id sid tid token lemma pos cord-117688-20gfpbyf 1 1 key key JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 1 2 : : : cord-117688-20gfpbyf 1 3 cord-117688 cord-117688 NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 1 4 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 1 5 20gfpbyf 20gfpbyf CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 1 6 authors author NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 1 7 : : : cord-117688-20gfpbyf 1 8 Cakmakli Cakmakli NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 1 9 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 1 10 Cem Cem NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 1 11 ; ; : cord-117688-20gfpbyf 1 12 Simsek Simsek NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 1 13 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 2 1 Yasin Yasin NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 2 2 title title NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 2 3 : : : cord-117688-20gfpbyf 2 4 Bridging bridge VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 2 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 2 6 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 2 7 Data Data NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 2 8 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 2 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 2 10 Epidemiological Epidemiological NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 2 11 Model Model NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 2 12 using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 2 13 Time Time NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 2 14 Varying vary VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 2 15 Parameter parameter NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 2 16 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 2 17 Model Model NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 2 18 date date NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 2 19 : : : cord-117688-20gfpbyf 2 20 2020 2020 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 2 21 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 2 22 07 07 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 2 23 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 2 24 03 03 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 2 25 journal journal NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 2 26 : : : cord-117688-20gfpbyf 3 1 nan nan NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 3 2 DOI DOI NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 3 3 : : : cord-117688-20gfpbyf 3 4 nan nan NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 3 5 sha sha NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 3 6 : : : cord-117688-20gfpbyf 4 1 34aa470c6d89364ca328b55c9459df371792f80b 34aa470c6d89364ca328b55c9459df371792f80b NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 4 2 doc_id doc_id CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 5 1 : : : cord-117688-20gfpbyf 5 2 117688 117688 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 5 3 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 5 4 : : : cord-117688-20gfpbyf 6 1 20gfpbyf 20gfpbyf CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 1 This this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 2 paper paper NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 3 extends extend VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 5 canonical canonical JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 6 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 7 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 8 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 9 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 10 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 11 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 12 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 13 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 14 allow allow VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 15 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 16 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 17 varying vary VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 18 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 19 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 20 real real JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 21 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 22 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 23 measurement measurement NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 24 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 25 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 26 stance stance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 27 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 28 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 29 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 30 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 7 31 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 8 1 Time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 8 2 variation variation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 8 3 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 8 4 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 8 5 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 8 6 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 8 7 captured capture VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 8 8 using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 8 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 8 10 generalized generalized JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 8 11 autoregressive autoregressive JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 8 12 score score NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 8 13 modelling modelling NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 8 14 structure structure NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 8 15 designed design VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 8 16 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 8 17 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 8 18 typically typically RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 8 19 daily daily JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 8 20 count count NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 8 21 data datum NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 8 22 related relate VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 8 23 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 8 24 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 8 25 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 9 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 9 2 resulting result VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 9 3 specification specification NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 9 4 permits permit VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 9 5 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 9 6 flexible flexible JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 9 7 yet yet CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 9 8 parsimonious parsimonious JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 9 9 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 9 10 structure structure NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 9 11 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 9 12 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 9 13 very very RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 9 14 low low JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 9 15 computational computational JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 9 16 cost cost NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 9 17 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 10 1 This this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 10 2 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 10 3 especially especially RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 10 4 crucial crucial JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 10 5 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 10 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 10 7 onset onset NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 10 8 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 10 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 10 10 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 10 11 when when WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 10 12 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 10 13 data data NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 10 14 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 10 15 scarce scarce JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 10 16 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 10 17 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 10 18 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 10 19 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 10 20 abundant abundant JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 10 21 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 1 Full full JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 2 sample sample NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 3 results result NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 4 show show VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 5 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 6 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 7 including include VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 8 US US NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 9 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 10 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 11 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 12 Russia Russia NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 13 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 14 still still RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 15 not not RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 16 able able JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 17 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 18 contain contain VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 19 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 20 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 21 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 22 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 23 US US NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 24 having have VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 25 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 26 worst bad JJS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 27 performance performance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 11 28 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 12 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 12 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 12 3 Iran Iran NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 12 4 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 12 5 South South NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 12 6 Korea Korea NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 12 7 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 12 8 likely likely JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 12 9 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 12 10 experience experience VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 12 11 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 12 12 second second JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 12 13 wave wave NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 12 14 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 12 15 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 12 16 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 12 17 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 1 A a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 2 real real JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 3 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 4 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 5 exercise exercise NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 6 show show NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 7 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 8 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 9 proposed propose VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 10 structure structure NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 11 delivers deliver VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 12 timely timely JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 13 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 14 precise precise JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 15 information information NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 16 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 17 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 18 current current JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 19 stance stance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 20 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 21 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 22 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 23 ahead ahead RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 24 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 25 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 26 competitors competitor NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 27 that that WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 28 use use VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 29 rolling roll VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 30 window window NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 13 31 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 14 1 This this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 14 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 14 3 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 14 4 turn turn NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 14 5 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 14 6 transforms transform VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 14 7 into into IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 14 8 accurate accurate JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 14 9 short short JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 14 10 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 14 11 term term NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 14 12 predictions prediction NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 14 13 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 14 14 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 14 15 active active JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 14 16 cases case NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 14 17 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 15 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 15 2 further further RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 15 3 modify modify VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 15 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 15 5 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 15 6 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 15 7 allow allow VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 15 8 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 15 9 unreported unreported JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 15 10 cases case NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 15 11 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 1 Results result NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 2 suggest suggest VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 3 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 5 effects effect NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 6 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 8 presence presence NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 9 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 10 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 11 cases case NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 12 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 14 estimation estimation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 15 results result NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 16 diminish diminish VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 17 towards towards IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 18 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 19 end end NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 20 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 21 sample sample NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 22 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 23 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 24 increasing increase VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 25 number number NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 26 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 27 testing testing NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 16 28 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 2 outbreak outbreak NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 3 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 5 new new JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 6 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 7 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 8 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 9 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 10 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 11 one one CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 12 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 13 most most JJS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 14 severe severe JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 15 health health NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 16 crisis crisis NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 17 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 18 world world NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 19 has have VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 20 encountered encounter VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 21 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 22 last last JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 23 decades decade NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 24 if if IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 25 not not RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 26 century century NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 17 27 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 2 spread spread NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 3 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 5 virus virus NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 6 has have VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 7 been be VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 8 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 9 an an DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 10 unexpected unexpected JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 11 pace pace NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 12 since since IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 14 burst burst NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 15 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 16 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 17 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 18 first first RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 19 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 20 Wuhan Wuhan NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 21 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 22 China China NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 23 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 24 early early JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 25 January January NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 26 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 27 2020 2020 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 18 28 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 19 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 19 2 World World NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 19 3 Health Health NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 19 4 Organization Organization NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 19 5 has have VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 19 6 declared declare VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 19 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 19 8 outbreak outbreak NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 19 9 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 19 10 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 19 11 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 19 12 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 19 13 global global JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 19 14 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 19 15 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 19 16 March March NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 19 17 11 11 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 19 18 2020 2020 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 19 19 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 1 Official official JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 2 records record NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 3 indicate indicate VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 4 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 5 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 6 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 8 end end NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 9 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 10 June June NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 11 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 12 more more JJR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 13 than than IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 14 10 10 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 15 million million CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 16 people people NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 17 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 18 infected infect VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 19 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 20 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 21 total total JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 22 death death NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 23 toll toll NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 24 approaching approach VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 25 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 26 half half PDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 27 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 28 million million CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 20 29 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 21 1 Anticipating anticipate VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 21 2 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 21 3 devastating devastating JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 21 4 humanitarian humanitarian JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 21 5 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 21 6 economic economic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 21 7 effects effect NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 21 8 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 21 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 21 10 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 21 11 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 21 12 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 21 13 have have VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 21 14 taken take VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 21 15 various various JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 21 16 measures measure NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 21 17 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 21 18 contain contain VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 21 19 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 21 20 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 21 21 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 1 A a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 2 variety variety NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 3 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 4 measures measure NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 5 have have VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 6 been be VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 7 imposed impose VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 8 ranging range VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 9 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 10 complete complete JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 11 lockdown lockdown NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 12 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 13 essentially essentially RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 14 freezing freeze VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 15 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 16 flow flow NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 17 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 18 life life NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 19 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 20 an an DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 21 uncertain uncertain JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 22 period period NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 23 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 24 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 25 partial partial JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 26 lockdown lockdown NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 27 implying imply VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 28 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 29 partial partial JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 30 closure closure NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 31 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 32 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 33 daily daily JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 34 routines routine NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 35 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 36 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 37 protection protection NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 38 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 39 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 40 most most RBS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 41 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 42 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 43 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 44 population population NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 22 45 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 1 On on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 2 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 3 contrary contrary NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 5 some some DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 6 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 7 including include VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 8 Sweden Sweden NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 9 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 10 England England NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 11 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 12 Netherlands Netherlands NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 13 were be VBD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 14 reluctant reluctant JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 15 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 16 consider consider VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 17 any any DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 18 measures measure NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 19 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 20 first first RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 21 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 22 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 23 onset onset NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 24 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 25 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 26 outbreak outbreak NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 27 but but CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 28 rapidly rapidly RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 29 switch switch VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 30 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 31 impose impose VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 32 lockdown lockdown NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 33 measures measure NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 23 34 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 24 1 Recently recently RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 24 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 24 3 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 24 4 vast vast JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 24 5 majority majority NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 24 6 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 24 7 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 24 8 has have VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 24 9 launched launch VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 24 10 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 24 11 process process NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 24 12 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 24 13 normalization normalization NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 24 14 confronting confront VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 24 15 economic economic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 24 16 pressures pressure NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 24 17 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 2 decision decision NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 3 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 4 imposing impose VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 5 and/or and/or CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 6 relaxation relaxation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 7 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 8 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 9 various various JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 10 sorts sort NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 11 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 12 measures measure NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 13 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 14 evaluating evaluate VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 15 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 16 outcome outcome NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 17 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 18 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 19 actions action NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 20 evidently evidently RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 21 rely rely VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 22 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 23 efficiently efficiently RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 24 monitoring monitor VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 25 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 26 course course NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 27 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 28 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 29 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 25 30 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 26 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 26 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 26 3 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 26 4 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 26 5 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 26 6 estimating estimating NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 26 7 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 26 8 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 26 9 perhaps perhaps RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 26 10 even even RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 26 11 more more RBR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 26 12 crucially crucially RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 26 13 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 26 14 predicting predict VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 26 15 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 26 16 trajectory trajectory NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 26 17 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 26 18 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 26 19 come come VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 26 20 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 26 21 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 26 22 forefront forefront NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 26 23 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 1 However however RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 3 if if IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 4 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 5 measures measure NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 6 indeed indeed RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 7 turn turn VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 8 out out RP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 9 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 10 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 11 effective effective JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 12 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 13 changing change VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 14 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 15 natural natural JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 16 course course NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 17 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 18 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 19 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 20 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 21 then then RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 22 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 23 implies imply VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 24 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 25 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 26 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 27 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 28 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 29 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 30 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 31 alter alter VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 32 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 33 comply comply VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 34 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 35 changing change VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 36 trajectory trajectory NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 27 37 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 28 1 This this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 28 2 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 28 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 28 4 departure departure NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 28 5 point point NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 28 6 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 28 7 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 28 8 paper paper NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 28 9 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 29 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 29 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 29 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 29 4 develop develop VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 29 5 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 29 6 simple simple JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 29 7 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 29 8 statistically statistically RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 29 9 coherent coherent JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 29 10 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 29 11 that that WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 29 12 allows allow VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 29 13 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 29 14 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 29 15 variation variation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 29 16 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 29 17 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 29 18 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 29 19 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 29 20 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 29 21 conventional conventional JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 29 22 workhorse workhorse JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 29 23 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 29 24 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 29 25 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 30 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 30 2 start start VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 30 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 30 4 analysis analysis NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 30 5 by by IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 30 6 confronting confront VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 30 7 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 30 8 simple simple JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 30 9 version version NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 30 10 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 30 11 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 30 12 workhorse workhorse JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 30 13 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 30 14 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 30 15 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 30 16 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 30 17 actual actual JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 30 18 data datum NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 30 19 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 1 From from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 2 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 3 perspective perspective NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 4 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 5 econometrics econometrics NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 6 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 8 specify specify VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 9 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 10 count count NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 11 process process NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 12 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 13 modeling model VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 14 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 15 course course NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 16 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 17 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 18 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 19 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 20 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 21 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 22 selected select VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 23 set set NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 24 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 25 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 26 based base VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 27 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 28 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 29 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 30 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 31 31 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 32 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 32 2 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 32 3 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 32 4 identifies identify VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 32 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 32 6 four four CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 32 7 states state NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 32 8 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 32 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 32 10 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 32 11 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 32 12 Susceptible susceptible JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 32 13 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 32 14 Infected infected JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 32 15 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 32 16 Recovered Recovered NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 32 17 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 32 18 Death death NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 33 1 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 33 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 33 3 depicts depict VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 33 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 33 5 evolution evolution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 33 6 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 33 7 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 33 8 states state NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 33 9 depending depend VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 33 10 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 33 11 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 33 12 total total JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 33 13 number number NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 33 14 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 33 15 infected infected JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 33 16 individuals individual NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 33 17 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 33 18 see see VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 33 19 Kermack Kermack NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 33 20 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 33 21 McKendrick McKendrick NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 33 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 33 23 1927 1927 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 33 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 33 25 ; ; : cord-117688-20gfpbyf 34 1 Allen Allen NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 34 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 34 3 2008 2008 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 34 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 34 5 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 2 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 4 contestation contestation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 5 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 6 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 7 forces force NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 8 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 9 i.e. i.e. FW cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 10 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 11 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 12 governing govern VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 14 rates rate NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 15 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 16 infection infection NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 17 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 18 resolution resolution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 20 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 21 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 22 form form NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 23 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 24 recovery recovery NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 25 or or CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 26 death death NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 28 that that WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 29 determines determine VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 30 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 31 course course NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 32 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 33 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 35 34 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 36 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 36 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 36 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 36 4 extend extend VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 36 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 36 6 econometric econometric JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 36 7 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 36 8 by by IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 36 9 allowing allow VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 36 10 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 36 11 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 36 12 variation variation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 36 13 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 36 14 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 36 15 structural structural JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 36 16 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 36 17 resorting resort VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 36 18 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 36 19 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 36 20 Generalized Generalized NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 36 21 Autoregressive Autoregressive NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 36 22 Score Score NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 36 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 36 24 GAS gas NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 36 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 37 1 modeling modeling NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 37 2 framework framework NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 37 3 which which WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 37 4 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 37 5 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 37 6 class class NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 37 7 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 37 8 observation observation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 37 9 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 37 10 driven drive VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 37 11 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 37 12 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 38 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 38 2 proposed propose VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 38 3 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 38 4 permits permit VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 38 5 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 38 6 flexible flexible JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 38 7 yet yet CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 38 8 feasible feasible JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 38 9 framework framework NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 38 10 that that WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 38 11 can can MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 38 12 track track VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 38 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 38 14 evolution evolution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 38 15 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 38 16 structural structural JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 38 17 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 38 18 quite quite RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 38 19 timely timely RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 38 20 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 38 21 accurately accurately RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 38 22 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 1 One one CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 2 important important JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 3 aspect aspect NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 4 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 6 specification specification NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 7 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 8 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 9 relatively relatively RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 10 low low JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 11 computational computational JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 12 cost cost NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 13 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 14 which which WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 15 might may MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 16 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 17 crucial crucial JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 18 especially especially RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 19 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 20 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 21 beginning beginning NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 22 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 23 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 24 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 25 when when WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 26 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 27 data data NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 28 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 29 scarce scarce JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 30 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 31 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 32 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 33 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 34 overwhelming overwhelming JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 39 35 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 40 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 40 2 construct construct VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 40 3 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 40 4 set set NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 40 5 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 40 6 selected select VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 40 7 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 40 8 that that WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 40 9 so so RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 40 10 far far RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 40 11 have have VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 40 12 experienced experience VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 40 13 different different JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 40 14 courses course NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 40 15 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 40 16 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 40 17 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 40 18 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 40 19 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 40 20 efficacy efficacy NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 40 21 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 40 22 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 40 23 proposed propose VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 40 24 framework framework NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 40 25 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 1 These these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 2 include include VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 3 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 4 that that WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 5 can can MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 6 mitigate mitigate VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 8 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 9 but but CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 10 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 11 differential differential JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 12 momentum momentum NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 13 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 14 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 15 where where WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 16 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 17 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 18 starts start VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 19 relatively relatively RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 20 late late JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 21 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 22 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 23 that that WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 24 experience experience VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 25 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 26 second second JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 27 wave wave NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 28 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 29 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 41 30 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 42 1 This this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 42 2 provides provide VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 42 3 us -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 42 4 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 42 5 testing testing NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 42 6 ground ground NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 42 7 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 42 8 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 42 9 wide wide JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 42 10 variety variety NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 42 11 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 42 12 patterns pattern NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 42 13 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 42 14 examine examine VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 42 15 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 42 16 potential potential NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 42 17 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 42 18 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 42 19 proposed propose VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 42 20 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 42 21 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 43 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 43 2 results result NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 43 3 indicate indicate VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 43 4 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 43 5 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 43 6 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 43 7 majority majority NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 43 8 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 43 9 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 43 10 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 43 11 structural structural JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 43 12 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 43 13 alter alter VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 43 14 over over IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 43 15 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 43 16 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 2 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 3 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 4 infection infection NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 5 typically typically RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 6 starts start VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 7 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 8 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 9 high high JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 10 level level NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 11 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 12 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 13 onset onset NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 14 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 15 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 16 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 17 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 18 but but CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 20 decreases decrease VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 21 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 22 distinct distinct JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 23 paces pace NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 24 depending depend VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 25 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 26 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 27 success success NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 28 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 29 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 30 country country NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 31 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 32 containing contain VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 33 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 34 transmission transmission NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 35 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 36 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 37 virus virus NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 44 38 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 1 On on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 2 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 3 contrary contrary NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 6 recovery recovery NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 7 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 8 starts start VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 9 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 10 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 11 low low JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 12 level level NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 13 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 14 gets get VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 15 stabilized stabilize VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 16 after after IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 17 an an DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 18 increase increase NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 19 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 20 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 21 low low JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 22 values value NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 23 reflecting reflect VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 24 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 25 performance performance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 26 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 27 health health NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 28 systems system NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 29 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 30 handling handle VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 31 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 32 active active JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 33 cases case NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 45 34 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 1 As as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 2 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 3 result result NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 6 reproduction reproduction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 7 rates rate NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 8 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 9 computed compute VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 10 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 11 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 12 ratio ratio NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 13 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 14 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 15 infection infection NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 16 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 17 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 18 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 19 recovery recovery NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 20 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 21 mortality mortality NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 22 rates rate NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 23 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 24 start start VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 25 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 26 high high JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 27 levels level NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 28 often often RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 29 exceeding exceed VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 30 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 31 value value NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 32 5 5 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 33 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 34 but but CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 35 diminish diminish VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 36 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 