qualitative analyses identified areas of strength and areas for improvement for use with VA primary care Veterans. Repeated measures ANCOVAs revealed significant effects for symptoms of anxiety, depression, traumatic-stress, and suicidal ideation. CAST could potentially have a large public health impact if deployed across VA medical centers as a first-step intervention for a range of mental health presenting concerns.


id: cord-333701-zefd3yw5
author: Fang, Min
date: 2020-06-25
txt: ./txt/cord-333701-zefd3yw5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-333701-zefd3yw5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876201820303774?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102265
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: A mental health workforce crisis in China: A pre-existing treatment gap coping with the COVID-19 pandemic challanges On top of the large pre-existing treatment gap, China might face a mental health workforce crisis. Since 2010, the Chinese government began to prioritize mental health infrastructure development due to a high burden of mental disorders and gap in available services. For example, since 2009, the central government has directly invested 10.59 billion yuan (USD 1.57 billion), and the civil affairs department invested 2.8 billion yuan(USD 0.41 billion) aiming to build new or expand existing hospitals to achieve full coverage of mental health services in each prefecture-level city. Also, only a small number of economically welldeveloped areas in China have social workers serving mental health patients. China has made progress mostly in the medical care of severe mental disorders in hospitals.

title:
  A mental health workforce crisis in China: A pre-existing treatment gap coping with the COVID-19 pandemic challanges


id: cord-334522-gi7zj70m
title: Can a ‘second disaster’ during and after the COVID-19 pandemic be mitigated?
author: Gersons, Berthold P. R.
date: 2020-09-23
txt: ./txt/cord-334522-gi7zj70m.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-334522-gi7zj70m.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33062215/
doi: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1815283
summary:
  Lessons from past disasters suggest that communities and their leaders, as well as mental healthcare providers, need to pay attention to fear regarding the ongoing threat, as well as sadness and grief, and to provide hope to mitigate social disruption. For people experiencing the loss of loved ones or economic Needs of the population amid the pandemic Actions required by authorities and experts to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 Sense of safety Immediate actions of public health measures to limit the spread of the infection Delivery of reliable information for the general population and various groups about the disease Effective resourcing of required medical equipment Calming Active communication and constant explanation of the actions needed to contain the spread of the infection to the population Compassion of authorities towards victims and various groups affected by the pandemic Sense of self-and collective efficacy

abstract:
  In most disasters that have been studied, the underlying dangerous cause does not persist for very long. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic a progressively emerging life threat remains, exposing everyone to varying levels of risk of contracting the illness, dying, or infecting others. Distancing and avoiding company have a great impact on social life. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has an enormous economic impact for many losing work and income, which is even affecting basic needs such as access to food and housing. In addition, loss of loved ones may compound the effects of fear and loss of resources. The aim of this paper is to distil, from a range of published literature, lessons from past disasters to assist in mitigating adverse psychosocial reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic. European, American, and Asian studies of disasters show that long-term social and psychological consequences of disasters may compromise initial solidarity. Psychosocial disruptions, practical and financial problems, and complex community and political issues may then result in a ‘second disaster’. Lessons from past disasters suggest that communities and their leaders, as well as mental healthcare providers, need to pay attention to fear regarding the ongoing threat, as well as sadness and grief, and to provide hope to mitigate social disruption.


id: cord-335549-fzusgbww
title: Acute mental health responses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia
author: Newby, J.
date: 2020-05-08
txt: ./txt/cord-335549-fzusgbww.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-335549-fzusgbww.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.03.20089961
doi: 10.1101/2020.05.03.20089961
summary:
  Self-report questionnaires examined COVID-19 fears and behavioural responses to COVID-19, as well as the severity of psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress), health anxiety, contamination fears, alcohol use, and physical activity. Demographic (e.g., non-binary or different gender identity; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status), occupational (e.g., being a carer or stay at home parent), and psychological (e.g., perceived risk of contracting COVID-19) factors were associated with distress. People with a previous self-reported mental health diagnosis reported higher uncertainty, loneliness, 269 financial worries, COVID-19 fears (self and others), believed they were more likely to contract 270 had lower perceived behavioural control, had higher rates of psychological distress, health anxiety and 271 contamination fears, and lower physical activity than those without a self-reported mental health diagnosis 272 history. Having a personal history of chronic illness was a consistent predictor of higher depression, 366 anxiety and stress, whereas better self-rated health was associated with better mental health.

