id sid tid token lemma pos cord-313279-15wii9nn 1 1 key key NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 1 2 : : : cord-313279-15wii9nn 2 1 cord-313279 cord-313279 NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 2 2 - - HYPH cord-313279-15wii9nn 2 3 15wii9nn 15wii9nn JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 2 4 authors author NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 2 5 : : : cord-313279-15wii9nn 2 6 Trevijano Trevijano NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 2 7 - - HYPH cord-313279-15wii9nn 2 8 Contador Contador NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 2 9 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 2 10 Nuria Nuria NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 2 11 ; ; : cord-313279-15wii9nn 2 12 Zaragoza Zaragoza NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 2 13 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 2 14 Oscar Oscar NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 2 15 title title NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 2 16 : : : cord-313279-15wii9nn 3 1 Expanding expand VBG cord-313279-15wii9nn 3 2 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 3 3 use use NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 3 4 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 3 5 alternative alternative JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 3 6 models model NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 3 7 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 3 8 investigate investigate VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 3 9 novel novel JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 3 10 aspects aspect NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 3 11 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 3 12 immunity immunity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 3 13 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 3 14 microbial microbial JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 3 15 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 3 16 date date NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 3 17 : : : cord-313279-15wii9nn 3 18 2014 2014 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 3 19 - - HYPH cord-313279-15wii9nn 3 20 05 05 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 3 21 - - SYM cord-313279-15wii9nn 3 22 15 15 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 3 23 journal journal NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 3 24 : : : cord-313279-15wii9nn 4 1 Virulence virulence NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 4 2 DOI doi NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 4 3 : : : cord-313279-15wii9nn 5 1 10.4161 10.4161 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 5 2 / / SYM cord-313279-15wii9nn 5 3 viru.28775 viru.28775 NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 5 4 sha sha NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 5 5 : : : cord-313279-15wii9nn 6 1 08c70d18e261d8c344aee4323d068fad85f77e3c 08c70d18e261d8c344aee4323d068fad85f77e3c CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 6 2 doc_id doc_id CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 6 3 : : : cord-313279-15wii9nn 7 1 313279 313279 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 7 2 cord_uid cord_uid NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 7 3 : : : cord-313279-15wii9nn 8 1 15wii9nn 15wii9nn NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 8 2 nan nan NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 1 In in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 2 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 3 present present JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 4 issue issue NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 5 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 6 Virulence Virulence NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 7 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 8 an an DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 9 article article NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 10 entitled entitle VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 11 " " `` cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 12 The the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 13 maternal maternal JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 14 transfer transfer NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 15 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 16 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 17 can can MD cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 18 mediate mediate VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 19 trans trans JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 20 - - JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 21 generational generational JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 22 immune immune NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 23 priming priming NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 24 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 25 insects insect NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 26 " " '' cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 27 1 1 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 28 describes describe VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 29 an an DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 30 elegant elegant JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 31 study study NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 32 that that WDT cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 33 illustrates illustrate VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 34 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 35 use use NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 36 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 37 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 38 lepidopteran lepidopteran JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 39 Galleria Galleria NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 40 mellonella mellonella NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 41 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 42 investigate investigate VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 43 a a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 44 specific specific JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 45 aspect aspect NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 46 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 47 immunity immunity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 48 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 49 microbes microbe NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 9 50 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 10 1 The the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 10 2 authors author NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 10 3 show show VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 10 4 that that IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 10 5 exposure exposure NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 10 6 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 10 7 mothers mother NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 10 8 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 10 9 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 10 10 results result NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 10 11 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 10 12 enhanced enhance VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 10 13 immunity immunity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 10 14 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 10 15 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 10 16 offspring offspring NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 10 17 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 2 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 4 have have VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 5 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 6 that that IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 7 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 8 ingested ingest VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 9 by by IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 10 female female JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 11 larvae larva NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 12 are be VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 13 found find VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 14 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 15 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 16 eggs egg NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 17 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 18 suggesting suggest VBG cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 19 that that IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 20 enhanced enhance VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 21 immunity immunity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 22 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 23 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 24 offspring offspring NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 25 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 26 a a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 27 consequence consequence NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 28 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 29 direct direct JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 30 exposure exposure NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 31 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 32 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 33 eggs egg NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 34 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 35 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 11 36 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 12 1 This this DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 12 2 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 12 3 a a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 12 4 relevant relevant JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 12 5 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 12 6 novel novel JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 12 7 study study NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 12 8 for for IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 12 9 several several JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 12 10 reasons reason NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 12 11 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 1 The the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 2 authors author NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 3 provide provide VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 4 a a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 5 mechanism mechanism NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 6 for for IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 7 an an DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 8 important important JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 9 aspect aspect NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 10 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 11 insect insect NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 12 immunity immunity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 13 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 14 which which WDT cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 15 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 16 that that IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 17 direct direct JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 18 transfer transfer NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 19 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 20 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 21 fragments fragment NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 22 from from IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 23 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 24 mother mother NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 25 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 26 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 27 eggs egg NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 28 primes prime VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 29 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 30 immune immune JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 31 response response NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 13 32 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 1 But but CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 2 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 3 addition addition NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 4 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 5 this this DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 6 study study NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 7 opens open VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 8 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 9 scope scope NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 10 on on IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 11 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 12 use use NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 13 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 14 non non JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 15 - - JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 16 conventional conventional JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 17 models model NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 18 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 19 illustrates illustrate VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 20 how how WRB cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 21 they -PRON- PRP cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 22 can can MD cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 23 be be VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 24 used use VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 25 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 26 investigate investigate VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 27 aspects aspect NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 28 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 29 immunity immunity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 30 against against IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 31 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 32 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 14 33 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 1 Classically classically RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 2 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 3 mammals mammal NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 4 have have VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 5 been be VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 6 used use VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 7 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 8 study study VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 9 microbial microbial JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 10 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 12 rodents rodent NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 13 such such JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 14 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 15 mice mouse NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 16 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 17 rats rat NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 19 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 20 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 21 immune immune JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 22 response response NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 23 elicited elicit VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 24 by by IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 25 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 26 host host NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 15 27 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 1 These these DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 2 models model NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 3 have have VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 4 been be VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 5 a a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 6 useful useful JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 7 tool tool NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 8 for for IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 9 centuries century NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 10 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 11 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 12 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 13 development development NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 14 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 16 genetic genetic JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 17 manipulation manipulation NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 18 offers offer VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 19 new new JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 20 alternatives alternative NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 21 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 22 investigate investigate VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 23 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 24 role role NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 25 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 26 specific specific JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 27 factors factor NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 28 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 29 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 30 immune immune JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 31 system system NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 32 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 33 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 34 defense defense NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 35 against against IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 36 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 16 37 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 17 1 However however RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 17 2 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 17 3 animal animal NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 17 4 experimentation experimentation NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 17 5 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 17 6 associated associate VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 17 7 with with IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 17 8 important important JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 17 9 bioethical bioethical JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 17 10 problems problem NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 17 11 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 17 12 mainly mainly RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 17 13 due due IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 17 14 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 17 15 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 17 16 pain pain NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 17 17 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 17 18 suffering suffering NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 17 19 inflicted inflict VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 17 20 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 17 21 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 17 22 animals animal NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 17 23 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 18 1 For for IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 18 2 this this DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 18 3 reason reason NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 18 4 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 18 5 animal animal NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 18 6 experimentation experimentation NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 18 7 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 18 8 nowadays nowadays RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 18 9 regulated regulate VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 18 10 by by IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 18 11 authorities authority NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 18 12 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 18 13 bioethical bioethical JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 18 14 committees committee NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 18 15 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 2 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 3 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 4 reduce reduce VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 5 these these DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 6 bioethical bioethical JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 7 problems problem NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 8 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 9 there there EX cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 10 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 11 a a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 12 strong strong JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 13 trend trend NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 14 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 15 apply apply VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 16 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 17 " " `` cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 18 3 3 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 19 Rs r NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 20 " " '' cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 21 rule rule NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 22 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 23 experiments experiment NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 24 that that WDT cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 25 involve involve VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 26 animal animal NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 27 use use NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 28 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 29 which which WDT cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 30 are be VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 31 : : : cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 32 reduce reduce VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 33 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 34 number number NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 35 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 36 animals animal NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 37 used use VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 38 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 39 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 40 laboratory laboratory NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 41 ; ; : cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 42 refine refine VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 43 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 44 protocols protocol NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 45 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 46 increase increase VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 47 animal animal NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 48 comfort comfort NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 49 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 50 reduce reduce VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 51 pain pain NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 52 ; ; : cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 53 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 54 replace replace VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 55 animals animal NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 56 for for IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 57 other other JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 58 models model NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 59 that that WDT cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 60 do do VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 61 not not RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 62 have have VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 63 bioethical bioethical JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 64 problems problem NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 65 associated associate VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 19 66 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 1 In in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 2 this this DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 3 context context NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 4 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 5 there there EX cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 6 has have VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 7 been be VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 8 an an DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 9 increasing increase VBG cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 10 interest interest NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 11 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 12 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 13 scientific scientific JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 14 community community NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 15 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 16 implement implement VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 17 other other JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 18 systems system NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 19 that that WDT cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 20 could could MD cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 21 be be VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 22 used use VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 23 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 24 an an DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 25 alternative alternative NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 26 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 27 protected protect VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 28 animals animal NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 29 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 30 with with IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 31 special special JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 32 emphasis emphasis NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 33 on on IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 34 animals animal NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 35 with with IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 36 poorly poorly RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 37 developed develop VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 38 neural neural JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 39 systems system NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 40 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 41 which which WDT cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 42 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 43 feeling feeling NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 44 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 45 pain pain NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 46 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 47 almost almost RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 48 absent absent JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 20 49 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 21 1 For for IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 21 2 this this DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 21 3 reason reason NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 21 4 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 21 5 " " '' cord-313279-15wii9nn 21 6 non non JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 21 7 - - JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 21 8 conventional conventional JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 21 9 " " '' cord-313279-15wii9nn 21 10 hosts host NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 21 11 are be VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 21 12 being be VBG cord-313279-15wii9nn 21 13 used use VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 21 14 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 21 15 investigate investigate VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 21 16 microbial microbial JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 21 17 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 21 18 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 21 19 including include VBG cord-313279-15wii9nn 21 20 both both DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 21 21 invertebrates invertebrate NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 21 22 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 21 23 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 21 24 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 22 1 These these DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 22 2 organisms organism NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 22 3 have have VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 22 4 been be VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 22 5 proven prove VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 22 6 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 22 7 be be VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 22 8 very very RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 22 9 useful useful JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 22 10 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 22 11 investigate investigate VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 22 12 specific specific JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 22 13 virulence virulence NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 22 14 traits trait NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 22 15 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 22 16 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 22 17 pathogen pathogen NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 22 18 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 22 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-313279-15wii9nn 22 20 role role NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 22 21 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 22 22 infection infection NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 22 23 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 1 But but CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 2 although although IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 4 are be VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 5 not not RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 6 closely closely RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 7 related related JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 8 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 9 higher high JJR cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 10 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 11 from from IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 12 an an DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 13 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 14 point point NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 15 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 16 view view NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 17 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 18 they -PRON- PRP cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 19 share share VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 20 important important JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 21 aspects aspect NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 22 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 23 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 24 response response NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 25 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 26 microbes microbe NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 27 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 28 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 29 particular particular JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 30 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 31 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 32 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 33 innate innate JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 34 immunity immunity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 23 35 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 24 1 So so IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 24 2 these these DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 24 3 models model NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 24 4 can can MD cord-313279-15wii9nn 24 5 also also RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 24 6 provide provide VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 24 7 information information NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 24 8 about about IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 24 9 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 24 10 immune immune JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 24 11 response response NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 24 12 elicited elicit VBD cord-313279-15wii9nn 24 13 against against IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 24 14 microbial microbial JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 24 15 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 24 16 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 25 1 Among among IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 25 2 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 25 3 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 25 4 two two CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 25 5 alternative alternative JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 25 6 different different JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 25 7 models model NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 25 8 are be VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 25 9 being be VBG cord-313279-15wii9nn 25 10 used use VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 25 11 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 25 12 infection infection NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 25 13 models model NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 25 14 : : : cord-313279-15wii9nn 25 15 zebra zebra NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 25 16 fish fish NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 25 17 embryos embryo NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 25 18 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 25 19 embryonated embryonate VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 25 20 chicken chicken NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 25 21 eggs egg NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 25 22 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 1 In in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 2 both both DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 3 cases case NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 4 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 5 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 6 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 7 reduce reduce VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 8 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 9 bioethical bioethical JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 10 issues issue NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 11 associated associate VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 12 with with IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 13 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 14 use use NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 15 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 16 adult adult NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 17 individuals individual NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 18 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 19 infections infection NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 20 are be VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 21 performed perform VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 22 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 23 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 24 embryonated embryonated JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 25 stage stage NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 26 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 27 development development NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 26 28 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 27 1 These these DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 