id sid tid token lemma pos cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 1 key key JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 2 : : : cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 3 cord-311521 cord-311521 NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 4 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 5 4calrk5l 4calrk5l CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 6 authors author NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 7 : : : cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 8 Bhar Bhar NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 9 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 10 Ramaprasad Ramaprasad NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 11 ; ; : cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 12 Malliaris Malliaris NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 13 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 14 A.G. A.G. NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 15 title title NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 16 : : : cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 17 Modeling Modeling NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 18 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 19 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 20 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 21 during during IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 22 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 23 global global JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 24 financial financial JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 25 crisis crisis NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 26 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 27 lessons lesson NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 28 for for IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 29 covid-19 covid-19 NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 32 date date NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 33 : : : cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 34 2020 2020 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 35 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 36 08 08 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 37 - - SYM cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 38 30 30 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 39 journal journal NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 40 : : : cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 41 J J NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 42 Policy Policy NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 43 Model Model NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 44 DOI DOI NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 45 : : : cord-311521-4calrk5l 1 46 10.1016/ 10.1016/ CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 2 1 j.jpolmod.2020.07.001 j.jpolmod.2020.07.001 UH cord-311521-4calrk5l 2 2 sha sha XX cord-311521-4calrk5l 2 3 : : : cord-311521-4calrk5l 3 1 0f6c546bfee9fa674b952f12dca712a611704f24 0f6c546bfee9fa674b952f12dca712a611704f24 LS cord-311521-4calrk5l 3 2 doc_id doc_id CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 3 3 : : : cord-311521-4calrk5l 4 1 311521 311521 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 4 2 cord_uid cord_uid NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 4 3 : : : cord-311521-4calrk5l 4 4 4calrk5l 4calrk5l . cord-311521-4calrk5l 5 1 The the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 5 2 paper paper NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 5 3 formulates formulate VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 5 4 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 5 5 modeling modeling NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 5 6 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 5 7 unconventional unconventional JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 5 8 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 5 9 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 5 10 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 5 11 critically critically RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 5 12 evaluates evaluate VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 5 13 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 5 14 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 5 15 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 5 16 address address VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 5 17 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 5 18 Global Global NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 5 19 Financial Financial NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 5 20 Crisis Crisis NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 5 21 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 2 begin begin VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 3 with with IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 4 certain certain JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 5 principles principle NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 6 guiding guide VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 7 general general JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 8 scientific scientific JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 9 modeling modeling NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 10 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 11 focus focus NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 12 on on IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 13 Milton Milton NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 14 Friedman Friedman NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 15 's 's POS cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 16 1968 1968 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 17 Presidential Presidential NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 18 Address Address NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 19 that that WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 20 delineates delineate VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 21 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 22 strengths strength NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 23 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 24 limitations limitation NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 25 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 26 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 27 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 28 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 29 pursue pursue VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 30 certain certain JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 31 goals goal NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 6 32 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 1 The the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 2 modeling modeling NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 3 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 4 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 5 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 6 with with IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 7 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 8 novelty novelty NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 9 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 10 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 11 easing easing NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 12 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 13 target target VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 14 unusually unusually RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 15 high high JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 16 unemployment unemployment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 17 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 18 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 19 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 20 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 21 Markov Markov NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 22 switching switch VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 23 econometric econometric JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 24 model model NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 25 using use VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 26 monthly monthly JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 27 data datum NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 28 for for IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 29 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 30 period period NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 31 2002 2002 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 32 - - SYM cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 33 2015 2015 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 7 34 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 2 conclude conclude VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 3 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 4 relating relate VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 5 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 6 lessons lesson NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 7 learned learn VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 8 from from IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 9 unconventional unconventional JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 10 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 11 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 12 during during IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 13 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 14 Global Global NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 15 Financial Financial NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 16 Crisis Crisis NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 17 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 18 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 19 recent recent JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 20 bold bold JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 21 initiatives initiative NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 22 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 23 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 24 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 25 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 26 mitigate mitigate VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 27 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 28 economic economic JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 29 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 30 financial financial JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 31 impact impact NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 32 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 33 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 34 Covid-19 covid-19 JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 35 pandemic pandemic NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 36 on on IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 37 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 38 households household NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 39 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 40 businesses business NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 8 41 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 1 The the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 2 Federal Federal NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 3 Reserve Reserve NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 4 Act Act NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 5 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 6 1913 1913 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 7 established establish VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 8 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 9 U. U. NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 