Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 68 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7283 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 67 old 11 patient 11 age 11 COVID-19 9 covid-19 8 health 8 adult 6 study 6 people 5 social 5 participant 4 care 3 year 3 physical 3 loneliness 3 infection 3 elderly 3 Health 2 technology 2 phase 2 person 2 muscle 2 mobility 2 intervention 2 home 2 disease 2 chinese 2 SARS 2 Italy 2 ICU 2 China 2 COPD 1 work 1 tug 1 trial 1 transplantation 1 transition 1 surgery 1 subject 1 sensor 1 scooter 1 result 1 research 1 relation 1 recipient 1 pet 1 outcome 1 objective 1 nice 1 new Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 2132 % 2129 patient 2069 study 2004 adult 1859 health 1577 age 1527 people 1143 year 1071 care 1070 group 1046 risk 987 participant 957 disease 869 frailty 850 life 849 intervention 842 population 818 community 724 muscle 721 result 687 time 677 infection 653 home 648 factor 646 activity 610 level 606 datum 590 effect 578 person 572 research 564 analysis 563 outcome 552 individual 528 case 479 treatment 470 use 466 function 463 technology 457 pandemic 455 family 449 mortality 449 day 432 woman 425 number 424 test 424 support 412 method 406 mobility 405 term 405 rate Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 896 al 765 . 702 et 570 COVID-19 384 China 355 Health 193 World 148 SARS 135 National 126 Fig 126 CI 125 C 118 de 111 VR 108 University 107 Frailty 104 Social 103 Sarcopenia 101 United 101 J 94 Study 94 MT 92 Italy 88 HIV 87 Canada 85 CoV-2 85 Care 84 Adults 83 ICU 81 Table 81 States 80 COPD 79 Disease 78 SPPB 77 Old 76 mg 76 Research 74 Hospital 73 Organization 73 Group 72 • 72 Age 70 Coronavirus 68 Spain 68 Center 67 D 65 Medicine 65 Israel 65 Geriatric 63 Society Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 1296 it 1024 we 832 they 301 them 299 i 185 you 181 she 166 he 74 themselves 73 us 50 me 47 itself 45 one 24 her 15 him 8 himself 7 yourself 5 ourselves 5 myself 5 herself 2 oneself 1 theirs 1 sd=1.08 1 pseudonyms 1 mine 1 em 1 's Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 15337 be 3440 have 1395 use 972 include 950 age 834 increase 731 associate 639 do 598 show 572 relate 572 base 551 report 471 provide 439 find 432 identify 425 improve 417 compare 410 live 410 follow 399 make 386 need 381 consider 380 reduce 370 suggest 348 assess 343 develop 333 take 298 see 273 give 271 require 257 support 252 perform 239 evaluate 239 affect 234 describe 233 matter 222 lead 218 result 216 promote 213 focus 210 examine 209 receive 209 know 205 measure 204 occur 202 become 200 present 200 define 199 observe 196 help Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 4818 old 1640 social 1494 not 1131 more 1119 elderly 1013 physical 1000 also 957 high 939 - 789 such 760 low 741 well 732 other 643 cognitive 555 most 498 however 496 clinical 486 young 458 long 447 as 433 only 391 important 388 functional 383 many 379 different 377 frail 356 mental 341 new 335 significant 334 first 316 severe 316 less 307 specific 293 chronic 290 often 287 great 282 early 278 medical 274 further 264 even 259 very 256 especially 249 e.g. 249 common 244 local 244 acute 241 likely 240 significantly 240 covid-19 232 thus Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 140 most 76 good 69 least 59 high 51 Most 45 old 25 great 16 low 15 large 13 strong 12 bad 11 late 7 long 6 short 6 early 4 simple 4 close 3 poor 3 fast 3 cor.t 3 big 2 t.t 2 small 2 near 2 healthy 2 hard 2 frail 2 easy 2 broad 1 αGal 1 ~61 1 ~20 1 young 1 wide 1 wealthy 1 tough 1 thin 1 shapiro.t 1 quick 1 p=0.016 1 few 1 costly 1 colonoscopy 1 clear 1 bold 1 binom.t 1 -storage 1 -Who 1 -R Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 415 most 58 least 11 well 2 long 2 hard 1 shortest 1 lowest 1 -tug Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 doi.org 3 www.who.int 2 www.cdc.gov 2 www 2 grants 1 www.wsj.com 1 www.worldometers.info 1 www.timesofisrael 1 www.theguardian.com 1 www.scb.se 1 www.nytimes.com 1 www.nytimes 1 www.mdpi.com 1 www.health 1 www.economist.com 1 www.easa.europa.eu 1 www.bitre.gov.au 1 thiswayup.org.au 1 ourworldindata.org 1 medium.com 1 medium 1 govextra.gov.il 1 db.cngb.org 1 datadashboard.health.gov.il 1 creat 1 cmd.cochrane.org 1 cgjonline.ca 1 apps.who.int 1 algo.grismoir.com 1 abc7news.com Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 3 http://doi.org/10 2 http://www 2 http://grants 2 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20122812 1 http://www.wsj.com/ 1 http://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ 1 http://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/ 1 http://www.who.int/csr/en/ 1 http://www.who.int/ageing/ageism/en/ 1 http://www.timesofisrael 1 http://www.theguardian.com/world/2 1 http://www.scb.se/ 1 http://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/17/us/coronavirusnursing-homes.html 1 http://www.nytimes 1 http://www.mdpi.com/xxx/s1 1 http://www.health 1 http://www.economist.com/international/2020/09/26/the-pandemic-is-plunging-millionsback-into-extreme-poverty 1 http://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/ 1 http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-at-increased-risk 1 http://www.cdc.gov/NCIDOD/SARS/factsheet.htm 1 http://www.bitre.gov.au/national-cities-performance-framework 1 http://thiswayup.org.au/ 1 http://ourworldindata.org/grapher/coronavirus-cfr 1 http://medium.com/@tomaspueyo/coronavirus-the-hammer-and-the-dance-be9337092b56 1 http://medium 1 http://govextra.gov.il/media/16435/elderlycare-covid19.pdf 1 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2020 1 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2020.101805 1 http://db.cngb.org/news/2/ 1 http://datadashboard.health.gov.il/COVID-19/?utm_source=go.gov.il& 1 http://creat 1 http://cmd.cochrane.org/ 1 http://cgjonline.ca/index.php/cgj/article/view/443/507 1 http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/ 1 http://algo.grismoir.com/ 1 http://abc7news.com/society/viral-hammer-and-thedance-influences-reopening-amid-pandemic/6199923/ Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 1 santon@ufl.edu 1 melanie.cabrera@ufl.edu 1 cryeni@ufl.edu 1 bensadon@ufl.edu 1 a.singh@ufl.edu 1 jordan.alpert@ufl.edu Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 adults are more 8 % were women 8 age is not 8 study did not 7 % were frail 7 people are more 6 % had low 5 adults are likely 5 data are available 5 health related quality 5 people living alone 4 participants did not 4 participants living alone 4 participants were also 4 patients are more 4 studies have also 3 adults are scarce 3 adults is also 3 adults is still 3 adults living alone 3 adults reported higher 3 data are also 3 participants used technology 3 participants were more 3 participants were not 3 participants were significantly 3 participants were then 3 patient has severe 3 patients are often 3 patients had significantly 3 patients were male 3 patients were not 3 patients were still 3 people are not 3 people do not 3 study has several 3 study was part 2 % are critical 2 % had abdominal 2 % had probable 2 % lived alone 2 % was aware 2 . were able 2 activity did not 2 adult living donor 2 adults are less 2 adults are not 2 adults are often 2 adults are particularly 2 adults did not Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 % had no cognitive 1 % had no depressive 1 activity did not notably 1 activity was not essential 1 adults are not technologically 1 adults are not well 1 adults had no impact 1 adults have not yet 1 age had no significant 1 age is not linear 1 age is not only 1 age is not that 1 age is not yet 1 age was not linear 1 ageing does not necessarily 1 care is not easy 1 care is not universally 1 data are not available 1 disease is not only 1 frailty are not interrelated 1 frailty was not significantly 1 group showed no significant 1 home is not possible 1 infection is not commonly 1 levels are not significantly 1 participants did not passively 1 participants suggests no marked 1 participants were not necessarily 1 patient has no history 1 patients are not different 1 patients have no contact 1 patients have no overt 1 patients have no recollection 1 patients is not different 1 patients were not eligible 1 people are no longer 1 studies have not thoroughly 1 studies report no statistical 1 study did not directly 1 study showed no differences 1 study showed no direct 1 study showed no statistically A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-305743-rnfn6opa author = Anton, Stephen D. title = Innovations in Geroscience to enhance mobility in older adults date = 2020-10-22 keywords = adult; age; function; intervention; mobility; muscle; old; physical summary = Aging is the primary risk factor for functional decline; thus, understanding and preventing disability among older adults has emerged as an important public health challenge of the 21st century. Given the aging US population, the disproportionately high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in older adults is a significant public health concern, as it substantially increases the risk for cardiovascular disease J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof (CVD) [27] [28] [29] [30] and is associated with increased all-cause mortality, disability, CVD mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke [31] . Age-related life changes that increase susceptibility to social isolation and loneliness includes changes in health status limiting functioning and mobility; changes in family structure (divorce, childless); death of friends, family members, and spouse; auditory and visual changes reducing the ability to communicate and interact; and resource reductions including healthcare access and quality of care [135] . doi = 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111123 id = cord-332579-7950xjmv author = Aravena, J. M. title = ''Drawing on Wisdom to Cope with Adversity:'' A Systematic Review Protocol of Older Adults'' Mental and Psychosocial Health During Acute Respiratory Disease Propagated-Type Epidemics and Pandemics (COVID-19, SARS-CoV, MERS, and Influenza). date = 2020-06-07 keywords = COVID-19; health; mental; old summary = title: ''Drawing on Wisdom to Cope with Adversity:'' A Systematic Review Protocol of Older Adults'' Mental and Psychosocial Health During Acute Respiratory Disease Propagated-Type Epidemics and Pandemics (COVID-19, SARS-CoV, MERS, and Influenza). Eligibility criteria: quantitative and qualitative studies evaluating mental illness, wellbeing, or psychosocial health outcomes associated with respiratory propagated epidemics and pandemics exposure or periods (COVID-19, SARS-CoV, MERS, and Influenza) in people 65 years or older. In this context, and considering the increasing number of COVID-19 related articles, a systematic review targeted to older people mental health considering a full-range of neuropsychiatric, psychiatric, psychosocial, and wellbeing parameters associated with the infection or the contextual impacts related to acute respiratory disease propagated-type epidemics and pandemics, contrasting the results among groups seems pertinent and necessary to fully understand the response and experiences of older adults and other age groups in the context of pandemics. doi = 10.1101/2020.06.04.20122812 id = cord-339292-mhbwjwrg author = Aubertin-Leheudre, M. title = THE IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY TO CARE FOR FRAIL OLDER ADULTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC date = 2020-04-30 keywords = old summary = title: THE IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY TO CARE FOR FRAIL OLDER ADULTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC Simple, adapted and specific physical activities should be implemented and considered as the best solution to care for frail elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. In a 10-day hospitalization, an older patient typically loses 16% of muscle strength and 6% of risk of falls (34% within three months of discharge) 5;6 and disability (33% will report functional 66 decline one-year after discharge) 7;8 . Older hospitalized patients are often on