27 2 models model NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 27 3 present present VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 27 4 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 27 5 advantage advantage NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 27 6 that that WDT cord-313279-15wii9nn 27 7 they -PRON- PRP cord-313279-15wii9nn 27 8 have have VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 27 9 a a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 27 10 closer close JJR cord-313279-15wii9nn 27 11 immunity immunity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 27 12 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 27 13 mammals mammal NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 27 14 than than IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 27 15 invertebrates invertebrate NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 27 16 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 1 Zebra zebra NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 2 fish fish NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 4 Danio Danio NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 5 rerio rerio NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 7 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 8 used use VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 9 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 10 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 11 host host NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 12 during during IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 13 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 14 first first JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 15 seven seven CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 16 days day NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 17 after after IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 18 eggs egg NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 19 deposition deposition NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 20 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 21 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 22 infections infection NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 23 can can MD cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 24 be be VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 25 performed perform VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 26 by by IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 27 microinjection microinjection NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 28 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 29 different different JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 30 areas area NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 28 31 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 29 1 2 2 LS cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 1 The the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 2 zebra zebra NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 3 fish fish NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 4 has have VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 5 both both DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 6 innate innate JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 7 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 8 acquired acquire VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 9 immunity immunity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 10 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 11 although although IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 12 this this DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 13 last last JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 14 one one NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 15 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 16 not not RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 17 developed develop VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 18 until until IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 19 day day NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 20 30 30 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 21 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 22 development development NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 23 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 24 so so CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 25 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 26 zebra zebra NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 27 fish fish NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 28 embryo embryo NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 29 infection infection NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 30 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 31 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 32 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 33 particular particular JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 34 interest interest NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 35 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 36 investigate investigate VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 37 virulence virulence NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 38 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 39 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 40 controlled control VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 41 mainly mainly RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 42 by by IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 43 innate innate JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 44 immunity immunity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 30 45 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 31 1 One one CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 31 2 advantage advantage NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 31 3 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 31 4 this this DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 31 5 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 31 6 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 31 7 that that IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 31 8 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 31 9 anatomy anatomy NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 31 10 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 31 11 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 31 12 embryos embryo NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 31 13 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 31 14 easily easily RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 31 15 visible visible JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 31 16 under under IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 31 17 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 31 18 microscopy microscopy NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 31 19 due due IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 31 20 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 31 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-313279-15wii9nn 31 22 transparency transparency NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 31 23 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 1 Embryonated embryonate VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 2 chicken chicken NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 3 eggs egg NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 4 offer offer VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 5 also also RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 6 an an DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 7 alternative alternative NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 8 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 9 investigate investigate VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 10 microbial microbial JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 11 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 12 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 13 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 14 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 16 occurs occur VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 17 with with IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 18 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 19 zebra zebra NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 20 fish fish NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 21 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 22 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 23 immunity immunity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 24 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 25 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 26 eggs egg NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 27 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 28 similar similar JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 29 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 30 that that DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 31 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 32 higher high JJR cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 33 mammals mammal NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 32 34 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 33 1 Infections infection NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 33 2 are be VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 33 3 performed perform VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 33 4 by by IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 33 5 injection injection NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 33 6 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 33 7 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 33 8 pathogen pathogen NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 33 9 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 33 10 chorioallantoic chorioallantoic NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 33 11 membrane membrane NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 33 12 or or CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 33 13 directly directly RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 33 14 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 33 15 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 33 16 embryos embryo NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 33 17 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 33 18 eggs egg NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 33 19 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 1 The the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 2 use use NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 3 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 4 zebra zebra NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 5 fish fish NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 6 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 7 embryonated embryonate VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 8 chicken chicken NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 9 eggs egg NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 10 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 11 limited limit VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 12 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 13 many many JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 14 cases case NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 15 because because IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 17 require require VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 18 specific specific JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 19 facilities facility NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 20 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 21 host host VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 22 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 23 maintain maintain VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 24 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 25 animals animal NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 26 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 27 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 28 also also RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 29 due due IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 30 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 31 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 32 expertise expertise NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 33 required require VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 34 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 35 handle handle VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 36 them -PRON- PRP cord-313279-15wii9nn 34 37 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 35 1 Despite despite IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 35 2 these these DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 35 3 limitations limitation NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 35 4 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 35 5 these these DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 35 6 models model NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 35 7 have have VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 35 8 been be VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 35 9 used use VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 35 10 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 35 11 investigate investigate VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 35 12 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 35 13 virulence virulence NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 35 14 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 35 15 fungal fungal NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 35 16 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 35 17 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 35 18 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 35 19 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 35 20 viral viral JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 35 21 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 35 22 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 36 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 36 2 3 3 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 36 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 36 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 36 5 4 4 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 36 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 36 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 36 8 5 5 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 36 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 36 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 36 11 6 6 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 36 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 36 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 36 14 7 7 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 36 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 37 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 37 2 8 8 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 37 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 37 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 37 5 9 9 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 37 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 37 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 37 8 10 10 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 37 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 37 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 37 11 11 11 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 37 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 38 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 38 2 12 12 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 38 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 38 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 38 5 13 13 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 38 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 39 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 39 2 14 14 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 39 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 39 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 39 5 15 15 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 39 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 39 7 Invertebrate invertebrate JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 39 8 animals animal NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 39 9 are be VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 39 10 also also RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 39 11 extensively extensively RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 39 12 used use VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 39 13 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 39 14 models model NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 39 15 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 39 16 study study VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 39 17 immunity immunity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 39 18 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 39 19 microbial microbial JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 39 20 virulence virulence NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 39 21 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 40 1 There there EX cord-313279-15wii9nn 40 2 are be VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 40 3 three three CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 40 4 main main JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 40 5 alternative alternative JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 40 6 hosts host NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 40 7 that that WDT cord-313279-15wii9nn 40 8 have have VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 40 9 been be VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 40 10 widely widely RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 40 11 utilized utilize VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 40 12 : : : cord-313279-15wii9nn 40 13 amoebas amoeba NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 40 14 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 40 15 insects insect NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 40 16 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 40 17 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 40 18 nematodes nematode NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 40 19 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 41 1 Amoebas amoeba NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 41 2 are be VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 41 3 environmental environmental JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 41 4 predators predator NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 41 