id sid tid token lemma pos cord-264401-9ogs55xr 1 1 key key NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 1 2 : : : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 2 1 cord-264401 cord-264401 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 2 2 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 2 3 9ogs55xr 9ogs55xr CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 2 4 authors author NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 2 5 : : : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 2 6 Giotis Giotis NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 2 7 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 2 8 Efstathios Efstathios NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 2 9 S. S. NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 2 10 title title NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 2 11 : : : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 3 1 Inferring infer VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 3 2 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 3 3 Urban Urban NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 3 4 Transmission Transmission NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 3 5 Potential Potential NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 3 6 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 3 7 Bat Bat NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 3 8 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 3 9 Viruses Viruses NNPS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 3 10 date date NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 3 11 : : : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 3 12 2020 2020 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 3 13 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 3 14 06 06 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 3 15 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 3 16 03 03 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 3 17 journal journal NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 3 18 : : : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 4 1 Front front JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 4 2 Cell cell NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 4 3 Infect infect VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 4 4 Microbiol Microbiol NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 4 5 DOI doi NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 4 6 : : : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 5 1 10.3389 10.3389 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 6 1 /fcimb.2020.00264 /fcimb.2020.00264 NFP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 6 2 sha sha NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 6 3 : : : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 7 1 94e362125e0849847f8fbe4400826cd5e3b320c1 94e362125e0849847f8fbe4400826cd5e3b320c1 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 7 2 doc_id doc_id CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 8 1 : : : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 8 2 264401 264401 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 8 3 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 8 4 : : : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 1 9ogs55xr 9ogs55xr CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 2 Bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 3 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 4 considered consider VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 5 natural natural JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 6 reservoirs reservoir NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 7 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 8 various various JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 9 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 10 potentially potentially RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 11 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 12 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 13 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 14 exemplified exemplify VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 15 by by IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 16 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 17 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 18 A A NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 19 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 20 like like JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 21 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 22 H17N10 H17N10 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 23 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 24 H18N11 H18N11 NNPS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 25 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 26 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 27 Neotropical Neotropical NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 28 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 9 29 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 1 These these DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 2 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 3 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 4 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 5 evolutionarily evolutionarily RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 6 distinct distinct JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 7 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 8 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 9 poorly poorly RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 10 adapted adapt VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 11 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 12 laboratory laboratory NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 13 mice mouse NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 14 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 15 ferrets ferret NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 16 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 17 can can MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 18 not not RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 19 reassort reassort VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 20 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 21 vitro vitro FW cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 22 with with IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 23 conventional conventional JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 24 strains strain NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 25 to to TO cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 26 form form VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 27 new new JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 28 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 29 subtypes subtype NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 10 30 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 1 However however RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 2 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 4 have have VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 5 attracted attract VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 6 renewed renew VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 7 attention attention NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 8 following follow VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 9 reports report NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 10 that that IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 12 entry entry NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 13 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 14 host host NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 15 cells cell NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 16 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 17 mediated mediate VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 18 by by IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 19 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 20 trans trans NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 21 - - NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 22 species species NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 23 conserved conserve VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 24 MHC MHC NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 25 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 26 II II NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 27 proteins protein NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 28 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 29 suggesting suggest VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 30 that that IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 31 they -PRON- PRP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 32 hold hold VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 33 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 34 potential potential NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 11 35 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 12 1 Despite despite IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 12 2 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 12 3 recent recent JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 12 4 studies study NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 12 5 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 12 6 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 12 7 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 12 8 ' ' POS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 12 9 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 12 10 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 12 11 public public JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 12 12 health health NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 12 13 significance significance NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 12 14 remain remain VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 12 15 incompletely incompletely RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 12 16 understood understand VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 12 17 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 1 Delineating delineate VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 2 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 3 mechanistic mechanistic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 4 basis basis NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 5 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 6 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 7 interactions interaction NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 8 with with IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 10 hosts host NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 11 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 12 assessing assess VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 14 global global JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 15 distribution distribution NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 16 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 17 essential essential JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 18 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 19 order order NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 20 to to TO cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 21 fully fully RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 22 assess assess VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 23 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 24 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 25 threat threat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 26 that that IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 27 these these DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 28 strains strain NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 29 pose pose VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 13 30 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 1 The the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 2 Severe severe JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 3 Acute acute JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 4 Respiratory Respiratory NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 5 Syndrome Syndrome NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 7 SARS SARS NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 9 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 10 Middle Middle NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 11 East East NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 12 Respiratory Respiratory NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 13 Syndrome Syndrome NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 15 MERS MERS NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 17 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 18 Nipah Nipah NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 20 NiV NiV NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 22 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 23 Hendra Hendra NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 25 HeV hev NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 27 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 28 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 29 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 31 EBOV EBOV NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 33 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 34 ' ' POS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 35 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 36 confirmed confirm VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 37 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 38 inextricable inextricable JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 39 nature nature NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 40 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 41 human human NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 42 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 43 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 44 health health NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 45 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 46 disease disease NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 47 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 48 highlighted highlight VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 49 that that IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 50 focusing focus VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 51 on on IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 52 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 53 " " `` cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 54 spillover spillover NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 55 " " '' cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 56 potential potential NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 57 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 58 known know VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 59 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 60 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 61 novel novel NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 62 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 63 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 64 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 65 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 66 critical critical JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 67 to to TO cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 68 predict predict VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 69 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 70 prevent prevent VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 71 pandemics pandemic NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 14 72 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 1 The the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 2 remarkable remarkable JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 3 ability ability NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 4 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 5 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 6 to to TO cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 7 coexist coexist VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 8 with with IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 9 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 10 wide wide JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 11 range range NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 12 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 13 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 14 that that WDT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 15 would would MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 16 be be VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 17 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 18 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 19 flightless flightless JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 20 mammals mammal NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 22 Fl Fl NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 23 − − NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 24 M M NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 26 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 27 not not RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 28 yet yet RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 29 fully fully RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 30 understood understand VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 31 but but CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 32 possibly possibly RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 33 relates relate VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 34 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 35 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 36 unique unique JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 37 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 38 flight flight NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 39 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 40 adapted adapt VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 41 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 42 immunity immunity NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 44 Calisher Calisher NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 45 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 46 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 47 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 48 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 49 2006 2006 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 15 50 ; ; . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 16 1 Hayman Hayman NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 16 2 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 16 3 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 16 4 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 16 5 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 16 6 2013 2013 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 16 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 16 8 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 1 Intriguingly intriguingly RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 2 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 3 genetic genetic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 4 material material NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 5 from from IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 6 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 7 that that WDT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 8 resemble resemble VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 9 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 10 type type NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 11 A a NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 12 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 13 has have VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 14 been be VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 15 recovered recover VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 16 from from IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 17 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 18 fruit fruit NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 19 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 20 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 21 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 22 Neotropic Neotropic NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 23 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 24 family family NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 25 Phyllostomidae Phyllostomidae NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 27 Sturnira Sturnira NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 28 lilium lilium NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 29 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 30 Artibeus Artibeus NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 31 planirostris planirostris NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 33 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 34 several several JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 35 countries country NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 36 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 37 Central Central NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 38 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 39 South South NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 40 America America NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 42 Figure figure NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 43 1 1 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 17 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 18 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 18 2 Tong Tong NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 18 3 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 18 4 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 18 5 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 19 1 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 19 2 2012 2012 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 20 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 20 2 Tong Tong NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 20 3 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 20 4 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 20 5 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 21 1 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 21 2 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 21 3 2013 2013 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 21 4 Campos Campos NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 21 5 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 21 6 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 21 7 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 21 8 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 21 9 2019 2019 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 21 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 21 11 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 1 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 2 A a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 3 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 5 IAVs iav NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 7 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 8 orthomyxoviruses orthomyxovirus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 9 with with IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 10 eight eight CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 11 single single RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 12 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 13 stranded strand VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 14 negative negative JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 15 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 16 sense sense NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 17 viral viral JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 18 RNAs rna NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 20 vRNAs vrna NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 22 encapsidated encapsidate VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 23 into into IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 24 viral viral JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 25 ribonucleoproteins ribonucleoprotein NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 27 vRNPs vrnps RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 22 29 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 1 IAVs iav NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 2 emerge emerge VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 3 from from IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 4 aquatic aquatic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 5 birds bird NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 6 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 7 via via IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 8 genome genome NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 9 reassortment reassortment NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 10 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 11 mutation mutation NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 12 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 13 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 14 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 15 able able JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 16 to to TO cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 17 cause cause VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 18 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 20 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 21 sporadic sporadic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 22 pandemics pandemic NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 23 ; ; : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 24 Simonsen Simonsen NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 25 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 26 1999 1999 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 28 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 29 humans human NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 30 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 31 lower low JJR cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 32 animals animal NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 33 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 34 birds bird NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 36 Simonsen Simonsen NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 37 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 38 1999 1999 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 23 40 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 1 The the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 2 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 3 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 4 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 6 BatIVs bativs JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 8 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 9 phylogenetically phylogenetically RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 10 distinct distinct JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 11 from from IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 12 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 13 conventional conventional JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 14 IAVs iav NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 15 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 17 were be VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 18 designated designate VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 19 as as IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 20 H17N10 H17N10 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 21 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 22 H18N11 H18N11 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 24 Table Table NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 25 1 1 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 24 27 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 1 Bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 2 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 3 Latin Latin NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 4 America America NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 5 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 6 but but CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 7 not not RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 8 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 9 Central Central NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 10 Europe Europe NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 11 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 12 have have VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 13 been be VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 14 found find VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 15 seropositive seropositive JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 16 for for IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 17 BatIVs bativs JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 19 Tong Tong NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 20 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 21 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 22 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 23 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 24 2013 2013 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 25 ; ; : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 26 Fereidouni Fereidouni NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 27 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 28 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 29 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 30 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 31 2015 2015 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 25 33 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 1 Antibodies antibody NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 2 against against IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 3 human human JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 4 H2N2 H2N2 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 5 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 6 H3N2 H3N2 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 7 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 8 as as RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 9 well well RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 10 as as IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 11 classical classical JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 12 H9 H9 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 13 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 14 have have VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 15 also also RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 16 been be VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 17 found find VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 18 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 19 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 20 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 22 L'vov L'vov NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 23 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 24 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 25 