37 differential differential JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 38 rates rate NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 46 39 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 47 1 Two two CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 47 2 crucial crucial JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 47 3 findings finding NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 47 4 emerge emerge VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 47 5 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 47 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 47 7 outcomes outcome NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 47 8 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 47 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 47 10 proposed propose VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 47 11 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 47 12 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 47 13 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 47 14 varying vary VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 47 15 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 47 16 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 1 First first RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 3 US US NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 5 Russia Russia NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 6 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 7 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 8 still still RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 9 can can MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 10 not not RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 11 tackle tackle VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 12 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 15 first first JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 16 wave wave NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 17 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 19 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 20 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 21 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 22 reproduction reproduction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 23 rates rate NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 24 have have VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 25 not not RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 26 fallen fall VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 27 below below IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 28 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 29 critical critical JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 30 value value NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 31 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 32 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 48 33 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 49 1 Second second RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 49 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 49 3 Iran Iran NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 49 4 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 49 5 South South NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 49 6 Korea Korea NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 49 7 seem seem VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 49 8 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 49 9 experience experience VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 49 10 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 49 11 second second JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 49 12 wave wave NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 49 13 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 49 14 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 49 15 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 49 16 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 50 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 50 2 further further RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 50 3 examine examine VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 50 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 50 5 real real JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 50 6 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 50 7 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 50 8 performance performance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 50 9 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 50 10 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 50 11 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 50 12 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 2 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 3 crucial crucial JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 4 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 6 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 7 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 8 indicate indicate VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 10 stance stance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 11 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 12 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 13 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 14 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 15 real real JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 16 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 17 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 18 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 19 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 20 provide provide VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 21 accurate accurate JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 22 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 23 timely timely JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 24 predictions prediction NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 25 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 26 least least JJS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 27 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 28 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 29 short short JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 30 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 31 run run NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 51 32 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 1 A a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 2 real real JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 3 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 4 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 5 estimation estimation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 6 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 7 forecasting forecasting NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 8 exercise exercise NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 9 starting start VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 10 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 11 April April NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 12 show show VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 13 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 14 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 15 proposed propose VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 16 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 17 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 18 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 19 varying vary VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 20 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 21 indeed indeed RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 22 provide provide VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 23 timely timely JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 24 information information NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 25 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 26 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 27 current current JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 28 stance stance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 29 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 30 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 31 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 32 ahead ahead RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 33 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 34 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 35 competing compete VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 36 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 52 37 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 4 also also RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 5 provides provide VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 6 superior superior JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 7 forecasting forecasting NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 8 performance performance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 9 up up IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 10 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 11 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 12 week week NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 13 ahead ahead RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 14 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 15 especially especially RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 16 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 17 those those DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 18 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 19 who who WP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 20 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 21 currently currently RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 22 experiencing experience VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 23 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 24 second second JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 25 wave wave NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 26 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 27 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 28 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 53 29 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 1 Finally finally RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 4 extend extend VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 6 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 7 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 8 including include VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 10 cases case NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 11 that that WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 12 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 13 undocumented undocumented JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 15 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 16 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 17 infected infect VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 18 individuals individual NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 19 do do VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 20 not not RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 21 show show VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 22 symptoms symptom NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 24 using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 25 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 26 strategy strategy NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 27 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 28 Grewelle Grewelle NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 29 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 30 De De NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 31 Leo Leo NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 33 2020 2020 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 54 35 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 1 While while IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 2 inclusion inclusion NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 3 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 4 those those DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 5 leads lead VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 6 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 7 large large JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 8 discrepancies discrepancy NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 9 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 10 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 11 compared compare VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 12 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 13 initial initial JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 14 findings finding NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 15 especially especially RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 16 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 17 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 18 onset onset NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 19 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 20 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 21 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 22 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 23 parameter parameter NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 24 values value NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 25 converge converge VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 26 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 27 similar similar JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 28 values value NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 29 towards towards IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 30 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 31 end end NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 32 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 33 May May NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 34 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 35 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 36 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 37 figures figure NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 38 mount mount VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 55 39 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 2 literature literature NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 3 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 4 estimating estimate VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 6 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 7 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 9 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 10 fixed fix VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 11 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 13 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 14 variants variant NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 15 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 16 evaluate evaluate VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 17 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 18 current current JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 19 stance stance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 20 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 21 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 22 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 23 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 24 has have VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 25 exploded explode VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 26 since since IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 27 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 28 outbreak outbreak NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 29 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 30 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 31 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 56 32 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 57 1 Relatively relatively RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 57 2 earlier early JJR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 57 3 analysis analysis NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 57 4 include include VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 57 5 Read Read VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 57 6 et et FW cord-117688-20gfpbyf 57 7 al al NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 57 8 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 58 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 58 2 2020 2020 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 58 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 59 1 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 59 2 Lourenco Lourenco NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 59 3 et et NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 59 4 al al NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 59 5 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 2 2020 2020 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 4 who who WP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 5 estimate estimate VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 6 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 7 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 8 based base VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 9 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 10 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 11 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 12 data datum NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 13 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 14 China China NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 15 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 16 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 17 former former JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 18 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 19 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 20 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 21 UK UK NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 22 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 23 Italy Italy NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 24 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 25 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 26 latter latter JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 27 using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 28 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 29 likelihood likelihood NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 30 based base VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 31 inference inference NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 32 strategy strategy NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 60 33 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 61 1 Wu Wu NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 61 2 et et NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 61 3 al al NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 61 4 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 2 2020 2020 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 4 blend blend NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 5 data datum NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 6 related relate VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 7 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 8 COVID-19 covid-19 VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 9 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 10 China China NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 11 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 12 mobility mobility NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 13 data datum NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 14 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 15 estimate estimate VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 16 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 17 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 18 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 19 using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 20 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 21 inference inference NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 22 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 23 predict predict VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 24 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 25 spread spread NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 26 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 27 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 28 virus virus NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 29 domestically domestically RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 30 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 31 internationally internationally RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 62 32 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 63 1 Li Li NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 63 2 et et NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 63 3 al al NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 63 4 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 2 2020 2020 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 4 conduct conduct VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 5 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 6 similar similar JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 7 analysis analysis NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 8 employing employ VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 9 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 10 modified modify VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 11 SIR SIR NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 12 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 13 together together RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 14 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 15 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 16 network network NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 17 structure structure NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 18 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 19 mobility mobility NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 20 data datum NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 21 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 22 uncover uncover VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 23 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 24 size size NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 25 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 26 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 27 undocumented undocumented JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 28 cases case NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 29 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 30 see see VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 31 also also RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 32 Hortaçsu Hortaçsu NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 33 et et FW cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 34 al al NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 64 35 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 65 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 65 2 2020 2020 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 65 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 65 4 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 66 1 Zhang Zhang NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 66 2 et et NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 66 3 al al NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 66 4 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 67 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 67 2 2020 2020 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 67 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 67 4 extend extend VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 67 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 67 6 standard standard JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 67 7 SIR SIR NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 67 8 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 67 9 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 67 10 many many JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 67 11 additional additional JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 67 12 compartments compartment NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 67 13 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 67 14 estimate estimate VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 67 15 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 67 16 part part NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 67 17 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 67 18 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 67 19 using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 67 20 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 67 21 inference inference NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 67 22 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 68 1 Several several JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 68 2 factors factor NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 68 3 might may MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 68 4 lead lead VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 68 5 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 68 6 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 68 7 variation variation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 68 8 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 68 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 68 10 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 68 11 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 68 12 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 68 13 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 68 14 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 68 15 regarding regard VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 68 16 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 68 17 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 68 18 course course NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 68 19 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 68 20 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 68 21 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 69 1 On on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 69 2 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 69 3 one one CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 69 4 hand hand NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 69 5 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 69 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 69 7 lockdown lockdown NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 69 8 measures measure NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 69 9 taken take VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 69 10 by by IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 69 11 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 69 12 policy policy NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 69 13 makers maker NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 69 14 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 69 15 intended intend VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 69 16 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 69 17 isolate isolate VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 69 18 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 69 19 infected infect VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 69 20 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 69 21 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 69 22 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 69 23 individuals individual NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 69 24 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 4 parameter parameter NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 5 governing govern VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 7 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 8 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 9 infection infection NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 10 which which WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 11 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 12 simply simply RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 14 average average JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 15 number number NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 16 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 17 contacts contact NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 18 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 19 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 20 person person NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 21 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 22 likely likely JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 23 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 24 alter alter VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 25 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 26 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 27 conduct conduct NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 28 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 29 lockdown lockdown NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 30 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 31 see see VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 32 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 33 example example NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 34 Hale Hale NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 35 et et NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 36 al al NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 70 37 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 71 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 71 2 2020 2020 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 71 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 71 4 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 1 On on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 2 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 3 other other JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 4 hand hand NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 5 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 6 advancements advancement NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 7 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 8 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 9 fight fight NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 10 against against IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 11 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 12 including include VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 14 recovery recovery NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 15 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 16 drugs drug NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 17 that that WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 18 could could MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 19 effectively effectively RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 20 mitigate mitigate VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 21 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 22 course course NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 23 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 24 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 25 disease disease NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 26 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 27 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 28 installment installment NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 29 or or CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 30 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 31 lack lack NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 32 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 33 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 34 medical medical JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 35 equipment equipment NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 36 such such JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 37 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 38 ventilators ventilator NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 39 might may MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 40 alter alter VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 41 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 42 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 43 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 44 recovery recovery NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 45 or or CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 46 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 47 other other JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 48 words word NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 49 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 50 duration duration NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 51 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 52 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 53 state state NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 54 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 55 being be VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 56 infected infect VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 57 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 58 see see VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 59 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 60 example example NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 61 Greenhalgh Greenhalgh NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 62 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 63 Day Day NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 64 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 65 2017 2017 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 66 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 67 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 68 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 69 variation variation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 70 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 71 recovery recovery NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 72 rates rate NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 72 73 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 73 1 Accordingly accordingly RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 73 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 73 3 Anastassopoulou Anastassopoulou NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 73 4 et et NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 73 5 al al NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 73 6 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 2 2020 2020 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 4 use use VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 5 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 6 least least JJS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 7 squares square NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 8 based base VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 9 approach approach NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 10 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 11 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 12 rolling rolling JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 13 window window NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 14 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 15 daily daily JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 16 observations observation NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 17 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 18 document document VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 19 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 20 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 21 variation variation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 22 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 23 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 24 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 25 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 26 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 27 based base VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 28 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 29 using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 30 Chinese chinese JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 31 data datum NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 74 32 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 75 1 Tan Tan NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 75 2 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 75 3 Chen Chen NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 75 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 75 5 2020 2020 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 75 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 75 7 also also RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 75 8 employ employ VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 75 9 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 75 10 similar similar JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 75 11 but but CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 75 12 more more RBR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 75 13 articulated articulated JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 75 14 rolling roll VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 75 15 window window NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 75 16 strategy strategy NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 75 17 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 75 18 capture capture VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 75 19 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 75 20 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 75 21 variation variation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 75 22 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 75 23 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 75 24 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 75 25 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 75 26 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 76 1 Other other JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 76 2 frameworks framework NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 76 3 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 76 4 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 76 5 varying vary VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 76 6 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 76 7 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 76 8 almost almost RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 76 9 exclusively exclusively RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 76 10 allow allow VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 76 11 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 76 12 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 76 13 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 76 14 variation variation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 76 15 only only RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 76 16 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 76 17 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 76 18 infection infection NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 76 19 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 76 20 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 77 1 An an DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 77 2 application application NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 77 3 prior prior RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 77 4 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 77 5 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 77 6 outbreak outbreak NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 77 7 includes include VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 77 8 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 77 9 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 77 10 example example NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 77 11 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 77 12 Xu Xu NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 77 13 et et NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 77 14 al al NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 77 15 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 2 2016 2016 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 4 among among IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 5 others other NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 6 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 7 who who WP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 8 utilize utilize VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 9 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 10 Gaussian gaussian JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 11 process process NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 12 prior prior RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 13 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 14 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 15 incidence incidence NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 16 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 17 involving involve VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 18 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 19 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 20 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 21 infection infection NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 22 using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 23 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 24 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 25 nonparametric nonparametric JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 26 structure structure NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 78 27 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 79 1 In in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 79 2 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 79 3 context context NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 79 4 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 79 5 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 79 6 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 79 7 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 79 8 Kucharski Kucharski NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 79 9 et et NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 79 10 al al NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 79 11 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 2 2020 2020 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 4 estimate estimate VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 5 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 6 modified modify VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 7 SIR SIR NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 8 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 9 using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 10 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 11 parameter parameter NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 12 driven drive VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 13 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 14 framework framework NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 15 allowing allow VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 16 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 17 infection infection NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 18 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 19 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 20 follow follow VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 21 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 22 geometric geometric JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 23 random random JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 24 walk walk NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 25 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 26 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 27 remaining remain VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 28 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 29 kept keep VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 30 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 31 constant constant JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 32 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 33 see see VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 34 Marioli Marioli NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 35 et et NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 36 al al NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 80 37 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 81 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 81 2 2020 2020 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 81 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 81 4 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 81 5 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 81 6 similar similar JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 81 7 approach approach NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 81 8 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 82 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 82 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 82 3 Yang Yang NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 82 4 et et NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 82 5 al al NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 82 6 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 2 2020 2020 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 4 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 5 Fernndez Fernndez NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 6 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 7 Villaverde Villaverde NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 8 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 9 Jones Jones NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 11 2020 2020 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 13 allow allow VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 14 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 15 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 16 variation variation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 17 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 18 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 19 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 20 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 21 infection infection NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 22 keeping keep VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 23 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 24 remaining remain VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 25 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 26 constant constant JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 83 27 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 1 In in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 2 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 3 paper paper NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 6 propose propose VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 7 an an DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 8 alternative alternative JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 9 modeling modeling NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 10 strategy strategy NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 11 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 12 capture capture VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 14 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 15 variation variation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 16 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 17 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 18 full full JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 19 set set NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 20 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 21 structural structural JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 22 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 23 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 24 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 25 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 26 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 84 27 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 1 On on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 2 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 3 one one CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 4 hand hand NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 5 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 6 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 7 modeling modeling NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 8 framework framework NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 9 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 10 statistically statistically RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 11 consistent consistent JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 12 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 14 typical typical JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 15 count count NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 16 data data NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 17 structure structure NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 18 related relate VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 19 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 20 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 21 unlike unlike IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 22 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 23 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 24 that that WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 25 either either CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 26 employ employ VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 27 least least JJS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 28 squares square NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 29 based base VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 30 inference inference NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 31 or or CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 32 likelihood likelihood NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 33 based base VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 34 inference inference NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 35 using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 36 Gaussian gaussian JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 37 distribution distribution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 38 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 39 e.g. e.g. RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 40 Kalman Kalman NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 41 filter filter NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 85 42 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 1 On on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 2 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 3 other other JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 4 hand hand NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 5 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 6 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 7 framework framework NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 8 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 9 computationally computationally RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 10 inexpensive inexpensive JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 11 unlike unlike IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 12 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 13 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 14 that that WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 15 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 16 statistically statistically RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 17 consistent consistent JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 18 but but CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 19 employing employ VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 20 particle particle NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 21 filter filter NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 22 type type NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 23 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 24 methods method NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 25 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 26 inference inference NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 27 which which WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 28 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 29 computationally computationally RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 30 quite quite RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 31 costly costly JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 86 32 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 87 1 This this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 87 2 might may MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 87 3 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 87 4 crucial crucial JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 87 5 especially especially RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 87 6 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 87 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 87 8 onset onset NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 87 9 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 87 10 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 87 11 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 87 12 when when WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 87 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 87 14 data data NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 87 15 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 87 16 scarce scarce JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 87 17 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 87 18 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 87 19 about about IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 87 20 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 87 21 course course NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 87 22 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 87 23 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 87 24 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 87 25 abounding abound VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 87 26 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 2 framework framework NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 3 belongs belong VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 4 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 6 class class NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 7 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 8 observation observation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 9 driven drive VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 10 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 11 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 12 specifically specifically RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 13 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 14 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 15 class class NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 16 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 17 Generalized Generalized NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 18 Autoregressive Autoregressive NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 19 Score Score NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 20 Models Models NNPS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 22 henceforth henceforth RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 23 GAS gas NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 24 Models Models NNPS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 26 proposed propose VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 27 by by IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 28 Creal Creal NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 29 et et NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 30 al al NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 88 31 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 89 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 89 2 2013 2013 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 89 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 89 4 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 1 GAS gas NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 2 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 3 involve involve VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 4 many many JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 5 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 7 celebrated celebrated JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 8 econometric econometric JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 9 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 10 including include VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 11 Generalized Generalized NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 12 Autoregressive Autoregressive NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 13 Heteroskedasticy Heteroskedasticy NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 15 GARCH garch NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 17 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 18 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 19 various various JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 20 variants variant NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 21 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 22 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 23 special special JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 24 case case NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 25 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 26 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 27 thus thus RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 28 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 29 they -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 30 proved prove VBD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 31 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 32 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 33 useful useful JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 34 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 35 both both DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 36 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 37 fitting fitting NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 38 as as RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 39 well well RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 40 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 41 prediction prediction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 90 42 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 91 1 Koopman Koopman NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 91 2 et et NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 91 3 al al NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 91 4 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 2 2016 2016 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 4 provides provide VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 5 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 6 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 7 analysis analysis NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 8 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 9 predictive predictive JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 10 power power NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 11 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 12 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 13 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 14 compared compare VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 15 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 16 parameter parameter VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 17 driven drive VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 18 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 19 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 20 many many JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 21 settings setting NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 22 including include VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 23 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 24 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 25 count count NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 26 data datum NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 92 27 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 93 1 Independent independent JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 93 2 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 93 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 93 4 analysis analysis NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 93 5 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 93 6 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 93 7 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 93 8 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 93 9 observation observation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 93 10 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 93 11 driven drive VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 93 12 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 93 13 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 93 14 count count NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 93 15 data datum NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 93 16 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 93 17 considered consider VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 93 18 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 93 19 many many JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 93 20 different different JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 93 21 cases case NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 93 22 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 94 1 Davis Davis NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 94 2 et et NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 94 3 al al NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 94 4 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 95 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 95 2 2003 2003 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 95 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 95 4 provides provide VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 95 5 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 95 6 