5 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 41 6 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 41 7 for for IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 41 8 this this DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 41 9 reason reason NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 41 10 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 41 11 they -PRON- PRP cord-313279-15wii9nn 41 12 are be VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 41 13 considered consider VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 41 14 an an DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 41 15 optimal optimal JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 41 16 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 41 17 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 41 18 investigate investigate VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 41 19 phagocytic phagocytic JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 41 20 activity activity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 41 21 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 42 1 16 16 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 1 This this DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 2 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 3 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 4 particular particular JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 5 interest interest NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 6 for for IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 7 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 8 study study NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 9 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 10 facultative facultative JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 11 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 12 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 13 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 14 since since IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 15 some some DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 16 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 17 them -PRON- PRP cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 18 can can MD cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 19 also also RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 20 survive survive VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 21 inside inside IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 22 amoebas amoeba NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 23 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 24 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 25 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 26 that that WDT cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 27 result result VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 28 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 29 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 30 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 31 seem seem VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 32 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 33 be be VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 34 conserved conserve VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 35 from from IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 36 amoebas amoeba NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 37 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 38 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 39 phagocytic phagocytic JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 40 cells cell NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 43 41 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 1 In in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 2 addition addition NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 3 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 4 survival survival NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 5 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 6 microbial microbial JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 7 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 8 inside inside IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 9 amoebas amoeba NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 10 drives drive VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 11 selection selection NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 12 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 13 microbes microbe NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 14 resistant resistant JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 15 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 16 killing killing NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 17 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 18 which which WDT cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 19 has have VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 20 important important JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 21 implications implication NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 22 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 23 understand understand VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 24 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 25 acquisition acquisition NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 26 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 27 virulence virulence NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 28 traits trait NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 29 that that WDT cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 30 are be VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 31 also also RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 32 used use VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 33 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 34 cause cause VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 35 disease disease NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 36 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 37 more more JJR cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 38 complex complex JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 39 organisms organism NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 44 40 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 45 1 16 16 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 1 This this DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 2 survival survival NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 3 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 4 also also RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 5 relevant relevant JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 6 for for IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 7 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 8 infection infection NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 9 cycle cycle NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 10 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 11 some some DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 12 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 13 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 14 which which WDT cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 15 are be VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 16 phagocytosed phagocytose VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 17 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 18 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 19 environment environment NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 20 by by IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 21 amoebas amoeba NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 22 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 23 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 24 use use VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 25 them -PRON- PRP cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 26 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 27 vehicle vehicle NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 28 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 29 infect infect VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 30 humans human NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 46 31 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 47 1 17 17 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 47 2 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 47 3 18 18 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 47 4 Nematodes nematode NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 47 5 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 47 6 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 47 7 particular particular JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 47 8 Caenorhabditis Caenorhabditis NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 47 9 elegans elegan NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 47 10 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 47 11 can can MD cord-313279-15wii9nn 47 12 be be VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 47 13 used use VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 47 14 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 47 15 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 47 16 hosts host NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 47 17 for for IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 47 18 infections infection NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 47 19 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 1 19 19 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 2 Immunity immunity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 3 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 4 C. C. NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 5 elegans elegan NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 6 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 7 based base VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 8 on on IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 9 three three CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 10 major major JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 11 responses response NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 12 : : : cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 13 avoidance avoidance NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 14 behavior behavior NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 15 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 16 which which WDT cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 17 relies rely VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 18 on on IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 19 chemosensory chemosensory NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 20 neurons neuron NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 21 that that WDT cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 22 sense sense VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 23 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 24 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 25 induce induce VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 26 escape escape NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 27 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 28 physical physical JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 29 barriers barrier NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 31 cuticle cuticle NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 32 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 33 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 34 pharyngeal pharyngeal JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 35 grinder grinder NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 37 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 38 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 39 innate innate JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 40 immunity immunity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 48 41 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 1 This this DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 2 last last JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 3 response response NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 4 depends depend VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 5 on on IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 6 pattern pattern NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 7 recognition recognition NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 8 receptors receptor NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 10 scavenger scavenger NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 11 receptors receptor NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 12 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 13 c c NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 14 - - : cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 15 lectins lectin NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 16 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 17 FSHR FSHR NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 18 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 19 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 20 TOL1 TOL1 NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 22 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 23 which which WDT cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 24 regulate regulate VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 25 different different JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 26 signaling signal VBG cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 27 pathways pathway NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 29 mainly mainly RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 30 MAPK MAPK NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 31 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 32 unfolded unfold VBD cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 33 protein protein NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 34 response response NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 35 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 36 DAF DAF NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 37 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 38 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 39 TGF TGF NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 40 - - HYPH cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 41 β β NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 49 43 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 1 As as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 2 a a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 3 consequence consequence NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 4 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 5 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 6 responses response NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 8 such such JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 9 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 10 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 11 peptides peptide NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 12 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 13 caenopores caenopore NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 14 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 15 lysozymes lysozyme VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 16 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 17 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 18 reactive reactive JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 19 oxygen oxygen NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 20 species specie NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 21 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 22 ROS ROS NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 24 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 25 autophagy autophagy NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 26 are be VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 27 induced induce VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 50 28 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 51 1 Remarkably remarkably RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 51 2 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 51 3 C. C. NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 51 4 elegans elegan NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 51 5 does do VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 51 6 not not RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 51 7 have have VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 51 8 phagocytic phagocytic JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 51 9 cells cell NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 51 10 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 52 1 20 20 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 53 1 The the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 53 2 main main JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 53 3 advantage advantage NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 53 4 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 53 5 this this DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 53 6 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 53 7 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 53 8 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 53 9 availability availability NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 53 10 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 53 11 genetic genetic JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 53 12 tools tool NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 53 13 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 54 1 KO KO NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 54 2 collections collection NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 54 3 are be VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 54 4 available available JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 54 5 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 54 6 which which WDT cord-313279-15wii9nn 54 7 makes make VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 54 8 this this DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 54 9 worm worm NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 54 10 suitable suitable JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 54 11 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 54 12 investigate investigate VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 54 13 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 54 14 role role NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 54 15 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 54 16 specific specific JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 54 17 elements element NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 54 18 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 54 19 