cord-002774-tpqsjjet	2017	Results: The CHIP Framework The CHIP framework aims to improve the health and wellness of the urban communities served by St. Josephs Health Centre through four intersecting pillars: • Raising Community Voices provides an infrastructure and process that supports community stakeholder input into health care service planning, decision-making, and delivery by the hospital and across the continuum of care; • Sharing Reciprocal Capacity promotes healthy communities through the sharing of our intellectual and physical capacity with our community partners; • Cultivating Integration Initiatives facilitates vertical, horizontal, and intersectoral integration initiatives in support of community-identified needs and gaps; and • Facilitating Healthy Exchange develops best practices in community integration through community-based research, and facilitates community voice in informing public policy.
cord-007366-1biitdl8	2008	
cord-015944-6srvtmbn	2008	Consequently, understanding policy issues involving bioterrorism -to mention nothing of terrorist events themselves -requires knowledge of biological mechanisms, an appreciation of clinical decision-making in medicine, and a sense of how to conceptualize and evaluate relative risks. In the 110 days after the first case, the Office of Communications at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the government agency coordinating the public health response to the attacks, conducted 23 press briefings and 306 television interviews, wrote 44 press releases, and took 7737 calls from the news media [2] . The media and public were interested in what the response to the event seemed to say about state decision making and readiness to address emergencies in general [26] .'''' If a journalist doesn''t really understand the medical, statistical, and biological substance of a disease outbreak, he can at least appear to be knowledgeable about the interaction of individuals and agencies, and how events are believed to be changing their power and image.
cord-016197-y69wwy40	2005	The discovery, development, and appropriate use of new agents is a key theme in the major antibacterial strategies and policies to combat resistance which have been reviewed by Carbon et al. • surveillance of resistance and antibacterial usage • optimizing antibiotic use (reduce inappropriate use), guidelines, and policies • education of professionals and patients into judicious/prudent use • prevention through infection control, interventions, immunization • focused development of new agents, diagnostics, and strategies • regulatory/label guidance, prescribing, and advert restriction • audit of evaluation of intervention and compliance. This, accompanied by parallel activities to monitor and understand resistance (such as its consequences and relationship to antibiotic use), improve infection control, and development of new agents (antibacterials and vaccines) and therapeutic approaches, is hoped to provide a sustainable solution in combating bacterial infection.
cord-016826-oatjcmy0	2005	
cord-017351-73hlwwdh	2017	The literature on crisis and disaster research suggests that we are at another important historical juncture with the emergence of a new distinctive class of disasters and crises not often seen before (Ansell, Boin, & Keller, 2010; Helsloot, Boin, Jacobs, & Comfort, 2012; Tierney, 2014) . In short, societies have continually evolved groups and procedures to try to prevent old and new risks and threats from escalating into disasters and crises. To answer this question, we considered what social science studies and reports had found about behavior in disasters and crises up to the present time. To suggest the importance of cross-societal and cross-cultural differences is simply to suggest that good social science research needs to take differences into account while at the same time searching for universal principles about disasters and crises. There are always new or emergent groups at times of major disasters and crises, but in transboundary events they appear at a much higher rate.
cord-018026-n5gk1xhb	2008	
cord-019019-2f7fep6a	2014	
cord-020778-4jslid14	2007	The aim of this review is to provide an overview on the central role of natural products in the discovery and development of new antiviral drugs by displaying 340 structures of plant, marine and microbial origin that show promising in vitro antiviral activity. I n orde r t o comba t viruse s whic h have devastatin g effect s o n humans , animals , insects , cro p plants , fung i and bacteria, many research efforts hav e been devoted for the discovery of new antiviral natural products. Many marine-derived peptides, alkaloids, proteins, nucleosides and other A^-containing compound s were show n to be active agains t severa l vira l species.
cord-020941-1qwbkg9o	2007	
cord-021897-yeih3tfo	2011	• tourism is a discretionary activity (people are not required to undertake it as a basic need to survive, unlike consuming food and water) • tourism is of growing economic significance at a global scale, with growth rates in excess of the rate of economic growth for many countries • many governments see tourism as offering new employment opportunities in a growing sector that is focused on service industries and may assist in developing and modernizing the economy • tourism is increasingly becoming associated with quality of life issues as it offers people the opportunity to take a break away from the complexities and stresses of everyday life and work -it provides the context for rest, relaxation and an opportunity to do something different • tourism is becoming seen as a basic right in the developed, Westernized industrialized countries and it is enshrined in legislation regarding holiday entitlement -the result is many people associate holiday entitlement with the right to travel on holiday • in some less developed countries, tourism is being advocated as a possible solution to poverty (described as ''pro-poor'' tourism) • holidays are a defining feature of non-work for many workers • global travel is becoming more accessible in the developed world for all classes of people with the rise of low-cost airlines and cut-price travel fuelling a new wave of demand for tourism in the new millennium.
cord-022891-vgfv5pi4	2000	
cord-023128-l0jzpxi0	2013	Outstanding constant features have marked our reflections on the notion of crisis since the end of the 1970s: the vigorous calling for the absolute necessity of a solid theorization so that crisis study could be recognized as a genuine science; frustration due to the extreme difficulty encountered in satisfying conventional demands to secure a grading of academic excellence; hesitation between the addition of case studies, giving way to ever more data, but poor additive knowledge and an extraordinarily difficult theorization, impossible indeed within the usual and normative codes.The whole leading to a contrasted situation made up of undeniable advances in the building of a reference body and in case-study publication, but with repeated calls for a better theorization capable of observing the canons of a noble discipline, well recognized by the scientific world.
cord-023593-lli9qpjz	2020	
cord-024088-020rgz5t	2008	Depending on the type of hazard, the three topics, namely, safety, health and the environment, may share the common trait that the proper handling of risks, i.e., how to reduce probabilities and/or consequences of unwanted events is not always possible within a risk management system. A number of new occupational health and safety hazards have already arisen or are foreseen, including problems with the ergonomics of video display units, and musculoskeletal disorders in shoulder-neck and arm-hand systems, information overload, psychological stress, and pressure to learn new skills. Both managers and workers often do not see the need to improve occupational safety and health or ergonomic issues and their possibilities and benefits by reducing or eliminating risks at work. The explanations below present the basic procedure for developing safety-relevant arrangements and solutions, i.e. the thinking and decision-making processes, as well as selecting criteria that are significant for the identification of unwelcome events, the risk of an event, the acceptance limits and the adoption of measures.