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 26 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 27 1979 1979 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 28 ; ; : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 29 Kelkar Kelkar NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 30 et et FW cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 31 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 26 32 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 27 1 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 27 2 1981 1981 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 27 3 ; ; : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 27 4 Isaeva Isaeva NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 27 5 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 27 6 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 27 7 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 27 8 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 27 9 1982 1982 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 27 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 27 11 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 27 12 suggesting suggest VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 27 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 27 14 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 27 15 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 27 16 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 27 17 IAV IAV NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 27 18 infection infection NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 27 19 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 1 The the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 2 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 3 kidney kidney NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 4 cells cell NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 5 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 6 flying fly VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 7 foxes fox NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 9 Pteropus Pteropus NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 10 alecto alecto NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 12 co co VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 13 - - VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 14 express express VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 15 both both DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 16 avian avian NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 18 α2,3-Gal α2,3-Gal '' cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 20 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 21 human human JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 23 α2,6-Gal α2,6-Gal NFP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 25 sialic sialic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 26 acid acid NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 28 SA SA NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 30 receptors receptor NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 32 Chothe Chothe NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 33 et et FW cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 34 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 35 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 36 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 37 2017 2017 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 39 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 40 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 41 thus thus RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 42 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 43 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 44 infection infection NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 45 by by IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 46 both both CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 47 avian avian JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 48 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 49 human human JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 50 IAVs iav NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 51 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 52 but but CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 53 more more RBR cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 54 importantly importantly RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 55 FIGURE figure NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 56 1 1 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 57 | | NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 58 Countries Countries NNPS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 59 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 60 Central Central NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 61 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 62 South South NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 63 America America NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 64 where where WRB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 65 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 66 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 67 A a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 68 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 69 have have VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 70 been be VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 71 reported report VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 28 72 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 1 Map Map NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 2 showing show VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 3 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 4 global global JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 5 pattern pattern NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 6 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 7 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 8 species species NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 9 richness richness NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 10 was be VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 11 provided provide VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 12 by by IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 13 Clinton Clinton NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 14 Jenkins Jenkins NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 16 see see VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 17 BiodiversityMapping.org BiodiversityMapping.org NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 19 using use VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 20 species species NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 21 data datum NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 22 from from IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 23 The the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 24 IUCN IUCN NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 25 Red Red NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 26 List List NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 27 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 28 Threatened Threatened NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 29 Species Species NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 31 2018 2018 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 32 ; ; : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 33 https://www.iucnredlist.org https://www.iucnredlist.org ADD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 29 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 30 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 30 2 Jenkins Jenkins NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 30 3 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 30 4 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 30 5 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 30 6 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 30 7 2013 2013 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 30 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 30 9 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 31 1 they -PRON- PRP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 31 2 allow allow VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 31 3 reassortment reassortment NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 31 4 between between IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 31 5 co co NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 31 6 - - JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 31 7 infecting infect VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 31 8 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 31 9 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 31 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 31 11 Dlugolenski Dlugolenski NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 31 12 et et FW cord-264401-9ogs55xr 31 13 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 31 14 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 31 15 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 31 16 2013 2013 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 31 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 31 18 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 32 1 The the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 32 2 N n CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 32 3 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 32 4 terminal terminal NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 32 5 domain domain NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 32 6 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 32 7 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 32 8 H17N10 H17N10 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 32 9 PA PA NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 32 10 subunit subunit NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 32 11 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 32 12 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 32 13 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 32 14 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 32 15 polymerase polymerase NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 32 16 complex complex NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 32 17 possesses possess VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 32 18 endonuclease endonuclease NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 32 19 activity activity NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 32 20 comparable comparable JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 32 21 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 32 22 that that DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 32 23 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 32 24 IAVs iav NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 33 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 33 2 Tefsen Tefsen NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 33 3 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 33 4 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 33 5 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 34 1 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 34 2 2014 2014 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 34 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 34 4 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 1 Equally equally RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 2 intriguingly intriguingly RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 3 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 4 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 5 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 6 position position NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 7 627 627 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 8 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 9 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 10 polymerase polymerase NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 11 gene gene NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 12 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 13 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 14 one one CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 15 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 16 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 17 most most RBS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 18 commonly commonly RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 19 identified identify VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 20 IAV IAV NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 21 virulence virulence NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 22 markers marker NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 23 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 24 BatIVs bativs WRB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 25 have have VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 26 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 27 serine serine NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 28 compared compare VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 29 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 30 glutamic glutamic NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 31 acid acid NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 32 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 33 avian avian JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 34 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 35 lysine lysine NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 36 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 37 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 38 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 39 strains strain NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 40 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 41 suggestive suggestive JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 42 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 43 an an DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 44 alternative alternative JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 45 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 46 pathway pathway NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 47 for for IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 48 avian avian JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 49 IAV IAV NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 50 's 's POS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 51 adaptation adaptation NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 52 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 53 mammals mammal NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 55 Mehle Mehle NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 56 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 57 2014 2014 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 35 59 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 1 This this DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 2 all all DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 3 raised raise VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 4 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 5 question question NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 6 whether whether IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 7 novel novel NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 8 IAVs iav NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 9 could could MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 10 emerge emerge VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 11 from from IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 12 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 13 to to TO cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 14 which which WDT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 15 human human JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 16 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 17 animal animal NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 18 populations population NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 19 would would MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 20 be be VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 21 immunologically immunologically RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 22 " " `` cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 23 naïve naïve JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 24 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 25 " " '' cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 26 causing cause VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 27 pandemics pandemic NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 36 28 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 1 The the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 2 genetic genetic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 3 material material NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 4 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 5 BatIVs BatIVs NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 6 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 7 similar similar JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 8 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 9 classic classic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 10 flu flu NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 11 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 12 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 13 but but CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 14 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 15 surface surface NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 16 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 17 haemagglutinin haemagglutinin NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 19 HA HA NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 21 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 22 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 24 NA NA NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 26 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 27 evolutionarily evolutionarily RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 28 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 29 functionally functionally RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 37 30 diverged diverged JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 38 1 Zhu Zhu NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 38 2 et et FW cord-264401-9ogs55xr 38 3 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 38 4 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 38 5 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 38 6 2012 2012 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 38 7 ; ; : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 38 8 Sun Sun NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 38 9 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 38 10 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 38 11 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 38 12 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 38 13 2013 2013 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 38 14 ; ; : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 38 15 Tong Tong NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 38 16 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 38 17 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 38 18 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 38 19 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 38 20 2013 2013 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 38 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 38 22 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 39 1 BatIVs BatIVs NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 39 2 can can MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 39 3 not not RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 39 4 be be VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 39 5 cultured culture VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 39 6 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 39 7 embryonated embryonate VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 39 8 chicken chicken NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 39 9 eggs egg NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 39 10 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 39 11 do do VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 39 12 not not RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 39 13 agglutinate agglutinate VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 39 14 red red JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 39 15 blood blood NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 39 16 cells cell NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 40 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 40 2 Tong Tong NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 40 3 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 40 4 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 40 5 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 41 1 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 41 2 2012 2012 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 42 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 42 2 Tong Tong NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 42 3 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 42 4 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 42 5 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 43 1 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 43 2 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 43 3 2013 2013 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 43 4 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 44 1 Initial initial JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 44 2 efforts effort NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 44 3 by by IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 44 4 researchers researcher NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 44 5 to to TO cord-264401-9ogs55xr 44 6 isolate isolate VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 44 7 live live VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 44 8 infectious infectious JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 44 9 BatIVs bativs JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 44 10 directly directly RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 44 11 from from IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 44 12 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 44 13 failed fail VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 44 14 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 44 15 due due IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 44 16 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 44 17 unavailability unavailability NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 44 18 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 44 19 permissive permissive JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 44 20 cell cell NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 44 21 lines line NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 45 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 45 2 Ciminski Ciminski NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 45 3 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 45 4 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 45 5 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 45 6 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 45 7 2017 2017 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 45 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 45 9 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 46 1 In in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 46 2 addition addition NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 46 3 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 46 4 research research NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 46 5 on on IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 46 6 these these DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 46 7 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 46 8 was be VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 46 9 further further RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 46 10 complicated complicate VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 46 11 by by IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 46 12 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 46 13 dearth dearth NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 46 14 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 46 15 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 46 16 cell cell NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 46 17 lines line NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 46 18 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 46 19 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 46 20 limited limited JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 46 21 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 46 22 genomic genomic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 46 23 data datum NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 46 24 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 47 1 Attempts attempt NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 47 2 to to TO cord-264401-9ogs55xr 47 3 circumvent circumvent VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 47 4 these these DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 47 5 limitations limitation NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 47 6 have have VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 47 7 included include VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 47 8 : : : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 47 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 47 10 i i NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 47 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 47 12 using use VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 47 13 HA-17 HA-17 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 47 14 or or CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 47 15 HA-18 HA-18 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 47 16 pseudotyped pseudotype VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 47 17 vesicular vesicular JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 47 18 stomatitis stomatitis NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 47 19 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 47 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 47 21 VSV VSV NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 47 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 47 23 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 47 24 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 47 25 based base VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 47 26 lentiviruses lentiviruse NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 48 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 48 2 Hoffmann Hoffmann NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 48 3 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 48 4 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 48 5 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 49 1 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 49 2 2016 2016 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 49 3 ; ; : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 49 4 Maruyama Maruyama NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 49 5 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 49 6 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 49 7 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 49 8 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 49 9 2016 2016 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 49 10 ; ; : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 49 11 Carnell Carnell NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 49 12 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 49 13 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 49 14 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 49 15 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 49 16 2018 2018 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 50 1 ; ; : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 50 2 Giotis Giotis NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 50 3 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 50 4 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 50 5 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 50 6 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 50 7 2019 2019 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 50 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 50 9 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 50 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 50 11 ii ii NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 50 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 51 1 engineering engineering NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 52 1 BatIV BatIV NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 52 2 / / SYM cord-264401-9ogs55xr 52 3 IAV IAV NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 52 4 chimaeric chimaeric JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 52 5 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 53 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 53 2 Juozapaitis Juozapaitis NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 53 3 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 53 4 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 53 5 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 1 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 2 2014 2014 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 3 ; ; : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 4 Zhou Zhou NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 5 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 6 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 7 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 8 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 9 2014 2014 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 11 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 12 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 14 iii iii NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 16 reconstructing reconstruct VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 17 authentic authentic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 18 BatIVs BatIVs NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 19 using use VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 20 reverse reverse JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 21 genetics genetic NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 23 Moreira Moreira NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 24 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 25 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 26 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 27 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 54 28 2016 2016 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 55 1 ; ; : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 55 2 Sato Sato NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 55 3 et et FW cord-264401-9ogs55xr 55 4 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 55 5 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 55 6 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 55 7 2019 2019 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 55 8 ; ; : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 55 9 Zhong Zhong NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 55 10 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 55 11 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 55 12 