confined to bed for 17 hours per day 70 According to WHO, healthy aging is largely determined by the ability to maintain both mental 85 and physical capacities 13 . In conclusion, to our knowledge, daily simple, adapted and specific physical activities 177 including strength, balance and walk exercises (see figure 1 & 2 or vivifrail©) should be 178 considered as the best solution to care for frail older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. doi = 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.04.022 id = cord-033736-bsmqqi6j author = Bajraktari, Saranda title = Health-promoting and preventive interventions for community-dwelling older people published from inception to 2019: a scoping review to guide decision making in a Swedish municipality context date = 2020-10-14 keywords = effect; health; intervention; old; study summary = Eligible studies were: 1) interventions categorised as health promotion (HP) or primary prevention (PP) following the WHO''s definition [1, 2] and addressing behavioural risk factors, injury prevention, physical health, social and mental health, 2) including populations of community-living older people 65+ as of it being the lowest retirement age in the Nordic Countries, hence exclude the risk of missing relevant studies due to the age limitation, 3) implemented in a Nordic country (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Faroe Islands), 4) studies applying a randomized controlled trial design (RCT) for the evaluation of effects (research question six), 5) studies related to the identified RCTs addressing the remaining research question, e.g. experiences of participants, feasibility as well as studies on cost-effectiveness. Five studies had samples consisting only of female participants [32, Table 2 Detailed results concerning intervention content, effects on health outcomes, and feasibility aspects of included studies in the field of health-promoting and preventive interventions for community dwelling older people in the Nordic countries from inception to 2019 (Continued) doi = 10.1186/s13690-020-00480-5 id = cord-016840-p3sq99yg author = Bales, Connie Watkins title = Minimizing the Impact of Complex Emergencies on Nutrition and Geriatric Health: Planning for Prevention is Key date = 2008-09-09 keywords = States; United; emergency; food; health; old summary = Complex emergencies (CEs) can occur anywhere and are defined as crisis situations that greatly elevate the risk to nutrition and overall health (morbidity and mortality) of older individuals in the affected area. The major underlying threats to nutritional status for older adults during CEs are food insecurity, inadequate social support, and lack of access to health services. Any of a number of crisis situations that greatly elevate the health risk of individuals in the affected area; examples are natural disasters like floods and earthquakes; urban health emergencies like fires, epidemics, and blackouts; and terrorist acts like massive bombings or poisonings of food or water supplies. Examples include natural disasters like floods and earthquakes, urban health emergencies like fires, epidemics and blackouts, and terrorist acts like massive bombings or poisonings of food or water supplies (see Table 29 .2). doi = 10.1007/978-1-60327-385-5_29 id = cord-306504-0wq7rc6s author = Barakovic Husic, Jasmina title = Aging at Work: A Review of Recent Trends and Future Directions date = 2020-10-20 keywords = NLP; age; article; old; work summary = In order to answer the research questions, we examined studies on the aging labour force that were published between January 2008 and August 2019, to recognize the trends in the literature written in English with respect to motivation issues and potential solutions. Older workers with high job satisfaction, development possibilities, affirmative relations to management, and no age discrimination stayed longer in the work market. Ageism, employment discrimination, gender, work [33] To investigate the age-related connection between job stress, extreme tiredness, prosperity, and associated personal, institutional, and community factors. Job/age/disability discrimination [36] To investigate the relation between psychosocial factors and pension intention of older employees, while considering healthiness and work ability. Older farmers, work-related musculoskeletal disorders, pension age [8] To investigate the action plans that workers use to acquire skills in software and complete assignments Exploratory study (interviews, surveys). doi = 10.3390/ijerph17207659 id = cord-317519-yhzv2yjs author = Barzilai, Nir title = Geroscience in the Age of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-23 keywords = COVID-19; age; old summary = Development and use of drugs like rapamycin and metformin by the at-risk population, notably older adults, may confer broad health benefits by targeting multiple aspects of biological aging and in this way raise the chances that these people can ward off the worst effects of COVID-19. Randomized, controlled clinical trials to assess the ability of rapamycin, metformin and other potential geroprotective drugs [20] , to boost response to an eventual COVID-19 vaccine in the elderly, as well as protect against COVID-19 infection altogether, could have a substantial impact on survival in vulnerable populations and should be pursued. Often, in older patients, multiple aging-related diseases are affected by multiple risk factors, further increasing the disability and mortality. The COVID-19 global emergency has emphasized to vast masses of people the vital need to prevent old-age multimorbidity, protect the elderly and improve their health span. doi = 10.14336/ad.2020.0629 id = cord-010965-5jkau3jb author = Berg-Weger, M. title = Loneliness in Old Age: An Unaddressed Health Problem date = 2020-01-16 keywords = loneliness; old summary = The longterm (greater than four years) effects of loneliness and social isolation can be even more devastating, including; Increased blood pressure, depression, weight gain, smoking alcohol/ drug use, and alone time (5) and decreased physical activity, cognition, heart health, and sleep, stroke and coronary heart disease, in particular (6). • Cognition (28, 29) • Subjective health (30) • Stress and depression (31) • Decreased quality of sleep (32) • Disability (33, 34) • Cardiovascular disease (6) • Increased use of health care services (29, (35) (36) (37) • Increased mortality (29, 38, 39) • Institutionalization (29) Predictors and risk factors of loneliness and social isolation are numerous, but some may be modifiable. Developed by scholars and practitioners at the Central Union for the Welfare of the Aged at Helsinki University in the early 2000s, Circle of Friends© is built on a model of group rehabilitation with the aim being alleviation and prevention of loneliness in older adults (21) . doi = 10.1007/s12603-020-1323-6 id = cord-324635-27q3nxte author = Bouza, Emilio title = The situation of infection in the elderly in Spain: a multidisciplinary opinion document date = 2020-09-08 keywords = Spain; age; care; elderly; health; home; infection; old; patient; study; year summary = Thus, for long-term care facility (LTCF) residents and in hospitalised elderly people, UTI is the number one cause of infection and is the second most common in older women living in the community [19] . The first data on infection in nursing homes in Spain come from the EPINGER study, conducted in community health centres in Catalonia, which reported a prevalence of 6.5%, although it should be pointed out that in Catalonia the concept of the community health centre would include medium-long term patients, while in the rest of the Spanish autonomous communities this concept would be limited to nursing homes [40] . This is a multi-centre system for monitoring nosocomial infections, based on the production of an annual prevalence study, which has been conducted since 1990 in a large group of hospitals in Spain and was promoted by the Spanish Society of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Hygiene. The studies reviewed allow us to estimate a prevalence of infection of between 4 and 10% in nursing homes in Spain, depending on their complexity, and between 6 and 9% in hospitalised elderly people. doi = 10.37201/req/057.2020 id = cord-308271-zzepl3on author = Calderón-Larrañaga, Amaia title = COVID-19: risk accumulation among biologically and socially vulnerable older populations date = 2020-08-17 keywords = covid-19; old; social summary = Based on preliminary data from Sweden and other reports, in this paper we propose a conceptual framework whereby different factors related to biological and social vulnerability may explain the specific COVID-19 burden among older people. Only through interdisciplinary research integrating biological, clinical and social data will we be able to provide new insights into the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and inform actions aimed at reducing older adults'' vulnerability to COVID-19 or other similar pandemics in the future. Insert table 2 here Similarly, preliminary analyses based on publicly available data from Stockholm region (Sweden) show differences in excess mortality for COVID-19 across community measures of country of birth, median income and education one month after the outbreak (Figure 1 ). We propose a conceptual framework addressing biological and social differences in COVID-19 burden developed specifically for older people, considering potential disparities in its prevention, treatment, prognosis and/or long-term consequences (Figure 2 ). doi = 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101149 id = cord-018363-qr1pk78u author = Casey, Ashley title = Consultative and Comanagement date = 2015-10-10 keywords = answer; follow; increase; old; patient; surgery summary = Results of physical examination are as follows: temperature, 38.9 °C (102.1 °F); heart rate, 116 bpm; blood pressure, 96/60 mmHg; respiratory rate, 35 breaths/min; and O 2 saturation, 74 % on 100 % O 2 with a nonrebreather mask. In the past 20 min, the patient has become abruptly short of breath, hypoxic, and severely hypotensive with a blood pressure of 72/palpation mm Hg. On physical exam, she is obtunded and in serve respiratory distress. A 64-year-old female with a past medical history signifi cant for type 2 diabetes mellitus is admitted with increasing shortness of breath. A meta-analysis of 15 studies reports that hyperglycemia increased both in-hospital mortality and incidence of heart failure in patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction. Continuing warfarin treatment at the time of pacemaker in patients with high thrombotic risk was associated with a lower incidence of clinically signifi cant device-pocket hematoma, as opposed to bridging with heparin. doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-23748-0_2 id = cord-252854-gl094y6c author = Cesari, Matteo title = COVID-19 and Older Adults. Lessons Learned from the Italian Epicenter date = 2020-03-01 keywords = Italy; old summary = On March 13th, 2020, The World Health Organization effectively established that Europe is the new the COVID-19 pandemic world epicenter, as cases in Italy and other European nations soared. The clinical presentation in older adults with severe illness, in the experience from geriatricians in Lombardy, is described as quite sudden; patients can develop severe hypoxemia with the need of ventilation support in few hours. Specifically, the numbers in Italy have climbed, with over 80,000 cases and 8,000 deaths as of March 26th, 2020, placing Italy now as the country with the highest mortality rate (1) Importantly, older adults are particularly vulnerable to get severe illness and complications from this disease, and they also have a higher mortality rate than any other age group. 