abstract:
  The acute and long-term mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are unknown. The current study examined the acute mental health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in 5070 adult participants in Australia, using an online survey administered during the peak of the outbreak in Australia (27th March to 7th April 2020). Self-report questionnaires examined COVID-19 fears and behavioural responses to COVID-19, as well as the severity of psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress), health anxiety, contamination fears, alcohol use, and physical activity. 78% of respondents reported that their mental health had worsened since the outbreak, one quarter (25.9%) were very or extremely worried about contracting COVID-19, and half (52.7%) were worried about family and friends contracting COVID-19. Uncertainty, loneliness and financial worries (50%) were common. Rates of elevated psychological distress were higher than expected, with 62%, 50%, and 64% of respondents reporting elevated depression, anxiety and stress levels respectively, and one in four reporting elevated health anxiety in the past week. Participants with self-reported history of a mental health diagnosis had significantly higher distress, health anxiety, and COVID-19 fears than those without a prior mental health diagnosis. Demographic (e.g., non-binary or different gender identity; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status), occupational (e.g., being a carer or stay at home parent), and psychological (e.g., perceived risk of contracting COVID-19) factors were associated with distress. Results revealed that precautionary behaviours (e.g., washing hands, using hand sanitiser, avoiding social events) were common, although in contrast to previous research, higher engagement in hygiene behaviours was associated with higher stress and anxiety levels. These results highlight the serious acute impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of respondents, and the need for proactive, accessible digital mental health services to address these mental health needs, particularly for those most vulnerable, including people with prior history of mental health problems. Longitudinal research is needed to explore long-term predictors of poor mental health from the COVID-19 pandemic.


id: cord-337816-ivj1imsk
title: Empowering global mental health in the time of Covid19
author: Patel, Vikram
date: 2020-05-20
txt: ./txt/cord-337816-ivj1imsk.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-337816-ivj1imsk.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102160
doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102160
abstract: nan
summary:
  The impressive body of evidence generated by global mental health researchers has generated a range of innovative strategies aimed at addressing the structural barriers to the scaling up of psychosocial therapies, notably the demonstration that pared down ''elements'' of complex psychological treatments packages can be just as effective as standardized treatment protocols (for e.g. behavioural activation for depression, compared with cognitive behaviour treatments); that providers can be trained to learn a library of such ''elements'' targeting specific types of mental health experiences (for example, mood problems, anxiety problems, trauma related problems) and to use simple decision making algorithms to ''match'' patients'' problems with specific treatments elements; that one does not require a formal diagnosis to trigger care, greatly simplifying the dissemination of effective treatments; that these pared down treatments elements and trans-diagnostic protocols can be effectively delivered by non-specialist "therapists", such as community health workers; that these delivery models are highly acceptable to consumers; show recovery rates comparable to specialist care models, and economic analyses show they are excellent value for money (Kohrt et al., 2018; Singla et al., 2017) .


id: cord-338033-pl5hyzwp
author: Carbone, Stephen R.
date: 2020-05-15
txt: ./txt/cord-338033-pl5hyzwp.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-338033-pl5hyzwp.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32566473/
doi: 10.1016/j.mhp.2020.200185
summary:
  Over the weeks, months and years ahead it is likely that many countries will experience a ''wave'' of COVID19 related mental disorders as a result of an increase in risk factors linked to the pandemic such as social isolation; child-maltreatment; intimate partner violence; unemployment; housing and income stress; workplace trauma; and grief and loss. A focus on primary prevention is particularly important to ''flatten the curve'' and avoid a surge in incidence of mental disorders stemming from the COVID19 pandemic. Wide-scale use of evidence-based preventive interventions that address the risk factors that are escalating due to the pandemic, including social isolation; child-maltreatment; intimate partner violence; unemployment; financial and housing stress; work-related trauma; and grief and loss will be needed. Skills-building programs that enable children and young people to acquire the social and emotional skills that contribute to resilience, mental wellbeing, and a reduced risk of mental disorders also need to be scaled-up.