cord-025374-504mfiie	2020	
cord-031849-bo1ui5zh	2020	
cord-034283-65j64yq1	2020	
cord-034471-enmtckpe	2020	
cord-034634-7jo3y89b	2020	
cord-076084-kswby0it	2008	
cord-104491-uu2rbtem	2020	
cord-151871-228t4ymc	2020	
cord-153150-rep51ly9	2020	We explore the modes of variation of the data through a functional principal component analysis (FPCA), and study the canonical correlation between confirmed and death cases. Lastly, we consider a functional time series model fitted to the cumulative confirmed cases in the US, and make forecasts based on the dynamic FPCA. To begin with, we plot the fitted mean curve (which estimates the trend over time), the fitted variance curve (which estimates the subject-specific variation) and the fitted covariance surface of daily confirmed cases across 50 continental states in Figure 3 . Prior to estimating the functional canonical correlation between confirmed cases and death tolls in the US, some additional pre-processing procedures to the data are necessary, as we observe that the date on which the first confirmed case is reported varies significantly across the states, and the number of death counts stays relatively low during the entire study period in several states.
cord-181220-gr29zq1o	2020	
cord-236070-yao5v598	2020	
cord-247554-535cpe5x	2020	Data driven analysis of epidemiological, economic, public health, and governmental intervention variables was performed in order to select the optimal variables in explaining new Covid-19 cases across all countries in time. To that end methods that can account for both spatial and temporal autocorrelation [17] in the data of new Covid-19 cases but can quantify the effect of each epidemiological, economic, public health, and governmental intervention are key to our understanding of how the disease spreads in populations worldwide [18, 19] . Hierarchical Variance Partitioning (HVP) statistical modelling was implemented to account for the contribution of each data driven epidemiological, economic, public health, and governmental intervention explanatory variable to the total variance of new Covid-19 per million cases [29, 30] . Results from variance partitioning of the data-driven selected 9 epidemiological, public health, economic, and governmental intervention variables explaining Covid-19 new cases per million across countries through time, indicated that the vast majority of new cases per million are explained by the number of tests conducted.
cord-252155-8xgpvxax	2020	While students and residents may be introduced to the concept of emergency preparedness in pharmacy school and throughout residency, nothing can fully prepare a new practitioner for the experience of being involved in management of a crisis such as the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. 2 Additionally, recent publications regarding the pharmacy profession''s response to the COVID-19 crisis are often generalized to pharmacists at various stages of their careers, 3 and there are limited resources that emphasize the role of the new practitioner in emergency preparedness. While the pharmacy operations team works to establish a new normal and find new ways to tackle the unprecedented challenges posed by a pandemic situation, the clinical pharmacists must also adjust their practices to meet patient care demands, including practices to ensure safe and effective medication use. A new practitioner can help prepare the clinician teams for this scenario by providing education, clinical pearls, and treatment algorithms to pediatric pharmacists, nurses, medical residents, hospitalists, and intensivists.
cord-252768-ltp7iv1z	2005	METHODS: The model in the "FluAid" software (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, Atlanta) was applied to the New Zealand primary care medical workforce (i.e., general practitioners). CONCLUSION: Preparedness planning for future influenza pandemics must consider the impact on this medical workforce and incorporate strategies to minimise this impact, including infection control measures, well-designed protocols, and improved health sector surge capacity. Preparedness planning for future influenza pandemics must consider the impact on this medical workforce and incorporate strategies to minimise this impact, including infection control measures, well-designed protocols, and improved health sector surge capacity. We estimated for the impact of pandemic influenza on the primary care medical workforce (i.e., general practitioners) for a single country -New Zealand. The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have developed a relatively simple deterministic model, "FluAid" (on freely available software), for analysing the impact of future influenza pandemics [7] .
cord-256056-d771df30	2020	
cord-256537-axbyav1m	2016	
cord-259560-mmz5vn0q	2020	We also hypothesised that the difference in time to diagnosis between New-NICE and Old-NICE groups would reduce over time, as evidence on vague cancer features emerged and was translated into practice by guidance revision [2, 15] . This serial, cross-sectional, primary-care study used UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD GOLD) with linked National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service (NCRAS, Set 15) data. Semiparametric varying-coefficient analyses were limited to cancer sites with participant numbers providing ≥90 % power at the 5 % level to detect a 14-day difference in diagnostic interval between New-NICE and Old-NICE groups. Median diagnostic intervals were longer for New-NICE than for Old-NICE participants for colorectal (70 vs 51 days), oesophageal (77 vs 55 days), and lung (139⋅5 vs 124 days) cancers; however, this difference tended to decrease or disappear over time (Fig. 3) .
cord-260248-yp8x5zwi	2020	
cord-261308-93o83z1v	2020	
cord-263300-qfquedya	2020	
cord-263550-wjdmzmdg	2020	This study analyzed the association between COVID-19 and climate indicators in New York City, USA. The climate indicators included in the study are average temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, rainfall, average humidity, wind speed, and air quality. • The study examines the impact of climate indicators on COVID-19 epidemic in New York City. Our findings estimate that minimum temperature and average temperature are correlated with the spread of COVID-19 in New York city. Humidity is another contributor for the spread of COVID-19 as it contributed in the rapid transmission within New York City and empirical estimations of this study will be useful in the outcome of efforts to suppress COVID-19. Other meteorological indicators such as wind speed, air quality, and humidity also affect the spread of infectious diseases. This study finds that average temperature, minimum temperature, and air quality are significant correlated with COVID-19 pandemic and will be useful in suppressing COVID-19.
cord-265682-yac7kzaf	2020	
cord-266523-qd5asgg8	2020	
cord-269467-8opv4t7p	2020	The mortality rates of vulnerable and minority populations alone suggest a need to re-evaluate clinical decision making protocols, especially given the recently passed Emergency or Disaster Treatment Protection Act, which grants healthcare institutions full immunity from liability stemming from resource allocation/triage decisions. Disability Rights New York, an advocacy group for persons with disabilities in New York State, has previously filed a complaint against the New York Department of Health for its 2015 ventilator triage policy, which failed to specify that allocation decisions ought exclude disability. The Act grants healthcare workers, including physicians, administrators and hospital managers, immunity from criminal and civil liability for harms and damages resulting from the COVID-19 crisis. Crisis standards of patient care guidance with an emphasis on pandemic influenza: triage and ventilator allocation guideline Crisis standards of care: guidance for the ethical allocation of scarce resources during a community-wide public health emergency
cord-271863-apb8l8tq	2011	
cord-272585-346ef6qy	2020	title: Addressing a National Crisis: The Spine Hospital and Department''s Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City As peak infections spread across the United States, we hope this article will serve as a resource for other spine departments on how to manage patient care and healthcare worker deployment during the COVID-19 crisis. Our institution has been on the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic, as we treated "patient zero" in New York City, who presented to our Emergency Department (ED) on February 28 th . Published data by healthcare providers in Asia and Europe demonstrated that the most substantial threat to COVID-19 patient morbidity and mortality was the lack of adequate critical care resources including intensive care unit (ICU) beds and respiratory support [8] [9] . It is vital to note that although redeployment was an important initiative to our department during this time of crisis, our primary concern was to maintain an adequate workforce to meet all orthopaedic surgical demands at our institution.
