id sid tid token lemma pos cord-275433-58unu79x 1 1 key key JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 1 2 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 1 3 cord-275433 cord-275433 ADD cord-275433-58unu79x 1 4 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 1 5 58unu79x 58unu79x CD cord-275433-58unu79x 1 6 authors author NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 1 7 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 1 8 Levine Levine NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 1 9 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 1 10 Beth Beth NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 1 11 ; ; : cord-275433-58unu79x 1 12 Deretic Deretic NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 1 13 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 1 14 Vojo Vojo NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 2 1 title title NN cord-275433-58unu79x 2 2 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 3 1 Unveiling unveil VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 3 2 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 3 3 roles role NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 3 4 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 3 5 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 3 6 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 3 7 innate innate JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 3 8 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 3 9 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 3 10 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 3 11 date date NN cord-275433-58unu79x 3 12 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 4 1 2007 2007 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 4 2 journal journal NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 4 3 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 5 1 Nat Nat NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 5 2 Rev Rev NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 5 3 Immunol Immunol NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 5 4 DOI DOI NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 5 5 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 5 6 10.1038/ 10.1038/ CD cord-275433-58unu79x 6 1 nri2161 nri2161 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 6 2 sha sha NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 6 3 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 7 1 24fac2ba81f1a4ab30fab3a6b29cdcbc66e8b499 24fac2ba81f1a4ab30fab3a6b29cdcbc66e8b499 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 7 2 doc_id doc_id NNPS cord-275433-58unu79x 7 3 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 7 4 275433 275433 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 7 5 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 7 6 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 8 1 58unu79x 58unu79x CD cord-275433-58unu79x 8 2 Cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 8 3 digest digest VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 8 4 portions portion NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 8 5 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 8 6 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-275433-58unu79x 8 7 interiors interior NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 8 8 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 8 9 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 8 10 process process NN cord-275433-58unu79x 8 11 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 8 12 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 8 13 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 8 14 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 8 15 recycle recycle VB cord-275433-58unu79x 8 16 nutrients nutrient NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 8 17 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 8 18 remodel remodel VB cord-275433-58unu79x 8 19 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 8 20 dispose dispose VB cord-275433-58unu79x 8 21 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 8 22 unwanted unwanted JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 8 23 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 8 24 constituents constituent NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 8 25 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 9 1 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 9 2 ancient ancient JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 9 3 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 9 4 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 9 5 conserved conserve VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 9 6 from from IN cord-275433-58unu79x 9 7 yeast yeast NN cord-275433-58unu79x 9 8 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 9 9 humans human NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 9 10 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 9 11 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 9 12 now now RB cord-275433-58unu79x 9 13 emerging emerge VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 9 14 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 9 15 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 9 16 central central JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 9 17 player player NN cord-275433-58unu79x 9 18 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 9 19 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 9 20 immunological immunological JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 9 21 control control NN cord-275433-58unu79x 9 22 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 9 23 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 9 24 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 9 25 parasitic parasitic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 9 26 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 9 27 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 9 28 infections infection NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 9 29 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 10 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 10 2 process process NN cord-275433-58unu79x 10 3 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 10 4 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 10 5 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 10 6 degrade degrade VB cord-275433-58unu79x 10 7 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 10 8 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 10 9 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 10 10 deliver deliver VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 10 11 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 10 12 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 10 13 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 10 14 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 10 15 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 10 16 class class NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 10 17 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 10 18 II ii NN cord-275433-58unu79x 10 19 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 10 20 loading loading NN cord-275433-58unu79x 10 21 compartments compartment NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 10 22 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 10 23 direct direct JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 10 24 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 10 25 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 10 26 acids acid NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 10 27 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 10 28 Toll toll NN cord-275433-58unu79x 10 29 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 10 30 like like JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 10 31 receptors receptor NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 10 32 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 10 33 regulate regulate VB cord-275433-58unu79x 10 34 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 10 35 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 10 36 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 10 37 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 10 38 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 11 1 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 11 2 Review Review NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 11 3 describes describe VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 11 4 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 11 5 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 11 6 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 11 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 11 8 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 11 9 highlights highlight VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 11 10 recent recent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 11 11 advances advance NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 11 12 relevant relevant JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 11 13 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 11 14 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 11 15 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 11 16 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 11 17 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 11 18 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 11 19 innate innate JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 11 20 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 11 21 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 11 22 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 11 23 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 12 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-275433-58unu79x 12 2 armamentarium armamentarium NN cord-275433-58unu79x 12 3 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 12 4 fighting fight VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 12 5 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 12 6 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 12 7 includes include VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 12 8 multiple multiple JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 12 9 facets facet NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 12 10 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 12 11 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 12 12 innate innate JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 12 13 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 12 14 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 12 15 immune immune JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 12 16 response response NN cord-275433-58unu79x 12 17 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 13 1 In in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 13 2 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 13 3 past past JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 13 4 few few JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 13 5 decades decade NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 13 6 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 13 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 13 8 have have VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 13 9 witnessed witness VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 13 10 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 13 11 explosion explosion NN cord-275433-58unu79x 13 12 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 13 13 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-275433-58unu79x 13 14 understanding understanding NN cord-275433-58unu79x 13 15 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 13 16 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 13 17 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 13 18 underlying underlie VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 13 19 antigen antigen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 13 20 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 13 21 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 13 22 immune immune JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 13 23 recognition recognition NN cord-275433-58unu79x 13 24 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 13 25 infected infected JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 13 26 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 13 27 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 13 28 cellular cellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 13 29 sensing sensing NN cord-275433-58unu79x 13 30 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 13 31 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 13 32 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 13 33 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 13 34 signalling signal VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 13 35 pathways pathway NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 13 36 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 13 37 induce induce VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 13 38 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 13 39 states state NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 13 40 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 13 41 infected infected JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 13 42 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 13 43 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 14 1 Surprisingly surprisingly RB cord-275433-58unu79x 14 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 14 3 however however RB cord-275433-58unu79x 14 4 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 14 5 microbiologists microbiologist NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 14 6 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 14 7 immunologists immunologist NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 14 8 have have VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 14 9 long long RB cord-275433-58unu79x 14 10 overlooked overlook VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 14 11 one one CD cord-275433-58unu79x 14 12 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 14 13 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 14 14 greatest great JJS cord-275433-58unu79x 14 15 challenges challenge NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 14 16 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 14 17 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 14 18 immune immune JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 14 19 system system NN cord-275433-58unu79x 14 20 faces face VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 14 21 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 14 22 dealing deal VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 14 23 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 14 24 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 14 25 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 15 1 -that -that RB cord-275433-58unu79x 15 2 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 15 3 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 15 4 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 15 5 problem problem NN cord-275433-58unu79x 15 6 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 15 7 how how WRB cord-275433-58unu79x 15 8 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 15 9 dispose dispose VB cord-275433-58unu79x 15 10 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 15 11 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 15 12 microorganism microorganism NN cord-275433-58unu79x 15 13 without without IN cord-275433-58unu79x 15 14 disposing dispose VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 15 15 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 15 16 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 15 17 entire entire JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 15 18 infected infected JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 15 19 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 15 20 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 16 1 A a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 16 2 seemingly seemingly RB cord-275433-58unu79x 16 3 simple simple JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 16 4 strategy strategy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 16 5 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 16 6 tackle tackle VB cord-275433-58unu79x 16 7 this this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 16 8 challenge challenge NN cord-275433-58unu79x 16 9 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 16 10 now now RB cord-275433-58unu79x 16 11 beginning begin VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 16 12 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 16 13 unveil unveil VB cord-275433-58unu79x 16 14 itself -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 16 15 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 17 1 Mammalian mammalian JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 17 2 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 17 3 use use VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 17 4 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 17 5 evolutionarily evolutionarily RB cord-275433-58unu79x 17 6 conserved conserved JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 17 7 lysosomal lysosomal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 17 8 degradation degradation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 17 9 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 17 10 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 17 11 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 17 12 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 17 13 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 17 14 selectively selectively RB cord-275433-58unu79x 17 15 dispose dispose VB cord-275433-58unu79x 17 16 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 17 17 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 17 18 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 17 19 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 18 1 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 18 2 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 18 3 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 18 4 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 18 5 cellular cellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 18 6 homeostatic homeostatic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 18 7 process process NN cord-275433-58unu79x 18 8 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 18 9 enables enable VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 18 10 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 18 11 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 18 12 clean clean VB cord-275433-58unu79x 18 13 up up RP cord-275433-58unu79x 18 14 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 18 15 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 18 16 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 18 17 regulated regulated JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 18 18 manner manner NN cord-275433-58unu79x 18 19 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 18 20 portions portion NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 18 21 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 18 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-275433-58unu79x 18 23 own own JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 18 24 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-275433-58unu79x 18 25 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 18 26 degrade degrade VB cord-275433-58unu79x 18 27 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-275433-58unu79x 18 28 constituents constituent NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 18 29 1 1 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 18 30 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 19 1 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 19 2 primordial primordial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 19 3 function function NN cord-275433-58unu79x 19 4 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 19 5 preserved preserve VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 19 6 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 19 7 all all DT cord-275433-58unu79x 19 8 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 19 9 organisms organism NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 19 10 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 19 11 from from IN cord-275433-58unu79x 19 12 yeast yeast NN cord-275433-58unu79x 19 13 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 19 14 humans human NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 19 15 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 20 1 During during IN cord-275433-58unu79x 20 2 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 20 3 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 20 4 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 20 5 isolation isolation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 20 6 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 20 7 wraps wrap VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 20 8 around around IN cord-275433-58unu79x 20 9 portions portion NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 20 10 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 20 11 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 20 12 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-275433-58unu79x 20 13 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 20 14 form form VB cord-275433-58unu79x 20 15 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 20 16 double double JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 20 17 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 20 18 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 20 19 organelle organelle NN cord-275433-58unu79x 20 20 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 20 21 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 20 22 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 20 23 autophagosome autophagosome NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 20 24 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 21 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 21 2 engulfed engulf VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 21 3 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 21 4 material material NN cord-275433-58unu79x 21 5 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 21 6 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 21 7 autophagosome autophagosome NN cord-275433-58unu79x 21 8 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 21 9 degraded degrade VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 21 10 after after IN cord-275433-58unu79x 21 11 fusion fusion NN cord-275433-58unu79x 21 12 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 21 13 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 21 14 autophagosome autophagosome NN cord-275433-58unu79x 21 15 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 21 16 late late JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 21 17 endosomes endosome NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 21 18 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 21 19 lysosomes lysosome NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 21 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 21 21 FIG fig NN cord-275433-58unu79x 21 22 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 21 23 1 1 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 21 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 21 25 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 22 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 22 2 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 22 3 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 22 4 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 22 5 many many JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 22 6 physiological physiological JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 22 7 roles role NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 22 8 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 22 9 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 22 10 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 22 11 often often RB cord-275433-58unu79x 22 12 used use VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 22 13 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 22 14 remove remove VB cord-275433-58unu79x 22 15 damaged damaged JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 22 16 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 22 17 surplus surplus JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 22 18 organelles organelle NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 22 19 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 23 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 23 2 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 23 3 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 23 4 used use VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 23 5 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 23 6 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 23 7 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 23 8 turn turn VB cord-275433-58unu79x 23 9 over over RP cord-275433-58unu79x 23 10 long long RB cord-275433-58unu79x 23 11 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 23 12 lived live VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 23 13 proteins protein NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 23 14 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 23 15 other other JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 23 16 macromolecules macromolecule NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 23 17 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 23 18 either either CC cord-275433-58unu79x 23 19 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 23 20 supply supply VB cord-275433-58unu79x 23 21 nutrients nutrient NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 23 22 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 23 23 essential essential JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 23 24 anabolic anabolic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 23 25 needs need NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 23 26 under under IN cord-275433-58unu79x 23 27 conditions condition NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 23 28 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 23 29 nutrient nutrient NN cord-275433-58unu79x 23 30 deprivation deprivation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 23 31 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 23 32 growth growth NN cord-275433-58unu79x 23 33 factor factor NN cord-275433-58unu79x 23 34 withdrawal withdrawal NN cord-275433-58unu79x 23 35 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 23 36 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 23 37 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 23 38 rid rid VB cord-275433-58unu79x 23 39 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 23 40 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 23 41 potentially potentially RB cord-275433-58unu79x 23 42 toxic toxic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 23 43 aggregate aggregate NN cord-275433-58unu79x 23 44 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 23 45 prone prone JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 23 46 proteins protein NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 23 47 2 2 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 23 48 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 24 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 24 2 broad broad JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 24 3 spectrum spectrum NN cord-275433-58unu79x 24 4 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 24 5 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 24 6 functions function NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 24 7 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 24 8 intricately intricately RB cord-275433-58unu79x 24 9 linked link VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 24 10 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 24 11 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 24 12 wide wide JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 24 13 range range NN cord-275433-58unu79x 24 14 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 24 15 health health NN cord-275433-58unu79x 24 16 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 24 17 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 24 18 states state NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 24 19 3 3 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 24 20 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 24 21 4 4 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 24 22 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 25 1 For for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 25 2 example example NN cord-275433-58unu79x 25 3 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 25 4 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 25 5 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 25 6 involved involve VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 25 7 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 25 8 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 25 9 control control NN cord-275433-58unu79x 25 10 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 25 11 development development NN cord-275433-58unu79x 25 12 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 25 13 tissue tissue NN cord-275433-58unu79x 25 14 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 25 15 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 25 16 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 25 17 lifespan lifespan NN cord-275433-58unu79x 25 18 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 25 19 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 25 20 organism organism NN cord-275433-58unu79x 25 21 ; ; : cord-275433-58unu79x 25 22 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 25 23 suppression suppression NN cord-275433-58unu79x 25 24 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 25 25 tumour tumour NN cord-275433-58unu79x 25 26 development development NN cord-275433-58unu79x 25 27 ; ; : cord-275433-58unu79x 25 28 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 25 29 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 25 30 prevention prevention NN cord-275433-58unu79x 25 31 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 25 32 neurodegeneration neurodegeneration NN cord-275433-58unu79x 25 33 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 26 1 Aberrant aberrant JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 26 2 regulation regulation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 26 3 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 26 4 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 26 5 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 26 6 been be VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 26 7 mechanistically mechanistically RB cord-275433-58unu79x 26 8 linked link VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 26 9 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 26 10 cancer cancer NN cord-275433-58unu79x 26 11 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 26 12 Huntington Huntington NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 26 13 's 's POS cord-275433-58unu79x 26 14 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 26 15 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 26 16 Parkinson Parkinson NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 26 17 's 's POS cord-275433-58unu79x 26 18 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 26 19 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 26 20 myodegeneration myodegeneration NN cord-275433-58unu79x 26 21 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 26 22 cardiomyopathy cardiomyopathy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 26 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 26 24 BOX box NN cord-275433-58unu79x 26 25 1 1 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 26 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 26 27 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 27 1 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 27 2 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 27 3 functions function VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 27 4 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 27 5 diverse diverse JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 27 6 aspects aspect NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 27 7 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 27 8 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 27 9 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 27 10 5 5 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 27 11 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 27 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 27 13 6 6 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 27 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 27 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 27 16 7 7 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 27 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 27 18 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 28 1 Although although IN cord-275433-58unu79x 28 2 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 28 3 term term NN cord-275433-58unu79x 28 4 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 28 5 means mean VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 28 6 ' ' '' cord-275433-58unu79x 28 7 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 28 8 digest digest VB cord-275433-58unu79x 28 9 oneself oneself PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 28 10 ' ' '' cord-275433-58unu79x 28 11 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 28 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 28 13 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 28 14 now now RB cord-275433-58unu79x 28 15 clear clear JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 28 16 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 28 17 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 28 18 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 28 19 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 28 20 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 28 21 eliminates eliminate VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 28 22 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 28 23 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 28 24 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 28 25 including include VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 28 26 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 28 27 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 28 28 parasites parasite NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 28 29 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 28 30 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 28 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 28 32 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 28 33 process process NN cord-275433-58unu79x 28 34 sometimes sometimes RB cord-275433-58unu79x 28 35 referred refer VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 28 36 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 28 37 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 28 38 xenophagy xenophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 28 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 29 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 29 2 7 7 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 29 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 29 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 29 5 8 8 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 29 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 29 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 29 8 9 9 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 29 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 29 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 29 11 10 10 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 29 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 29 13 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 30 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 30 2 autophagic autophagic NN cord-275433-58unu79x 30 3 sequestration sequestration NN cord-275433-58unu79x 30 4 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 30 5 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 30 6 components component NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 30 7 can can MD cord-275433-58unu79x 30 8 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 30 9 fuel fuel VB cord-275433-58unu79x 30 10 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 30 11 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 30 12 II II NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 30 13 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 30 14 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 30 15 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 30 16 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 30 17 11 11 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 30 18 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 30 19 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 30 20 production production NN cord-275433-58unu79x 30 21 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 30 22 type type NN cord-275433-58unu79x 30 23 I -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 30 24 interferons interferon NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 30 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 30 26 IFNs IFNs NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 30 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 30 28 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 30 29 response response NN cord-275433-58unu79x 30 30 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 30 31 Toll Toll NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 30 32 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 30 33 like like JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 30 34 receptor receptor NN cord-275433-58unu79x 30 35 7 7 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 31 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 31 2 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 31 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 31 4 signalling signal VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 31 5 12 12 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 31 6 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 32 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-275433-58unu79x 32 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 32 3 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 32 4 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 32 5 directly directly RB cord-275433-58unu79x 32 6 affect affect VB cord-275433-58unu79x 32 7 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 32 8 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 32 9 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 32 10 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 32 11 13 13 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 32 12 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 32 13 14 14 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 32 14 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 33 1 More more RBR cord-275433-58unu79x 33 2 speculatively speculatively RB cord-275433-58unu79x 33 3 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 33 4 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 33 5 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 33 6 have have VB cord-275433-58unu79x 33 7 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 33 8 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 33 9 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 33 10 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 33 11 prevention prevention NN cord-275433-58unu79x 33 12 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 33 13 autoimmunity autoimmunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 33 14 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 33 15 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 33 16 disorders disorder NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 33 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 33 18 15 15 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 33 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 33 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 33 21 16 16 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 33 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 33 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 33 24 17 17 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 33 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 33 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 33 27 18 18 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 33 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 33 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 33 30 19 19 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 33 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 33 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 33 33 20 20 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 33 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 33 35 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 34 1 Here here RB cord-275433-58unu79x 34 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 34 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 34 4 provide provide VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 34 5 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 34 6 introduction introduction NN cord-275433-58unu79x 34 7 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 34 8 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 34 9 molecular molecular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 34 10 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 34 11 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 34 12 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 34 13 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 34 14 discuss discuss VB cord-275433-58unu79x 34 15 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 34 16 major major JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 34 17 recent recent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 34 18 advances advance NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 34 19 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 34 20 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 34 21 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 34 22 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 34 23 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 34 24 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 34 25 highlight highlight VB cord-275433-58unu79x 34 26 important important JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 34 27 unanswered unanswered JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 34 28 questions question NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 34 29 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 34 30 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 34 31 field field NN cord-275433-58unu79x 34 32 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 35 1 Autophagy autophagy UH cord-275433-58unu79x 35 2 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 35 3 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 35 4 lysosomal lysosomal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 35 5 degradation degradation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 35 6 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 36 1 There there EX cord-275433-58unu79x 36 2 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 36 3 several several JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 36 4 morphologically morphologically RB cord-275433-58unu79x 36 5 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 36 6 functionally functionally RB cord-275433-58unu79x 36 7 distinct distinct JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 36 8 forms form NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 36 9 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 36 10 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 36 11 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 36 12 including include VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 36 13 macroautophagy macroautophagy NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 36 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 36 15 herein herein RB cord-275433-58unu79x 36 16 referred refer VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 36 17 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 36 18 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 36 19 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 36 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 36 21 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 36 22 microautophagy microautophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 36 23 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 36 24 chaperone chaperone NN cord-275433-58unu79x 36 25 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 36 26 mediated mediate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 36 27 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 36 28 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 36 29 others other NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 36 30 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 36 31 involve involve VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 36 32 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 36 33 selective selective JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 36 34 degradation degradation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 36 35 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 36 36 specific specific JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 36 37 organelles organelle NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 36 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 36 39 such such JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 36 40 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 36 41 peroxisomes peroxisome NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 36 42 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 36 43 mitochondria mitochondrion NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 36 44 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 36 45 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 36 46 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-275433-58unu79x 36 47 reticulum reticulum NN cord-275433-58unu79x 36 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 36 49 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 37 1 During during IN cord-275433-58unu79x 37 2 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 37 3 initiation initiation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 37 4 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 37 5 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 37 6 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 37 7 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 37 8 damaged damage VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 37 9 organelle organelle NN cord-275433-58unu79x 37 10 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 37 11 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 37 12 portion portion NN cord-275433-58unu79x 37 13 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 37 14 cytosol cytosol NN cord-275433-58unu79x 37 15 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 37 16 sequestered sequester VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 37 17 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 37 18 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 37 19 structure structure NN cord-275433-58unu79x 37 20 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 37 21 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 37 22 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 37 23 isolation isolation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 37 24 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 37 25 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 37 26 phagophore phagophore NN cord-275433-58unu79x 37 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 37 28 FIG FIG NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 37 29 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 37 30 1a 1a CD cord-275433-58unu79x 37 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 37 32 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 38 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 38 2 phagophore phagophore NN cord-275433-58unu79x 38 3 then then RB cord-275433-58unu79x 38 4 becomes become VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 38 5 enlarged enlarge VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 38 6 during during IN cord-275433-58unu79x 38 7 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 38 8 elongation elongation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 38 9 stages stage NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 38 10 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 38 11 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 38 12 addition addition NN cord-275433-58unu79x 38 13 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 38 14 new new JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 38 15 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 38 16 -the -the ADD cord-275433-58unu79x 38 17 origin origin NN cord-275433-58unu79x 38 18 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 38 19 which which WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 38 20 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 38 21 still still RB cord-275433-58unu79x 38 22 unclear unclear JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 38 23 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 39 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 39 2 phagophore phagophore NN cord-275433-58unu79x 39 3 seals seal VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 39 4 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 39 5 form form VB cord-275433-58unu79x 39 6 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 39 7 autophagosome autophagosome NN cord-275433-58unu79x 39 8 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 39 9 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 39 10 organelle organelle NN cord-275433-58unu79x 39 11 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 39 12 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 39 13 distinguished distinguish VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 39 14 from from IN cord-275433-58unu79x 39 15 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 39 16 conventional conventional JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 39 17 phagosome phagosome NN cord-275433-58unu79x 39 18 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 39 19 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 39 20 presence presence NN cord-275433-58unu79x 39 21 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 39 22 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 39 23 double double JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 39 24 delimiting delimit VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 39 25 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 39 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 39 27 two two CD cord-275433-58unu79x 39 28 lipid lipid NN cord-275433-58unu79x 39 29 bilayers bilayer NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 39 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 39 31 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 39 32 intra intra JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 39 33 - - JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 39 34 lumenal lumenal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 39 35 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 39 36 content content NN cord-275433-58unu79x 39 37 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 40 1 During during IN cord-275433-58unu79x 40 2 maturation maturation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 40 3 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 40 4 autophagosomes autophagosomes NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 40 5 fuse fuse NN cord-275433-58unu79x 40 6 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 40 7 lysosomes lysosome NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 40 8 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 40 9 form form VB cord-275433-58unu79x 40 10 autolysosomes autolysosome NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 40 11 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 40 12 which which WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 40 13 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 40 14 captured capture VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 40 15 material material NN cord-275433-58unu79x 40 16 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 40 17 degraded degrade VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 40 18 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 41 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 41 2 capture capture NN cord-275433-58unu79x 41 3 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 41 4 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 41 5 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 41 6 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 41 7 thought think VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 41 8 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 41 9 follow follow VB cord-275433-58unu79x 41 10 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 41 11 similar similar JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 41 12 path path NN cord-275433-58unu79x 41 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 41 14 FIG fig NN cord-275433-58unu79x 41 15 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 41 16 1b 1b CD cord-275433-58unu79x 41 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 41 18 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 41 19 although although IN cord-275433-58unu79x 41 20 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 41 21 sequestration sequestration NN cord-275433-58unu79x 41 22 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 41 23 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 41 24 during during IN cord-275433-58unu79x 41 25 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 41 26 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 41 27 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 41 28 been be VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 41 29 studied study VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 41 30 as as RB cord-275433-58unu79x 41 31 extensively extensively RB cord-275433-58unu79x 41 32 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 41 33 that that DT cord-275433-58unu79x 41 34 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 41 35 cellular cellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 41 36 contents content NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 41 37 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 42 1 Most Most JJS cord-275433-58unu79x 42 2 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 42 3 undergo undergo VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 42 4 some some DT cord-275433-58unu79x 42 5 level level NN cord-275433-58unu79x 42 6 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 42 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 42 8 while while IN cord-275433-58unu79x 42 9 adjusting adjust VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 42 10 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-275433-58unu79x 42 11 biomass biomass NN cord-275433-58unu79x 42 12 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 42 13 removing remove VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 42 14 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 42 15 aggregates aggregate NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 42 16 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 42 17 eliminating eliminate VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 42 18 damaged damage VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 42 19 organelles organelle NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 42 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 42 21 such such JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 42 22 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 42 23 mitochondria mitochondrion NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 42 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 42 25 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 43 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 43 2 classical classical JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 43 3 signalling signal VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 43 4 pathways pathway NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 43 5 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 43 6 regulate regulate VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 43 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 43 8 have have VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 43 9 been be VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 43 10 reviewed review VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 43 11 extensively extensively RB cord-275433-58unu79x 43 12 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-275433-58unu79x 43 13 21 21 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 43 14 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 43 15 22 22 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 43 16 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 43 17 whereas whereas IN cord-275433-58unu79x 43 18 signals signal NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 43 19 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 43 20 particular particular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 43 21 relevance relevance NN cord-275433-58unu79x 43 22 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 43 23 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 43 24 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 43 25 discussed discuss VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 43 26 later later RB cord-275433-58unu79x 43 27 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 44 1 Key key JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 44 2 players player NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 44 3 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 44 4 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 44 5 regulation regulation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 44 6 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 44 7 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 44 8 serine serine NN cord-275433-58unu79x 44 9 / / SYM cord-275433-58unu79x 44 10 threonine threonine NN cord-275433-58unu79x 44 11 kinase kinase NN cord-275433-58unu79x 44 12 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 44 13 target target NN cord-275433-58unu79x 44 14 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 44 15 rapamycin rapamycin NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 44 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 44 17 mTOR mTOR NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 44 18 ; ; : cord-275433-58unu79x 44 19 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 44 20 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 44 21 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 44 22 FRAP1 FRAP1 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 44 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 44 24 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 45 1 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 45 2 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 45 3 I i NN cord-275433-58unu79x 45 4 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 45 5 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 45 6 III iii CD cord-275433-58unu79x 45 7 phosphoinositide phosphoinositide JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 46 1 3-kinases 3-kinases LS cord-275433-58unu79x 46 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 46 3 PI3Ks PI3Ks NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 46 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 46 5 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 47 1 Two two CD cord-275433-58unu79x 47 2 well well RB cord-275433-58unu79x 47 3 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 47 4 characterized characterize VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 47 5 stimuli stimulus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 47 6 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 47 7 induce induce VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 47 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 47 9 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 47 10 amino amino NN cord-275433-58unu79x 47 11 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 47 12 acid acid NN cord-275433-58unu79x 47 13 starvation starvation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 47 14 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 47 15 growth growth NN cord-275433-58unu79x 47 16 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 47 17 factor factor NN cord-275433-58unu79x 47 18 withdrawal withdrawal NN cord-275433-58unu79x 47 19 2 2 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 47 20 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 48 1 In in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 48 2 response response NN cord-275433-58unu79x 48 3 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 48 4 growth growth NN cord-275433-58unu79x 48 5 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 48 6 factor factor NN cord-275433-58unu79x 48 7 stimulation stimulation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 48 8 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 48 9 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 48 10 I -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 48 11 PI3Ks PI3Ks NNPS cord-275433-58unu79x 48 12 generate generate VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 48 13 phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate CD cord-275433-58unu79x 49 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 49 2 PtdIns(3,4,5)P PtdIns(3,4,5)P NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 49 3 3 3 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 49 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 49 5 on on IN cord-275433-58unu79x 49 6 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 49 7 plasma plasma NN cord-275433-58unu79x 49 8 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 49 9 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 49 10 phosphorylating phosphorylate VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 49 11 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate NN cord-275433-58unu79x 49 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 49 13 PtdIns(4,5)P PtdIns(4,5)P NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 49 14 2 2 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 49 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 49 16 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 49 17 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 49 18 turn turn NN cord-275433-58unu79x 49 19 PtdIns(3,4,5)P PtdIns(3,4,5)P NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 49 20 3 3 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 49 21 activates activate VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 49 22 mTOR mTOR NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 49 23 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 49 24 thereby thereby RB cord-275433-58unu79x 49 25 repressing repress VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 49 26 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 49 27 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 50 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 50 2 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 50 3 III iii CD cord-275433-58unu79x 50 4 PI3 pi3 NN cord-275433-58unu79x 50 5 K K NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 50 6 vPS34 vPS34 NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 50 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 50 8 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 50 9 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 50 10 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 50 11 PIK3C3 PIK3C3 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 50 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 50 13 generates generate VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 50 14 phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 50 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 50 16 PtdIns3P PtdIns3P NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 50 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 50 18 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 50 19 phosphorylating phosphorylate VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 50 20 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 50 21 cellular cellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 50 22 events event NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 50 23 during during IN cord-275433-58unu79x 50 24 digestion digestion NN cord-275433-58unu79x 50 25 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 50 26 self self NN cord-275433-58unu79x 50 27 constituents constituent NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 50 28 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 50 29 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 50 30 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 50 31 follow follow VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 50 32 three three CD cord-275433-58unu79x 50 33 distinct distinct JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 50 34 stages stage NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 50 35 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 50 36 initiation initiation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 50 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 50 38 formation formation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 50 39 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 50 40 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 50 41 phagophore phagophore NN cord-275433-58unu79x 50 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 50 43 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 50 44 elongation elongation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 50 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 50 46 growth growth NN cord-275433-58unu79x 50 47 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 50 48 closure closure NN cord-275433-58unu79x 50 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 50 50 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 50 51 maturation maturation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 50 52 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 50 53 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 50 54 double double JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 50 55 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 50 56 autophagosome autophagosome NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 50 57 into into IN cord-275433-58unu79x 50 58 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 50 59 autolysosome autolysosome NN cord-275433-58unu79x 50 60 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 51 1 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 51 2 | | NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 51 3 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 51 4 sequesters sequester VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 51 5 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 51 6 removes remove VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 51 7 cellular cellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 51 8 constituents constituent NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 51 9 from from IN cord-275433-58unu79x 51 10 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 51 11 cytosol cytosol NN cord-275433-58unu79x 51 12 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 51 13 including include VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 51 14 surplus surplus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 51 15 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 51 16 damaged damage VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 51 17 organelles organelle NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 51 18 from from IN cord-275433-58unu79x 51 19 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 51 20 cytosol cytosol NN cord-275433-58unu79x 51 21 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 52 1 b b LS cord-275433-58unu79x 52 2 | | NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 52 3 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 52 4 can can MD cord-275433-58unu79x 52 5 eliminate eliminate VB cord-275433-58unu79x 52 6 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 52 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 52 8 free free JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 52 9 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 52 10 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 52 11 cytosol cytosol NN cord-275433-58unu79x 52 12 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 52 13 inside inside IN cord-275433-58unu79x 52 14 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 52 15 phagosome phagosome NN cord-275433-58unu79x 52 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 52 17 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 52 18 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 52 19 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 52 20 protozoan protozoan NN cord-275433-58unu79x 52 21 parasites parasite NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 52 22 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 52 23 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 52 24 manner manner NN cord-275433-58unu79x 52 25 similar similar JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 52 26 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 52 27 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 52 28 elimination elimination NN cord-275433-58unu79x 52 29 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 52 30 self self NN cord-275433-58unu79x 52 31 constituents constituent NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 52 32 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 53 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 53 2 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 53 3 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 53 4 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 53 5 numerous numerous JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 53 6 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 53 7 functions function NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 53 8 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 53 9 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 53 10 organisms organism NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 53 11 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 54 1 In in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 54 2 cellular cellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 54 3 starvation starvation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 54 4 settings setting NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 54 5 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 54 6 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 54 7 functions function NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 54 8 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 