title:
  Flattening the mental ill-health curve: the importance of primary prevention in managing the mental health impacts of COVID19

abstract:
  The COVID19 pandemic is one the biggest challenges the global community has faced. The threat of the virus coupled with the impacts of the social and economic shut-down measures required to slow its spread, already appear to be impacting on people's mental health and wellbeing. Over the weeks, months and years ahead it is likely that many countries will experience a ‘wave’ of COVID19 related mental disorders as a result of an increase in risk factors linked to the pandemic such as social isolation; child-maltreatment; intimate partner violence; unemployment; housing and income stress; workplace trauma; and grief and loss. The ‘two-pronged’ approach used to deal with COVID19, provides an excellent blueprint for managing its mental health impacts as well. Nations must focus on preventing the occurrence of new cases of mental disorders as well as strengthening their mental healthcare response to support people who become mentally unwell. A focus on primary prevention is particularly important to ‘flatten the curve’ and avoid a surge in incidence of mental disorders stemming from the COVID19 pandemic. Many evidence-based interventions designed to prevent common disorders are already available and should be scaled-up. These interventions include parenting programs, social and emotional learning programs, self-care strategies, and workplace mental wellbeing programs, among others.


id: cord-339380-1gq9wy32
title: What should be done to support the mental health of healthcare staff treating COVID-19 patients?
author: Tracy, Derek K.
date: 2020-05-19
txt: ./txt/cord-339380-1gq9wy32.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-339380-1gq9wy32.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.109
doi: 10.1192/bjp.2020.109
summary:
  There is an urgent need to provide evidence-based well-being and mental health support for front-line clinical staff managing the COVID-19 pandemic who are at risk of moral injury and mental illness. This editorial describes the evidence base for optimising staff support and how healthcare systems such as the National Health Service (NHS) can practically implement such approaches. Although there is no evidence to support more generalised post-incident organisational screening, experienced welfare-focused staff with training in predisposing risk factors and developing signs of mental illness can be utilised to help identify individuals appearing to be developing difficulties and to appropriately follow them up, for example at the end of a shift. Moral injury and the development of mental illness are very real risks for staff working in unprecedented scenarios often well outside their ordinary levels of experience and training. This editorial provides an evidence-based model of support and care for staff and managers in these environments.

abstract:
  There is an urgent need to provide evidence-based well-being and mental health support for front-line clinical staff managing the COVID-19 pandemic who are at risk of moral injury and mental illness. We describe the evidence base for a tiered model of care, and practical steps on its implementation.


id: cord-343073-lwbddab2
author: Antiporta, D. A.
date: 2020-07-18
txt: ./txt/cord-343073-lwbddab2.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-343073-lwbddab2.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.16.20155630
doi: 10.1101/2020.07.16.20155630
summary:
  The pandemic has generated specific needs that require appropriate actions including implementing virtual based interventions, bolstering community-based mental health networks, and integrating MHPSS in high-level mechanisms guiding the response to COVID-19. Outpatient services challenges included the limited capacity of health services to use virtual/telemedicine platforms to provide care to specific populations, i.e., elderly people, and indigenous communities, or to disseminate key messages and relevant information through mass media. The pandemic has generated specific needs that require appropriate actions including: implementing virtual based interventions, orienting capacity building towards protection of users and health providers, strengthening evidence-driven decision making and integrating MHPSS in high-level mechanisms guiding the response to COVID-19. The pandemic has generated specific needs that require appropriate actions including: implementing virtual based interventions, orienting capacity building towards protection of users and health providers, strengthening evidence-driven decision making and integrating MHPSS in high-level mechanisms guiding the response to COVID-19.

title:
  Emerging Mental Health Challenges, Strategies and Opportunities in the context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from South American Decision-makers.