2. Clinical presentation in older adults with severe illness is quite sudden; patients can develop severe hypoxemia and need ventilation support in very few hours. doi = 10.5770/cgj.23.445 id = cord-344818-ms2edk3w author = Chu, Charlene H. title = Competing Crises: COVID‐19 Countermeasures and Social Isolation among Older Adults in Long Term Care date = 2020-07-09 keywords = LTC; old summary = Older adults living in long-term care (LTC) facilities comprise 79% of the COVID-19 death toll in Canada (Rothan & Byrareddy, 2020; Walsh & Semeniuk, 2020) . While our failure to protect long-term care (LTC) facilities has been made apparent both by this high mortality and a shocking recent Canadian Armed Forces Report (Mialkowski, 2020) , the singular focus on mortality has overshadowed any attention to morbidityparticularly the effects of physical distancing on health, quality of life and autonomy. Recent changes to LTC visitation policies allow loved ones to visit in-person but continue to be overly restrictive: visits could only be 30-minutes long, outdoors, physically distanced while wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) and the visitor needed to present a COVID-19 negative test (Ontario Ministry of Long-Term Care, 2020). All rights reserved the toll and trauma that COVID-19 countermeasures have taken on older adults residing in LTC facilities and their families. doi = 10.1111/jan.14467 id = cord-313413-qx6fo1x2 author = Cipriano, Catia title = Metallothionein (I+II) confers, via c-myc, immune plasticity in oldest mice: model of partial hepatectomy/liver regeneration date = 2003-06-19 keywords = IL-6; Mocchegiani; old summary = Partial hepatectomy/liver regeneration (pHx) is a good model for the study of acute and constant inflammation in ageing because of its similarity to ageing and inflammation in impaired thymic endocrine activity and peripheral immune efficiency [Natural Killer (NK) cell activity and IL-2 production] (Mocchegiani et al., 1997) as well as in enhanced corticosterone (Shimada et al., 1996) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) (Kelley-Loughnane et al., 2002) in young pHx mice 48 h after partial hepatectomy. IL-6, sIL-6R and corticosterone plasma levels increased in young and very old pHx mice at 48 h from partial hepatectomy as compared with respective sham controls (P B/0.01), with restoration on day 15 of compensatory liver growth (Table 1) . doi = 10.1016/s0047-6374(03)00146-5 id = cord-306210-ny3vvu9h author = Clarfield, A. Mark title = Age, ageing, ageism and “age-itation” in the Age of COVID-19: rights and obligations relating to older persons in Israel as observed through the lens of medical ethics date = 2020-11-12 keywords = ICU; Israel; age; covid-19; old; person summary = Furthermore, advancing age (from about 60 on), even in those older persons without any accompanying illnesses, is a strong and independent risk factor for pneumonia, need for an ICU bed and death from the virus. Recommendations include the Ministry of Health publishing clear guidelines as to risk factors and offering sensible advice on how to practice physical (not "social") distancing without exacerbating an older person''s sense of social isolation. Although we are dealing with a fast and erratically moving target, with the present situation in mind this paper will elucidate relevant issues and offer policy recommendations germane to when and how older persons can minimize risk and at some point in the future return to their pre-COVID-19 routine in Israel. A step-by-step proposal 1) With respect to the at-risk populations (those with relevant medical illnesses and older age), so far, even though the number of infected person is rising once again, at the date of writing (late October, 2020) the program recommended herein is still voluntary. doi = 10.1186/s13584-020-00416-y id = cord-288479-ti9x8p6m author = Cobo, Antonio title = Automatic and Real-Time Computation of the 30-Seconds Chair-Stand Test without Professional Supervision for Community-Dwelling Older Adults date = 2020-10-14 keywords = CST; old; sensor; subject; transition summary = In calibration mode, the readings from the accelerometer in the device are used to compute the thigh angle in both a sitting and an upright static posture, as a measurement of the subject''s mobility constraints; then, the parameters in the automatic count algorithm are set accordingly to a personalized value. Our processing algorithm runs on board the Arduino, and is responsible for collecting the accelerometer readings, computing the estimations of the thigh angle over time, and analyzing the resulting signal to automatically detect and count SiSt and StSi transitions in real time, without storing or transmitting the individual samples. The system comprises a low-cost sensor that automatically detects and counts sit-to-stand (SiSt) transitions in real time, and a home care application that guides older people through the whole procedure. The system comprises a low-cost sensor that automatically detects and counts sit-to-stand (SiSt) transitions in real time, and a home care application that guides older people through the whole procedure. doi = 10.3390/s20205813 id = cord-288392-khjo6j8u author = Davern, Melanie title = How Can the Lived Environment Support Healthy Ageing? A Spatial Indicators Framework for the Assessment of Age-Friendly Communities date = 2020-10-21 keywords = AFC; Age; Health; indicator; old; people summary = This paper provides a quantifiable spatial indicators framework to assess local lived environments according to each Age-Friendly Cities and Communities (AFC) domain. The spatial measures used to assess this included: walkability (with and without footpaths); access to public open space; access to public transport; housing affordability; housing diversity; government owned dwellings (social housing); access to services for older people; libraries; universities of the 3rd Age; places of worship; volunteering; households with internet access; aged care facilities; and access to General Practitioners. Objective spatial measures of the lived environment are critical for the following reasons: to simplify assessments of AFC; to provide a foundation level of knowledge about the age-friendliness of an environment; to assist local and state government planning by informing and monitoring future actions and interventions needed to promote healthy ageing in communities; and to include older people into targets of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and the New Urban Agenda. doi = 10.3390/ijerph17207685 id = cord-311757-qbk4aapf author = Dawes, Piers title = Challenges of the COVID‐19 pandemic for social gerontology in Australia date = 2020-09-23 keywords = old; people summary = 1 Those who recover may face additional long-term impacts on health 2 that make older people more likely to need additional support and affect future quality of life. Public health measures to suppress the virus-social distancing, restrictions on public transport, closure of shops, clinics, public facilities and community, sporting and interest groups-increase anxiety, depression and loneliness in older people. 17 An Academy of Science report on the impact of the pandemic on Australian universities identified dramatic reductions in international student fees and research funding. Some universities are beginning a phased return to seeing participants, although those from particularly vulnerable populations (including older people, people with long-term health conditions and people living in aged care facilities) are set to be the last groups where data collection will restart. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed inequalities and vulnerabilities for older Australians, particularly those with long-term conditions, people from minority communities, Indigenous backgrounds and residents of aged care facilities. doi = 10.1111/ajag.12845 id = cord-259618-kl0aq0ut author = De Leo, Diego title = The fight against COVID-19: a report from the Italian trenches date = 2020-04-20 keywords = COVID-19; Italy; old summary = On the other hand, in the present situation, caregivers of people with dementia are also exposed to extra stress: limited opportunities to offer the usual level of care; food and cleaning management more problematic; worries and concerns for the possibility of contaminating an older adult that would not survive the disease; and, in a situation like the Italian one, the many "badanti" (carers from Eastern Europe) without a regular contract (Rugolotto et al., 2017) , now impeded to reach the home of the older adults they take care of because they are intercepted by the police at check points. Unfortunately, this elementary strategy to guarantee that health professionals were sufficiently protected toward the virus was not applied with due care, and up to date the number of doctors who died from the infection during their professional activity is unbearable (109 victims, at the time of writing). doi = 10.1017/s1041610220000630 id = cord-332918-6kmbaswt author = Dwolatzky, Tzvi title = If Not Now, When? the Role of Geriatric Leadership as Covid-19 Brings the World to Its Knees date = 2020-05-15 keywords = care; old; people summary = One may try to understand the personal perspective of health care workers pushed to their physical and mental limits in providing care to old and frail people at a time of crisis, while harboring their own concerns and fears. And now, with a viral pandemic sweeping across the globe, geriatricians are actively involved in the clinical care of vast numbers of older people in the community and in hospital settings. Social distancing and the restriction of movement, with a clear call to stay at home and thus prevent exposure to other people who may be a source of coronavirus infection, is in accordance with the World Health Organization''s efforts to limit the spread of the virus. Older people who are cognitively and/or functionally impaired and are living at home are usually cared for by nursing assistants. As the Covid-19 pandemic unfolds, the tragedy of a rapid spread of the virus among frail and vulnerable older residents of nursing homes has resulted in catastrophic consequences. doi = 10.3389/fmed.2020.00232 id = cord-011302-pfepyvaw author = Edlmann, Ellie title = The changing face of neurosurgery for the older person date = 2020-04-25 keywords = old; outcome; patient summary = In this review, we consider changes in practice and current treatment outcomes in older patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage, traumatic head injury, and haemorrhagic strokes. A recent systematic review of endovascular treatment of ruptured aneurysms in patients aged over 65 reported good outcomes in 66%, with a mortality rate of around 26% at 1 year [36] . Koffijberg analysed the cost-effectiveness of treating ruptured aneurysms in patients aged over 70, identifying key parameters including patient age (and thus life expectancy), good or poor clinical condition on presentation, conservative or occlusive treatment (clipping or coiling) and good or poor outcomes [18] . This is supported by collaborations such as IMPACT (International Mission for Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials in TBI) and CRASH (Corticosteroid Randomisation After Significant Head injury), who have used available evidence to develop prognostic calculators for TBI, where age is a corestratifying component and significantly increases chances of a poor outcome [17, 38] . doi = 10.1007/s00415-020-09854-9 id = cord-253182-s60vzf3q author = Fang, Evandro F. title = A research agenda for ageing in China in the 21st century (2nd edition): Focusing on basic and translational research, long-term care, policy and social networks date = 2020-09-21 keywords = China; Fig; HIV; Health; National; age; care; chinese; disease; elderly; old summary = Major healthcare challenges involved with caring for the elderly in China include the management of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs), physical frailty, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, with emerging challenges such as providing sufficient dental care, combating the rising prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among nursing home communities, providing support for increased incidences of immune diseases, and the growing necessity to provide palliative care for the elderly. The research agenda in response to rapid population ageing in China has been