54 9 preserve preserve VB cord-275433-58unu79x 54 10 cellular cellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 54 11 bioenergetics bioenergetic NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 54 12 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 54 13 providing provide VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 54 14 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 54 15 substrates substrate NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 54 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 54 17 obtained obtain VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 54 18 through through IN cord-275433-58unu79x 54 19 bulk bulk JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 54 20 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 54 21 degradation degradation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 54 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 54 23 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 54 24 which which WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 54 25 maintains maintain VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 54 26 macromolecular macromolecular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 54 27 synthesis synthesis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 54 28 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 54 29 ATP ATP NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 54 30 production production NN cord-275433-58unu79x 54 31 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 55 1 Another another DT cord-275433-58unu79x 55 2 important important JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 55 3 function function NN cord-275433-58unu79x 55 4 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 55 5 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 55 6 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 55 7 probably probably RB cord-275433-58unu79x 55 8 underlies underlie VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 55 9 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-275433-58unu79x 55 10 protective protective JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 55 11 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 55 12 against against IN cord-275433-58unu79x 55 13 diverse diverse JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 55 14 pathologies pathology NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 55 15 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 55 16 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-275433-58unu79x 55 17 ability ability NN cord-275433-58unu79x 55 18 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 55 19 perform perform VB cord-275433-58unu79x 55 20 ' ' `` cord-275433-58unu79x 55 21 routine routine JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 55 22 housecleaning housecleaning NN cord-275433-58unu79x 55 23 ' ' '' cord-275433-58unu79x 55 24 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 55 25 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 55 26 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 55 27 clean clean VB cord-275433-58unu79x 55 28 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 55 29 up up RP cord-275433-58unu79x 55 30 toxic toxic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 55 31 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 55 32 damaged damage VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 55 33 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 55 34 constituents constituent NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 55 35 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 55 36 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 55 37 process process NN cord-275433-58unu79x 55 38 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 55 39 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 55 40 have have VB cord-275433-58unu79x 55 41 more more JJR cord-275433-58unu79x 55 42 selectivity selectivity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 55 43 than than IN cord-275433-58unu79x 55 44 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 55 45 induced induce VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 55 46 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 55 47 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 55 48 starvation starvation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 55 49 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 56 1 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 56 2 function function NN cord-275433-58unu79x 56 3 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 56 4 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 56 5 contributes contribute VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 56 6 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 56 7 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-275433-58unu79x 56 8 protection protection NN cord-275433-58unu79x 56 9 against against IN cord-275433-58unu79x 56 10 neurodegenerative neurodegenerative JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 56 11 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 56 12 ; ; : cord-275433-58unu79x 56 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 56 14 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 56 15 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 56 16 basal basal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 56 17 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 56 18 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 56 19 preventing prevent VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 56 20 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 56 21 abnormal abnormal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 56 22 accumulation accumulation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 56 23 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 56 24 ubiquitylated ubiquitylated JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 56 25 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 56 26 aggregates aggregate NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 56 27 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 56 28 it -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 56 29 specifically specifically RB cord-275433-58unu79x 56 30 degrades degrade VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 56 31 toxic toxic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 56 32 aggregate aggregate NN cord-275433-58unu79x 56 33 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 56 34 prone prone JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 56 35 mutant mutant JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 56 36 polyglutamine polyglutamine JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 56 37 expansion expansion NN cord-275433-58unu79x 56 38 proteins protein NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 56 39 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 57 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 57 2 degradation degradation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 57 3 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 57 4 damaged damaged JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 57 5 mitochondria mitochondrion NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 57 6 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 57 7 other other JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 57 8 organelles organelle NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 57 9 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 57 10 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 57 11 underlie underlie VB cord-275433-58unu79x 57 12 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 57 13 antiageing antiagee VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 57 14 effects effect NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 57 15 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 57 16 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 57 17 tumour tumour NN cord-275433-58unu79x 57 18 suppressor suppressor NN cord-275433-58unu79x 57 19 effects effect NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 57 20 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 57 21 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 57 22 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 57 23 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 57 24 helping help VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 57 25 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 57 26 reduce reduce VB cord-275433-58unu79x 57 27 genotoxic genotoxic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 57 28 stress stress NN cord-275433-58unu79x 57 29 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 57 30 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 57 31 prevent prevent VB cord-275433-58unu79x 57 32 DNA dna NN cord-275433-58unu79x 57 33 damage damage NN cord-275433-58unu79x 57 34 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 57 35 genomic genomic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 57 36 instability instability NN cord-275433-58unu79x 57 37 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 58 1 In in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 58 2 parallel parallel NN cord-275433-58unu79x 58 3 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 58 4 cleaning cleaning NN cord-275433-58unu79x 58 5 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 58 6 up up RP cord-275433-58unu79x 58 7 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 58 8 cellular cellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 58 9 constituents constituent NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 58 10 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 58 11 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 58 12 cleans clean VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 58 13 up up RP cord-275433-58unu79x 58 14 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 58 15 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 58 16 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 58 17 thereby thereby RB cord-275433-58unu79x 58 18 protecting protect VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 58 19 against against IN cord-275433-58unu79x 58 20 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 58 21 caused cause VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 58 22 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 58 23 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 58 24 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 58 25 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 59 1 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 59 2 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 59 3 can can MD cord-275433-58unu79x 59 4 selectively selectively RB cord-275433-58unu79x 59 5 deliver deliver VB cord-275433-58unu79x 59 6 microbial microbial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 59 7 genetic genetic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 59 8 material material NN cord-275433-58unu79x 59 9 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 59 10 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 59 11 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 59 12 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 59 13 innate innate JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 59 14 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 59 15 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 59 16 immune immune JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 59 17 systems system NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 59 18 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 60 1 Some some DT cord-275433-58unu79x 60 2 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 60 3 these these DT cord-275433-58unu79x 60 4 effects effect NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 60 5 on on IN cord-275433-58unu79x 60 6 immune immune JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 60 7 regulation regulation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 60 8 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 60 9 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 60 10 clearance clearance NN cord-275433-58unu79x 60 11 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 60 12 explain explain VB cord-275433-58unu79x 60 13 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 60 14 recently recently RB cord-275433-58unu79x 60 15 uncovered uncover VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 60 16 genetic genetic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 60 17 linkage linkage NN cord-275433-58unu79x 60 18 between between IN cord-275433-58unu79x 60 19 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 60 20 genes gene NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 60 21 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 60 22 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-275433-58unu79x 60 23 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 60 24 Crohn Crohn NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 60 25 's 's POS cord-275433-58unu79x 60 26 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 60 27 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 61 1 Given give VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 61 2 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 61 3 diverse diverse JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 61 4 functions function NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 61 5 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 61 6 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 61 7 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 61 8 health health NN cord-275433-58unu79x 61 9 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 61 10 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 61 11 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 61 12 there there EX cord-275433-58unu79x 61 13 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 61 14 now now RB cord-275433-58unu79x 61 15 considerable considerable JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 61 16 interest interest NN cord-275433-58unu79x 61 17 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 61 18 targeting target VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 61 19 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 61 20 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 61 21 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 61 22 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 61 23 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 61 24 treatment treatment NN cord-275433-58unu79x 61 25 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 61 26 different different JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 61 27 diseases disease NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 61 28 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 61 29 including include VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 61 30 cancer cancer NN cord-275433-58unu79x 61 31 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 61 32 neurodegenerative neurodegenerative JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 61 33 diseases disease NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 61 34 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 61 35 heart heart NN cord-275433-58unu79x 61 36 diseases disease NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 61 37 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 61 38 ageing age VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 61 39 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 61 40 infectious infectious JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 61 41 diseases disease NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 61 42 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 61 43 Crohn Crohn NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 61 44 's 's POS cord-275433-58unu79x 61 45 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 61 46 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 62 1 However however RB cord-275433-58unu79x 62 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 62 3 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 62 4 some some DT cord-275433-58unu79x 62 5 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 62 6 these these DT cord-275433-58unu79x 62 7 diseases disease NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 62 8 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 62 9 such such JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 62 10 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 62 11 cancer cancer NN cord-275433-58unu79x 62 12 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 62 13 heart heart NN cord-275433-58unu79x 62 14 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 62 15 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 62 16 there there EX cord-275433-58unu79x 62 17 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 62 18 intense intense JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 62 19 debate debate NN cord-275433-58unu79x 62 20 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 62 21 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 62 22 whether whether IN cord-275433-58unu79x 62 23 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 62 24 should should MD cord-275433-58unu79x 62 25 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 62 26 turned turn VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 62 27 on on RP cord-275433-58unu79x 62 28 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 62 29 turned turn VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 62 30 off off RP cord-275433-58unu79x 62 31 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 62 32 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 62 33 no no DT cord-275433-58unu79x 62 34 clear clear RB cord-275433-58unu79x 62 35 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 62 36 cut cut VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 62 37 data datum NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 62 38 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 62 39 resolve resolve VB cord-275433-58unu79x 62 40 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 62 41 debate debate NN cord-275433-58unu79x 62 42 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 63 1 For for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 63 2 other other JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 63 3 conditions condition NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 63 4 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 63 5 such such JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 63 6 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 63 7 ageing ageing JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 63 8 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 63 9 neurodegenerative neurodegenerative JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 63 10 diseases disease NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 63 11 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 63 12 presently presently RB cord-275433-58unu79x 63 13 available available JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 63 14 data datum NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 63 15 suggest suggest VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 63 16 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 63 17 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 63 18 augmentation augmentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 63 19 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 63 20 likely likely JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 63 21 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 63 22 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 63 23 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 63 24 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 64 1 In in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 64 2 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 64 3 case case NN cord-275433-58unu79x 64 4 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 64 5 infectious infectious JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 64 6 diseases disease NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 64 7 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 64 8 it -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 64 9 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 64 10 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 64 11 likely likely JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 64 12 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 64 13 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 64 14 at at IN cord-275433-58unu79x 64 15 least least JJS cord-275433-58unu79x 64 16 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 64 17 most most JJS cord-275433-58unu79x 64 18 cases case NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 64 19 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 64 20 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 64 21 induction induction NN cord-275433-58unu79x 64 22 will will MD cord-275433-58unu79x 64 23 foster foster VB cord-275433-58unu79x 64 24 increased increase VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 64 25 innate innate JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 64 26 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 64 27 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 64 28 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 64 29 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 65 1 Nonetheless nonetheless RB cord-275433-58unu79x 65 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 65 3 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 65 4 possibility possibility NN cord-275433-58unu79x 65 5 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 65 6 certain certain JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 65 7 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 65 8 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 65 9 fare fare VB cord-275433-58unu79x 65 10 better well RBR cord-275433-58unu79x 65 11 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 65 12 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 65 13 setting setting NN cord-275433-58unu79x 65 14 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 65 15 increased increase VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 65 16 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 65 17 remains remain VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 65 18 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 66 1 Macroautophagy Macroautophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 66 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 66 3 Also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 66 4 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 66 5 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 66 6 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 66 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 66 8 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 67 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 67 2 largely largely RB cord-275433-58unu79x 67 3 non non JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 67 4 - - JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 67 5 specific specific JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 67 6 autophagic autophagic NN cord-275433-58unu79x 67 7 sequestration sequestration NN cord-275433-58unu79x 67 8 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 67 9 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-275433-58unu79x 67 10 into into IN cord-275433-58unu79x 67 11 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 67 12 doubleor doubleor JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 67 13 multiple multiple JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 67 14 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 67 15 membranedelimited membranedelimited JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 67 16 compartment compartment NN cord-275433-58unu79x 67 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 67 18 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 67 19 autophagosome autophagosome NN cord-275433-58unu79x 67 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 67 21 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 67 22 nonlysosomal nonlysosomal NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 67 23 origin origin NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 67 24 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 68 1 Note note VB cord-275433-58unu79x 68 2 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 68 3 certain certain JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 68 4 proteins protein NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 68 5 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 68 6 organelles organelle NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 68 7 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 68 8 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 68 9 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 68 10 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 68 11 selectively selectively RB cord-275433-58unu79x 68 12 degraded degrade VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 68 13 via via IN cord-275433-58unu79x 68 14 macroautophagy macroautophagy NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 68 15 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 69 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 69 2 uptake uptake NN cord-275433-58unu79x 69 3 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 69 4 degradation degradation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 69 5 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 69 6 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-275433-58unu79x 69 7 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 69 8 invagination invagination NN cord-275433-58unu79x 69 9 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 69 10 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 69 11 lysosomal lysosomal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 69 12 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 69 13 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 70 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 70 2 import import NN cord-275433-58unu79x 70 3 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 70 4 degradation degradation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 70 5 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 70 6 soluble soluble JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 70 7 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 70 8 proteins protein NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 70 9 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 70 10 chaperone chaperone NN cord-275433-58unu79x 70 11 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 70 12 dependent dependent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 70 13 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 70 14 direct direct JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 70 15 translocation translocation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 70 16 across across IN cord-275433-58unu79x 70 17 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 70 18 lysosomal lysosomal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 70 19 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 70 20 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 71 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 71 2 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 71 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 71 4 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 72 1 Synthetic Synthetic NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 72 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 72 3 molecules molecule NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 72 4 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 72 5 19 19 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 72 6 - - SYM cord-275433-58unu79x 72 7 23 23 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 72 8 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 72 9 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 72 10 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 72 11 used use VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 72 12 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 72 13 ' ' `` cord-275433-58unu79x 72 14 knockdown knockdown NN cord-275433-58unu79x 72 15 ' ' '' cord-275433-58unu79x 72 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 72 17 that that RB cord-275433-58unu79x 72 18 is is RB cord-275433-58unu79x 72 19 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 72 20 silence silence VB cord-275433-58unu79x 72 21 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 72 22 expression expression NN cord-275433-58unu79x 72 23 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 72 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 72 25 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 72 26 specific specific JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 72 27 gene gene NN cord-275433-58unu79x 72 28 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 73 1 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 73 2 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 73 3 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 73 4 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 73 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 73 6 interference interference NN cord-275433-58unu79x 73 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 73 8 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 73 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 73 10 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 73 11 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 73 12 mediated mediate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 73 13 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 73 14 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 73 15 sequencespecific sequencespecific JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 73 16 degradation degradation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 73 17 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 73 18 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 73 19 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 74 1 PtdIns PtdIns NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 74 2 on on IN cord-275433-58unu79x 74 3 endomembranes endomembrane NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 74 4 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 74 5 acts act VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 74 6 at at IN cord-275433-58unu79x 74 7 several several JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 74 8 steps step NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 74 9 along along IN cord-275433-58unu79x 74 10 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 74 11 signalling signal VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 74 12 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 74 13 associated associate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 74 14 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 74 15 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 74 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 74 17 FIG fig NN cord-275433-58unu79x 74 18 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 74 19 2 2 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 74 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 74 21 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 75 1 when when WRB cord-275433-58unu79x 75 2 amino amino JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 75 3 acids acid NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 75 4 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 75 5 plentiful plentiful JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 75 6 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 75 7 vPS34 vPS34 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 75 8 contributes contribute VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 75 9 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 75 10 mTOR mTOR NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 75 11 activation activation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 75 12 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 75 13 thereby thereby RB cord-275433-58unu79x 75 14 repressing repress VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 75 15 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 75 16 23 23 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 75 17 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 75 18 24 24 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 75 19 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 76 1 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 76 2 contrast contrast NN cord-275433-58unu79x 76 3 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 76 4 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 76 5 initiation initiation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 76 6 stages stage NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 76 7 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 76 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 76 9 depend depend VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 76 10 on on IN cord-275433-58unu79x 76 11 vPS34 vPS34 NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 76 12 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 76 13 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 76 14 complex complex NN cord-275433-58unu79x 76 15 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 76 16 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 76 17 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 76 18 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 76 19 associated associate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 76 20 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 76 21 beclin beclin NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 76 22 1 1 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 76 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 76 24 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 76 25 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 76 26 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 76 27 ATG6 ATG6 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 76 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 76 29 25 25 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 76 30 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 77 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 77 2 beclin-1-vPS34 beclin-1-vPS34 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 77 3 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 77 4 complex complex NN cord-275433-58unu79x 77 5 can can MD cord-275433-58unu79x 77 6 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 77 7 activated activate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 77 8 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 77 9 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 77 10 beclin-1-interacting beclin-1-interacte VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 77 11 partners partner NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 77 12 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 77 13 uvRAG uvrag IN cord-275433-58unu79x 78 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 78 2 uv uv NN cord-275433-58unu79x 78 3 radiation radiation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 78 4 resistance resistance NN cord-275433-58unu79x 78 5 associated associate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 78 6 gene gene NN cord-275433-58unu79x 78 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 78 8 26 26 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 78 9 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 78 10 AMbRA1 AMbRA1 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 78 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 78 12 activating activate VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 78 13 molecule molecule NN cord-275433-58unu79x 78 14 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 78 15 beclin-1-regulated beclin-1-regulated NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 78 16 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 78 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 78 18 27 27 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 78 19 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 78 20 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 78 21 inhibited inhibit VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 78 22 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 78 23 another another DT cord-275433-58unu79x 78 24 beclin-1-interacting beclin-1-interacte VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 78 25 partner partner NN cord-275433-58unu79x 78 26 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 78 27 bCL-2 bCL-2 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 78 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 78 29 b b NN cord-275433-58unu79x 78 30 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 78 31 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 78 32 lymphoma lymphoma NN cord-275433-58unu79x 78 33 2 2 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 78 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 78 35 28 28 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 78 36 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 79 1 Pharmacological pharmacological JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 79 2 induction induction NN cord-275433-58unu79x 79 3 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 79 4 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 79 5 can can MD cord-275433-58unu79x 79 6 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 79 7 achieved achieve VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 79 8 using use VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 79 9 rapamycin rapamycin NN cord-275433-58unu79x 79 10 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 79 11 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 79 12 drug drug NN cord-275433-58unu79x 79 13 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 79 14 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 79 15 mTOR mTOR NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 79 16 activity activity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 79 17 29 29 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 79 18 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 79 19 whereas whereas IN cord-275433-58unu79x 79 20 pharmacological pharmacological JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 79 21 inhibition inhibition NN cord-275433-58unu79x 79 22 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 79 23 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 79 24 can can MD cord-275433-58unu79x 79 25 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 79 26 achieved achieve VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 79 27 using use VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 79 28 3-methyladenine 3-methyladenine CD cord-275433-58unu79x 79 29 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 79 30 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 79 31 drug drug NN cord-275433-58unu79x 79 32 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 79 33 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 79 34 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 79 35 III iii CD cord-275433-58unu79x 79 36 PI3 pi3 NN cord-275433-58unu79x 79 37 K K NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 79 38 activity activity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 79 39 30 30 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 79 40 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 80 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 80 2 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 80 3 noteworthy noteworthy JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 80 4 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 80 5 however however RB cord-275433-58unu79x 80 6 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 80 7 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 80 8 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 80 9 mTOR mTOR NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 80 10 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 80 11 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 80 12 III iii CD cord-275433-58unu79x 80 13 PI3Ks PI3Ks NNPS cord-275433-58unu79x 80 14 have have VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 80 15 pleiotropic pleiotropic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 80 16 cellular cellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 80 17 functions function NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 80 18 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 80 19 both both DT cord-275433-58unu79x 80 20 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 80 21 these these DT cord-275433-58unu79x 80 22 drugs drug NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 80 23 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 80 24 potent potent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 80 25 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 80 26 but but CC cord-275433-58unu79x 80 27 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 80 28 specific specific JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 80 29 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 80 30 regulators regulator NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 80 31 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 80 32 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 80 33 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 81 1 Knockdown knockdown NN cord-275433-58unu79x 81 2 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 81 3 expression expression NN cord-275433-58unu79x 81 4 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 81 5 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 81 6 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 81 7 related relate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 81 8 genes gene NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 81 9 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 81 10 small small JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 81 11 interfering interfere VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 81 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 81 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 81 14 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 81 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 81 16 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 81 17 therefore therefore RB cord-275433-58unu79x 81 18 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 81 19 indispensable indispensable JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 81 20 tool tool NN cord-275433-58unu79x 81 21 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 81 22 selectively selectively RB cord-275433-58unu79x 81 23 probing probe VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 81 24 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 81 25 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 81 26 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 81 27 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 81 28 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 81 29 defined define VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 81 30 biological biological JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 81 31 processes process NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 81 32 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 82 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 82 2 execution execution NN cord-275433-58unu79x 82 3 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 82 4 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 82 5 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 82 6 mediated mediate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 82 7 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 82 8 evolutionarily evolutionarily RB cord-275433-58unu79x 82 9 conserved conserve VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 82 10 proteins protein NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 82 11 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 82 12 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 82 13 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 82 14 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 82 15 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 82 16 related relate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 82 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 82 18 ATG ATG NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 82 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 82 20 proteins protein VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 82 21 31 31 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 82 22 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 83 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 83 2 molecular molecular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 83 3 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 83 4 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 83 5 which which WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 83 6 this this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 83 7 group group NN cord-275433-58unu79x 83 8 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 83 9 proteins protein NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 83 10 mediates mediate VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 83 11 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 83 12 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 83 13 been be VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 83 14 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 83 15 subject subject NN cord-275433-58unu79x 83 16 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 83 17 recent recent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 83 18 reviews review NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 83 19 3,32 3,32 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 83 20 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 83 21 34 34 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 83 22 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 83 23 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 83 24 depicted depict VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 83 25 schematically schematically RB cord-275433-58unu79x 83 26 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 83 27 FIG FIG NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 83 28 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 84 1 2 2 LS cord-275433-58unu79x 84 2 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 85 1 Autophagosomal Autophagosomal NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 85 2 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 85 3 formation formation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 85 4 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 85 5 expansion expansion NN cord-275433-58unu79x 85 6 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 85 7 facilitated facilitate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 85 8 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 85 9 two two CD cord-275433-58unu79x 85 10 specialized specialized JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 85 11 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 85 12 conjugation conjugation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 85 13 systems system NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 85 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 85 15 FIG fig NN cord-275433-58unu79x 85 16 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 85 17 2 2 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 85 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 85 19 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 85 20 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 85 21 ATG8 ATG8 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 85 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 85 23 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 85 24 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 85 25 LC3 lc3 NN cord-275433-58unu79x 85 26 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 85 27 mammals mammal NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 85 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 85 29 system system NN cord-275433-58unu79x 85 30 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 85 31 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 85 32 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 85 33 system system NN cord-275433-58unu79x 85 34 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 86 1 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 86 2 results result VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 86 3 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 86 4 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 86 5 carboxy carboxy JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 86 6 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 86 7 terminal terminal NN cord-275433-58unu79x 86 8 conjugation conjugation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 86 9 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 86 10 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 86 11 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 86 12 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 86 13 lipid lipid NN cord-275433-58unu79x 86 14 phosphatidylethanolamine phosphatidylethanolamine NN cord-275433-58unu79x 86 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 86 16 Pe Pe NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 86 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 86 18 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 86 19 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 86 20 localization localization NN cord-275433-58unu79x 86 21 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 86 22 lipidated lipidate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 86 23 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 86 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 86 25 LC3-II lc3-ii NN cord-275433-58unu79x 86 26 ; ; : cord-275433-58unu79x 86 27 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 86 28 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 86 29 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 86 30 ATG8-Pe ATG8-Pe NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 86 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 86 32 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 86 33 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 86 34 membranes membrane NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 86 35 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 87 1 Membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 87 2 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 87 3 associated associate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 87 4 LC3-II lc3-ii NN cord-275433-58unu79x 87 5 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 87 6 become become VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 87 7 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 87 8 most most RBS cord-275433-58unu79x 87 9 universally universally RB cord-275433-58unu79x 87 10 used use VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 87 11 marker marker NN cord-275433-58unu79x 87 12 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 87 13 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 87 14 detection detection NN cord-275433-58unu79x 87 15 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 87 16 membranes membrane NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 87 17 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 87 18 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 87 19 undergoing undergo VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 87 20 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 87 21 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 88 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-275433-58unu79x 88 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 88 3 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 88 4 interacts interact VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 88 5 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 88 6 p62 p62 NN cord-275433-58unu79x 88 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 88 8 sequestosome-1 sequestosome-1 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 88 9 ; ; : cord-275433-58unu79x 88 10 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 88 11 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 88 12 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 88 13 SQSTM1 SQSTM1 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 88 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 88 15 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 88 16 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 88 17 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 88 18 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 88 19 recognizes recognize VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 88 20 polyubiquitylated polyubiquitylated JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 88 21 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 88 22 aggregates aggregate NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 88 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 88 24 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 88 25 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 88 26 too too RB cord-275433-58unu79x 88 27 big big JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 88 28 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 88 29 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 88 30 regulated regulate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 88 31 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 88 32 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 88 33 set set NN cord-275433-58unu79x 88 34 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 88 35 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 88 36 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 88 37 related relate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 88 38 proteins protein NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 88 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 88 40 ATG ATG NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 88 41 proteins protein NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 88 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 88 43 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 89 1 In in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 89 2 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 89 3 absence absence NN cord-275433-58unu79x 89 4 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 89 5 amino amino JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 89 6 acids acid NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 89 7 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 89 8 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 89 9 response response NN cord-275433-58unu79x 89 10 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 89 11 other other JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 89 12 stimuli stimulus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 89 13 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 89 14 ATG1 ATG1 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 89 15 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 89 16 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 89 17 complex complex NN cord-275433-58unu79x 89 18 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 89 19 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 89 20 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 89 21 III iii CD cord-275433-58unu79x 89 22 PI3 pi3 NN cord-275433-58unu79x 89 23 K K NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 89 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 89 25 phosphoinositide phosphoinositide NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 89 26 3-kinase 3-kinase CD cord-275433-58unu79x 89 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 89 28 VPS34 VPS34 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 89 29 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 89 30 beclin beclin NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 89 31 1 1 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 89 32 lead lead NN cord-275433-58unu79x 89 33 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 89 34 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 89 35 activation activation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 89 36 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 89 37 downstream downstream JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 89 38 ATG ATG NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 89 39 factors factor NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 89 40 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 89 41 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 89 42 involved involve VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 89 43 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 89 44 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 89 45 initiation initiation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 89 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 89 47 a a LS cord-275433-58unu79x 89 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 89 49 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 89 50 elongation elongation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 89 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 89 52 b b NN cord-275433-58unu79x 89 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 89 54 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 89 55 maturation maturation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 89 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 89 57 c c NN cord-275433-58unu79x 89 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 89 59 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 89 60 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 89 61 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 90 1 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 90 2 | | CD cord-275433-58unu79x 91 1 In in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 91 2 amino amino NN cord-275433-58unu79x 91 3 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 91 4 acid acid NN cord-275433-58unu79x 91 5 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 91 6 rich rich JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 91 7 conditions condition NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 91 8 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 91 9 VPS34 VPS34 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 91 10 contributes contribute VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 91 11 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 91 12 mTOR mTOR NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 91 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 91 14 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 91 15 target target NN cord-275433-58unu79x 91 16 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 91 17 rapamycin rapamycin NN cord-275433-58unu79x 91 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 91 19 activation activation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 91 20 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 91 21 inhibition inhibition NN cord-275433-58unu79x 91 22 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 91 23 ATG1 ATG1 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 91 24 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 91 25 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 91 26 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 92 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 92 2 sources source NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 92 3 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 92 4 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 92 5 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 92 6 autophagosome autophagosome JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 92 7 initiation initiation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 92 8 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 92 9 elongation elongation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 92 10 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 92 11 include include VB cord-275433-58unu79x 92 12 those those DT cord-275433-58unu79x 92 13 containing contain VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 92 14 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 92 15 only only RB cord-275433-58unu79x 92 16 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 92 17 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 92 18 integral integral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 92 19 ATG ATG NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 92 20 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 92 21 ATG9 ATG9 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 92 22 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 92 23 redistributing redistribute VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 92 24 between between IN cord-275433-58unu79x 92 25 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 92 26 resting rest VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 92 27 location location NN cord-275433-58unu79x 92 28 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 92 29 autophagosomes autophagosomes VB cord-275433-58unu79x 92 30 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 92 31 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 92 32 ATG1-and ATG1-and NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 92 33 PI3K pi3k NN cord-275433-58unu79x 92 34 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 92 35 dependent dependent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 92 36 manner manner NN cord-275433-58unu79x 92 37 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 93 1 ATG9 atg9 JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 93 2 redistribution redistribution NN cord-275433-58unu79x 93 3 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 93 4 depend depend VB cord-275433-58unu79x 93 5 on on IN cord-275433-58unu79x 93 6 ATG18 ATG18 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 93 7 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 93 8 which which WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 93 9 binds bind VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 93 10 phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 93 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 93 12 PtdIns3P PtdIns3P NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 93 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 93 14 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 94 1 b b LS cord-275433-58unu79x 94 2 | | NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 95 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 95 2 elongation elongation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 95 3 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 95 4 shape shape NN cord-275433-58unu79x 95 5 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 95 6 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 95 7 autophagosome autophagosome NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 95 8 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 95 9 controlled control VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 95 10 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 95 11 two two CD cord-275433-58unu79x 95 12 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 95 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 95 14 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 95 15 lipid lipid NN cord-275433-58unu79x 95 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 95 17 conjugation conjugation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 95 18 systems system NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 95 19 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 95 20 similar similar JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 95 21 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 95 22 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 95 23 ubiquitylation ubiquitylation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 95 24 systems system NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 95 25 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 95 26 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 95 27 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 95 28 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 95 29 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 95 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 95 31 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 95 32 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 95 33 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 95 34 ATG8)-phosphatidylethanolamine atg8)-phosphatidylethanolamine NN cord-275433-58unu79x 95 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 95 36 PE pe NN cord-275433-58unu79x 95 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 95 38 conjugation conjugation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 95 39 pathways pathway NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 95 40 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 95 41 which which WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 95 42 include include VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 95 43 E1-activating e1-activating NN cord-275433-58unu79x 95 44 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 95 45 E2-conjugating e2-conjugating NN cord-275433-58unu79x 95 46 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 95 47 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 96 1 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 96 2 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 96 3 initially initially RB cord-275433-58unu79x 96 4 conjugated conjugate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 96 5 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 96 6 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 96 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 96 8 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 96 9 E1-activating e1-activating NN cord-275433-58unu79x 96 10 enzyme enzyme NN cord-275433-58unu79x 96 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 96 12 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 96 13 then then RB cord-275433-58unu79x 96 14 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 96 15 transferred transfer VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 96 16 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 96 17 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 96 18 E2-like e2-like NN cord-275433-58unu79x 96 19 conjugating conjugating NN cord-275433-58unu79x 96 20 enzyme enzyme NN cord-275433-58unu79x 96 21 ATG10 ATG10 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 96 22 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 97 1 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 97 2 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 97 3 presents present VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 97 4 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 97 5 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 97 6 conjugation conjugation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 97 7 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 97 8 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 97 9 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 97 10 lysine lysine NN cord-275433-58unu79x 97 11 residue residue NN cord-275433-58unu79x 97 12 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 98 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 98 2 ATG5-ATG12 ATG5-ATG12 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 98 3 conjugate conjugate NN cord-275433-58unu79x 98 4 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 98 5 stabilized stabilize VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 98 6 non non NN cord-275433-58unu79x 98 7 - - NN cord-275433-58unu79x 98 8 covalently covalently RB cord-275433-58unu79x 98 9 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 98 10 ATG16 ATG16 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 98 11 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 98 12 triggers trigger VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 98 13 oligomerization oligomerization NN cord-275433-58unu79x 98 14 on on IN cord-275433-58unu79x 98 15 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 98 16 outside outside JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 98 17 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 98 18 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 98 19 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 98 20 growing grow VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 98 21 autophagosome autophagosome NN cord-275433-58unu79x 98 22 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 98 23 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 98 24 enhances enhance VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 98 25 LC3 lc3 JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 98 26 carboxy carboxy JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 98 27 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 98 28 terminal terminal NN cord-275433-58unu79x 98 29 lipidation lipidation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 98 30 through through IN cord-275433-58unu79x 98 31 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 98 32 LC3 lc3 JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 98 33 conjugation conjugation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 98 34 system system NN cord-275433-58unu79x 98 35 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 99 1 Upon upon IN cord-275433-58unu79x 99 2 autophagosome autophagosome JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 99 3 closure closure NN cord-275433-58unu79x 99 4 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 99 5 ATG5-ATG12-ATG16 atg5-atg12-atg16 JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 99 6 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 99 7 LC3 lc3 JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 99 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 99 9 delipidated delipidate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 99 10 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 99 11 ATG4 ATG4 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 99 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 99 13 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 99 14 recycled recycle VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 99 15 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 100 1 c c NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 100 2 | | NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 100 3 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 100 4 associated associate VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 100 5 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 100 6 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 100 7 lumenal lumenal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 100 8 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 100 9 remains remain VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 100 10 trapped trap VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 100 11 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 100 12 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 100 13 autophagosome autophagosome NN cord-275433-58unu79x 100 14 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 100 15 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 100 16 degraded degrade VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 100 17 during during IN cord-275433-58unu79x 100 18 maturation maturation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 100 19 into into IN cord-275433-58unu79x 100 20 