abstract:
  Background Mental health awareness has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although international guidelines address the mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) response to emergencies, regional recommendations on COVID-19 are still insufficient. We identified emerging mental health problems, strategies to address them, and opportunities to reform mental health systems during the COVID-19 pandemic in South America. Methods An anonymous online questionnaire was sent to mental health decision-makers of Ministries of Health in 10 South American countries in mid-April 2020. The semi-structured questionnaire had 12 questions clustered into 3 main sections: emerging challenges in mental health, current and potential strategies to face the pandemic, and, key elements for mental health reform. We identified keywords and themes for each section through summative content analysis. Findings An increasing mental health burden and emerging needs are arising as direct and indirect consequences of the pandemic among health care providers and the general population. National lockdowns challenge the delivery and access to mental health treatment and care. Strategies to meet these health needs rely heavily on timely and adequate responses by strengthened mental health governance and systems, availability of services, virtual platforms, and appropriate capacity building for service providers. Short- and medium-term strategies focused on bolstering community-based mental health networks and telemedicine for high-risk populations. Opportunities for long-term mental health reform entail strengthening legal frameworks, redistribution of financial resources and collaboration with local and international partners. Interpretation Mental health and psychosocial support have been identified as a priority area by South American countries in the COVID-19 response. The pandemic has generated specific needs that require appropriate actions including: implementing virtual based interventions, orienting capacity building towards protection of users and health providers, strengthening evidence-driven decision making and integrating MHPSS in high-level mechanisms guiding the response to COVID-19. Funding None.


id: cord-343559-kjuc3nqa
author: Asiamah, Nestor
date: 2020-10-08
txt: ./txt/cord-343559-kjuc3nqa.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-343559-kjuc3nqa.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33033971/
doi: 10.1007/s10597-020-00722-4
summary:
  title: Short-Term Changes in Behaviors Resulting from COVID-19-Related Social Isolation and Their Influences on Mental Health in Ghana Findings indicate that reduced physical activity time and a change in sexual activity and smoking frequency are some short-term changes in behavior resulting from social isolation during the lockdown. We are, therefore, of the view that social isolation necessitated by a COVID-19-related lockdown would not only cause fear and panic in the short-term but could also lead to anxiety and consequently a decline in mental health in the general population. Our investigation was based on this primary research question: Do changes in behaviors due to COVID-19 social distancing measures have a significant influence on mental health? This study focused on possible short-term changes in behaviors resulting from COVID-19-related social isolation or fears. For the most part, changes in behaviors in the short-term attributable to COVID-19 social isolation were associated with lower mental health scores.

title:
  Short-Term Changes in Behaviors Resulting from COVID-19-Related Social Isolation and Their Influences on Mental Health in Ghana

abstract:
  This study assessed the behavioral outcomes of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) social distancing protocols and their influences on mental health. An online survey hosted by Survey Monkey was utilized to collect data from residents of three Ghanaian cities of Accra, Kumasi and Tamale. A total of 621 surveys were analyzed, with a sensitivity analysis utilized to select covariates for the regression model. The average age of participants was about 36 years. Findings indicate that reduced physical activity time and a change in sexual activity and smoking frequency are some short-term changes in behavior resulting from social isolation during the lockdown. An increase in sedentary behavior had a negative influence on mental health. For the most part, changes in behaviors in the short-term were associated with lower mental health scores. The study implied that COVID-19 social distancing measures should be implemented alongside public education for discouraging unhealthy changes in behaviors.


id: cord-344584-t421g3zc
title: COVID-19 and mental health: How one pandemic can reveal another
author: Swendsen, Joel
date: 2020-09-15
txt: ./txt/cord-344584-t421g3zc.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-344584-t421g3zc.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589979120300408
doi: 10.1016/j.jbct.2020.08.001
summary:
  The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected individuals with mental disorders, and revealed fundamental flaws in how vulnerable persons are treated in the context of such crises. As mental disorders are now the single greatest cause of disability, we have reached the point where the tremendous personal and societal costs associated with these conditions can no longer be ignored. The epidemiologic studies with the highest rates (notably including the National Comorbidity Survey, or NCS) were also those that took steps to overcome biases leading to the under-reporting of disorder prevalence. With one in every two individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for a mental disorder at some point, these results reveal the staggering magnitude of the mental health crisis. Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV drug abuse and dependence in the United States: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication -Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A)

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected individuals with mental disorders, and revealed fundamental flaws in how vulnerable persons are treated in the context of such crises. Much of this difficulty may be attributed to ignorance of the prevalence, severity and economic burden associated with these conditions, as well as to enduring inequalities in how physical illness is treated in comparison to mental illness. As mental disorders are now the single greatest cause of disability, we have reached the point where the tremendous personal and societal costs associated with these conditions can no longer be ignored. Dramatic changes are needed to replace the slow, incremental efforts that most often characterize public health policy. Such changes can no longer wait for the national or international-level solutions that were once hoped, but they may be just as effective through the use of new technologies, grass-roots organization, and initiatives on a local scale.