cord-273824-qybrotg8	2020	Drawing on a case study of curated micaceous pottery at a Hispanic diaspora site in east-central New Mexico, this article argues that investigation of heirloom pottery can offer insights into the functional, familial, and cultural significance of these beloved things. Six percent of the fragments derive from micaceous earthenware cooking pots that were produced, traded, and used by Hispanic and Native American women in northern New Mexico, especially during the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (Cowell 2018) . The first generations of Hispanic women who settled Los Ojitos from the late 1860s onward likely brought pots from the last generation of traditionally produced and traded micaceous ceramics from northern New Mexico. Micaceous ceramic vessels at Los Ojitos, as part of the last generation of pots produced and traded through traditional means in northern New Mexico, represent material traces of the Hispanic homeland as it changed under the American regime.
cord-275772-pmf6stua	2020	Drug repositioning lies in repurposing an active pharmaceutical ingredient that is already on the market for a new indication. This original definition of drug repositioning has since been extended to include active substances that failed the clinical phase of their development on account of their toxicity or insufficient efficacy, as well as drugs withdrawn from the market because of safety concerns. Instead, repositioning makes use in a new indication of either the biological properties for which the drug has already been approved (possibly according to a different formulation, at a new dose or via a new route of administration), or the side properties of a drug that are responsible for its adverse effects. This example illustrates how even drugs with an exceptionally poor toxicity profile can be repositioned if the new indication is a rare disease (the estimated incidence of leprosy is 250 000 cases per year according to http://www.orpha.net, accessed November, 21th 2019). Drug repositioning: identifying and developing new uses for existing drugs
cord-276108-35rsrx3m	2004	
cord-276419-q4tjbwui	2020	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data from COVID-19 antibody tests in patients undergoing routine screening for other purposes (eg, cholesterol testing) at 6 sites around the country indicate that estimates based on seroprevalence and catchment-area populations far outstrip the known cases. New York University Langone-Brooklyn is a Level I trauma center, Dr. Sterling noted, and "we saw a number of people coming in with falls-no other symptoms whatsoever-and then because we had the capacity at some point to test everyone coming into the hospital, we started seeing a lot of people [for whom] that was their presenting symptom for COVID." These patients did not have fevers and upper respiratory infections that were missed on the initial history, she noted; "It really was ''I was fine and then just fell.''"
cord-276766-hs4sodyt	2020	Greetings, Dear Readers, from shelter-in-place COVID-land, a very different place from where we all were (literally, and figuratively) when I wrote my last editorial on Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology (PAG) in the time of a pandemic. I am eager to institute some of the elements of enhanced recovery after surgery that are described in this issue of the Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology (JPAG). 4 Our patients are still experiencing the usual PAG concerns that are also addressed in this issue: symptomatic labial adhesions, 5 prepubertal vaginal bleeding, 6 chronic pelvic pain, 7 sexually transmitted infections, 8 issues related to contraception and induced abortion, [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] adnexal masses, 15,16 differences of sex development, 17 and Müllerian anomalies, 18, 19 among many other problems. The NASPAG Position Statement, published in this issue, highlights the ongoing reproductive health needs of adolescents during a pandemic, including the need for contraception and confidential healthcare, even when using telehealth platforms.
cord-277307-wabruzfs	2020	In San Francisco, we validated a qRT-PCR test to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection from nasopharyngeal swab samples based on the EUA (Emergency Use Authorization)approved US CDC assay 3 . Those who did not have a recent travel history, a close contact who was COVID-19 positive, or were not a frontline healthcare worker were categorized as community transmission with an unknown source of infection and comprised 39% of cases. Viruses in the G clade comprise most of the genomes sequenced from patients in Europe 8, 9 , but notably have also been identified in the vast majority of cases associated with the New York SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in March to April of 2020, which occurred after the timeline of this study 11, 12 Viruses from two additional travel-associated cases from Europe (UC43) and New York (UC41) were mapped to other clades circulating in Europe (Figure 2) . Sequencing identifies multiple, early introductions of SARS-CoV2 to New York City Region
cord-278025-x8fcib29	2007	Of 60 stoats examined, 63% exhibited inflammation of the lung, mostly occurring as local or diffuse interstitial pneumonia, 30% showed signs of inflammatory liver disease and 14% were positive for antibodies reactive with feline calicivirus. McDonald and Larivière (2001) provided a comprehensive review of the diseases and pathogens of stoats and other mustelids, generally in their native range, but with particular reference to the control of invasive stoats in New Zealand. In common with the British samples, no lesions of the brain were observed that would have been consistent with infection by distemper virus, though this can not be taken as evidence of the absence of this disease and three individuals in this study were seropositive for morbillivirus, which is comparable to a recent finding of two seropositive animals from a sample of 32 stoats sampled in Canterbury, New Zealand (T.
cord-280158-3fhhuzg5	2020	
cord-282404-e8md9ein	2020	1 However, a looming crisis of Māori (Indigenous peoples of New Zealand) health and equity appeared to have had little attention from decisionmakers should our elimination strategy fail. There is major concern among those working in Māori health about the disproportionately negative impact a COVID-19 pandemic is likely to have on Māori communities in the event of widespread illness (www.uruta. 44 In addition, institutionalised racism impacts Māori health and inequities through the underlying values and structuring of our health system, 45 Figure 2 : Age-specific rates of (for example) congestive heart failure (left) and chronic pulmonary disease (right), for Māori and European ethnic groups. In addition, real-time modelling, monitoring and rapid analysis of data using high quality ethnicity data underpinned by principles of Indigenous Data Sovereignty, 53 is required across multiple levels including case numbers and rates, transmission, severity and access to and quality of care (including the performance of public health responses), to inform and assess intervention strategies for Māori.
cord-282721-bxg9zqyu	2020	
cord-284602-ytjctt55	2020	The purpose of this Commentary is to assess whether the designation by New York State Department of Health of "sexual and reproductive health services as essential" is consonant with the seemingly divergent objectives of providing patient-centered care and advancing national public health objectives in the resource-constrained setting of a global pandemic. In addition, the New York Department of Health took care to emphasize that the "ultimate decision on when such services must occur is between a patient and clinical provider." It is the purpose of this article to assess whether the designation of "sexual and reproductive health services as essential" is consonant with the seemingly divergent objectives of providing patient-centered care and advancing national public health objectives in the resource-constrained setting of a global pandemic.