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 100 21 autolysosome autolysosome NN cord-275433-58unu79x 100 22 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 100 23 which which WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 100 24 involves involve VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 100 25 fusion fusion NN cord-275433-58unu79x 100 26 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 100 27 autophagosomes autophagosome NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 100 28 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 100 29 late late JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 100 30 endosomes endosome NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 100 31 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 100 32 including include VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 100 33 endosomal endosomal NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 100 34 multivesicular multivesicular NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 100 35 bodies body NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 100 36 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 100 37 lysosomal lysosomal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 100 38 organelles organelle NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 100 39 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 100 40 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 100 41 dissolution dissolution NN cord-275433-58unu79x 100 42 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 100 43 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 100 44 internal internal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 100 45 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 100 46 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 101 1 VPS34 VPS34 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 101 2 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 101 3 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 101 4 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 101 5 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 101 6 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 101 7 formation formation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 101 8 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 101 9 late late JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 101 10 endosomal endosomal NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 101 11 multivesicular multivesicular NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 101 12 bodies body NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 101 13 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 101 14 lysosomal lysosomal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 101 15 organelles organelle NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 101 16 contributing contribute VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 101 17 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 101 18 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 101 19 maturation maturation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 101 20 stages stage NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 101 21 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 101 22 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 101 23 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 102 1 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 102 2 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 102 3 disposed dispose VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 102 4 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 102 5 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 102 6 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 102 7 proteasome proteasome NN cord-275433-58unu79x 102 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 102 9 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 102 10 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 102 11 deliver deliver VB cord-275433-58unu79x 102 12 them -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 102 13 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 102 14 autophagosomes autophagosomes VB cord-275433-58unu79x 102 15 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 102 16 degradation degradation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 102 17 35 35 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 102 18 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 103 1 Although although IN cord-275433-58unu79x 103 2 only only RB cord-275433-58unu79x 103 3 studied study VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 103 4 so so RB cord-275433-58unu79x 103 5 far far RB cord-275433-58unu79x 103 6 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 103 7 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 103 8 context context NN cord-275433-58unu79x 103 9 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 103 10 targeting target VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 103 11 polyubiquitylated polyubiquitylated JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 103 12 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 103 13 aggregates aggregate NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 103 14 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 103 15 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 103 16 interesting interesting JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 103 17 question question NN cord-275433-58unu79x 103 18 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 103 19 whether whether IN cord-275433-58unu79x 103 20 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 103 21 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 103 22 interact interact VB cord-275433-58unu79x 103 23 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 103 24 p62 p62 NN cord-275433-58unu79x 103 25 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 103 26 other other JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 103 27 proteins protein NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 103 28 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 103 29 target target VB cord-275433-58unu79x 103 30 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 103 31 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 103 32 degradation degradation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 103 33 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 103 34 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 103 35 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 103 36 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 103 37 through through IN cord-275433-58unu79x 103 38 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 103 39 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 103 40 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 103 41 II II NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 103 42 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 103 43 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 104 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 104 2 first first JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 104 3 indication indication NN cord-275433-58unu79x 104 4 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 104 5 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 104 6 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 104 7 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 104 8 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 104 9 degraded degrade VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 104 10 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 104 11 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 104 12 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 104 13 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 104 14 like like JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 104 15 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 104 16 emerged emerge VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 104 17 more more JJR cord-275433-58unu79x 104 18 than than IN cord-275433-58unu79x 104 19 two two CD cord-275433-58unu79x 104 20 decades decade NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 104 21 ago ago RB cord-275433-58unu79x 104 22 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 104 23 morphological morphological JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 104 24 studies study NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 104 25 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 104 26 polymorphonuclear polymorphonuclear NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 104 27 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 104 28 infected infect VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 104 29 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 104 30 Rickettsia Rickettsia NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 104 31 conorii conorii NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 104 32 36 36 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 104 33 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 105 1 However however RB cord-275433-58unu79x 105 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 105 3 before before IN cord-275433-58unu79x 105 4 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 105 5 discovery discovery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 105 6 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 105 7 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 105 8 components component NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 105 9 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 105 10 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 105 11 autophagic autophagic NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 105 12 machinery machinery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 105 13 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 105 14 this this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 105 15 was be VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 105 16 difficult difficult JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 105 17 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 105 18 prove prove VB cord-275433-58unu79x 105 19 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 106 1 There there EX cord-275433-58unu79x 106 2 was be VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 106 3 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 106 4 lack lack NN cord-275433-58unu79x 106 5 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 106 6 markers marker NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 106 7 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 106 8 unequivocally unequivocally RB cord-275433-58unu79x 106 9 identify identify VB cord-275433-58unu79x 106 10 autophagosomes autophagosome NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 106 11 ; ; : cord-275433-58unu79x 106 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 106 13 was be VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 106 14 difficult difficult JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 106 15 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 106 16 follow follow VB cord-275433-58unu79x 106 17 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 106 18 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 106 19 fate fate NN cord-275433-58unu79x 106 20 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 106 21 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 106 22 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 106 23 ; ; : cord-275433-58unu79x 106 24 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 106 25 it -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 106 26 was be VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 106 27 difficult difficult JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 106 28 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 106 29 determine determine VB cord-275433-58unu79x 106 30 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 106 31 significance significance NN cord-275433-58unu79x 106 32 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 106 33 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 106 34 association association NN cord-275433-58unu79x 106 35 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 106 36 autophagosomal autophagosomal NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 106 37 membranes membrane NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 106 38 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 106 39 host host NN cord-275433-58unu79x 106 40 defence defence NN cord-275433-58unu79x 106 41 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 107 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-275433-58unu79x 107 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 107 3 several several JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 107 4 studies study NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 107 5 proposed propose VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 107 6 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 107 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 107 8 was be VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 107 9 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 107 10 ' ' `` cord-275433-58unu79x 107 11 microorganism microorganism NN cord-275433-58unu79x 107 12 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 107 13 friendly friendly JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 107 14 process process NN cord-275433-58unu79x 107 15 ' ' '' cord-275433-58unu79x 107 16 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 107 17 supported support VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 107 18 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 107 19 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 107 20 survival survival NN cord-275433-58unu79x 107 21 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 107 22 certain certain JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 107 23 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 107 24 37 37 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 107 25 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 108 1 However however RB cord-275433-58unu79x 108 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 108 3 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 108 4 new new JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 108 5 tools tool NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 108 6 available available JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 108 7 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 108 8 label label VB cord-275433-58unu79x 108 9 autophagosomes autophagosomes NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 108 10 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 108 11 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 108 12 inactivate inactivate VB cord-275433-58unu79x 108 13 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 108 14 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 108 15 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 108 16 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 108 17 infected infected JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 108 18 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 108 19 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 108 20 we -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 108 21 now now RB cord-275433-58unu79x 108 22 know know VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 108 23 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 108 24 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 108 25 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 108 26 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 108 27 important important JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 108 28 host host NN cord-275433-58unu79x 108 29 mechanism mechanism NN cord-275433-58unu79x 108 30 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 108 31 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 108 32 removal removal NN cord-275433-58unu79x 108 33 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 108 34 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 108 35 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 108 36 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 108 37 protozoans protozoan NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 108 38 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 108 39 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 108 40 keeping keep VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 108 41 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 108 42 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-275433-58unu79x 108 43 primary primary JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 108 44 function function NN cord-275433-58unu79x 108 45 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 108 46 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 108 47 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 108 48 clean clean JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 108 49 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 108 50 up up NN cord-275433-58unu79x 108 51 process process NN cord-275433-58unu79x 108 52 38 38 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 108 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 108 54 FIG fig NN cord-275433-58unu79x 108 55 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 108 56 3 3 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 108 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 108 58 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 109 1 In in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 109 2 parallel parallel JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 109 3 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 109 4 many many JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 109 5 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 109 6 have have VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 109 7 evolved evolve VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 109 8 strategies strategy NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 109 9 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 109 10 protect protect VB cord-275433-58unu79x 109 11 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 109 12 against against IN cord-275433-58unu79x 109 13 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 109 14 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 109 15 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 109 16 harness harness VB cord-275433-58unu79x 109 17 components component NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 109 18 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 109 19 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 109 20 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 109 21 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 109 22 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 109 23 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-275433-58unu79x 109 24 own own JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 109 25 benefit benefit NN cord-275433-58unu79x 109 26 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 109 27 although although RB cord-275433-58unu79x 109 28 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 109 29 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 109 30 general general JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 109 31 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 109 32 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 109 33 molecular molecular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 109 34 details detail NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 109 35 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 109 36 such such JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 109 37 strategies strategy NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 109 38 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 109 39 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 109 40 well well RB cord-275433-58unu79x 109 41 defined define VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 109 42 37 37 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 109 43 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 110 1 One one CD cord-275433-58unu79x 110 2 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 110 3 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 110 4 initial initial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 110 5 indications indication NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 110 6 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 110 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 110 8 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 110 9 have have VB cord-275433-58unu79x 110 10 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 110 11 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 110 12 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 110 13 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 110 14 against against IN cord-275433-58unu79x 110 15 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 110 16 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 110 17 was be VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 110 18 provided provide VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 110 19 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 110 20 observations observation NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 110 21 regarding regard VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 110 22 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 110 23 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 110 24 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 110 25 PtdIns3P PtdIns3P NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 110 26 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 110 27 innate innate JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 110 28 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 110 29 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 111 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 111 2 was be VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 111 3 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 111 4 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 111 5 PtdIns3P PtdIns3P NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 111 6 participated participate VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 111 7 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 111 8 phagolysosomal phagolysosomal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 111 9 biogenesis biogenesis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 111 10 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 111 11 microbial microbial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 111 12 clearance clearance NN cord-275433-58unu79x 111 13 upon upon IN cord-275433-58unu79x 111 14 macrophage macrophage NN cord-275433-58unu79x 111 15 phagocytosis phagocytosis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 111 16 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 111 17 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 111 18 39 39 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 111 19 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 111 20 40 40 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 111 21 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 112 1 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 112 2 link link NN cord-275433-58unu79x 112 3 prompted prompt VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 112 4 investigations investigation NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 112 5 into into IN cord-275433-58unu79x 112 6 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 112 7 potential potential JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 112 8 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 112 9 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 112 10 increased increase VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 112 11 PtdIns3P PtdIns3P NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 112 12 production production NN cord-275433-58unu79x 112 13 41 41 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 112 14 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 112 15 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 112 16 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 112 17 extension extension NN cord-275433-58unu79x 112 18 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 112 19 autophagy autophagy VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 112 20 42 42 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 112 21 -as -as CD cord-275433-58unu79x 112 22 PtdIns3P PtdIns3P NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 112 23 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 112 24 involved involve VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 112 25 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 112 26 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 112 27 initiation initiation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 112 28 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 112 29 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 112 30 downstream downstream RB cord-275433-58unu79x 112 31 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 112 32 mTOR mTOR NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 112 33 -in -in : cord-275433-58unu79x 112 34 eliminating eliminate VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 112 35 certain certain JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 112 36 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 112 37 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 112 38 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 112 39 such such JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 112 40 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 112 41 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 112 42 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 112 43 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 112 44 that that DT cord-275433-58unu79x 112 45 block block VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 112 46 normal normal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 112 47 phagolysosome phagolysosome NN cord-275433-58unu79x 112 48 biogenesis biogenesis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 112 49 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 113 1 Gutierrez Gutierrez NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 113 2 et et NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 113 3 al al NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 113 4 . . NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 113 5 showed show VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 113 6 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 113 7 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 113 8 mycobacterial mycobacterial NN cord-275433-58unu79x 113 9 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 113 10 imposed impose VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 113 11 block block NN cord-275433-58unu79x 113 12 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 113 13 phagolysosomal phagolysosomal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 113 14 maturation maturation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 113 15 can can MD cord-275433-58unu79x 113 16 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 113 17 overcome overcome VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 113 18 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 113 19 activating activate VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 113 20 cellular cellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 113 21 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 113 22 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 113 23 either either CC cord-275433-58unu79x 113 24 through through IN cord-275433-58unu79x 113 25 starvation starvation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 113 26 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 113 27 inhibition inhibition NN cord-275433-58unu79x 113 28 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 113 29 mTOR mTOR NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 113 30 42 42 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 113 31 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 114 1 Nearly nearly RB cord-275433-58unu79x 114 2 simultaneously simultaneously RB cord-275433-58unu79x 114 3 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 114 4 other other JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 114 5 studies study NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 114 6 determined determine VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 114 7 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 114 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 114 9 can can MD cord-275433-58unu79x 114 10 capture capture VB cord-275433-58unu79x 114 11 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 114 12 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 114 13 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 114 14 lyse lyse VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 114 15 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 114 16 phagosome phagosome NN cord-275433-58unu79x 114 17 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 114 18 escape escape VB cord-275433-58unu79x 114 19 into into IN cord-275433-58unu79x 114 20 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 114 21 cytosol cytosol NN cord-275433-58unu79x 114 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 114 23 such such JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 114 24 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 114 25 Shigella Shigella NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 114 26 spp spp NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 114 27 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 114 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 115 1 43 43 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 115 2 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 115 3 extracellular extracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 115 4 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 115 5 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 115 6 manage manage VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 115 7 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 115 8 invade invade VB cord-275433-58unu79x 115 9 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 115 10 host host NN cord-275433-58unu79x 115 11 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-275433-58unu79x 115 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 115 13 such such JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 115 14 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 115 15 Group Group NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 115 16 A A NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 115 17 Streptococcus Streptococcus NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 115 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 115 19 44 44 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 115 20 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 116 1 Other other JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 116 2 studies study NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 116 3 have have VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 116 4 confirmed confirm VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 116 5 these these DT cord-275433-58unu79x 116 6 initial initial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 116 7 findings finding NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 116 8 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 116 9 extended extend VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 116 10 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 116 11 list list NN cord-275433-58unu79x 116 12 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 116 13 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 116 14 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 116 15 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 116 16 parasites parasite NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 116 17 targeted target VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 116 18 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 116 19 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 116 20 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 116 21 include include VB cord-275433-58unu79x 116 22 Listeria Listeria NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 116 23 monocytogenes monocytogenes NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 116 24 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 116 25 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 116 26 enterica enterica NN cord-275433-58unu79x 116 27 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 116 28 Francisella Francisella NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 116 29 tularensis tularensis NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 116 30 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 116 31 Toxoplasma Toxoplasma NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 116 32 gondii gondii NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 116 33 8 8 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 116 34 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 116 35 9 9 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 116 36 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 116 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 116 38 45 45 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 116 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 116 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 116 41 46 46 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 116 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 116 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 116 44 47 47 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 116 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 116 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 116 47 48 48 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 116 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 116 49 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 116 50 49 49 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 116 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 116 52 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 117 1 There there EX cord-275433-58unu79x 117 2 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 117 3 some some DT cord-275433-58unu79x 117 4 aspects aspect NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 117 5 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 117 6 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 117 7 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 117 8 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 117 9 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 117 10 particular particular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 117 11 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 117 12 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 117 13 control control NN cord-275433-58unu79x 117 14 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 117 15 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 117 16 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 117 17 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 118 1 First first RB cord-275433-58unu79x 118 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 118 3 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 118 4 size size NN cord-275433-58unu79x 118 5 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 118 6 autophagosomes autophagosome NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 118 7 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 118 8 engulf engulf VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 118 9 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 118 10 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 118 11 tends tend VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 118 12 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 118 13 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 118 14 considerably considerably RB cord-275433-58unu79x 118 15 larger large JJR cord-275433-58unu79x 118 16 than than IN cord-275433-58unu79x 118 17 ' ' `` cord-275433-58unu79x 118 18 typical typical JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 118 19 ' ' '' cord-275433-58unu79x 118 20 autophagosomes autophagosomes NN cord-275433-58unu79x 118 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 118 22 that that RB cord-275433-58unu79x 118 23 is is RB cord-275433-58unu79x 118 24 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 118 25 those those DT cord-275433-58unu79x 118 26 clearing clear VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 118 27 up up RP cord-275433-58unu79x 118 28 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 118 29 constituents constituent NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 118 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 118 31 44 44 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 118 32 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 118 33 raising raise VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 118 34 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 118 35 possibility possibility NN cord-275433-58unu79x 118 36 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 118 37 these these DT cord-275433-58unu79x 118 38 autophagosomes autophagosome NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 118 39 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 118 40 have have VB cord-275433-58unu79x 118 41 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 118 42 different different JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 118 43 biogenesis biogenesis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 118 44 than than IN cord-275433-58unu79x 118 45 typical typical JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 118 46 autophagosomes autophagosome NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 118 47 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 119 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-275433-58unu79x 119 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 119 3 there there EX cord-275433-58unu79x 119 4 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 119 5 similarities similarity NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 119 6 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 119 7 size size NN cord-275433-58unu79x 119 8 between between IN cord-275433-58unu79x 119 9 LC3-positive lc3-positive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 119 10 structures structure NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 119 11 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 119 12 clear clear VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 119 13 large large JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 119 14 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 119 15 aggregates aggregate VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 119 16 50 50 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 119 17 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 119 18 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 119 19 LC3-positive lc3-positive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 119 20 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 119 21 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 119 22 containing contain VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 119 23 autophagosomes autophagosomes NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 119 24 44 44 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 119 25 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 120 1 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 120 2 suggests suggest VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 120 3 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 120 4 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 120 5 formation formation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 120 6 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 120 7 these these DT cord-275433-58unu79x 120 8 large large JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 120 9 autophagosomes autophagosome NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 120 10 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 120 11 if if IN cord-275433-58unu79x 120 12 distinct distinct JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 120 13 from from IN cord-275433-58unu79x 120 14 classical classical JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 120 15 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 120 16 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 120 17 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 120 18 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 120 19 reserved reserve VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 120 20 exclusively exclusively RB cord-275433-58unu79x 120 21 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 120 22 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 120 23 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 121 1 Another another DT cord-275433-58unu79x 121 2 area area NN cord-275433-58unu79x 121 3 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 121 4 debate debate NN cord-275433-58unu79x 121 5 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 121 6 whether whether IN cord-275433-58unu79x 121 7 autophagosomes autophagosomes NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 121 8 can can MD cord-275433-58unu79x 121 9 only only RB cord-275433-58unu79x 121 10 target target VB cord-275433-58unu79x 121 11 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 121 12 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 121 13 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 121 14 reside reside VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 121 15 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 121 16 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 121 17 cytosol cytosol NN cord-275433-58unu79x 121 18 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 121 19 whether whether IN cord-275433-58unu79x 121 20 they -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 121 21 can can MD cord-275433-58unu79x 121 22 sequester sequester VB cord-275433-58unu79x 121 23 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 121 24 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 121 25 reside reside VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 121 26 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 121 27 membranous membranous JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 121 28 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 121 29 intravacuolar intravacuolar NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 121 30 compartments compartment NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 121 31 42 42 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 121 32 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 121 33 44 44 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 121 34 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 121 35 48 48 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 121 36 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 121 37 51 51 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 121 38 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 122 1 As as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 122 2 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 122 3 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 122 4 designed design VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 122 5 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 122 6 engulf engulf VB cord-275433-58unu79x 122 7 membranous membranous JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 122 8 organelles organelle NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 122 9 4,38 4,38 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 122 10 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 122 11 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 122 12 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 122 13 enclosure enclosure NN cord-275433-58unu79x 122 14 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 122 15 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 122 16 pathogen pathogen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 122 17 within within IN cord-275433-58unu79x 122 18 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 122 19 membranous membranous JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 122 20 vacuole vacuole NN cord-275433-58unu79x 122 21 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 122 22 such such JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 122 23 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 122 24 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 122 25 phagosome phagosome NN cord-275433-58unu79x 122 26 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 122 27 should should MD cord-275433-58unu79x 122 28 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 122 29 represent represent VB cord-275433-58unu79x 122 30 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 122 31 obstacle obstacle NN cord-275433-58unu79x 122 32 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 122 33 autophagic autophagic VB cord-275433-58unu79x 122 34 elimination elimination NN cord-275433-58unu79x 122 35 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 123 1 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 123 2 question question NN cord-275433-58unu79x 123 3 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 123 4 been be VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 123 5 answered answer VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 123 6 experimentally experimentally RB cord-275433-58unu79x 123 7 using use VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 123 8 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 123 9 parasite parasite NN cord-275433-58unu79x 123 10 T. t. NN cord-275433-58unu79x 123 11 gondii gondii NN cord-275433-58unu79x 123 12 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 124 1 In in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 124 2 T. T. NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 124 3 gondiiinfected gondiiinfecte VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 124 4 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 124 5 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 124 6 two two CD cord-275433-58unu79x 124 7 different different JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 124 8 but but CC cord-275433-58unu79x 124 9 equally equally RB cord-275433-58unu79x 124 10 potent potent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 124 11 pathways pathway NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 124 12 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 124 13 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 124 14 elimination elimination NN cord-275433-58unu79x 124 15 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 124 16 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 124 17 pathogen pathogen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 124 18 operate operate VB cord-275433-58unu79x 124 19 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 124 20 one one NN cord-275433-58unu79x 124 21 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 124 22 disrupts disrupt VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 124 23 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 124 24 parasitophorous parasitophorous JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 124 25 vacuole vacuole NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 124 26 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 124 27 harbours harbour VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 124 28 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 124 29 protozoan protozoan NN cord-275433-58unu79x 124 30 9 9 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 124 31 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 124 32 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 124 33 other other JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 124 34 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 124 35 does do VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 124 36 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 124 37 require require VB cord-275433-58unu79x 124 38 disruption disruption NN cord-275433-58unu79x 124 39 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 124 40 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 124 41 parasitophorous parasitophorous JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 124 42 vacuole vacuole NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 124 43 8 8 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 124 44 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 125 1 Thus thus RB cord-275433-58unu79x 125 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 125 3 encasement encasement NN cord-275433-58unu79x 125 4 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 125 5 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 125 6 pathogen pathogen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 125 7 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 125 8 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 125 9 vacuole vacuole NN cord-275433-58unu79x 125 10 does do VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 125 11 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 125 12 seem seem VB cord-275433-58unu79x 125 13 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 125 14 represent represent VB cord-275433-58unu79x 125 15 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 125 16 physical physical JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 125 17 barrier barrier NN cord-275433-58unu79x 125 18 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 125 19 autophagic autophagic VB cord-275433-58unu79x 125 20 capture capture NN cord-275433-58unu79x 125 21 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 125 22 elimination elimination NN cord-275433-58unu79x 125 23 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 126 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 126 2 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 126 3 been be VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 126 4 proposed propose VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 126 5 that that DT cord-275433-58unu79x 126 6 damage damage NN cord-275433-58unu79x 126 7 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 126 8 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 126 9 vacuolar vacuolar NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 126 10 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 126 11 containing contain VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 126 12 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 126 13 organism organism NN cord-275433-58unu79x 126 14 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 126 15 precede precede VB cord-275433-58unu79x 126 16 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-275433-58unu79x 126 17 autophagic autophagic NN cord-275433-58unu79x 126 18 sequestration sequestration NN cord-275433-58unu79x 126 19 9 9 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 126 20 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 126 21 but but CC cord-275433-58unu79x 126 22 it -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 126 23 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 126 24 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 126 25 yet yet RB cord-275433-58unu79x 126 26 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 126 27 whether whether IN cord-275433-58unu79x 126 28 such such JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 126 29 damage damage NN cord-275433-58unu79x 126 30 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 126 31 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 126 32 molecular molecular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 126 33 modification modification NN cord-275433-58unu79x 126 34 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 126 35 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 126 36 target target NN cord-275433-58unu79x 126 37 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 126 38 leads lead VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 126 39 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 126 40 autophagic autophagic VB cord-275433-58unu79x 126 41 uptake uptake NN cord-275433-58unu79x 126 42 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 127 1 Another another DT cord-275433-58unu79x 127 2 pertinent pertinent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 127 3 question question NN cord-275433-58unu79x 127 4 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 127 5 how how WRB cord-275433-58unu79x 127 6 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 127 7 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 127 8 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 127 9 free free JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 127 10 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 127 11 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 127 12 cytosol cytosol NN cord-275433-58unu79x 127 13 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 127 14 recognized recognize VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 127 15 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 127 16 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 127 17 autophagic autophagic NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 127 18 machinery machinery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 127 19 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 128 1 One one CD cord-275433-58unu79x 128 2 possibility possibility NN cord-275433-58unu79x 128 3 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 128 4 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 128 5 microbial microbial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 128 6 proteins protein NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 128 7 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 128 8 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 128 9 marked mark VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 128 10 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 128 11 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 128 12 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 128 13 modifications modification NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 128 14 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 128 15 such such JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 128 16 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 128 17 ubiquitylation ubiquitylation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 128 18 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 128 19 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 128 20 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 128 21 already already RB cord-275433-58unu79x 128 22 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 128 23 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 128 24 modify modify VB cord-275433-58unu79x 128 25 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 128 26 products product NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 128 27 52 52 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 128 28 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 128 29 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 128 30 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 128 31 other other JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 128 32 yet yet RB cord-275433-58unu79x 128 33 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 128 34 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 128 35 identified identify VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 128 36 molecular molecular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 128 37 tags tag NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 128 38 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 129 1 Alternatively alternatively RB cord-275433-58unu79x 129 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 129 3 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 129 4 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 129 5 addition addition NN cord-275433-58unu79x 129 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 129 7 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 129 8 patternrecognition patternrecognition NN cord-275433-58unu79x 129 9 receptors receptor NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 129 10 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 129 11 such such JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 129 12 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 129 13 TLRs TLRs NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 129 14 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 129 15 NOD nod NN cord-275433-58unu79x 129 16 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 129 17 like like JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 129 18 receptors receptor NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 129 19 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 129 20 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 130 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 130 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 130 3 retinoic retinoic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 130 4 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 130 5 acid acid NN cord-275433-58unu79x 130 6 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 130 7 inducible inducible JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 130 8 gene gene NN cord-275433-58unu79x 130 9 I)-like I)-like NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 130 10 helicases helicase NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 130 11 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 130 12 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 130 13 recognize recognize VB cord-275433-58unu79x 130 14 pathogen pathogen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 130 15 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 130 16 associated associate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 130 17 molecular molecular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 130 18 patterns pattern NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 130 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 130 20 PAMPs pamp NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 130 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 130 22 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 130 23 stimulate stimulate VB cord-275433-58unu79x 130 24 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 130 25 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 131 1 A a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 131 2 related related JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 131 3 possibility possibility NN cord-275433-58unu79x 131 4 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 131 5 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 131 6 exposure exposure NN cord-275433-58unu79x 131 7 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 131 8 certain certain JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 131 9 epitopes epitope NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 131 10 at at IN cord-275433-58unu79x 131 11 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 131 12 surface surface NN cord-275433-58unu79x 131 13 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 131 14 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 131 15 microorganism microorganism NN cord-275433-58unu79x 131 16 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 131 17 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 131 18 involved involve VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 131 19 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 131 20 microbial microbial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 131 21 targeting target VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 131 22 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 131 23 autophagosomes autophagosomes NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 131 24 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 132 1 For for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 132 2 example example NN cord-275433-58unu79x 132 3 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 132 4 exposure exposure NN cord-275433-58unu79x 132 5 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 132 6 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 132 7 Shigella Shigella NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 132 8 epitope epitope NN cord-275433-58unu79x 132 9 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 132 10 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 132 11 normally normally RB cord-275433-58unu79x 132 12 unexposed unexposed JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 132 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 132 14 due due IN cord-275433-58unu79x 132 15 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 132 16 masking mask VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 132 17 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 132 18 another another DT cord-275433-58unu79x 132 19 Shigella Shigella NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 132 20 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 132 21 encoded encode VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 132 22 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 132 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 132 24 leads lead VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 132 25 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 132 26 autophagic autophagic VB cord-275433-58unu79x 132 27 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 132 28 capture capture NN cord-275433-58unu79x 132 29 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 132 30 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 132 31 infected infect VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 132 32 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 132 33 mutants mutant NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 132 34 lacking lack VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 132 35 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 132 36 epitope epitope NN cord-275433-58unu79x 132 37 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 132 38 masking mask VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 132 39 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 132 40 43 43 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 132 41 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 133 1 Another another DT cord-275433-58unu79x 133 2 possible possible JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 133 3 signal signal NN cord-275433-58unu79x 133 4 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 133 5 links link VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 133 6 microbial microbial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 133 7 presence presence NN cord-275433-58unu79x 133 8 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 133 9 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 133 10 could could MD cord-275433-58unu79x 133 11 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 133 12 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 133 13 generation generation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 133 14 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 133 15 reactive reactive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 133 16 oxygen oxygen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 133 17 intermediates intermediate NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 133 18 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 133 19 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 133 20 these these DT cord-275433-58unu79x 133 21 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 133 22 often often RB cord-275433-58unu79x 133 23 associated associate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 133 24 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 133 25 pathogen pathogen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 133 26 recognition recognition NN cord-275433-58unu79x 133 27 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 133 28 host host NN cord-275433-58unu79x 133 29 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 133 30 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 133 31 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 133 32 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 133 33 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 133 34 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 133 35 induce induce VB cord-275433-58unu79x 133 36 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 133 37 53 53 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 133 38 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 133 39 54 54 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 133 40 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 134 1 Future future JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 134 2 research research NN cord-275433-58unu79x 134 3 into into IN cord-275433-58unu79x 134 4 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 134 5 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 134 6 underlying underlie VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 134 7 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 134 8 induction induction NN cord-275433-58unu79x 134 9 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 134 10 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 134 11 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 134 12 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 134 13 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 134 14 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-275433-58unu79x 134 15 targeting targeting NN cord-275433-58unu79x 134 16 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 134 17 autophagosomes autophagosomes NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 134 18 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 134 19 likely likely JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 134 20 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 134 21 only only RB cord-275433-58unu79x 134 22 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 134 23 uncover uncover VB cord-275433-58unu79x 134 24 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 134 25 specifics specific NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 134 26 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 134 27 how how WRB cord-275433-58unu79x 134 28 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 134 29 autophagic autophagic NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 134 30 machinery machinery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 134 31 recognizes recognize VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 134 32 foreign foreign JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 134 33 material material NN cord-275433-58unu79x 134 34 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 134 35 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 134 36 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-275433-58unu79x 134 37 but but CC cord-275433-58unu79x 134 38 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 134 39 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 134 40 shed shed VB cord-275433-58unu79x 134 41 light light NN cord-275433-58unu79x 134 42 on on IN cord-275433-58unu79x 134 43 how how WRB cord-275433-58unu79x 134 44 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 134 45 autophagic autophagic NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 134 46 machinery machinery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 134 47 detects detect VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 134 48 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 134 49 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 134 50 's 's POS cord-275433-58unu79x 134 51 own own JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 134 52 damaged damage VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 134 53 organelles organelle NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 134 54 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 134 55 aggregated aggregate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 134 56 proteins protein NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 134 57 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 134 58 other other JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 134 59 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 134 60 targets target NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 134 61 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 134 62 lysosomal lysosomal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 134 63 degradation degradation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 134 64 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 135 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 135 2 sequestration sequestration NN cord-275433-58unu79x 135 3 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 135 4 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 135 5 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 135 6 during during IN cord-275433-58unu79x 135 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 135 8 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 135 9 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 135 10 limited limit VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 135 11 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 135 12 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 135 13 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 135 14 parasites parasite NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 135 15 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 136 1 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 136 2 can can MD cord-275433-58unu79x 136 3 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 136 4 capture capture VB cord-275433-58unu79x 136 5 virions virion NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 136 6 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 136 7 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 136 8 newly newly RB cord-275433-58unu79x 136 9 assembled assemble VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 136 10 inside inside IN cord-275433-58unu79x 136 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-275433-58unu79x 136 12 host host NN cord-275433-58unu79x 136 13 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 136 14 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 137 1 In in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 137 2 neurons neuron NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 137 3 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 137 4 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 137 5 infected infect VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 137 6 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 137 7 herpes herpes NN cord-275433-58unu79x 137 8 simplex simplex NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 137 9 virus virus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 137 10 -a -a : cord-275433-58unu79x 137 11 DNA dna NN cord-275433-58unu79x 137 12 virus virus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 137 13 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 137 14 replicates replicate VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 137 15 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 137 16 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 137 17 nucleus nucleus JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 137 18 -viral -viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 137 19 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 137 20 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 137 21 engulfed engulf VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 137 22 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 