id: cord-345065-5520ckdr
author: Maalouf, Fadi T.
date: 2020-10-28
txt: ./txt/cord-345065-5520ckdr.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-345065-5520ckdr.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.10.018
doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.10.018
summary:
  title: Mental health research in response to the COVID-19, Ebola, and H1N1, outbreaks: a comparative bibliometric analysis The objective of this study is to use bibliometric analyses to assess the mental health research output related to the COVID-19 pandemic and compare it to that of the West Africa Ebola and H1N1 outbreaks. A minority of documents reported funding, was the product of international collaboration, or was published by authors located in low-income countries during the three outbreaks in general, and the COVID-19 pandemic in particular. Our objective is to use bibliometric analyses to assess the mental health research output related to the COVID-19 pandemic and compare it to that of EVD and H1N1 outbreaks. Concerning research accessibility, the proportion of outbreak-related mental health documents published in Open Access format was 81% for COVID-19, 57% for Ebola, and 32% for H1N1.

title:
  Mental health research in response to the COVID-19, Ebola, and H1N1, outbreaks: a comparative bibliometric analysis

abstract:
  INTRODUCTION: Both the COVID-19 pandemic and its management have had a negative impact on mental health worldwide. There is a growing body of research on mental health as it relates to the pandemic. The objective of this study is to use bibliometric analyses to assess the mental health research output related to the COVID-19 pandemic and compare it to that of the West Africa Ebola and H1N1 outbreaks. METHODOLOGY: We performed comprehensive searches in Embase, PubMed, and Scopus databases, and included all types of documents related to the three outbreaks published since the respective beginnings up to August 26, 2020. RESULTS: Despite the shorter time since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, relative to Ebola and H1N1, we found a much greater number of mental health documents related to COVID-19 (n=3,070) compared to the two other outbreaks (127 for Ebola and 327 for H1N1). The proportion of documents in the top 10% journals was 31% for COVID-19, 24% for Ebola, and 40% for H1N1. Authors affiliated with institutions located in high-income countries published or contributed to 79% of all documents followed by authors from upper-middle-income countries (23%), lower-middle-income countries (10%), and low-income countries (2%). Approximately 19% of the documents reported receiving funding and 23% were the product of international collaboration. CONCLUSION: Mental health research output is already greater for COVID-19 compared to Ebola and H1N1 combined. A minority of documents reported funding, was the product of international collaboration, or was published by authors located in low-income countries during the three outbreaks in general, and the COVID-19 pandemic in particular.


id: cord-346310-venpta28
title: Factors linked to changes in mental health outcomes among Brazilians in quarantine due to COVID-19
author: Filgueiras, A.
date: 2020-05-16
txt: ./txt/cord-346310-venpta28.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-346310-venpta28.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.12.20099374
doi: 10.1101/2020.05.12.20099374
summary:
  In repeated measures analysis, female gender, worsening diet and excess of COVID-19 information was related to all mental health outcomes. In conclusion, mental health outcomes worsened for Brazilians during the first month of quarantine and these changes are associated with a variety of risk factors. An updated systematic review on the effects of social distancing and quarantine on mental health 78 revealed that anxiety, depression, stress, anger, insomnia, hopelessness, and sadness were all 79 increased during those conditions (Brooks et al., 2020) . Repeated measures ANOVA 309 revealed that 3 factors were all related to worse levels of stress, depression and anxiety: female 310 gender, worsening diet and excess of COVID-19 information. From the time point when quarantine was 398 decreed until 1 month later, worsening perceived stress, depression and anxiety was observed in 399 this sample of the Brazilian population.