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 95 7 analysis analysis NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 95 8 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 95 9 observation observation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 95 10 driven drive VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 95 11 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 95 12 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 95 13 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 95 14 focus focus NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 95 15 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 95 16 data datum NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 95 17 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 95 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 95 19 conditional conditional JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 95 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 95 21 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 95 22 distributions distribution NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 95 23 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 96 1 Ferland Ferland NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 96 2 et et NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 96 3 al al NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 96 4 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 97 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 97 2 2006 2006 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 97 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 98 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 98 2 remainder remainder NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 98 3 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 98 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 98 5 paper paper NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 98 6 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 98 7 organized organize VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 98 8 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 98 9 follows follow NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 98 10 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 99 1 In in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 99 2 Section section NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 99 3 2 2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 99 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 99 5 describe describe VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 99 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 99 7 canonical canonical JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 99 8 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 99 9 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 99 10 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 99 11 introduce introduce VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 99 12 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 99 13 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 99 14 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 99 15 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 99 16 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 99 17 varying vary VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 99 18 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 99 19 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 99 20 full full JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 99 21 details detail NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 99 22 provided provide VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 99 23 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 99 24 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 99 25 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 99 26 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 100 1 In in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 100 2 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 100 3 section section NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 100 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 100 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 100 6 discuss discuss VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 100 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 100 8 estimation estimation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 100 9 results result NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 100 10 using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 100 11 full full JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 100 12 sample sample NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 100 13 data datum NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 100 14 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 100 15 various various JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 100 16 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 100 17 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 1 In in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 2 Section section NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 3 3 3 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 6 discuss discuss VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 8 real real JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 9 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 10 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 11 performance performance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 12 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 13 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 14 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 15 framework framework NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 16 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 17 capturing capture VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 18 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 19 current current JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 20 stance stance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 21 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 22 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 23 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 24 as as RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 25 well well RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 26 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 27 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 28 short short JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 29 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 30 term term NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 31 forecasting forecasting NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 32 compared compare VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 33 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 34 frequently frequently RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 35 used use VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 36 competitors competitor NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 101 37 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 102 1 In in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 102 2 Section section NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 102 3 4 4 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 102 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 102 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 102 6 extend extend VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 102 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 102 8 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 102 9 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 102 10 account account VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 102 11 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 102 12 infected infected JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 102 13 individuals individual NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 102 14 who who WP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 102 15 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 102 16 not not RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 102 17 diagnosed diagnose VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 102 18 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 102 19 therefore therefore RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 102 20 not not RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 102 21 included include VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 102 22 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 102 23 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 102 24 sample sample NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 102 25 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 103 1 Finally finally RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 103 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 103 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 103 4 conclude conclude VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 103 5 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 103 6 Section section NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 103 7 5 5 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 103 8 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 104 1 Hence hence RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 104 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 104 3 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 104 4 fraction fraction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 104 5 γ γ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 104 6 + + CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 104 7 ν ν NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 104 8 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 104 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 104 10 infections infection NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 104 11 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 104 12 ' ' `` cord-117688-20gfpbyf 104 13 resolved resolve VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 104 14 ' ' '' cord-117688-20gfpbyf 104 15 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 104 16 total total NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 104 17 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 105 1 This this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 105 2 leads lead VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 105 3 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 105 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 105 5 following follow VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 105 6 sets set NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 105 7 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 105 8 equations equation NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 105 9 : : : cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 1 Note note VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 2 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 4 last last JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 5 equation equation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 6 defines define VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 8 law law NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 9 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 10 motion motion NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 11 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 12 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 13 number number NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 14 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 15 infected infected JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 16 individuals individual NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 17 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 19 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 20 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 21 outcome outcome NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 22 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 23 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 24 first first JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 25 three three CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 26 equations equation NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 27 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 28 ∆S ∆S NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 29 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 106 30 + + CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 107 1 ∆R ∆r RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 107 2 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 107 3 + + CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 108 1 ∆I ∆I NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 108 2 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 108 3 + + CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 109 1 ∆D ∆D NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 109 2 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 109 3 = = SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 109 4 0 0 NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 109 5 holds hold VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 109 6 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 109 7 any any DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 109 8 given give VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 109 9 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 109 10 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 109 11 assuming assume VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 109 12 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 109 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 109 14 size size NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 109 15 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 109 16 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 109 17 population population NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 109 18 remains remain VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 109 19 constant constant JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 109 20 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 110 1 1 1 LS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 2 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 3 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 4 interest interest NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 5 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 7 structural structural JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 8 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 9 β β NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 10 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 11 γ γ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 12 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 13 ν ν NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 14 that that WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 15 provide provide VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 16 information information NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 17 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 18 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 19 transmission transmission NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 20 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 21 resolution resolution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 22 rates rate NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 23 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 24 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 25 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 26 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 27 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 28 respectively respectively RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 111 29 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 112 1 A a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 112 2 central central JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 112 3 metric metric NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 112 4 which which WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 112 5 characterizes characterize VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 112 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 112 7 course course NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 112 8 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 112 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 112 10 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 112 11 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 112 12 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 112 13 reproduction reproduction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 112 14 number number NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 112 15 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 112 16 R r NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 112 17 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 112 18 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 2 reproduction reproduction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 3 number number NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 4 refers refer VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 5 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 7 speed speed NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 8 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 10 diffusion diffusion NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 11 which which WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 12 can can MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 13 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 14 computed compute VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 15 by by IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 16 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 17 ratio ratio NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 18 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 19 newly newly RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 20 confirmed confirm VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 21 cases case NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 22 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 23 denoted denote VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 24 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 25 ∆C ∆C NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 26 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 27 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 28 2 2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 29 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 30 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 31 resolved resolve VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 32 cases case NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 33 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 34 that that RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 35 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 36 ∆C ∆C NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 37 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 38 /(∆R /(∆R NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 39 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 40 + + CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 41 ∆D ∆D NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 42 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 113 44 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 114 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 114 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 114 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 114 4 serves serve VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 114 5 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 114 6 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 114 7 threshold threshold NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 114 8 parameter parameter NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 114 9 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 114 10 many many JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 114 11 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 114 12 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 114 13 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 114 14 disease disease NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 114 15 extinction extinction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 114 16 or or CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 114 17 spread spread NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 114 18 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 115 1 Considering consider VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 115 2 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 115 3 fact fact NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 115 4 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 115 5 S S NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 115 6 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 115 7 /N /N NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 115 8 ≈ ≈ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 115 9 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 115 10 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 115 11 R r NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 115 12 0,t 0,t CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 115 13 can can MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 115 14 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 115 15 approximated approximate VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 115 16 by by IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 115 17 β/(γ β/(γ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 115 18 + + CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 115 19 ν ν NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 115 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 115 21 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 115 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 115 23 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 115 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 116 1 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 116 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 116 3 holds hold VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 116 4 exactly exactly RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 116 5 when when WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 116 6 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 116 7 = = SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 116 8 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 116 9 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 116 10 referred refer VBD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 116 11 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 116 12 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 116 13 basic basic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 116 14 reproduction reproduction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 116 15 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 116 16 R r NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 116 17 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 116 18 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 1 In in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 2 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 3 sense sense NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 5 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 6 value value NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 7 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 8 R r NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 9 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 10 being be VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 11 less less JJR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 12 than than IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 13 unity unity NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 14 indicates indicate VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 15 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 16 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 17 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 18 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 19 contained contain VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 20 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 21 if if IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 22 it -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 23 exceeds exceed VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 24 unity unity NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 25 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 26 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 27 implies imply VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 28 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 29 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 30 spread spread NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 31 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 32 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 33 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 34 continues continue VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 117 35 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 118 1 Inference inference NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 118 2 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 118 3 β β NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 118 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 118 5 γ γ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 118 6 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 118 7 ν ν NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 118 8 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 118 9 thereby thereby RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 118 10 inference inference NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 118 11 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 118 12 R r NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 118 13 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 118 14 enables enable VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 118 15 us -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 118 16 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 118 17 track track VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 118 18 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 118 19 trajectory trajectory NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 118 20 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 118 21 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 118 22 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 118 23 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 2 main main JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 3 motivation motivation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 4 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 5 employing employ VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 7 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 8 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 10 econometrics econometrics NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 11 point point NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 12 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 13 view view NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 14 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 15 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 16 conform conform VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 17 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 18 canonical canonical JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 19 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 20 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 21 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 22 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 23 actual actual JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 24 datasets dataset NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 25 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 26 pinpoint pinpoint VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 27 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 28 stance stance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 29 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 30 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 31 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 32 timely timely JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 119 33 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 1 For for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 2 that that DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 3 purpose purpose NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 6 first first RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 7 discretesize discretesize NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 9 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 11 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 12 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 13 typical typical JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 14 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 15 dataset dataset NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 16 involves involve VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 17 daily daily JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 18 observations observation NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 19 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 20 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 21 counts count NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 22 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 23 individuals individual NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 24 belonging belong VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 25 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 26 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 27 states state NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 28 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 29 health health NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 120 30 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 1 Motivated motivate VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 2 by by IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 3 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 6 specify specify VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 7 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 8 counting counting NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 9 process process NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 10 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 11 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 12 states state NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 13 using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 14 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 15 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 16 distribution distribution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 17 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 18 conditional conditional JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 19 arrivals arrival NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 20 implying imply VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 21 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 22 nonhomogenous nonhomogenous JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 23 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 24 process process NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 25 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 26 all all PDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 27 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 28 counts count NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 29 see see VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 30 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 31 example example NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 32 Allen Allen NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 34 2008 2008 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 36 ; ; : cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 37 Yan Yan NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 39 2008 2008 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 41 ; ; : cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 42 Rizoiu Rizoiu NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 43 et et NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 44 al al NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 121 45 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 122 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 122 2 2018 2018 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 122 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 122 4 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 122 5 earlier early JJR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 122 6 examples example NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 122 7 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 122 8 Li Li NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 122 9 et et NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 122 10 al al NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 122 11 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 123 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 123 2 2020 2020 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 123 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 123 4 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 123 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 123 6 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 123 7 context context NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 123 8 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 123 9 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 123 10 similar similar JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 123 11 approach approach NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 123 12 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 1 This this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 2 leads lead VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 3 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 5 following following JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 6 specification specification NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 7 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 8 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 9 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 10 evolution evolution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 11 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 12 counts count NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 13 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 14 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 15 states state NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 16 where where WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 17 Ω Ω NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 18 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 19 stands stand VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 20 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 21 information information NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 22 set set NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 23 that that WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 24 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 25 available available JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 26 up up IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 27 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 124 28 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 125 1 t. t. NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 126 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 126 2 assume assume VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 126 3 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 126 4 ∆C ∆C NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 126 5 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 126 6 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 126 7 ∆R ∆r RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 126 8 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 126 9 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 126 10 δD δd UH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 126 11 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 126 12 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 126 13 independent independent JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 126 14 conditional conditional JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 126 15 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 126 16 Ω Ω NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 126 17 t−1 t−1 NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 126 18 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 2 resulting result VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 3 distribution distribution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 4 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 6 active active JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 7 number number NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 8 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 9 infections infection NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 10 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 11 I -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 12 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 13 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 14 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 15 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 16 Skellam Skellam NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 17 distribution distribution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 19 conditional conditional JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 20 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 21 Ω Ω NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 22 t−1 t−1 WP$ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 24 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 25 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 26 mean mean NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 27 πI πI NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 28 t−1 t−1 NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 29 = = : cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 31 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 32 + + SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 33 β(R β(R NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 127 34 −1 −1 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 128 1 0 0 NFP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 128 2 − − NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 128 3 1))I 1))i CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 128 4 t−1 t−1 NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 128 5 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 128 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 128 7 variance variance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 128 8 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 128 9 β(R β(R NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 128 10 −1 −1 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 128 11 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 129 1 + + SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 129 2 1)I 1)i CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 129 3 t−1 t−1 NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 129 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 129 5 where where WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 129 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 129 7 use use VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 129 8 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 129 9 identity identity NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 129 10 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 129 11 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 129 12 last last JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 129 13 equation equation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 129 14 together together RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 129 15 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 129 16 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 129 17 definition definition NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 129 18 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 129 19 R r NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 129 20 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 129 21 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 3 stationarity stationarity NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 4 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 6 resulting result VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 7 process process NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 8 depends depend VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 9 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 10 whether whether IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 11 R r NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 12 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 13 < < XX cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 14 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 15 or or CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 16 R r NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 17 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 18 ≥ ≥ CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 19 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 20 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 21 i.e. i.e. FW cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 22 whether whether IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 23 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 24 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 25 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 26 taken take VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 27 under under IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 28 control control NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 29 or or CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 30 not not RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 130 31 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 131 1 While while IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 131 2 moments moment NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 131 3 conditional conditional JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 131 4 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 131 5 I -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 131 6 t−1 t−1 NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 131 7 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 131 8 identical identical JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 131 9 due due IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 131 10 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 131 11 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 131 12 distribution distribution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 131 13 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 131 14 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 131 15 first first JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 131 16 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 131 17 second second JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 131 18 moments moment NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 131 19 diverge diverge VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 131 20 when when WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 131 21 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 131 22 consider consider VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 131 23 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 131 24 unconditonal unconditonal JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 131 25 moments moment NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 131 26 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 132 1 In in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 132 2 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 132 3 case case NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 132 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 132 5 where where WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 132 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 132 7 assume assume VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 132 8 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 132 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 132 10 initial initial JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 132 11 condition condition NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 132 12 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 132 13 I i NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 132 14 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 132 15 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 132 16 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 132 17 known know VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 132 18 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 1 If if IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 2 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 3 initial initial JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 4 condition condition NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 5 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 6 considered consider VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 7 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 8 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 9 parameter parameter NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 10 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 11 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 12 estimated estimate VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 13 then then RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 14 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 15 variance variance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 16 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 17 further further RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 18 amplified amplify VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 19 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 20 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 21 factor factor NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 22 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 23 terms term NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 24 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 25 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 26 variance variance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 27 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 28 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 29 initial initial JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 30 condition condition NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 133 31 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 134 1 Accordingly accordingly RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 134 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 134 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 134 4 unconditional unconditional JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 134 5 moments moment NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 134 6 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 134 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 134 8 states state NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 134 9 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 134 10 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 134 11 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 134 12 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 134 13 linear linear JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 134 14 functions function NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 134 15 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 134 16 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 134 17 unconditional unconditional JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 134 18 moments moment NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 134 19 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 134 20 I I NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 134 21 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 134 22 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 135 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 135 2 refer refer VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 135 3 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 135 4 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 135 5 B.1 B.1 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 135 6 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 135 7 details detail NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 135 8 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 136 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 136 2 conduct conduct VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 136 3 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 136 4 inference inference NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 136 5 using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 136 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 136 7 likelihood likelihood NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 136 8 implied imply VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 136 9 by by IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 136 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 136 11 2 2 LS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 136 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 136 13 together together RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 136 14 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 136 15 noninformative noninformative JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 136 16 priors prior NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 136 17 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 136 18 estimating estimate VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 136 19 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 136 20 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 136 21 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 136 22 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 3 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 4 all all PDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 6 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 7 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 9 use use VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 10 independent independent JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 11 Metropolis Metropolis NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 12 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 13 Hastings Hastings NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 14 algorithm algorithm NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 15 using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 16 Normal normal JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 17 distribution distribution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 18 around around IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 19 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 20 posterior posterior JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 21 mode mode NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 22 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 23 Hessian Hessian NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 24 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 25 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 26 candidate candidate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 27 density density NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 28 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 29 see see VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 30 Robert Robert NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 31 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 32 Casella Casella NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 34 2013 2013 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 36 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 37 details detail NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 137 38 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 138 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 138 2 use use VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 138 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 138 4 data datum NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 138 5 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 138 6 selected select VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 138 7 set set NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 138 8 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 138 9 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 138 10 starting start VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 138 11 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 138 12 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 138 13 early early JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 138 14 days day NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 138 15 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 138 16 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 138 17 until until IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 138 18 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 138 19 end end NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 138 20 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 138 21 second second JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 138 22 week week NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 138 23 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 138 24 June June NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 138 25 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 139 1 For for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 139 2 each each DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 139 3 country country NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 139 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 139 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 139 6 use use VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 139 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 139 8 day day NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 139 9 when when WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 139 10 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 139 11 number number NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 139 12 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 139 13 confirmed confirm VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 139 14 cases case NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 139 15 exceeds exceed VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 139 16 1000 1000 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 139 17 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 139 18 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 139 19 starting starting NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 139 20 point point NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 139 21 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 139 22 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 139 23 sample sample NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 139 24 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 140 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 140 2 display display VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 140 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 140 4 dataset dataset NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 140 5 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 140 6 Table Table NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 140 7 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 140 8 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 141 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 141 2 Insert Insert NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 141 3 Table Table NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 141 4 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 141 5 about about IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 141 6 here here RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 141 7 ] ] -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 142 1 These these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 142 2 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 142 3 exhibit exhibit VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 142 4 extensive extensive JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 142 5 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 142 6 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 142 7 terms term NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 142 8 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 142 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 142 10 experience experience NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 142 11 related relate VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 142 12 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 142 13 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 142 14 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 1 Some some DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 2 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 3 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 4 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 5 set set NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 6 impose impose VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 7 strict strict JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 8 measures measure NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 9 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 10 full full JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 11 lockdown lockdown NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 12 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 13 successful successful JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 14 policies policy NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 15 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 16 testing testing NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 17 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 18 tracing trace VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 19 promptly promptly RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 20 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 21 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 22 onset onset NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 23 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 24 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 25 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 26 including include VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 27 South South NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 28 Korea Korea NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 29 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 30 while while IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 31 other other JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 32 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 33 including include VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 34 Italy Italy NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 35 has have VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 36 imposed impose VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 37 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 38 immense immense JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 39 measures measure NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 40 after after IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 41 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 42 certain certain JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 43 threshold threshold NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 44 regarding regard VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 45 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 46 number number NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 47 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 48 infected infected JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 49 individuals individual NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 143 50 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 144 1 Some some DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 144 2 others other NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 144 3 opt opt VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 144 4 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 144 5 imposing impose VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 144 6 mixed mixed JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 144 7 strategies strategy NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 144 8 involving involve VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 144 9 partial partial JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 144 10 lockdowns lockdown NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 144 11 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 144 12 voluntary voluntary JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 144 13 quarantine quarantine NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 144 14 such such JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 144 15 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 144 16 Turkey Turkey NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 144 17 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 144 18 US US NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 144 19 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 145 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 145 2 also also RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 145 3 include include VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 145 4 other other JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 145 5 interesting interesting JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 145 6 cases case NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 145 7 including include VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 145 8 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 145 9 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 145 10 Russia Russia NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 145 11 who who WP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 145 12 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 145 13 going go VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 145 14 through through IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 145 15 differential differential JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 145 16 phases phase NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 145 17 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 145 18 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 145 19 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 145 20 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 146 1 Finally finally RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 146 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 146 3 Iran Iran NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 146 4 experiences experience VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 146 5 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 146 6 second second JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 146 7 wave wave NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 