10 S. S. NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 11 Central Central NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 12 Bank Bank NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 13 called call VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 14 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 15 Federal Federal NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 16 Reserve Reserve NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 17 System System NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 18 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 19 charged charge VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 21 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 22 design design VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 23 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 24 national national JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 25 currency currency NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 26 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 27 conduct conduct VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 28 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 29 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 30 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 31 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 32 promote promote VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 33 financial financial JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 34 stability stability NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 9 35 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 1 In in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 2 1977 1977 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 3 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 4 Congress Congress NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 5 amended amend VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 6 The the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 7 Federal Federal NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 8 Reserve Reserve NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 9 Act Act NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 10 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 11 stating state VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 12 explicitly explicitly RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 13 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 14 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 15 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 16 objectives objective NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 17 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 18 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 19 Federal Federal NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 20 Reserve Reserve NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 21 as as IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 22 : : : cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 23 Committee Committee NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 24 shall shall MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 25 maintain maintain VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 26 long long JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 27 run run NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 28 growth growth NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 29 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 30 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 31 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 32 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 33 credit credit NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 34 aggregates aggregate NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 35 commensurate commensurate VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 36 with with IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 37 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 38 economy economy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 39 's 's POS cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 40 long long JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 41 run run NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 42 potential potential NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 43 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 44 increase increase VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 45 production production NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 46 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 47 so so IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 48 as as IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 49 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 50 promote promote VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 51 effectively effectively RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 52 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 53 goals goal NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 54 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 55 maximum maximum JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 56 employment employment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 57 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 58 stable stable JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 59 prices price NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 60 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 61 moderate moderate JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 62 long long JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 63 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 64 term term NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 65 interest interest NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 66 rates rate NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 67 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 10 68 " " '' cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 1 Among among IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 2 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 3 three three CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 4 goals goal NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 5 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 6 maximum maximum JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 7 employment employment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 8 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 9 stable stable JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 10 prices price NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 11 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 12 moderate moderate JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 13 long long JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 14 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 15 term term NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 16 interest interest NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 17 rates rate NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 18 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 19 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 20 first first JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 21 two two CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 22 have have VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 23 received receive VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 24 precedence precedence NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 25 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 26 thus thus RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 27 most most JJS cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 28 consideration consideration NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 29 over over IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 30 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 31 years year NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 11 32 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 1 For for IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 2 example example NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 3 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 4 during during IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 5 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 6 late late JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 7 1970s 1970 NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 8 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 9 early early JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 10 1980s 1980 NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 11 when when WRB cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 12 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 13 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 14 was be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 15 fighting fight VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 16 inflation inflation NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 17 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 18 long long JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 19 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 20 term term NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 21 interest interest NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 22 rates rate NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 23 had have VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 24 approached approach VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 25 very very RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 26 high high JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 27 levels level NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 28 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 29 around around RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 30 20 20 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 31 % % NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 32 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 33 such such JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 34 elevated elevated JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 35 interest interest NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 36 rates rate NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 37 did do VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 38 not not RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 39 cause cause VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 40 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 41 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 42 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 43 deviate deviate VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 44 from from IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 45 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 46 inflation inflation NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 47 targeting target VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 12 48 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 13 1 The the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 13 2 pursuit pursuit NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 13 3 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 13 4 maximum maximum JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 13 5 employment employment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 13 6 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 13 7 price price NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 13 8 stability stability NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 13 9 as as IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 13 10 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 13 11 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 13 12 's 's POS cord-311521-4calrk5l 13 13 primary primary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 13 14 goals goal NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 13 15 has have VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 13 16 