abstract:
  The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic is a crisis of global proportions with a significant impact on the country of Brazil. The aims of this investigation were to track changes and risk factors for mental health outcomes during state-mandated quarantine. Adults residing in Brazil (n = 360, 37.9 years of age, 68.9% female) were surveyed at the start of quarantine and 1 month later. Outcomes assessed included perceived stress, state anxiety and depression. Aside from demographics, behaviors and attitudes assessed included exercise, diet, use of tele-psychotherapy and number of COVID-19 related risk factors, such as perceived risk of COVID-19, information overload, and feeling imprisoned. Overall, all mental health outcomes worsened from Time 1 to time 2, although there was a significant gender x time interaction for stress. 9.7% of the sample reported stress above the clinical cut-off (2 SD above mean), while 8.0% and 9.4% were above this cutoff for depression and anxiety, respectively. In repeated measures analysis, female gender, worsening diet and excess of COVID-19 information was related to all mental health outcomes. Changes in diet for the worse were associated with increases in anxiety. Exercise frequency was clearly related to state anxiety (0 days/week > 6 days/week). Those who did aerobic exercise did not have any increase in depression. Use of tele-psychotherapy predicted lower levels of depression and anxiety. In multiple regression, anxiety was predicted by the greatest number of COVID-19 specific factors. In conclusion, mental health outcomes worsened for Brazilians during the first month of quarantine and these changes are associated with a variety of risk factors.


id: cord-347960-vl5zhxyh
author: Giallonardo, Vincenzo
date: 2020-06-05
txt: ./txt/cord-347960-vl5zhxyh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-347960-vl5zhxyh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00533
doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00533
summary:
  The present study has been developed with the aims to: a) evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and its containment measures on mental health of the Italian population; b) to identify the main areas to be targeted by supportive long-term interventions for the different categories of people exposed to the pandemic. The survey includes the following self-reported questionnaires: the General Health Questionnaire -12 items (GHQ-12) (31); the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale -21 Items (DASS-21) (32); the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory -Revised (OCI-R) (33); the Insomnia Severity Index (34) ; the Severity-of-Acute-Stress-Symptoms-Adult (35); the Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale (SIDAS) (36); the Impact of Event Scale -6 items (37); the UCLA loneliness scale -short version (38) ; the Brief COPE (39); the Post Traumatic Growth Inventory short form (40) ; the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scaleshort form (41) ; the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived social support (42); the Pattern of Care Schedule (PCS)-modified version (43); the Maslach Burnout Inventory (only for health professionals) (44) .

title:
  The Impact of Quarantine and Physical Distancing Following COVID-19 on Mental Health: Study Protocol of a Multicentric Italian Population Trial

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic and its related containment measures—mainly physical distancing and isolation—are having detrimental consequences on the mental health of the general population worldwide. In particular, frustration, loneliness, and worries about the future are common reactions and represent well-known risk factors for several mental disorders, including anxiety, affective, and post-traumatic stress disorders. The vast majority of available studies have been conducted in China, where the pandemic started. Italy has been severely hit by the pandemic, and the socio-cultural context is completely different from Eastern countries. Therefore, there is the need for methodologically rigorous studies aiming to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 and quarantine measures on the mental health of the Italian population. In fact, our results will help us to develop appropriate interventions for managing the psychosocial consequences of pandemic. The “COVID-IT-mental health trial” is a no-profit, not-funded, national, multicentric, cross-sectional population-based trial which has the following aims: a) to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and its containment measures on mental health of the Italian population; b) to identify the main areas to be targeted by supportive long-term interventions for the different categories of people exposed to the pandemic. Data will be collected through a web-platform using validated assessment tools. Participants will be subdivided into four groups: a) Group 1—COVID-19 quarantine group. This group includes the general population which are quarantined but not isolated, i.e., those not directly exposed to contagion nor in contact with COVID-19+ individuals; b) Group 2—COVID-19+ group, which includes isolated people directly/indirectly exposed to the virus; c) Group 3—COVID-19 healthcare staff group, which includes first- and second-line healthcare professionals; d) Group 4—COVID-19 mental health, which includes users of mental health services and all those who had already been diagnosed with a mental disorder. Mental health services worldwide are not prepared yet to manage the short- and long-term consequences of the pandemic. It is necessary to have a clear picture of the impact that this new stressor will have on mental health and well-being in order to develop and disseminate appropriate interventions for the general population and for the other at-risk groups.