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 55 13 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 55 14 2019 2019 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 55 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 55 16 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 56 1 HA17-VSV HA17-VSV NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 56 2 was be VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 56 3 able able JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 56 4 to to TO cord-264401-9ogs55xr 56 5 infect infect VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 56 6 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 56 7 cell cell NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 56 8 lines line NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 56 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 56 10 EidNi EidNi NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 56 11 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 56 12 HypNi HypNi NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 56 13 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 56 14 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 56 15 EpoNi EpoNi NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 56 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 1 but but CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 2 only only RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 3 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 4 few few JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 5 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 6 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 7 common common JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 8 Fl Fl NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 9 − − NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 10 M m CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 11 cell cell NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 12 lines line NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 13 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 14 including include VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 15 human human JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 16 U-87 U-87 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 17 MG MG NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 18 glioblastoma glioblastoma NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 19 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 20 SK SK NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 21 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 22 Mel-28 Mel-28 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 23 melanoma melanoma NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 24 cells cell NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 25 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 26 canine canine JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 27 RIE rie NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 28 1495 1495 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 29 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 30 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 31 II II NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 32 kidney kidney NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 57 33 cells cell NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 58 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 58 2 Hoffmann Hoffmann NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 58 3 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 58 4 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 58 5 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 59 1 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 59 2 2016 2016 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 59 3 ; ; : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 59 4 Maruyama Maruyama NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 59 5 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 59 6 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 59 7 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 60 1 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 60 2 2016 2016 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 60 3 ; ; : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 60 4 Moreira Moreira NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 60 5 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 60 6 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 60 7 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 60 8 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 60 9 2016 2016 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 60 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 60 11 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 1 The the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 2 identification identification NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 3 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 4 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 5 II II NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 6 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 7 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 8 particular particular JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 9 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 10 as as IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 11 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 12 cell cell NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 13 lines line NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 14 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 15 BatIVs BatIVs NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 16 opened open VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 17 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 18 way way NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 19 for for IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 20 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 21 more more RBR cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 22 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 23 characterization characterization NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 24 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 25 these these DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 26 strains strain NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 28 Moreira Moreira NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 29 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 30 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 31 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 32 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 33 2016 2016 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 34 ; ; : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 35 Giotis Giotis NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 36 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 37 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 38 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 39 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 40 2019 2019 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 61 41 ; ; . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 62 1 Karakus Karakus NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 62 2 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 62 3 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 62 4 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 62 5 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 62 6 2019 2019 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 62 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 62 8 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 1 Crystal crystal NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 2 structure structure NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 3 analyses analysis NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 4 revealed reveal VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 5 that that IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 6 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 7 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 8 haemagglutinins haemagglutinin NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 9 display display VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 10 typical typical JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 11 HA HA NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 12 protein protein NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 13 folds fold NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 14 but but CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 15 lack lack VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 16 any any DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 17 obvious obvious JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 18 cavity cavity NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 19 to to TO cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 20 accommodate accommodate VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 21 SA SA NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 22 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 23 which which WDT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 24 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 25 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 26 conventional conventional JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 27 receptors receptor NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 28 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 29 IAVs iav NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 63 30 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 1 Recently recently RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 2 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 3 two two CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 4 independent independent JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 5 studies study NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 6 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 7 that that IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 8 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 9 cell cell NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 10 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 11 entry entry NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 12 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 13 H17N10 H17N10 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 15 Giotis Giotis NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 16 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 17 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 18 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 19 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 20 2019 2019 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 22 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 23 H18N11 H18N11 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 25 Karakus Karakus NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 26 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 27 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 28 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 29 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 30 2019 2019 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 32 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 33 mediated mediate VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 34 by by IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 35 MHC MHC NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 36 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 37 II II NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 38 receptors receptor NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 39 that that WDT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 40 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 41 well well RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 42 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 43 conserved conserve VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 44 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 45 many many JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 46 species specie NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 64 47 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 1 Hence hence RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 2 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 3 immortalized immortalize VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 4 cell cell NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 5 lines line NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 6 that that WDT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 7 express express VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 8 MHC MHC NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 9 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 10 II II NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 11 receptors receptor NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 12 on on IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 14 surface surface NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 15 such such JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 16 as as IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 17 several several JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 18 human human JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 19 leukemia leukemia NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 20 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 21 lymphoma lymphoma NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 22 cell cell NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 23 lines line NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 24 Raji Raji NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 25 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 26 Ramos Ramos NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 27 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 28 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 29 BJAB BJAB NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 30 B B NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 31 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 32 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 33 could could MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 34 be be VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 35 used use VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 36 for for IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 37 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 38 study study NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 39 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 40 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 41 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 42 ' ' POS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 43 biology biology NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 45 Giotis Giotis NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 46 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 47 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 48 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 49 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 50 2019 2019 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 65 52 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 2 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 3 ectopic ectopic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 4 expression expression NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 5 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 6 pig pig NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 7 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 8 mice mouse NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 9 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 10 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 11 chicken chicken NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 12 MHC MHC NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 13 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 14 II II NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 15 have have VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 16 been be VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 17 shown show VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 18 to to TO cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 19 confer confer VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 20 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 21 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 22 H18N11 H18N11 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 23 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 24 non non JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 25 - - JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 26 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 27 cells cell NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 29 Karakus Karakus NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 30 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 31 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 32 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 33 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 34 2019 2019 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 36 implying imply VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 37 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 38 potential potential JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 39 role role NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 40 for for IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 41 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 42 respective respective JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 43 animals animal NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 44 as as IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 45 intermediary intermediary JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 46 hosts host NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 66 47 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 2 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 3 as as RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 4 yet yet RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 5 unclear unclear JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 6 whether whether IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 7 MHC MHC NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 8 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 9 II II NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 10 receptors receptor NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 11 function function VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 12 with with IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 13 other other JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 14 unknown unknown JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 15 factors factor NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 16 to to TO cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 17 facilitate facilitate VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 18 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 19 internalization internalization NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 20 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 21 also also RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 22 whether whether IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 23 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 24 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 25 remain remain VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 26 cell cell NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 27 associated associate VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 28 following follow VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 29 cell cell NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 30 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 31 entry entry NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 32 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 33 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 34 being be VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 35 passed pass VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 36 on on RP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 37 by by IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 38 direct direct JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 39 cell cell NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 40 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 41 cell cell NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 42 contact contact NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 67 43 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 68 1 MHC MHC NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 68 2 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 68 3 II II NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 68 4 molecules molecule NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 68 5 occur occur VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 68 6 as as IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 68 7 three three CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 68 8 highly highly RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 68 9 polymorphic polymorphic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 68 10 isotypes isotype NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 68 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 68 12 HLA HLA NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 68 13 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 68 14 DR DR NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 68 15 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 68 16 HLA HLA NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 68 17 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 68 18 DP DP NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 68 19 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 68 20 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 68 21 HLA HLA NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 68 22 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 68 23 DQ DQ NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 68 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 68 25 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 2 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 3 selectively selectively RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 4 expressed express VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 5 on on IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 6 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 7 surface surface NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 8 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 9 professional professional JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 10 antigen antigen NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 11 presenting present VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 12 cells cell NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 14 APCs apc NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 16 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 17 act act VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 18 as as IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 19 ligands ligand NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 20 for for IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 21 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 22 T t NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 23 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 24 cell cell NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 25 receptor receptor NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 27 TCR TCR NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 29 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 30 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 31 play play VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 32 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 33 key key JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 34 role role NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 35 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 36 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 37 presentation presentation NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 38 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 39 foreign foreign JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 40 antigens antigen NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 41 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 42 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 43 + + CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 44 T T NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 45 helper helper NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 46 cells cell NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 47 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 48 immune immune JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 69 49 surveillance surveillance NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 70 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 70 2 Jones Jones NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 70 3 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 70 4 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 70 5 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 70 6 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 70 7 2006 2006 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 70 8 ; ; . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 71 1 Roche Roche NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 71 2 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 71 3 Furuta Furuta NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 71 4 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 71 5 2015 2015 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 71 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 71 7 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 1 Bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 2 contain contain VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 3 all all DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 4 classical classical JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 5 MHC MHC NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 6 class class NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 7 II II NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 8 gene gene NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 9 families family NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 10 that that WDT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 11 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 12 responsible responsible JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 13 for for IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 14 antigen antigen NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 15 presentation presentation NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 16 with with IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 17 an an DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 18 extra extra JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 19 DRB2 DRB2 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 20 gene gene NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 21 copy copy NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 22 located locate VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 23 outside outside IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 24 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 25 MHC MHC NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 26 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 27 II II NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 28 region region NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 29 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 30 P. P. NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 31 alecto alecto NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 33 Ng Ng NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 34 et et FW cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 35 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 36 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 37 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 38 2017 2017 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 72 40 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 1 The the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 2 MHC MHC NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 3 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 4 II II NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 5 dependent dependent JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 6 cell cell NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 7 entry entry NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 8 suggests suggest VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 9 that that IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 10 BatIVs BatIVs NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 11 might may MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 12 hijack hijack VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 13 APCs apc NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 14 such such JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 15 as as IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 16 B b NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 17 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 18 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 19 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 20 cells cell NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 21 for for IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 22 viral viral JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 23 dissemination dissemination NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 24 and/or and/or CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 25 survival survival NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 26 perhaps perhaps RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 27 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 28 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 29 early early JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 30 stages stage NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 31 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 32 infection infection NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 73 33 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 74 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 74 2 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 74 3 unknown unknown JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 74 4 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 74 5 what what WDT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 74 6 degree degree NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 74 7 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 74 8 binding binding NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 74 9 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 74 10 APCs apc NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 74 11 might may MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 74 12 influence influence VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 74 13 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 74 14 global global JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 74 15 outcome outcome NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 74 16 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 74 17 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 74 18 host host NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 74 19 immune immune JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 74 20 responses response NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 74 21 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 75 1 A a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 75 2 blockade blockade NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 75 3 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 75 4 TCR TCR NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 75 5 recognition recognition NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 75 6 by by IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 75 7 steric steric JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 75 8 hindrance hindrance NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 75 9 as as IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 75 10 described describe VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 75 11 for for IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 75 12 Epstein Epstein NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 75 13 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 75 14 Barr Barr NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 75 15 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 75 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 76 1 Ressing Ressing NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 76 2 et et FW cord-264401-9ogs55xr 76 3 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 76 4 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 77 1 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 77 2 2003 2003 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 77 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 77 4 Ressing Ressing NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 77 5 et et FW cord-264401-9ogs55xr 77 6 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 77 7 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 78 1 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 78 2 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 78 3 2005 2005 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 79 1 Wiertz Wiertz NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 79 2 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 79 3 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 79 4 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 79 5 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 79 6 2007 2007 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 79 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 79 8 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 79 9 could could MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 79 10 explain explain VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 79 11 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 79 12 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 79 13 status status NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 79 14 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 79 15 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 79 16 infection infection NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 79 17 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 79 18 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 79 19 captured capture VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 79 20 New New NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 79 21 World World NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 79 22 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 79 23 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 1 The the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 2 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 3 neuraminidases neuraminidase NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 5 NAs NAs NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 7 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 8 structurally structurally RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 9 similar similar JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 10 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 11 classical classical JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 12 NAs na NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 13 but but CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 14 lack lack JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 15 conserved conserved JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 16 amino amino NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 17 acids acid NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 18 for for IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 19 SA sa NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 20 binding binding NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 21 or or CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 22 cleavage cleavage NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 23 Zhu Zhu NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 24 et et FW cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 25 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 26 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 27 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 28 2012 2012 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 80 30 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 2 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 3 unlike unlike IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 4 classical classical JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 5 NAs NAs NNPS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 6 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 7 they -PRON- PRP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 8 display display VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 9 no no DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 10 enzymatic enzymatic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 11 activity activity NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 13 Garcia Garcia NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 14 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 15 Sastre Sastre NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 16 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 17 2012 2012 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 18 ; ; : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 19 Carnell Carnell NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 20 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 21 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 22 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 23 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 24 2018 2018 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 26 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 27 have have VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 28 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 29 dispensable dispensable JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 30 role role NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 31 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 32 viral viral JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 81 33 entry entry NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 2 Hoffmann Hoffmann NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 3 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 4 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 5 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 6 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 7 2016 2016 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 8 ; ; : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 9 Maruyama Maruyama NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 10 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 11 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 12 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 13 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 14 2016 2016 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 15 ; ; : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 16 Giotis Giotis NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 17 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 18 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 19 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 20 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 21 2019 2019 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 23 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 24 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 25 function function NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 26 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 27 not not RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 28 yet yet RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 29 elucidated elucidate VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 82 30 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 1 Recent recent JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 2 studies study NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 3 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 4 that that IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 5 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 6 passage passage NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 7 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 8 reverse reverse JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 9 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 10 genetics genetics NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 11 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 12 generated generate VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 13 H18N11 H18N11 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 14 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 15 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 16 cell cell NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 17 cultures culture NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 18 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 19 accumulates accumulate VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 20 mutations mutation NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 21 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 22 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 23 N11 N11 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 24 protein protein NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 25 that that WDT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 26 increase increase VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 27 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 28 titers titer NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 29 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 30 culture culture NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 31 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 32 may may MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 33 enhance enhance VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 34 organ organ NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 35 tropism tropism NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 36 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 37 vivo vivo NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 39 Zhong Zhong NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 40 et et FW cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 41 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 42 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 43 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 44 2019 2019 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 83 46 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 84 1 Ciminski Ciminski NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 84 2 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 84 3 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 84 4 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 1 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 2 by by IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 3 utilizing utilize VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 4 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 5 chimeric chimeric JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 6 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 7 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 8 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 10 PR8-H18N11 pr8-h18n11 NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 12 that that IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 13 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 14 encoding encode VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 15 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 16 full full JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 17 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 18 length length NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 19 N11 N11 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 20 protein protein NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 21 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 22 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 23 growth growth NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 24 advantage advantage NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 25 over over IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 26 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 27 that that WDT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 28 encode encode VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 29 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 30 truncated truncated JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 31 protein protein NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 32 version version NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 33 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 34 also also RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 35 showed show VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 36 that that IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 37 N11 N11 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 38 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 39 essential essential JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 40 for for IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 41 viral viral JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 85 42 transmission transmission NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 86 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 86 2 Ciminski Ciminski NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 86 3 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 86 4 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 86 5 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 86 6 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 86 7 2019b 2019b CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 86 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 86 9 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 87 1 Another another DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 87 2 study study NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 87 3 showed show VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 87 4 that that IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 87 5 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 87 6 N10 N10 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 87 7 protein protein NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 87 8 facilitates facilitate VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 87 9 heterosubtypic heterosubtypic NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 87 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 87 11 H5 H5 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 87 12 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 87 13 H7 H7 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 87 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 1 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 2 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 3 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 4 bearing bear VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 5 pseudotype pseudotype NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 6 release release NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 7 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 8 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 9 absence absence NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 10 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 11 another another DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 12 source source NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 13 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 14 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 15 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 16 indicating indicate VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 17 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 18 possible possible JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 19 role role NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 20 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 21 N10 N10 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 22 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 23 viral viral JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 24 release release NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 26 Carnell Carnell NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 27 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 28 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 29 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 30 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 31 2018 2018 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 88 33 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 2 has have VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 3 been be VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 4 proposed propose VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 5 that that IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 6 N11 N11 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 7 downregulates downregulate VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 8 MHC MHC NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 9 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 10 II II NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 11 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 12 thereby thereby RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 13 facilitating facilitate VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 14 virion virion NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 15 release release NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 16 but but CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 17 mechanistic mechanistic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 18 data datum NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 19 for for IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 20 such such JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 21 function function NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 22 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 23 as as RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 24 yet yet RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 25 missing miss VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 27 Ciminski Ciminski NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 28 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 29 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 30 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 31 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 32 2019b 2019b CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 89 34 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 90 1 There there EX cord-264401-9ogs55xr 90 2 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 90 3 no no DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 90 4 evidence evidence NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 90 5 that that IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 90 6 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 90 7 functional functional JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 90 8 balance balance NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 90 9 exists exist VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 90 10 between between IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 90 11 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 90 12 HAs have VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 90 13 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 90 14 NAs NAs NNPS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 90 15 although although IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 90 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 90 17 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 90 18 possible possible JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 90 19 that that IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 90 20 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 90 21 proteins protein NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 90 22 coordinate coordinate VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 90 23 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 90 24 actions action NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 90 25 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 91 1 Despite despite IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 91 2 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 91 3 recent recent JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 91 4 progress progress NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 91 5 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 91 6 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 91 7 understanding understanding NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 91 8 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 91 9 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 91 10 exact exact JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 91 11 function function NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 91 12 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 91 13 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 91 14 NAs NAs NNPS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 91 15 remains remain VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 91 16 an an DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 91 17 enticing enticing JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 91 18 mystery mystery NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 91 19 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 92 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 92 2 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 92 3 now now RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 92 4 becoming become VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 92 5 more more RBR cord-264401-9ogs55xr 92 6 evident evident JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 92 7 that that IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 92 8 BatIVs bativs WRB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 92 9 may may MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 92 10 transmit transmit VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 92 11 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 92 12 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 92 13 different different JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 92 14 manner manner NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 92 15 than than IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 92 16 conventional conventional JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 92 17 flu flu NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 92 18 strains strain NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 92 19 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 93 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 93 2 has have VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 93 3 recently recently RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 93 4 been be VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 93 5 shown show VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 93 6 that that IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 93 7 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 93 8 H18N11 H18N11 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 93 9 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 93 10 readily readily RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 93 11 transmits transmit VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 93 12 between between IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 93 13 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 93 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 93 15 Ciminski Ciminski NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 93 16 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 93 17 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 93 18 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 93 19 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 93 20 2019b 2019b CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 93 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 93 22 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 94 1 Following follow VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 94 2 experimental experimental JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 94 3 intranasal intranasal NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 94 4 H18N11 h18n11 NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 94 5 infection infection NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 94 6 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 94 7 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 94 8 Neotropical Neotropical NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 94 9 Phylostomidae Phylostomidae NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 94 10 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 94 11 species specie NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 95 1 Artibeus Artibeus NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 95 2 jamaicensis jamaicensi NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 95 3 shed shed VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 95 4 high high JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 95 5 viral viral JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 95 6 loads load NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 95 7 via via IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 95 8 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 95 9 fecal fecal JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 95 10 route route NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 95 11 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 95 12 were be VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 95 13 able able JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 95 14 to to TO cord-264401-9ogs55xr 95 15 infect infect VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 95 16 naïve naïve JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 95 17 contact contact NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 95 18 animals animal NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 96 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 96 2 Ciminski Ciminski NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 96 3 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 96 4 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 96 5 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 96 6 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 96 7 2019b 2019b CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 96 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 96 9 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 1 Histopathological Histopathological NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 2 analysis analysis NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 3 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 4 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 5 infected infected JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 6 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 7 indicated indicate VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 8 that that IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 9 viral viral JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 10 replication replication NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 11 proceeds proceed NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 12 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 13 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 14 follicle follicle NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 15 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 16 associated associate VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 17 epithelium epithelium NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 18 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 19 gutassociated gutassociate VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 20 lymphoid lymphoid JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 21 tissue tissue NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 22 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 23 suggesting suggest VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 24 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 25 uptake uptake NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 26 from from IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 27 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 28 gastrointestinal gastrointestinal JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 29 lumen lumen NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 31 Ciminski Ciminski NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 32 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 33 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 34 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 35 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 36 2019b 2019b CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 38 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 39 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 40 line line NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 41 with with IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 42 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 43 rich rich JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 44 gut gut NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 45 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 46 expression expression NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 47 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 48 MHC MHC NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 49 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 50 II II NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 52 Wosen Wosen NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 53 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 54 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 55 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 56 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 57 2018 2018 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 97 59 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 98 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 98 2 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 98 3 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 98 4 researchers researcher NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 98 5 detected detect VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 98 6 high high JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 98 7 loads load NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 98 8 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 98 9 H18N11 h18n11 JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 98 10 viral viral JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 98 11 transcripts