146 8 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 146 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 146 10 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 146 11 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 146 12 though though IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 146 13 South South NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 146 14 Korea Korea NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 146 15 seems seem VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 146 16 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 146 17 start start VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 146 18 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 146 19 similar similar JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 146 20 pattern pattern NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 146 21 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 146 22 albeit albeit IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 146 23 much much RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 146 24 milder mild JJR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 146 25 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 1 Hence hence RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 3 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 4 relatively relatively RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 5 rich rich JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 6 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 7 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 8 dataset dataset NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 9 involving involve VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 10 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 11 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 12 all all DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 13 sorts sort NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 14 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 15 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 16 experience experience NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 17 enables enable VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 18 us -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 19 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 20 examine examine VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 21 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 22 success success NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 23 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 24 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 25 econometric econometric JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 26 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 27 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 28 tracking track VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 29 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 30 changes change NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 31 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 32 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 33 structural structural JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 34 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 35 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 36 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 37 response response NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 38 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 39 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 40 policy policy NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 41 implementations implementation NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 147 42 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 148 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 148 2 estimates estimate NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 148 3 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 148 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 148 5 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 148 6 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 148 7 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 148 8 displayed display VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 148 9 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 148 10 Table Table NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 148 11 2 2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 148 12 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 149 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 149 2 Insert Insert NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 149 3 Table Table NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 149 4 2 2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 149 5 about about IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 149 6 here here RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 149 7 ] ] -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 150 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 150 2 first first RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 150 3 focus focus VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 150 4 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 150 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 150 6 basic basic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 150 7 reproduction reproduction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 150 8 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 150 9 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 150 10 R r NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 150 11 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 150 12 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 150 13 displayed display VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 150 14 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 150 15 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 150 16 last last JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 150 17 column column NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 150 18 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 150 19 Table Table NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 150 20 2 2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 150 21 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 151 1 For for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 151 2 all all DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 151 3 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 151 4 but but CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 151 5 South South NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 151 6 Korea Korea NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 151 7 R r NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 151 8 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 151 9 exceeds exceed VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 151 10 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 151 11 threshold threshold NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 151 12 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 151 13 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 151 14 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 151 15 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 151 16 some some DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 151 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 151 18 also also RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 151 19 exceeds exceed VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 151 20 2 2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 151 21 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 1 Apparently apparently RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 3 when when WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 5 full full JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 6 sample sample NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 7 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 8 several several JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 9 days day NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 10 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 11 taken take VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 12 into into IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 13 account account NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 14 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 15 estimation estimation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 16 results result NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 17 show show VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 18 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 19 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 20 almost almost RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 21 none none NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 22 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 23 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 24 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 25 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 26 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 27 sample sample NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 28 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 29 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 30 could could MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 31 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 32 taken take VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 33 under under IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 34 control control NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 152 35 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 1 For for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 2 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 3 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 4 Russia Russia NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 5 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 6 US US NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 7 who who WP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 8 experience experience VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 9 relatively relatively RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 10 prolonged prolonged JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 11 earlier early JJR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 12 phases phase NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 13 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 14 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 15 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 16 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 17 estimate estimate VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 18 an an DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 19 R r NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 20 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 21 that that WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 22 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 23 very very RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 24 close close JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 25 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 26 2 2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 27 or or CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 28 that that WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 29 exceeds exceed VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 30 2 2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 31 departing depart VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 32 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 33 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 34 rest rest NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 35 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 36 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 37 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 38 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 39 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 40 sample sample NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 153 41 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 154 1 This this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 154 2 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 154 3 due due JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 154 4 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 154 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 154 6 almost almost RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 154 7 exceptional exceptional JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 154 8 low low JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 154 9 recovery recovery NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 154 10 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 154 11 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 154 12 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 154 13 case case NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 154 14 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 154 15 US US NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 154 16 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 154 17 high high JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 154 18 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 154 19 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 154 20 infection infection NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 154 21 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 154 22 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 154 23 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 155 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 155 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 155 3 two two CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 155 4 groups group NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 155 5 come come VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 155 6 into into IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 155 7 view view NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 155 8 considering consider VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 155 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 155 10 infection infection NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 155 11 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 155 12 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 156 1 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 156 2 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 156 3 Iran Iran NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 156 4 constitute constitute VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 156 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 156 6 group group NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 156 7 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 156 8 high high JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 156 9 infection infection NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 156 10 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 156 11 departing depart VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 156 12 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 156 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 156 14 remaining remain VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 156 15 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 156 16 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 157 1 A a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 157 2 similar similar JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 157 3 grouping grouping NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 157 4 appears appear VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 157 5 also also RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 157 6 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 157 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 157 8 mortality mortality NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 157 9 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 157 10 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 158 1 In in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 158 2 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 158 3 case case NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 158 4 Italy Italy NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 158 5 joins join VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 158 6 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 158 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 158 8 group group NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 158 9 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 158 10 high high JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 158 11 mortality mortality NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 158 12 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 158 13 together together RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 158 14 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 158 15 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 158 16 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 158 17 Iran Iran NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 158 18 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 159 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 159 2 estimation estimation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 159 3 results result VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 159 4 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 159 5 Table table NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 159 6 2 2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 159 7 rely rely VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 159 8 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 159 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 159 10 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 159 11 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 159 12 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 159 13 fixed fix VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 159 14 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 159 15 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 159 16 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 159 17 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 159 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 159 19 2 2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 159 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 159 21 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 1 While while IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 3 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 4 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 6 second second JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 7 week week NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 8 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 9 June June NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 11 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 12 widely widely RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 13 accepted accept VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 14 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 15 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 16 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 17 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 18 taken take VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 19 under under IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 20 control control NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 21 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 22 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 23 including include VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 24 South South NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 25 Korea Korea NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 26 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 27 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 28 still still RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 29 obtain obtain VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 30 an an DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 31 R r NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 32 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 33 very very RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 34 close close JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 35 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 36 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 160 37 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 1 This this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 2 might may MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 3 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 4 due due JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 5 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 6 rapid rapid JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 7 pace pace NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 8 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 9 infectiousness infectiousness NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 10 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 11 captured capture VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 12 by by IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 13 β β NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 14 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 15 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 16 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 17 onset onset NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 18 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 19 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 20 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 21 which which WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 22 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 23 brought bring VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 24 under under IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 25 control control NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 26 due due IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 27 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 28 rapidly rapidly RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 29 imposed impose VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 30 measures measure NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 161 31 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 3 increasing increase VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 4 knowledge knowledge NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 5 about about IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 7 SARS SARS NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 8 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 9 Cov-2 Cov-2 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 10 virus virus NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 11 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 12 availability availability NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 13 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 14 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 15 medical medical JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 16 care care NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 17 facilities facility NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 18 such such JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 19 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 20 ICU ICU NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 21 's 's POS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 22 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 23 more more RBR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 24 effective effective JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 25 treatment treatment NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 26 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 27 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 28 infection infection NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 29 potentially potentially RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 30 lead lead VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 31 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 32 changes change NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 33 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 34 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 35 recovery recovery NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 36 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 37 γ γ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 38 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 39 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 40 mortality mortality NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 41 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 42 ν ν NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 162 43 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 4 might may MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 5 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 6 crucial crucial JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 7 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 8 model model VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 9 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 10 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 11 variation variation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 12 efficiently efficiently RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 13 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 14 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 15 data data NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 16 scarce scarce JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 17 environment environment NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 18 allowing allow VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 19 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 20 estimation estimation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 21 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 22 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 23 onset onset NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 24 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 25 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 26 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 27 as as RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 28 well well RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 163 29 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 164 1 In in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 164 2 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 164 3 section section NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 164 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 164 5 put put VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 164 6 forward forward RP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 164 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 164 8 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 164 9 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 164 10 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 164 11 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 164 12 varying vary VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 164 13 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 164 14 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 1 For for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 2 modeling model VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 4 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 5 variation variation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 7 use use VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 8 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 9 framework framework NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 10 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 11 Generalized Generalized NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 12 Autoregressive Autoregressive NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 13 Score Score NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 14 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 16 GAS gas NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 17 hereafter hereafter RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 19 which which WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 20 encompasses encompass VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 21 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 22 wide wide JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 23 range range NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 24 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 25 celebrated celebrate VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 26 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 27 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 28 econometrics econometric NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 29 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 30 including include VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 31 Generalized Generalized NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 32 Autoregressive Autoregressive NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 33 Conditional Conditional NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 34 Heeteroscedasticity Heeteroscedasticity NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 35 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 37 GARCH garch NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 39 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 40 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 41 variants variant NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 165 42 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 1 Briefly briefly RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 4 GAS gas NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 5 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 6 relies rely VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 7 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 8 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 9 intuitive intuitive JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 10 principle principle NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 11 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 12 modeling model VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 14 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 15 variation variation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 16 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 17 key key JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 18 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 19 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 20 an an DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 21 autoregressive autoregressive JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 22 manner manner NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 23 which which WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 24 evolves evolve VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 25 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 26 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 27 direction direction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 28 implied imply VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 29 by by IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 30 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 31 score score NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 32 function function NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 33 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 34 thereby thereby RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 35 improving improve VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 36 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 38 local local JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 40 likelihood likelihood NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 41 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 42 see see VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 43 Creal Creal NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 44 et et NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 45 al al NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 166 46 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 167 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 167 2 2013 2013 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 167 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 167 4 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 167 5 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 167 6 detailed detailed JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 167 7 analysis analysis NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 167 8 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 167 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 167 10 GAS gas NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 167 11 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 167 12 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 168 1 As as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 168 2 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 168 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 168 4 case case NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 168 5 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 168 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 168 7 GARCH GARCH NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 168 8 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 168 9 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 168 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 168 11 effectively effectively RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 168 12 captures capture VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 168 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 168 14 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 168 15 dependence dependence NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 168 16 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 168 17 long long JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 168 18 lags lag NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 168 19 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 168 20 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 168 21 parsimonious parsimonious JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 168 22 yet yet CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 168 23 quite quite RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 168 24 flexible flexible JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 168 25 structure structure NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 168 26 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 169 1 Perhaps perhaps RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 169 2 more more RBR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 169 3 importantly importantly RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 169 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 169 5 since since IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 169 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 169 7 admits admit VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 169 8 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 169 9 recursive recursive JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 169 10 deterministic deterministic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 169 11 structure structure NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 169 12 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 169 13 resulting result VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 169 14 data datum NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 169 15 driven drive VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 169 16 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 169 17 variation variation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 169 18 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 169 19 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 169 20 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 169 21 computationally computationally RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 169 22 inexpensive inexpensive JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 169 23 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 169 24 estimate estimate VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 169 25 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 1 This this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 2 might may MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 3 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 4 crucial crucial JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 5 given give VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 6 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 7 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 8 flexible flexible JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 9 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 10 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 11 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 12 throughout throughout IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 14 course course NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 15 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 16 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 17 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 18 when when WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 19 data data NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 20 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 21 often often RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 22 scarce scarce JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 23 especially especially RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 24 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 25 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 26 onset onset NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 27 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 28 it -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 170 29 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 171 1 Consider consider VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 171 2 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 171 3 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 171 4 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 171 5 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 171 6 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 171 7 varying vary VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 171 8 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 171 9 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 171 10 β β NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 171 11 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 171 12 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 171 13 γ γ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 171 14 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 171 15 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 171 16 ν ν NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 171 17 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 171 18 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 172 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 172 2 first first RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 172 3 transform transform VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 172 4 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 172 5 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 172 6 into into IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 172 7 logarithmic logarithmic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 172 8 terms term NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 172 9 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 172 10 ensure ensure VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 172 11 positivity positivity NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 172 12 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 172 13 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 172 14 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 172 15 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 172 16 thereby thereby RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 172 17 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 172 18 positivity positivity NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 172 19 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 172 20 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 172 21 predicted predict VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 172 22 counts count NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 172 23 every every DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 172 24 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 172 25 period period NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 172 26 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 173 1 Let let VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 173 2 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 173 3 parameter parameter NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 173 4 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 173 5 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 173 6 tilde tilde NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 173 7 denote denote VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 173 8 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 173 9 logarithmic logarithmic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 173 10 transformations transformation NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 173 11 asβ asβ IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 173 12 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 173 13 = = SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 173 14 ln(β ln(β NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 173 15 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 173 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 173 17 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 173 18 γ γ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 173 19 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 173 20 = = SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 173 21 ln(γ ln(γ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 173 22 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 173 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 174 1 andν andν NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 175 1 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 175 2 = = SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 175 3 ln(ν ln(ν NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 175 4 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 175 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 175 6 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 176 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 176 2 resulting result VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 176 3 Time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 176 4 Varying vary VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 176 5 Paramaters Paramaters NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 176 6 -SIRD -SIRD . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 2 TVP TVP NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 3 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 4 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 6 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 7 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 8 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 9 follows follow VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 10 where where WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 11 s s NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 12 1,t 1,t CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 13 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 14 s s NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 15 2,t 2,t CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 16 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 17 s s NNPS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 18 3,t 3,t CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 19 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 20 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 22 scaled scale VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 24 score score NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 25 functions function NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 26 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 27 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 28 joint joint JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 29 likelihood likelihood NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 177 30 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 1 Since since IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 2 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 3 likelihood likelihood NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 4 function function NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 5 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 7 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 8 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 9 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 10 constituted constitute VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 11 by by IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 12 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 14 conditionally conditionally RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 16 independent independent JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 17 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 18 processes process NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 19 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 20 each each DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 21 score score NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 22 function function NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 23 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 24 derived derive VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 25 using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 26 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 27 corresponding correspond VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 28 compartment compartment NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 178 29 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 179 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 179 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 179 3 let let VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 179 4 ∇ ∇ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 179 5 1,t 1,t CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 179 6 = = SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 179 7 ∂L(∆Ct;βt ∂L(∆Ct;βt . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 179 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 1 ∂βt ∂βt NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 3 ∇ ∇ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 4 2,t 2,t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 5 = = SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 6 ∂L(∆Rt;γt ∂L(∆Rt;γt NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 8 ∂γt ∂γt . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 9 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 10 ∇ ∇ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 11 3,t 3,t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 12 = = SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 13 ∂L(∆Dt;νt ∂L(∆Dt;νt NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 15 ∂νt ∂νt . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 16 denote denote VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 17 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 18 score score NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 19 functions function NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 20 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 21 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 22 likelihood likelihood NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 23 function function NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 24 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 25 period period NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 26 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 27 observation observation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 180 28 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 2 specify specify VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 3 s s NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 4 i i PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 5 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 6 t t VBD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 7 such such JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 8 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 10 score score NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 11 functions function NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 12 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 13 scaled scale VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 14 by by IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 16 variance variance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 17 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 18 In in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 19 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 20 specific specific JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 21 case case NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 22 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 23 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 24 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 25 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 26 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 27 modeling modeling NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 28 strategy strategy NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 29 leads lead VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 30 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 31 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 32 following following JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 33 specification specification NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 34 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 35 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 37 scaled scale VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 38 score score NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 39 functions function NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 41 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 42 terms term NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 43 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 44 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 45 logarithmic logarithmic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 46 link link NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 47 function function NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 48 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 49 λ λ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 50 2,t 2,t CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 51 = = SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 52 γ γ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 181 53 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 182 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 182 2 t−1 t−1 VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 182 3 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 182 4 λ λ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 182 5 3,t 3,t CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 182 6 = = NFP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 183 1 ν ν NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 183 2 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 184 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 185 1 t−1 t−1 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 185 2 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 2 resulting result VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 3 specification specification NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 4 implies imply VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 5 an an DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 6 intuitive intuitive JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 7 updating updating NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 8 rule rule NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 9 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 10 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 11 sense sense NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 12 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 14 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 16 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 17 logarithmic logarithmic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 18 form form NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 20 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 21 updated update VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 22 using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 23 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 24 combination combination NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 25 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 26 recent recent JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 27 parameter parameter NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 28 value value NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 29 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 30 recent recent JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 31 percentage percentage NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 32 deviation deviation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 33 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 34 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 35 mean mean NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 186 36 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 187 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 187 2 refer refer VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 187 3 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 187 4 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 187 5 A A NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 187 6 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 187 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 187 8 details detail NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 187 9 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 187 10 derivation derivation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 187 11 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 187 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 187 13 5 5 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 187 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 187 15 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 188 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 188 2 specification specification NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 188 3 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 188 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 188 5 4 4 LS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 188 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 188 7 leads lead VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 188 8 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 188 9 quite quite RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 188 10 rich rich JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 188 11 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 188 12 both both CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 188 13 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 188 14 terms term NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 188 15 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 188 16 mean mean NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 188 17 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 188 18 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 188 19 variance variance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 188 20 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 188 21 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 188 22 resulting result VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 188 23 process process NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 188 24 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 1 This this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 2 enables enable VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 3 us -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 4 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 5 capture capture VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 7 evolution evolution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 8 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 10 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 11 accurately accurately RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 12 which which WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 13 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 14 reflected reflect VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 15 as as RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 16 timely timely JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 17 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 18 prompt prompt JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 19 response response NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 20 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 21 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 22 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 23 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 24 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 25 changes change NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 26 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 27 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 28 data datum NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 29 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 30 i.e. i.e. FW cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 31 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 32 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 33 states state NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 34 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 35 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 36 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 189 37 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 190 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 190 2 refer refer VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 190 3 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 190 4 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 190 5 B.2 B.2 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 190 6 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 190 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 190 8 details detail NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 190 9 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 190 10 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 190 11 properties property NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 190 12 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 190 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 190 14 process process NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 190 15 described describe VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 190 16 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 190 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 190 18 4 4 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 190 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 190 20 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 191 1 An an DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 191 2 appealing appealing JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 191 3 feature feature NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 191 4 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 191 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 191 6 TVP TVP NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 191 7 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 191 8 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 191 9 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 191 10 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 191 11 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 191 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 191 13 encompasses encompass VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 191 14 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 191 15 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 191 16 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 191 17 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 191 18 fixed fix VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 191 19 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 191 20 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 1 For for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 2 example example NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 3 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 4 when when WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 5 α α NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 6 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 7 = = SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 8 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 9 together together RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 10 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 11 α α NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 12 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 13 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 14 α α NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 15 2 2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 16 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 17 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 18 zero zero CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 19 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 20 then then RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 21 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 22 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 23 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 24 infection infection NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 25 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 26 β β NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 27 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 28 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 29 remains remain VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 30 fixed fix VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 31 over over IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 32 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 33 course course NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 34 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 35 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 192 36 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 193 1 This this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 193 2 would would MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 193 3 indicate indicate VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 193 4 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 193 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 193 6 lockdown lockdown NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 193 7 measures measure NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 193 8 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 193 9 proved prove VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 193 10 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 193 11 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 193 12 ineffective ineffective JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 193 13 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 193 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 193 15 does do VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 193 16 not not RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 193 17 lead lead VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 193 18 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 193 19 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 193 20 systematic systematic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 193 21 change change NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 193 22 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 193 23 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 193 24 infection infection NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 193 25 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 193 26 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 194 1 Similar similar JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 194 2 reasoning reasoning NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 194 3 also also RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 194 4 applies apply VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 194 5 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 194 6 γ γ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 194 7 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 194 8 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 194 9 ν ν NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 194 10 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 194 11 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 195 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 195 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 195 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 195 4 provides provide VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 195 5 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 195 6 solid solid JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 195 7 framework framework NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 195 8 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 195 9 statistically statistically RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 195 10 testing test VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 195 11 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 195 12 efficiency efficiency NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 195 13 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 195 14 measures measure NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 195 15 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 195 16 taking take VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 195 17 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 195 18 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 195 19 under under IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 195 20 control control NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 195 21 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 196 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 196 2 display display VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 196 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 196 4 estimates estimate NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 196 5 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 196 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 196 7 underlying underlying JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 196 8 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 196 9 governing govern VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 196 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 196 11 logarithms logarithm NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 196 12 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 196 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 197 1 β β NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 197 2 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 197 3 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 197 4 γ γ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 197 5 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 197 6 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 197 7 ν ν NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 197 8 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 197 9 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 197 10 Table Table NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 197 11 3 3 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 197 12 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 198 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 198 2 Insert Insert NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 198 3 Table Table NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 198 4 3 3 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 198 5 about about IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 198 6 here here RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 198 7 ] ] -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 199 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 199 2 parameter parameter NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 199 3 estimates estimate NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 199 4 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 199 5 Table table NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 199 6 3 3 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 199 7 indicate indicate VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 199 8 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 199 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 199 10 structural structural JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 199 11 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 199 12 governing govern VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 199 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 199 14 diffusion diffusion NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 199 15 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 199 16 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 199 17 infection infection NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 199 18 exhibit exhibit NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 199 19 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 199 20 varying vary VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 199 21 behaviour behaviour NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 199 22 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 200 1 For for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 200 2 all all PDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 200 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 200 4 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 200 5 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 200 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 200 7 95 95 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 200 8 % % NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 200 9 credible credible JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 200 10 intervals interval NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 200 11 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 200 12 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 200 13 posterior posterior JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 200 14 joint joint JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 200 15 distribution distribution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 200 16 exclude exclude VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 200 17 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 200 18 set set NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 200 19 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 200 20 α α NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 200 21 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 200 22 = = NFP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 201 1 α α NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 201 2 2 2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 201 3 = = SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 201 4 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 201 5 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 201 6 α α NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 201 7 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 201 8 = = SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 201 9 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 201 10 implying imply VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 201 11 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 201 12 β β NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 201 13 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 201 14 indeed indeed RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 201 15 varies vary VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 201 16 over over IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 201 17 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 201 18 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 2 same same JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 3 conclusion conclusion NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 4 also also RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 5 applies apply VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 6 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 8 recovery recovery NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 9 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 10 γ γ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 11 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 12 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 13 mortality mortality NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 14 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 15 ν ν NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 16 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 17 which which WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 18 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 19 considered consider VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 20 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 21 constant constant JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 22 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 23 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 24 vast vast JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 25 majority majority NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 26 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 27 studies study NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 202 28 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 2 display display VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 4 evolution evolution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 5 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 7 underlying underlying JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 8 structural structural JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 9 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 10 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 11 β β NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 12 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 13 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 14 γ γ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 15 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 16 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 17 ν ν NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 18 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 19 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 20 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 21 resulting result VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 22 R r NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 23 0,t 0,t CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 24 over over IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 25 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 26 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 27 Figure figure NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 28 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 203 29 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 204 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 204 2 Insert Insert NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 204 3 Figure Figure NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 204 4 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 204 5 about about IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 204 6 here here RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 204 7 ] ] -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 2 recovery recovery NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 3 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 4 seems seem VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 5 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 6 have have VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 7 less less JJR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 8 variation variation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 9 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 10 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 11 majority majority NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 12 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 13 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 14 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 15 which which WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 16 usually usually RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 17 starts start VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 18 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 19 low low JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 20 levels level NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 21 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 22 still still RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 23 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 24 first first JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 25 wave wave NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 26 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 27 recoveries recovery NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 28 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 29 limited limited JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 30 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 31 then then RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 32 getting get VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 33 stabilized stabilize VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 34 around around IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 35 some some DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 36 fixed fix VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 37 values value NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 205 38 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 206 1 Turkey Turkey NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 206 2 seems seem VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 206 3 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 206 4 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 206 5 an an DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 206 6 exception exception NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 206 7 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 206 8 an an DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 206 9 increasing increase VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 206 10 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 206 11 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 206 12 recovery recovery NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 206 13 towards towards IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 206 14 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 206 15 end end NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 206 16 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 206 17 April April NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 206 18 first first RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 206 19 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 206 20 then then RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 206 21 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 206 22 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 206 23 end end NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 206 24 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 1 May. May NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 2 This this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 3 high high JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 4 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 5 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 6 recovery recovery NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 7 coincides coincide VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 8 perfectly perfectly RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 9 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 10 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 11 days day NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 12 right right RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 13 after after IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 14 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 15 peak peak NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 16 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 17 active active JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 18 cases case NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 19 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 20 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 21 end end NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 22 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 23 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 24 third third JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 25 week week NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 26 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 27 April April NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 207 28 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 208 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 208 2 also also RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 208 3 note note VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 208 4 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 208 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 208 6 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 208 7 around around IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 208 8 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 208 9 values value NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 208 10 also also RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 208 11 rises rise VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 208 12 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 208 13 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 208 14 result result NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 208 15 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 208 16 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 208 17 rapid rapid JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 208 18 change change NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 208 19 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 1 For for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 2 Italy Italy NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 3 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 4 Russia Russia NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 6 improvement improvement NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 7 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 8 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 9 recovery recovery NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 10 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 11 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 12 quite quite RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 13 gradual gradual JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 14 approaching approach VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 15 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 16 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 17 stable stable JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 18 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 19 high high JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 20 level level NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 21 only only RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 22 towards towards IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 23 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 24 last last JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 25 week week NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 26 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 209 27 May. May NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 210 1 When when WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 210 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 210 3 consider consider VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 210 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 210 5 mortality mortality NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 210 6 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 210 7 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 210 8 an an DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 210 9 interesting interesting JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 210 10 structure structure NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 210 11 emerges emerge VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 210 12 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 211 1 For for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 211 2 all all DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 211 3 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 211 4 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 211 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 211 6 exception exception NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 211 7 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 211 8 South South NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 211 9 Korea Korea NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 211 10 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 211 11 value value NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 211 12 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 211 13 mortality mortality NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 211 14 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 211 15 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 211 16 smoothly smoothly RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 211 17 stabilized stabilize VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 211 18 around around IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 211 19 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 211 20 fixed fix VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 211 21 value value NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 211 22 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 1 While while IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 2 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 3 fixed fix VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 4 value value NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 5 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 6 0.001 0.001 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 7 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 8 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 9 majority majority NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 10 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 11 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 12 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 14 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 15 lower low JJR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 16 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 17 South South NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 18 Korea Korea NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 19 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 20 larger large JJR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 21 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 22 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 23 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 24 Iran Iran NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 25 reflecting reflect VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 26 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 27 varying vary VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 28 capability capability NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 29 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 30 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 31 health health NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 32 systems system NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 33 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 34 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 35 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 36 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 37 coping cope VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 38 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 39 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 40 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 212 41 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 213 1 For for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 213 2 South South NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 213 3 Korea Korea NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 213 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 213 5 mortality mortality NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 213 6 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 213 7 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 213 8 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 213 9 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 213 10 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 213 11 quite quite RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 213 12 low low JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 213 13 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 214 1 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 214 2 seemingly seemingly RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 214 3 volatile volatile JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 214 4 nature nature NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 214 5 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 214 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 214 7 mortality mortality NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 214 8 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 214 9 might may MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 214 10 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 214 11 due due JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 214 12 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 214 13 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 214 14 minuscule minuscule JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 214 15 rates rate NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 214 16 prone prone JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 214 17 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 214 18 fluctuations fluctuation NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 214 19 over over IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 214 20 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 214 21 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 215 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 215 2 course course NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 215 3 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 215 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 215 5 reproduction reproduction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 215 6 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 215 7 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 215 8 R r NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 215 9 0,t 0,t CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 215 10 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 215 11 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 215 12 central central JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 215 13 importance importance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 215 14 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 215 15 tracing trace VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 215 16 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 215 17 efficacy efficacy NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 215 18 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 215 19 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 215 20 containment containment NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 215 21 efforts effort NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 215 22 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 215 23 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 215 24 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 215 25 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 216 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 216 2 last last JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 216 3 column column NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 216 4 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 216 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 216 6 Figure figure NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 216 7 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 216 8 displays display VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 216 9 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 216 10 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 216 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 216 12 discuss discuss VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 216 13 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 216 14 findings finding NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 216 15 country country NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 216 16 by by IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 216 17 country country NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 216 18 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 217 1 For for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 217 2 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 217 3 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 217 4 although although IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 217 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 217 6 reproduction reproduction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 217 7 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 217 8 has have VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 217 9 decreased decrease VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 217 10 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 217 11 record record JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 217 12 high high JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 217 13 levels level NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 217 14 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 217 15 values value NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 217 16 around around IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 217 17 2 2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 217 18 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 217 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 217 20 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 217 21 still still RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 217 22 larger large JJR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 217 23 than than IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 217 24 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 217 25 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 1 Even even RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 2 more more RBR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 3 crucially crucially RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 6 drop drop NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 7 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 8 2 2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 9 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 10 values value NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 11 just just RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 12 above above IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 13 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 14 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 15 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 16 beginning beginning NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 17 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 18 June June NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 19 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 20 due due JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 21 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 22 sudden sudden JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 23 increase increase NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 24 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 25 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 26 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 27 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 28 recovery recovery NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 29 rather rather RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 30 than than IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 31 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 32 decrease decrease NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 33 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 34 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 35 infection infection NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 36 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 218 37 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 219 1 For for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 219 2 Italy Italy NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 219 3 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 219 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 219 5 reproduction reproduction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 219 6 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 219 7 has have VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 219 8 fallen fall VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 219 9 below below IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 219 10 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 219 11 value value NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 219 12 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 219 13 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 219 14 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 219 15 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 219 16 beginning beginning NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 219 17 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 219 18 May May NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 219 19 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 219 20 remained remain VBD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 219 21 there there RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 219 22 since since IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 219 23 then then RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 219 24 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 220 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 220 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 220 3 Italy Italy NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 220 4 seems seem VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 220 5 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 220 6 take take VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 220 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 220 8 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 220 9 successfully successfully RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 220 10 under under IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 220 11 control control NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 220 12 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 221 1 For for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 221 2 Iran Iran NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 221 3 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 221 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 221 5 reproduction reproduction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 221 6 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 221 7 fell fall VBD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 221 8 below below IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 221 9 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 221 10 as as RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 221 11 early early RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 221 12 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 221 13 mid mid JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 221 14 April April NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 222 1 but but CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 222 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 222 3 has have VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 222 4 exceeded exceed VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 222 5 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 222 6 critical critical JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 222 7 threshold threshold NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 222 8 starting start VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 222 9 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 222 10 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 222 11 second second JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 222 12 week week NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 222 13 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 222 14 May May NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 222 15 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 222 16 still still RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 222 17 remains remain VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 222 18 above above IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 222 19 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 222 20 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 1 As as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 2 discussed discuss VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 3 earlier early RBR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 5 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 6 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 7 due due JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 8 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 10 increasing increase VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 11 infection infection NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 12 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 13 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 14 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 15 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 16 large large JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 17 extent extent NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 18 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 19 reflecting reflect VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 20 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 21 potential potential JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 22 threat threat NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 23 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 24 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 25 second second JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 26 wave wave NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 223 27 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 1 A a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 2 similar similar JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 3 pattern pattern NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 4 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 5 also also RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 6 observed observe VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 7 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 8 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 10 repeat repeat VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 11 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 12 process process NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 13 by by IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 14 adding add VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 15 one one CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 16 more more JJR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 17 observation observation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 19 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 20 dropping drop VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 21 one one CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 22 observation observation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 23 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 24 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 25 beginning beginning NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 26 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 27 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 28 sample sample NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 30 recursively recursively RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 224 31 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 2 consider consider VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 3 three three CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 4 cases case NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 5 by by IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 6 setting set VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 7 M M NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 8 = = SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 9 10 10 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 10 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 11 20 20 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 12 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 13 30 30 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 14 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 15 i.e. i.e. FW cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 16 starting start VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 17 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 18 ten ten CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 19 days day NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 20 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 21 data datum NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 22 up up IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 23 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 24 one one CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 25 month month NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 26 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 27 data datum NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 225 28 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 1 For for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 2 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 3 TVP TVP NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 4 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 5 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 6 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 8 use use VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 10 expanding expand VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 11 window window NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 12 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 13 hand hand NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 14 up up RP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 15 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 16 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 17 period period NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 18 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 19 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 20 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 21 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 22 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 23 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 24 case case NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 25 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 26 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 27 varying vary VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 226 28 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 2 display display VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 4 evolution evolution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 5 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 7 structural structural JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 8 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 9 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 10 β β NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 11 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 12 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 13 γ γ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 14 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 15 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 16 ν ν NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 17 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 18 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 19 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 20 resulting result VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 21 R r NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 22 0,t 0,t CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 23 over over IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 24 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 25 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 26 Figure figure NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 27 2 2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 227 28 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 228 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 228 2 Insert Insert NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 228 3 Figure Figure NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 228 4 2 2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 228 5 about about IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 228 6 here here RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 228 7 ] ] -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 1 When when WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 3 consider consider VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 5 rolling rolling JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 6 window window NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 7 estimates estimate NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 8 using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 10 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 11 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 12 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 13 fixed fix VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 14 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 15 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 16 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 17 observe observe VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 18 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 19 there there EX cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 20 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 21 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 22 trade trade NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 23 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 24 off off NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 25 between between IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 26 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 27 speed speed NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 28 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 29 reaction reaction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 30 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 31 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 32 evolution evolution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 33 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 34 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 35 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 36 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 37 window window NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 38 size size NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 39 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 40 expected expect VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 229 41 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 230 1 When when WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 230 2 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 230 3 window window NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 230 4 size size NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 230 5 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 230 6 taken take VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 230 7 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 230 8 30 30 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 230 9 days day NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 230 10 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 230 11 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 230 12 evolve evolve VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 230 13 quite quite RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 230 14 smoothly smoothly RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 230 15 but but CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 230 16 can can MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 230 17 not not RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 230 18 react react VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 230 19 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 230 20 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 230 21 rapid rapid JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 230 22 changes change NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 230 23 promptly promptly RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 230 24 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 231 1 On on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 231 2 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 231 3 contrary contrary NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 231 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 231 5 when when WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 231 6 10 10 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 231 7 days day NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 231 8 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 231 9 window window NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 231 10 size size NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 231 11 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 231 12 used use VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 231 13 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 231 14 adjust adjust VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 231 15 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 231 16 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 231 17 new new JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 231 18 conditions condition NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 231 19 more more RBR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 231 20 quickly quickly RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 231 21 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 1 When when WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 3 focus focus VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 4 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 6 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 7 varying vary VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 8 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 9 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 10 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 11 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 12 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 13 observe observe VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 14 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 15 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 16 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 17 can can MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 18 accommodate accommodate VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 19 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 20 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 21 newly newly RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 22 changing change VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 23 conditions condition NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 24 swiftly swiftly RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 25 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 26 ahead ahead RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 27 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 28 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 29 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 30 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 31 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 32 fixed fix VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 33 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 34 regardless regardless RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 35 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 36 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 37 window window NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 38 size size NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 232 39 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 233 1 In in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 233 2 addition addition NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 233 3 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 233 4 they -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 233 5 can can MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 233 6 also also RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 233 7 react react VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 233 8 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 233 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 233 10 abrupt abrupt JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 233 11 changes change NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 233 12 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 233 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 233 14 data datum NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 233 15 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 234 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 234 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 234 3 parameter parameter NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 234 4 estimates estimate NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 235 1 ob- ob- JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 1 Here here RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 3 do do VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 4 not not RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 5 discuss discuss VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 7 results result NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 8 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 9 20 20 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 10 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 11 30 30 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 12 days day NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 13 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 14 rolling roll VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 15 window window NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 16 size size NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 17 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 18 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 19 fixed fix VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 20 parameter parameter NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 21 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 22 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 23 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 24 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 25 perform perform VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 26 worse bad JJR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 27 than than IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 28 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 29 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 30 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 31 10 10 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 32 days day NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 33 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 34 window window NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 35 size size NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 36 used use VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 37 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 38 inference inference NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 236 39 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 1 Finally finally RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 4 explore explore VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 5 whether whether IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 6 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 7 capability capability NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 8 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 10 TVP TVP NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 11 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 12 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 13 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 14 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 15 reflecting reflect VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 16 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 17 stance stance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 18 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 19 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 20 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 21 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 22 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 23 timely timely JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 24 manner manner NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 25 indeed indeed RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 26 proved prove VBD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 27 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 28 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 29 useful useful JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 30 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 31 forecasting forecast VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 32 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 33 number number NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 34 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 35 active active JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 36 cases case NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 237 37 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 238 1 This this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 238 2 would would MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 238 3 also also RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 238 4 indicate indicate VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 238 5 whether whether IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 238 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 238 7 TVP TVP NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 238 8 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 238 9 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 238 10 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 238 11 indeed indeed RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 238 12 reflects reflect VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 238 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 238 14 current current JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 238 15 stance stance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 238 16 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 238 17 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 238 18 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 238 19 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 238 20 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 238 21 timely timely JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 238 22 but but CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 238 23 accurate accurate JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 238 24 manner manner NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 238 25 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 2 therefore therefore RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 3 perform perform VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 4 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 5 real real JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 6 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 7 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 8 forecasting forecasting NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 9 exercise exercise NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 10 where where WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 11 using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 12 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 13 recursive recursive JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 14 estima estima NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 15 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 16 tions tion NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 17 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 18 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 19 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 20 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 22 2 2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 24 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 26 4 4 LS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 28 based base VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 29 