id: cord-348298-rtm8dn43
author: O’Connor, Karen
date: 2020-05-27
txt: ./txt/cord-348298-rtm8dn43.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-348298-rtm8dn43.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32456713/
doi: 10.1017/ipm.2020.64
summary:
  The third wave will arise from the longer-term impact on people with established health problems, for example, diabetes, eating disorder or schizophrenia not accessing routine care due to health service reconfiguration, service reduction or fears of infection. These features include the morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19, the relentless media coverage, the social distancing measures, the altered pathways to access care, the changes to the care that is available, the suspension of development plans in mental health services and the economic impact on all populations in society. Groups who will be particularly vulnerable to the emergence of new mental health difficulties requiring secondary care interventions This pandemic will be associated with an increase in people presenting for the very first time with significant mental health difficulties. Reluctance to attend for acute care due to fears of COVID-19 infection resulting in delays in effective treatment and increase in crisis presentations Reduced availability/altered access to mental health services

title:
  Mental health impacts of COVID-19 in Ireland and the need for a secondary care mental health service response

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health emergency, the scale, speed and nature of which is beyond anything most of us have experienced in our lifetimes. The mental health burden associated with this pandemic is also likely to surpass anything we have previously experienced. In this editorial, we seek to anticipate the nature of this additional mental health burden and make recommendations on how to mitigate against and prepare for this significant increase in mental health service demand.


id: cord-348411-nrhe8aek
title: Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents
author: Shah, Kaushal
date: 2020-08-26
txt: ./txt/cord-348411-nrhe8aek.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-348411-nrhe8aek.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10051
doi: 10.7759/cureus.10051
summary:
  It is essential and obligatory for the scientific community and healthcare workers to assess and analyze the psychological impact caused by the coronavirus pandemic on children and adolescents, as several mental health disorders begin during childhood. Children exposed to stressors such as separation through isolation from their families and friends, seeing or being aware of critically ill members affected with coronavirus, or the passing of loved ones or even thinking of their own death from the virus can cause them to develop anxiety, panic attacks, depression, and other mental illnesses [11] [12] . The conducted literature search was through Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, and Embase using the keywords, ''coronavirus,'' ''COVID-19,'' ''mental health,'' ''child and adolescent,'' ''behavioral impact,'' ''psychological conditions,'' ''quarantine,'' and ''online education.'' The indexed search aimed to identify literature and articles relevant to our focused topic.

abstract:
  The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was first reported in Wuhan, China, and was later reported to have spread throughout the world to create a global pandemic. As of August 18th, 2020, the coronavirus had spread to more than 216 countries with at least 21,756,357 confirmed cases, resulting in 771,635 deaths globally. Several countries declared this pandemic as a national emergency, forcing millions of people to go into lockdown. This unexpected imposed social isolation has caused enormous disruption of daily routines for the global community, especially children. Among the measures intended to reduce the spread of the virus, most schools closed, canceled classes, and moved it to home-based or online learning to encourage and adhere to social distancing guidelines. Education and learnings of 67.6% of students are impacted globally due to coronavirus in 143 countries. The transition away from physical classes has significantly disrupted the lives of students and their families, posing a potential risk to the mental well-being of children. An abrupt change in the learning environment and limited social interactions and activities posed an unusual situation for children's developing brains. It is essential and obligatory for the scientific community and healthcare workers to assess and analyze the psychological impact caused by the coronavirus pandemic on children and adolescents, as several mental health disorders begin during childhood. Countries across the globe, including the United States, are in the dilemma of determining appropriate strategies for children to minimize the psychological impact of coronavirus. The design of this review is to investigate and identify the risk factors to mental health and propose possible solutions to avoid the detrimental consequence of this crisis on the psychology of our future adult generations.


id: cord-348436-mwitcseq
author: Bu, F.
date: 2020-08-21
txt: ./txt/cord-348436-mwitcseq.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-348436-mwitcseq.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.18.20177345v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.08.18.20177345
summary:
  After controlling for bidirectionality, behaviors involving outdoor activities including gardening and exercising predicted subsequent improvements in mental health and wellbeing, while increased time spent on following news about COVID 19 predicted declines in mental health and wellbeing. For instance, studies on leisure-time use show that taking up a hobby can have beneficial effects on alleviating depressive symptoms 10 , engaging in physical activity can reduce levels of depression and anxiety and enhance quality of life [11] [12] [13] [14] , and broader leisure activities such as reading, listening to music, and volunteering can reduce depression and anxiety, increase personal empowerment and optimism, foster social connectedness, and improve life satisfaction [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] . Whilst the relationship between time use and behaviors is bidirectional, when exploring the direction of the relationship using lagged models, behaviors involving outdoor activities including gardening and exercising predicted subsequent improvements in mental health and wellbeing, while time spent watching the news about COVID-19 predicted declines in mental health and wellbeing.

