id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-022216-k4pi30sd	Kliegman, Robert M.	Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis	2009-05-15		.txt	text/plain	6110	329	32	Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a disease of unknown origin that predominantly affects premature infants in level II, or more often level III, neonatal intensive care units during the infant's convalescence from the common cardiopulmonary disorders associated with prematurity. 1, 7 Indeed, NEC is the most common cause of gastrointestinal perforation (followed by isolated idiopathic focal intestinal perforation) and acquired short bowel syndrome among patients in the neonatal intensive care unit. 1, 12 Although NEC is noted predominantly in premature neonates, approximately 10% of cases occur in nearly full-term or full-term infants whose preceding risk factors have included polycythemia, cyanotic heart disease or heart disease producing low cardiac output (before or after surgery), chronic diarrhea, endocrine disorders (hypothyroidism, panhypopituitarism, congenital adrenal hyperplasia) or a prior anatomic obstructive gastrointestinal malformation (volvulus or gastroschisis). 1, 12, 14 Alternatively, direct pharmacologic effects of an agent on systemic host defense (vitamin E), motility (morphine) or regional blood flow (indomethacin) may result in mucosal injury, increasing the risks for NEC in susceptible neonates.	./cache/cord-022216-k4pi30sd.txt	./txt/cord-022216-k4pi30sd.txt