cord-285367-jxlt0gby	2008	
cord-285613-hbd44euq	2009	
cord-285667-etw0dx1i	2014	
cord-286769-c05km13w	2020	
cord-287304-h6wj7m8u	2007	While there has been much attention in recent years on the significance of global city regions in the new world economy (Brenner and Keil 2006) and while the governance and regulation of these regions has captured the imagination of academics and policymakers alike (Buck et al 2005; Harding 2005; Heinelt and Kübler 2005; Kantor and Savitch 2005; Scott 2001) , little has been said specifically about the growing pressures posed by the potential threat of infectious disease through the global network on urban governance. 2 For the area of urban planning and governance a more or less critical literature has begun to explore the spaces that cities have to maneuver in the rather open field of infectious disease preparedness planning and public health since the onset of the "new normal" after the attacks of 9/11 Malizia 2006; Matthew and Macdonald 2006) .
cord-290719-ab71pz6v	2020	title: Estimating the probability of New Zealand regions being free from COVID-19 using a stochastic SEIR model This report describes a method for estimating the probability that there are no infected or pre-symptomatic individuals in a populations on a basis of historical data describing the number of cases in consecutive days. This report presents a method for estimating such a probability on the basis of a simple model and presents results for individual District Health Boards (DHB) in New Zealand. • Since the Ministry of Health reports daily numbers of new cases in each DHB, the model treats each DHB as a separate population, thus assuming that individuals do not move between DHB (following government instructions not to travel). On the basis of data on the number of cases in New Zealand in the period from 25 March to 18 April 2020, we estimated parameters of the model as β = 0.26, γ = 0.42.
cord-293174-4ucqudn4	2020	To increase public awareness of exposure risks in daily activities, we propose a birthday-paradox-based probability model to implement in a web-based system, named COSRE (community social risk estimator) and make in-time community exposure risk estimation during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We define exposure risk to mean the probability of people meeting potential cases in public places such as grocery stores, gyms, libraries, restaurants, coffee shops, offices, etc. The correlation experiment with the new cases in the next two weeks shows that the risk estimation model offers promise in assisting people to be more precise about their personal safety and control of daily routine and social interaction. been done for the COVID-19 disease, as an ongoing pandemic few tools are available to evaluate the real-94 time social exposure risks. Model derived risks are 447 generated based on the real-time potential COVID-19 cases, the population in local communities, and the 448 number of people number in a given venue.
cord-293854-p1hym9o0	2020	title: COVID-19 Outcomes among People with Intellectual and Developmental Disability Living in Residential Group Homes in New York State Analysis describes COVID-19 case rates, case-fatality, and mortality among people with IDD living in residential group homes and New York State through May 28, 2020. Our expectation is that COVID-19 case rates, case-fatality, and mortality rates will be higher for people with IDD living in residential group homes than for the general population in New York We then report and describe point estimates for all COVID-19 rates with 95% confidence intervals among people with IDD living in residential group homes, hereafter referred to as people with IDD, and the general population of New York 11, 12 While the results from our study are informative, in order to have a complete picture of the possible differential effects of COVID-19 on people with IDD living in residential group homes, it is important to be able to analyze data for all individuals receiving services within each state and across the US.
cord-294559-u0r7oh9z	2019	title: A new immunochromatographic assay for on-site detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus based on monoclonal antibodies prepared by using cell surface fluorescence immunosorbent assay For rapid detection of PEDV, a new immunochromatographic assay (ICA) based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was developed in this study. To compare its accuracy to other traditional detection methods, 27 swine stool samples from south of China were investigated with the new developed ICA, commercial strip and RT-PCR. Relying on signals emitted from gold nanoparticles labeled mAb (AuNPs-mAb), a new ICA was developed for sensitive, specific and on-site detection of PEDV in swine stool in China. They were capture and detection mAb, the size of gold nanoparticles, the type of sample pad, the type of conjugate pad, the type of Nitrocellulose membrane, the type of absorbent pad, the amount of tween-20 addition and the spray volume of AuNPs-mAb. The optimization methods are shown in the supplemental materials.
cord-295160-q6ninzd2	2017	It is concluded that while housing, infrastructure and facility were the main elements in NTs, employment, vibrancy and environment were suggested to be the new compulsory elements in NDAs integrated to the traditional planning concepts. It is suggested to ensure the development of NDA, the proposed development plan should be persuasive to provide the optimal land use distribution as a trade-off among the profits of developers, the interests of local villager, government concern and the provision of land for future residents. Firstly, smaller scope in less than one fourth of the existing new towns such as Tuen Mun and Sha Tin; secondly, land supply for various uses such as housing, employment, high value-added and non-polluting industries; and thirdly, provision of quality living space and convenience to both residents and users. New town development is the dominant land supply approach in the urban fringe of Hong Kong in 20 th century, which contributed considerably to economic development and the housing, infrastructure and facilities provision for the increased population.
cord-297129-vpg1sfsk	2020	By mid-March, the responsibility fell on academic staff to actively repurpose and redeploy resources, upskill their digital competencies, and develop new material to transition traditionally face-to-face (F2F) and blended programs to a remote learning and/or online education delivery mode (Johnston, 2020) . A reflection from one Australian colleague highlights the increased workload: "Online teaching extends the working day and the working week (to now include weekend work); the volume of email has increased exponentially." Almost all academic anatomists reported that anatomy education is likely to change permanently given the scale of change during the pandemic, with some concerned that this change will call into question traditional laboratory-based approaches, in favor of modern (now trialed) online and remote learning approaches (Table 1) .
cord-297993-eqpx3dnq	2020	The next three articles-"Water Theft Through the Ages: Insights for Green Criminology," by Alexander Baird and Reece Walters (2020) , "Big Fish, Small Pond: NGO-Corporate Partnerships and Corruption of the Environmental Certification Process in Tasmanian Aquaculture," by Paul Bleakley (2020) , and "Tapping into Environmental Harm in Brewing: An Exploration of Pollution and Waste in Beer Production," by Travis Milburn and Favian Guertin-Martin (2020)-center on issues of water and wastewater. From here, we turn to three articles dealing with intensive land use(s): "Seismic Risks: a Criminological Analysis of European Investment Bank Support for the Castor Project," by Daniel Beizsley (2020) , "Farming Intensification and Environmental Justice in Northern Ireland," by Ekaterina Gladkova (2020) , and "Waste Crime and the Global Transference of Hazardous Substances: A Southern Green Perspective," by Reece Walters and Maria Angeles Fuentes Loureiro (2020).
cord-298184-4o5ffk7y	2020	
cord-298626-duvzwxv0	2020	The model is developed on the basis of collected epidemiological data of Covid19 pandemic, which shows that the daily growth rate of new infections has tendency to decrease linearly when the quarantine is imposed in a country (or a region) until it reaches a constant value, which corresponds to the effectiveness of quarantine measures taken in the country. We propose to build epidemic analysis and model on the dynamics of rate of new infection cases as more reliable epidemiological data together with an assumption of effectiveness to isolate registered infectious during imposed quarantine. In order to predict Covid-19 disease spread in infected country or region with imposed quarantine, a model of the growth rate of new cases needs to be developed.