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 54 20 host host NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 54 21 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 54 22 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 54 23 response response NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 54 24 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 54 25 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 54 26 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 2 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 3 due due IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 4 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 6 small small JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 7 size size NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 8 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 9 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 10 possibility possibility NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 11 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 12 perform perform VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 13 assays assay NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 14 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 15 microdilution microdilution NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 16 plates plate NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 17 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 18 C. C. NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 19 elegans elegan NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 20 offers offer VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 21 an an DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 22 excellent excellent JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 23 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 24 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 25 perform perform VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 26 large large JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 27 screenings screening NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 28 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 29 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 30 compounds compound NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 55 31 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 56 1 21 21 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 57 1 However however RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 57 2 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 57 3 this this DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 57 4 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 57 5 exhibits exhibit VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 57 6 also also RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 57 7 several several JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 57 8 limitations limitation NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 57 9 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 1 Infection infection NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 2 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 3 performed perform VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 4 by by IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 5 placing place VBG cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 6 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 7 worms worm NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 8 on on IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 9 agar agar JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 10 plates plate NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 11 with with IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 12 a a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 13 layer layer NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 14 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 15 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 16 microorganism microorganism NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 17 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 18 so so CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 20 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 21 difficult difficult JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 22 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 23 estimate estimate VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 24 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 25 amount amount NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 26 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 27 inoculum inoculum NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 28 used use VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 29 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 30 each each DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 31 experiment experiment NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 58 32 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 1 In in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 2 addition addition NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 3 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 4 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 5 worms worm NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 6 do do VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 7 not not RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 8 tolerate tolerate VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 9 high high JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 10 temperatures temperature NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 11 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 12 so so CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 14 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 15 not not RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 16 an an DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 17 optimal optimal JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 18 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 19 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 20 analyze analyze VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 21 hostpathogen hostpathogen NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 22 interaction interaction NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 23 at at IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 24 37 37 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 25 ° ° NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 26 C c NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 59 27 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 60 1 Among among IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 60 2 insects insect NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 60 3 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 60 4 there there EX cord-313279-15wii9nn 60 5 are be VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 60 6 two two CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 60 7 species specie NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 60 8 largely largely RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 60 9 used use VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 60 10 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 60 11 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 60 12 hosts host NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 60 13 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 60 14 study study VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 60 15 microbial microbial JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 60 16 virulence virulence NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 60 17 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 60 18 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 60 19 melanogaster melanogaster NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 60 20 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 60 21 Galleria Galleria NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 60 22 mellonella mellonella NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 60 23 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 61 1 22 22 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 61 2 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 61 3 melanogaster melanogaster NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 61 4 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 61 5 a a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 61 6 fly fly NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 61 7 that that WDT cord-313279-15wii9nn 61 8 has have VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 61 9 been be VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 61 10 used use VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 61 11 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 61 12 research research NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 61 13 for for IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 61 14 decades decade NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 61 15 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 2 immunity immunity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 3 depends depend VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 4 mainly mainly RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 5 on on IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 6 physical physical JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 7 barriers barrier NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 8 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 9 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 10 on on IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 11 both both DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 12 cellular cellular JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 14 hemocytes hemocytes NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 16 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 17 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 18 humoral humoral JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 20 Toll Toll NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 21 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 22 Imd Imd NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 23 pathways pathway NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 25 responses response NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 26 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 27 that that WDT cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 28 induce induce VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 29 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 30 production production NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 31 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 32 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 33 peptides peptide NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 34 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 35 ROS ROS NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 62 36 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 1 23 23 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 2 Investigation investigation NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 3 with with IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 4 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 5 melanogaster melanogaster NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 6 has have VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 7 elucidated elucidate VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 8 some some DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 9 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 10 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 11 main main JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 12 elements element NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 13 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 14 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 15 immunity immunity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 16 against against IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 17 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 18 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 19 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 20 such such JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 21 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 22 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 23 Toll toll NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 24 receptors receptor NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 25 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 26 which which WDT cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 27 were be VBD cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 28 identified identify VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 29 for for IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 30 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 31 increased increase VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 32 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 33 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 34 KO KO NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 35 flies fly NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 36 lacking lack VBG cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 37 this this DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 38 receptor receptor NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 39 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 40 Aspergillus aspergillus NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 41 fumigatus fumigatus NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 42 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 43 24 24 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 44 a a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 45 discovery discovery NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 46 that that WDT cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 47 was be VBD cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 48 awarded award VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 49 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 50 Nobel Nobel NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 51 Prize Prize NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 52 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 53 Physiology Physiology NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 54 or or CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 55 Medicine Medicine NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 56 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 57 2011 2011 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 63 58 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 64 1 Pathogens pathogen NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 64 2 can can MD cord-313279-15wii9nn 64 3 be be VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 64 4 introduced introduce VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 64 5 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 64 6 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 64 7 flies fly NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 64 8 aerosolized aerosolize VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 64 9 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 64 10 by by IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 64 11 microinjection microinjection NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 64 12 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 64 13 or or CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 64 14 administered administer VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 64 15 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 64 16 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 64 17 food food NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 64 18 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 1 The the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 2 development development NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 3 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 4 genetics genetic NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 5 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 6 possibility possibility NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 7 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 8 obtain obtain VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 9 knockout knockout NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 10 strains strain NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 11 make make VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 12 D. D. NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 13 melanogaster melanogaster NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 14 also also RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 15 a a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 16 suitable suitable JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 17 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 18 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 19 investigate investigate VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 20 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 21 role role NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 22 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 23 host host NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 24 elements element NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 25 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 26 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 27 response response NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 28 against against IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 29 microbial microbial JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 30 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 65 31 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 66 1 25 25 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 67 1 The the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 67 2 other other JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 67 3 insect insect NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 67 4 that that WDT cord-313279-15wii9nn 67 5 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 67 6 currently currently RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 67 7 widely widely RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 67 8 used use VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 67 9 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 67 10 investigate investigate VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 67 11 microbial microbial JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 67 12 virulence virulence NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 67 13 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 67 14 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 67 15 lepidopteran lepidopteran JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 67 16 Galleria Galleria NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 67 17 mellonella