137 23 autophagosomes autophagosome NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 137 24 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 137 25 they -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 137 26 egress egress VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 137 27 out out IN cord-275433-58unu79x 137 28 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 137 29 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 137 30 nucleus nucleus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 137 31 into into IN cord-275433-58unu79x 137 32 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 137 33 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-275433-58unu79x 137 34 55 55 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 138 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 138 2 FIG FIG NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 138 3 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 138 4 3 3 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 138 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 138 6 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 139 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 139 2 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 139 3 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 139 4 yet yet RB cord-275433-58unu79x 139 5 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 139 6 whether whether IN cord-275433-58unu79x 139 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 139 8 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 139 9 targets target VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 139 10 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 139 11 during during IN cord-275433-58unu79x 139 12 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 139 13 entry entry NN cord-275433-58unu79x 139 14 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 139 15 but but CC cord-275433-58unu79x 139 16 this this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 139 17 seems seem VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 139 18 probable probable JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 139 19 based base VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 139 20 on on IN cord-275433-58unu79x 139 21 extrapolations extrapolation NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 139 22 from from IN cord-275433-58unu79x 139 23 findings finding NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 139 24 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 139 25 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 139 26 systems system NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 139 27 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 140 1 If if IN cord-275433-58unu79x 140 2 true true JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 140 3 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 140 4 this this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 140 5 could could MD cord-275433-58unu79x 140 6 explain explain VB cord-275433-58unu79x 140 7 why why WRB cord-275433-58unu79x 140 8 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 140 9 ratio ratio NN cord-275433-58unu79x 140 10 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 140 11 virus virus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 140 12 particles particle NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 140 13 per per IN cord-275433-58unu79x 140 14 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 140 15 often often RB cord-275433-58unu79x 140 16 needs need VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 140 17 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 140 18 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 140 19 very very RB cord-275433-58unu79x 140 20 high high JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 140 21 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 140 22 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 140 23 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 140 24 become become VB cord-275433-58unu79x 140 25 productively productively RB cord-275433-58unu79x 140 26 infected infect VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 140 27 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 140 28 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 140 29 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 141 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 141 2 possibilities possibility NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 141 3 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 141 4 how how WRB cord-275433-58unu79x 141 5 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 141 6 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 141 7 targeted target VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 141 8 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 141 9 autophagosomes autophagosome NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 141 10 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 141 11 conceptually conceptually RB cord-275433-58unu79x 141 12 similar similar JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 141 13 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 141 14 those those DT cord-275433-58unu79x 141 15 discussed discuss VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 141 16 previously previously RB cord-275433-58unu79x 141 17 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 141 18 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 141 19 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 141 20 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 141 21 general general JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 141 22 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 142 1 However however RB cord-275433-58unu79x 142 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 142 3 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 142 4 specific specific JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 142 5 molecules molecule NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 142 6 involved involve VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 142 7 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 142 8 likely likely JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 142 9 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 142 10 differ differ VB cord-275433-58unu79x 142 11 given give VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 142 12 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 142 13 unique unique JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 142 14 pathogen pathogen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 142 15 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 142 16 specific specific JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 142 17 receptors receptor NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 142 18 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 142 19 PAMPs pamp NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 142 20 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 142 21 recognize recognize VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 142 22 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 142 23 versus versus IN cord-275433-58unu79x 142 24 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 142 25 components component NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 142 26 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 143 1 Similar similar JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 143 2 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 143 3 studies study NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 143 4 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 143 5 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 143 6 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 143 7 several several JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 143 8 investigators investigator NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 143 9 have have VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 143 10 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 143 11 proposed propose VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 143 12 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 143 13 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 143 14 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 143 15 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 143 16 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 143 17 ' ' `` cord-275433-58unu79x 143 18 virus virus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 143 19 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 143 20 friendly friendly JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 143 21 ' ' '' cord-275433-58unu79x 143 22 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 143 23 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 143 24 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 143 25 it -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 143 26 can can MD cord-275433-58unu79x 143 27 provide provide VB cord-275433-58unu79x 143 28 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 143 29 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 143 30 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 143 31 source source NN cord-275433-58unu79x 143 32 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 143 33 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 143 34 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 143 35 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 143 36 serves serve VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 143 37 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 143 38 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 143 39 scaffold scaffold NN cord-275433-58unu79x 143 40 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 143 41 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 143 42 RNA RNA NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 143 43 replication replication NN cord-275433-58unu79x 143 44 complexes complex NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 143 45 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 143 46 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 143 47 event event NN cord-275433-58unu79x 143 48 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 143 49 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 143 50 necessary necessary JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 143 51 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 143 52 efficient efficient JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 143 53 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 143 54 replication replication NN cord-275433-58unu79x 143 55 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 143 56 certain certain JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 143 57 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 143 58 37 37 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 143 59 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 144 1 So so RB cord-275433-58unu79x 144 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 144 3 similar similar JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 144 4 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 144 5 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 144 6 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 144 7 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 144 8 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 144 9 have have VB cord-275433-58unu79x 144 10 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 144 11 found find VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 144 12 ways way NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 144 13 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 144 14 harness harness VB cord-275433-58unu79x 144 15 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 144 16 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 144 17 machinery machinery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 144 18 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 144 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-275433-58unu79x 144 20 own own JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 144 21 replicative replicative JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 144 22 benefit benefit NN cord-275433-58unu79x 144 23 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 145 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 145 2 best well RBS cord-275433-58unu79x 145 3 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 145 4 studied study VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 145 5 examples example NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 145 6 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 145 7 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 145 8 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 145 9 picornavirus picornavirus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 145 10 poliovirus poliovirus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 145 11 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 145 12 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 145 13 murine murine JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 145 14 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 145 15 mouse mouse NN cord-275433-58unu79x 145 16 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 145 17 virus virus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 145 18 56 56 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 145 19 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 145 20 57 57 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 145 21 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 146 1 In in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 146 2 infections infection NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 146 3 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 146 4 either either DT cord-275433-58unu79x 146 5 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 146 6 these these DT cord-275433-58unu79x 146 7 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 146 8 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 146 9 knockdown knockdown NN cord-275433-58unu79x 146 10 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 146 11 expression expression NN cord-275433-58unu79x 146 12 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 146 13 autophagyrelated autophagyrelated JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 146 14 genes gene NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 146 15 reduces reduce VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 146 16 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 146 17 yields yield NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 146 18 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 147 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-275433-58unu79x 147 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 147 3 however however RB cord-275433-58unu79x 147 4 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 147 5 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 147 6 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 147 7 melanogaster melanogaster NN cord-275433-58unu79x 147 8 picornavirus picornavirus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 147 9 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 147 10 replicates replicate VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 147 11 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 147 12 association association NN cord-275433-58unu79x 147 13 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 147 14 double double JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 147 15 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 147 16 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 147 17 vacuoles vacuole NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 147 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 147 19 which which WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 147 20 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 147 21 morphologically morphologically RB cord-275433-58unu79x 147 22 similar similar JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 147 23 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 147 24 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 147 25 ' ' `` cord-275433-58unu79x 147 26 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 147 27 - - : cord-275433-58unu79x 147 28 like like JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 147 29 ' ' `` cord-275433-58unu79x 147 30 double double JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 147 31 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 147 32 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 147 33 vacuoles vacuole NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 147 34 associated associate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 147 35 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 147 36 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 147 37 picornavirus picornavirus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 147 38 replication replication NN cord-275433-58unu79x 147 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 148 1 but but CC cord-275433-58unu79x 148 2 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 148 3 genes gene NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 148 4 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 148 5 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 148 6 required require VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 148 7 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 148 8 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-275433-58unu79x 148 9 normal normal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 148 10 replication replication NN cord-275433-58unu79x 148 11 58 58 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 148 12 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 149 1 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 149 2 suggests suggest VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 149 3 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 149 4 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 149 5 requirement requirement NN cord-275433-58unu79x 149 6 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 149 7 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 149 8 autophagic autophagic NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 149 9 machinery machinery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 149 10 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 149 11 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 149 12 generation generation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 149 13 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 149 14 double double JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 149 15 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 149 16 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 149 17 vacuoles vacuole NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 149 18 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 149 19 support support VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 149 20 picornavirus picornavirus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 149 21 replication replication NN cord-275433-58unu79x 149 22 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 149 23 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 149 24 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 149 25 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 149 26 type type NN cord-275433-58unu79x 149 27 specific specific JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 149 28 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 149 29 restricted restrict VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 149 30 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 149 31 certain certain JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 149 32 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 149 33 hosts host NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 149 34 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 150 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-275433-58unu79x 150 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 150 3 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 150 4 replication replication NN cord-275433-58unu79x 150 5 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 150 6 vaccinia vaccinia NN cord-275433-58unu79x 150 7 virus virus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 150 8 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 150 9 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 150 10 DNA dna NN cord-275433-58unu79x 150 11 virus virus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 150 12 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 150 13 replicates replicate VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 150 14 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 150 15 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 150 16 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-275433-58unu79x 150 17 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 150 18 association association NN cord-275433-58unu79x 150 19 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 150 20 double double JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 150 21 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 150 22 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 150 23 vacuoles vacuole NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 150 24 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 150 25 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 150 26 does do VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 150 27 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 150 28 require require VB cord-275433-58unu79x 150 29 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 150 30 autophagic autophagic NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 150 31 machinery machinery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 150 32 59 59 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 150 33 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 151 1 So so RB cord-275433-58unu79x 151 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 151 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 151 4 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 151 5 unclear unclear JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 151 6 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 151 7 what what WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 151 8 extent extent NN cord-275433-58unu79x 151 9 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 151 10 exploit exploit VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 151 11 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 151 12 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 151 13 machinery machinery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 151 14 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 151 15 obtain obtain VB cord-275433-58unu79x 151 16 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 151 17 anchors anchor NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 151 18 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 151 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-275433-58unu79x 151 20 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 151 21 replication replication NN cord-275433-58unu79x 151 22 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 152 1 even even RB cord-275433-58unu79x 152 2 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 152 3 circumstances circumstance NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 152 4 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 152 5 which which WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 152 6 components component NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 152 7 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 152 8 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 152 9 autophagic autophagic NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 152 10 machinery machinery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 152 11 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 152 12 necessary necessary JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 152 13 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 152 14 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 152 15 replication replication NN cord-275433-58unu79x 152 16 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 152 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 152 18 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 152 19 unknown unknown JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 152 20 whether whether IN cord-275433-58unu79x 152 21 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 152 22 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 152 23 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 152 24 truly truly RB cord-275433-58unu79x 152 25 subverting subvert VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 152 26 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 152 27 host host NN cord-275433-58unu79x 152 28 autophagic autophagic NN cord-275433-58unu79x 152 29 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 152 30 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 152 31 merely merely RB cord-275433-58unu79x 152 32 using use VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 152 33 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 152 34 partially partially RB cord-275433-58unu79x 152 35 overlapping overlap VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 152 36 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 152 37 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 152 38 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 152 39 involved involve VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 152 40 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 152 41 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 152 42 trafficking trafficking NN cord-275433-58unu79x 152 43 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 152 44 rearrangement rearrangement NN cord-275433-58unu79x 152 45 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 153 1 Although although IN cord-275433-58unu79x 153 2 there there EX cord-275433-58unu79x 153 3 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 153 4 perhaps perhaps RB cord-275433-58unu79x 153 5 less less RBR cord-275433-58unu79x 153 6 direct direct JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 153 7 in in FW cord-275433-58unu79x 153 8 vitro vitro FW cord-275433-58unu79x 153 9 evidence evidence NN cord-275433-58unu79x 153 10 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 153 11 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 153 12 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 153 13 compared compare VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 153 14 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 153 15 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 153 16 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 153 17 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 153 18 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 153 19 functions function NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 153 20 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 153 21 pathogen pathogen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 153 22 elimination elimination NN cord-275433-58unu79x 153 23 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 153 24 studies study NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 153 25 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 153 26 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 153 27 have have VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 153 28 provided provide VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 153 29 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 153 30 first first JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 153 31 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 153 32 vivo vivo NN cord-275433-58unu79x 153 33 evidence evidence NN cord-275433-58unu79x 153 34 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 153 35 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 153 36 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 153 37 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 153 38 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 153 39 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 153 40 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 153 41 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 154 1 In in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 154 2 two two CD cord-275433-58unu79x 154 3 different different JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 154 4 phylogenetic phylogenetic NN cord-275433-58unu79x 154 5 kingdoms kingdom NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 154 6 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 154 7 genetic genetic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 154 8 manipulation manipulation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 154 9 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 154 10 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 154 11 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 154 12 related relate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 154 13 genes gene NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 154 14 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 154 15 been be VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 154 16 shown show VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 154 17 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 154 18 have have VB cord-275433-58unu79x 154 19 striking strike VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 154 20 effects effect NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 154 21 on on IN cord-275433-58unu79x 154 22 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 154 23 diseases disease NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 154 24 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 155 1 In in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 155 2 plants plant NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 155 3 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 155 4 RNAi RNAi NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 155 5 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 155 6 mediated mediate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 155 7 silencing silencing NN cord-275433-58unu79x 155 8 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 155 9 several several JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 155 10 different different JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 155 11 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 155 12 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 155 13 related relate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 155 14 genes gene NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 155 15 increases increase VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 155 16 local local JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 155 17 replication replication NN cord-275433-58unu79x 155 18 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 155 19 tobacco tobacco NN cord-275433-58unu79x 155 20 mosaic mosaic NN cord-275433-58unu79x 155 21 virus virus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 155 22 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 155 23 results result NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 155 24 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 155 25 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 155 26 uncontrolled uncontrolled JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 155 27 spread spread NN cord-275433-58unu79x 155 28 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 155 29 programmed programmed JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 155 30 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 155 31 death death NN cord-275433-58unu79x 155 32 beyond beyond IN cord-275433-58unu79x 155 33 infected infected JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 155 34 plant plant NN cord-275433-58unu79x 155 35 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 155 36 60 60 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 155 37 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 156 1 In in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 156 2 mice mouse NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 156 3 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 156 4 enforced enforce VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 156 5 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 156 6 expression expression NN cord-275433-58unu79x 156 7 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 156 8 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 156 9 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 156 10 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 156 11 associated associate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 156 12 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 156 13 beclin beclin NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 156 14 1 1 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 156 15 reduces reduce VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 156 16 alphavirus alphavirus NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 156 17 replication replication NN cord-275433-58unu79x 156 18 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 156 19 alphavirus alphavirus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 156 20 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 156 21 induced induce VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 156 22 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 156 23 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 156 24 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 156 25 protects protect VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 156 26 mice mouse NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 156 27 from from IN cord-275433-58unu79x 156 28 lethal lethal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 156 29 virus virus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 156 30 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 156 31 induced induce VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 156 32 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 156 33 61 61 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 156 34 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 157 1 Together together RB cord-275433-58unu79x 157 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 157 3 these these DT cord-275433-58unu79x 157 4 studies study NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 157 5 suggest suggest VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 157 6 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 157 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 157 8 functions function NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 157 9 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 157 10 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 157 11 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 157 12 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 157 13 vivo vivo NN cord-275433-58unu79x 157 14 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 157 15 only only RB cord-275433-58unu79x 157 16 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 157 17 restricting restrict VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 157 18 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 157 19 replication replication NN cord-275433-58unu79x 157 20 but but CC cord-275433-58unu79x 157 21 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 157 22 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 157 23 restricting restrict VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 157 24 pathogen pathogen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 157 25 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 157 26 induced induce VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 157 27 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 157 28 death death NN cord-275433-58unu79x 157 29 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 158 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 158 2 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 158 3 underlying underlie VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 158 4 these these DT cord-275433-58unu79x 158 5 protective protective JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 158 6 functions function NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 158 7 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 158 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 158 9 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 158 10 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 158 11 yet yet RB cord-275433-58unu79x 158 12 defined define VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 158 13 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 159 1 In in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 2 principle principle NN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 3 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 159 4 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 5 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 159 6 function function VB cord-275433-58unu79x 159 7 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 8 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 159 9 direct direct JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 159 10 elimination elimination NN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 11 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 12 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 159 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 159 14 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 15 shown show VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 16 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 17 vitro vitro FW cord-275433-58unu79x 159 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 159 19 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 159 20 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 21 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 159 22 breakdown breakdown NN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 23 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 24 host host NN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 25 factors factor NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 159 26 required require VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 27 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 28 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 159 29 replication replication NN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 30 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 159 31 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 159 32 inhibition inhibition NN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 33 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 34 innate innate JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 159 35 immune immune JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 159 36 signalling signalling NN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 37 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 159 38 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 159 39 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 40 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 159 41 promotion promotion NN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 42 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 43 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 44 survival survival NN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 45 either either CC cord-275433-58unu79x 159 46 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 47 maintaining maintain VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 159 48 bioenergetics bioenergetic NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 159 49 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 50 virally virally RB cord-275433-58unu79x 159 51 infected infect VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 52 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 159 53 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 159 54 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 55 removing remove VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 159 56 toxic toxic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 159 57 self self NN cord-275433-58unu79x 159 58 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 159 59 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 159 60 components component NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 159 61 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 160 1 As as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 160 2 discussed discuss VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 160 3 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 160 4 more more JJR cord-275433-58unu79x 160 5 detail detail NN cord-275433-58unu79x 160 6 later later RB cord-275433-58unu79x 160 7 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 160 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 160 9 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 160 10 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 160 11 promote promote VB cord-275433-58unu79x 160 12 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 160 13 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 160 14 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 160 15 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 160 16 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 160 17 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 160 18 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 160 19 certain certain JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 160 20 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 160 21 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 160 22 through through IN cord-275433-58unu79x 160 23 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 160 24 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 160 25 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 160 26 II II NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 160 27 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 160 28 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 161 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-275433-58unu79x 161 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 161 3 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 161 4 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 161 5 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 161 6 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 161 7 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 161 8 Peptidome Peptidome NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 162 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 162 2 repertoire repertoire NN cord-275433-58unu79x 162 3 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 162 4 peptides peptide NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 162 5 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 162 6 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 162 7 presented present VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 162 8 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 162 9 antigenpresenting antigenpresente VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 162 10 molecules molecule NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 162 11 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 163 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 163 2 process process NN cord-275433-58unu79x 163 3 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 163 4 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 163 5 thymus thymus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 163 6 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 163 7 selects select VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 163 8 thymocytes thymocyte NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 163 9 expressing express VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 163 10 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 163 11 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 163 12 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 163 13 receptors receptor NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 163 14 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 163 15 have have VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 163 16 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 163 17 ability ability NN cord-275433-58unu79x 163 18 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 163 19 interact interact VB cord-275433-58unu79x 163 20 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 163 21 self self NN cord-275433-58unu79x 163 22 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 163 23 molecules molecule NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 163 24 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 164 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 164 2 process process NN cord-275433-58unu79x 164 3 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 164 4 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 164 5 thymus thymus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 164 6 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 164 7 eliminates eliminate VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 164 8 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 164 9 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 164 10 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 164 11 express express VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 164 12 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 164 13 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 164 14 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 164 15 receptors receptor NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 164 16 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 164 17 high high JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 164 18 affinity affinity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 164 19 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 164 20 self self NN cord-275433-58unu79x 164 21 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 164 22 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 165 1 innate innate JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 165 2 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 165 3 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 165 4 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 165 5 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 165 6 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 165 7 confined confine VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 165 8 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 165 9 direct direct JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 165 10 pathogen pathogen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 165 11 elimination elimination NN cord-275433-58unu79x 165 12 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 166 1 Lee Lee NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 166 2 et et NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 166 3 al al NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 166 4 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 167 1 recently recently RB cord-275433-58unu79x 167 2 found find VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 167 3 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 167 4 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 167 5 autophagic autophagic NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 167 6 machinery machinery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 167 7 can can MD cord-275433-58unu79x 167 8 deliver deliver VB cord-275433-58unu79x 167 9 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 167 10 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 167 11 acids acid NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 167 12 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 167 13 endosomal endosomal NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 167 14 TLRs TLRs NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 167 15 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 167 16 plasmacytoid plasmacytoid NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 167 17 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 167 18 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 167 19 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 167 20 vitro vitro FW cord-275433-58unu79x 167 21 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 167 22 resulting result VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 167 23 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 167 24 type type NN cord-275433-58unu79x 168 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 168 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 168 3 production production NN cord-275433-58unu79x 168 4 12 12 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 168 5 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 169 1 Perhaps perhaps RB cord-275433-58unu79x 169 2 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 169 3 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 169 4 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 169 5 similar similar JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 169 6 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 169 7 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 169 8 type type NN cord-275433-58unu79x 170 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 170 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 170 3 production production NN cord-275433-58unu79x 170 4 during during IN cord-275433-58unu79x 170 5 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 170 6 infections infection NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 170 7 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 170 8 vivo vivo NN cord-275433-58unu79x 170 9 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 170 10 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 170 11 other other JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 170 12 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 170 13 types type NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 170 14 infected infect VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 170 15 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 170 16 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 170 17 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 171 1 Another another DT cord-275433-58unu79x 171 2 major major JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 171 3 line line NN cord-275433-58unu79x 171 4 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 171 5 evidence evidence NN cord-275433-58unu79x 171 6 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 171 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 171 8 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 171 9 important important JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 171 10 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 171 11 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 171 12 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 171 13 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 171 14 vivo vivo NN cord-275433-58unu79x 171 15 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 171 16 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 171 17 recent recent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 171 18 discovery discovery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 171 19 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 171 20 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 171 21 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 171 22 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 171 23 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 171 24 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 171 25 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 171 26 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 171 27 need need VB cord-275433-58unu79x 171 28 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 171 29 successfully successfully RB cord-275433-58unu79x 171 30 counter counter VB cord-275433-58unu79x 171 31 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 171 32 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 172 1 An an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 172 2 essential essential JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 172 3 herpes herpes NN cord-275433-58unu79x 172 4 simplex simplex NN cord-275433-58unu79x 172 5 virus virus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 172 6 neurovirulence neurovirulence NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 172 7 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 172 8 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 172 9 ICP34.5 ICP34.5 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 172 10 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 172 11 confers confer VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 172 12 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 172 13 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 172 14 binding bind VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 172 15 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 172 16 beclin beclin NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 172 17 1 1 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 172 18 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 172 19 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 172 20 antagonizing antagonize VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 172 21 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 172 22 host host NN cord-275433-58unu79x 172 23 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 172 24 response response NN cord-275433-58unu79x 172 25 62 62 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 172 26 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 173 1 Although although IN cord-275433-58unu79x 173 2 this this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 173 3 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 173 4 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 173 5 first first JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 173 6 example example NN cord-275433-58unu79x 173 7 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 173 8 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 173 9 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 173 10 virulence virulence NN cord-275433-58unu79x 173 11 factor factor NN cord-275433-58unu79x 173 12 directly directly RB cord-275433-58unu79x 173 13 targeting target VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 173 14 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 173 15 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 173 16 machinery machinery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 173 17 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 173 18 elicit elicit VB cord-275433-58unu79x 173 19 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 173 20 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 173 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 173 22 seems seem VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 173 23 probable probable JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 173 24 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 173 25 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 173 26 evasion evasion NN cord-275433-58unu79x 173 27 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 173 28 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 173 29 will will MD cord-275433-58unu79x 173 30 prove prove VB cord-275433-58unu79x 173 31 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 173 32 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 173 33 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 173 34 more more RBR cord-275433-58unu79x 173 35 general general JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 173 36 strategy strategy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 173 37 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 173 38 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 173 39 use use VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 173 40 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 173 41 evade evade VB cord-275433-58unu79x 173 42 host host NN cord-275433-58unu79x 173 43 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 173 44 defence defence NN cord-275433-58unu79x 173 45 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 174 1 Other other JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 174 2 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 174 3 encode encode VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 174 4 proteins protein NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 174 5 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 174 6 inhibit inhibit VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 174 7 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 174 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 174 9 function function NN cord-275433-58unu79x 174 10 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 174 11 beclin beclin NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 174 12 1 1 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 174 13 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 174 14 including include VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 174 15 bCL-2-like bcl-2-like NN cord-275433-58unu79x 174 16 proteins protein NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 174 17 encoded encode VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 174 18 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 174 19 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 174 20 oncogenic oncogenic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 174 21 gammaherpesviruses gammaherpesviruse NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 174 22 28 28 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 174 23 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 175 1 In in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 175 2 addition addition NN cord-275433-58unu79x 175 3 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 175 4 numerous numerous JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 175 5 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 175 6 inhibit inhibit VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 175 7 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 175 8 PKR PKR NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 175 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 175 10 IFN IFN NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 175 11 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 175 12 inducible inducible JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 175 13 doublestranded doublestranded NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 175 14 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 175 15 RNA rna NN cord-275433-58unu79x 175 16 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 175 17 dependent dependent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 175 18 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 175 19 kinase kinase NN cord-275433-58unu79x 175 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 175 21 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 175 22 signalling signal VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 175 23 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 175 24 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 175 25 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 175 26 required require VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 175 27 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 175 28 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 175 29 induction induction NN cord-275433-58unu79x 175 30 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 175 31 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 175 32 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 175 33 virally virally RB cord-275433-58unu79x 175 34 infected infect VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 175 35 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 175 36 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 175 37 activate activate VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 175 38 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 175 39 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 175 40 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 175 41 inhibitory inhibitory JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 175 42 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 175 43 I i NN cord-275433-58unu79x 175 44 PI3K PI3K NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 175 45 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 175 46 AKT AKT NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 175 47 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 175 48 mTOR mTOR NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 175 49 signalling signal VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 175 50 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 175 51 63 63 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 175 52 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 176 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 176 2 multiplicity multiplicity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 176 3 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 176 4 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 176 5 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 176 6 diverse diverse JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 176 7 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 176 8 have have VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 176 9 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 176 10 turn turn VB cord-275433-58unu79x 176 11 off off RP cord-275433-58unu79x 176 12 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 176 13 highlights highlight VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 176 14 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 176 15 probable probable JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 176 16 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 176 17 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 176 18 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 176 19 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 176 20 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 176 21 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 176 22 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 176 23 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 177 1 Recent recent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 177 2 evidence evidence NN cord-275433-58unu79x 177 3 indicates indicate VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 177 4 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 177 5 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 177 6 functions function NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 177 7 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 177 8 delivering deliver VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 177 9 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 177 10 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 177 11 acids acid NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 177 12 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 177 13 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 177 14 innate innate JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 177 15 immune immune JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 177 16 system system NN cord-275433-58unu79x 177 17 12 12 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 177 18 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 178 1 A a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 178 2 subset subset NN cord-275433-58unu79x 178 3 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 178 4 receptors receptor NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 178 5 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 178 6 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 178 7 TLR TLR NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 178 8 family family NN cord-275433-58unu79x 178 9 sense sense NN cord-275433-58unu79x 178 10 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 178 11 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 178 12 acids acid NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 178 13 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 178 14 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 178 15 lumen lumen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 178 16 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 178 17 endosomes endosome NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 178 18 64 64 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 178 19 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 179 1 However however RB cord-275433-58unu79x 179 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 179 3 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 179 4 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 179 5 acids acid NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 179 6 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 179 7 most most RBS cord-275433-58unu79x 179 8 often often RB cord-275433-58unu79x 179 9 released release VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 179 10 directly directly RB cord-275433-58unu79x 179 11 into into IN cord-275433-58unu79x 179 12 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 179 13 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-275433-58unu79x 179 14 after after IN cord-275433-58unu79x 179 15 fusion fusion NN cord-275433-58unu79x 179 16 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 179 17 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 179 18 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 179 19 envelope envelope NN cord-275433-58unu79x 179 20 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 179 21 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 179 22 endosomal endosomal NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 179 23 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 179 24 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 179 25 penetration penetration NN cord-275433-58unu79x 179 26 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 179 27 cellular cellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 179 28 membranes membrane NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 179 29 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 179 30 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 179 31 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 179 32 capsid capsid NN cord-275433-58unu79x 179 33 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 180 1 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 180 2 poses pose VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 180 3 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 180 4 topological topological JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 180 5 challenge challenge NN cord-275433-58unu79x 180 6 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 180 7 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 180 8 efficient efficient JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 180 9 detection detection NN cord-275433-58unu79x 180 10 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 180 11 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 180 12 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 180 13 acids acid NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 180 14 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 180 15 endosomal endosomal NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 180 16 TLRs TLRs NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 180 17 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 181 1 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 181 2 challenge challenge NN cord-275433-58unu79x 181 3 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 181 4 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 181 5 met meet VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 181 6 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 181 7 at at IN cord-275433-58unu79x 181 8 least least JJS cord-275433-58unu79x 181 9 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 181 10 part part NN cord-275433-58unu79x 181 11 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 181 12 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 181 13 using use VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 181 14 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 181 15 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 181 16 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 181 17 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 181 18 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 181 19 delivery delivery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 181 20 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 181 21 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 181 22 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 181 23 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 181 24 acids acid NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 181 25 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 181 26 endosomal endosomal NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 181 27 TLRs TLRs NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 181 28 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 181 29 which which WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 181 30 would would MD cord-275433-58unu79x 181 31 then then RB cord-275433-58unu79x 181 32 lead lead VB cord-275433-58unu79x 181 33 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 181 34 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 181 35 induction induction NN cord-275433-58unu79x 181 36 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 181 37 type type NN cord-275433-58unu79x 181 38 - - : cord-275433-58unu79x 181 39 I i NN cord-275433-58unu79x 181 40 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 181 41 IFN IFN NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 181 42 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 181 43 dependent dependent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 181 44 innate innate JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 181 45 immune immune JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 181 46 responses response NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 181 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 181 48 FIG fig NN cord-275433-58unu79x 181 49 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 181 50 4 4 LS cord-275433-58unu79x 181 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 182 1 So so RB cord-275433-58unu79x 182 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 182 3 similar similar JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 182 4 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 182 5 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 182 6 use use NN cord-275433-58unu79x 182 7 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 182 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 182 9 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 182 10 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 182 11 antigen antigen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 182 12 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 182 13 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 182 14 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 182 15 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 182 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 182 17 described describe VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 182 18 later later RB cord-275433-58unu79x 182 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 182 20 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 182 21 