broad, covering areas including the study of the ageing process itself in laboratory and animal studies, to clinical-level studies of drugs or other treatments for common chronic diseases, and finally policy-level research for the care of the elderly in hospital, community and residential care settings, and its influence on health and social care policies . Major risk factors of the high prevalence of dental diseases in the elderly in China include the scarcity of dental health knowledge in the general population, low frequency of daily oral hygiene practices, insufficiency of dental care services, and unhealthy diet habits. doi = 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101174 id = cord-310556-ebh59adi author = Flett, Gordon L. title = Aging and Feeling Valued Versus Expendable During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond: a Review and Commentary of Why Mattering Is Fundamental to the Health and Well-Being of Older Adults date = 2020-06-15 keywords = Flett; adult; health; matter; mattering; old; people summary = This work has also resulted in the creation of the first measure of suicide ideation tailored specifically to the needs and lives of older people, the Geriatric Suicide Ideation Scale (Heisel and Flett 2006) , which assesses sociocultural and existential factors (i.e., its "Loss of Personal and Social Worth" and "Perceived Meaning in Life" subscales) in addition to thoughts and wishes to die and for suicide. doi = 10.1007/s11469-020-00339-4 id = cord-266239-l0ulr2ep author = Freeman, Shannon title = Intergenerational Effects on the Impacts of Technology Use in Later Life: Insights from an International, Multi-Site Study date = 2020-08-07 keywords = adult; old; participant; technology summary = Participants referenced younger family members as having introduced them to, and having taught them how to use, technologies such as digital devices, computers, and social networking sites. A particular gap in knowledge exists regarding the role of intergenerational elements in motivating older adults to learn how to use technology and associated ICTs. Across the globe, societies are aging rapidly due to increased life expectancy as a result of better health and social care, and lower birth rates [4] . The challenges to acquiring new technology skills and strategies for connecting with younger generations to overcome them suggest the importance of intergenerational influences on older adults'' understanding and use of technology, which must be further explored. Our study revealed findings similar to those noted above but for multiple digital technologies, which suggests a more universal and generalizable use of technologies among older adults to increase intergenerational family social interactions as a "digital gathering place". doi = 10.3390/ijerph17165711 id = cord-265830-6shiocwr author = Frost, Rachael title = Using remote interventions in promoting the health of frail older persons following the COVID-19 lockdown: challenges and solutions date = 2020-05-25 keywords = old summary = Phone-based support may be particularly applicable to a population with 23 less internet and computer access, and may improve adherence to independent exercise therapies also showed comparable effects to face-to-face delivery with similar numbers of people 26 completing sessions (49/56 vs 54/63). 4 One systematic review found that mobile health technologies 27 for older people are more acceptable when they facilitate communication with a healthcare provider 28 rather than disrupt it, 7 and a cohort study found that frail older people using teleassistance at home 29 who took up additional specialist telecounselling were almost twice as likely to complete the study 30 Home-based video exercise intervention for 56 community-dwelling frail older women: A randomized controlled trial User experience, 59 actual use, and effectiveness of an information communication technology-supported home 60 exercise program for pre-frail older adults doi = 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.038 id = cord-261733-kc0d5pe8 author = Galili, Uri title = Why Do We Produce Anti-Gal: Evolutionary Appearance of Anti-Gal in Old World Primates date = 2017-09-15 keywords = Old; World; epitope; gal summary = A present day example of a scenario in which a glycosyltransferase gene is inactivated in small human populations, and the resulting production of a natural antibody against the eliminated carbohydrate antigen is the blood group "Bombay" individuals, discussed at the end of this chapter. Epidemics by enveloped viruses presenting α-gal epitopes that were synthesized by α1,3GT of ancestral Old World primates caused the extinction of these primates, whereas offspring-lacking α-gal epitopes were protected by the natural anti-Gal antibody they produced. The antibody is unique to humans, apes, and Old World monkeys, and it binds specifically to a mammalian carbohydrate antigen called the α-gal epitope that is synthesized in nonprimate mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys by the glycosylation enzyme α1,3GT. The antibody is unique to humans, apes, and Old World monkeys, and it binds specifically to a mammalian carbohydrate antigen called the α-gal epitope that is synthesized in nonprimate mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys by the glycosylation enzyme α1,3GT. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-813362-0.00002-6 id = cord-333959-8ermzrmr author = Gao, Zan title = Virtual Reality Exercise as a Coping Strategy for Health and Wellness Promotion in Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-25 keywords = adult; old summary = Particularly affected are older adults (i.e., those aged ≥ 65 years) who are at elevated risk for various adverse health outcomes, including declines in motor ability and physical activity (PA) participation, increased obesity, impaired cognition, and various psychological disorders. This generation has higher rates of chronic disease and disability compared to any other generation [8] , and studies have shown that the four most common poor health conditions seen in older adults are decreased motor ability, increased obesity, impaired cognition, and psychological disorders, which lead to a lower quality of life [9, 10] . For example, a home-based VR intervention, which used an Xbox 360 gaming console and Your Shape Fitness Evolved software and consisted of Tai Chi and Yoga exercise programs, indicated positive effects of VR exercise on older adults'' motor ability outcomes, such as hip muscle strength and balance control [22] . doi = 10.3390/jcm9061986 id = cord-260046-lli6mt29 author = Garnier‐Crussard, Antoine title = Novel Coronavirus (COVID‐19) Epidemic: What Are the Risks for Older Patients? date = 2020-03-12 keywords = old summary = The World Health Organization confirmed 93,090 cases of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infections (COVID-19) worldwide on March 04, 2020. 5 Since COVID-19 seems to have a similar pathogenic potential as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, 6 older adults are likely to be at increased risk of severe infections, cascade of complications, disability, and death, as observed with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infections. 7, 8 The consequences of possible epidemics in long-term care facilities could be severe on a population of older adults who are by definition frail and immunologically naïve towards this virus, even if the risk is of course for the moment mainly theoretical. Clinical management of COVID-19 should be guided by the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention state that there is no specific antiviral treatment recommended, and patients should receive supportive care to help relieve symptoms. doi = 10.1111/jgs.16407 id = cord-308677-dr9a3ug0 author = Hall, William J. title = Benefits of Intensive Care Unit Hospitalization for Patients Older than 90 Years date = 2020-06-27 keywords = ICU; old summary = Therefore, it is timely that in this current issue of the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, Hass and colleagues report on a large-scale clinical review comparing short-term mortality after ICU admission (i.e., ICU and hospital mortality) in the population aged 80 to 90 years versus a cohort in the older than 90 years group. ICU mortality of the patients aged 90 years and older was actually lower (13.8% vs 16.1%; P < .001) and hospital mortality was similar (26.1% vs 25.7%; P < .41) compared with octogenarians. Some studies not focused on nonagenarians have reported that the use of relatively simple screening tools, such as the Clinical Frailty Scale, may be highly predictive of the impact of frailty on acute hospital stays and ICU mortality. A wellrecognized example of a medical meme from prior generations might be the description of pneumonia in older adults as "the old man''s friend," first attributed to the influential William Osler in the first edition of his textbook on medicine. doi = 10.1111/jgs.16626 id = cord-258093-6fn8ei9f author = Hanania, Nicola A. title = Asthma in the elderly: Current understanding and future research needs—a report of a National Institute on Aging (NIA) workshop date = 2011-08-25 keywords = COPD; adult; age; asthma; asthmatic; disease; elderly; old; patient summary = The aging lung Large, longitudinal, and more complete studies to determine the effects of aging on the function of the respiratory system Improved knowledge about lung structure-function relationships in older age using techniques of imaging and measures of lung function not requiring effort (eg, high-resolution computed tomographic scanning and forced oscillation) Improved assessment of lung processes underlying airflow limitation attributable to aging versus COPD or asthma, especially in asthmatic patients who smoke Studies to examine the effects of aging in ethnic groups and the role of gender Epidemiology, effect, diagnosis, and management Determine the true prevalence and cost of asthma in the older population Develop a uniform definition of asthma to be applied to health care records that will distinguish asthma from COPD and mixed asthma/COPD Evaluate evidence-based treatment algorithms for older asthmatic patients, such as those developed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Global Initiative For Asthma guidelines 7 Assess the effect of asthma treatment, including direct medical costs of care, indirect costs of care, and value of treatment in improving quality of life 8, 9 Assess the effect of comorbid conditions, especially COPD and congestive heart failure, on asthma 9 Characterize phenotypes of elderly asthma with regard to responses to therapy and long-term outcomes based on age of onset, duration of disease, and environmental triggers Develop algorithms for electronic medical record systems that are asthma-specific Evaluate effects of current asthma medications in older patients compared with younger patients Identify pharmacogenetic determinants of response to asthma medications in older adults Identify simpler and safer drug delivery systems and schedules for older adults Develop simple methods to differentiate COPD from asthma exacerbations in older adults doi = 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.06.048 id = cord-269716-x3b0qphd author = Hopper, Lydia M. title = Problem solving flexibility across early development date = 2020-08-26 keywords = Hopper; child; old; phase; trial summary = For all children and action sequences used, in the first trial of Phase 2, 7 of the 20 2year-olds (35.00%), 14 of the 22 3-year-olds (63.64%), and 13 of the 19 4-year-olds (68.42%) used the (newly available) most efficient method (i.e., they removed only the lower two of five straws from the tube), highlighting their recognition of the changed task demands. In spite of this, after correcting for multiple comparisons, post hoc pairwise comparisons revealed no significant difference across age groups when comparing the numbers of children whose responses in the first trial of Phase 2 responses were efficient: 4-year-olds versus 2year-olds, t(35.92) = À2.41, p = .021, 95% CI [À0.68, À0.06]; 4-year-olds versus 3-year-olds, Considering all 4 trials that children completed in Phase 2, on average children removed significantly fewer straws per trial in Phase 2 than they did in Phase 1, highlighting their understanding of the changed task demands. doi = 10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104966 id = cord-279631-1hlrx7o4 author = Huang, Yan‐Mei title = CHINA''S OLDEST CORONAVIRUS SURVIVORS date = 2020-04-08 keywords = COVID-19; old summary = A 103-year-old woman who had a confirmed positive DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16462 nucleic acid test result for COVID-19 on March 1 was admitted to the Li-Yuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. 