mellonella NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 67 18 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 68 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 68 2 26 26 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 68 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 68 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 68 5 27 27 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 68 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 69 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 69 2 28 28 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 69 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 1 The the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 2 life life NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 3 cycle cycle NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 4 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 5 this this DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 6 organism organism NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 7 comprises comprise VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 8 a a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 9 larval larval JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 10 stage stage NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 12 size size NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 13 around around IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 14 1 1 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 15 - - SYM cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 16 3 3 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 17 cm cm NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 19 that that WDT cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 20 transform transform VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 21 into into IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 22 pupae pupa NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 23 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 24 finally finally RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 25 into into IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 26 moth moth NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 70 27 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 71 1 The the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 71 2 size size NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 71 3 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 71 4 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 71 5 larvae larvae NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 71 6 makes make VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 71 7 easy easy JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 71 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-313279-15wii9nn 71 9 manipulation manipulation NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 71 10 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 71 11 injection injection NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 71 12 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 1 Survival survival NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 2 monitoring monitoring NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 3 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 4 also also RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 5 very very RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 6 convenient convenient JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 7 because because IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 8 when when WRB cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 9 they -PRON- PRP cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 10 die die VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 11 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 12 they -PRON- PRP cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 13 become become VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 14 unresponsive unresponsive JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 15 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 16 physical physical JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 17 stimuli stimulus NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 18 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 19 acquire acquire VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 20 a a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 21 dark dark JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 22 color color NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 23 due due IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 24 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 25 strong strong JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 26 melanization melanization NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 72 27 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 73 1 In in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 73 2 addition addition NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 73 3 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 73 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-313279-15wii9nn 73 5 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 73 6 possible possible JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 73 7 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 73 8 easily easily RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 73 9 administer administer VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 73 10 accurate accurate JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 73 11 doses dose NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 73 12 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 73 13 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 73 14 compounds compound NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 73 15 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 73 16 test test VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 73 17 toxicity toxicity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 73 18 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 73 19 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 73 20 vivo vivo NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 73 21 efficacy efficacy NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 73 22 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 1 Immune immune JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 2 response response NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 3 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 4 this this DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 5 insect insect NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 6 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 7 mainly mainly RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 8 based base VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 9 on on IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 10 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 11 presence presence NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 12 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 13 hemocytes hemocytes NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 14 with with IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 15 phagocytic phagocytic JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 16 activity activity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 17 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 18 on on IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 19 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 20 peptides peptide NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 21 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 22 on on IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 23 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 24 induction induction NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 25 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 26 melanization melanization NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 74 27 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 2 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 3 different different JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 4 routes route NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 5 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 6 infection infection NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 7 can can MD cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 8 be be VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 9 performed perform VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 10 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 11 such such JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 12 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 13 direct direct JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 14 injections injection NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 15 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 16 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 17 hemocoele hemocoele NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 18 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 19 or or CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 20 by by IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 21 ingestion ingestion NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 22 after after IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 23 placing place VBG cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 24 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 25 pathogen pathogen NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 26 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 27 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 28 food food NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 75 29 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 1 Galleria Galleria NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 2 mellonella mellonella NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 3 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 4 becoming become VBG cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 5 a a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 6 reference reference NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 7 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 8 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 9 investigate investigate VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 10 microbial microbial JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 11 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 12 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 13 such such JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 14 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 15 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 16 role role NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 17 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 18 virulence virulence NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 19 factors factor NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 20 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 21 disease disease NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 22 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 23 efficacy efficacy NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 24 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 25 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 26 compounds compound NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 76 27 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 77 1 But but CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 77 2 this this DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 77 3 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 77 4 can can MD cord-313279-15wii9nn 77 5 be be VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 77 6 used use VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 77 7 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 77 8 investigate investigate VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 77 9 more more RBR cord-313279-15wii9nn 77 10 complex complex JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 77 11 aspects aspect NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 77 12 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 77 13 immunity immunity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 77 14 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 77 15 virulence virulence NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 77 16 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 1 Dr Dr NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 2 Vilcinskas Vilcinskas NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 3 ' ' POS cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 4 group group NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 5 has have VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 6 elegantly elegantly RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 7 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 8 that that IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 9 this this DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 10 lepidopteran lepidopteran NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 11 can can MD cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 12 be be VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 13 used use VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 14 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 15 investigate investigate VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 16 specific specific JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 17 features feature NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 18 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 19 microbial microbial JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 20 disease disease NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 21 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 22 such such JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 23 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 24 brain brain NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 25 infection infection NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 26 caused cause VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 27 by by IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 28 Listeria Listeria NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 29 monocytogenes monocytogenes NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 30 29 29 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 32 comment comment NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 33 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 34 ref ref NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 35 . . NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 36 2 2 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 78 38 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 1 The the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 2 article article NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 3 by by IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 4 Freitak Freitak NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 5 on on IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 6 maternal maternal JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 7 transfer transfer NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 8 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 9 immunity immunity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 10 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 11 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 12 offspring offspring NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 13 1 1 CD cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 14 illustrates illustrate VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 15 another another DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 16 example example NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 17 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 18 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 19 versatility versatility NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 20 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 21 non non JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 22 - - JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 23 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 24 models model NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 25 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 26 investigate investigate VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 27 relevant relevant JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 28 aspects aspect NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 29 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 30 immunity immunity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 31 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 32 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 33 applies apply VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 34 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 35 different different JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 36 fields field NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 37 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 38 from from IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 39 entomology entomology NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 40 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 41 immunity immunity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 79 42 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 2 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 3 this this DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 4 work work NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 5 opens open VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 6 new new JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 7 perspectives perspective NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 8 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 9 research research NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 10 lines line NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 12 such such JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 13 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 14 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 15 investigation investigation NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 16 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 17 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 18 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 19 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 20 infection infection NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 21 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 22 worms worm NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 23 derived derive VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 24 from from IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 25 mothers mother NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 26 exposed expose VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 