title:
  Time-use and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a panel analysis of 55,204 adults followed across 11 weeks of lockdown in the UK

abstract:
  There is currently major concern about the impact of the global COVID 19 outbreak on mental health. But it remains unclear how individual behaviors could exacerbate or protect against adverse changes in mental health. This study aimed to examine the associations between specific activities (or time use) and mental health and wellbeing amongst people during the COVID 19 pandemic. Data were from the UCL COVID 19 Social Study; a panel study collecting data weekly during the COVID 19 pandemic. The analytical sample consisted of 55,204 adults living in the UK who were followed up for the strict 11 week lockdown period from 21st March to 31st May 2020. Data were analyzed using fixed effects and Arellano Bond models. We found that changes in time spent on a range of activities were associated with changes in mental health and wellbeing. After controlling for bidirectionality, behaviors involving outdoor activities including gardening and exercising predicted subsequent improvements in mental health and wellbeing, while increased time spent on following news about COVID 19 predicted declines in mental health and wellbeing. These results are relevant to the formulation of guidance for people obliged to spend extended periods in isolation during health emergencies, and may help the public to maintain wellbeing during future pandemics.


id: cord-350000-eqn3kl5p
author: Drissi, Nidal
date: 2020-07-30
txt: ./txt/cord-350000-eqn3kl5p.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-350000-eqn3kl5p.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32768994/
doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104243
summary:
  The objective of this study is to provide an analysis of treatment and management-related functionality and characteristics of high-rated mobile applications (apps) for anxiety, which are available for Android and iOS systems. Results also showed that 51% of the selected apps used various gamification features to motivate users to keep using them, 32% provided social features including chat, communication with others and links to sources of help; 46% offered offline availability; and only 19% reported involvement of mental health professionals in their design. This study aims to analyze the functionality and characteristics of highly 5 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f rated anxiety apps to identify users'' preferred features and management methods delivered for anxiety with a smartphone or a tablet.

title:
  An Analysis on Self-Management and Treatment-related Functionality and Characteristics of Highly Rated Anxiety Apps

abstract:
  BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Anxiety is a common emotion that people often feel in certain situations. But when the feeling of anxiety is persistent and interferes with a person's day to day life then this may likely be an anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders are a common issue worldwide and can fall under general anxiety, panic attacks, and social anxiety among others. They can be disabling and can impact all aspects of an individual's life, including work, education, and personal relationships. It is important that people with anxiety receive appropriate care, which in some cases may prove difficult due to mental health care delivery barriers such as cost, stigma, or distance from mental health services. A potential solution to this could be mobile mental health applications. These can serve as effective and promising tools to assist in the management of anxiety and to overcome some of the aforementioned barriers. The objective of this study is to provide an analysis of treatment and management-related functionality and characteristics of high-rated mobile applications (apps) for anxiety, which are available for Android and iOS systems. METHOD: A broad search was performed in the Google Play Store and App Store following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol to identify existing apps for anxiety. A set of free and highly rated apps for anxiety were identified and the selected apps were then installed and analyzed according to a predefined data extraction strategy. RESULTS: A total of 167 anxiety apps were selected (123 Android apps and 44 iOS apps). Besides anxiety, the selected apps addressed several health issues including stress, depression, sleep issues, and eating disorders. The apps adopted various treatment and management approaches such as meditation, breathing exercises, mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy. Results also showed that 51% of the selected apps used various gamification features to motivate users to keep using them, 32% provided social features including chat, communication with others and links to sources of help; 46% offered offline availability; and only 19% reported involvement of mental health professionals in their design. CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety apps incorporate various mental health care management methods and approaches. Apps can serve as promising tools to assist large numbers of people suffering from general anxiety or from anxiety disorders, anytime, anywhere, and particularly in the current COVID-19 pandemic.