cord-299699-9uiv3n41	2020	
cord-303165-ikepr2p2	2014	It also demands special attention through health promotion activities of all kinds at national and local societal levels to provide access for groups with special risks and needs to medical and community health care with the currently available and newly developing knowledge and technologies. 5. Environmental, biological, occupational, social, and economic factors that endanger health and human life, addressing: (a) physical and mental illness, diseases and infirmity, trauma and injuries (b) local and global sanitation and environmental ecology (c) healthful nutrition and food security including availability, quality, safety, access, and affordability of food products (d) disasters, natural and human-made, including war, terrorism, and genocide (e) population groups at special risk and with specific health needs. It acts to improve health and social welfare, and to reduce specific determinants of diseases and risk factors that adversely affect the health, well-being, and productive capacities of an individual or society, setting targets based on the size of the problem but also the feasibility of successful intervention, in a cost-effective way.
cord-303759-5zvi2k0l	2020	
cord-304978-xfuwawlu	2020	
cord-305141-ri8dy54e	2019	Aims: To determine the seroprevalence of canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) in New Zealand dogs, and to explore associations with age, sex, breed, month, and geographical region of sampling and reported presence of clinical signs suggestive of respiratory disease. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine associations between seroprevalence of CRCoV and breed category, age, sex, sampling month, region, and reported health status of dogs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the epidemiology of CRCoV in a large sample of dogs in New Zealand, to explore the associations between seroprevalence for CRCoV and age, sex, breed, month, and geographical region of sampling, as well as the reported presence of clinical signs suggestive of respiratory disease. Independent variables included the dog-related variables of age (≤2, 3-6, 7-10, ≥11 years), sex (female/male), breed group (pet dogs, working dogs, non-descript dogs), health status (healthy/not healthy), and presence of respiratory signs (yes/no), as well as the samplingrelated variables of month of sampling (March to December 2014) and geographical region (Auckland, Hawkes Bay, Manawatu, Marlborough/Canterbury, Nelson/Tasman, Northland, Otago, Taranaki, Waikato, Wellington).
cord-305812-6bjdppvq	2020	
cord-307046-ko3bdvo0	2019	Complete genome sequences are now available for many of the archived isolates, allowing more accurate taxonomic assignments, analysis of their phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships with other viruses, and evaluation of the potential risks they may present to humans and wild or domestic animal populations. Scientists in these field laboratories were involved in the detection and investigation of human diseases in their respective geographic regions, surveying human and animal populations for serologic evidence of past viral infection, and searching for viruses in a wide variety of arthropods, mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians [2] . The family contains several serious human pathogens, including dengue, yellow fever, Zika, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, and tick-borne encephalitis viruses (all arboviruses in the genus Flavivirus) and the hepatitis C virus (a member of the genus Hepacivirus).
cord-307101-pom8nktx	2017	
cord-309333-lvcp8imi	2020	Here we build on prior epidemiological time use modeling (Bayham and Fenichel, 2016; Bayham et al., 2015; Berry et al., 2018) to adapt the common SEIR framework to a dynamic time use structure that enables differential behavior by health status in order to incorporate smartphone tracking data into a model of the COVID-19 epidemic for every county in the United States. In prior research, we developed an economic-epidemiological model based on a time-varying conditional proportional mixing structure (Fenichel, 2013; Fenichel et al., 2011) that enables physical distancing behavior to vary based on health state and respond to the state of the epidemic. Serological tests capable of identifying recovered and immune individuals (which are not yet available) are important, and the greatest benefits are in counties where getting recovered individuals back to baseline schedules reduces the greatest share of cases ( Figure 6 ) coupled with those counties likely to experience the greatest hardships from infection (Maher et al., 2020) .
cord-310165-xj025ruz	2020	
cord-311527-keso1oh0	2020	
cord-312618-rxg7sjd9	2020	We use location data from a large sample of smartphones to show that areas with more Republicans engaged in less social distancing, controlling for other factors including public policies, population density, and local COVID cases and deaths. We then present new survey evidence of significant gaps at the individual level between Republicans and Democrats in self-reported social distancing, beliefs about personal COVID risk, and beliefs about the future severity of the pandemic. To complement the data showing county-level differences in behavior, we use a nationally-representative survey to show that individual behavior and beliefs about social distancing are partisan. Appendix Figure A4 aggregates the number of POI visits at the electoral precinct level and shows similar partisan gaps, even when including county-time fixed effects. These measures are constructed as follows from the Daily Social Distancing SafeGraph data with observations at the census block group-day level for January 27 through July 12.
cord-314443-qeuvymu8	2020	Concomitantly, city and regional planning and design theories, concepts, regulations, and practices emerge historically in response to public health crises, including pandemics, pollution with rapid industrialization, congestion with urbanization, and loss of green space in cities. The holistic concept of the metropolitan region that highlights the functional links among urban and regional economies also reveals the strengths and limits of the urban system, and thereby informs the comprehensive city plan''s objectives of enhancing sustainability and resilience of the built and natural environments of climate change. The method of the approach and presentation of this paper is comparative by juxtaposing the pandemics of climate change and coronavirus, and through a historical and critical review and synthesis of the durable concepts of the urban system at the kernel of the theories and practices of urbanism expansively, from rooftop to the region, highlighted by place matters, cyberspace, density, access, and the city-region.
cord-315681-p3j8kt80	2020	To mitigate the spread of Covid-19, federal, state, and local officials have exercised broad powers available to them under public health statutes and emergency declarations to close businesses and restrict the movement of individuals outside their homes. A court asked to address whether a public health agency has acted reasonably and without abusing its discretion need not simply defer to the expertise of the agency without requiring that the agency to identify and explain the logic the agency deployed to reach its conclusion that quarantine was appropriate." 97 The same is true of officials charged with developing emergency communicable disease control guidelines that, while technically voluntary, are likely to be relied on to enforce involuntary-and highly intrusive-measures by state and local governments.
cord-317823-ztawznod	2020	Historical analysis of the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic during the second wave of infections that examined 43 cities in the United States demonstrated an association between earlier school closures and bans on public gatherings with lower mortality [5] . Therefore, we assessed the association between the timing of emergency declarations and school closures, two specific statewide distancing measures, and subsequent Covid-19 mortality. Second, because deaths per million is a common method to compare localities, we provide an analysis testing the association between deaths per million at the state level after multivariable adjustment relative to timing of emergency declarations or statewide school closures. States implementing emergency declarations or school closures later in the course of the pandemic experienced higher Covid-19 mortality, with each day of delay increasing mortality risk 5 to 6%.