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 182 22 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 182 23 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 182 24 used use VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 182 25 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 182 26 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 182 27 delivery delivery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 182 28 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 182 29 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 182 30 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 182 31 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 182 32 acids acid NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 182 33 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 182 34 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-275433-58unu79x 182 35 cognate cognate JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 182 36 innate innate JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 182 37 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 182 38 detectors detector NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 182 39 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 183 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 183 2 precise precise JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 183 3 details detail NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 183 4 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 183 5 how how WRB cord-275433-58unu79x 183 6 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 183 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 183 8 machinery machinery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 183 9 senses sense VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 183 10 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 183 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 183 12 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 183 13 targets target VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 183 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 183 15 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 183 16 endosomal endosomal NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 183 17 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 183 18 remain remain VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 183 19 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 183 20 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 183 21 elucidated elucidate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 183 22 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 184 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-275433-58unu79x 184 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 184 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 184 4 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 184 5 still still RB cord-275433-58unu79x 184 6 unclear unclear JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 184 7 how how WRB cord-275433-58unu79x 184 8 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 184 9 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 184 10 acids acid NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 184 11 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 184 12 DNA dna NN cord-275433-58unu79x 184 13 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 184 14 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 184 15 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 184 16 even even RB cord-275433-58unu79x 184 17 other other JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 184 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 184 19 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 184 20 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 184 21 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 184 22 targeted target VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 184 23 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 184 24 endosomal endosomal NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 184 25 TLRs TLRs NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 184 26 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 184 27 plasmacytoid plasmacytoid NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 184 28 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 184 29 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 184 30 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 184 31 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 184 32 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 184 33 replication replication NN cord-275433-58unu79x 184 34 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 184 35 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 184 36 required require VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 184 37 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 184 38 type type NN cord-275433-58unu79x 184 39 I -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 184 40 IFN IFN NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 184 41 production production NN cord-275433-58unu79x 184 42 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 184 43 plasmacytoid plasmacytoid NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 184 44 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 184 45 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 184 46 infected infect VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 184 47 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 184 48 herpesviruses herpesviruses FW cord-275433-58unu79x 184 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 184 50 DNA dna NN cord-275433-58unu79x 184 51 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 184 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 184 53 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 184 54 influenza influenza NN cord-275433-58unu79x 184 55 virus virus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 184 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 184 57 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 184 58 RNA RNA NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 184 59 virus virus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 184 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 185 1 12 12 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 185 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 185 3 65 65 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 185 4 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 186 1 Another another DT cord-275433-58unu79x 186 2 unexplored unexplored JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 186 3 question question NN cord-275433-58unu79x 186 4 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 186 5 whether whether IN cord-275433-58unu79x 186 6 there there EX cord-275433-58unu79x 186 7 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 186 8 any any DT cord-275433-58unu79x 186 9 molecular molecular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 186 10 interplay interplay NN cord-275433-58unu79x 186 11 between between IN cord-275433-58unu79x 186 12 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 186 13 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 186 14 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 186 15 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 186 16 type type NN cord-275433-58unu79x 187 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 187 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 187 3 signalling signal VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 187 4 mediated mediate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 187 5 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 187 6 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 187 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 187 8 helicases helicase NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 187 9 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 187 10 function function VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 187 11 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 187 12 receptors receptor NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 187 13 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 187 14 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 187 15 double double RB cord-275433-58unu79x 187 16 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 187 17 stranded strand VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 187 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 187 19 produced produce VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 187 20 during during IN cord-275433-58unu79x 187 21 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 187 22 infection infection NN cord-275433-58unu79x 187 23 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 188 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 188 2 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 188 3 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 188 4 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 188 5 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 188 6 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 188 7 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 188 8 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 188 9 limited limit VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 188 10 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 188 11 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 188 12 direct direct JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 188 13 elimination elimination NN cord-275433-58unu79x 188 14 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 188 15 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 188 16 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 188 17 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 188 18 stimulation stimulation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 188 19 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 188 20 type type NN cord-275433-58unu79x 188 21 I -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 188 22 IFN IFN NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 188 23 production production NN cord-275433-58unu79x 188 24 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 189 1 At at IN cord-275433-58unu79x 189 2 least least JJS cord-275433-58unu79x 189 3 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 189 4 certain certain JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 189 5 contexts context NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 189 6 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 189 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 189 8 promotes promote VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 189 9 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 189 10 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 189 11 II II NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 189 12 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 189 13 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 189 14 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 189 15 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 189 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 189 17 66 66 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 189 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 190 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 190 2 67 67 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 190 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 191 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 191 2 68 68 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 191 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 191 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 191 5 69 69 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 191 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 191 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 191 8 70 70 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 191 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 191 10 70 70 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 191 11 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 192 1 Together together RB cord-275433-58unu79x 192 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 192 3 these these DT cord-275433-58unu79x 192 4 initial initial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 192 5 studies study NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 192 6 led lead VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 192 7 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 192 8 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 192 9 generally generally RB cord-275433-58unu79x 192 10 accepted accept VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 192 11 idea idea NN cord-275433-58unu79x 192 12 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 192 13 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 192 14 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 192 15 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 192 16 allows allow VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 192 17 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 192 18 transfer transfer NN cord-275433-58unu79x 192 19 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 192 20 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 192 21 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 192 22 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 192 23 late late JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 192 24 endosomal endosomal NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 192 25 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 192 26 lysosomal lysosomal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 192 27 compartments compartment NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 192 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 192 29 FIG fig NN cord-275433-58unu79x 192 30 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 192 31 4 4 LS cord-275433-58unu79x 192 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 192 33 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 192 34 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 192 35 contrast contrast NN cord-275433-58unu79x 192 36 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 192 37 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 192 38 processing processing NN cord-275433-58unu79x 192 39 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 192 40 exogenous exogenous JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 192 41 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 192 42 captured capture VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 192 43 through through IN cord-275433-58unu79x 192 44 endocytosis endocytosis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 192 45 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 192 46 phagocytosis phagocytosis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 192 47 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 192 48 antigen antigen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 192 49 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 192 50 presenting present VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 192 51 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 192 52 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 193 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 193 2 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 193 3 delivery delivery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 193 4 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 193 5 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 193 6 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 193 7 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 193 8 endosomes endosome NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 193 9 and/or and/or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 193 10 lysosomes lysosome NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 193 11 represents represent VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 193 12 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 193 13 attractive attractive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 193 14 model model NN cord-275433-58unu79x 193 15 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 193 16 explaining explain VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 193 17 why why WRB cord-275433-58unu79x 193 18 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 193 19 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 193 20 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 193 21 II II NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 193 22 peptidome peptidome NN cord-275433-58unu79x 193 23 contains contain VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 193 24 many many JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 193 25 peptides peptide NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 193 26 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 193 27 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 193 28 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 193 29 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 193 30 origin origin NN cord-275433-58unu79x 193 31 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 193 32 can can MD cord-275433-58unu79x 193 33 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 193 34 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 193 35 delivered deliver VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 193 36 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 193 37 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 193 38 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 193 39 II II NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 193 40 compartments compartment NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 193 41 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 193 42 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 193 43 classical classical JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 193 44 exogenous exogenous JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 193 45 route route NN cord-275433-58unu79x 193 46 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 194 1 However however RB cord-275433-58unu79x 194 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 194 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 194 4 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 194 5 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 194 6 yet yet RB cord-275433-58unu79x 194 7 clear clear JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 194 8 how how WRB cord-275433-58unu79x 194 9 universal universal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 194 10 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 194 11 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 194 12 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 194 13 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 194 14 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 194 15 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 194 16 delivery delivery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 194 17 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 194 18 self self NN cord-275433-58unu79x 194 19 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 194 20 foreign foreign JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 194 21 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 194 22 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 194 23 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 194 24 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 194 25 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 195 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-275433-58unu79x 195 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 195 3 high high JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 195 4 levels level NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 195 5 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 195 6 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 195 7 activity activity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 195 8 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 195 9 observed observe VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 195 10 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 195 11 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 195 12 thymic thymic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 195 13 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 195 14 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 195 15 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 195 16 newborn newborn JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 195 17 mice mouse NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 195 18 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 195 19 transgenically transgenically RB cord-275433-58unu79x 195 20 express express VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 195 21 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 195 22 fluorescently fluorescently RB cord-275433-58unu79x 195 23 tagged tag VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 195 24 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 195 25 marker marker NN cord-275433-58unu79x 195 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 195 27 green green JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 195 28 fluorescent fluorescent NN cord-275433-58unu79x 195 29 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 195 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 195 31 GFP)-LC3 gfp)-lc3 JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 195 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 195 33 71 71 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 195 34 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 195 35 suggesting suggest VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 195 36 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 195 37 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 195 38 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 195 39 indeed indeed RB cord-275433-58unu79x 195 40 enable enable VB cord-275433-58unu79x 195 41 thymic thymic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 195 42 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 195 43 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 195 44 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 195 45 present present VB cord-275433-58unu79x 195 46 self self NN cord-275433-58unu79x 195 47 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 195 48 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 195 49 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 195 50 during during IN cord-275433-58unu79x 195 51 positive positive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 195 52 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 195 53 negative negative JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 195 54 selection selection NN cord-275433-58unu79x 195 55 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 196 1 Yet yet RB cord-275433-58unu79x 196 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 196 3 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 196 4 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 196 5 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 196 6 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 196 7 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 196 8 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 196 9 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 196 10 II II NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 196 11 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 196 12 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 196 13 self self NN cord-275433-58unu79x 196 14 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 196 15 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 196 16 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 196 17 yet yet RB cord-275433-58unu79x 196 18 been be VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 196 19 directly directly RB cord-275433-58unu79x 196 20 examined examine VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 196 21 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 197 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-275433-58unu79x 197 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 197 3 whereas whereas IN cord-275433-58unu79x 197 4 ebNA1 ebNA1 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 197 5 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 197 6 processed process VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 197 7 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 197 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 197 9 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 197 10 two two CD cord-275433-58unu79x 197 11 other other JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 197 12 epstein epstein NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 197 13 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 197 14 barr barr NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 197 15 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 197 16 virusencoded virusencode VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 197 17 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 197 18 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 197 19 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 197 20 ebNA2 ebNA2 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 197 21 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 197 22 ebNA3C ebNA3C NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 197 23 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 197 24 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 197 25 preferentially preferentially RB cord-275433-58unu79x 197 26 processed process VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 197 27 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 197 28 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 197 29 transfer transfer NN cord-275433-58unu79x 197 30 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 197 31 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 197 32 moieties moiety NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 197 33 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 197 34 endocytic endocytic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 197 35 uptake uptake NN cord-275433-58unu79x 197 36 from from IN cord-275433-58unu79x 197 37 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 197 38 culture culture NN cord-275433-58unu79x 197 39 media medium NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 197 40 72 72 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 197 41 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 197 42 indicating indicate VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 197 43 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 197 44 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 197 45 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 197 46 only only RB cord-275433-58unu79x 197 47 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 197 48 used use VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 197 49 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 197 50 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 197 51 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 197 52 II II NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 197 53 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 197 54 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 197 55 certain certain JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 197 56 endogenously endogenously RB cord-275433-58unu79x 197 57 produced produce VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 197 58 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 197 59 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 197 60 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 198 1 A a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 198 2 fascinating fascinating JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 198 3 question question NN cord-275433-58unu79x 198 4 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 198 5 why why WRB cord-275433-58unu79x 198 6 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 198 7 even even RB cord-275433-58unu79x 198 8 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 198 9 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 198 10 same same JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 198 11 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 198 12 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 198 13 some some DT cord-275433-58unu79x 198 14 microbial microbial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 198 15 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 198 16 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 198 17 but but CC cord-275433-58unu79x 198 18 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 198 19 others other NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 198 20 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 198 21 gain gain VB cord-275433-58unu79x 198 22 access access NN cord-275433-58unu79x 198 23 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 198 24 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 198 25 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 198 26 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 198 27 II II NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 198 28 antigen antigen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 198 29 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 198 30 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 198 31 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 198 32 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 198 33 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 198 34 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 199 1 As as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 199 2 some some DT cord-275433-58unu79x 199 3 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 199 4 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 199 5 earlier early JJR cord-275433-58unu79x 199 6 studies study NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 199 7 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 199 8 showed show VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 199 9 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 199 10 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 199 11 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 199 12 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 199 13 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 199 14 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 199 15 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 199 16 II II NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 199 17 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 199 18 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 199 19 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 199 20 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 199 21 were be VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 199 22 performed perform VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 199 23 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 199 24 conditions condition NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 199 25 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 199 26 which which WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 199 27 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 199 28 was be VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 199 29 upregulated upregulate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 199 30 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 199 31 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 199 32 starvation starvation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 199 33 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 199 34 another another DT cord-275433-58unu79x 199 35 important important JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 199 36 question question NN cord-275433-58unu79x 199 37 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 199 38 been be VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 199 39 whether whether IN cord-275433-58unu79x 199 40 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 199 41 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 199 42 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 199 43 delivered deliver VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 199 44 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 199 45 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 199 46 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 199 47 II II NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 199 48 molecules molecule NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 199 49 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 199 50 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 199 51 under under IN cord-275433-58unu79x 199 52 normal normal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 199 53 conditions condition NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 199 54 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 200 1 Recently recently RB cord-275433-58unu79x 200 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 200 3 Figure Figure NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 200 4 4 4 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 200 5 | | NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 200 6 Functions function NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 200 7 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 200 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 200 9 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 200 10 innate innate JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 200 11 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 200 12 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 200 13 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 200 14 during during IN cord-275433-58unu79x 200 15 infection infection NN cord-275433-58unu79x 200 16 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 200 17 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 200 18 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 200 19 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 201 1 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 201 2 | | CD cord-275433-58unu79x 202 1 Intracellular Intracellular NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 202 2 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 202 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 202 4 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 202 5 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 202 6 parasites parasite NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 202 7 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 202 8 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 202 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 203 1 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 203 2 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 203 3 either either CC cord-275433-58unu79x 203 4 free free JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 203 5 inside inside IN cord-275433-58unu79x 203 6 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 203 7 cytosol cytosol NN cord-275433-58unu79x 203 8 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 203 9 inside inside IN cord-275433-58unu79x 203 10 phagosomes phagosome NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 203 11 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 203 12 inside inside JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 203 13 pathogen pathogen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 203 14 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 203 15 containing contain VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 203 16 vacuoles vacuole NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 203 17 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 203 18 surrounded surround VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 203 19 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 203 20 isolation isolation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 203 21 membranes membrane NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 203 22 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 203 23 engulfed engulf VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 203 24 into into IN cord-275433-58unu79x 203 25 autophagosomes autophagosomes NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 203 26 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 203 27 which which WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 203 28 fuse fuse VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 203 29 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 203 30 lysosomes lysosome NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 203 31 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 203 32 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 203 33 then then RB cord-275433-58unu79x 203 34 degraded degrade VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 203 35 inside inside IN cord-275433-58unu79x 203 36 autolysosomes autolysosome NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 203 37 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 204 1 b b LS cord-275433-58unu79x 204 2 | | NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 204 3 Viral Viral NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 204 4 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 204 5 acids acid NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 204 6 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 204 7 transferred transfer VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 204 8 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 204 9 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 204 10 from from IN cord-275433-58unu79x 204 11 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 204 12 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-275433-58unu79x 204 13 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 204 14 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 204 15 compartments compartment NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 204 16 containing contain VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 204 17 Toll Toll NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 204 18 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 204 19 like like JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 204 20 receptor receptor NN cord-275433-58unu79x 204 21 7 7 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 204 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 204 23 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 204 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 204 25 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 204 26 which which WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 204 27 signals signal VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 204 28 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 204 29 induction induction NN cord-275433-58unu79x 204 30 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 204 31 type type NN cord-275433-58unu79x 205 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 206 1 interferon interferon NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 206 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 206 3 IFN IFN NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 206 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 206 5 production production NN cord-275433-58unu79x 206 6 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 207 1 c c NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 207 2 | | : cord-275433-58unu79x 207 3 Viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 207 4 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 207 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 207 6 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 207 7 potentially potentially RB cord-275433-58unu79x 207 8 other other JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 207 9 endogenously endogenously RB cord-275433-58unu79x 207 10 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 207 11 microbial microbial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 207 12 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 207 13 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 207 14 self self NN cord-275433-58unu79x 207 15 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 207 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 207 17 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 207 18 engulfed engulf VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 207 19 into into IN cord-275433-58unu79x 207 20 autophagosomes autophagosome NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 207 21 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 207 22 fuse fuse NN cord-275433-58unu79x 207 23 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 207 24 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 207 25 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 207 26 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 207 27 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 207 28 II ii NN cord-275433-58unu79x 207 29 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 207 30 containing contain VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 207 31 late late JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 207 32 endosomes endosome NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 207 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 207 34 MIICs MIICs NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 207 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 207 36 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 207 37 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 207 38 then then RB cord-275433-58unu79x 207 39 loaded load VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 207 40 onto onto IN cord-275433-58unu79x 207 41 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 207 42 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 207 43 II II NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 207 44 molecules molecule NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 207 45 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 207 46 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 207 47 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 207 48 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 207 49 + + CC cord-275433-58unu79x 207 50 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 207 51 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 207 52 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 208 1 Cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 208 2 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 208 3 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 208 4 contain contain VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 208 5 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 208 6 KFERQ KFERQ NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 208 7 recognition recognition NN cord-275433-58unu79x 208 8 motif motif NN cord-275433-58unu79x 208 9 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 208 10 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 208 11 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 208 12 directly directly RB cord-275433-58unu79x 208 13 imported import VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 208 14 into into IN cord-275433-58unu79x 208 15 MIICs miic NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 208 16 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 208 17 chaperone chaperone NN cord-275433-58unu79x 208 18 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 208 19 mediated mediate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 208 20 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 208 21 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 209 1 CLIP CLIP NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 209 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 209 3 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 209 4 II ii NN cord-275433-58unu79x 209 5 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 209 6 associated associate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 209 7 invariant invariant JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 209 8 chain chain NN cord-275433-58unu79x 209 9 peptide peptide NN cord-275433-58unu79x 209 10 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 210 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 210 2 T T NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 210 3 H h NN cord-275433-58unu79x 210 4 1 1 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 210 5 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 210 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 210 7 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 211 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 211 2 term term NN cord-275433-58unu79x 211 3 used use VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 211 4 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 211 5 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 211 6 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 211 7 + + CC cord-275433-58unu79x 211 8 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 211 9 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 211 10 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 211 11 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 211 12 differentiated differentiate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 211 13 into into IN cord-275433-58unu79x 211 14 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 211 15 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 211 16 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 211 17 produces produce VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 211 18 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 211 19 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 211 20 interferon interferon NN cord-275433-58unu79x 211 21 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 211 22 γ γ NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 211 23 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 211 24 lymphotoxin lymphotoxin NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 211 25 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 211 26 α α NN cord-275433-58unu79x 211 27 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 211 28 tumour tumour NN cord-275433-58unu79x 211 29 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 211 30 necrosis necrosis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 211 31 factor factor NN cord-275433-58unu79x 211 32 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 211 33 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 211 34 supports support VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 211 35 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 211 36 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 211 37 mediated mediate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 211 38 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 211 39 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 212 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 212 2 T T NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 212 3 H h NN cord-275433-58unu79x 212 4 2 2 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 212 5 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 212 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 212 7 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 213 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 213 2 term term NN cord-275433-58unu79x 213 3 used use VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 213 4 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 213 5 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 213 6 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 213 7 + + CC cord-275433-58unu79x 213 8 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 213 9 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 213 10 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 213 11 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 213 12 differentiated differentiate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 213 13 into into IN cord-275433-58unu79x 213 14 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 213 15 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 213 16 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 213 17 produces produce VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 213 18 interleukin-4 interleukin-4 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 213 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 213 20 IL-4 IL-4 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 213 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 213 22 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 213 23 IL-5 IL-5 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 213 24 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 213 25 IL-13 IL-13 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 213 26 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 213 27 supports support VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 213 28 humoral humoral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 213 29 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 213 30 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 213 31 downregulates downregulate VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 213 32 T T NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 213 33 H H NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 213 34 1-cell 1-cell CD cord-275433-58unu79x 213 35 responses response NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 213 36 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 214 1 p47 p47 NN cord-275433-58unu79x 214 2 GTPase GTPase NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 215 1 family family NN cord-275433-58unu79x 215 2 A a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 215 3 group group NN cord-275433-58unu79x 215 4 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 215 5 47 47 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 215 6 - - SYM cord-275433-58unu79x 215 7 48-kDa 48-kda CD cord-275433-58unu79x 215 8 proteins protein NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 215 9 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 215 10 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 215 11 produced produce VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 215 12 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 215 13 response response NN cord-275433-58unu79x 215 14 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 215 15 interferons interferon NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 215 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 215 17 IFNs ifn NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 215 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 215 19 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 215 20 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 215 21 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 215 22 involved involve VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 215 23 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 215 24 resistance resistance NN cord-275433-58unu79x 215 25 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 215 26 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 215 27 protozoa protozoan NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 215 28 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 215 29 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 215 30 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 215 31 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 215 32 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 216 1 Members member NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 216 2 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 216 3 this this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 216 4 family family NN cord-275433-58unu79x 216 5 include include VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 216 6 IFNγ IFNγ NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 216 7 - - , cord-275433-58unu79x 216 8 induced induce VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 216 9 GTPase GTPase NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 216 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 216 11 IGTP IGTP NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 216 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 216 13 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 216 14 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 216 15 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 216 16 related relate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 216 17 GTPase GTPase NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 216 18 family family NN cord-275433-58unu79x 216 19 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 216 20 M M NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 216 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 216 22 IRGM IRGM NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 216 23 ; ; : cord-275433-58unu79x 216 24 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 216 25 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 216 26 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 216 27 LRG47 LRG47 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 216 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 216 29 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 216 30 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 216 31 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 216 32 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 216 33 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 216 34 specific specific JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 216 35 GTPase gtpase NN cord-275433-58unu79x 216 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 216 37 TGTP TGTP NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 216 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 216 39 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 217 1 73 73 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 217 2 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 218 1 In in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 218 2 these these DT cord-275433-58unu79x 218 3 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 218 4 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 218 5 at at RB cord-275433-58unu79x 218 6 least least RBS cord-275433-58unu79x 218 7 one one CD cord-275433-58unu79x 218 8 half half NN cord-275433-58unu79x 218 9 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 218 10 all all DT cord-275433-58unu79x 218 11 autophagosomes autophagosome NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 218 12 intersect intersect VB cord-275433-58unu79x 218 13 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 218 14 fuse fuse VB cord-275433-58unu79x 218 15 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 218 16 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 218 17 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 218 18 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 218 19 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 218 20 II ii NN cord-275433-58unu79x 218 21 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 218 22 loading loading NN cord-275433-58unu79x 218 23 compartments compartment NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 218 24 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 219 1 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 219 2 trafficking traffic VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 219 3 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 219 4 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 219 5 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 219 6 highly highly RB cord-275433-58unu79x 219 7 relevant relevant JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 219 8 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 219 9 antigen antigen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 219 10 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 219 11 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 219 12 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 219 13 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 219 14 targeting targeting NN cord-275433-58unu79x 219 15 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 219 16 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 219 17 influenza influenza NN cord-275433-58unu79x 219 18 virus virus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 219 19 matrix matrix NN cord-275433-58unu79x 219 20 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 219 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 219 22 MP MP NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 219 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 219 24 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 219 25 autophagosomes autophagosomes NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 219 26 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 219 27 fusion fusion NN cord-275433-58unu79x 219 28 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 219 29 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 219 30 autophagosomal autophagosomal NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 219 31 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 220 1 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 220 2 led lead VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 220 3 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 220 4 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 220 5 20-fold 20-fold JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 220 6 enhancement enhancement NN cord-275433-58unu79x 220 7 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 220 8 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 220 9 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 220 10 II II NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 220 11 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 220 12 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 220 13 MP MP NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 220 14 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 220 15 specific specific JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 220 16 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 220 17 + + CC cord-275433-58unu79x 220 18 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 220 19 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 220 20 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 220 21 clones clone NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 220 22 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 221 1 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 221 2 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 221 3 exciting exciting JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 221 4 implications implication NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 221 5 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 221 6 vaccine vaccine NN cord-275433-58unu79x 221 7 development development NN cord-275433-58unu79x 221 8 ; ; , cord-275433-58unu79x 221 9 targeting target VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 221 10 proteins protein NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 221 11 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 221 12 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 221 13 delivery delivery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 221 14 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 221 15 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 221 16 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 221 17 class class NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 221 18 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 221 19 II ii NN cord-275433-58unu79x 221 20 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 221 21 loading loading NN cord-275433-58unu79x 221 22 compartments compartment NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 221 23 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 221 24 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 221 25 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 221 26 effective effective JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 221 27 means mean NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 221 28 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 221 29 improve improve VB cord-275433-58unu79x 221 30 T T NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 221 31 helper helper NN cord-275433-58unu79x 221 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 221 33 T T NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 221 34 H h NN cord-275433-58unu79x 221 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 222 1 -cell -cell JJS cord-275433-58unu79x 222 2 responses response NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 222 3 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 223 1 However however RB cord-275433-58unu79x 223 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 223 3 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 223 4 contribution contribution NN cord-275433-58unu79x 223 5 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 223 6 autophagic autophagic NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 223 7 delivery delivery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 223 8 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 223 9 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 223 10 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 223 11 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 223 12 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 223 13 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 223 14 during during IN cord-275433-58unu79x 223 15 natural natural JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 223 16 infections infection NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 223 17 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 223 18 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 223 19 yet yet RB cord-275433-58unu79x 223 20 been be VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 223 21 explored explore VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 223 22 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 224 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 224 2 ' ' `` cord-275433-58unu79x 224 3 individualized individualized JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 224 4 ' ' '' cord-275433-58unu79x 224 5 form form NN cord-275433-58unu79x 224 6 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 224 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 224 8 termed term VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 224 9 chaperone chaperone NN cord-275433-58unu79x 224 10 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 224 11 mediated mediate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 224 12 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 224 13 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 224 14 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 224 15 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 224 16 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 224 17 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 224 18 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 224 19 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 224 20 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 224 21 II II NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 224 22 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 224 23 74 74 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 224 24 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 225 1 Chaperonemediated chaperonemediated JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 225 2 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 225 3 imports import VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 225 4 individual individual JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 225 5 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 225 6 proteins protein NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 225 7 containing contain VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 225 8 specific specific JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 225 9 pentapeptide pentapeptide NN cord-275433-58unu79x 225 10 recognition recognition NN cord-275433-58unu79x 225 11 motifs motif NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 225 12 into into IN cord-275433-58unu79x 225 13 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 225 14 lysosome lysosome NN cord-275433-58unu79x 225 15 via via IN cord-275433-58unu79x 225 16 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 225 17 particular particular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 225 18 isoform isoform NN cord-275433-58unu79x 225 19 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 225 20 lysosome lysosome NN cord-275433-58unu79x 225 21 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 225 22 associated associate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 225 23 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 225 24 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 225 25 2 2 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 225 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 225 27 LAMP2a lamp2a NN cord-275433-58unu79x 225 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 225 29 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 225 30 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 225 31 accessory accessory NN cord-275433-58unu79x 225 32 chaperone chaperone NN cord-275433-58unu79x 225 33 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 225 34 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 225 35 heat heat NN cord-275433-58unu79x 225 36 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 225 37 shock shock NN cord-275433-58unu79x 225 38 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 226 1 HSC70 HSC70 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 226 2 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 227 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-275433-58unu79x 227 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 227 3 targeting target VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 227 4 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 227 5 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 227 6 chaperonemediated chaperonemediated JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 227 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 227 8 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 227 9 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 227 10 intrinsic intrinsic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 227 11 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 227 12 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 227 13 large large JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 227 14 fraction fraction NN cord-275433-58unu79x 227 15 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 227 16 self self NN cord-275433-58unu79x 227 17 proteins protein NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 227 18 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 227 19 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 227 20 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 227 21 targeting targeting NN cord-275433-58unu79x 227 22 signal signal NN cord-275433-58unu79x 227 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 227 24 KFeRQ KFeRQ NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 227 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 227 26 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 227 27 present present JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 227 28 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 227 29 roughly roughly RB cord-275433-58unu79x 227 30 30 30 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 227 31 % % NN cord-275433-58unu79x 227 32 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 227 33 all all DT cord-275433-58unu79x 227 34 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 227 35 proteins protein NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 227 36 75 75 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 227 37 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 228 1 Although although IN cord-275433-58unu79x 228 2 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 228 3 relative relative JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 228 4 contribution contribution NN cord-275433-58unu79x 228 5 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 228 6 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 228 7 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 228 8 chaperone chaperone NN cord-275433-58unu79x 228 9 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 228 10 mediated mediate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 228 11 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 228 12 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 228 13 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 228 14 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 228 15 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 228 16 II II NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 228 17 antigen antigen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 228 18 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 228 19 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 228 20 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 228 21 yet yet RB cord-275433-58unu79x 228 22 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 228 23 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 228 24 Zhou Zhou NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 228 25 et et NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 228 26 al al NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 228 27 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 229 1 have have VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 229 2 shown show VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 229 3 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 229 4 chaperone chaperone NN cord-275433-58unu79x 229 5 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 229 6 mediated mediate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 229 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 229 8 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 229 9 regulate regulate VB cord-275433-58unu79x 229 10 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 229 11 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 229 12 II II NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 229 13 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 229 14 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 229 15 several several JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 229 16 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 229 17 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 229 18 76 76 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 229 19 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 230 1 Overexpression overexpression NN cord-275433-58unu79x 230 2 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 230 3 LAMP2a lamp2a PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 230 4 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 230 5 HSC70 HSC70 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 230 6 increases increase VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 230 7 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 230 8 self self NN cord-275433-58unu79x 230 9 antigen antigen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 230 10 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 230 11 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 230 12 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 230 13 diminished diminish VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 230 14 HSC70 HSC70 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 230 15 expression expression NN cord-275433-58unu79x 230 16 reduces reduce VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 230 17 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 230 18 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 230 