transcript NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 98 12 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 98 13 rectal rectal JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 98 14 swabs swab NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 98 15 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 98 16 excretions excretion NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 98 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 98 18 Ciminski Ciminski NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 98 19 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 98 20 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 98 21 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 98 22 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 98 23 2019b 2019b CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 98 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 98 25 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 1 Collectively collectively RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 2 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 3 these these DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 4 findings finding NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 5 imply imply VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 6 that that IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 7 an an DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 8 environmental environmental JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 10 fecal fecal JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 11 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 12 oral oral JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 14 mode mode NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 15 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 16 BatIVs bativs JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 17 transmission transmission NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 18 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 19 more more RBR cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 20 likely likely JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 21 than than IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 22 an an DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 23 airborne airborne JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 24 one one NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 25 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 26 albeit albeit IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 27 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 28 latter latter NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 29 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 30 not not RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 31 yet yet RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 32 compellingly compellingly RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 33 disproved disprove VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 99 34 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 100 1 Other other JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 100 2 infection infection NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 100 3 routes route NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 100 4 including include VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 100 5 subcutaneous subcutaneous JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 100 6 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 100 7 transplacental transplacental NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 100 8 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 100 9 vaginal vaginal JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 100 10 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 100 11 intracranial intracranial JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 100 12 infections infection NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 100 13 have have VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 100 14 not not RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 100 15 yet yet RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 100 16 been be VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 100 17 reported report VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 100 18 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 1 In in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 2 contrast contrast NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 3 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 4 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 5 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 6 H18N11 H18N11 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 7 has have VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 8 been be VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 9 reported report VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 10 to to TO cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 11 have have VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 12 limited limit VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 13 replicative replicative JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 14 ability ability NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 15 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 16 laboratory laboratory NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 17 mice mouse NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 18 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 19 more more RBR cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 20 interestingly interestingly RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 21 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 22 ferrets ferret NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 23 which which WDT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 24 share share VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 25 similar similar JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 26 lung lung NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 27 physiology physiology NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 28 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 29 SA SA NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 30 distributions distribution NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 31 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 101 32 humans human NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 102 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 102 2 Ciminski Ciminski NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 102 3 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 102 4 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 102 5 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 102 6 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 102 7 2019b 2019b CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 102 8 ; ; : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 103 1 Karakus Karakus NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 103 2 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 103 3 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 103 4 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 103 5 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 103 6 2019 2019 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 104 1 ; ; : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 104 2 Zhong Zhong NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 104 3 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 104 4 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 104 5 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 104 6 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 104 7 2019 2019 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 104 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 104 9 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 105 1 Whether whether IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 105 2 these these DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 105 3 observations observation NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 105 4 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 105 5 animal animal NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 105 6 / / SYM cord-264401-9ogs55xr 105 7 infectionroute infectionroute NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 105 8 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 105 9 dependent dependent JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 105 10 or or CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 105 11 they -PRON- PRP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 105 12 actually actually RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 105 13 reflect reflect VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 105 14 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 105 15 low low JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 105 16 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 105 17 risk risk NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 105 18 for for IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 105 19 BatIVs BatIVs NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 105 20 remains remain VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 105 21 to to TO cord-264401-9ogs55xr 105 22 be be VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 105 23 seen see VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 105 24 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 1 In in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 2 absence absence NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 3 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 4 conclusive conclusive JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 5 scientific scientific JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 6 proof proof NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 7 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 8 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 9 question question NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 10 remains remain VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 11 as as IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 12 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 13 whether whether IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 14 BatIVs BatIVs NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 15 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 16 confined confine VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 17 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 18 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 19 sylvatic sylvatic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 20 transmission transmission NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 21 cycle cycle NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 22 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 23 perpetuate perpetuate VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 24 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 25 Neotropical Neotropical NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 26 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 27 populations population NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 28 or or CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 29 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 30 capable capable JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 31 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 32 urban urban JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 33 adaptation adaptation NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 106 34 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 1 Anthropogenic anthropogenic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 2 disruptions disruption NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 3 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 4 ecological ecological JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 5 habitats habitat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 6 that that WDT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 7 led lead VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 8 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 9 urban urban JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 10 transmission transmission NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 11 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 12 other other JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 13 enzootic enzootic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 14 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 15 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 17 i.e. i.e. FW cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 18 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 19 HeV hev NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 20 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 21 NiV NiV NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 23 have have VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 24 been be VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 25 extensively extensively RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 26 described describe VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 27 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 28 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 29 scientific scientific JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 30 literature literature NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 107 31 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 1 Despite despite IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 2 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 3 increasing increase VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 4 disturbances disturbance NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 5 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 6 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 7 fire fire NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 8 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 9 prone prone JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 10 Neotropical Neotropical NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 11 forests forest NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 12 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 13 New New NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 14 World World NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 15 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 16 have have VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 17 not not RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 18 yet yet RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 19 been be VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 20 implicated implicate VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 21 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 22 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 23 transmission transmission NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 24 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 25 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 26 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 27 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 28 other other JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 29 than than IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 30 rabies rabie NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 31 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 32 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 33 humans human NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 35 Moratelli Moratelli NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 36 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 37 Calisher Calisher NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 38 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 39 2015 2015 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 108 41 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 109 1 Even even RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 109 2 so so RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 109 3 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 109 4 Latin Latin NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 109 5 America America NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 109 6 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 109 7 home home NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 109 8 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 109 9 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 109 10 richest rich JJS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 109 11 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 109 12 most most RBS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 109 13 diverse diverse JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 109 14 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 109 15 fauna fauna NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 109 16 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 109 17 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 109 18 world world NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 110 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 110 2 Figure figure NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 110 3 1 1 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 110 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 110 5 including include VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 110 6 almost almost RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 110 7 150 150 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 110 8 Phyllostomidae Phyllostomidae NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 110 9 species specie NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 110 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 110 11 Jenkins Jenkins NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 110 12 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 110 13 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 110 14 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 110 15 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 110 16 2013 2013 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 110 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 110 18 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 110 19 which which WDT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 110 20 BatIVs bativs JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 110 21 have have VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 110 22 been be VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 110 23 detected detect VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 110 24 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 1 Unlike unlike IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 2 African african JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 3 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 4 Asian asian JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 5 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 6 which which WDT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 7 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 8 consumed consume VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 9 regularly regularly RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 10 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 11 New New NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 12 World World NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 13 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 14 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 15 only only RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 16 eaten eat VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 17 by by IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 18 few few JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 19 native native JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 20 indigenous indigenous JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 21 people people NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 23 Moratelli Moratelli NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 24 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 25 Calisher Calisher NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 26 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 27 2015 2015 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 111 29 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 112 1 A a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 112 2 possible possible JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 112 3 exposure exposure NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 112 4 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 112 5 infected infected JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 112 6 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 112 7 blood blood NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 112 8 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 112 9 body body NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 112 10 fluids fluid NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 112 11 may may MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 112 12 hypothetically hypothetically RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 112 13 create create VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 112 14 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 112 15 pathway pathway NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 112 16 for for IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 112 17 disease disease NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 112 18 transmission transmission NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 112 19 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 112 20 humans human NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 112 21 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 1 Another another DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 2 scenario scenario NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 3 may may MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 4 involve involve VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 5 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 6 accidental accidental JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 7 introduction introduction NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 8 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 9 BatIVs bativs IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 10 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 11 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 12 local local JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 13 fauna fauna NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 14 or or CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 15 other other JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 16 Phyllostomidae Phyllostomidae NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 17 species specie NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 18 such such JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 19 as as IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 20 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 21 widespread widespread JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 22 bloodeating bloodeate VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 23 vampire vampire NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 24 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 26 Desmodus Desmodus NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 27 rotundus rotundus NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 29 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 30 which which WDT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 31 thrives thrive VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 32 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 33 both both DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 34 native native JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 35 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 36 anthropogenically anthropogenically RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 37 transformed transform VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 113 38 ecosystems ecosystem NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 114 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 114 2 Bergner Bergner NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 114 3 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 114 4 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 114 5 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 114 6 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 114 7 2020 2020 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 114 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 114 9 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 1 Vampire vampire NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 2 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 3 have have VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 4 long long RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 5 been be VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 6 suspected suspect VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 7 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 8 passing pass VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 9 on on IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 10 rabies rabie NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 11 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 12 humans human NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 13 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 14 livestock livestock NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 15 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 16 Latin Latin NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 17 America America NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 18 by by IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 19 biting bite VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 20 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 21 scratching scratch VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 23 Rupprecht Rupprecht NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 24 et et FW cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 25 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 26 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 27 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 28 2002 2002 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 115 30 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 2 will will MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 3 be be VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 4 useful useful JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 5 to to TO cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 6 explore explore VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 7 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 8 future future JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 9 studies study NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 10 whether whether IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 11 haematophagous haematophagous JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 12 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 13 can can MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 14 act act VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 15 as as IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 16 maintenance maintenance NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 17 hosts host NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 18 for for IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 19 BatIVs bativs JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 20 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 21 if if IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 23 biting biting NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 24 can can MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 25 form form VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 26 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 27 potential potential JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 28 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 29 transmission transmission NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 30 route route NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 31 either either CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 32 directly directly RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 33 or or CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 34 through through IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 35 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 36 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 37 hosts host NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 116 38 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 1 BatIVs bativs RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 2 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 3 like like IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 4 all all DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 5 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 6 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 7 have have VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 8 to to TO cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 9 compromise compromise VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 10 with with IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 11 positive positive JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 12 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 13 negative negative JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 14 genetic genetic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 15 factors factor NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 16 present present JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 17 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 18 target target NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 19 cells cell NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 20 for for IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 22 survival survival NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 23 at at IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 24 each each DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 25 replication replication NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 26 stage stage NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 117 27 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 1 Little little JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 2 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 3 known know VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 4 regarding regard VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 5 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 6 interaction interaction NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 7 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 8 BatIV bativ NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 9 proteins protein NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 10 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 12 with with IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 13 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 14 host host NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 15 or or CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 16 viral viral JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 17 factors factor NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 18 even even RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 19 though though IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 20 such such JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 21 interactions interaction NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 22 may may MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 23 determine determine VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 24 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 25 fate fate NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 26 and/or and/or CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 27 efficiency efficiency NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 28 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 29 infection infection NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 30 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 31 transmission transmission NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 32 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 33 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 34 epidemic epidemic NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 35 potential potential NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 36 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 37 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 38 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 118 39 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 1 Previous previous JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 2 studies study NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 3 revealed reveal VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 4 that that IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 5 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 6 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 7 Nonstructural Nonstructural NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 8 NS1 ns1 NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 9 proteins protein NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 10 can can MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 11 act act VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 12 as as IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 13 interferon interferon NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 15 IFN IFN NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 17 antagonists antagonist NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 18 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 19 human human JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 20 cells cell NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 21 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 22 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 23 likely likely RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 24 inhibit inhibit VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 25 induction induction NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 26 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 27 IFN IFN NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 28 at at IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 29 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 30 pretranscriptional pretranscriptional JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 31 level level NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 33 Ciminski Ciminski NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 34 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 35 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 36 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 37 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 38 2017 2017 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 119 40 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 1 More more RBR cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 2 recently recently RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 3 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 5 has have VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 6 been be VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 7 shown show VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 8 that that IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 9 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 10 IFN IFN NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 11 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 12 induced induce VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 13 human human JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 14 MxA MxA NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 15 protein protein NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 16 controls control VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 17 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 18 replication replication NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 19 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 20 H18N11 H18N11 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 21 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 22 but but CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 24 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 25 not not RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 26 clear clear JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 27 whether whether IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 28 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 29 MxA mxa NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 30 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 31 escape escape NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 32 mutations mutation NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 33 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 34 H18N11 H18N11 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 35 NP NP NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 36 can can MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 37 be be VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 38 acquired acquire VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 39 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 40 vivo vivo NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 41 that that WDT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 42 could could MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 43 potentially potentially RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 44 result result VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 45 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 46 full full JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 47 MxA mxa NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 48 resistance resistance NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 50 Ciminski Ciminski NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 51 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 52 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 53 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 54 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 55 2019a 2019a CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 120 57 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 121 1 Nearly nearly RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 121 2 all all DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 121 3 lab lab NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 121 4 work work NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 121 5 examining examine VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 121 6 host host NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 121 7 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 121 8 viral viral JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 121 9 immune immune NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 121 10 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 121 11 modulating modulate VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 121 12 proteins protein NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 121 13 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 121 14 performed perform VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 121 15 with with IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 121 16 human human JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 121 17 / / SYM cord-264401-9ogs55xr 121 18 rodent rodent NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 121 19 cell cell NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 121 20 lines line NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 121 21 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 122 1 The the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 122 2 difficulty difficulty NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 122 3 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 122 4 interpreting interpret VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 122 5 these these DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 122 6 data datum NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 122 7 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 122 8 that that IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 122 9 evolutionarilyoptimized evolutionarilyoptimize VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 122 10 immune immune JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 122 11 factors factor NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 122 12 behave behave VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 122 13 differently differently RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 122 14 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 122 15 non non JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 122 16 - - JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 122 17 natural natural JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 122 18 hosts host NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 122 19 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 123 1 Certainly certainly RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 123 2 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 123 3 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 123 4 kinetic kinetic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 123 5 analyses analysis NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 123 6 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 123 7 immuneresponses immuneresponse NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 123 8 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 123 9 BatIVs bativs RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 123 10 using use VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 123 11 primary primary JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 123 12 or or CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 123 13 immortalized immortalize VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 123 14 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 123 15 cell cell NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 123 16 lines line NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 123 17 will will MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 123 18 be be VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 123 19 particularly particularly RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 123 20 informative informative JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 123 21 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 1 For for IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 2 instance instance NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 3 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 4 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 5 comparison comparison NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 6 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 7 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 8 transcriptome transcriptome NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 9 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 10 BatIV bativ NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 11 infected infect VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 12 versus versus IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 13 uninfected uninfected JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 14 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 15 cells cell NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 16 could could MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 17 help help VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 18 us -PRON- PRP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 19 identify identify VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 20 specific specific JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 21 immune immune JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 22 genes gene NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 23 contributing contribute VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 24 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 25 host host NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 26 resistance resistance NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 27 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 28 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 29 molecular molecular JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 30 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 31 underlying underlie VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 32 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 33 viral viral JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 34 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 124 35 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 1 Reassortment Reassortment NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 2 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 3 gene gene NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 4 segments segment NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 5 between between IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 6 co co NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 7 - - JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 8 infecting infect VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 9 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 10 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 11 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 12 key key JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 13 process process NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 14 mediating mediate VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 15 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 16 genetic genetic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 17 evolution evolution NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 18 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 19 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 20 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 21 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 22 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 23 generation generation NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 24 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 25 novel novel JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 26 epidemic epidemic NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 27 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 28 pandemic pandemic NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 29 strains strain NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 125 30 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 1 BatIVs bativ NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 2 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 3 able able JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 4 to to TO cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 5 reassort reassort VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 6 between between IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 7 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 8 but but CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 9 not not RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 10 with with IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 11 conventional conventional JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 12 IAVs iav NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 13 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 14 vitro vitro FW cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 16 Juozapaitis Juozapaitis NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 17 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 18 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 19 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 20 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 21 2014 2014 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 22 ; ; : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 23 Zhou Zhou NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 24 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 25 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 26 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 27 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 28 2014 2014 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 126 30 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 1 Generation generation NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 2 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 3 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 4 chimeric chimeric JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 5 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 6 was be VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 7 only only RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 8 possible possible JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 9 when when WRB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 10 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 11 HA HA NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 12 / / SYM cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 13 NA NA NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 14 coding coding NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 15 regions region NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 16 were be VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 17 flanked flank VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 18 with with IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 19 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 20 authentic authentic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 21 BatIV bativ NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 22 packaging packaging NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 23 signals signal NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 24 demonstrating demonstrate VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 25 packaging packaging NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 26 incompatibilities incompatibility NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 27 between between IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 28 IAVs iav NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 29 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 127 30 BatIVs BatIVs NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 128 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 128 2 Juozapaitis Juozapaitis NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 128 3 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 128 4 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 128 5 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 128 6 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 128 7 2014 2014 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 129 1 ; ; : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 129 2 Zhou Zhou NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 129 3 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 129 4 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 129 5 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 130 1 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 130 2 2014 2014 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 130 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 130 4 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 1 This this DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 2 finding finding NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 3 dismisses dismiss VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 4 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 5 scenario scenario NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 6 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 7 emergence emergence NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 8 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 9 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 10 new new JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 11 " " `` cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 12 reassortant reassortant JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 13 " " '' cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 14 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 15 with with IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 16 human human JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 17 / / SYM cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 18 avian avian JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 19 IAVs iav NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 20 unless unless IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 21 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 22 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 23 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 24 undergo undergo VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 25 major major JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 26 genetic genetic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 27 changes change NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 28 over over IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 29 time time NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 131 30 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 1 However however RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 2 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 3 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 4 abilities ability NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 5 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 6 BatIVs bativs WRB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 7 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 9 i i NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 11 reassort reassort VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 12 between between IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 13 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 14 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 16 ii ii NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 18 to to TO cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 19 mutate mutate VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 20 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 21 order order NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 22 to to TO cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 23 infect infect VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 24 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 25 transmit transmit VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 26 sustainably sustainably RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 27 among among IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 28 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 29 hosts host NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 30 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 31 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 33 iii iii NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 35 enter enter VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 36 human human JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 37 HLA HLA NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 38 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 39 DR DR NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 40 + + CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 41 cells cell NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 42 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 43 highlight highlight VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 44 that that IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 45 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 46 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 47 transmission transmission NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 48 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 49 BatIVs bativs NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 50 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 51 theoretically theoretically RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 52 possible possible JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 132 53 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 1 The the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 2 documented document VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 3 spillover spillover NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 4 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 5 other other JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 6 nonreassortant nonreassortant JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 7 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 8 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 9 borne bear VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 11 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 12 following follow VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 13 continued continue VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 14 hostpathogen hostpathogen NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 15 interaction interaction NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 17 i.e. i.e. FW cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 18 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 19 NiV niv NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 20 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 21 EBOV EBOV NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 23 lends lend VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 24 certain certain JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 25 credence credence NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 26 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 27 this this DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 28 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 29 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 30 albeit albeit IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 31 clearly clearly RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 32 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 33 supporting support VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 34 evidence evidence NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 35 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 36 lacking lack VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 133 37 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 1 To to TO cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 2 explore explore VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 3 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 4 ecological ecological JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 5 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 6 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 7 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 8 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 9 these these DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 10 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 11 possibly possibly RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 12 other other JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 13 unknown unknown JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 14 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 15 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 16 A a NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 17 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 18 like like JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 19 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 20 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 21 further further JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 22 prevalence prevalence NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 23 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 24 serological serological JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 25 studies study NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 26 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 27 Neotropical Neotropical NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 28 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 29 populations population NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 30 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 31 required require VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 32 coupled couple VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 33 with with IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 34 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 35 surveillance surveillance NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 36 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 37 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 38 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 39 exposed expose VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 40 humans human NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 41 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 42 livestock livestock NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 134 43 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 135 1 Surveys survey NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 135 2 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 135 3 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 135 4 colonies colony NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 135 5 have have VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 135 6 previously previously RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 135 7 led lead VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 135 8 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 135 9 identification identification NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 135 10 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 135 11 other other JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 135 12 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 135 13 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 135 14 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 135 15 including include VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 135 16 HeV hev RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 135 17 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 135 18 Pteropus Pteropus NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 135 19 sp sp NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 135 20 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 1 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 2 Australia Australia NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 3 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 4 NiV niv NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 5 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 6 Pteropus Pteropus NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 7 lylei lylei NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 8 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 9 Thailand Thailand NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 10 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 11 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 12 MARV MARV NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 13 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 14 