cord-318004-r08k40ob	2017	
cord-318252-vv3qsq74	2020	Objectives: To evaluate the risk of a new wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a setting with ongoing low transmission, high mobility, and an effective test-and-trace system, under different assumptions about mask uptake. The dynamics of COVID-19 transmission are complex, and in low-transmission settings the probability of maintaining epidemic control depends on numerous factors outside of policy control, including the characteristics of people who get infected: the size of their households, the type of work that they do, and a number of other socio-economic factors that may influence their contact networks, access to testing and capacity to self-isolate. We use the model to investigate the probability of a setting with low transmission and high mobility experiencing a resurgence in cases, grounding the analysis based on the policy settings and epidemic state of New South Wales at the end of August.
cord-318672-4nkrh373	2020	Artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, big data and other new technologies are central to a growing number of on-going experiments, ranging from the tracking of greenhouse emissions to monitoring wildlife poaching and global supply chains, to transnational efforts to combat human trafficking, and manage the COVID-19 pandemic. Big data and blockchain technologies, for example, are increasingly instrumental to a growing range of ''multi-stakeholder'' arrangements between private forprofit firms and public bodies seeking, for instance, to protect working conditions or to trace and disclose greenhouse gas emissions and ''conflict minerals'' across global supply chains. The prominent roles of audit firms and private sector consultants in developing technological solutions to global sustainability governance challenges raise important issues. Policy making and broader public discussion over the integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, Big Data, and blockchain into global sustainability governance need to be far more socially and politically sensitive than is currently the case.
cord-320360-2qpcot6p	2020	
cord-321606-o0gfukzg	2020	
cord-321621-maym3iah	2020	
cord-322527-m1ig1hii	2020	In the following sections, I will describe four elements of institutional conversion that flow from the conversation between Lewis Rambo''s decades of research on religious conversion and what I was hearing as a pointed call for change in Adele''s "Send My Love To Your New Lover." I locate these insights in the realm of theological education, where I work, but imagine they could help illustrate similar dynamics in other areas of higher education and institutional life. Bringing Adele and Rambo into conversation, I distinguish four practices that could loosen institutional stuckness in order to motivate institutions who still want to keep moving through a decolonizing conversion process: (1) untangling initial inclusion from completed conversion, (2) truth-telling about desires not to convert, or resistances, (3) detangling toe-dipping from being in over our heads, and (4) (re)engaging a commissioning call and response in order to (re)commit to conversions in practice.
cord-322787-dbtc0bo3	2020	
cord-322802-id9jg6v4	2020	title: The COVID-19 pandemic in Greece, Iceland, New Zealand, and Singapore: Health Policies and Lessons Learned OBJECTIVE(S): This paper aims at providing an overview of the COVID-19 situation, health policies, and economic impact in Greece, Iceland, New Zealand, and Singapore. The countries Greece, Iceland, New Zealand and Singapore have been chosen due to their ability to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 at an early stage and, in the case of one, eliminate community transmission of SARS-CoV-2; their similar geographic nature as islands and peninsulas; and their economies which mainly rely on service producing industries. Daily data COVID-19 cases, deaths, recoveries As of the 9 th of August 2020, Greece, Iceland, New Zealand and Singapore had reported 20,440 laboratory confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 between them, accounting for 0.6% of the world''s confirmed cases [34] .
cord-322915-zrjx31ev	2009	Evidence of the importance of natural products in the discovery of leads for the development of drugs for the treatment of human diseases is provided by the fact that close to half of the best selling pharmaceuticals in 1991 were either natural products or their derivatives. In addition to the antibiotic-resistance problem, new families of anti-infective compounds are needed to enter the marketplace at regular intervals to tackle the new diseases caused by evolving pathogens. 28 Among the novel class of antimicrobial agents used in treating resistance to Gram-positive infections, we can also mention the cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic daptomycin produced by Streptomyces roseosporus. 44 Other applications include antitumor drugs, enzyme inhibitors, gastrointestinal motor stimulator agents, hypocholesterolemic drugs, ruminant growth stimulants, insecticides, herbicides, coccidiostats, antiparasitics vs coccidia, helminths and other pharmacological activities. Considering that animal health research and the development of new anti-infective product discovery have decreased, the discovery of new antibiotics has decreased over the past 15 years, with few new drug approvals.
cord-326029-oya0fc6d	2020	
cord-326672-0x2pe9qd	2020	
cord-332512-28utunid	2020	Model simulations, using data relevant to COVID-19 dynamics in the US states of New York and Washington, suggest that broad adoption of even relatively ineffective face masks may meaningfully reduce community transmission of COVID-19 and decrease peak hospitalizations and deaths. Moreover, mask use decreases the effective transmission rate in nearly linear proportion to the product of mask effectiveness (as a fraction of potentially infectious contacts blocked) and coverage rate (as a fraction of the general population), while the impact on epidemiologic outcomes (death, hospitalizations) is highly nonlinear, indicating masks could synergize with other non-pharmaceutical measures. In summary, the benefit to routine face mask use by the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic remains uncertain, but our initial mathematical modeling work suggests a possible strong potential benefit to near universal adoption of even weakly effective homemade masks that may synergize with, not replace, other control and mitigation measures.
cord-333277-prl8xbnm	2020	title: 21-Day Lockdown in India Dramatically Reduced Air Pollution Indices in Lucknow and New Delhi, India This lockdown impacted the pollution levels of environment and improved air and water quality in the short span owing to very less human activities. The present work scientifically analyzed the available data for primary air pollutants (PM(2.5), NO(2), SO(2) and CO) from two major Indian cities, Lucknow and New Delhi. 2020; Gautam 2020) .This article scientifically examines the impact of lockdown on air pollution indices in two major cities of India, New Delhi and Lucknow. Our present study used a comprehensive air quality data in two cities of India, Lucknow and New Delhi. After the implication of lockdown, the AQI was significantly changed and was found to be in the range of 46.64 to 93.11 which falls in Good (0-50 at Central School Fig. 4 Air Quality Index in Lucknow and Delhi city (Before and After Lockdown).
cord-335065-fv122304	2020	When we really read The Great Gatsby, we perceive and understand the American dimension of the novel and appreciate, too, the global range and relevance that in it Fitzgerald has achieved. Nick says about the very rich American Dreamer Gatsby: "He wanted nothing less of Daisy than that she should go to Tom and say: ''I never loved you''. Hendren observes: "It just speaks to this kind of question: To what extent are we a country where kids have a notion of the American dream?" (Bloomberg Business Week, March 20, 2019; see also John Jerrim and Lindsey Macmillan, "Income Inequality, Intergenerational Mobility, and the Great Gatsby Curve: Is Education the Key?," Social Forces, December 2015). For there is in The Great Gatsby a vision that exceeds money, inequality, and the American Dream. When we read The Great Gatsby, we inevitably think (as Fitzgerald wants us to) about the American Dream-what it was and is, and whether, if we are losing this Dream, we might restore it in this twenty-first century riven by income inequality.