5 Considering her critically ill condition, she and her 55-year-old daughter, who also had the virus, were transferred to an intensive care unit in a makeshift hospital on the evening of February 13; they were discharged on March 1. However, in view of the public health consequences of COVID-19, nursing homes now refer all patients with fever and respiratory symptoms to acute hospitals to rule out the virus. All nursing home patients admitted to our institution with acute respiratory infections are isolated in negative pressure rooms and tested once for COVID-19 if the clinical suspicion is low. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan 98-year-old COVID-19 patient discharged from hospital doi = 10.1111/jgs.16462 id = cord-307915-mmw5s981 author = Hudson, Janella title = Robotic Pet Use Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults date = 2020-08-13 keywords = adult; old; participant; pet; social summary = Sharkey, 2012) Observations of participants interacting with robotic pets in nursing home and laboratory settings have demonstrated promise for supporting the social and emotional needs of older adults (McGlynn et al., 2017) and have yielded benefits similar to those achieved during animal-assisted therapies, including improved cardiovascular measures (Robinson et al., 2015) , reduction in loneliness (Kanamori et al., 2001) , decreased agitation, and an increase in feelings of pleasure (Libin and Cohen-Mansfield, 2004) . Given these diverse and potentially promising pathways for subjective loneliness-reducing reducing interventions, this study aims to examine the potential benefit of social robot use by community-dwelling older adults. Few studies have explored the benefit of companion pets for alleviating subjective loneliness, as well as the patterns of usage outside of a laboratory setting, among cognitively functioning, community-dwelling older adults. These study findings provide insights into the potential benefit of robotic pets for community-dwelling older adults interacting with the pets in their own homes, and demonstrate the need to explore applicability during pandemic conditions. doi = 10.1093/geronb/gbaa119 id = cord-273612-o746vjrn author = Isaacson, Michal title = Mobility scooters in urban environments: A research agenda date = 2020-09-30 keywords = mobility; old; scooter summary = The growing prevalence of mobility scooters as a mode of transportation has the potential to not only affect the lives of older adults who use them but to impact urban environments at large as well as have implications for the safety of pedestrians and of other vehicle users. Results We propose three areas of research that focus on mobility scooter use by older people: (1) research involving users – impacts on older people employing mobility scooters; (2) studying the impact on urban space public spaces and passageways used as travel routes, the barriers impeding travel and lack of appropriate parking solutions in the urban environment; and (3) issues of safety mobility scooter driving and travel regulations and infrastructure design regulations. These include: the impacts on those who adopt mobility scooters into their lifestyle, potential implications for urban and transportation planning, and impacts on enacting laws and regulations pertaining to the safety of those operating and riding mobility scooters, as well as those surrounding them. doi = 10.1016/j.jth.2020.100917 id = cord-350907-lazslqn0 author = Isik, Ahmet Turan title = Covid-19 Infection in Older Adults: A Geriatrician’s Perspective date = 2020-07-06 keywords = covid-19; old summary = 1, 2 Regarding the severe course of the disease in the elderly, I would like to draw attention to some issues related to the diagnosis of Covid-19 infections in older patients. 2, 3 Older patients, especially frail ones with multiple comorbidities, may not show typical symptoms, such as fever, cough, chest discomfort, or excessive sputum production in pulmonary infections as much as young people do, and thus atypical presentations may be an important issue that causes delayed diagnosis of Covid-19 infections. 5, 11 In a study examining the cases in Wuhan, China, the origin of the infection, it was reported that the disease progresses more severely and even causes deaths, especially in older patients and individuals with chronic diseases. Furthermore, while Covid-19 is severe and fatal in older adults, evaluation of individuals over 65 years of age with a geriatrician''s perspective is very important. doi = 10.2147/cia.s260972 id = cord-281344-iswbgqqe author = Jonker, Leonie T. title = Perioperative telemonitoring of older adults with cancer: Can we connect them all? date = 2020-09-04 keywords = old; participant; patient summary = MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study with older patients (≥ 65 years) undergoing cancer-related surgery, who were identified for a perioperative telemonitoring study. This study is a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study with older patients undergoing cancer-related surgery, who were identified for a perioperative telemonitoring study (Netherlands trial registration number: NL 8253) [19] . The twelve patients who were discharged to an SNF were significantly older (mean age 79.0 versus 73.6 years old [p = 0.01]), had a higher ASA classification (ASA 3-4 58% versus 29% [p = 0.05]), used more medication (% polypharmacy 92% versus 50% [p = 0.00]) and were more often living alone or in a nursing home before surgery (50% versus 30%, 17% versus 0% [p = 0.00]). The main barriers to older adults'' participation in a perioperative telemonitoring study were lack of internet access at home, digital illiteracy, and a perceived high mental burden. doi = 10.1016/j.jgo.2020.08.008 id = cord-017461-xw02c7u5 author = Kauffman, Carol A. title = Fungal Infections date = 2009-02-02 keywords = Candida; infection; old; patient summary = Candida species are the most common cause of opportunistic fungal infections, and bloodstream infections are usually treated with fluconazole or an echinocandin antifungal agent. The endemic fungi, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides species, and Blastomyces dermatitidis, cause infection when the mold form is dispersed and inhaled from the environment in those specific areas of the country in which these organisms flourish. Amphotericin B is used for initial treatment of severe histoplasmosis, coccidioi­domycosis, and blastomycosis; itraconazole is the therapy of choice for most mild to moderate infections due to these endemic mycoses. Serious fungal infections can be separated into two major categories: The opportunistic mycoses that include candidiasis, cryptococcosis, and invasive mold infections such as aspergillosis and zygomycosis, and the endemic mycoses, which in the United States, includes histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, and coccidioidomycosis. doi = 10.1007/978-1-60327-534-7_22 id = cord-284595-0mlwp05f author = Kirkpatrick, James N. title = Primary Prevention Statins in Older Patients: The Good News or the Bad News First? date = 2020-07-07 keywords = old summary = key: cord-284595-0mlwp05f authors: Kirkpatrick, James N.; Bernacki, Gwen M. title: Primary Prevention Statins in Older Patients: The Good News or the Bad News First? date: 2020-07-07 journal: J Am Coll Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.05.024 sha: doc_id: 284595 cord_uid: 0mlwp05f [Figure: see text] It is also relatively old news that statins reduce adverse cardiovascular outcomes, but it remains unclear whether this reduction applies to older adults. where appropriate. For more information, visit the JACC author instructions page. Association of statin use with disability-free survival and cardiovascular disease among healthy older adults Effect of aspirin on disability-free survival in the healthy elderly Effect of aspirin on cardiovascular events and bleeding in the healthy elderly Deprescribing in older adults with cardiovascular disease doi = 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.05.024 id = cord-332652-wm9krxve author = Koslik, Hayley J. title = Prevalence and correlates of obstructive lung disease among people who inject drugs, San Diego, California date = 2020-07-02 keywords = COPD; PWID; old summary = The leading risk factor for COPD is cigarette smoking (Bhatt et al., 2018) , but studies have also reported associations with older age (de Marco et al., 2011) , low socioeconomic status (Wheaton et al., 2015) , human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (Drummond et al., 2012) and history of pulmonary tuberculosis (Byrne et al., 2015) . STAHR II was a prospective cohort study in which community-recruited PWID who had injected at least once in the prior month (actively injecting) were enrolled in 2012-2014, and J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f followed for two years through semi-annual follow-up visits to determine the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), HIV, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among PWID in San Diego, CA. Interviews collected information about potential correlates and known risk factors for OLD including socio-demographics (i.e., age, gender, race/ethnicity, homelessness), smoking status, lifetime and recent drug use and injection behaviors, symptoms and previous diagnosis of respiratory illness, and healthcare utilization. doi = 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108158 id = cord-265655-s5c7r6ix author = Krendl, Anne C title = The Impact of Sheltering in Place During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Older Adults’ Social and Mental Well-Being date = 2020-08-11 keywords = loneliness; old summary = OBJECTIVES: We examined whether social isolation due to the COVID-19 shelter-in-place orders was associated with greater loneliness and depression for older adults, and, if so, whether declines in social engagement or relationship strength moderated that relationship. Because loneliness negatively affects older adults'' mental and physical health Luo et al., 2012) , the current study examined whether subjective isolation (loneliness) increased under the shelter-in-place orders and, if so, whether this predicted increased depression. One possibility is that social engagement, notably spending less time with their personal social networks during the shelter-in-place orders, would exacerbate the relationship between loneliness and depression among older adults (Hypothesis 2a). To account for potential individual differences in depression, we examined a population of older adults who had completed measures of their personal social networks, mental health, and loneliness 6-9 months prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and again during the pandemic. doi = 10.1093/geronb/gbaa110 id = cord-025246-zah72cd6 author = Lai, Daniel W. L. title = Revisiting Social Work with Older People in Chinese Contexts from a Community Development Lens: When East Meets West date = 2020-03-13 keywords = China; chinese; community; old summary = Based on these theoretical bases, three practice directions are suggested to guide community development at different levels: "aging in place," "age-friendly community," and "gray power." In particular, social workers need to adapt community development approaches to Chinese cultural contexts. Focusing on the experience of older people in different Chinese contexts, including Chinese older