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 30 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 31 information information NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 32 available available JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 33 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 34 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 35 period period NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 239 36 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 240 1 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 240 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 240 3 perform perform VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 240 4 h h NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 240 5 = = SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 240 6 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 240 7 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 240 8 2 2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 240 9 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 240 10 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 240 11 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 240 12 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 241 1 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 241 2 7−day 7−day CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 241 3 ahead ahead JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 241 4 predictions prediction NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 241 5 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 241 6 active active JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 241 7 cases case NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 241 8 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 241 9 i.e. i.e. FW cord-117688-20gfpbyf 241 10 I -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 242 1 t+h t+h UH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 242 2 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 2 use use VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 4 first first JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 5 one one CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 6 third third NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 7 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 8 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 9 full full JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 10 sample sample NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 11 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 12 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 13 estimation estimation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 14 sample sample NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 15 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 16 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 17 expand expand VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 18 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 19 window window NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 20 by by IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 21 adding add VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 22 one one CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 23 more more JJR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 24 observation observation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 25 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 26 repeat repeat VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 27 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 28 procedure procedure NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 243 29 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 244 1 This this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 244 2 roughly roughly RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 244 3 provides provide VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 244 4 us -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 244 5 at at RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 244 6 least least RBS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 244 7 40 40 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 244 8 days day NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 244 9 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 244 10 evaluation evaluation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 244 11 period period NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 244 12 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 244 13 each each DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 244 14 country country NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 244 15 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 245 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 245 2 display display VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 245 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 245 4 results result NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 245 5 involving involve VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 245 6 RMSFEs rmsfe NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 245 7 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 245 8 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 245 9 competing compete VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 245 10 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 245 11 relative relative JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 245 12 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 245 13 TVP TVP NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 245 14 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 245 15 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 245 16 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 245 17 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 245 18 Table Table NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 245 19 4 4 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 245 20 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 246 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 246 2 Insert Insert NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 246 3 Table Table NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 246 4 4 4 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 246 5 about about IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 246 6 here here RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 246 7 ] ] -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 246 8 _SP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 247 1 Assumption assumption NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 247 2 3 3 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 2 infected infected JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 3 individuals individual NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 4 that that WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 5 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 6 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 7 always always RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 8 recover recover VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 9 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 10 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 11 thus thus RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 12 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 14 do do VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 15 not not RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 16 switch switch VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 17 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 18 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 19 state state NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 20 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 21 ' ' `` cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 22 death death NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 23 ' ' '' cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 24 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 25 i.e. i.e. FW cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 26 D d FW cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 27 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 248 28 = = NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 249 1 D D NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 249 2 * * NFP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 249 3 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 249 4 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 250 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 250 2 second second JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 250 3 assumption assumption NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 250 4 implies imply VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 250 5 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 250 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 250 7 recovery recovery NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 250 8 process process NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 250 9 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 250 10 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 250 11 infected infected JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 250 12 individuals individual NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 250 13 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 250 14 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 250 15 without without IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 250 16 symptoms symptom NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 250 17 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 250 18 identical identical JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 250 19 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 251 1 This this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 251 2 assumption assumption NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 251 3 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 251 4 obviously obviously RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 251 5 subject subject JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 251 6 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 251 7 doubt doubt NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 251 8 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 251 9 however however RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 251 10 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 251 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 251 12 saves save VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 251 13 us -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 251 14 an an DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 251 15 extra extra JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 251 16 parameter parameter NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 251 17 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 251 18 calibrate calibrate VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 251 19 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 252 1 These these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 252 2 assumptions assumption NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 252 3 serve serve VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 252 4 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 252 5 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 252 6 rough rough JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 252 7 approximation approximation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 252 8 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 252 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 252 10 entire entire JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 252 11 sample sample NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 252 12 without without IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 252 13 deep deep JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 252 14 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 252 15 insight insight NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 252 16 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 252 17 therefore therefore RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 252 18 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 252 19 estimation estimation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 252 20 outputs output NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 252 21 should should MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 252 22 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 252 23 taken take VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 252 24 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 252 25 caution caution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 252 26 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 253 1 Using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 253 2 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 253 3 assumptions assumption NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 253 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 253 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 253 6 TVP TVP NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 253 7 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 253 8 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 253 9 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 253 10 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 253 11 terms term NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 253 12 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 253 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 253 14 total total JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 253 15 numbers number NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 253 16 can can MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 253 17 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 253 18 written write VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 253 19 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 253 20 where where WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 253 21 ∆I ∆I NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 253 22 * * NFP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 253 23 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 253 24 = = NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 254 1 ∆It ∆it LS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 254 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 254 3 1−δt 1−δt CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 254 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 254 5 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 254 6 ∆R ∆R VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 254 7 * * NFP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 254 8 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 254 9 = = NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 255 1 ∆Rt ∆Rt NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 255 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 255 3 1−δt 1−δt CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 255 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 255 5 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 2 key key JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 3 observation observation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 4 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 5 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 6 new new JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 7 set set NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 8 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 9 equations equation NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 10 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 11 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 12 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 13 observed observed JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 14 number number NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 15 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 16 deaths death NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 17 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 18 identical identical JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 19 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 20 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 21 total total JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 22 number number NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 23 if if IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 24 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 25 third third JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 26 assumption assumption NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 27 indeed indeed RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 28 holds hold VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 256 29 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 1 This this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 3 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 4 turn turn NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 5 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 6 prevents prevent VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 8 number number NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 9 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 10 individuals individual NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 11 who who WP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 12 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 13 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 14 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 15 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 16 computed compute VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 17 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 18 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 19 fraction fraction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 20 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 21 1/(1 1/(1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 22 − − NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 23 δ δ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 24 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 26 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 27 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 28 final final JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 29 equation equation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 30 suggests suggest VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 257 31 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 4 evolution evolution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 5 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 7 structural structural JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 8 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 9 differs differ VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 10 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 11 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 12 counterpart counterpart NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 13 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 14 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 15 previous previous JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 16 cases case NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 17 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 18 where where WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 19 observed observe VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 20 data datum NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 21 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 22 assumed assume VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 23 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 24 represent represent VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 25 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 26 full full JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 27 sample sample NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 258 28 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 1 While while IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 2 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 3 source source NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 4 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 5 variation variation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 6 might may MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 7 suffice suffice VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 8 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 10 identification identification NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 11 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 12 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 13 δ δ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 14 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 15 parameter parameter NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 16 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 17 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 18 note note VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 19 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 20 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 21 number number NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 22 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 23 deaths death NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 24 constitutes constitute VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 25 only only RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 26 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 27 minuscule minuscule JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 28 fraction fraction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 29 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 30 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 31 total total JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 32 number number NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 33 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 34 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 35 individuals individual NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 259 36 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 260 1 To to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 260 2 enhance enhance VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 260 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 260 4 identification identification NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 260 5 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 260 6 δ δ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 260 7 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 260 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 260 9 exploit exploit VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 260 10 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 260 11 information information NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 260 12 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 260 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 260 14 total total JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 260 15 number number NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 260 16 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 260 17 testing testing NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 260 18 following follow VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 260 19 Grewelle Grewelle NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 260 20 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 260 21 De De NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 260 22 Leo Leo NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 260 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 260 24 2020 2020 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 260 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 260 26 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 1 Briefly briefly RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 4 underlying underlying JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 5 idea idea NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 6 stems stem VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 7 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 8 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 9 fact fact NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 10 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 11 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 12 detection detection NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 13 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 14 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 15 infections infection NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 16 including include VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 17 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 18 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 19 individuals individual NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 20 would would MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 21 improve improve VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 22 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 23 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 24 increasing increase VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 25 number number NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 26 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 27 testing testing NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 261 28 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 1 In in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 2 that that DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 3 sense sense NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 6 fraction fraction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 7 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 8 tested test VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 9 individuals individual NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 10 among among IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 11 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 12 population population NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 13 should should MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 14 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 15 related relate VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 16 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 17 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 18 ratio ratio NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 19 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 20 reported report VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 21 infections infection NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 22 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 23 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 24 total total JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 25 number number NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 26 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 27 infections infection NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 262 28 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 263 1 This this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 263 2 leads lead VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 263 3 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 263 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 263 5 following following JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 263 6 expression expression NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 263 7 Here here RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 264 1 ρ ρ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 264 2 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 264 3 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 264 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 264 5 fraction fraction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 264 6 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 264 7 tests test NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 264 8 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 264 9 positive positive JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 264 10 outcomes outcome NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 264 11 among among IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 264 12 all all DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 264 13 tests test NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 264 14 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 265 1 With with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 265 2 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 265 3 increasing increase VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 265 4 number number NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 265 5 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 265 6 testing testing NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 265 7 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 265 8 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 265 9 population population NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 265 10 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 265 11 fraction fraction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 265 12 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 265 13 expected expect VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 265 14 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 265 15 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 265 16 low low JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 265 17 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 265 18 therefore therefore RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 265 19 δ δ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 265 20 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 265 21 approaches approach VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 265 22 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 265 23 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 265 24 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 1 On on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 2 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 3 other other JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 4 hand hand NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 5 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 6 if if IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 7 testing testing NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 8 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 9 concentrated concentrate VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 10 only only RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 11 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 12 symptomatic symptomatic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 13 individuals individual NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 14 then then RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 15 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 16 fraction fraction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 17 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 18 close close JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 19 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 20 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 21 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 22 δ δ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 23 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 24 approaches approach VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 25 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 26 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 27 lower lower RBR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 28 bound bind VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 29 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 30 captured capture VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 31 by by IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 32 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 33 parameter parameter NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 34 exp(−k exp(−k NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 36 where where WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 37 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 38 functional functional JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 39 form form NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 40 admits admit VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 41 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 42 exponential exponential JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 43 decay decay NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 266 44 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 267 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 267 2 display display VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 267 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 267 4 evolution evolution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 267 5 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 267 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 267 7 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 267 8 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 267 9 estimated estimate VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 267 10 using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 267 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 267 12 6 6 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 267 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 267 14 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 267 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 267 16 7 7 LS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 267 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 267 18 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 267 19 Figure figure NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 267 20 3 3 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 267 21 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 267 22 selected select VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 267 23 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 267 24 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 1 Compared compare VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 2 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 3 previous previous JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 4 sections section NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 5 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 6 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 7 including include VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 8 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 9 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 10 Iran Iran NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 11 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 12 Russia Russia NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 13 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 14 excluded exclude VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 15 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 16 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 17 sample sample NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 18 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 19 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 20 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 21 do do VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 22 not not RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 23 provide provide VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 24 accurate accurate JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 25 information information NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 26 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 27 testing testing NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 28 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 29 daily daily JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 30 frequency frequency NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 268 31 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 269 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 269 2 Insert Insert NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 269 3 Figure Figure NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 269 4 3 3 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 269 5 about about IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 269 6 here here RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 269 7 ] ] -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 1 As as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 2 can can MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 3 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 4 seen see VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 5 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 7 graphs graph NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 8 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 10 first first JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 11 row row NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 12 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 13 Figure figure NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 14 3 3 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 15 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 16 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 17 observe observe VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 18 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 19 sizable sizable JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 20 fraction fraction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 21 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 22 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 23 infected infected JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 24 individuals individual NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 25 that that WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 26 do do VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 27 not not RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 28 show show VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 29 symptoms symptom NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 30 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 31 many many JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 32 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 33 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 34 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 35 beginning beginning NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 36 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 37 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 38 sample sample NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 270 39 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 1 While while IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 2 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 3 fraction fraction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 4 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 5 smallest small JJS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 6 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 8 South South NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 9 Korea Korea NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 10 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 11 starting start VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 12 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 13 15 15 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 14 % % NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 15 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 16 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 17 beginning beginning NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 18 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 19 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 20 sample sample NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 21 decreasing decrease VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 22 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 23 4 4 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 24 % % NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 25 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 26 June June NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 27 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 28 it -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 29 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 30 largest large JJS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 31 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 32 US US NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 33 starting start VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 34 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 35 50 50 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 36 % % NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 37 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 38 all all DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 39 infected infect VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 40 individuals individual NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 41 decreasing decrease VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 42 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 43 30 30 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 44 % % NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 45 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 46 June June NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 271 47 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 272 1 For for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 272 2 Italy Italy NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 272 3 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 272 4 Turkey Turkey NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 272 5 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 272 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 272 7 fraction fraction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 272 8 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 272 9 about about RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 272 10 20 20 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 272 11 % % NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 272 12 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 272 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 272 14 declines decline VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 272 15 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 272 16 about about RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 272 17 10 10 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 272 18 % % NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 272 19 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 272 20 June June NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 272 21 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 2 temporary temporary JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 3 increases increase NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 4 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 6 fraction fraction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 7 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 8 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 9 individuals individual NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 10 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 11 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 12 beginning beginning NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 13 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 14 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 15 sample sample NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 16 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 17 due due JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 18 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 19 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 20 efforts effort NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 21 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 22 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 23 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 24 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 25 increase increase VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 26 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 27 testing testing NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 28 capacity capacity NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 29 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 30 April April NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 273 31 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 1 In in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 2 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 3 case case NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 6 speed speed NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 7 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 8 increase increase NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 9 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 10 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 11 fraction fraction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 12 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 13 positive positive JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 14 outcomes outcome NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 15 falls fall VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 16 behind behind IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 17 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 18 speed speed NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 19 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 20 increase increase NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 21 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 22 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 23 number number NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 24 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 25 tests test NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 26 leading lead VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 27 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 28 ' ' '' cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 29 spuriously spuriously RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 30 ' ' `` cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 31 low low JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 32 values value NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 33 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 34 δ δ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 35 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 274 36 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 275 1 However however RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 275 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 275 3 once once IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 275 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 275 5 capacity capacity NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 275 6 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 275 7 reached reach VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 275 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 275 9 observe observe VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 275 10 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 275 11 monotonically monotonically RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 275 12 decreasing decrease VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 275 13 pattern pattern NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 275 14 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 275 15 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 275 16 course course NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 275 17 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 275 18 δ δ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 275 19 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 275 20 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 275 21 expected expect VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 275 22 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 276 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 276 2 impact impact NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 276 3 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 276 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 276 5 relatively relatively RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 276 6 sizable sizable JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 276 7 fraction fraction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 276 8 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 276 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 276 10 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 276 11 individuals individual NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 276 12 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 276 13 US US NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 276 14 can can MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 276 15 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 276 16 seen see VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 276 17 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 276 18 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 276 19 last last JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 276 20 column column NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 276 21 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 276 22 Figure figure NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 276 23 3 3 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 276 24 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 1 While while IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 2 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 3 pattern pattern NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 4 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 6 evolution evolution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 7 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 8 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 9 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 10 remains remain VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 11 unaffected unaffected JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 12 there there EX cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 13 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 14 some some DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 15 level level NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 16 shifts shift NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 17 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 18 all all DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 19 rates rate NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 20 which which WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 21 seem seem VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 22 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 23 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 24 diminishing diminish VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 25 towards towards IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 26 June June NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 277 27 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 278 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 278 2 also also RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 278 3 observe observe VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 278 4 similar similar JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 278 5 level level NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 278 6 shifts shift NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 278 7 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 278 8 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 278 9 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 278 10 other other JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 278 11 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 278 12 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 278 13 albeit albeit IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 278 14 limited limit VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 278 15 compared compare VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 278 16 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 278 17 US US NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 278 18 case case NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 278 19 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 279 1 These these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 279 2 effects effect NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 279 3 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 279 4 further further RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 279 5 aggravated aggravate VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 279 6 when when WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 279 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 279 8 consider consider VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 279 9 R r NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 279 10 0,t 0,t CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 279 11 which which WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 279 12 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 279 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 279 14 ratio ratio NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 279 15 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 279 16 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 279 17 infection infection NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 279 18 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 279 19 over over IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 279 20 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 279 21 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 279 22 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 279 23 resolution resolution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 279 24 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 1 In in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 2 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 3 case case NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 5 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 6 US US NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 7 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 8 Italy Italy NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 9 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 10 R r NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 11 0,t 0,t CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 12 differs differ VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 13 considerably considerably RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 14 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 15 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 16 earlier early JJR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 17 estimates estimate NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 18 computed compute VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 19 using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 20 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 21 reported report VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 22 numbers number NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 23 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 24 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 25 beginning beginning NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 26 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 27 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 28 sample sample NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 280 29 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 281 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 281 2 parameter parameter NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 281 3 values value NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 281 4 converge converge VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 281 5 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 281 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 281 7 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 281 8 figures figure NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 281 9 mount mount VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 281 10 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 281 11 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 281 12 seems seem VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 281 13 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 281 14 have have VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 281 15 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 281 16 little little JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 281 17 effect effect NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 281 18 after after IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 281 19 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 281 20 first first JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 281 21 half half NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 281 22 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 281 23 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 281 24 samples sample NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 281 25 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 282 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 282 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 282 3 under under IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 282 4 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 282 5 assumptions assumption NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 282 6 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 282 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 282 8 R r NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 282 9 0,t 0,t CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 282 10 computed compute VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 282 11 using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 282 12 official official JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 282 13 statistics statistic NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 282 14 reflects reflect VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 282 15 progressively progressively RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 282 16 more more RBR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 282 17 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 282 18 more more RBR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 282 19 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 282 20 actual actual JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 282 21 stance stance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 282 22 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 282 23 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 282 24 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 282 25 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 2 world world NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 3 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 4 struggling struggle VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 5 heavily heavily RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 6 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 7 mitigate mitigate VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 8 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 9 spread spread NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 10 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 11 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 12 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 13 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 14 which which WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 15 so so RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 16 far far RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 17 has have VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 18 devastating devastating JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 19 effects effect NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 20 both both DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 21 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 22 humanitarian humanitarian JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 23 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 24 economic economic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 25 point point NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 26 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 27 view view NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 283 28 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 284 1 Countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 284 2 have have VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 284 3 been be VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 284 4 imposing impose VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 284 5 various various JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 284 6 measures measure NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 284 7 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 284 8 fight fight VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 284 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 284 10 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 284 11 ranging range VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 284 12 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 284 13 partial partial JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 284 14 curfew curfew NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 284 15 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 284 16 full full JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 284 17 lockdown lockdown NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 284 18 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 284 19 lower lower VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 284 20 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 284 21 transmission transmission NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 284 22 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 284 23 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 284 24 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 284 25 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 285 1 These these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 285 2 measures measure NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 285 3 supposedly supposedly RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 285 4 pave pave VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 285 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 285 6 way way NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 285 7 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 285 8 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 285 9 normalization normalization NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 285 10 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 285 11 economies economy NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 285 12 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 285 13 reopening reopen VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 285 14 policies policy NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 285 15 which which WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 285 16 has have VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 285 17 started start VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 285 18 since since IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 285 19 