19 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 230 20 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 230 21 II ii NN cord-275433-58unu79x 230 22 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 230 23 restricted restrict VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 230 24 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 230 25 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 230 26 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 230 27 responses response NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 230 28 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 230 29 these these DT cord-275433-58unu79x 230 30 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 230 31 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 231 1 Now now RB cord-275433-58unu79x 231 2 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 231 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 231 4 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 231 5 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 231 6 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 231 7 autophagic autophagic NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 231 8 pathways pathway NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 231 9 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 231 10 have have VB cord-275433-58unu79x 231 11 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 231 12 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 231 13 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 231 14 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 231 15 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 231 16 II II NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 231 17 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 231 18 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 231 19 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 231 20 antigen antigen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 231 21 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 231 22 many many JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 231 23 important important JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 231 24 new new JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 231 25 questions question NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 231 26 arise arise VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 231 27 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 232 1 How how WRB cord-275433-58unu79x 232 2 important important JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 232 3 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 232 4 these these DT cord-275433-58unu79x 232 5 pathways pathway NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 232 6 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 232 7 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 232 8 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 232 9 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 232 10 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 232 11 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 232 12 ? ? . cord-275433-58unu79x 233 1 what what WP cord-275433-58unu79x 233 2 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 233 3 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 233 4 relationship relationship NN cord-275433-58unu79x 233 5 between between IN cord-275433-58unu79x 233 6 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 233 7 elimination elimination NN cord-275433-58unu79x 233 8 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 233 9 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 233 10 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 233 11 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 233 12 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 233 13 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 233 14 II II NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 233 15 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 233 16 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 233 17 microbial microbial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 233 18 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 233 19 ? ? . cord-275433-58unu79x 234 1 Does do VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 234 2 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 234 3 degradation degradation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 234 4 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 234 5 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 234 6 provide provide VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 234 7 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 234 8 source source NN cord-275433-58unu79x 234 9 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 234 10 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 234 11 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 234 12 loading load VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 234 13 into into IN cord-275433-58unu79x 234 14 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 234 15 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 234 16 II II NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 234 17 compartments compartment NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 234 18 and/or and/or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 234 19 does do VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 234 20 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 234 21 autophagic autophagic NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 234 22 machinery machinery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 234 23 independently independently RB cord-275433-58unu79x 234 24 capture capture VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 234 25 newly newly RB cord-275433-58unu79x 234 26 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 234 27 microbial microbial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 234 28 peptides peptide NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 234 29 ? ? . cord-275433-58unu79x 235 1 How how WRB cord-275433-58unu79x 235 2 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 235 3 microbial microbial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 235 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 235 5 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 235 6 self self NN cord-275433-58unu79x 235 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 235 8 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 235 9 targeted target VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 235 10 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 235 11 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 235 12 delivery delivery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 235 13 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 235 14 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 235 15 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 235 16 class class NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 235 17 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 235 18 II ii NN cord-275433-58unu79x 235 19 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 235 20 loading loading NN cord-275433-58unu79x 235 21 compartments compartment NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 235 22 ? ? . cord-275433-58unu79x 236 1 beyond beyond IN cord-275433-58unu79x 236 2 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 236 3 against against IN cord-275433-58unu79x 236 4 infection infection NN cord-275433-58unu79x 236 5 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 236 6 what what WP cord-275433-58unu79x 236 7 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 236 8 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 236 9 broader broad JJR cord-275433-58unu79x 236 10 significance significance NN cord-275433-58unu79x 236 11 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 236 12 autophagic autophagic NN cord-275433-58unu79x 236 13 antigen antigen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 236 14 processing processing NN cord-275433-58unu79x 236 15 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 236 16 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 236 17 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 236 18 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 236 19 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 236 20 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 236 21 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 236 22 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 236 23 II ii NN cord-275433-58unu79x 236 24 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 236 25 dependent dependent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 236 26 manner manner NN cord-275433-58unu79x 236 27 ? ? . cord-275433-58unu79x 237 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 237 2 will will MD cord-275433-58unu79x 237 3 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 237 4 interesting interesting JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 237 5 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 237 6 unravel unravel VB cord-275433-58unu79x 237 7 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 237 8 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 237 9 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 237 10 this this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 237 11 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 237 12 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 237 13 only only RB cord-275433-58unu79x 237 14 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 237 15 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 237 16 against against IN cord-275433-58unu79x 237 17 infection infection NN cord-275433-58unu79x 237 18 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 237 19 but but CC cord-275433-58unu79x 237 20 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 237 21 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 237 22 cancer cancer NN cord-275433-58unu79x 237 23 immunology immunology NN cord-275433-58unu79x 237 24 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 237 25 central central JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 237 26 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 237 27 peripheral peripheral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 237 28 tolerance tolerance NN cord-275433-58unu79x 237 29 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 237 30 autoimmunity autoimmunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 237 31 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 237 32 transplant transplant NN cord-275433-58unu79x 237 33 rejection rejection NN cord-275433-58unu79x 237 34 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 238 1 Autophagy autophagy JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 238 2 regulation regulation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 238 3 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 238 4 immune immune JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 238 5 signals signal NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 239 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 239 2 relationship relationship NN cord-275433-58unu79x 239 3 between between IN cord-275433-58unu79x 239 4 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 239 5 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 239 6 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 239 7 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 239 8 bidirectional bidirectional JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 239 9 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 240 1 Not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 240 2 only only RB cord-275433-58unu79x 240 3 does do VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 240 4 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 240 5 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 240 6 at at IN cord-275433-58unu79x 240 7 least least JJS cord-275433-58unu79x 240 8 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 240 9 certain certain JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 240 10 contexts context NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 240 11 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 240 12 enhance enhance VB cord-275433-58unu79x 240 13 innate innate JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 240 14 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 240 15 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 240 16 immune immune JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 240 17 responses response NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 240 18 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 240 19 but but CC cord-275433-58unu79x 240 20 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 240 21 parallel parallel NN cord-275433-58unu79x 240 22 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 240 23 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 240 24 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 240 25 receptors receptor NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 240 26 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 240 27 ligands ligand NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 240 28 involved involve VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 240 29 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 240 30 innate innate JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 240 31 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 240 32 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 240 33 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 240 34 enhance enhance NN cord-275433-58unu79x 240 35 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 240 36 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 241 1 Immune immune JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 241 2 signalling signal VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 241 3 molecules molecule NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 241 4 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 241 5 have have VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 241 6 been be VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 241 7 shown show VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 241 8 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 241 9 positively positively RB cord-275433-58unu79x 241 10 regulate regulate VB cord-275433-58unu79x 241 11 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 241 12 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 241 13 some some DT cord-275433-58unu79x 241 14 contexts context NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 241 15 include include VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 241 16 PKR PKR NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 241 17 77 77 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 241 18 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 241 19 IFNγ IFNγ NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 241 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 241 21 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 241 22 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-275433-58unu79x 241 23 downstream downstream JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 241 24 effector effector NN cord-275433-58unu79x 241 25 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 241 26 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 241 27 related relate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 241 28 GTPases gtpase NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 241 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 241 30 9 9 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 241 31 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 241 32 42 42 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 241 33 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 241 34 45 45 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 241 35 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 241 36 78 78 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 241 37 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 241 38 79 79 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 241 39 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 241 40 tumour tumour NN cord-275433-58unu79x 241 41 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 241 42 necrosis necrosis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 241 43 factor factor NN cord-275433-58unu79x 241 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 241 45 TNF TNF NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 241 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 241 47 53 53 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 241 48 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 241 49 80 80 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 241 50 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 241 51 81 81 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 241 52 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 241 53 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 241 54 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 241 55 CD40-CD40L cd40-cd40l NN cord-275433-58unu79x 241 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 241 57 CD40 CD40 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 241 58 ligand ligand NN cord-275433-58unu79x 241 59 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 241 60 interaction interaction NN cord-275433-58unu79x 241 61 8 8 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 241 62 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 242 1 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 242 2 contrast contrast NN cord-275433-58unu79x 242 3 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 242 4 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 242 5 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 242 6 negatively negatively RB cord-275433-58unu79x 242 7 regulated regulate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 242 8 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 242 9 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 242 10 T T NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 242 11 H H NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 242 12 2-type 2-type CD cord-275433-58unu79x 242 13 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 242 14 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 242 15 interleukin-4 interleukin-4 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 242 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 242 17 IL-4 IL-4 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 242 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 242 19 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 242 20 IL-13 IL-13 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 242 21 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 242 22 although although IN cord-275433-58unu79x 242 23 this this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 242 24 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 242 25 been be VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 242 26 shown show VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 242 27 so so RB cord-275433-58unu79x 242 28 far far RB cord-275433-58unu79x 242 29 only only RB cord-275433-58unu79x 242 30 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 242 31 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 242 32 non non JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 242 33 - - JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 242 34 immune immune JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 242 35 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 242 36 line line NN cord-275433-58unu79x 242 37 82 82 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 242 38 - - SYM cord-275433-58unu79x 242 39 84 84 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 242 40 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 243 1 In in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 243 2 general general JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 243 3 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 243 4 there there EX cord-275433-58unu79x 243 5 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 243 6 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 243 7 correlation correlation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 243 8 between between IN cord-275433-58unu79x 243 9 activation activation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 243 10 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 243 11 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 243 12 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 243 13 immune immune JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 243 14 mediators mediator NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 243 15 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 243 16 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 243 17 control control NN cord-275433-58unu79x 243 18 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 243 19 infection infection NN cord-275433-58unu79x 243 20 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 243 21 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 243 22 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 243 23 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 244 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 244 2 PKR PKR NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 244 3 signalling signal VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 244 4 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 244 5 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 244 6 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 244 7 important important JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 244 8 arm arm NN cord-275433-58unu79x 244 9 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 244 10 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 244 11 innate innate JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 244 12 defence defence NN cord-275433-58unu79x 244 13 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 244 14 against against IN cord-275433-58unu79x 244 15 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 244 16 85 85 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 244 17 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 244 18 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 244 19 required require VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 244 20 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 244 21 virusinduced virusinduced JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 244 22 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 244 23 55 55 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 244 24 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 244 25 77 77 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 244 26 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 245 1 Cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 245 2 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 245 3 mediated mediate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 245 4 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 245 5 can can MD cord-275433-58unu79x 245 6 induce induce VB cord-275433-58unu79x 245 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 245 8 through through IN cord-275433-58unu79x 245 9 CD40-CD40L cd40-cd40l CC cord-275433-58unu79x 245 10 stimulation stimulation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 245 11 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 245 12 protect protect VB cord-275433-58unu79x 245 13 target target NN cord-275433-58unu79x 245 14 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 245 15 against against IN cord-275433-58unu79x 245 16 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 245 17 vacuolar vacuolar JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 245 18 parasite parasite NN cord-275433-58unu79x 245 19 T. T. NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 245 20 gondii gondii NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 245 21 8 8 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 245 22 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 246 1 IFNγ IFNγ NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 246 2 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 246 3 TNF TNF NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 246 4 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 246 5 crucial crucial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 246 6 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 246 7 protection protection NN cord-275433-58unu79x 246 8 against against IN cord-275433-58unu79x 246 9 infection infection NN cord-275433-58unu79x 246 10 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 246 11 mycobacteria mycobacterium NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 246 12 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 246 13 other other JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 246 14 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 246 15 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 246 16 replicate replicate VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 246 17 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 246 18 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 246 19 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 246 20 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 246 21 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 246 22 potent potent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 246 23 inducers inducer NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 246 24 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 246 25 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 246 26 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 246 27 both both DT cord-275433-58unu79x 246 28 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 246 29 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 246 30 other other JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 246 31 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 246 32 types type NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 246 33 9 9 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 246 34 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 246 35 42 42 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 246 36 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 246 37 45 45 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 246 38 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 246 39 53 53 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 246 40 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 246 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 246 42 78 78 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 246 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 246 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 246 45 79 79 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 246 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 247 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 247 2 80 80 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 247 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 247 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 247 5 81 81 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 247 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 247 7 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 248 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 248 2 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 248 3 interesting interesting JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 248 4 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 248 5 note note VB cord-275433-58unu79x 248 6 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 248 7 contrasting contrast VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 248 8 roles role NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 248 9 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 248 10 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 248 11 T T NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 248 12 H H NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 248 13 1-type 1-type CD cord-275433-58unu79x 248 14 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 248 15 IFNγ IFNγ NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 248 16 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 248 17 TNF TNF NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 248 18 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 248 19 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 248 20 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 248 21 T T NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 248 22 H H NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 248 23 2-type 2-type CD cord-275433-58unu79x 248 24 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 248 25 IL-4 IL-4 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 248 26 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 248 27 IL-13 IL-13 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 248 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 248 29 REF ref NN cord-275433-58unu79x 248 30 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 248 31 81 81 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 248 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 248 33 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 248 34 have have VB cord-275433-58unu79x 248 35 on on IN cord-275433-58unu79x 248 36 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 248 37 regulation regulation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 248 38 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 248 39 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 248 40 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 249 1 Perhaps perhaps RB cord-275433-58unu79x 249 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 249 3 T T NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 249 4 H H NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 249 5 1-cell 1-cell CD cord-275433-58unu79x 249 6 responses response NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 249 7 activate activate VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 249 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 249 9 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 249 10 thereby thereby RB cord-275433-58unu79x 249 11 affording afford VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 249 12 protection protection NN cord-275433-58unu79x 249 13 against against IN cord-275433-58unu79x 249 14 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 249 15 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 249 16 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 249 17 whereas whereas IN cord-275433-58unu79x 249 18 T T NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 249 19 H h NN cord-275433-58unu79x 249 20 2-cell 2-cell CD cord-275433-58unu79x 249 21 responses response NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 249 22 dampen dampen VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 249 23 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 249 24 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 249 25 response response NN cord-275433-58unu79x 249 26 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 249 27 thus thus RB cord-275433-58unu79x 249 28 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 249 29 potentially potentially RB cord-275433-58unu79x 249 30 explaining explain VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 249 31 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 249 32 negative negative JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 249 33 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 249 34 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 249 35 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 249 36 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 249 37 H h NN cord-275433-58unu79x 249 38 2-cell 2-cell CD cord-275433-58unu79x 249 39 response response NN cord-275433-58unu79x 249 40 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 249 41 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 249 42 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 249 43 control control NN cord-275433-58unu79x 249 44 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 249 45 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 249 46 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 249 47 86 86 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 249 48 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 250 1 p47 p47 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 250 2 GTPase GTPase NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 250 3 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 250 4 mediated mediate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 250 5 regulation regulation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 250 6 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 250 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 250 8 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 251 1 Recent recent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 251 2 advances advance NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 251 3 have have VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 251 4 been be VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 251 5 made make VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 251 6 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 251 7 identifying identify VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 251 8 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 251 9 molecular molecular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 251 10 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 251 11 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 251 12 underlie underlie VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 251 13 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 251 14 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 251 15 action action NN cord-275433-58unu79x 251 16 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 251 17 IFNγ ifnγ NN cord-275433-58unu79x 251 18 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 251 19 induced induce VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 251 20 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 251 21 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 252 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 252 2 mouse mouse NN cord-275433-58unu79x 252 3 genome genome NN cord-275433-58unu79x 252 4 contains contain VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 252 5 23 23 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 252 6 different different JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 252 7 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 252 8 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 252 9 related relate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 252 10 GTPases gtpase NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 252 11 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 252 12 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 252 13 responsive responsive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 252 14 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 252 15 IFNγ IFNγ NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 252 16 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 252 17 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 252 18 have have VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 252 19 been be VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 252 20 long long RB cord-275433-58unu79x 252 21 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 252 22 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 252 23 have have VB cord-275433-58unu79x 252 24 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 252 25 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 252 26 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 252 27 defence defence NN cord-275433-58unu79x 252 28 against against IN cord-275433-58unu79x 252 29 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 252 30 wide wide JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 252 31 range range NN cord-275433-58unu79x 252 32 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 252 33 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 252 34 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 252 35 87 87 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 252 36 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 253 1 However however RB cord-275433-58unu79x 253 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 253 3 until until IN cord-275433-58unu79x 253 4 recently recently RB cord-275433-58unu79x 253 5 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 253 6 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 253 7 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 253 8 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 253 9 which which WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 253 10 these these DT cord-275433-58unu79x 253 11 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 253 12 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 253 13 related relate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 253 14 GTPases gtpase NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 253 15 control control NN cord-275433-58unu79x 253 16 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 253 17 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 253 18 have have VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 253 19 remained remain VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 253 20 unclear unclear JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 253 21 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 253 22 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 253 23 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 253 24 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 253 25 question question NN cord-275433-58unu79x 253 26 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 253 27 whether whether IN cord-275433-58unu79x 253 28 human human JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 253 29 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 253 30 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 253 31 related relate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 253 32 GTPases gtpase NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 253 33 have have VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 253 34 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 253 35 similar similar JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 253 36 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 253 37 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 253 38 defence defence NN cord-275433-58unu79x 253 39 against against IN cord-275433-58unu79x 253 40 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 253 41 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 253 42 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 254 1 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 254 2 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 254 3 been be VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 254 4 partially partially RB cord-275433-58unu79x 254 5 resolved resolve VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 254 6 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 254 7 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 254 8 recent recent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 254 9 discoveries discovery NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 254 10 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 254 11 both both CC cord-275433-58unu79x 254 12 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 254 13 mouse mouse NN cord-275433-58unu79x 254 14 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 254 15 human human NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 254 16 p47 p47 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 255 1 GTPase GTPase NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 255 2 family family NN cord-275433-58unu79x 255 3 member member NN cord-275433-58unu79x 255 4 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 255 5 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 255 6 related relate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 255 7 GTPase GTPase NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 255 8 family family NN cord-275433-58unu79x 255 9 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 255 10 M M NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 255 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 255 12 IRGM IRGM NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 255 13 ; ; : cord-275433-58unu79x 255 14 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 255 15 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 255 16 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 255 17 LRG47 LRG47 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 255 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 255 19 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 255 20 required require VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 255 21 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 255 22 IFNγ IFNγ NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 255 23 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 255 24 induced induce VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 255 25 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 255 26 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 255 27 antimycobacterial antimycobacterial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 255 28 activity activity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 255 29 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 255 30 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 255 31 42 42 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 255 32 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 255 33 45 45 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 255 34 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 255 35 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 255 36 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 255 37 mouse mouse NN cord-275433-58unu79x 255 38 IRGM IRGM NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 255 39 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 255 40 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 255 41 required require VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 255 42 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 255 43 antiparasitic antiparasitic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 255 44 activity activity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 255 45 associated associate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 255 46 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 255 47 macrophage macrophage NN cord-275433-58unu79x 255 48 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 255 49 9 9 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 255 50 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 256 1 Although although IN cord-275433-58unu79x 256 2 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 256 3 expression expression NN cord-275433-58unu79x 256 4 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 256 5 human human JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 256 6 IRGM IRGM NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 256 7 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 256 8 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 256 9 regulated regulate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 256 10 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 256 11 IFNγ IFNγ NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 256 12 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 256 13 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 256 14 must must MD cord-275433-58unu79x 256 15 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 256 16 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 256 17 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 256 18 this this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 256 19 cytokine cytokine NN cord-275433-58unu79x 256 20 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 256 21 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 256 22 other other JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 256 23 physiological physiological JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 256 24 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 256 25 pharmacological pharmacological JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 256 26 inducers inducer NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 256 27 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 256 28 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 256 29 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 256 30 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 256 31 IRGM IRGM NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 256 32 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 256 33 exert exert VB cord-275433-58unu79x 256 34 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-275433-58unu79x 256 35 action action NN cord-275433-58unu79x 256 36 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 257 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 257 2 exact exact JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 257 3 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 257 4 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 257 5 which which WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 257 6 IRGM IRGM NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 257 7 promotes promote VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 257 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 257 9 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 257 10 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 257 11 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 257 12 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 257 13 but but CC cord-275433-58unu79x 257 14 they -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 257 15 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 257 16 depend depend VB cord-275433-58unu79x 257 17 on on IN cord-275433-58unu79x 257 18 direct direct JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 257 19 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 257 20 indirect indirect JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 257 21 interactions interaction NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 257 22 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 257 23 organelles organelle NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 257 24 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 257 25 regulators regulator NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 257 26 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 257 27 effectors effector NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 257 28 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 257 29 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 257 30 autophagic autophagic NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 257 31 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 257 32 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 258 1 Alternatively alternatively RB cord-275433-58unu79x 258 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 258 3 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 258 4 view view NN cord-275433-58unu79x 258 5 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 258 6 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 258 7 putative putative JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 258 8 function function NN cord-275433-58unu79x 258 9 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 258 10 IRGM IRGM NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 258 11 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 258 12 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 258 13 dynamin dynamin NN cord-275433-58unu79x 258 14 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 258 15 like like JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 258 16 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 258 17 remodelling remodelling NN cord-275433-58unu79x 258 18 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 258 19 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 258 20 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 258 21 induction induction NN cord-275433-58unu79x 258 22 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 258 23 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 258 24 indirectly indirectly RB cord-275433-58unu79x 258 25 promoted promote VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 258 26 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 258 27 IRGM IRGM NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 258 28 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 258 29 induced induce VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 258 30 changes change NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 258 31 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 258 32 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 258 33 parasitic parasitic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 258 34 vacuole vacuole NN cord-275433-58unu79x 258 35 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 258 36 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 259 1 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 259 2 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 259 3 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 4 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 259 5 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 6 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 7 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 259 8 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 259 9 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 259 10 central central JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 259 11 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 12 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 13 life life NN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 14 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 259 15 death death NN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 16 decisions decision NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 259 17 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 18 numerous numerous JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 259 19 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 20 types type NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 259 21 across across IN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 22 diverse diverse JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 259 23 phyla phylum NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 259 24 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 259 25 functioning function VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 259 26 both both CC cord-275433-58unu79x 259 27 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 28 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 259 29 pro pro JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 259 30 - - JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 259 31 survival survival JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 259 32 mechanism mechanism NN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 33 during during IN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 34 nutrient nutrient NN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 35 deprivation deprivation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 36 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 259 37 other other JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 259 38 forms form NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 259 39 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 40 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 41 stress stress NN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 42 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 259 43 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 44 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 259 45 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 46 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 259 47 death death NN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 48 mechanism mechanism NN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 49 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 50 other other JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 259 51 contexts context NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 259 52 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 259 53 such such JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 259 54 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 55 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 56 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 259 57 defective defective JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 259 58 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 59 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 60 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 259 61 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 62 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 259 63 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 64 very very RB cord-275433-58unu79x 259 65 high high JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 259 66 levels level NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 259 67 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 68 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 259 69 88 88 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 259 70 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 259 71 89 89 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 259 72 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 260 1 Recent recent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 260 2 studies study NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 260 3 indicate indicate VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 260 4 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 260 5 this this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 260 6 homeostatic homeostatic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 260 7 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 260 8 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 260 9 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 260 10 extends extend VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 260 11 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 260 12 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 260 13 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 260 14 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 261 1 Pools pool NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 261 2 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 261 3 mature mature JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 261 4 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 261 5 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 261 6 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 261 7 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 261 8 periphery periphery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 261 9 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 261 10 subject subject JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 261 11 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 261 12 tight tight JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 261 13 regulation regulation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 261 14 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 261 15 must must MD cord-275433-58unu79x 261 16 balance balance VB cord-275433-58unu79x 261 17 naive naive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 261 18 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 261 19 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 261 20 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 261 21 flux flux NN cord-275433-58unu79x 261 22 following follow VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 261 23 thymic thymic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 261 24 selection selection NN cord-275433-58unu79x 261 25 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 261 26 effector effector JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 261 27 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 261 28 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 261 29 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 261 30 proliferation proliferation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 261 31 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 261 32 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 261 33 death death NN cord-275433-58unu79x 261 34 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 261 35 differentiation differentiation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 261 36 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 262 1 A a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 262 2 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 262 3 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 262 4 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 262 5 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 262 6 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 262 7 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 262 8 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 262 9 survival survival NN cord-275433-58unu79x 262 10 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 262 11 proliferation proliferation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 262 12 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 262 13 been be VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 262 14 shown show VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 262 15 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 262 16 vivo vivo NN cord-275433-58unu79x 262 17 using use VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 262 18 lethally lethally RB cord-275433-58unu79x 262 19 irradiated irradiate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 262 20 mice mouse NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 262 21 repopulated repopulate VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 262 22 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 262 23 haematopoietic haematopoietic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 262 24 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 262 25 from from IN cord-275433-58unu79x 262 26 fetal fetal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 262 27 livers liver NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 262 28 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 262 29 Atg5 atg5 JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 262 30 -/mice -/mice NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 262 31 13 13 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 262 32 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 263 1 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 263 2 + + CC cord-275433-58unu79x 263 3 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 263 4 CD8 CD8 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 263 5 + + CC cord-275433-58unu79x 263 6 T T NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 263 7 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 263 8 from from IN cord-275433-58unu79x 263 9 Atg5 atg5 JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 263 10 -/mice -/mice NN cord-275433-58unu79x 263 11 fail fail VB cord-275433-58unu79x 263 12 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 263 13 undergo undergo VB cord-275433-58unu79x 263 14 efficient efficient JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 263 15 proliferation proliferation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 263 16 after after IN cord-275433-58unu79x 263 17 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 263 18 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 263 19 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 263 20 receptor receptor NN cord-275433-58unu79x 263 21 stimulation stimulation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 263 22 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 264 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-275433-58unu79x 264 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 264 3 Atg5 Atg5 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 264 4 -/-T -/-T NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 264 5 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 264 6 develop develop VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 264 7 normally normally RB cord-275433-58unu79x 264 8 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 264 9 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 264 10 recipient recipient NN cord-275433-58unu79x 264 11 thymus thymus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 264 12 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 264 13 but but CC cord-275433-58unu79x 264 14 fail fail VB cord-275433-58unu79x 264 15 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 264 16 repopulate repopulate VB cord-275433-58unu79x 264 17 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 264 18 periphery periphery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 264 19 due due IN cord-275433-58unu79x 264 20 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 264 21 overwhelming overwhelming JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 264 22 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 264 23 death death NN cord-275433-58unu79x 264 24 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 265 1 One one CD cord-275433-58unu79x 265 2 interpretation interpretation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 265 3 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 265 4 this this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 265 5 finding finding NN cord-275433-58unu79x 265 6 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 265 7 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 265 8 T T NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 265 9 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 265 10 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 265 11 on on IN cord-275433-58unu79x 265 12 exit exit NN cord-275433-58unu79x 265 13 from from IN cord-275433-58unu79x 265 14 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 265 15 thymus thymus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 265 16 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 265 17 become become VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 265 18 exposed expose VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 265 19 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 265 20 nutritional nutritional JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 265 21 stress stress NN cord-275433-58unu79x 265 22 owing owe VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 265 23 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 265 24 limitations limitation NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 265 25 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 265 26 trophic trophic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 265 27 factor factor NN cord-275433-58unu79x 265 28 support support NN cord-275433-58unu79x 265 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 265 30 such such JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 265 31 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 265 32 IL-7 IL-7 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 265 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 265 34 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 265 35 require require VB cord-275433-58unu79x 265 36 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 265 37 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 265 38 sustain sustain VB cord-275433-58unu79x 265 39 them -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 265 40 during during IN cord-275433-58unu79x 265 41 this this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 265 42 period period NN cord-275433-58unu79x 265 43 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 266 1 At at IN cord-275433-58unu79x 266 2 present present NN cord-275433-58unu79x 266 3 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 266 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 266 5 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 266 6 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 266 7 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 266 8 how how WRB cord-275433-58unu79x 266 9 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 266 10 affects affect VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 266 11 immunological immunological JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 266 12 memory memory NN cord-275433-58unu79x 266 13 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 266 14 but but CC cord-275433-58unu79x 266 15 based base VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 266 16 on on IN cord-275433-58unu79x 266 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-275433-58unu79x 266 18 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 266 19 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 266 20 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 266 21 maintenance maintenance NN cord-275433-58unu79x 266 22 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 266 23 other other JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 266 24 long long RB cord-275433-58unu79x 266 25 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 266 26 lived live VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 266 27 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 266 28 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 266 29 such such JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 266 30 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 266 31 neurons neuron NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 266 32 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 266 33 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 266 34 prediction prediction NN cord-275433-58unu79x 266 35 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 266 36 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 266 37 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 266 38 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 266 39 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 266 40 have have VB cord-275433-58unu79x 266 41 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 266 42 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 266 43 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 266 44 maintaining maintain VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 266 45 memory memory NN cord-275433-58unu79x 266 46 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 266 47 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 266 48 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 267 1 In in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 267 2 contrast contrast NN cord-275433-58unu79x 267 3 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 267 4 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-275433-58unu79x 267 5 function function NN cord-275433-58unu79x 267 6 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 267 7 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 267 8 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 267 9 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 267 10 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 267 11 survival survival NN cord-275433-58unu79x 267 12 process process NN cord-275433-58unu79x 267 13 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 267 14 excessive excessive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 267 15 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 267 16 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 267 17 been be VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 267 18 linked link VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 267 19 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 267 20 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 267 21 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 267 22 death death NN cord-275433-58unu79x 267 23 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 267 24 effector effector NN cord-275433-58unu79x 267 25 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 267 26 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 267 27 under under IN cord-275433-58unu79x 267 28 conditions condition NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 267 29 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 267 30 model model VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 267 31 normal normal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 267 32 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 267 33 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 268 1 Li Li NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 268 2 et et NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 268 3 al al NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 268 4 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 269 1 found find VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 269 2 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 269 3 T T NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 269 4 H h NN cord-275433-58unu79x 269 5 2 2 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 269 6 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 269 7 become become VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 269 8 more more RBR cord-275433-58unu79x 269 9 resistant resistant JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 269 10 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 269 11 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 269 12 death death NN cord-275433-58unu79x 269 13 induced induce VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 269 14 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 269 15 growth growth NN cord-275433-58unu79x 269 16 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 269 17 factor factor NN cord-275433-58unu79x 269 18 withdrawal withdrawal NN cord-275433-58unu79x 269 19 when when WRB cord-275433-58unu79x 269 20 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 269 21 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 269 22 blocked block VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 269 23 using use VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 269 24 pharmacological pharmacological JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 269 25 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 269 26 genetic genetic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 269 27 methods method NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 269 28 14 14 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 269 29 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 270 1 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 270 2 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 270 3 death death NN cord-275433-58unu79x 270 4 process process NN cord-275433-58unu79x 270 5 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 270 6 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 270 7 exploited exploit VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 270 8 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 270 9 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 270 10 such such JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 270 11 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 270 12 HIv HIv NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 270 13 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 270 14 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 270 15 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 270 16 HIv HIv NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 270 17 envelope envelope NN cord-275433-58unu79x 270 18 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 270 19 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 270 20 been be VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 