27 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 28 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 30 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 31 a a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 32 matter matter NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 33 that that WDT cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 34 could could MD cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 35 be be VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 36 address address NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 37 using use VBG cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 38 other other JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 39 models model NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 40 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 41 such such JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 42 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 43 C. C. NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 44 elegans elegan NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 45 or or CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 46 D. D. NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 47 melanogaster melanogaster NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 80 48 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 1 But but CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 2 furthermore furthermore RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 3 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 4 this this DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 5 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 6 an an DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 7 exciting exciting JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 8 article article NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 9 from from IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 10 an an DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 11 intellectual intellectual JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 12 point point NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 13 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 14 view view NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 15 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 16 because because IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 18 suggests suggest VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 19 a a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 20 mechanism mechanism NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 21 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 22 natural natural JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 23 selection selection NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 24 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 25 microbe microbe NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 26 - - HYPH cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 27 resistant resistant JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 28 worms worm NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 29 through through IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 30 evolution evolution NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 31 not not RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 32 based base VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 33 on on IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 34 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 35 acquisition acquisition NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 36 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 37 specific specific JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 38 genes gene NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 39 or or CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 40 mutations mutation NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 81 41 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 1 Finally finally RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 2 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 4 would would MD cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 5 like like VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 6 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 7 stress stress VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 8 that that IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 9 at at IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 10 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 11 moment moment NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 12 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 13 despite despite IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 14 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 15 bioethical bioethical JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 16 issues issue NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 17 associated associate VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 18 with with IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 19 animal animal NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 20 experimentation experimentation NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 21 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 22 full full JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 23 replacement replacement NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 24 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 25 classical classical JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 26 models model NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 27 does do VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 28 not not RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 29 seem seem VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 30 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 31 be be VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 32 an an DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 33 option option NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 34 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 35 since since IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 36 there there EX cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 37 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 38 still still RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 39 a a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 40 need need NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 41 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 42 validate validate VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 43 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 44 use use NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 45 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 46 non non JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 47 - - JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 48 conventional conventional JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 49 hosts host NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 50 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 51 fully fully RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 52 understand understand VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 53 how how WRB cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 54 much much JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 55 information information NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 56 obtained obtain VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 57 with with IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 58 them -PRON- PRP cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 59 correlates correlate VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 60 with with IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 61 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 62 results result NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 63 observed observe VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 64 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 65 more more JJR cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 66 complex complex JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 67 organisms organism NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 82 68 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 1 But but CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 2 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 3 use use NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 4 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 5 " " `` cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 6 non non JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 7 - - JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 8 conventional conventional JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 9 " " '' cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 10 models model NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 11 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 12 investigate investigate VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 13 immunity immunity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 14 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 15 microbes microbe NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 16 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 17 an an DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 18 emerging emerge VBG cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 19 field field NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 20 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 21 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 22 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 23 number number NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 24 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 25 articles article NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 26 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 27 which which WDT cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 28 virulence virulence NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 29 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 30 immunity immunity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 31 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 32 assessed assess VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 33 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 34 these these DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 35 models model NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 36 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 37 not not RB cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 38 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 39 " " `` cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 40 classical classical JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 41 " " '' cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 42 animals animal NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 43 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 44 such such JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 45 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 46 rodents rodent NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 47 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 48 is be VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 49 increasing increase VBG cord-313279-15wii9nn 83 50 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 1 For for IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 2 this this DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 3 reason reason NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 4 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 6 believe believe VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 7 that that IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 8 this this DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 9 type type NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 10 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 11 host host NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 12 should should MD cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 13 be be VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 14 designated designate VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 15 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 16 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 17 future future NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 18 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 19 " " `` cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 20 alternative alternative JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 21 " " '' cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 22 models model NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 23 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 24 opposed oppose VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 25 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 26 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 27 term term NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 28 " " `` cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 29 non non JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 30 - - JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 31 conventional conventional JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 32 " " '' cord-313279-15wii9nn 84 33 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 85 1 No no DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 85 2 potential potential JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 85 3 conflicts conflict NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 85 4 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 85 5 interest interest NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 85 6 were be VBD cord-313279-15wii9nn 85 7 disclosed disclose VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 85 8 . . . cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 1 The the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 2 maternal maternal JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 3 transfer transfer NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 4 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 5 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 6 can can MD cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 7 mediate mediate VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 8 trans trans JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 9 - - JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 10 generational generational JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 11 immune immune NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 12 priming priming NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 13 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 14 insects insect NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 15 Developing develop VBG cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 16 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 17 potential potential NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 18 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 19 using use VBG cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 20 Galleria Galleria NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 21 mellonella mellonella NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 22 larvae larva NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 23 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 24 models model NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 25 for for IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 26 studying study VBG cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 27 brain brain NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 28 infection infection NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 29 by by IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 30 Listeria Listeria NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 31 monocytogenes monocytogenes NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 32 Isolation isolation NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 33 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 34 distribution distribution NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 35 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 36 West West NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 37 Nile Nile NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 38 virus virus NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 39 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 40 embryonated embryonate VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 41 chicken chicken NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 42 eggs egg NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 43 Isolation isolation NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 44 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 45 propagation propagation NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 46 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 47 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 48 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 49 embryonated embryonate VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 50 eggs egg NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 51 Pathogenesis Pathogenesis NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 52 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 53 Candida Candida NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 54 albicans albican NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 55 infections infection NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 56 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 57 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 58 alternative alternative JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 59 chorio chorio NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 60 - - HYPH cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 61 allantoic allantoic NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 62 membrane membrane NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 63 chicken chicken NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 64 embryo embryo NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 65 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 66 resembles resemble VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 67 systemic systemic JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 68 murine murine JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 86 69 infections infection NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 87 1 Embryonated embryonate VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 87 2 eggs egg NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 87 3 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 87 4 an an DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 87 5 alternative alternative JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 87 6 infection infection NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 87 7 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 