Rousettus Rousettus NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 15 aegyptiacus aegyptiacus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 16 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 17 Uganda Uganda NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 19 Wacharapluesadee Wacharapluesadee NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 20 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 21 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 22 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 23 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 24 2010 2010 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 25 ; ; : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 26 Amman Amman NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 27 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 28 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 136 29 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 137 1 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 137 2 2012 2012 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 137 3 ; ; : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 137 4 Field Field NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 137 5 et et FW cord-264401-9ogs55xr 137 6 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 137 7 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 137 8 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 137 9 2015 2015 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 137 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 137 11 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 1 A a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 2 computational computational JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 3 study study NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 4 which which WDT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 5 used use VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 6 spatial spatial JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 7 empirical empirical JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 8 models model NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 9 to to TO cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 10 trace trace VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 11 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 12 steps step NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 13 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 14 emergence emergence NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 15 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 16 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 17 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 18 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 19 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 20 transmission transmission NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 21 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 22 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 23 humans human NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 24 pinpointed pinpoint VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 25 sub sub NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 26 - - NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 27 Saharan Saharan NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 28 Africa Africa NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 29 as as IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 30 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 31 top top JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 32 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 33 priority priority NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 34 location location NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 35 for for IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 36 pathogen pathogen NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 37 discovery discovery NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 38 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 39 wildlife wildlife NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 41 Brierley Brierley NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 42 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 43 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 44 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 45 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 46 2016 2016 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 138 48 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 139 1 West West NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 139 2 Subsaharan Subsaharan NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 139 3 Africa Africa NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 139 4 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 139 5 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 139 6 particular particular JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 139 7 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 139 8 hosts host VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 139 9 enormous enormous JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 139 10 populations population NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 139 11 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 139 12 sedentary sedentary JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 139 13 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 139 14 migrating migrate VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 139 15 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 139 16 living live VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 139 17 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 139 18 proximity proximity NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 139 19 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 139 20 human human JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 139 21 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 139 22 animal animal NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 139 23 populations population NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 139 24 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 1 Considering consider VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 2 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 3 number number NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 4 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 5 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 6 morbidity morbidity NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 7 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 8 mortality mortality NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 9 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 10 emerging emerge VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 11 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 12 that that WDT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 13 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 14 hosted host VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 15 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 16 African african JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 17 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 18 as as RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 19 well well RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 20 as as IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 21 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 22 serological serological JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 23 evidence evidence NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 24 against against IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 25 IAVs iav NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 27 Freidl Freidl NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 28 et et NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 29 al al NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 30 . . NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 31 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 32 2015 2015 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 34 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 35 future future JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 36 surveillance surveillance NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 37 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 38 serological serological JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 39 studies study NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 40 could could MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 41 lead lead VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 42 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 43 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 44 identification identification NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 45 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 46 novel novel JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 47 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 48 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 49 subtypes subtype NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 140 50 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 141 1 In in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 141 2 summary summary NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 141 3 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 141 4 BatIVs BatIVs NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 141 5 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 141 6 unconventional unconventional JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 141 7 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 141 8 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 141 9 that that WDT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 141 10 resemble resemble VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 141 11 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 141 12 some some DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 141 13 extent extent NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 141 14 more more JJR cord-264401-9ogs55xr 141 15 paramyxoviruses paramyxovirus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 141 16 rather rather RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 141 17 than than IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 141 18 typical typical JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 141 19 orthomyxoviruses orthomyxovirus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 141 20 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 1 Despite despite IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 2 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 3 recent recent JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 4 findings finding NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 5 on on IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 6 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 7 cell cell NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 8 entry entry NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 9 factors factor NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 10 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 11 NAs na NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 12 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 13 these these DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 14 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 15 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 17 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 18 clear clear JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 19 that that IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 20 we -PRON- PRP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 21 only only RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 22 scratched scratch VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 23 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 24 surface surface NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 25 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 26 terms term NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 27 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 28 characterization characterization NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 29 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 30 these these DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 31 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 142 32 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 1 The the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 2 scientific scientific JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 3 evidence evidence NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 4 so so RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 5 far far RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 6 indicate indicate VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 7 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 8 limited limited JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 9 spillover spillover NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 10 risk risk NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 11 but but CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 12 data data NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 13 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 14 not not RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 15 conclusive conclusive JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 16 enough enough RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 17 to to TO cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 18 dismiss dismiss VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 19 out out IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 20 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 21 hand hand NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 22 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 23 possibility possibility NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 24 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 25 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 26 transmission transmission NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 143 27 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 1 Forecasting forecast VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 2 viral viral JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 3 spillover spillover NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 4 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 5 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 6 challenging challenging JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 7 task task NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 8 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 9 additional additional JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 10 interdisciplinary interdisciplinary NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 11 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 12 more more JJR cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 13 up up IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 14 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 15 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 16 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 17 date date NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 18 approaches approach NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 19 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 20 warranted warrant VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 21 to to TO cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 22 fully fully RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 23 appreciate appreciate VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 24 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 25 ecology ecology NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 26 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 27 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 28 implications implication NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 29 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 30 these these DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 31 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 32 for for IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 33 public public JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 34 health health NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 144 35 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 1 Future future JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 2 studies study NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 3 on on IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 4 BatIVs BatIVs NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 5 hold hold VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 6 extra extra JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 7 value value NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 8 as as IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 9 they -PRON- PRP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 10 can can MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 11 provide provide VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 12 broader broad JJR cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 13 mechanistic mechanistic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 14 insights insight NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 15 into into IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 16 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 17 molecular molecular JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 18 biology biology NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 19 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 20 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 21 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 22 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 23 might may MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 24 inform inform VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 25 translational translational JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 26 studies study NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 145 27 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 146 1 The the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 146 2 author author NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 146 3 confirms confirm VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 146 4 being be VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 146 5 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 146 6 sole sole JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 146 7 contributor contributor NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 146 8 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 146 9 this this DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 146 10 work work NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 146 11 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 146 12 has have VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 146 13 approved approve VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 146 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 146 15 for for IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 146 16 publication publication NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 146 17 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 147 1 EG EG NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 147 2 was be VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 147 3 supported support VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 147 4 by by IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 147 5 funding fund VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 147 6 from from IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 147 7 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 147 8 Wellcome Wellcome NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 147 9 Trust Trust NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 147 10 New New NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 147 11 Investigator Investigator NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 147 12 award award NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 147 13 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 147 14 Marcus Marcus NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 147 15 Dorner Dorner NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 147 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 147 17 104771 104771 CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 147 18 / / SYM cord-264401-9ogs55xr 147 19 Z/14 Z/14 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 147 20 / / SYM cord-264401-9ogs55xr 147 21 Z Z NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 147 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 147 23 . . . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 1 Seasonal seasonal JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 2 pulses pulse NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 3 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 4 Marburg Marburg NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 5 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 6 circulation circulation NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 7 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 8 juvenile juvenile JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 9 rousettus rousettus NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 10 aegyptiacus aegyptiacus NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 11 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 12 coincide coincide VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 13 with with IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 14 periods period NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 15 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 16 increased increase VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 17 risk risk NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 18 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 19 human human JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 20 infection infection NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 21 Demographic demographic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 22 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 23 environmental environmental JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 24 drivers driver NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 25 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 26 metagenomic metagenomic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 27 viral viral JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 28 diversity diversity NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 29 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 30 vampire vampire NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 31 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 32 Quantifying quantify VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 33 global global JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 34 drivers driver NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 35 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 36 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 37 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 38 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 39 : : : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 40 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 41 process process NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 42 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 43 based base VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 44 perspective perspective NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 45 Bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 46 : : : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 47 important important JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 48 reservoir reservoir NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 49 hosts host NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 50 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 51 emerging emerge VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 148 52 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 149 1 Bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 149 2 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 149 3 A(HL18NL11 A(HL18NL11 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 149 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 149 5 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 149 6 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 149 7 fruit fruit NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 149 8 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 1 The the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 2 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 3 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 4 H17N10 h17n10 NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 5 can can MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 6 be be VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 7 neutralized neutralize VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 8 by by IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 9 broadly broadly RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 10 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 11 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 12 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 13 antibodies antibody NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 14 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 16 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 17 can can MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 18 facilitate facilitate VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 19 viral viral JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 20 egress egress NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 21 Avian avian JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 22 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 23 human human JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 24 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 25 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 26 compatible compatible JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 27 sialic sialic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 28 acid acid NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 29 receptors receptor NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 30 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 31 little little JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 32 brown brown JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 150 33 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 1 Human human JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 2 MxA mxa NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 3 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 4 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 5 potent potent JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 6 interspecies interspecie NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 7 barrier barrier NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 8 for for IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 9 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 10 novel novel JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 11 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 12 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 13 derived derive VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 14 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 15 A a NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 16 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 17 like like JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 18 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 19 H18N11 h18n11 NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 20 Bat Bat NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 21 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 22 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 23 transmit transmit VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 24 among among IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 25 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 26 but but CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 27 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 28 poorly poorly RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 29 adapted adapt VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 30 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 31 non non JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 32 - - JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 33 bat bat JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 151 34 species specie NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 152 1 Novel novel JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 152 2 insights insight NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 152 3 into into IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 152 4 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 153 1 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 153 2 A a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 153 3 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 1 Bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 2 cells cell NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 3 from from IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 4 Pteropus Pteropus NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 5 alecto alecto NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 6 are be VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 7 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 8 to to IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 9 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 10 A a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 11 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 12 infection infection NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 13 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 14 reassortment reassortment NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 15 No no DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 16 virological virological JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 17 evidence evidence NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 18 for for IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 19 an an DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 20 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 21 A a NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 22 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 23 like like JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 24 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 25 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 26 European european JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 27 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 28 Spatiotemporal spatiotemporal JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 29 aspects aspect NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 30 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 31 Hendra Hendra NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 32 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 33 infection infection NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 34 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 35 Pteropid Pteropid NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 36 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 38 flying flying NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 39 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 40 foxes fox NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 42 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 