cord-338666-gg9qcpmz	2020	The aims of these recommendations are to outline: (1) essential practical steps to approaching procedures, as well as outpatient and inpatient care of EP patients, with relevant examples, (2) successful strategies to minimize exposure risk to patients and clinical staff while also balancing resource utilization, (3) challenges related to redeployment and restructuring of clinical and support staff, and (4) considerations regarding continued collaboration with clinical and administrative colleagues to implement these changes. • Understand and appreciate the broader institutional picture, including the scope of the pandemic and its impact on the network • Discuss resource use and capacity • Discuss staff allocation, challenges, and illnesses • Troubleshoot daily clinical and administrative challenges • Provide and receive feedback in the setting of altered workflows • Convey that EP practices are relatively smaller compared with other services, and deployment needs of the hospital should be balanced with the need for availability of a core number of EP staff with specialized skills necessary to perform urgent/emergent EP procedures • Coordinate staffing changes regarding ill/exposed staff members from Workforce Health & Safety and Infection Prevention & Control departments.
cord-339855-oqe8rcbu	2020	The article also describes the benefits of writing a newspaper column including educating the public about issues relating to Crisis Management such as managing Covid-19, creating a platform for enhancing collaboration between academics and Public Relations firms, and enhancing the reputation of both the academic and university. In pitching the idea, I emphasized the success of the "Crisis of the Week" column in the Wall Street Journal, as well as the interest of major media outlets in New Zealand for commentary on topics related to Crisis Management. Academic experts in Crisis Management from most of the major universities in New Zealand have agreed to provide commentary for the column. In writing my column on Crisis Management, in addition to the benefits to academics and universities, I believe that the field of Public Relations can benefit as well through the potential for future increased collaboration between academics and practitioners.
cord-341416-6bh08901	2020	The World Health Organization developed the first quantitative RT-PCR test for detecting SARS-CoV-2 and subsequently the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began shipping its own RT-PCR test kits after receiving Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on February 4, 2020. To date there are more than 80 commercial laboratories and/or test kit manufacturers that have received approval for emergency use by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) for SARS-CoV-2 testing with molecular assays accounting for the vast majority [6] . In addition, the FDA recently granted EUA for an RT-PCR lab developed test for qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva specimens and a test that uses a home collection kit with nasal swabs [6] for details see https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparednessand-response/mcm-legal-regulatory-and-policy-framework/emergency-use-authorization]. During this time, termed the "window period," a patient who is infected with SARS-CoV-2, but has not yet produced antibodies, would test negative on such an assay.
cord-341434-2xrdv92m	2015	Etiology Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative nonmotile coccobacillus that causes pasteurellosis, also known as ''snuffles'', the primary respiratory disease affecting domestic rabbits (Deeb and DiGiacomo, 2000; Guo et al., 2012) . Research Complications Pasteurellosis can cause considerable economic losses (El Tayeb et al., 2004; Ferreira et al., 2012; Stahel et al., 2009 ) and has the potential to affect different types of research studies using rabbits due to the multisystemic nature of the disease, and the possibility of high morbidity and mortality. piliforme is a pleomorphic, Gramnegative, spore-forming, motile, obligate intracellular rod-shaped bacterium that causes Tyzzer''s disease and infects various animals including mice, nonhuman primates, gerbils, rats, rabbits, and others (Allen et al., 1965; Ganaway et al., 1971; Pritt et al., 2010) . Research Complications EPEC infection can cause high morbidity and mortality in laboratory rabbit colonies and can affect studies involving intestinal physiology in rabbits.
cord-341693-y7xpvwol	2020	By assessing the New Zealand bioeconomy against a set of six structural elements (Renewable resources; Knowledge, innovation & technology; Finance and governance; Research & development; Private and public expectations; Processes, products & services) strengths and weaknesses present in enabling bioeconomic transformation have been highlighted [6] . First, the returns from agricultural production are low compared to international profits ([31] [32] ); secondly, the environmental cost of production is reaching a point by which it is clear that changes to the current intensification norm are needed [33] ; thirdly, New Zealand''s siloed primary sector economy and market dominance of large well-established corporates provides inertia to sectoral transformation; fourthly, some recent efforts to build and grow the bioeconomy have been met with social and market resistance; and finally, New Zealand is currently lacking governance and financial enablers to provide effective transition [6] .
cord-342291-imn7g084	2020	Indeed, the HA of the newly discovered Old World bat H9N2 virus binds to α2,3-sialic In contrast, the internal gene segments of the bat-derived IAVs form two outgroups that are located at a more basal position. Conventional IAVs and the bat H9N2 virus possess the surface glycoprotein neuraminidase (NA), which removes sialic acid residues from infected cells to facilitate the release of newly formed viral particles (Fig 2A) . The amazing ability of H18 to rapidly overcome the absence of a functional N11 suggests that the structure of H18 (and possibly H17) may provide a broader scope of evolutionary flexibility than that of conventional sialic acid-dependent IAVs. It is therefore tempting to speculate that bat IAV HA proteins, and in particular H18, might have the potential to adapt to novel and so far unknown entry receptors different from MHC-II (Fig 2D) .
cord-342340-q6j7vy8u	2020	METHODS: We did a descriptive epidemiological study of all laboratory-confirmed and probable cases of COVID-19 and all patients tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in New Zealand from Feb 2 to May 13, 2020, after which time community transmission ceased. Demographic features and disease outcomes, transmission patterns (source of infection, outbreaks, household transmission), time-to-event intervals, and testing coverage were described over five phases of the response, capturing different levels of non-pharmaceutical interventions. This descriptive epidemiological study examined a cohort of all confirmed and probable COVID-19 cases and all people tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection in New Zealand up to May 13, 2020 , which marked the easing of the most restrictive non-pharmaceutical interventions, after which community transmission ceased.
cord-344713-jisp238l	2020	Our results show that children born in states with more reported polio cases had lower educational attainment compared to slightly older birth cohorts who would have already completed schooling before the 1916-1917 school year and that the decline in educational attainment varied depending on their age during the outbreak. To test whether the epidemic influenced the educational attainment of exposed cohorts, we match a sample of white males born between 1895 and 1916 with the 1916 polio morbidity rate in their state of birth, and the years of education they report having in the 1940 US Census (Ruggles et al. 25 Results reported in Table 7 show that including the influenza death rate and its interactions with age groups does not affect our finding that children of legal working age in states with greater numbers of polio cases had less educational attainment.