87 8 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 87 9 investigate investigate VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 87 10 Aspergillus aspergillus NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 87 11 fumigatus fumigatus NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 87 12 virulence virulence NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 87 13 Chicken Chicken NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 87 14 egg egg NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 87 15 yolk yolk NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 87 16 antibodies antibody NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 87 17 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 87 18 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 87 19 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 87 20 enteric enteric JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 87 21 infectious infectious JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 87 22 disease disease NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 87 23 : : : cord-313279-15wii9nn 87 24 a a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 87 25 review review NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 88 1 Pleiotropic Pleiotropic NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 88 2 phenotypes phenotype NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 88 3 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 88 4 a a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 88 5 Yersinia Yersinia NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 88 6 enterocolitica enterocolitica NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 88 7 flhD flhd JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 88 8 mutant mutant NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 88 9 include include VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 88 10 reduced reduce VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 88 11 lethality lethality NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 88 12 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 88 13 a a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 88 14 chicken chicken NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 88 15 embryo embryo NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 88 16 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 1 Chicken chicken NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 2 embryo embryo NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 3 lethality lethality NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 4 assay assay NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 5 for for IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 6 determining determine VBG cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 7 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 8 virulence virulence NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 9 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 10 avian avian JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 11 Escherichia escherichia NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 12 coli coli NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 13 isolates isolate VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 14 The the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 15 Zebrafish Zebrafish NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 16 Guide Guide NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 17 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 18 Tuberculosis Tuberculosis NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 19 Immunity Immunity NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 20 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 21 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 22 Host Host NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 23 - - HYPH cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 24 pathogen pathogen NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 25 interactions interaction NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 26 made make VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 27 transparent transparent JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 28 with with IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 29 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 30 zebrafish zebrafish NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 31 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 32 Zebrafish Zebrafish NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 33 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 34 a a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 35 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 36 for for IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 37 infectious infectious JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 38 disease disease NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 39 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 40 immune immune JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 89 41 function function NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 90 1 A a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 90 2 star star NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 90 3 with with IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 90 4 stripes stripe NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 90 5 : : : cord-313279-15wii9nn 90 6 zebrafish zebrafish NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 90 7 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 90 8 an an DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 90 9 infection infection NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 90 10 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 91 1 NADPH NADPH NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 91 2 oxidase oxidase NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 91 3 - - HYPH cord-313279-15wii9nn 91 4 driven drive VBN cord-313279-15wii9nn 91 5 phagocyte phagocyte NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 91 6 recruitment recruitment NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 91 7 controls control VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 91 8 Candida Candida NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 91 9 albicans albican NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 91 10 filamentous filamentous JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 91 11 growth growth NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 91 12 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 91 13 prevents prevent VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 91 14 mortality mortality NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 92 1 The the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 92 2 avian avian JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 92 3 chorioallantoic chorioallantoic NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 92 4 membrane membrane NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 92 5 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 92 6 ovo ovo NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 92 7 - - : cord-313279-15wii9nn 92 8 a a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 92 9 useful useful JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 92 10 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 92 11 for for IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 92 12 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 92 13 invasion invasion NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 1 assays assay NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 2 Amoeba Amoeba NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 3 provide provide VBP cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 4 insight insight NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 5 into into IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 6 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 7 origin origin NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 8 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 9 virulence virulence NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 10 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 11 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 12 fungi fungus NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 13 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 14 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 15 complex complex JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 16 mycobacteria mycobacterium NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 17 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 18 amoeba amoeba NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 19 - - HYPH cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 20 resistant resistant JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 21 organisms organism NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 22 Microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 23 resistant resistant JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 24 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 25 freeliving freelive VBG cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 26 amoebae amoebae NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 27 Caenorhabditis Caenorhabditis NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 28 elegans elegan NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 29 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 30 a a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 31 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 32 organism organism NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 33 for for IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 34 investigating investigate VBG cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 35 immunity immunity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 36 Evolution evolution NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 37 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 38 host host NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 39 innate innate JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 40 defence defence NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 93 41 : : : cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 1 insights insight NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 2 from from IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 3 Caenorhabditis Caenorhabditis NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 4 elegans elegan NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 5 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 6 primitive primitive JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 7 invertebrates invertebrate NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 8 elegans elegan NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 9 : : : cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 10 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 11 host host NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 12 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 13 tool tool NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 14 for for IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 15 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 16 drug drug NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 17 discovery discovery NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 18 Of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 19 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 20 hosts host NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 21 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 22 man man NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 23 : : : cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 24 using use VBG cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 25 Caenorhabditis Caenorhabditis NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 26 elegans elegan NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 27 , , , cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 28 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 29 melanogaster melanogaster NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 30 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 31 Galleria Galleria NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 32 mellonella mellonella NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 33 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 34 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 35 hosts host NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 36 for for IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 37 infectious infectious JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 38 disease disease NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 39 research research NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 40 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 41 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 42 a a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 43 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 44 system system NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 45 to to TO cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 46 unravel unravel VB cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 47 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 48 layers layer NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 49 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 50 innate innate JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 51 immunity immunity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 52 to to IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 94 53 infection infection NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 1 The the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 2 dorsoventral dorsoventral JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 3 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 4 gene gene NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 5 cassette cassette NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 6 spätzle spätzle NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 7 / / SYM cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 8 Toll toll NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 9 / / SYM cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 10 cactus cactus NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 11 controls control VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 12 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 13 potent potent JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 14 antifungal antifungal JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 15 response response NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 16 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 17 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 18 adults adult NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 19 Genetics genetic NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 20 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 21 immune immune JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 22 recognition recognition NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 23 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 24 response response NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 25 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 26 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 27 host host NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 28 defense defense NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 29 Development Development NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 30 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 31 an an DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 32 insect insect NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 33 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 34 for for IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 35 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 36 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 37 vivo vivo FW cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 38 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 39 testing testing NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 40 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 41 yeasts yeast NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 42 Galleria Galleria NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 43 mellonella mellonella NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 44 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 45 a a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 46 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 47 system system NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 48 for for IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 49 studying study VBG cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 50 Listeria Listeria NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 51 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 52 Galleria Galleria NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 53 mellonella mellonella NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 54 larvae larvae VBZ cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 55 as as IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 56 an an DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 57 infection infection NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 58 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 59 for for IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 60 group group NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 61 A a DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 62 streptococcus streptococcus NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 63 Brain Brain NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 64 infection infection NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 65 and and CC cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 66 activation activation NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 67 of of IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 68 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 69 repair repair NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 70 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 71 by by IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 72 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 73 human human JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 74 pathogen pathogen NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 75 Listeria Listeria NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 76 monocytogenes monocytogene NNS cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 77 in in IN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 78 the the DT cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 79 lepidopteran lepidopteran JJ cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 80 model model NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 81 host host NN cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 82 Galleria Galleria NNP cord-313279-15wii9nn 95 83 mellonella mellonella NNP