id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-301342-ikvpkhfp	Xue, Katherine S	Parallel evolution of influenza across multiple spatiotemporal scales	2017-06-27		.txt	text/plain	6104	301	50	Viral variants that arise in the global influenza population begin as de novo mutations in single infected hosts, but the evolutionary dynamics that transform within-host variation to global genetic diversity are poorly understood. Recent deep-sequencing studies of human clinical samples suggest that influenza accumulates relatively limited genetic diversity within hosts during most acute infections (Dinis et al., 2016; Poon et al., 2016; Sobel Leonard et al., 2016; Debbink et al., 2017) , in line with earlier studies in dogs and horses Hoelzer et al., 2010) . We sequenced the full viral genome to high coverage directly from patient nasal wash samples by using influenza-specific reverse transcription and PCR (Hoffmann et al., 2001) to enrich for viral genetic material (Figure 2-figure supplement 1). Strikingly, many of the HA mutations that arise in parallel in multiple patients in our study also reach a high global frequency, which may reflect concordant antigenic selection at the within-host and global scales.	./cache/cord-301342-ikvpkhfp.txt	./txt/cord-301342-ikvpkhfp.txt