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 285 20 early early JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 285 21 June June NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 285 22 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 285 23 many many JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 285 24 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 285 25 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 1 Health health NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 2 systems system NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 3 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 4 overloaded overloaded JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 5 intensive intensive JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 6 care care NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 7 units unit NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 8 lead lead VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 9 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 10 substantial substantial JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 11 variation variation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 12 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 14 number number NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 15 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 16 recoveries recovery NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 17 as as RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 18 well well RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 19 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 20 daily daily JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 21 death death NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 22 tolls toll NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 23 over over IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 24 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 25 course course NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 26 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 27 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 28 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 286 29 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 287 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 287 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 287 3 many many JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 287 4 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 287 5 including include VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 287 6 South South NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 287 7 Korea Korea NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 287 8 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 287 9 Iran Iran NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 287 10 start start VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 287 11 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 287 12 experience experience VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 287 13 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 287 14 second second JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 287 15 wave wave NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 287 16 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 287 17 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 287 18 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 287 19 after after IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 287 20 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 287 21 easing easing NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 287 22 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 287 23 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 287 24 first first JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 287 25 wave wave NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 287 26 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 4 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 5 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 7 workhorse workhorse JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 8 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 9 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 10 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 11 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 12 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 13 ultimately ultimately RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 14 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 15 key key JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 16 statistics statistic NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 17 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 18 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 19 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 20 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 21 i.e. i.e. FW cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 22 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 23 reproduction reproduction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 24 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 25 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 26 change change VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 27 over over IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 28 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 29 due due IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 30 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 31 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 32 change change NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 33 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 34 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 35 structural structural JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 36 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 288 37 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 1 In in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 2 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 3 paper paper NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 6 extend extend VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 8 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 9 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 10 allowing allow VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 11 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 12 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 13 varying vary VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 14 structural structural JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 15 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 16 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 17 timely timely JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 18 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 19 accurate accurate JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 20 measurement measurement NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 21 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 22 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 23 stance stance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 24 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 25 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 26 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 289 27 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 2 modeling modeling NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 3 framework framework NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 4 falls fall VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 5 into into IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 7 class class NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 8 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 9 generalized generalized JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 10 autoregressive autoregressive JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 11 score score NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 12 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 13 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 14 where where WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 15 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 16 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 17 evolve evolve VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 18 deterministically deterministically RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 19 according accord VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 20 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 21 an an DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 22 autoregressive autoregressive JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 23 process process NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 24 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 25 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 26 direction direction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 27 implied imply VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 28 by by IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 29 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 30 score score NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 31 function function NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 290 32 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 4 resulting result VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 5 approach approach NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 6 permits permit VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 7 quite quite PDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 8 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 9 flexible flexible JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 10 yet yet RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 11 parsimonious parsimonious JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 12 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 13 statistically statistically RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 14 coherent coherent JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 15 framework framework NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 16 that that WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 17 can can MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 18 operate operate VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 19 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 20 data data NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 21 scarce scarce JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 22 environments environment NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 23 easily easily RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 24 due due JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 25 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 26 low low JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 27 computational computational JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 28 cost cost NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 291 29 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 2 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 4 potential potential NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 5 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 7 proposed propose VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 8 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 9 using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 10 daily daily JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 11 data datum NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 12 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 13 seven seven CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 14 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 15 ranging range VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 16 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 17 US US NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 18 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 19 South South NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 20 Korea Korea NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 21 that that WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 22 have have VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 23 distinct distinct JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 24 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 25 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 26 over over IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 27 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 28 last last JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 29 6 6 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 30 months month NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 292 31 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 293 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 293 2 results result NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 293 3 show show VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 293 4 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 293 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 293 6 proposed propose VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 293 7 framework framework NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 293 8 can can MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 293 9 nicely nicely RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 293 10 track track VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 293 11 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 293 12 stance stance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 293 13 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 293 14 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 293 15 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 293 16 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 293 17 real real JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 293 18 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 293 19 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 293 20 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 294 1 For for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 294 2 all all DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 294 3 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 294 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 294 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 294 6 infection infection NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 294 7 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 294 8 has have VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 294 9 reduced reduce VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 294 10 considerably considerably RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 294 11 but but CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 294 12 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 294 13 differential differential JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 294 14 speed speed NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 294 15 depending depend VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 294 16 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 294 17 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 294 18 success success NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 294 19 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 294 20 containing contain VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 294 21 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 294 22 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 294 23 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 295 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 295 2 findings finding NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 295 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 295 4 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 295 5 there there EX cord-117688-20gfpbyf 295 6 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 295 7 considerable considerable JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 295 8 fluctuation fluctuation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 295 9 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 295 10 recovery recovery NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 295 11 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 295 12 mortality mortality NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 295 13 rates rate NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 295 14 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 295 15 which which WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 295 16 seems seem VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 295 17 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 295 18 get get VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 295 19 more more RBR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 295 20 stable stable JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 295 21 towards towards IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 295 22 June June NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 295 23 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 1 For for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 2 US US NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 3 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 4 Russia Russia NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 5 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 6 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 8 reproduction reproduction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 9 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 10 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 11 above above IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 12 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 13 critical critical JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 14 level level NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 15 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 16 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 17 implying imply VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 18 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 19 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 20 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 21 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 22 unable unable JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 23 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 24 contain contain VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 25 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 26 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 27 yet yet RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 296 28 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 297 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 297 2 findings finding NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 297 3 confirm confirm VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 297 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 297 5 observation observation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 297 6 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 297 7 Iran Iran NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 297 8 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 297 9 South South NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 297 10 Korea Korea NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 297 11 experience experience NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 297 12 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 297 13 second second JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 297 14 wave wave NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 297 15 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 297 16 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 297 17 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 297 18 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 298 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 298 2 further further RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 298 3 extend extend VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 298 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 298 5 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 298 6 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 298 7 including include VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 298 8 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 298 9 infected infected JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 298 10 individuals individual NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 298 11 that that WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 298 12 do do VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 298 13 not not RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 298 14 show show VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 298 15 symptoms symptom NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 298 16 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 298 17 therefore therefore RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 298 18 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 298 19 not not RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 298 20 diagnosed diagnose VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 298 21 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 1 This this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 2 seems seem VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 3 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 4 have have VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 5 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 6 sizable sizable JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 7 impact impact NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 8 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 10 estimated estimate VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 11 level level NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 12 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 13 reproduction reproduction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 14 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 15 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 16 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 17 onset onset NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 18 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 19 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 20 sample sample NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 21 but but CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 22 converge converge VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 23 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 24 similar similar JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 25 levels level NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 26 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 27 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 28 earlier early JJR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 29 findings finding NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 30 towards towards IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 31 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 32 end end NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 33 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 34 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 35 sample sample NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 299 36 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 300 1 : : : cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 2 evolution evolution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 3 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 4 δ δ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 5 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 6 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 7 β β NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 8 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 9 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 10 γ γ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 11 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 12 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 13 ν ν NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 14 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 15 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 16 R R NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 17 0,t 0,t CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 18 when when WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 19 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 20 infected infected JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 21 individuals individual NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 22 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 23 also also RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 24 considered consider VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 25 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 26 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 301 27 sample sample NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 2 graphs graph NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 3 show show VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 5 evolution evolution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 6 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 8 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 9 varying vary VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 10 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 11 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 12 δt δt RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 13 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 14 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 15 fraction fraction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 16 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 17 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 18 cases case NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 19 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 20 total total JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 21 cases case NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 22 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 23 βt βt NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 24 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 25 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 26 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 27 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 28 infection infection NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 29 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 30 γt γt XX cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 31 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 32 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 33 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 34 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 35 recovery recovery NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 36 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 37 νt νt FW cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 38 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 39 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 40 mortality mortality NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 41 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 42 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 43 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 44 resulting result VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 45 reproduction reproduction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 46 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 47 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 48 R0,t R0,t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 49 estimated estimate VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 50 using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 51 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 52 TVP TVP NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 53 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 54 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 55 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 56 introduced introduce VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 57 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 58 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 59 4 4 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 61 displayed display VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 62 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 63 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 64 blue blue JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 65 line line NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 66 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 67 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 68 TVP TVP NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 69 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 70 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 71 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 72 that that WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 73 also also RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 74 takes take VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 75 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 76 unreported unreported JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 77 cases case NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 78 into into IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 79 account account NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 80 introduced introduce VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 81 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 82 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 83 6 6 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 84 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 85 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 86 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 87 7 7 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 88 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 89 displayed display VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 90 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 91 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 92 red red JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 93 line line NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 302 94 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 303 1 Let let VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 303 2 f f NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 303 3 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 304 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 304 2 ∆C ∆C NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 304 3 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 304 4 |Ω |ω CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 304 5 t−1 t−1 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 304 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 304 7 , , . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 305 1 f f LS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 305 2 2 2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 305 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 305 4 ∆R ∆R VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 305 5 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 305 6 |Ω |ω CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 305 7 t−1 t−1 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 305 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 305 9 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 305 10 f f NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 305 11 3 3 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 306 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 306 2 ∆D ∆D NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 306 3 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 1 |Ω |ω CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 2 t−1 t−1 NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 4 denote denote VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 6 conditional conditional JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 7 probability probability NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 8 density density NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 9 functions function NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 10 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 11 ∆C ∆c NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 12 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 13 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 14 ∆R ∆r RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 15 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 16 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 17 ∆D ∆D NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 18 t t XX cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 19 conditional conditional JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 20 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 21 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 22 information information NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 23 set set VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 24 at at IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 25 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 26 period period NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 27 t−1 t−1 NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 28 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 29 Ω Ω NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 30 t−1 t−1 NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 31 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 32 respectively respectively RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 307 33 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 1 Assuming assume VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 3 conditional conditional JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 5 independence independence NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 6 among among IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 7 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 8 variables variable NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 9 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 10 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 11 conditional conditional JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 12 joint joint JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 13 probability probability NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 14 density density NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 15 function function NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 16 could could MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 17 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 18 written write VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 19 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 20 f f NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 22 ∆C ∆c IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 23 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 24 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 25 ∆R ∆r RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 26 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 308 27 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 309 1 ∆D ∆D NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 309 2 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 309 3 |Ω |ω CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 309 4 t−1 t−1 NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 309 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 310 1 = = NFP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 311 1 f f NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 311 2 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 312 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 312 2 ∆C ∆C NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 312 3 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 312 4 |Ω |ω CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 312 5 t−1 t−1 NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 312 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 313 1 f f LS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 313 2 2 2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 314 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 314 2 ∆R ∆r IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 314 3 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 314 4 |Ω |ω CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 314 5 t−1 t−1 NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 314 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 315 1 f f NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 315 2 3 3 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 316 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 316 2 ∆D ∆D NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 316 3 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 316 4 |Ω |ω CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 316 5 t−1 t−1 NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 316 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 316 7 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 317 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 317 2 assume assume VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 317 3 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 317 4 these these DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 317 5 marginal marginal JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 317 6 distributions distribution NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 317 7 follow follow VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 317 8 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 317 9 distribution distribution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 317 10 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 317 11 arrival arrival NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 317 12 rates rate NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 317 13 specified specify VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 317 14 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 317 15 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 317 16 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 317 17 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 317 18 equation equation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 317 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 317 20 2 2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 317 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 317 22 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 318 1 Thus thus RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 318 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 318 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 318 4 joint joint JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 318 5 density density NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 318 6 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 318 7 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 318 8 follows follow VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 318 9 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 318 10 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 318 11 λ λ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 318 12 2,t 2,t CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 318 13 = = SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 318 14 γ γ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 318 15 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 319 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 319 2 t−1 t−1 VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 319 3 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 319 4 λ λ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 319 5 3,t 3,t CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 319 6 = = NFP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 320 1 ν ν NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 320 2 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 321 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 322 1 t−1 t−1 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 322 2 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 2 score score NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 3 functions function NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 5 denoted denote VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 6 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 7 ∇ ∇ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 8 1,t 1,t CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 9 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 10 ∇ ∇ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 11 2,t 2,t CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 12 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 13 ∇ ∇ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 14 3,t 3,t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 15 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 16 can can MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 17 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 18 written write VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 19 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 20 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 21 use use VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 22 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 23 variance variance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 24 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 25 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 26 score score NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 27 functions function NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 28 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 29 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 30 scaling scaling NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 31 parameter parameter NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 323 32 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 1 Variance variance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 2 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 4 score score NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 5 function function NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 6 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 7 ∇ ∇ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 8 1,t 1,t CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 9 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 10 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 11 example example NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 12 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 13 can can MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 14 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 15 computed compute VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 16 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 17 As as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 18 E[(∆C E[(∆C NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 19 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 20 − − NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 21 λ λ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 22 1,t 1,t CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 24 2 2 LS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 26 refers refer VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 27 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 28 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 29 variance variance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 30 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 31 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 32 distributed distribute VBD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 33 random random JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 34 variable variable NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 35 ∆C ∆c IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 36 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 37 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 38 it -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 39 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 40 identical identical JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 41 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 42 λ λ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 43 1,t 1,t CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 324 44 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 1 Hence hence RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 4 resulting result VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 5 expression expression NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 6 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 7 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 8 Similar similar JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 9 computations computation NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 10 lead lead VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 11 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 12 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 13 variances variance NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 14 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 15 score score NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 16 functions function NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 17 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 18 ∆R ∆r JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 19 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 20 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 21 ∆D ∆D NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 22 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 23 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 24 V V NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 25 ar(∇ ar(∇ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 26 2,t 2,t CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 27 |Ω |ω CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 28 t−1 t−1 NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 325 30 = = NFP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 1 Scaling scale VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 3 A.2 a.2 NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 5 together together RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 6 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 8 A.4 A.4 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 10 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 12 A.5 A.5 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 14 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 15 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 16 scaled scale VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 17 score score NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 18 functions function NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 19 can can MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 20 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 21 written write VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 22 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 23 follows follow VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 24 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 25 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 26 final final JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 27 step step NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 28 includes include VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 29 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 30 division division NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 31 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 32 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 33 scaled scale VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 34 score score NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 35 functions function NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 36 by by IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 37 β β NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 38 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 39 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 40 γ γ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 41 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 42 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 43 ν ν NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 44 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 45 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 46 respectively respectively RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 47 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 48 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 49 obtain obtain VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 50 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 51 scaled scale VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 52 score score NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 53 function function NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 54 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 55 terms term NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 56 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 57 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 58 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 59 logarithmic logarithmic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 60 transformations transformation NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 61 applying apply VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 62 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 63 chain chain NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 64 rule rule NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 326 65 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 2 resulting result VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 3 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 4 evolution evolution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 5 forβ forβ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 6 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 7 = = SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 8 log(β log(β NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 9 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 11 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 12 Combining combine VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 14 A.7 a.7 NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 16 together together RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 17 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 18 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 19 SIRD SIRD NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 20 equations equation NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 21 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 22 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 23 final final JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 24 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 25 becomes become VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 26 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 27 follows follow VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 28 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 29 assume assume VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 30 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 31 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 32 initial initial JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 33 values value NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 34 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 35 states state NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 36 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 37 S S NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 38 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 39 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 40 I -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 41 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 42 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 43 R r NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 44 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 45 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 46 D D NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 47 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 48 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 49 known know VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 327 50 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 328 1 For for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 328 2 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 328 3 sake sake NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 328 4 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 328 5 simplicity simplicity NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 328 6 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 328 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 328 8 assume assume VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 328 9 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 328 10 S s NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 328 11 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 328 12 ≈ ≈ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 328 13 N N NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 328 14 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 2 focus focus VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 3 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 5 general general JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 6 form form NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 7 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 8 equations equation NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 9 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 10 Y Y NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 11 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 12 |Ω |ω CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 13 t−1 t−1 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 14 ∼ ∼ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 15 P p NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 16 oisson(λI oisson(λI NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 17 t−1 t−1 NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 19 where where WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 20 λ λ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 21 = = SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 22 β β NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 23 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 24 γ γ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 25 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 26 ν ν NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 27 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 28 Y Y NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 29 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 30 = = SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 31 ∆C ∆C NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 32 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 33 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 34 ∆R ∆r RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 35 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 36 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 37 ∆D ∆D NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 38 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 39 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 40 respectively respectively RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 329 41 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 2 conditional conditional JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 3 mean mean NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 4 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 6 variance variance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 7 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 8 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 9 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 10 distributed distribute VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 11 variables variable NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 12 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 13 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 14 resulting result VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 15 process process NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 16 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 17 stationary stationary JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 18 if if IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 19 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 20 underlying underlying JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 21 process process NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 22 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 23 I -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 24 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 25 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 26 stationary stationary JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 330 27 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 331 1 This this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 331 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 331 3 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 331 4 turn turn NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 331 5 depends depend VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 331 6 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 331 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 331 8 basic basic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 331 9 reproduction reproduction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 331 10 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 331 11 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 331 12 R r NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 331 13 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 331 14 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 332 1 To to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 332 2 see see VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 332 3 this this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 332 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 332 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 332 6 first first RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 332 7 start start VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 332 8 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 332 9 ∆I ∆I NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 332 10 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 332 11 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 332 12 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 4 difference difference NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 5 equation equation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 6 governing govern VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 7 I -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 8 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 9 takes take VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 10 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 11 form form NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 12 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 13 where where WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 14 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 15 last last JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 16 equation equation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 17 uses use VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 18 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 19 definition definition NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 20 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 21 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 22 basic basic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 23 reproduction reproduction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 24 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 25 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 26 R r NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 27 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 28 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 29 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 30 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 31 ratio ratio NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 32 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 33 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 34 infection infection NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 35 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 36 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 37 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 38 resolution resolution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 39 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 333 40 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 334 1 In in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 334 2 case case NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 334 3 R r NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 334 4 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 334 5 exceeds exceed VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 334 6 unity unity NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 334 7 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 334 8 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 334 9 β β NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 334 10 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 334 11 positive positive JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 334 12 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 334 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 334 14 process process NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 334 15 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 334 16 explosive explosive JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 334 17 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 334 18 i.e. i.e. FW cord-117688-20gfpbyf 334 19 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 334 20 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 334 21 progress progress NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 334 22 exponentially exponentially RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 334 23 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 335 1 On on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 335 2 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 335 3 other other JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 335 4 hand hand NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 335 5 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 335 6 if if IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 335 7 R r NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 335 8 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 335 9 falls fall VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 335 10 below below IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 335 11 unity unity NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 335 12 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 335 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 335 14 process process NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 335 15 becomes become VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 335 16 stationary stationary JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 335 17 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 336 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 336 2 can can MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 336 3 track track VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 