id author title date pages extension mime words sentences flesch summary cache txt cord-298787-4vo9gpiu Frost, Holly M. Epidemiology and Clinical Presentation of Parainfluenza Type 4 in Children: A 3-Year Comparative Study to Parainfluenza Types 1–3 2013-10-16 .txt text/plain 3897 238 51 A retrospective chart review and comparison of patients positive for HPIV types 1–4 by multiplex polymerase chain reaction between 2009 and 2012 at Children's Hospital Colorado was performed. Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are among the most common causes of acute respiratory tract infections in children [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] . However, these studies have primarily been conducted outside North America and are limited by small sample sizes and often included patients with concurrent respiratory viral infections, making it difficult to assess the true clinical significance or epidemiology of HPIV-4 in pediatric patients. Previous studies have implicated HPIV-4 as a cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children, but have not definitively demonstrated its epidemiology secondary to limited sample sizes [12, 18] . The study was performed at a large tertiary care children's hospital, most likely selecting the more seriously ill patients with HPIV infections. ./cache/cord-298787-4vo9gpiu.txt ./txt/cord-298787-4vo9gpiu.txt