adults in Chinese societies and older Chinese migrants residing in non-Chinese societies, this chapter will discuss the alignment of community development and its application in social work practice with older people, with attention to the influence of sociocultural context. Finally, social workers can facilitate the involvement of older people in developing AFCs, which is important because it can support greater responsiveness to community needs, capacity building, and empowerment, as well as enhanced use of existing and new programs and services (Scharlach and Lehning 2016) . Social workers can apply the practice of community development in working with Chinese older people, representing an approach to intervention and support that addresses broader systems and structures and focus on empowerment and personal development among aging populations. doi = 10.1007/978-981-13-6969-8_13 id = cord-283779-mudwcypl author = Lauretani, Fulvio title = Assessment and treatment of older individuals with COVID-19 multi-system disease: clinical and ethical implications date = 2020-05-11 keywords = ARDS; COVID-19; SARS; clinical; infection; old; patient; phase summary = The chronic increase in inflammatory cytokines, augmented by COVID-19 infection, may explain the higher tendency for "the cascade leading to pulmonary fibrosis and insufficiency and activation of clotting" and poorer clinical prognosis, especially in multimorbid older persons (4) . In case of persistent fever, higher than 37.5°C for a time longer than 3 days and peripheral oxygen level lower than 95% after starting therapy, we should consider and proceed to hospitalization especially in multimorbid older patients with cardiac, respiratory diseases and diabetes. First, patients at risk for poor outcomes and higher mortality following infection with SARS-CoV-2, namely older adults and multimorbid individuals, should be checked for malnutrition through screening and assessment. Older patients infected by COVID-19 often experience atypical and less severe symptoms in older persons, side-effects of the drugs and require specific nutritional and motor treatment for avoiding disability and death. doi = 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9629 id = cord-281877-r1y1hz4q author = Lavretsky, Helen title = Scientific Autobiography of a Spiritual Seeker in the Year of Hindsight''s 20/20.: “Was I deceived, or did a sable cloud Turn forth her silver lining on the night?” John Milton “Comus” (1634) date = 2020-08-11 keywords = old; research; study summary = have been a big part of my spiritual journey focused on seeking to understand the true nature of human mental and emotional suffering and resilience, where all life events are assumed to provide valuable lessons and "silver linings" that ensure individual and collective evolution of consciousness. I also learned to use the intervention studies to understand brain mechanisms of treatment response, while developing novel pharmacological and behavioral interventions and mastering advanced research tools like neuroimaging, genetics, inflammatory markers (9) (10) (11) (12) . We hope to empower our patients to take control of their own health and learn resilience-building tools to allow for self-regulation during these difficult times and for stress-related psychiatric disorders. However, providing patients with the ability to learn about their own strengths and utilize their lifestyle choices and spirituality to improve treatment outcomes is another powerful therapeutic and preventive approach to neuropsychiatric diseases of late life, such as depression, caregiver stress and dementia. doi = 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.08.002 id = cord-258915-lgee3ers author = Liddle, Jennifer title = Connecting at Local Level: Exploring Opportunities for Future Design of Technology to Support Social Connections in Age-friendly Communities date = 2020-07-31 keywords = local; old; participant; people; social; technology summary = In drawing together participants'' ideas about spaces, processes and mechanisms that might address these local challenges, we conclude the paper with implications that offer scope for further exploration and consideration in terms of how technology might support the operationalisation of local people''s ideas for improving face-to-face connections in age-friendly community settings. As described earlier, the interview data were coded to explore (a) opportunities to improve connections at a local level, i.e., factors that had the potential to impact negatively on people''s geographically proximate social relationships in terms of quality, quantity or satisfaction; and (b) participants'' engagement with technology in relation to their social lives generally. As described earlier, the interview data were coded to explore (a) opportunities to improve connections at a local level, i.e., factors that had the potential to impact negatively on people''s geographically proximate social relationships in terms of quality, quantity or satisfaction; and (b) participants'' engagement with technology in relation to their social lives generally. doi = 10.3390/ijerph17155544 id = cord-034435-yp0gfl47 author = Medetalibeyoglu, A. title = Older Adults Hospitalized with Covid-19: Clinical Characteristics and Early Outcomes from a Single Center in Istanbul, Turkey date = 2020-10-08 keywords = covid-19; old; patient summary = We aimed to describe clinical characteristics and early outcomes of the older Covid-19 patients hospitalized in our center comparatively with the younger patients, and also to analyze the triage factors that were related to the in-hospital mortality of older adults. MEASUREMENTS: The demographic information; associated comorbidities; presenting clinical, laboratory, radiological characteristics on admission and outcomes from the electronic medical records were analyzed comparatively between the younger (<65 years) and older (≥65 years) adults. The Data are given as median (interquartile range) for the continuous variables and as counts (%) for the categorical variables; The cut-offs of the laboratory parameters were designated by † the local laboratory thresholds and ‡ the suggestion of diagnostic and treatment guidelines for SARS-CoV-2 issued by the Turkish National Scientific Committee directed by the Turkish Ministry of Health (17); Admission laboratory studies were selected to be included here based on their relevance to the characterization of Covid-19 patients (5); CT: computerized tomography, ProBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, TnT: high sensitive troponin T; *statistically significant median age for older adults (≥65 years) was 73 years (IQR, 68-81 range, 65-90). doi = 10.1007/s12603-020-1499-9 id = cord-292878-wbfi0v2x author = Merchant, Reshma A. title = The Role of a Geriatrician has Become Even More Important in an Academic Institution during COVID-19 date = 2020-05-13 keywords = covid-19; old summary = Geriatricians worldwide continue to face different challenges including the reduction of the number of specialist geriatric units to augment manpower in managing COVID-19 patients (1, 2). While a lot of the resources are being channelled to manage the increasing numbers of COVID-19 patients, frail older adults with multimorbidity continue to be admitted with very complex needs. Patients admitted to NUH are primarily those with fever and / or fulfilling the Singapore Ministry of Health case definition of COVID-19 requiring isolation or specialist input, while the rest of the patients are transferred to a nearby hospital which is part of the same cluster. Prior to the circuit breaker measures, we had a large group of older adults participating in Healthy Ageing Promotion Program For You (HAPPY) dual task exercise in the community. The presence of the geriatrician across settings from acute hospitals to the community is important in ensuring that older adults receive the best care and are not marginalised during the COVID-19 wave. doi = 10.1007/s12603-020-1387-3 id = cord-294115-7t7kubf6 author = Miralles, Oriol title = Unmet needs, health policies, and actions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from six European countries date = 2020-10-15 keywords = COVID-19; March; SARS; care; health; old summary = The information collected from the six national reports was pulled together and discussed following the key priorities for action outlined in the UN Policy Brief: (1) Right to health and the participation in the decision-making process; (2) Social inclusion and solidarity under conditions of physical distancing; (3) Necessity of adequate, correctly funded care and support services for older adults; and (4) Need to expand participation by older adults, share good practice and harness knowledge and data [4] . In the Frenchspeaking region, the "Plan d''Urgence Hospitalier" was launched on 14th March and focused on ensuring distribution of hospital equipment, including personal protective equipment (PPE), and human resources (e.g., by reduction/ Impact of COVID-19 on health inequity: On 25th May, Belgium had reported 5734 people with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in long-term care facilities (LTCF). doi = 10.1007/s41999-020-00415-x id = cord-034443-rptylxmw author = Morley, John E. title = COVID-19 — The Long Road to Recovery date = 2020-10-05 keywords = COVID-19; old; person summary = Older persons who underwent lockdown with the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to have decreased their exercise and developed sarcopenia. In view of the multiple complications associated with "long Covid" it is essential that during recovery older persons are carefully followed by physicians and other health professionals. It is suggested that at discharge from hospital and at 3 months discharge from hospital all COVID-19 patients are screened for frailty with the FRAIL test (48) (49) (50) (51) , sarcopenia with the SARC-F (52-55), anorexia with the SNAQ (56, 57) and cognitive failure with the Rapid Cognitive Screen (RCS) (58) . The association between frailty and severe disease among COVID-19 patients aged over 60 years in China: A prospective cohort study Increased risk of acute stroke among patient with severe COVID-19: A multicenter study and meta-analysis Effects of exercise interventions on the functional status of acutely hospitalized older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis doi = 10.1007/s12603-020-1497-y id = cord-253900-ftwuybud author = Mulas, Ilaria title = Clinical assessment of gait and functional mobility in Italian healthy and cognitively impaired older persons using wearable inertial sensors date = 2020-09-25 keywords = cognitive; gait; old; tug summary = METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study performed on 213 adults aged over 65 years (mean age 77.0 ± 5.4; 62% female) who underwent cognitive assessment (through Addenbrooke''s Cognitive Examination Revised, ACE-R) instrumental gait analysis and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test carried out using a wearable IMU located in the lower back. It is to be noted that the quantitative assessment of gait and functional mobility parameters in older persons with or without cognitive impairment are usually performed with a variety of methods ranging from the use of a simple stopwatch (suitable for calculating gait speed and recording TUG time) to more sophisticated equipment such as optical motion capture systems and electronic walkways that provide data on several spatio-temporal and kinematic parameters [26] [27] [28] . doi = 10.1007/s40520-020-01715-9 id = cord-338049-en9ktl4s author = Naarding, P. title = COVID-19: clinical challenges in Dutch Geriatric Psychiatry date = 2020-05-27 keywords = covid-19; old summary = After a brief timeline of the Dutch situation and our management strategy to adapt geriatric mental health care, we present a case-series to illustrate the specific challenges for geriatric psychiatrists. A brief timeline of the Dutch situation and our management strategy to adapt geriatric mental health care is presented below, followed by a case-series to illustrate the specific challenges facing