336 4 down down RP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 336 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 336 6 process process NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 336 7 conditional conditional JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 336 8 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 336 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 336 10 starting starting NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 336 11 value value NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 336 12 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 336 13 I -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 336 14 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 336 15 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 337 1 Let let VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 337 2 π π NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 337 3 = = NFP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 337 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 337 5 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 337 6 + + CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 338 1 β(1 β(1 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 338 2 − − NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 338 3 R r NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 338 4 −1 −1 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 338 5 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 338 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 338 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 338 8 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 339 1 E[I E[I NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 339 2 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 339 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 339 4 = = NFP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 340 1 π π LS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 341 1 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 341 2 I I NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 341 3 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 341 4 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 341 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 341 6 B.11 b.11 NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 341 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 342 1 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 342 2 case case NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 342 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 342 4 initial initial JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 342 5 condition condition NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 342 6 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 342 7 known know VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 342 8 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 342 9 otherwise otherwise RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 342 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 342 11 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 342 12 replaced replace VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 342 13 by by IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 342 14 E[I E[I NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 342 15 0 0 NFP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 342 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 342 17 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 343 1 For for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 343 2 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 343 3 variance variance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 343 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 343 5 can can MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 343 6 use use VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 343 7 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 343 8 similar similar JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 343 9 recursion recursion NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 343 10 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 344 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 344 2 start start VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 344 3 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 344 4 computing compute VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 344 5 V V NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 344 6 ar(I ar(I NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 344 7 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 344 8 |Ω |ω CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 344 9 t−1 t−1 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 344 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 344 11 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 345 1 By by IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 345 2 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 345 3 law law NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 345 4 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 345 5 total total JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 345 6 variance variance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 345 7 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 345 8 using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 345 9 forward forward RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 345 10 iteration iteration NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 345 11 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 345 12 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 345 13 unconditional unconditional JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 345 14 variance variance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 345 15 can can MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 345 16 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 345 17 computed compute VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 345 18 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 345 19 V V NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 345 20 ar(I ar(I NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 345 21 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 345 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 345 23 = = NFP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 346 1 β(1 β(1 XX cord-117688-20gfpbyf 347 1 + + CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 347 2 R r NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 347 3 −1 −1 NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 347 4 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 347 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 348 1 E[I E[I NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 349 1 t−1 t−1 NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 349 2 ] ] -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 350 1 + + CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 350 2 π π NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 350 3 2 2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 350 4 V V NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 350 5 ar(I ar(I NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 350 6 t−1 t−1 NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 350 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 350 8 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 350 9 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 350 10 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 351 1 In in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 351 2 case case NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 351 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 351 4 initial initial JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 351 5 condition condition NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 351 6 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 351 7 known know VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 351 8 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 351 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 351 10 second second JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 351 11 term term NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 351 12 drops drop VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 351 13 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 1 Finally finally RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 4 can can MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 5 use use VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 7 B.11 b.11 NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 9 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 11 B.13 B.13 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 13 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 14 construction construction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 15 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 16 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 17 unconditional unconditional JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 18 moments moment NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 19 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 20 Y Y NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 21 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 22 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 23 follows follow VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 24 V V NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 25 ar(Y ar(y RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 26 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 352 28 = = NFP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 353 1 λE[I λE[I NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 353 2 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 353 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 354 1 + + CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 354 2 λ λ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 354 3 2 2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 354 4 V v NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 354 5 ar(I ar(I NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 354 6 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 354 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 354 8 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 355 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 355 2 B.14 b.14 IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 355 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 1 A a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 2 common common JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 3 drawback drawback NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 4 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 6 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 7 which which WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 8 involves involve VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 9 variables variable NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 10 assumed assume VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 11 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 12 follow follow VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 13 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 14 distribution distribution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 15 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 16 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 17 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 18 conditional conditional JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 19 mean mean NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 20 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 21 assumed assume VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 22 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 23 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 24 identical identical JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 25 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 26 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 27 variance variance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 356 28 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 1 However however RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 3 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 4 can can MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 5 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 6 seen see VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 7 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 8 above above JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 9 derivations derivation NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 10 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 11 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 12 spread spread NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 13 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 14 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 15 random random JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 16 variable variable NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 17 Y Y NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 18 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 19 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 20 greater great JJR cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 21 than than IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 22 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 23 expected expect VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 24 value value NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 25 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 26 i.e i.e XX cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 27 V v NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 28 ar[Y ar[y NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 29 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 31 > > : cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 32 E[Y E[Y NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 33 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 357 35 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 358 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 358 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 358 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 358 4 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 358 5 allows allow VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 358 6 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 358 7 overdispersion overdispersion NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 358 8 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 358 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 358 10 data datum NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 358 11 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 1 As as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 2 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 4 previous previous JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 5 section section NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 6 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 8 focus focus VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 9 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 10 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 11 general general JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 12 form form NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 13 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 14 equations equation NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 15 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 16 Y Y NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 17 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 18 |Ω |ω CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 19 t−1 t−1 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 20 ∼ ∼ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 21 P P NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 22 oisson(λ oisson(λ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 23 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 25 where where WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 26 λ λ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 27 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 28 = = SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 359 29 Ψ ψ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 360 1 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 2 t−1 t−1 VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 3 where where WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 4 Ψ ψ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 5 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 6 = = SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 7 β β NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 8 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 9 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 10 γ γ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 11 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 12 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 13 ν ν NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 14 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 15 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 16 Y Y NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 17 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 18 = = SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 19 ∆C ∆C NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 20 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 21 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 22 ∆R ∆r RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 23 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 24 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 25 ∆D ∆D NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 26 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 27 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 28 respectively respectively RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 361 29 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 362 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 362 2 consider consider VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 362 3 W w NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 362 4 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 362 5 = = SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 362 6 log(λ log(λ . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 362 7 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 362 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 363 1 = = SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 363 2 log(Ψ log(Ψ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 363 3 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 363 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 363 5 + + CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 363 6 log(I log(I NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 363 7 t−1 t−1 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 363 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 363 9 = = NFP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 364 1 θ θ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 364 2 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 364 3 + + CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 364 4 K k XX cord-117688-20gfpbyf 364 5 t−1 t−1 NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 364 6 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 364 7 insure insure VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 364 8 positivity positivity NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 364 9 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 364 10 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 364 11 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 364 12 arrival arrival NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 364 13 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 364 14 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 365 1 The the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 365 2 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 365 3 evolution evolution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 365 4 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 365 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 365 6 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 365 7 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 365 8 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 365 9 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 365 10 follows follow VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 365 11 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 1 Assuming assume VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 2 stationarity stationarity NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 3 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 4 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 5 evolution evolution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 6 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 8 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 9 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 10 that that WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 11 would would MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 12 imply imply VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 13 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 14 θ θ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 15 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 16 that that WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 17 Moreover moreover RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 18 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 19 Cov(e Cov(e NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 20 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 21 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 22 e e NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 23 s s NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 25 = = SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 26 0 0 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 27 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 28 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 29 = = SYM cord-117688-20gfpbyf 366 30 s. s. NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 367 1 This this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 367 2 suggests suggest VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 367 3 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 367 4 e e NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 367 5 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 367 6 series series NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 367 7 can can MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 367 8 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 367 9 considered consider VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 367 10 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 367 11 i.i.d i.i.d NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 367 12 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 367 13 innovations innovation NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 367 14 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 368 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 368 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 368 3 unconditional unconditional JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 368 4 moments moment NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 368 5 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 368 6 θ θ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 368 7 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 368 8 follows follow VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 368 9 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 368 10 where where WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 368 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 368 12 use use VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 368 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 368 14 i.i.d i.i.d NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 368 15 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 368 16 property property NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 368 17 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 368 18 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 368 19 innovations innovation NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 368 20 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 1 For for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 2 deriving derive VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 4 expectations expectation NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 5 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 7 variables variable NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 8 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 10 states state NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 11 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 12 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 13 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 14 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 15 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 16 use use VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 17 an an DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 18 approximation approximation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 19 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 20 Gaussian gaussian JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 21 distribution distribution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 22 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 23 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 24 can can MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 25 write write VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 26 see see VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 27 Davis Davis NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 28 et et NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 29 al al NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 369 30 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 370 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 370 2 2003 2003 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 370 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 370 4 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 2 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 3 unconditional unconditional JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 4 variance variance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 5 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 6 Y Y NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 7 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 8 series series NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 9 follows follow VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 10 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 11 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 12 law law NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 13 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 14 total total JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 15 variance variance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 16 together together RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 17 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 18 delta delta NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 19 method method NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 20 as as IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 21 Notice Notice NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 22 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 23 λ λ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 24 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 25 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 26 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 27 linear linear JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 28 function function NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 29 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 30 I -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 31 t−1 t−1 VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 32 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 33 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 34 thus thus RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 35 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 36 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 37 discussion discussion NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 38 provided provide VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 39 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 40 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 41 properties property NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 42 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 43 I -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 44 t t VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 45 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 46 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 47 previous previous JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 48 section section NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 49 also also RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 50 applies apply VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 51 here here RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 371 52 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 372 1 An an DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 372 2 important important JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 372 3 distinction distinction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 372 4 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 372 5 that that IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 372 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 372 7 process process NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 372 8 governing govern VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 373 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 373 2 t t VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 373 3 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 373 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 374 1 B.10 b.10 LS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 374 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 374 3 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 374 4 replaced replace VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 374 5 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 374 6 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 374 7 that that WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 374 8 are be VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 374 9 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 374 10 varying vary VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 374 11 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 375 1 Hence hence RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 375 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 375 3 score score NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 375 4 component component NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 375 5 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 375 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 375 7 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 375 8 has have VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 375 9 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 375 10 significant significant JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 375 11 impact impact NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 375 12 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 375 13 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 375 14 long long JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 375 15 run run NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 375 16 behavior behavior NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 375 17 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 375 18 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 375 19 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 375 20 variables variable NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 375 21 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 376 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 376 2 impose impose VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 376 3 stationarity stationarity NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 376 4 restrictions restriction NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 376 5 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 376 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 376 7 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 376 8 process process NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 376 9 governing govern VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 376 10 θ θ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 376 11 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 376 12 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 377 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 377 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 377 3 unconditional unconditional JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 377 4 moments moment NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 377 5 regarding regard VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 377 6 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 378 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 378 2 t t VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 378 3 can can MD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 378 4 be be VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 378 5 derived derive VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 378 6 similarly similarly RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 378 7 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 378 8 θ θ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 378 9 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 378 10 replaced replace VBD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 378 11 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 378 12 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 378 13 unconditional unconditional JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 378 14 mean mean NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 378 15 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 378 16 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 378 17 variance variance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 378 18 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 378 19 θ θ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 378 20 t t NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 378 21 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 379 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 379 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 379 3 let let VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 379 4 us -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 379 5 consider consider VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 379 6 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 379 7 conditional conditional JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 379 8 variance variance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 379 9 V V NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 379 10 ar(θ ar(θ NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 379 11 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 379 12 |Ω |ω CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 379 13 t−1 t−1 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 379 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 379 15 = = NFP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 380 1 α α NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 380 2 2 2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 380 3 2 2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 380 4 λ λ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 380 5 −1 −1 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 380 6 t−1 t−1 NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 380 7 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 2 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 3 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 4 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 5 variation variation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 6 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 7 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 8 conditional conditional JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 9 variance variance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 10 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 11 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 12 data data NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 13 stems stem VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 14 from from IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 15 both both CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 16 K k XX cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 17 t−1 t−1 NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 18 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 19 θ θ NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 20 t t NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 21 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 22 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 23 evolution evolution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 24 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 25 characterized characterize VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 26 by by IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 27 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 28 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 29 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 30 lagged lagged JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 31 score score NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 32 variable variable NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 381 33 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 1 This this DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 2 provides provide VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 3 considerably considerably RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 4 rich rich JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 5 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 6 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 7 capturing capture VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 8 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 9 evolution evolution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 10 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 11 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 12 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 13 which which WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 14 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 15 reflected reflect VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 16 as as RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 17 timely timely JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 18 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 19 prompt prompt JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 20 response response NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 21 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 22 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 23 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 24 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 25 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 26 changes change NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 27 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 28 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 29 data datum NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 30 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 31 i.e. i.e. FW cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 32 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 33 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 34 states state NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 35 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 36 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 37 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 38 which which WDT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 39 is be VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 40 reflected reflect VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 41 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 42 Figure figure NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 43 1 1 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 44 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 45 also also RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 46 Figure figure NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 47 2 2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 48 where where WRB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 49 we -PRON- PRP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 50 consider consider VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 51 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 52 real real JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 53 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 54 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 55 performance performance NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 56 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 57 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 58 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 382 59 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 383 1 A a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 383 2 multi multi JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 383 3 - - JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 383 4 risk risk NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 383 5 SIR SIR NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 383 6 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 383 7 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 383 8 optimally optimally RB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 383 9 targeted target VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 383 10 lockdown lockdown NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 1 An an DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 2 Introduction introduction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 3 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 4 Stochastic Stochastic NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 5 Epidemic Epidemic NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 6 Models Models NNPS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 7 Data Data NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 8 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 9 based base VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 10 analysis analysis NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 11 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 12 modelling modelling NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 13 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 14 forecasting forecasting NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 15 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 16 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 17 covid-19 covid-19 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 18 outbreak outbreak NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 19 Generalized generalize VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 20 poisson poisson NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 21 autoregressive autoregressive JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 22 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 23 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 24 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 25 series series NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 26 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 27 counts count NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 28 Generalized generalized JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 29 autoregressive autoregressive JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 30 score score NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 31 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 32 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 33 applications application NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 34 Observation observation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 35 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 36 driven drive VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 37 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 38 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 39 poisson poisson NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 40 counts count VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 41 Integer Integer NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 42 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 43 valued value VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 44 garch garch NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 45 process process NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 46 Estimating Estimating NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 47 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 48 simulating simulate VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 49 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 50 sird sird JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 51 model model NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 52 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 53 covid-19 covid-19 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 54 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 55 many many JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 56 countries country NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 57 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 58 states state NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 59 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 60 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 61 cities city NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 62 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 63 autoregression autoregression NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 64 Time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 65 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 66 varying varying NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 67 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 68 state state NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 69 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 70 dependent dependent JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 71 recovery recovery NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 72 rates rate NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 73 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 74 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 75 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 76 Estimating estimate VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 77 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 78 global global JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 79 infection infection NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 80 fatality fatality NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 81 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 82 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 83 covid-19 covid-19 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 84 Variation variation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 85 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 86 government government NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 87 responses response NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 88 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 89 covid-19 covid-19 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 384 90 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 1 Blavatnik Blavatnik NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 2 school school NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 3 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 4 government government NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 5 working work VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 6 paper paper NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 7 31 31 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 8 Estimating estimate VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 9 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 10 fraction fraction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 11 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 12 unreported unreported JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 13 infections infection NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 14 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 15 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 16 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 17 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 18 known known JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 19 epicenter epicenter NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 20 : : : cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 21 an an DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 22 application application NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 23 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 24 covid-19 covid-19 VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 25 A a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 26 contribution contribution NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 27 to to IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 28 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 29 mathematical mathematical JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 30 theory theory NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 31 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 32 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 33 Predicting predict VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 34 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 35 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 36 varying vary VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 37 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 38 with with IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 39 parameter parameter NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 40 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 41 driven drive VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 42 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 43 observation observation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 44 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 45 driven drive VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 46 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 47 Early early JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 48 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 49 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 50 transmission transmission NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 51 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 52 control control NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 53 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 54 covid-19 covid-19 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 55 : : : cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 56 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 57 mathematical mathematical JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 58 modelling modelling NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 385 59 study study NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 1 Substantial substantial JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 2 undocumented undocumented JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 3 infection infection NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 4 facilitates facilitate VBZ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 5 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 6 rapid rapid JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 7 dissemination dissemination NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 8 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 9 novel novel JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 10 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 12 sars sars NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 13 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 14 cov-2 cov-2 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 16 Fundamental fundamental JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 17 principles principle NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 18 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 19 epidemic epidemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 20 spread spread NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 21 highlight highlight VBP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 22 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 23 immediate immediate JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 24 need need NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 25 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 26 large large JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 27 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 28 scale scale NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 29 serological serological JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 30 surveys survey NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 31 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 32 assess assess VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 33 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 34 stage stage NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 35 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 36 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 37 sars sars NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 38 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 39 cov-2 cov-2 CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 40 epidemic epidemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 41 Estimating estimate VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 42 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 43 covid-19 covid-19 NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 44 infection infection NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 45 rate rate NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 46 : : : cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 47 Anatomy anatomy NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 48 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 49 an an DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 50 inference inference NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 51 problem problem NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 52 Tracking tracking NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 53 r r NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 54 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 55 covid-19 covid-19 NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 56 : : : cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 57 A a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 58 new new JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 59 real real JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 60 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 61 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 62 estimation estimation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 63 using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 64 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 65 kalman kalman NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 66 filter filter NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 386 67 . . . cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 1 medRxiv medRxiv NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 2 Novel novel JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 3 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 4 2019-ncov 2019-ncov CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 5 : : : cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 6 early early JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 7 estimation estimation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 8 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 9 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 10 parameters parameter NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 11 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 12 epidemic epidemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 13 predictions prediction NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 14 Sir Sir NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 15 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 16 hawkes hawkes NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 17 : : : cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 18 linking link VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 19 epidemic epidemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 20 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 21 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 22 hawkes hawkes NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 23 processes process NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 24 to to TO cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 25 model model VB cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 26 diffusions diffusion NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 27 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 28 finite finite JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 29 populations population NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 30 Monte Monte NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 31 Carlo Carlo NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 32 statistical statistical JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 33 methods method NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 34 Real real JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 35 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 36 time time NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 37 differential differential JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 38 epidemic epidemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 39 analysis analysis NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 40 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 41 prediction prediction NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 42 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 43 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 44 pandemic pandemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 45 Nowcasting Nowcasting NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 46 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 47 forecasting forecast VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 48 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 49 potential potential JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 50 domestic domestic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 51 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 52 international international JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 53 spread spread NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 54 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 55 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 56 2019-ncov 2019-ncov CD cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 57 outbreak outbreak NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 58 originating originate VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 59 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 60 wuhan wuhan NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 61 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 62 china china NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 63 : : : cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 64 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 65 modelling modelling NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 66 study study NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 67 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 68 non non JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 69 - - JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 70 parametric parametric JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 71 inference inference NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 72 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 73 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 74 epidemic epidemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 75 models model NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 76 using use VBG cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 77 gaussian gaussian JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 78 processes process NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 79 Distribution Distribution NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 80 Theory Theory NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 81 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 82 Stochastic Stochastic NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 83 Processes Processes NNPS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 84 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 85 Infectious Infectious NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 86 Disease Disease NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 87 Modelling Modelling NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 88 Short short JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 89 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 90 term term NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 91 forecasts forecast NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 92 and and CC cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 93 long long JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 94 - - HYPH cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 95 term term NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 96 mitigation mitigation NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 97 evaluations evaluation NNS cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 98 for for IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 99 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 100 covid-19 covid-19 JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 101 epidemic epidemic NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 102 in in IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 103 hubei hubei NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 104 province province NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 105 , , , cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 106 china china NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 107 Prediction Prediction NNP cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 108 of of IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 109 the the DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 110 covid-19 covid-19 JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 111 outbreak outbreak NN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 112 based base VBN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 113 on on IN cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 114 a a DT cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 115 realistic realistic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 116 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-117688-20gfpbyf 387 117 model model NN