cord-345617-bropr0dy	2010	Annual variation in chick survival and nest success may have the largest impact on LPCH population growth rates (Hagen 2003) , as had been documented for greater prairie-chickens (T. Lesser prairiechickens in New Mexico and Oklahoma moved considerable distances in years of drought, but prenesting, nesting, and postnesting ranges of females had patterns similar to those of Colorado and Kansas, although they were slightly smaller (Copelin 1963 , Riley et al. A 2-year study on the effects of fire on vegetation in shinnery oak rangelands of Oklahoma suggested that prescribed burning could benefit LPCHs by providing foraging areas, but the immediate effects of fire on nesting cover were negative, particularly when burns were conducted in spring (Boyd 1999, Boyd and . Regional variations in vegetative communities (e.g., sand sagebrush, shinnery oak, mixed shrub, or grass dominated), weather, or resource use that affect populations and their management need to be considered in conservation plans.
cord-346277-xo8qzhna	2010	T he genus Henipavirus in the family Paramyxoviridae contains 2 highly lethal viruses, Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV), both of which use pteropid bats as their main natural reservoir (1) . The discovery of HeV in Australian fl ying foxes in 1996 (2) marked the beginning of a new wave of research activities, which led to the association of bats with some of the most notable viral pathogens to emerge in recent history, including NiV (1), severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronaviruses (3), Ebola virus (4), and Marburg virus (5) . More recently, Melaka virus and Kampar virus, both closely related to viruses in the NBV species group, were isolated from human patients with respiratory symptoms; epidemiologic investigations strongly suggested they were the causative agents (9, 10) . Compared with results of the study conducted in Madgascar (14), in which 1/427 serum samples contained VNT-positive antibodies to both henipavirus and TioPV, our fi nding suggests extremely different paramyxovirus infection dynamics in bats in Papua New Guinea.
cord-348218-wyy4rvqb	2020	In a study of 208 newspaper articles occurring between 1993 and 1998, Leask and Chapman [24] found the Australian newsprint media reported vaccination with an emphasis frame on vaccine-preventable diseases and the issue of low immunisation rates. The medical/health profession dominated New Zealand stories, but political sources dominated the Australian media, largely due, it is suggested, to the January 2016 arrival of the No Jab -No Pay campaign, making vaccinations mandatory for families that receive certain government benefits. A partial possibility for this difference could be that a New Zealand sample was included in the current study, where a focus seemed to be more on medical information presented (regarding the vaccines), in contrast with the Australian media''s focus more on political information and community/social benefits.
cord-348772-xcf0jmqp	2020	Estimating the age-specific infection fatality rate (IFR) of SARS-CoV-2 for different populations is crucial for assessing the fatality of COVID-19 and for appropriately allocating limited vaccine supplies to minimize mortality. Design, Setting, Participants: We used data from a published serosurvey of 5946 individuals 18 years or older conducted April 19-28, 2020 with time series of COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths for five age-classes from the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. The age-specific IFR for SARS-CoV-2 in New York City increased with age approximately 77-fold from 0.07% in 18-44 to 5.3% in 75+ year-olds, in the raw analysis where we assumed equal seroprevalence for all subgroup age-classes (55-64, 65-74, 75+) within the 55+ age-class (Table 1 ). The IFRs in New York City were higher for the two younger age classes (18-44, 45-64), which accounted for 26% of the 15,885 deaths (Table 1) , than all three other studies based on large-scale serosurveys (Geneva, Spain and England).
cord-350201-tluc2ck7	2018	The impetus for the current study was the identification of a virus related to avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) from a fatal human case of unknown cause in the Netherlands by viral metagenomics analysis [8] . In this study, we fully characterized the Dutch clinical isolate of APMV-1-like virus, determined its phylogenetic relationship to other APMV-1 strains, and correlated presence of this virus with lesions in tissues obtained from the patient at autopsy. Domestic pigeons were inoculated intratracheally with the Dutch clinical virus isolate to determine infectivity and transmissibility, clinical signs, and pathological changes (Supplementary Methods). This is consistent with the New York case, where evidence of PPMV-1 infection in feces and urine also suggested extrarespiratory Pigeon Paramyxovirus-Linked Pneumonia • JID 2018:218 (1 October) • 1041 Table 1 spread [11] . It is relevant for these PPMV-1 cases that the risk of 2 pigeon-associated diseases-chlamydiosis and cryptococcosis-was largely a function of the immune status of patients, rather than contact with infected birds [32, 33] .
cord-351517-npcuo1ld	2020	This is extraordinarily good news but raises questions whether everyone receiving a haematopoietic cell transplant needs and/or benefits from these new drugs and whether physicians were complicit in promoting their approval and subsequent use. For example, between 2009 and 2014 the US FDA-approved 83 cancer drugs, 55 based on surrogate outcomes including 31 based on overall response rate and 24 based on PFS [1] . Some data suggest one reason many new drugs gain favour with physicians and patients is because they are promoted by nationally or internationally by disease experts often referred to as key opinion leaders (KOLs) and by drug companies, often in media advertisements. Having invested several years studying a new drug, often with considerable effort and problems working with ethical committees, clinical research organizations (https://www.ashclinicalnews.org/viewpoints/ editors-corner/contract-research-agonizations/); sometimes known as clinical research aggravations), drug company study managers etc. However, the impact of many new approved drugs on transplant outcomes is mostly modest and not everyone needs them.
cord-351863-onipxf2z	2020	Objective: This study aims to explore public opinions toward COVID-19 on social media by comparing the differences in sentiment changes and discussed topics between California and New York in the United States. Results: While the number of COVID-19 cases increased more rapidly in New York than in California in March 2020, the number of tweets posted has a similar trend over time in both states. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the differences in sentiments and public opinions towards the outbreak of COVID-19 for twitter users between New York state and California state in the United States, and how these are related to the number of cases and policy changes. In addition, we showed that the sentiment scores towards COVID-19 in both California and New York varied over time, and the policy announcements and number of confirmed cases might be the major drives for these sentiment changes.
cord-354371-321vd28d	2020	From a local focus on New Orleans to a global perspective, we relate how rapidly changing healthcare policy, evolving use of technology, and social media dynamics played roles in perception and response to the pandemic. 54, 55 Despite the predictable increase in the need for mental health support, resources were reallocated to support primary care and hospital settings to directly address COVID-19 infection, leaving mental health services insufficiently prioritized in New Orleans. 60 Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the needs for isolating patients, limiting exposure, providing medical maintenance, and delivering essential care have highlighted telemedicine as a critically important solution for healthcare delivery. Innovative primary care solutions must address community inequity and the social determinants of health, clearly illustrated in Louisiana where African Americans account for the vastly disproportionate majority of COVID-19-associated cases and fatalities.