geriatric psychiatrists. Many aspects of mental health care facilities make older patients with psychiatric disorders susceptible to the rapid spread of COVID-19 [5] . To comply with national policies on the spread of COVID-19 and protect geriatric psychiatric patients, specific COVID-19 isolation units with 5-9 beds were set up in most mental health centers. The case-vignettes described above illustrate the immediate clinical challenges we faced in our mental health services for older people during the initial weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak in the Netherlands. doi = 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.05.019 id = cord-313218-4rbxdimf author = Narushima, Miya title = “Fiercely independent”: Experiences of aging in the right place of older women living alone with physical limitations date = 2020-09-09 keywords = Canada; age; home; old; participant summary = However, we also found that older women are largely silent about their needs, and that experiences varied depending on life histories, health conditions, and the availability of supports in their wider environment (home care, alternative housing options, accessible transportation, opportunities for social and physical activities). Comparing the 2011 and 2016 censuses, the ratio of people aged 65 and older living in "collective dwellings" (e.g., assisted living, supportive housing, retirement residences, seniors'' apartments, continuum care facilities, and nursing homes) has dropped from 7.9% to 6.9% (Garner, Tanuseputro, Manuel, & Sanmartin, 2018; Statistics Canada, 2012) . For example, in a public guide issued by the federal government, "aging in place" is defined as "having access to services and the health and social supports and services you need to live safely and independently in your home or your community for as long as you wish and are able" (Federal/Provincial/Territorial Ministers Responsible for Seniors, 2015, p.1). doi = 10.1016/j.jaging.2020.100875 id = cord-340117-14bmab0n author = Navarrete‐Reyes, Ana Patricia title = Staying in a Burning House: Perks and Perils of a Hotline in the Times of COVID‐19 date = 2020-05-05 keywords = Mexico; old summary = Since the best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to be well informed about the virus, the disease it causes, and how it spreads, the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán''s (INCMNSZ) geriatric medicine department has made a hotline available to field older adults'' inquiries about COVID-19 ( Figure 1 ). Due to the fact that the INCMNSZ, a public tertiary care center in Mexico City, Mexico, has recently become a designated care site for COVID-19, most outpatient clinics are on hold or working via telephone call or telemedicine, allowing medical staff to answer the hotline queries for now. In 10 days, I have received 64 calls and text messages about and from older adults. For instance, I received a message from a worried young woman whose 80-year-old grandmother did not want to comply with preventive social distancing. doi = 10.1111/jgs.16479 id = cord-329344-06uk5sjp author = Neumann-Podczaska, Agnieszka title = COVID 19 - Clinical Picture in the Elderly Population: A Qualitative Systematic Review date = 2020-07-23 keywords = covid-19; old; patient; study summary = In the following study, we constructed a systematic review to concisely summarize the clinical features, comorbidities, radiological/laboratory findings, and outcomes in the older adults. Only older individuals (≥60 years old) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were of interest in this review, hence any study that did not clearly separate the data according to this age bracket was excluded. Once the relevant studies were isolated, the two reviewers extracted the data independently into a standardized form with the following subheadings: paper Aging and Disease • Volume 11, Number 4, August 2020 990 information (such as publication date, number of patients, country, and gender), symptoms, comorbidities, laboratory findings, radiographic findings, complications, treatment, and outcome. Studies comparing data from solely dead vs discharged patients, were excluded from review estimation of mortality rate due to unclear total hospitalized elderly COVID-19 population [13, 25] . doi = 10.14336/ad.2020.0620 id = cord-253735-0wi67tuw author = Niu, Shengmei title = Clinical characteristics of older patients infected with COVID-19: A descriptive study date = 2020-04-10 keywords = covid-19; old summary = A confirmed case was defined as a suspected cases with the laboratory test for the 2019-nCoV virus from the respiratory specimens show positive result by means of real-time reverse-transcriptionpolymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay, while a suspected case was defined as a case that fulfilled both the following criteria: clinical have fever, radiographic evidence of pneumonia, low or normal white-cell count or low lymphocyte count; and the epidemic history have a travel to Wuhan or direct contact with patients from Wuhan who have fever or respiratory symptoms within 14 days before illness according to the new coronavirus pneumonial diagnosis and treatment program (3id ed.) which were published by the National Health Commission of China. We collected the data on the demographic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory tests, diagnosis types, cluster cases and outcomes of COVID-19 infection in elderly patients, and categorized into three groups and compared the difference between middle aged 50-64years, aged 65-79 years and older than 80 years. doi = 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104058 id = cord-354105-lgkfnmcm author = Office, Emma E. title = Reducing Social Isolation of Seniors during COVID-19 through Medical Student Telephone Contact date = 2020-06-05 keywords = Social; old summary = We 2 describe a phone call outreach program in which health care professional student volunteers 3 phoned older adults, living in long-term care facilities and the community, at risk of social 4 isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. We 2 describe a phone call outreach program in which health care professional student volunteers 3 phoned older adults, living in long-term care facilities and the community, at risk of social 4 isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. We created a phone call outreach program, Seniors Overcoming Social Isolation (SOS), in 48 which medical and health professions student volunteers (e.g. MD, MD/PhD, Neuroscience, 49 Genetic Counseling) called older adults, living in long-term-care facilities (LTCF) and the 50 community, at risk of social isolation during COVID-19. To reduce social isolation, we present a practical intervention leveraging health professions 112 graduate students contacting older adults and residents of independent and assisted living by 113 phone. doi = 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.06.003 id = cord-285521-lvzdmtun author = Olagundoye, Olawunmi title = Recommendations for a national Coronavirus disease 2019 response guideline for the care of older persons in Nigeria during and post-pandemic: A family physician’s perspective date = 2020-08-11 keywords = COVID-19; old summary = title: Recommendations for a national Coronavirus disease 2019 response guideline for the care of older persons in Nigeria during and post-pandemic: A family physician''s perspective Based on currently available information, older persons and people of any age who have serious underlying medical conditions may be at higher risk of severe illness from COVID-19. Based on currently available information, older persons and people of any age who have serious underlying medical conditions may be at higher risk of severe illness from COVID-19. Keywords: COVID-19; the elderly; prevention; national health policy; older persons. 6. Inclusion of the older persons/senior citizens amongst the selected population groups that deserve specific guidelines on the NCDC website addressing their peculiar needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. We must revise our practices around the care of older persons during this pandemic, both clinically and socially, to ensure that our most vulnerable populations are protected. doi = 10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2512 id = cord-325026-k514rh8g author = Parlapani, Eleni title = Intolerance of Uncertainty and Loneliness in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-19 keywords = COVID-19; Greece; loneliness; old summary = The survey included sociodemographic questions and six psychometric scales: the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), the Brief Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS-12), and the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (JGLS). As a result, restriction measures deprived older adults of the opportunity to socialize with their peers, compromising psychological wellbeing by bringing on isolation, a condition posing a great risk for depression, anxiety (43) , as well as loneliness (10) . Taking available literature into account, the study aimed to investigate the psychological impact of COVID-19, that is, fear, depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as sleep disturbances, on older individuals. The awareness that increased age is a risk factor for COVID-19related mortality, together with the restriction of family and social contacts due to quarantine measures, had a psychological impact on older adults during the pandemic (79) . doi = 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00842 id = cord-274858-rx7dlpid author = Payne, Brian K. title = Criminals Work from Home during Pandemics Too: a Public Health Approach to Respond to Fraud and Crimes against those 50 and above date = 2020-06-06 keywords = FTC; abuse; fraud; old summary = title: Criminals Work from Home during Pandemics Too: a Public Health Approach to Respond to Fraud and Crimes against those 50 and above In particular, crimes typically targeting older adults include fraud, elder abuse, and patient abuse. With grandparent scams, offenders tell older persons that their children or grandchildren are facing a coronavirus emergency and funds are needed to help their offspring. Table 4 shows the age patterns with specific coronavirus frauds where victims mentioned the pandemic in filing their report to the Federal Trade Commission through April 23, 2020. Interestingly, the risk and protective factors for the victimization of older adults align closely with the direct consequences of COVID-19, suggesting that for some types of crimes and age groups, the risk of crime actually increased. As well, a strategy used by the Federal Trade Commission is blogging about coronavirus to share information about fraud risks for older adults. doi = 10.1007/s12103-020-09532-6 id = cord-259560-mmz5vn0q author = Price, Sarah title = Trends in time to cancer diagnosis around the period of changing national guidance on referral of symptomatic patients: A serial cross-sectional study using UK electronic healthcare records from 2006–17 date = 2020-09-09 keywords = new; nice; old summary = We also hypothesised that the difference in time to diagnosis between New-NICE and Old-NICE groups would reduce over time, as evidence on vague cancer features emerged and was translated into practice by guidance revision [2, 15] . This serial, cross-sectional, primary-care study used UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD GOLD) with linked National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service (NCRAS, Set 15) data. Semiparametric varying-coefficient analyses were limited to cancer sites with participant numbers providing ≥90 % power at the 5 % level to detect a 14-day difference in diagnostic interval between New-NICE and Old-NICE groups. Median diagnostic intervals were longer for New-NICE than for Old-NICE participants for colorectal (70 vs 51 days), oesophageal (77 vs 55 days), and lung (139⋅5 vs 124 days) cancers; however, this difference tended to decrease or disappear over time (Fig. 3) . doi = 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101805 id = cord-034438-9kdmljoq author = Sepúlveda-Loyola, W. title = Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Health in Older People: Mental and Physical Effects and Recommendations date = 2020-09-25 keywords = COVID-19; old; physical; social summary = title: Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Health in Older People: Mental and Physical Effects and Recommendations OBJECTIVES: To review the impact of social isolation during COVID-19 pandemic on mental and physical health of older people and the recommendations for patients, caregivers and health professionals. MEASUREMENTS: Articles since 2019 to 2020 published on Pubmed, Scielo and Google Scholar databases with the following MeSh terms (''COVID-19'', ''coronavirus'', ''aging'', ''older people'', ''elderly'', ''social isolation'' and ''quarantine'') in English, Spanish or Portuguese were included. Thus, the decreasing of social interaction produced by social distancing could have a negative impact on mental and physical health in older people (22) (23) (24) , since it has limited the social participation in community organizations and in family activities (23, 25) . Hence, the aim of this review is to analyse the potential effects of social isolation caused by COVID-19 pandemic on mental and physical health in older adults. doi = 10.1007/s12603-020-1500-7 id = cord-338332-msjtncek author = Sharifian, Neika title = Social Relationships and Adaptation in Later Life date = 2020-09-18 keywords = adult; health; old; relation; social; study summary = While the convoy model provides a heuristic framework within which to understand the causes and consequences of social relations over the life course, SST focuses on the individual''s time perspective and what motivates social interactions while the SAVI model specifies a common strategy among older adults used to maintain high levels of well-being through emotion regulation and avoidance of conflict. An examination of the influence of early parental relationship quality on cognitive health outcomes by Sharifian and colleagues revealed that respondents from a nationally representative U.S. sample of older adults who reported higher retrospective maternal relationship quality showed less decline in episodic memory over time through reduced loneliness and depressive symptoms. Indeed, prior cross-sectional research in a nationally representative sample of American older adults has shown that the use of social technologies in later life was associated with better psychological and physical health outcomes, and these associations were mediated by lower levels of loneliness (Chopik, 2016) . doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00016-9 id = cord-303131-hnfu49x7 author = Shaygan, Maryam title = Considerations for Mitigation of the Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 in Older Adults date = 2020-07-17 keywords = old summary = Therefore, stakeholders and health policymakers should take measures to prevent the potential mental health problems that might arise in older adults who are quarantined during the COVID-19 outbreak. Here are some suggestions to help mitigate the consequences of quarantine among Shaygan M, Bahadori F ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir older adults: Moreover, Internet-based services, smartphones, social media (e.g. WhatsApp), and electronic books are not widely available to older adults. Therefore, governments and community-based health services should provide enough information about the disease via mass media, such as radio and television, which are most accessible to the elderly. Health services must also communicate adequate information to older adults in quarantine about what to do in the case of developing illness symptoms. Some strategies that stakeholders and health policy-makers should implement to provide effective services to older adults who are quarantined at home during the COVID-19 pandemic are suggested in the present article. Mental health services for older adults in China during the COVID-19 outbreak doi = 10.30476/ijcbnm.2020.86362.1340 id = cord-278423-tluo3ztc author = Strozza, Cosmo title = Health profiles and socioeconomic characteristics of nonagenarians residing in Mugello, a rural area in Tuscany (Italy) date = 2020-08-15 keywords = LCA; Mugello; health; old summary = METHODS: Latent Class Analysis with covariates was applied to the Mugello Study data to identify health profiles among the 504 nonagenarians residing in the Mugello district (Tuscany, Italy) and to evaluate the association between socioeconomic characteristics and the health profiles resulting from the analysis. RESULTS: This study highlights four groups labeled according to the posterior probability of determining a certain health characteristic: "healthy", "physically healthy with cognitive impairment", "unhealthy", and "severely unhealthy". To capture the heterogeneity of health status and evaluate the social disparities among individuals, researchers suggest the use of latent class analysis (LCA) as a person-centered approach [11] [12] [13] . To capture the heterogeneity of the health status among the oldest-old individuals, we supposed that Mugello''s nonagenarians could belong to unobserved or latent classes according to their health characteristics. doi = 10.1186/s12877-020-01689-3 id = cord-309267-ihc7h8ik author = Vervaecke, Deanna title = Caremongering and Assumptions of Need: The Spread of Compassionate Ageism During COVID-19 date = 2020-09-12 keywords = COVID-19; ageism; old summary = We offer the ''caremongering'' movement, a social movement driven by social media to help individuals impacted by COVID-19, as a case study example that illustrates how compassionate ageism has manifested during the pandemic. In the case of compassionate ageism (also known as benevolent ageism), so-called positive or warm perceptions of older people are combined with attributes of incompetence, frailty, dependence, passivity, and victimhood (Binstock, 1985; Cary, Chasteen, & Remedios, 2017; Marier & Revelli, 2017) , reflecting the mixed content of age stereotypes. The presumed ownership of the "elderly" stems from compassionate ageism and mixed age stereotypes which position older individuals as worthy of, and dependent upon, the support of younger people. Given that many younger individuals often adjust their behavior when interacting with older people according to age stereotypes they hold (O"Connor & St. Pierre, 2004) , it is likely that those engaging in helping behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as caremongering, are doing so in ways that have long-term implications for older recipients of this help. doi = 10.1093/geront/gnaa131 id = cord-331378-3nqn48z7 author = Wand, Anne Pamela Frances title = COVID-19: the implications for suicide in older adults date = 2020-04-30 keywords = covid-19; old summary = The COVID-19 pandemic compounds this and other preexisting trauma in older adults, further contributing to risk of suicide and mental illness, and in addition to the "parallel epidemic" of anxiety, depression, and fear in the general community (Yao et al., 2020) . Continuity of access to mental health care (secondary and tertiary prevention) Community older persons'' mental health services should review their patient lists and screen for (Reger et al., 2020) or otherwise identify clients who are especially vulnerable to mental illness and suicide (e.g. those who live alone, were already socially isolated, have chronic medical comorbidities or functional disability, are currently unwell, or who are at risk of relapse) and institute regular welfare checks and enhanced follow-up. Informal and professional services have a role in reducing social isolationa factor increasing suicide riskin older people during the COVID-19 pandemic. This model of proactive connection of older adults with health services via phone could be used to provide home assistance to older people at risk of suicide through social isolation, and/or psychological or physical illness. doi = 10.1017/s1041610220000770 id = cord-016301-vqmqnipq author = Winnick, Aaron M. title = Elderly Transplant Recipients date = 2011-01-25 keywords = age; old; patient; recipient; transplantation; year summary = Current success in transplanting kidneys into older recipients has quieted misconceptions within medical communities and the general public, among them the erroneous belief that advanced age alone prevents a successful surgical outcome, that the elderly patient with ESRD has a very limited life expectancy, and thus cannot receive a transplant, and that older recipients have poor results based upon outdated information from the previous era of transplantation and immunosuppression. While ECD kidneys carry a relative risk of graft failure greater than 1.7 compared to a reference group of donors aged 10-39 years without any of the above three conditions, elderly recipients of ECD kidneys were found to have a survival benefit compared with waiting-list candidates (RR = 0.75; 95% CI 0.65-0.86; p < 0.0001) [8] . One study evaluated 91 transplant recipients over the age of 60 over a 13-year span and reported a 10-year patient survival of 35% in the elderly group and 60% in the younger patients ( p < 0.05). doi = 10.1007/978-1-4419-6999-6_98 id = cord-318977-4ng6gxpv author = Zittoun, Tania title = The relevance of a sociocultural perspective for understanding learning and development in older age date = 2020-09-26 keywords = Zittoun; age; life; old; people summary = To develop such a theoretical frame, we draw on a sociocultural psychology of learning and development, which so far has been mainly focused on children, young adults and adults, as well as on the growing field of anthropological (Droz-Mendelzweig, 2013; Lieblich, 2014; Sarason, 2011) , critical gerontology, sociological and narrative approaches (Freeman, 2011; Gubrium, 1995 Gubrium, , 2011 , and clinical studies of the lives of older people (Aumont & Coconnier, 2016; Bergeret-Amselek, 2016; Gutton, 2016; Quinodoz, 2008; Villa, 2010) . Sociocultural psychology is a theoretical approach to human experience and development that considers the mutual constitution of the person and their social and cultural world, as these dynamics are located in time and space; it also gives a central role to human experience and sense-making (Cole, 1996; Rosa & Valsiner, 2018; Valsiner, 2012; Wertsch, 1998) . Hence, at a sociogenetic level, we call for a careful analysis of the historical evolution and local specificities of the dominant discourses on ageing persons, the institutional arrangements setting conditions for older people''s lives, and the differentiated dynamics of social inclusion and exclusion of elderly persons. doi = 10.1016/j.lcsi.2020.100453 id = cord-011062-ukz4hnmy author = nan title = Poster date = 2020-03-11 keywords = BMI; Center; DXA; Department; Fried; Geriatric; Group; Health; Hospital; Index; Japan; MNA; SPPB; Sarcopenia; University; adult; age; background; frailty; low; method; muscle; objective; old; patient; physical; result; study; year summary = Ming-Yueh Chou 1,3 , Ying-Hsin Hsu 1 , Yu-Chun Wang 1 , Chih-Kuang Liang 1,3 , Li-Ning Peng 2,4 , Liang-Kung Chen 2,4 , Yu-Te Lin 1 ((1) Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; (2) Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; (3) Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; (4) Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan) Background: Older people with frailty are at risk of adverse outcomes, such as falls, functional decline and mortality, and multi-domain intervention program may prevent those. Conclusion: Our study showed that a multicomponent exercise program is effective for posthospitalization patients because after 24-week intervention there were significant reductions in frailty and improving results in muscle strength and physical performance. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 757 communitydwelling older adults who completed multi-domain geriatric screen assessing for social vulnerability, mood, cognition, functional performance, nutrition, physical frailty (FRAIL) and sarcopenia (SARC-F). doi = 10.14283/jfa.2020.9