270 21 shown show VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 270 22 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 270 23 induce induce VB cord-275433-58unu79x 270 24 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 270 25 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 270 26 death death NN cord-275433-58unu79x 270 27 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 270 28 binding bind VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 270 29 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 270 30 CXC CXC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 270 31 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 270 32 chemokine chemokine NN cord-275433-58unu79x 270 33 receptor receptor NN cord-275433-58unu79x 270 34 4 4 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 270 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 270 36 CXCR4 CXCR4 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 270 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 270 38 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 270 39 uninfected uninfected JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 270 40 bystander bystander NN cord-275433-58unu79x 270 41 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 270 42 + + CC cord-275433-58unu79x 270 43 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 270 44 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 270 45 90 90 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 270 46 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 271 1 However however RB cord-275433-58unu79x 271 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 271 3 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 4 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 271 5 + + CC cord-275433-58unu79x 271 6 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 7 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 271 8 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 271 9 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 271 10 natural natural JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 271 11 ligand ligand NN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 12 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 13 CXCR4 CXCR4 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 271 14 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 271 15 CXC CXC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 271 16 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 271 17 chemokine chemokine NN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 18 ligand ligand NN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 19 12 12 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 271 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 271 21 CXCL12 CXCL12 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 271 22 ; ; : cord-275433-58unu79x 271 23 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 271 24 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 25 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 26 SDF1α SDF1α NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 271 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 271 28 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 271 29 induces induce VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 271 30 lymphocyte lymphocyte NN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 31 activation activation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 32 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 271 33 homing homing NN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 34 rather rather RB cord-275433-58unu79x 271 35 than than IN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 36 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 37 death death NN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 38 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 271 39 indicating indicate VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 271 40 divergent divergent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 271 41 outcomes outcome NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 271 42 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 43 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 44 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 271 45 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 46 physiology physiology NN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 47 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 48 response response NN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 49 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 50 engagement engagement NN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 51 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 52 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 271 53 same same JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 271 54 cellular cellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 271 55 chemokine chemokine NN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 56 receptor receptor NN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 57 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 58 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 271 59 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 271 60 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 61 versus versus IN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 62 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-275433-58unu79x 271 63 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 271 64 ligand ligand NN cord-275433-58unu79x 271 65 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 272 1 Future future JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 272 2 studies study NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 272 3 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 272 4 needed need VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 272 5 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 272 6 determine determine VB cord-275433-58unu79x 272 7 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 272 8 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 272 9 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 272 10 this this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 272 11 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-275433-58unu79x 272 12 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 272 13 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 272 14 + + CC cord-275433-58unu79x 272 15 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 272 16 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 272 17 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 272 18 depletion depletion NN cord-275433-58unu79x 272 19 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 272 20 patients patient NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 272 21 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 272 22 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 272 23 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 272 24 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 272 25 better better RB cord-275433-58unu79x 272 26 define define VB cord-275433-58unu79x 272 27 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 272 28 factors factor NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 272 29 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 272 30 regulate regulate VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 272 31 whether whether IN cord-275433-58unu79x 272 32 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 272 33 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 272 34 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 272 35 pro pro JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 272 36 - - JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 272 37 survival survival JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 272 38 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 272 39 pro pro JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 272 40 - - JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 272 41 death death JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 272 42 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 272 43 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 272 44 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 272 45 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 273 1 Given give VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 273 2 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 273 3 extensive extensive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 273 4 molecular molecular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 273 5 interplay interplay NN cord-275433-58unu79x 273 6 between between IN cord-275433-58unu79x 273 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 273 8 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 273 9 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 273 10 88 88 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 273 11 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 273 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 273 13 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 273 14 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 273 15 surprising surprising JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 273 16 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 273 17 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 273 18 might may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 273 19 have have VB cord-275433-58unu79x 273 20 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 273 21 dual dual JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 273 22 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 273 23 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 273 24 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 273 25 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 273 26 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 273 27 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 273 28 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 273 29 executing execute VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 273 30 both both CC cord-275433-58unu79x 273 31 life life NN cord-275433-58unu79x 273 32 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 273 33 death death NN cord-275433-58unu79x 273 34 decisions decision NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 273 35 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 274 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-275433-58unu79x 274 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 274 3 there there EX cord-275433-58unu79x 274 4 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 274 5 no no DT cord-275433-58unu79x 274 6 reason reason NN cord-275433-58unu79x 274 7 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 274 8 think think VB cord-275433-58unu79x 274 9 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 274 10 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 274 11 homeostatic homeostatic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 274 12 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 274 13 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 274 14 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 274 15 will will MD cord-275433-58unu79x 274 16 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 274 17 confined confine VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 274 18 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 274 19 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 274 20 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 274 21 ; ; : cord-275433-58unu79x 274 22 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 274 23 research research NN cord-275433-58unu79x 274 24 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 274 25 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 274 26 field field NN cord-275433-58unu79x 274 27 progresses progress VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 274 28 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 274 29 we -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 274 30 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 274 31 likely likely JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 274 32 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 274 33 witness witness VB cord-275433-58unu79x 274 34 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 274 35 unfolding unfolding NN cord-275433-58unu79x 274 36 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 274 37 crucial crucial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 274 38 roles role NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 274 39 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 274 40 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 274 41 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 274 42 maintaining maintain VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 274 43 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 274 44 only only RB cord-275433-58unu79x 274 45 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 274 46 but but CC cord-275433-58unu79x 274 47 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 274 48 proper proper JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 274 49 differentiation differentiation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 274 50 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 274 51 function function NN cord-275433-58unu79x 274 52 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 274 53 other other JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 274 54 populations population NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 274 55 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 274 56 immune immune JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 274 57 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 274 58 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 275 1 An an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 275 2 unexpected unexpected JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 275 3 link link NN cord-275433-58unu79x 275 4 between between IN cord-275433-58unu79x 275 5 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 275 6 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 275 7 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 275 8 removal removal NN cord-275433-58unu79x 275 9 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 275 10 apoptotic apoptotic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 275 11 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 275 12 corpses corpse NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 275 13 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 275 14 recently recently RB cord-275433-58unu79x 275 15 been be VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 275 16 reported report VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 275 17 15 15 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 275 18 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 275 19 which which WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 275 20 raises raise VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 275 21 some some DT cord-275433-58unu79x 275 22 intriguing intriguing JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 275 23 possibilities possibility NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 275 24 about about IN cord-275433-58unu79x 275 25 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 275 26 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 275 27 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 275 28 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 275 29 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 275 30 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 275 31 prevention prevention NN cord-275433-58unu79x 275 32 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 275 33 inflammation inflammation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 275 34 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 275 35 autoimmunity autoimmunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 275 36 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 276 1 Qu Qu NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 276 2 et et NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 276 3 al al NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 276 4 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 277 1 found find VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 277 2 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 277 3 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 277 4 provides provide VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 277 5 apoptotic apoptotic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 277 6 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 277 7 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 277 8 signals signal NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 277 9 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 277 10 ensure ensure VB cord-275433-58unu79x 277 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-275433-58unu79x 277 12 clearance clearance NN cord-275433-58unu79x 277 13 during during IN cord-275433-58unu79x 277 14 programmed programmed JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 277 15 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 277 16 death death NN cord-275433-58unu79x 277 17 15 15 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 277 18 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 278 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 278 2 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 278 3 well well RB cord-275433-58unu79x 278 4 established establish VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 278 5 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 278 6 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 278 7 rapid rapid JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 278 8 removal removal NN cord-275433-58unu79x 278 9 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 278 10 apoptotic apoptotic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 278 11 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 278 12 corpses corpse NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 278 13 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 278 14 crucial crucial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 278 15 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 278 16 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 278 17 prevention prevention NN cord-275433-58unu79x 278 18 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 278 19 tissue tissue NN cord-275433-58unu79x 278 20 inflammation inflammation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 278 21 91 91 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 278 22 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 278 23 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 279 1 indeed indeed RB cord-275433-58unu79x 279 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 279 3 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 279 4 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 279 5 deficient deficient JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 279 6 Atg5 Atg5 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 279 7 -/embryos -/embryos : cord-275433-58unu79x 279 8 have have VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 279 9 increased increase VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 279 10 inflammation inflammation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 279 11 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 279 12 tissues tissue NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 279 13 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 279 14 have have VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 279 15 impaired impair VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 279 16 clearance clearance NN cord-275433-58unu79x 279 17 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 279 18 apoptotic apoptotic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 279 19 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 279 20 15 15 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 279 21 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 280 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-275433-58unu79x 280 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 280 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 280 4 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 280 5 now now RB cord-275433-58unu79x 280 6 believed believe VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 280 7 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 280 8 defective defective JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 280 9 clearance clearance NN cord-275433-58unu79x 280 10 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 280 11 apoptotic apoptotic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 280 12 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 280 13 overcomes overcome VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 280 14 tolerance tolerance NN cord-275433-58unu79x 280 15 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 280 16 self self NN cord-275433-58unu79x 280 17 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 280 18 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 280 19 leads lead VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 280 20 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 280 21 autoimmune autoimmune JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 280 22 diseases disease NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 280 23 such such JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 280 24 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 280 25 systemic systemic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 280 26 lupus lupus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 280 27 erythematosus erythematosus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 280 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 280 29 SLe sle NN cord-275433-58unu79x 280 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 280 31 92 92 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 280 32 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 280 33 93 93 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 280 34 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 281 1 So so RB cord-275433-58unu79x 281 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 281 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 281 4 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 281 5 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 281 6 possible possible JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 281 7 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 281 8 defective defective JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 281 9 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 281 10 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 281 11 contribute contribute VB cord-275433-58unu79x 281 12 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 281 13 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 281 14 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 281 15 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 281 16 SLe sle NN cord-275433-58unu79x 281 17 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 281 18 other other JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 281 19 autoimmune autoimmune JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 281 20 diseases disease NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 281 21 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 282 1 Of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 282 2 great great JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 282 3 interest interest NN cord-275433-58unu79x 282 4 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 282 5 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 282 6 strong strong JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 282 7 genetic genetic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 282 8 link link NN cord-275433-58unu79x 282 9 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 282 10 recently recently RB cord-275433-58unu79x 282 11 been be VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 282 12 uncovered uncover VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 282 13 between between IN cord-275433-58unu79x 282 14 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 282 15 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 282 16 Crohn Crohn NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 282 17 's 's POS cord-275433-58unu79x 282 18 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 282 19 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 282 20 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 282 21 chronic chronic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 282 22 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 282 23 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 282 24 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 282 25 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 282 26 intestine intestine NN cord-275433-58unu79x 282 27 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 283 1 Several several JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 283 2 recent recent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 283 3 genome genome NN cord-275433-58unu79x 283 4 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 283 5 wide wide JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 283 6 scans scan NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 283 7 have have VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 283 8 identified identify VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 283 9 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 283 10 strong strong JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 283 11 association association NN cord-275433-58unu79x 283 12 between between IN cord-275433-58unu79x 283 13 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 283 14 non non JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 283 15 - - JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 283 16 synonymous synonymous JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 283 17 single single JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 283 18 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 283 19 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 283 20 polymorphism polymorphism NN cord-275433-58unu79x 283 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 283 22 SNP SNP NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 283 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 283 24 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 283 25 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 283 26 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 283 27 gene gene NN cord-275433-58unu79x 283 28 ATG16L1 ATG16L1 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 283 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 283 30 T300A T300A NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 283 31 variant variant NN cord-275433-58unu79x 283 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 283 33 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 283 34 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-275433-58unu79x 283 35 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 283 36 Crohn Crohn NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 283 37 's 's POS cord-275433-58unu79x 283 38 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 283 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 283 40 16 16 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 283 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 283 42 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 283 43 17 17 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 283 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 283 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 283 46 18 18 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 283 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 283 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 283 49 19 19 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 283 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 283 51 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 284 1 In in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 284 2 addition addition NN cord-275433-58unu79x 284 3 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 284 4 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 284 5 gene gene NN cord-275433-58unu79x 284 6 encoding encode VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 284 7 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 284 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 284 9 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 284 10 stimulatory stimulatory JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 284 11 GTPase GTPase NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 284 12 IRGM IRGM NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 284 13 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 284 14 been be VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 284 15 identified identify VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 284 16 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 284 17 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 284 18 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-275433-58unu79x 284 19 gene gene NN cord-275433-58unu79x 284 20 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 284 21 Crohn Crohn NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 284 22 's 's POS cord-275433-58unu79x 284 23 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 284 24 20 20 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 284 25 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 285 1 Together together RB cord-275433-58unu79x 285 2 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 285 3 these these DT cord-275433-58unu79x 285 4 studies study NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 285 5 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 285 6 suggestive suggestive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 285 7 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 285 8 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 285 9 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 285 10 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 285 11 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 285 12 dysregulation dysregulation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 285 13 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 285 14 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 285 15 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 285 16 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 285 17 Crohn Crohn NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 285 18 's 's POS cord-275433-58unu79x 285 19 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 285 20 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 286 1 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 286 2 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 286 3 will will MD cord-275433-58unu79x 286 4 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 286 5 strengthened strengthen VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 286 6 if if IN cord-275433-58unu79x 286 7 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 286 8 ATG16L1 atg16l1 JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 286 9 variant variant NN cord-275433-58unu79x 286 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 286 11 T300A T300A NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 286 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 286 13 associated associate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 286 14 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 286 15 Crohn Crohn NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 286 16 's 's POS cord-275433-58unu79x 286 17 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 286 18 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 286 19 found find VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 286 20 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 286 21 lead lead VB cord-275433-58unu79x 286 22 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 286 23 defective defective JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 286 24 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 286 25 function function NN cord-275433-58unu79x 286 26 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 287 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 287 2 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 287 3 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 287 4 yet yet RB cord-275433-58unu79x 287 5 known know VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 287 6 how how WRB cord-275433-58unu79x 287 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 287 8 might may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 287 9 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 287 10 mechanistically mechanistically RB cord-275433-58unu79x 287 11 linked link VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 287 12 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 287 13 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-275433-58unu79x 287 14 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 287 15 Crohn Crohn NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 287 16 's 's POS cord-275433-58unu79x 287 17 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 287 18 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 288 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 288 2 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 288 3 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 288 4 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 288 5 Crohn Crohn NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 288 6 's 's POS cord-275433-58unu79x 288 7 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 288 8 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 288 9 poorly poorly RB cord-275433-58unu79x 288 10 understood understand VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 288 11 but but CC cord-275433-58unu79x 288 12 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 288 13 speculated speculate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 288 14 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 288 15 involve involve VB cord-275433-58unu79x 288 16 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 288 17 dysregulated dysregulate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 288 18 immune immune JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 288 19 response response NN cord-275433-58unu79x 288 20 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 288 21 commensal commensal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 288 22 gut gut NN cord-275433-58unu79x 288 23 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 288 24 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 288 25 possibly possibly RB cord-275433-58unu79x 288 26 defects defect NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 288 27 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 288 28 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 288 29 barrier barrier NN cord-275433-58unu79x 288 30 function function NN cord-275433-58unu79x 288 31 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 288 32 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 288 33 clearance clearance NN cord-275433-58unu79x 288 34 94 94 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 288 35 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 288 36 95 95 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 288 37 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 289 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 289 2 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 289 3 therefore therefore RB cord-275433-58unu79x 289 4 possible possible JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 289 5 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 289 6 defects defect NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 289 7 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 289 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 289 9 lead lead NN cord-275433-58unu79x 289 10 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 289 11 altered alter VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 289 12 clearance clearance NN cord-275433-58unu79x 289 13 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 289 14 and/or and/or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 289 15 altered alter VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 289 16 immune immune JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 289 17 responses response NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 289 18 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 289 19 commensal commensal VB cord-275433-58unu79x 289 20 gut gut NN cord-275433-58unu79x 289 21 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 289 22 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 290 1 Given give VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 290 2 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 290 3 possible possible JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 290 4 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 290 5 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 290 6 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 290 7 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 290 8 peripheral peripheral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 290 9 tolerance tolerance NN cord-275433-58unu79x 290 10 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 290 11 another another DT cord-275433-58unu79x 290 12 speculation speculation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 290 13 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 290 14 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 290 15 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 290 16 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 290 17 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 290 18 setting setting NN cord-275433-58unu79x 290 19 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 290 20 decreased decreased JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 290 21 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 290 22 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 290 23 tolerance tolerance NN cord-275433-58unu79x 290 24 induction induction NN cord-275433-58unu79x 290 25 might may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 290 26 fail fail VB cord-275433-58unu79x 290 27 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 290 28 produce produce VB cord-275433-58unu79x 290 29 gut gut NN cord-275433-58unu79x 290 30 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 290 31 reactive reactive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 290 32 immune immune JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 290 33 responses response NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 290 34 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 291 1 As as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 291 2 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 291 3 intestine intestine NN cord-275433-58unu79x 291 4 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 291 5 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 291 6 site site NN cord-275433-58unu79x 291 7 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 291 8 constant constant JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 291 9 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 291 10 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 291 11 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 291 12 shedding shedding NN cord-275433-58unu79x 291 13 owing owe VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 291 14 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 291 15 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 291 16 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 291 17 regeneration regeneration NN cord-275433-58unu79x 291 18 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 291 19 defective defective JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 291 20 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 291 21 might may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 291 22 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 291 23 contribute contribute VB cord-275433-58unu79x 291 24 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 291 25 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 291 26 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 291 27 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 291 28 this this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 291 29 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 291 30 disorder disorder NN cord-275433-58unu79x 291 31 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 291 32 interfering interfere VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 291 33 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 291 34 apoptotic apoptotic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 291 35 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 291 36 clearance clearance NN cord-275433-58unu79x 291 37 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 292 1 Studies study NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 292 2 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 292 3 targeted target VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 292 4 mutant mutant JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 292 5 mice mouse NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 292 6 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 292 7 conditional conditional JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 292 8 deletions deletion NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 292 9 or or CC cord-275433-58unu79x 292 10 mutations mutation NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 292 11 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 292 12 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 292 13 genes gene NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 292 14 should should MD cord-275433-58unu79x 292 15 help help VB cord-275433-58unu79x 292 16 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 292 17 elucidate elucidate VB cord-275433-58unu79x 292 18 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 292 19 pathogenetic pathogenetic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 292 20 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 292 21 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 292 22 Crohn Crohn NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 292 23 's 's POS cord-275433-58unu79x 292 24 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 292 25 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 293 1 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 293 2 probably probably RB cord-275433-58unu79x 293 3 originated originate VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 293 4 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 293 5 degrade degrade VB cord-275433-58unu79x 293 6 cellular cellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 293 7 constituents constituent NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 293 8 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 293 9 recycle recycle VB cord-275433-58unu79x 293 10 nutrients nutrient NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 293 11 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 293 12 maintain maintain VB cord-275433-58unu79x 293 13 cellular cellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 293 14 survival survival NN cord-275433-58unu79x 293 15 during during IN cord-275433-58unu79x 293 16 starvation starvation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 293 17 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 294 1 Yet yet RB cord-275433-58unu79x 294 2 perhaps perhaps RB cord-275433-58unu79x 294 3 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 294 4 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 294 5 confrontations confrontation NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 294 6 between between IN cord-275433-58unu79x 294 7 primitive primitive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 294 8 eukaryotes eukaryote NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 294 9 such such JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 294 10 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 294 11 amoebae amoebae NN cord-275433-58unu79x 294 12 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 294 13 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 294 14 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 294 15 this this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 294 16 ancient ancient JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 294 17 lysosomal lysosomal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 294 18 degradation degradation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 294 19 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 294 20 evolved evolve VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 294 21 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 294 22 became become VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 294 23 exquisitely exquisitely RB cord-275433-58unu79x 294 24 adapted adapt VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 294 25 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 294 26 orchestrate orchestrate VB cord-275433-58unu79x 294 27 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 294 28 multipronged multipronge VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 294 29 defence defence NN cord-275433-58unu79x 294 30 against against IN cord-275433-58unu79x 294 31 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 294 32 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 294 33 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 295 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 295 2 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 295 3 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 295 4 degrades degrade VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 295 5 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 295 6 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 295 7 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 295 8 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 295 9 delivers deliver VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 295 10 microbial microbial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 295 11 genetic genetic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 295 12 material material NN cord-275433-58unu79x 295 13 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 295 14 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 295 15 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 295 16 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 295 17 necessary necessary JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 295 18 cellular cellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 295 19 compartments compartment NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 295 20 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 295 21 activation activation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 295 22 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 295 23 innate innate JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 295 24 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 295 25 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 295 26 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 295 27 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 296 1 In in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 296 2 addition addition NN cord-275433-58unu79x 296 3 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 296 4 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-275433-58unu79x 296 5 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 296 6 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 296 7 defence defence NN cord-275433-58unu79x 296 8 against against IN cord-275433-58unu79x 296 9 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 296 10 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 296 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 296 12 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 296 13 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 296 14 involved involve VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 296 15 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 296 16 immune immune JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 296 17 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 296 18 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 296 19 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 296 20 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 296 21 potentially potentially RB cord-275433-58unu79x 296 22 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 296 23 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 296 24 preventing prevent VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 296 25 inflammation inflammation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 296 26 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 296 27 autoimmunity autoimmunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 296 28 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 297 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 297 2 journey journey NN cord-275433-58unu79x 297 3 forward forward RB cord-275433-58unu79x 297 4 -in -in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 297 5 deciphering decipher VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 297 6 how how WRB cord-275433-58unu79x 297 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 297 8 executes execute VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 297 9 these these DT cord-275433-58unu79x 297 10 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 297 11 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 297 12 similarly similarly RB cord-275433-58unu79x 297 13 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 297 14 other other JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 297 15 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 297 16 yet yet RB cord-275433-58unu79x 297 17 identified identify VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 297 18 immune immune JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 297 19 functions function NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 298 1 -will -will : cord-275433-58unu79x 298 2 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 298 3 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 298 4 exciting exciting JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 298 5 challenge challenge NN cord-275433-58unu79x 298 6 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 298 7 immunologists immunologist NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 298 8 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 299 1 Note note NN cord-275433-58unu79x 299 2 added add VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 299 3 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 299 4 proof proof NN cord-275433-58unu79x 299 5 while while IN cord-275433-58unu79x 299 6 this this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 299 7 manuscript manuscript NN cord-275433-58unu79x 299 8 was be VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 299 9 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 299 10 press press NN cord-275433-58unu79x 299 11 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 299 12 new new JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 299 13 link link NN cord-275433-58unu79x 299 14 was be VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 299 15 reported report VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 299 16 between between IN cord-275433-58unu79x 299 17 pattern pattern NN cord-275433-58unu79x 299 18 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 299 19 recognition recognition NN cord-275433-58unu79x 299 20 receptors receptor NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 299 21 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 299 22 innate innate JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 299 23 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 299 24 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 299 25 stimulation stimulation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 299 26 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 299 27 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 299 28 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 300 1 Xu Xu NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 300 2 et et NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 300 3 al al NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 300 4 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 301 1 found find VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 301 2 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 301 3 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 301 4 Gram gram NN cord-275433-58unu79x 301 5 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 301 6 negative negative JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 301 7 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 301 8 lipopolysaccharide lipopolysaccharide NN cord-275433-58unu79x 301 9 induces induce VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 301 10 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 301 11 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 301 12 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 301 13 through through IN cord-275433-58unu79x 301 14 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 301 15 TLR4 TLR4 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 301 16 signalling signal VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 301 17 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 301 18 96 96 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 301 19 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 302 1 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 302 2 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 302 3 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 302 4 regulated regulated JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 302 5 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 302 6 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 302 7 cellular cellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 302 8 degradation degradation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 302 9 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 302 10 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 302 11 metazoans metazoans NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 302 12 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 302 13 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 302 14 survival survival NN cord-275433-58unu79x 302 15 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 302 16 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 302 17 land land NN cord-275433-58unu79x 302 18 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 302 19 plenty plenty JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 302 20 Development development NN cord-275433-58unu79x 302 21 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 302 22 selfdigestion selfdigestion NN cord-275433-58unu79x 302 23 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 302 24 molecular molecular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 302 25 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 302 26 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 302 27 biological biological JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 302 28 functions function NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 302 29 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 302 30 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 1 References reference NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 303 2 1 1 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 303 3 - - SYM cord-275433-58unu79x 303 4 4 4 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 303 5 provide provide VB cord-275433-58unu79x 303 6 excellent excellent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 303 7 general general JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 303 8 reviews review NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 303 9 on on IN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 10 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 11 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 303 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-275433-58unu79x 303 13 molecular molecular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 303 14 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 303 15 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 303 16 physiological physiological JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 303 17 functions function NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 303 18 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 303 19 roles role NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 303 20 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 21 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 22 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 303 23 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 24 innate innate JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 303 25 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 303 26 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 303 27 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 28 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 303 29 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 30 innate innate JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 303 31 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 303 32 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 303 33 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 34 against against IN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 35 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 303 36 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 303 37 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 303 38 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 39 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 303 40 immune immune JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 303 41 defense defense NN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 42 mechanism mechanism NN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 43 CD40 CD40 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 303 44 induces induce VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 303 45 macrophage macrophage NN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 46 anti anti JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 303 47 - - JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 303 48 Toxoplasma toxoplasma JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 303 49 gondii gondii NN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 50 activity activity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 51 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 52 triggering trigger VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 303 53 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 54 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 303 55 dependent dependent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 303 56 fusion fusion NN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 57 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 58 pathogencontaining pathogencontaining NN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 59 vacuoles vacuole NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 303 60 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 303 61 lysosomes lysosome NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 303 62 Vacuolar Vacuolar NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 303 63 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 303 64 plasma plasma NN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 65 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 66 stripping strip VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 303 67 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 303 68 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 303 69 elimination elimination NN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 70 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 71 Toxoplasma toxoplasma JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 303 72 gondii gondii NN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 73 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 74 primed prime VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 75 effector effector NN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 76 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 303 77 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 303 78 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 79 innate innate JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 303 80 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 81 against against IN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 82 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 303 83 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 303 84 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 303 85 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 86 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 303 87 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 88 II II NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 303 89 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 90 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 303 91 sampling sampling NN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 92 from from IN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 93 within within IN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 94 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 303 95 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 303 96 dependent dependent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 303 97 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 303 98 recognition recognition NN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 99 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 303 100 plasmacytoid plasmacytoid NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 303 101 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 303 102 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 304 1 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 304 2 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 304 3 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 304 4 landmark landmark NN cord-275433-58unu79x 304 5 paper paper NN cord-275433-58unu79x 304 6 describing describe VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 304 7 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 304 8 new new JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 304 9 function function NN cord-275433-58unu79x 304 10 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 304 11 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 304 12 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 304 13 innate innate JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 304 14 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 304 15 ; ; : cord-275433-58unu79x 304 16 this this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 304 17 paper paper NN cord-275433-58unu79x 304 18 provides provide VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 304 19 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 304 20 first first JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 304 21 evidence evidence NN cord-275433-58unu79x 304 22 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 304 23 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 304 24 autophagic autophagic NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 304 25 machinery machinery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 304 26 delivers deliver VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 304 27 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 304 28 genetic genetic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 304 29 material material NN cord-275433-58unu79x 304 30 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 304 31 endosomal endosomal NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 304 32 TLRs TLRs NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 305 1 A a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 305 2 critical critical JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 305 3 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 305 4 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 305 5 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 305 6 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 305 7 gene gene NN cord-275433-58unu79x 305 8 Atg5 atg5 RB cord-275433-58unu79x 305 9 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 305 10 T T NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 305 11 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 305 12 survival survival NN cord-275433-58unu79x 305 13 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 305 14 proliferation proliferation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 305 15 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 305 16 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 305 17 induced induce VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 305 18 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 305 19 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 305 20 + + CC cord-275433-58unu79x 305 21 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 305 22 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 305 23 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 305 24 important important JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 305 25 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 305 26 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 305 27 growth growth NN cord-275433-58unu79x 305 28 factor factor NN cord-275433-58unu79x 305 29 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 305 30 withdrawal withdrawal NN cord-275433-58unu79x 305 31 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 305 32 death death NN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 1 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 306 2 paper paper NN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 3 describes describe VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 306 4 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 306 5 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 6 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 306 7 autonomous autonomous JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 306 8 essential essential JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 306 9 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 10 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 11 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 12 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 13 generating generate VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 306 14 signals signal NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 306 15 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 16 apoptotic apoptotic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 306 17 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 18 corpse corpse NN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 19 removal removal NN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 20 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 306 21 raising raise VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 306 22 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 306 23 possibility possibility NN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 24 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 25 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 26 may may MD cord-275433-58unu79x 306 27 help help VB cord-275433-58unu79x 306 28 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 306 29 prevent prevent VB cord-275433-58unu79x 306 30 inflammation inflammation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 31 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 306 32 autoimmunity autoimmunity IN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 33 A a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 306 34 genome genome NN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 35 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 306 36 wide wide JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 306 37 association association NN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 38 scan scan NN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 39 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 40 nonsynonymous nonsynonymous NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 306 41 SNPs SNPs NNPS cord-275433-58unu79x 306 42 identifies identify VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 306 43 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 306 44 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 45 variant variant NN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 46 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 47 Crohn Crohn NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 306 48 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 49 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 50 ATG16L1 ATG16L1 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 306 51 Genome Genome NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 306 52 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 306 53 wide wide JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 306 54 association association NN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 55 study study NN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 56 identifies identify VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 306 57 new new JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 306 58 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 59 loci locus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 306 60 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 61 Crohn Crohn NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 306 62 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 63 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 306 64 implicates implicate VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 306 65 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 66 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 67 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 306 68 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 307 1 A a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 307 2 nonsynonymous nonsynonymous JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 307 3 SNP SNP NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 307 4 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 307 5 ATG16L atg16l NN cord-275433-58unu79x 307 6 predisposes predispose VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 307 7 to to TO cord-275433-58unu79x 307 8 ileal ileal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 307 9 Crohn Crohn NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 307 10 's 's POS cord-275433-58unu79x 307 11 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 307 12 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 307 13 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 307 14 independent independent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 307 15 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 307 16 CARD15 CARD15 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 307 17 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 307 18 IBD5 IBD5 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 307 19 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 307 20 Wellcome Wellcome NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 307 21 Trust Trust NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 307 22 Case Case NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 307 23 Control Control NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 307 24 