43 Eastern Eastern NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 44 Australia Australia NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 45 Serological serological JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 46 evidence evidence NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 47 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 48 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 49 A a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 50 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 51 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 52 frugivorous frugivorous JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 53 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 54 from from IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 154 55 Africa Africa NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 1 The the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 2 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 3 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 4 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 5 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 6 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 7 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 8 not not RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 9 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 10 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 11 Entry Entry NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 12 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 13 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 14 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 15 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 16 H17N10 H17N10 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 17 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 18 into into IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 19 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 20 cells cell NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 21 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 22 enabled enable VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 23 by by IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 24 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 25 MHC MHC NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 26 class class NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 27 II II NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 28 HLA HLA NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 29 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 30 DR DR NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 31 receptor receptor NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 32 Ecology ecology NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 33 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 34 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 35 infectious infectious JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 36 diseases disease NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 37 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 38 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 39 : : : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 40 current current JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 41 knowledge knowledge NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 42 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 43 future future JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 155 44 directions direction NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 1 The the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 2 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 3 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 4 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 5 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 6 associated associate VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 7 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 8 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 9 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 10 activated activate VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 11 by by IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 12 TMPRSS2 TMPRSS2 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 13 for for IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 14 pH ph NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 15 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 16 dependent dependent JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 17 entry entry NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 18 into into IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 19 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 20 but but CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 21 not not RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 22 human human JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 23 cells cell NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 24 Antigenic antigenic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 25 determinants determinant NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 26 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 27 human human JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 28 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 29 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 30 among among IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 31 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 32 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 33 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 34 isolated isolate VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 35 from from IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 36 animals animal NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 37 Global global JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 38 patterns pattern NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 39 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 40 terrestrial terrestrial JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 41 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 42 diversity diversity NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 43 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 44 conservation conservation NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 45 MHC MHC NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 46 class class NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 47 II II NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 48 proteins protein NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 49 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 50 disease disease NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 51 : : : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 52 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 53 structural structural JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 54 perspective perspective NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 55 An an DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 56 infectious infectious JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 57 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 58 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 59 derived derive VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 60 chimeric chimeric JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 61 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 62 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 63 harbouring harbour VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 64 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 65 entry entry NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 66 machinery machinery NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 67 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 68 an an DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 69 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 70 A a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 71 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 72 MHC MHC NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 73 class class NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 74 II II NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 75 proteins protein NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 76 mediate mediate VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 77 cross cross NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 78 - - JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 79 species species JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 80 entry entry NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 81 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 82 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 83 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 84 viruses viruse VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 85 Haemagglutination Haemagglutination NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 86 inhibition inhibition NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 87 antibodies antibody NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 88 against against IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 89 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 90 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 91 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 92 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 93 Structural structural JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 94 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 95 functional functional JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 96 characterization characterization NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 97 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 98 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 99 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 100 like like JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 101 molecule molecule NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 102 N10 N10 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 103 derived derive VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 104 from from IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 105 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 106 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 107 A a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 108 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 109 Isolation isolation NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 110 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 111 strains strain NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 112 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 113 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 114 Hong Hong NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 115 Kong Kong NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 116 complex complex NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 117 ( ( -LRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 118 H3N2 H3N2 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 119 ) ) -RRB- cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 120 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 121 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 122 from from IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 123 Nyctalus Nyctalus NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 124 noctula noctula JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 125 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 126 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 127 Kazakhstan Kazakhstan NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 128 Characterization Characterization NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 129 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 130 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 131 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 132 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 133 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 134 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 135 derived derive VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 136 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 156 137 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 157 1 Unusual unusual JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 157 2 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 157 3 A a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 157 4 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 157 5 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 157 6 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 157 7 Bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 157 8 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 157 9 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 157 10 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 157 11 : : : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 157 12 can can MD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 157 13 we -PRON- PRP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 157 14 confidently confidently RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 157 15 link link VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 157 16 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 157 17 with with IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 157 18 emerging emerge VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 157 19 deadly deadly JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 157 20 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 157 21 ? ? . cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 1 Synthetically synthetically RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 2 derived derive VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 3 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 4 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 5 A a NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 6 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 7 like like JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 8 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 9 reveal reveal VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 10 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 11 cell cell NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 12 type type NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 13 - - : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 14 but but CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 15 not not RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 16 species species NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 17 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 18 specific specific JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 19 tropism tropism NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 20 Insights insight NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 21 into into IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 22 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 23 ancestral ancestral JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 24 organisation organisation NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 25 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 26 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 27 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 28 MHC MHC NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 29 class class NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 30 II II NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 31 region region NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 32 from from IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 33 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 34 genome genome NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 35 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 36 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 37 pteropid pteropid NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 38 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 39 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 40 pteropus pteropus NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 41 alecto alecto NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 42 Interference Interference NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 43 with with IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 44 T T NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 45 cell cell NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 46 receptor receptor NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 47 - - : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 48 HLA HLA NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 49 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 50 DR DR NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 51 interactions interaction NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 52 by by IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 53 Epstein Epstein NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 54 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 55 Barr Barr NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 56 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 57 gp42 gp42 WDT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 58 results result VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 59 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 60 reduced reduce VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 61 T T NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 62 helper helper NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 63 cell cell NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 158 64 recognition recognition NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 159 1 Epstein Epstein NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 159 2 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 159 3 Barr Barr NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 159 4 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 159 5 gp42 gp42 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 159 6 is be VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 159 7 posttranslationally posttranslationally RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 159 8 modified modify VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 159 9 to to TO cord-264401-9ogs55xr 159 10 produce produce VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 159 11 soluble soluble JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 159 12 gp42 gp42 NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 159 13 that that WDT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 159 14 mediates mediate VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 159 15 HLA HLA NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 159 16 class class NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 159 17 II ii CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 159 18 immune immune JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 159 19 evasion evasion NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 160 1 The the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 160 2 ins in NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 160 3 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 160 4 outs out NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 160 5 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 160 6 MHC MHC NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 160 7 class class NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 160 8 IImediated IImediated NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 160 9 antigen antigen NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 160 10 processing processing NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 160 11 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 160 12 presentation presentation NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 161 1 Rabies rabies NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 161 2 re re VBD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 161 3 - - VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 161 4 examined examine VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 161 5 Generation generation NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 161 6 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 161 7 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 161 8 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 161 9 derived derive VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 161 10 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 161 11 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 161 12 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 161 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 161 14 reassortants reassortant NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 1 The the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 2 global global JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 3 impact impact NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 4 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 5 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 6 on on IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 7 morbidity morbidity NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 8 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 9 mortality mortality NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 10 Bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 11 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 12 derived derive VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 13 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 14 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 15 H17 H17 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 16 does do VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 17 not not RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 18 bind bind VB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 19 canonical canonical JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 20 avian avian JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 21 or or CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 22 human human JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 23 receptors receptor NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 24 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 25 most most RBS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 26 likely likely RB cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 27 uses use VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 28 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 29 unique unique JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 30 entry entry NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 31 mechanism mechanism NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 32 The the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 33 N n CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 34 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 35 terminal terminal NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 36 domain domain NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 37 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 38 PA PA NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 39 from from IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 40 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 41 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 42 derived derive VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 43 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 44 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 45 like like JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 46 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 47 H17N10 H17N10 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 48 has have VBZ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 49 endonuclease endonuclease NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 162 50 activity activity NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 163 1 A a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 163 2 distinct distinct JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 163 3 lineage lineage NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 163 4 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 163 5 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 163 6 A a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 163 7 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 163 8 from from IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 163 9 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 163 10 New new JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 163 11 world world NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 163 12 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 163 13 harbor harbor VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 163 14 diverse diverse JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 163 15 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 163 16 A a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 163 17 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 1 A a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 2 longitudinal longitudinal JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 3 study study NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 4 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 5 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 6 prevalence prevalence NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 7 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 8 Nipah Nipah NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 9 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 10 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 11 Pteropus Pteropus NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 12 lylei lylei NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 13 bats bat NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 14 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 15 Thailand Thailand NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 16 : : : cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 17 evidence evidence NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 18 for for IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 19 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 20 preference preference NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 21 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 22 disease disease NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 23 transmission transmission NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 24 Herpesvirus Herpesvirus NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 25 interference interference NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 26 with with IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 27 major major JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 28 histocompatibility histocompatibility NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 29 complex complex JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 30 class class NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 31 II ii NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 32 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 33 restricted restrict VBN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 34 T t NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 35 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 36 cell cell NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 37 activation activation NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 38 Epithelial epithelial NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 39 MHC MHC NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 40 class class NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 41 II ii CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 42 expression expression NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 43 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 44 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 45 role role NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 46 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 47 antigen antigen NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 48 presentation presentation NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 49 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 50 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 51 gastrointestinal gastrointestinal JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 52 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 53 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 164 54 tracts tract NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 1 Mutations mutation NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 2 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 3 the the DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 4 NA NA NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 5 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 6 like like JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 7 protein protein NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 8 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 9 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 10 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 11 H18N11 h18n11 NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 12 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 13 enhance enhance VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 14 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 15 replication replication NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 16 in in IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 17 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 18 cells cell NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 19 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 20 mice mouse NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 21 , , , cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 22 and and CC cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 23 ferrets ferret NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 24 Characterization characterization NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 25 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 26 uncultivable uncultivable JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 27 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 28 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 29 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 30 using use VBG cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 31 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 32 replicative replicative JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 33 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 34 virus virus NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 35 Crystal Crystal NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 36 structures structure NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 37 of of IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 38 two two CD cord-264401-9ogs55xr 165 39 subtype subtype NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 166 1 N10 N10 NNP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 166 2 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 166 3 - - HYPH cord-264401-9ogs55xr 166 4 like like JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 166 5 proteins protein NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 166 6 from from IN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 166 7 bat bat NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 166 8 influenza influenza NN cord-264401-9ogs55xr 166 9 A a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 166 10 viruses virus NNS cord-264401-9ogs55xr 166 11 reveal reveal VBP cord-264401-9ogs55xr 166 12 a a DT cord-264401-9ogs55xr 166 13 diverged diverged JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 166 14 putative putative JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 166 15 active active JJ cord-264401-9ogs55xr 166 16 site site NN