Consortium Consortium NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 307 25 Genome Genome NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 307 26 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 307 27 wide wide JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 307 28 association association NN cord-275433-58unu79x 307 29 study study NN cord-275433-58unu79x 307 30 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 307 31 14,000 14,000 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 307 32 cases case NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 307 33 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 307 34 seven seven CD cord-275433-58unu79x 307 35 common common JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 307 36 diseases disease NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 307 37 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 307 38 3,000 3,000 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 307 39 shared share VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 307 40 controls control NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 308 1 References reference NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 308 2 15 15 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 308 3 - - SYM cord-275433-58unu79x 308 4 20 20 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 308 5 provide provide VB cord-275433-58unu79x 308 6 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 308 7 first first JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 308 8 genetic genetic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 308 9 evidence evidence NN cord-275433-58unu79x 308 10 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 308 11 human human JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 308 12 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 308 13 genes gene NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 308 14 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 308 15 linked link VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 308 16 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 308 17 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-275433-58unu79x 308 18 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 308 19 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 308 20 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 308 21 Regulation regulation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 308 22 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 308 23 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 308 24 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 308 25 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 308 26 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 308 27 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 308 28 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 309 1 References reference NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 309 2 21 21 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 309 3 - - SYM cord-275433-58unu79x 309 4 22 22 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 309 5 provide provide VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 309 6 excellent excellent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 309 7 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 309 8 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 309 9 reviews review NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 309 10 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 309 11 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 309 12 signalling signal VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 309 13 pathways pathway NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 309 14 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 309 15 regulate regulate VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 309 16 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 309 17 hVps34 hvps34 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 310 1 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 311 1 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 311 2 nutrient nutrient NN cord-275433-58unu79x 311 3 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 311 4 regulated regulate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 311 5 lipid lipid NN cord-275433-58unu79x 311 6 kinase kinase NN cord-275433-58unu79x 311 7 required require VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 311 8 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 311 9 activation activation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 311 10 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 311 11 p70 p70 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 311 12 S6 S6 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 311 13 kinase kinase NN cord-275433-58unu79x 311 14 Amino Amino NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 311 15 acids acid NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 311 16 mediate mediate VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 311 17 mTOR mtor NN cord-275433-58unu79x 311 18 / / SYM cord-275433-58unu79x 311 19 raptor raptor NN cord-275433-58unu79x 311 20 signaling signal VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 311 21 through through IN cord-275433-58unu79x 311 22 activation activation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 311 23 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 311 24 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 311 25 3 3 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 311 26 phosphatidylinositol phosphatidylinositol JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 311 27 3OH 3OH NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 311 28 - - : cord-275433-58unu79x 311 29 kinase kinase VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 311 30 Beclin Beclin NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 311 31 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 311 32 phosphatidylinositol phosphatidylinositol JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 311 33 3-kinase 3-kinase CD cord-275433-58unu79x 311 34 complex complex JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 311 35 functions function NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 311 36 at at IN cord-275433-58unu79x 311 37 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 311 38 trans trans NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 311 39 - - NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 311 40 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 311 41 network network NN cord-275433-58unu79x 311 42 Autophagic Autophagic NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 311 43 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 311 44 tumour tumour NN cord-275433-58unu79x 311 45 suppressor suppressor NN cord-275433-58unu79x 311 46 activity activity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 311 47 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 311 48 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 311 49 novel novel JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 311 50 Beclin Beclin NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 311 51 1-binding 1-binding CD cord-275433-58unu79x 312 1 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 312 2 UVRAG UVRAG NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 312 3 Ambra1 Ambra1 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 312 4 regulates regulate VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 312 5 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 312 6 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 312 7 development development NN cord-275433-58unu79x 312 8 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 312 9 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 312 10 nervous nervous JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 312 11 system system NN cord-275433-58unu79x 313 1 Bcl-2 Bcl-2 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 313 2 antiapoptotic antiapoptotic NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 313 3 proteins protein NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 313 4 inhibit inhibit VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 313 5 Beclin Beclin NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 314 1 1-dependent 1-dependent CD cord-275433-58unu79x 314 2 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 314 3 TOR TOR NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 314 4 signaling signal VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 314 5 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 314 6 growth growth NN cord-275433-58unu79x 314 7 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 314 8 metabolism metabolism NN cord-275433-58unu79x 314 9 3-Methyladenine 3-methyladenine CD cord-275433-58unu79x 314 10 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 315 1 specific specific JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 315 2 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-275433-58unu79x 315 3 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 315 4 autophagic autophagic NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 315 5 / / SYM cord-275433-58unu79x 315 6 lysosomal lysosomal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 315 7 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 315 8 degradation degradation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 315 9 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 315 10 isolated isolate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 315 11 rat rat NN cord-275433-58unu79x 315 12 hepatocytes hepatocyte NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 316 1 A a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 316 2 unified unified JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 316 3 nomenclature nomenclature NN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 4 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 5 yeast yeast NN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 6 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 7 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 316 8 related relate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 9 genes gene NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 316 10 Molecular molecular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 316 11 dissection dissection NN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 12 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 13 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 14 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 316 15 two two CD cord-275433-58unu79x 316 16 ubiquitin ubiquitin JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 316 17 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 316 18 like like JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 316 19 systems system NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 316 20 Autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 21 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 316 22 molecular molecular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 316 23 machinery machinery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 24 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 25 self self NN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 26 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 316 27 eating eat VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 316 28 Molecular molecular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 316 29 machinery machinery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 30 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 31 autophagosome autophagosome JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 316 32 formation formation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 33 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 34 yeast yeast NN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 35 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 316 36 Saccharomyces Saccharomyces NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 316 37 cerevisiae cerevisiae VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 316 38 p62 p62 NN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 39 / / SYM cord-275433-58unu79x 316 40 SQSTM1 sqstm1 NN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 41 forms form VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 316 42 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 43 aggregates aggregate NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 316 44 degraded degrade VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 45 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 46 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 47 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 316 48 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 316 49 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 316 50 protective protective JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 316 51 effect effect NN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 52 on on IN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 53 huntingtin huntingtin NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 316 54 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 316 55 induced induce VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 56 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 57 death death NN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 58 Glycogen Glycogen NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 316 59 autophagosomes autophagosomes VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 316 60 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 61 polymorphonuclear polymorphonuclear JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 316 62 leukocytes leukocyte NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 316 63 induced induce VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 64 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 316 65 rickettsiae rickettsiae NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 317 1 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 317 2 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 317 3 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 317 4 excellent excellent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 317 5 review review NN cord-275433-58unu79x 317 6 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 317 7 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 317 8 complex complex JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 317 9 relationships relationship NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 317 10 between between IN cord-275433-58unu79x 317 11 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 317 12 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 317 13 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 317 14 Eating eat VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 317 15 oneself oneself PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 317 16 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 317 17 uninvited uninvited JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 317 18 guests guest NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 317 19 ; ; : cord-275433-58unu79x 317 20 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 317 21 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 317 22 related relate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 317 23 pathways pathway NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 317 24 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 317 25 cellular cellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 317 26 defense defense NN cord-275433-58unu79x 317 27 Role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 317 28 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 317 29 phosphatidylinositol phosphatidylinositol JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 317 30 3-kinase 3-kinase CD cord-275433-58unu79x 317 31 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 317 32 Rab5 Rab5 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 317 33 effectors effector NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 317 34 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 317 35 phagosomal phagosomal NN cord-275433-58unu79x 317 36 biogenesis biogenesis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 317 37 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 317 38 mycobacterial mycobacterial NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 317 39 phagosome phagosome NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 317 40 maturation maturation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 317 41 arrest arrest NN cord-275433-58unu79x 317 42 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 317 43 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 317 44 phagosome phagosome NN cord-275433-58unu79x 317 45 maturation maturation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 317 46 arrest arrest NN cord-275433-58unu79x 317 47 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 317 48 selective selective JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 317 49 targeting targeting NN cord-275433-58unu79x 317 50 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 317 51 PI3P pi3p JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 317 52 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 317 53 dependent dependent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 317 54 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 317 55 trafficking traffic VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 317 56 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 317 57 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 317 58 phagosome phagosome NN cord-275433-58unu79x 317 59 maturation maturation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 317 60 arrest arrest NN cord-275433-58unu79x 317 61 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 318 1 mycobacterial mycobacterial NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 318 2 phosphatidylinositol phosphatidylinositol NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 318 3 analog analog NN cord-275433-58unu79x 318 4 phosphatidylinositol phosphatidylinositol JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 318 5 mannoside mannoside NN cord-275433-58unu79x 318 6 stimulates stimulate VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 319 1 early early RB cord-275433-58unu79x 319 2 endosomal endosomal NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 319 3 fusion fusion NN cord-275433-58unu79x 319 4 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 319 5 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 319 6 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 319 7 defense defense NN cord-275433-58unu79x 319 8 mechanism mechanism NN cord-275433-58unu79x 319 9 inhibiting inhibit VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 319 10 BCG BCG NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 319 11 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 319 12 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 319 13 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 319 14 survival survival NN cord-275433-58unu79x 319 15 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 319 16 infected infected JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 319 17 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 319 18 Escape Escape NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 319 19 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 319 20 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 319 21 Shigella Shigella NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 319 22 from from IN cord-275433-58unu79x 319 23 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 319 24 References reference NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 319 25 42 42 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 319 26 - - SYM cord-275433-58unu79x 319 27 44 44 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 319 28 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 319 29 landmark landmark NN cord-275433-58unu79x 319 30 papers paper NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 319 31 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 319 32 formed form VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 319 33 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 319 34 foundation foundation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 319 35 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 319 36 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 319 37 principle principle NN cord-275433-58unu79x 319 38 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 319 39 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 319 40 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 319 41 important important JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 319 42 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 319 43 defence defence NN cord-275433-58unu79x 319 44 against against IN cord-275433-58unu79x 319 45 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 319 46 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 319 47 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 319 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 319 49 such such JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 319 50 as as IN cord-275433-58unu79x 319 51 M. M. NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 319 52 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 319 53 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 319 54 Shigella Shigella NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 319 55 spp spp NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 319 56 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 319 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 319 58 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 319 59 extracellular extracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 319 60 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 319 61 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 319 62 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 319 63 invade invade VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 319 64 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 319 65 cytosol cytosol NN cord-275433-58unu79x 320 1 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 320 2 paper paper NN cord-275433-58unu79x 320 3 identified identify VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 320 4 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 320 5 important important JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 320 6 signalling signalling NN cord-275433-58unu79x 320 7 mechanism mechanism NN cord-275433-58unu79x 320 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 320 9 involving involve VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 320 10 IRGM IRGM NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 320 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 320 12 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 320 13 activates activate VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 320 14 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 320 15 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 320 16 dependent dependent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 320 17 control control NN cord-275433-58unu79x 320 18 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 320 19 mycobacteria mycobacterium NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 320 20 Cytoplasmic Cytoplasmic NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 320 21 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 320 22 can can MD cord-275433-58unu79x 320 23 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 320 24 targets target NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 320 25 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 320 26 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 321 1 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 321 2 limits limit VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 321 3 Listeria Listeria NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 321 4 monocytogenes monocytogenes NN cord-275433-58unu79x 321 5 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 321 6 growth growth NN cord-275433-58unu79x 321 7 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 321 8 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 321 9 early early JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 321 10 phase phase NN cord-275433-58unu79x 321 11 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 321 12 primary primary JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 321 13 infection infection NN cord-275433-58unu79x 322 1 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 322 2 controls control VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 322 3 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 322 4 infection infection NN cord-275433-58unu79x 322 5 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 322 6 response response NN cord-275433-58unu79x 322 7 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 322 8 damage damage NN cord-275433-58unu79x 322 9 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 322 10 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 322 11 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 322 12 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 322 13 containing contain VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 322 14 vacuole vacuole NN cord-275433-58unu79x 322 15 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 322 16 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 322 17 mediated mediate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 322 18 reentry reentry NN cord-275433-58unu79x 322 19 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 322 20 Francisella Francisella NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 322 21 tularensis tularensis NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 322 22 into into IN cord-275433-58unu79x 322 23 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 322 24 endocytic endocytic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 322 25 compartment compartment NN cord-275433-58unu79x 322 26 after after IN cord-275433-58unu79x 322 27 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 322 28 replication replication NN cord-275433-58unu79x 322 29 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 322 30 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 322 31 mediated mediate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 322 32 clearance clearance NN cord-275433-58unu79x 322 33 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 322 34 huntingtin huntingtin NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 322 35 aggregates aggregate NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 322 36 triggered trigger VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 322 37 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 322 38 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 322 39 insulin insulin NN cord-275433-58unu79x 322 40 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 322 41 signaling signal VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 322 42 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 322 43 Intracellular Intracellular NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 322 44 survival survival NN cord-275433-58unu79x 322 45 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 322 46 Shigella Shigella NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 323 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 323 2 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-275433-58unu79x 323 3 ligase ligase NN cord-275433-58unu79x 323 4 Cbl Cbl NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 323 5 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 323 6 b b NN cord-275433-58unu79x 323 7 limits limit VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 323 8 Pseudomonas Pseudomonas NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 323 9 aeruginosa aeruginosa NN cord-275433-58unu79x 324 1 exotoxin exotoxin NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 324 2 T T NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 324 3 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 324 4 mediated mediate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 324 5 virulence virulence NN cord-275433-58unu79x 324 6 NF nf NN cord-275433-58unu79x 324 7 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 324 8 κB κb CD cord-275433-58unu79x 324 9 activation activation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 324 10 represses repress VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 324 11 tumor tumor NN cord-275433-58unu79x 324 12 necrosis necrosis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 324 13 factor factor NN cord-275433-58unu79x 324 14 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 324 15 α α NN cord-275433-58unu79x 324 16 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 324 17 induced induce VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 324 18 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 324 19 Reactive reactive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 324 20 oxygen oxygen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 324 21 species specie NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 324 22 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 324 23 essential essential JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 324 24 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 324 25 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 324 26 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 324 27 specifically specifically RB cord-275433-58unu79x 324 28 regulate regulate VB cord-275433-58unu79x 324 29 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 324 30 activity activity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 324 31 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 324 32 Atg4 Atg4 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 324 33 PKR PKR NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 324 34 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 324 35 dependent dependent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 324 36 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 324 37 degradation degradation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 324 38 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 324 39 herpes herpes NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 324 40 simplex simplex NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 324 41 virus virus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 324 42 type type NN cord-275433-58unu79x 324 43 1 1 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 324 44 Subversion subversion NN cord-275433-58unu79x 324 45 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 324 46 cellular cellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 324 47 autophagosomal autophagosomal NN cord-275433-58unu79x 324 48 machinery machinery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 324 49 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 324 50 RNA RNA NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 324 51 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 325 1 References reference NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 325 2 56 56 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 325 3 - - SYM cord-275433-58unu79x 325 4 57 57 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 325 5 indicate indicate VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 325 6 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 325 7 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 325 8 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 325 9 components component NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 325 10 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 325 11 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 325 12 autophagic autophagic NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 325 13 machinery machinery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 325 14 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 325 15 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 325 16 establishment establishment NN cord-275433-58unu79x 325 17 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 325 18 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 325 19 replication replication NN cord-275433-58unu79x 325 20 complexes complex NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 325 21 COPI COPI NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 325 22 activity activity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 325 23 coupled couple VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 325 24 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 325 25 fatty fatty JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 325 26 acid acid NN cord-275433-58unu79x 325 27 biosynthesis biosynthesis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 325 28 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 325 29 required require VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 325 30 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 325 31 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 325 32 replication replication NN cord-275433-58unu79x 326 1 Cellular cellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 326 2 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 326 3 machinery machinery NN cord-275433-58unu79x 326 4 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 326 5 not not RB cord-275433-58unu79x 326 6 required require VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 326 7 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 326 8 vaccinia vaccinia NN cord-275433-58unu79x 326 9 virus virus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 326 10 replication replication NN cord-275433-58unu79x 326 11 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 326 12 maturation maturation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 327 1 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 327 2 paper paper NN cord-275433-58unu79x 327 3 provided provide VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 327 4 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 327 5 first first JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 327 6 demonstration demonstration NN cord-275433-58unu79x 327 7 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 327 8 loss loss NN cord-275433-58unu79x 327 9 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 327 10 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 327 11 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 327 12 function function NN cord-275433-58unu79x 327 13 mutations mutation NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 327 14 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 327 15 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 327 16 genes gene NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 327 17 increases increase VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 327 18 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-275433-58unu79x 327 19 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 327 20 microbial microbial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 327 21 infection infection NN cord-275433-58unu79x 327 22 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 327 23 vivo vivo NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 327 24 Protection Protection NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 327 25 against against IN cord-275433-58unu79x 327 26 fatal fatal JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 327 27 Sindbis Sindbis NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 327 28 virus virus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 327 29 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-275433-58unu79x 327 30 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 327 31 Beclin Beclin NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 327 32 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 327 33 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 327 34 novel novel NN cord-275433-58unu79x 327 35 Bcl-2-interacting Bcl-2-interacting NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 327 36 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 1 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 328 2 paper paper NN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 3 provided provide VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 328 4 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 328 5 first first JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 328 6 evidence evidence NN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 7 suggesting suggest VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 328 8 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 9 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 10 inhibition inhibition NN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 11 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 328 12 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 328 13 mechanism mechanism NN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 14 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 15 which which WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 328 16 viruses virus NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 328 17 evade evade VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 328 18 innate innate JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 328 19 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 20 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 328 21 cause cause VB cord-275433-58unu79x 328 22 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 23 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 328 24 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 25 Immunity Immunity NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 328 26 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 328 27 Infection infection NN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 28 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 328 29 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 328 30 novel novel JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 328 31 immune immune NN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 32 effector effector NN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 33 Innate Innate NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 328 34 immune immune JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 328 35 recognition recognition NN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 36 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 37 viral viral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 328 38 infection infection NN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 39 Toll toll NN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 40 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 328 41 like like JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 328 42 receptor receptor NN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 43 9-mediated 9-mediated CD cord-275433-58unu79x 328 44 recognition recognition NN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 45 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 46 herpes herpes NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 328 47 simplex simplex NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 328 48 virus-2 virus-2 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 328 49 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 50 plasmacytoid plasmacytoid NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 328 51 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 328 52 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 328 53 Excessive excessive JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 328 54 degradation degradation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 55 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 56 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 328 57 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 58 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 59 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 328 60 prevents prevent VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 328 61 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 62 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 63 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 328 64 context context NN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 65 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 66 major major JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 328 67 histocompatibility histocompatibility NN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 68 complex complex JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 328 69 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 328 70 II ii CD cord-275433-58unu79x 328 71 molecules molecule NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 329 1 Major major JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 329 2 histocompatibility histocompatibility NN cord-275433-58unu79x 329 3 complex complex JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 329 4 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 329 5 II ii NN cord-275433-58unu79x 329 6 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 329 7 restricted restrict VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 329 8 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 329 9 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 329 10 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 329 11 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 329 12 antigen antigen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 329 13 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 329 14 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 329 15 Processing processing NN cord-275433-58unu79x 329 16 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 329 17 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 329 18 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 329 19 HLA HLA NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 329 20 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 329 21 I i NN cord-275433-58unu79x 329 22 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 329 23 II II NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 329 24 epitopes epitope NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 329 25 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 329 26 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 329 27 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 329 28 after after IN cord-275433-58unu79x 329 29 transfection transfection NN cord-275433-58unu79x 329 30 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 329 31 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 330 1 vitro vitro FW cord-275433-58unu79x 330 2 - - : cord-275433-58unu79x 330 3 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 330 4 MUC1 MUC1 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 330 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 330 6 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 330 7 promotes promote VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 330 8 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 330 9 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 330 10 II II NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 330 11 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 330 12 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 330 13 peptides peptide NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 330 14 from from IN cord-275433-58unu79x 330 15 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 330 16 source source NN cord-275433-58unu79x 330 17 proteins protein NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 331 1 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 331 2 paper paper NN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 3 provided provide VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 331 4 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 331 5 first first JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 331 6 genetic genetic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 331 7 evidence evidence NN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 8 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 331 9 autophagy autophagy VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 331 10 components component NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 331 11 can can MD cord-275433-58unu79x 331 12 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 331 13 required require VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 14 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 15 efficient efficient JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 331 16 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 331 17 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 18 II II NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 331 19 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 20 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 21 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 331 22 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 331 23 antigen antigen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 24 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 331 25 paper paper NN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 26 describes describe VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 331 27 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 331 28 characterization characterization NN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 29 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 30 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 331 31 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 32 reporter reporter NN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 33 mice mouse NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 331 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 331 35 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 331 36 tool tool NN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 37 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 331 38 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 331 39 greatly greatly RB cord-275433-58unu79x 331 40 facilitated facilitate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 41 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 331 42 study study NN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 43 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 44 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 45 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 46 vivo vivo NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 331 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 331 48 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 331 49 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 331 50 presence presence NN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 51 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 52 high high JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 331 53 levels level NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 331 54 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 55 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 56 A a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 331 57 role role NN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 58 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 59 intercellular intercellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 331 60 antigen antigen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 61 transfer transfer NN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 62 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 63 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 331 64 recognition recognition NN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 65 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 66 EBV EBV NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 331 67 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 331 68 transformed transform VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 69 B b NN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 70 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 71 lines line NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 331 72 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 73 EBV EBV NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 331 74 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 331 75 antigen antigen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 76 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 331 77 specific specific JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 331 78 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 331 79 + + CC cord-275433-58unu79x 331 80 T t NN cord-275433-58unu79x 331 81 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 332 1 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 332 2 paper paper NN cord-275433-58unu79x 332 3 provided provide VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 332 4 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 332 5 first first JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 332 6 evidence evidence NN cord-275433-58unu79x 332 7 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 332 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 332 9 occurs occur VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 332 10 constitutively constitutively RB cord-275433-58unu79x 332 11 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 332 12 antigenpresenting antigenpresente VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 332 13 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 332 14 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 332 15 also also RB cord-275433-58unu79x 332 16 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 332 17 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 332 18 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 332 19 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 332 20 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 332 21 influenza influenza NN cord-275433-58unu79x 332 22 virus virus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 332 23 antigen antigen NN cord-275433-58unu79x 332 24 can can MD cord-275433-58unu79x 332 25 be be VB cord-275433-58unu79x 332 26 enhanced enhance VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 332 27 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 332 28 specifically specifically RB cord-275433-58unu79x 332 29 targeting target VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 332 30 it -PRON- PRP cord-275433-58unu79x 332 31 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 332 32 autophagosomes autophagosomes NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 332 33 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 333 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 333 2 latter latter JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 333 3 finding finding NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 4 has have VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 333 5 important important JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 333 6 implications implication NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 333 7 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 8 vaccine vaccine NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 9 design design NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 10 Chaperone chaperone NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 11 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 333 12 mediated mediate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 13 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 14 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 15 aging age VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 333 16 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 333 17 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 18 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 333 19 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 333 20 many many JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 333 21 paths path NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 333 22 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 23 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 333 24 same same JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 333 25 end end NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 26 Lamp-2a lamp-2a NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 27 facilitates facilitate VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 333 28 MHC MHC NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 333 29 class class NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 30 II II NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 333 31 presentation presentation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 32 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 33 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 333 34 antigens antigen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 333 35 This this DT cord-275433-58unu79x 333 36 paper paper NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 37 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 333 38 that that IN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 39 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 333 40 IFN IFN NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 333 41 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 333 42 inducible inducible JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 333 43 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 333 44 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 333 45 signalling signalling NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 46 molecule molecule NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 47 PKR PKR NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 333 48 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 333 49 required require VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 50 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 51 virus virus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 52 DAP dap NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 53 kinase kinase NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 54 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 333 55 DRP-1 DRP-1 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 333 56 mediate mediate VB cord-275433-58unu79x 333 57 membrane membrane NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 58 blebbing blebbing NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 59 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 333 60 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 333 61 formation formation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 62 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 63 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 333 64 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 333 65 during during IN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 66 programmed programmed JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 333 67 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 68 death death NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 69 Essential essential JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 333 70 roles role NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 333 71 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 72 Atg5 Atg5 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 333 73 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 333 74 FADD FADD NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 333 75 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 76 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 333 77 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 78 death death NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 79 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 333 80 dissection dissection NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 81 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 82 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 333 83 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 84 death death NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 85 into into IN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 86 vacuole vacuole NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 87 formation formation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 88 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 333 89 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 333 90 death death NN cord-275433-58unu79x 334 1 Insulin insulin NN cord-275433-58unu79x 334 2 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 334 3 like like JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 334 4 growth growth NN cord-275433-58unu79x 334 5 factor-1 factor-1 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 334 6 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 334 7 TNF TNF NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 334 8 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 334 9 α α NN cord-275433-58unu79x 334 10 regulate regulate VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 334 11 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 334 12 through through IN cord-275433-58unu79x 334 13 c c NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 334 14 - - : cord-275433-58unu79x 334 15 jun jun NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 334 16 N N NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 334 17 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 334 18 terminal terminal NN cord-275433-58unu79x 334 19 kinase kinase NN cord-275433-58unu79x 334 20 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 334 21 Akt Akt NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 334 22 pathways pathway NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 334 23 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 334 24 human human JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 334 25 atherosclerotic atherosclerotic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 334 26 vascular vascular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 334 27 smooth smooth JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 334 28 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 334 29 CD40-TRAF6 CD40-TRAF6 NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 334 30 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 334 31 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 334 32 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 334 33 dependent dependent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 334 34 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 334 35 activity activity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 334 36 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 334 37 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 334 38 Activation activation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 334 39 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 334 40 phosphatidylinositol phosphatidylinositol JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 334 41 3-kinase 3-kinase CD cord-275433-58unu79x 334 42 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 334 43 interleukin-13 interleukin-13 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 334 44 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 335 1 An an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 335 2 inhibitory inhibitory JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 335 3 signal signal NN cord-275433-58unu79x 335 4 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 335 5 inducible inducible JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 335 6 nitric nitric JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 335 7 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 335 8 oxide oxide NN cord-275433-58unu79x 335 9 synthase synthase NN cord-275433-58unu79x 335 10 expression expression NN cord-275433-58unu79x 335 11 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 335 12 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 335 13 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 335 14 line line NN cord-275433-58unu79x 335 15 HT-29 HT-29 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 336 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 336 2 tumor tumor NN cord-275433-58unu79x 336 3 suppressor suppressor NN cord-275433-58unu79x 336 4 PTEN PTEN NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 336 5 positively positively RB cord-275433-58unu79x 336 6 regulates regulate VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 336 7 macroautophagy macroautophagy NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 336 8 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 336 9 inhibiting inhibit VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 336 10 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 336 11 phosphatidylinositol phosphatidylinositol JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 336 12 3-kinase 3-kinase CD cord-275433-58unu79x 336 13 / / SYM cord-275433-58unu79x 336 14 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 336 15 kinase kinase NN cord-275433-58unu79x 336 16 B B NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 336 17 pathway pathway NN cord-275433-58unu79x 336 18 Distinct distinct JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 336 19 classes class NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 336 20 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 336 21 phosphatidylinositol phosphatidylinositol JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 336 22 3′-kinases 3′-kinases CD cord-275433-58unu79x 336 23 are be VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 336 24 involved involve VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 336 25 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 336 26 signaling signal VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 336 27 pathways pathway NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 336 28 that that WDT cord-275433-58unu79x 336 29 control control VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 336 30 macroautophagy macroautophagy NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 336 31 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 336 32 HT-29 HT-29 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 336 33 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 337 1 Molecular molecular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 337 2 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 337 3 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 337 4 interferon interferon NN cord-275433-58unu79x 337 5 resistance resistance NN cord-275433-58unu79x 337 6 mediated mediate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 337 7 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 337 8 viral viral RB cord-275433-58unu79x 337 9 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 337 10 directed direct VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 337 11 inhibition inhibition NN cord-275433-58unu79x 337 12 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 337 13 PKR PKR NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 337 14 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 337 15 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 337 16 interferon interferon NN cord-275433-58unu79x 337 17 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 337 18 induced induce VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 337 19 protein protein NN cord-275433-58unu79x 337 20 kinase kinase NN cord-275433-58unu79x 337 21 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 337 22 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 337 23 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 337 24 effector effector NN cord-275433-58unu79x 337 25 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 337 26 Th1-Th2 Th1-Th2 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 337 27 polarization polarization NN cord-275433-58unu79x 337 28 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 337 29 Th2 th2 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 337 30 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 337 31 inhibit inhibit VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 337 32 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 337 33 control control NN cord-275433-58unu79x 337 34 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 337 35 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 337 36 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 337 37 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 337 38 p47 p47 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 337 39 GTPases gtpase NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 337 40 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 338 1 regulators regulator NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 338 2 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 338 3 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 338 4 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 338 5 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 338 6 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 338 7 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 338 8 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 338 9 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 338 10 death death NN cord-275433-58unu79x 338 11 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 338 12 an an DT cord-275433-58unu79x 338 13 innocent innocent JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 338 14 convict convict NN cord-275433-58unu79x 338 15 ? ? . cord-275433-58unu79x 339 1 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 339 2 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 339 3 paying pay VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 339 4 Charon Charon NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 339 5 's 's POS cord-275433-58unu79x 339 6 toll toll NN cord-275433-58unu79x 339 7 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 339 8 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 339 9 involved involve VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 339 10 in in IN cord-275433-58unu79x 339 11 T T NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 339 12 cell cell NN cord-275433-58unu79x 339 13 death death NN cord-275433-58unu79x 339 14 after after IN cord-275433-58unu79x 339 15 binding bind VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 339 16 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 339 17 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 339 18 envelope envelope NN cord-275433-58unu79x 339 19 proteins protein NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 339 20 to to IN cord-275433-58unu79x 339 21 CXCR4 cxcr4 XX cord-275433-58unu79x 339 22 Phagocytosis Phagocytosis NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 339 23 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 339 24 apoptotic apoptotic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 339 25 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 339 26 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 339 27 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 339 28 resolution resolution NN cord-275433-58unu79x 339 29 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 339 30 inflammation inflammation NN cord-275433-58unu79x 339 31 Removal removal NN cord-275433-58unu79x 339 32 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 339 33 dying die VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 339 34 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 339 35 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 339 36 systemic systemic JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 339 37 lupus lupus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 340 1 erythematosus erythematosus NN cord-275433-58unu79x 341 1 Inefficient inefficient JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 341 2 clearance clearance NN cord-275433-58unu79x 341 3 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 341 4 dying die VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 341 5 cells cell NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 341 6 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 341 7 autoreactivity autoreactivity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 341 8 Mechanisms Mechanisms NNPS cord-275433-58unu79x 341 9 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 341 10 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 341 11 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 341 12 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 342 1 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 342 2 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 342 3 Crohn Crohn NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 342 4 's 's POS cord-275433-58unu79x 342 5 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 342 6 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 342 7 ulcerative ulcerative JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 342 8 colitis colitis NN cord-275433-58unu79x 342 9 Inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 342 10 bowel bowel NN cord-275433-58unu79x 342 11 disease disease NN cord-275433-58unu79x 342 12 : : : cord-275433-58unu79x 342 13 cause cause VB cord-275433-58unu79x 342 14 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 342 15 immunobiology immunobiology NN cord-275433-58unu79x 343 1 Toll toll NN cord-275433-58unu79x 343 2 - - HYPH cord-275433-58unu79x 343 3 like like JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 343 4 receptor receptor NN cord-275433-58unu79x 343 5 4 4 CD cord-275433-58unu79x 343 6 is be VBZ cord-275433-58unu79x 343 7 a a DT cord-275433-58unu79x 343 8 sensor sensor NN cord-275433-58unu79x 343 9 for for IN cord-275433-58unu79x 343 10 autophagy autophagy NN cord-275433-58unu79x 343 11 associated associate VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 343 12 with with IN cord-275433-58unu79x 343 13 innate innate JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 343 14 immunity immunity NN cord-275433-58unu79x 344 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 344 2 original original JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 344 3 work work NN cord-275433-58unu79x 344 4 from from IN cord-275433-58unu79x 344 5 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 344 6 authors author NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 344 7 ' ' POS cord-275433-58unu79x 344 8 laboratories laboratory NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 344 9 was be VBD cord-275433-58unu79x 344 10 supported support VBN cord-275433-58unu79x 344 11 by by IN cord-275433-58unu79x 344 12 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 344 13 National National NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 344 14 Institutes Institutes NNPS cord-275433-58unu79x 344 15 of of IN cord-275433-58unu79x 344 16 Health Health NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 344 17 , , , cord-275433-58unu79x 344 18 USA USA NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 344 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 344 20 V.D. V.D. NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 344 21 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 344 22 B.L. B.L. NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 344 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 344 24 and and CC cord-275433-58unu79x 344 25 the the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 344 26 Ellison Ellison NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 344 27 Medical Medical NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 344 28 Foundation Foundation NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 344 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 344 30 B.L. B.L. NNP cord-275433-58unu79x 344 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-275433-58unu79x 344 32 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 345 1 The the DT cord-275433-58unu79x 345 2 authors author NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 345 3 declare declare VBP cord-275433-58unu79x 345 4 no no DT cord-275433-58unu79x 345 5 competing compete VBG cord-275433-58unu79x 345 6 financial financial JJ cord-275433-58unu79x 345 7 interests interest NNS cord-275433-58unu79x 345 8 . . . cord-275433-58unu79x 345 9 _SP