evolved evolve VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 13 17 into into IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 13 18 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 13 19 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 13 20 's 's POS cord-311521-4calrk5l 13 21 " " `` cord-311521-4calrk5l 13 22 dual dual JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 13 23 mandate mandate NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 13 24 " " '' cord-311521-4calrk5l 13 25 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 1 This this DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 2 dual dual JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 3 goal goal NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 4 involves involve VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 5 some some DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 6 possible possible JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 7 trade trade NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 8 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 9 offs off NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 10 between between IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 11 inflation inflation NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 12 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 13 unemployment unemployment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 14 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 15 often often RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 16 called call VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 17 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 18 Phillips Phillips NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 19 curve curve NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 20 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 21 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 22 appraisal appraisal NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 23 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 24 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 25 associated associate VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 26 risks risk NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 14 27 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 15 1 For for IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 15 2 example example NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 15 3 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 15 4 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 15 5 fight fight NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 15 6 against against IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 15 7 inflation inflation NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 15 8 during during IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 15 9 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 15 10 1970s 1970 NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 15 11 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 15 12 early early JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 15 13 1980s 1980 NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 15 14 had have VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 15 15 as as IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 15 16 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 15 17 consequence consequence NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 15 18 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 15 19 increase increase NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 15 20 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 15 21 unemployment unemployment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 15 22 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 16 1 More more RBR cord-311521-4calrk5l 16 2 recently recently RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 16 3 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 16 4 after after IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 16 5 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 16 6 Global Global NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 16 7 Financial Financial NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 16 8 Crisis Crisis NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 16 9 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 16 10 2007 2007 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 16 11 - - SYM cord-311521-4calrk5l 16 12 09 09 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 16 13 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 16 14 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 16 15 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 16 16 pursued pursue VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 16 17 maximum maximum JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 16 18 employment employment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 16 19 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 16 20 understanding understand VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 16 21 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 16 22 risks risk NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 16 23 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 16 24 possible possible JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 16 25 inflation inflation NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 16 26 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 17 1 In in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 17 2 this this DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 17 3 paper paper NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 17 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 17 5 accomplish accomplish VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 17 6 four four CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 17 7 goals goal NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 17 8 : : : cord-311521-4calrk5l 17 9 first first RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 17 10 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 17 11 present present VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 17 12 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 17 13 methodological methodological JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 17 14 elements element NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 17 15 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 17 16 M. M. NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 17 17 _SP cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 1 The the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 2 epistimological epistimological JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 3 prominence prominence NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 4 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 5 models model NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 6 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 7 science science NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 8 has have VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 9 increased increase VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 10 significantly significantly RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 11 during during IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 12 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 13 past past JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 14 several several JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 15 decades decade NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 16 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 17 both both DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 18 philosophers philosopher NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 19 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 20 historians historian NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 21 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 22 science science NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 23 have have VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 24 studied study VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 25 these these DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 26 valuable valuable JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 27 tools tool NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 18 28 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 1 Frigg Frigg NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 2 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 3 Hartmann Hartmann NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 5 2018 2018 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 7 present present VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 8 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 9 critical critical JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 10 literature literature NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 11 overview overview NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 12 on on IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 13 models model NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 14 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 15 modelling model VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 16 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 17 science science NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 18 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 19 list list VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 20 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 21 large large JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 22 group group NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 23 such such JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 24 as as IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 25 : : : cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 26 computational computational JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 27 models model NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 28 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 29 developmental developmental JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 30 models model NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 31 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 32 explanatory explanatory JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 33 models model NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 34 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 35 testing testing NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 36 models model NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 37 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 38 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 39 models model NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 40 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 41 heuristic heuristic JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 42 models model NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 43 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 44 mathematical mathematical JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 45 models model NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 46 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 47 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 48 formal formal JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 49 models model NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 50 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 51 among among IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 52 several several JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 53 others other NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 19 54 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 20 1 This this DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 20 2 large large JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 20 3 variety variety NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 20 4 makes make VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 20 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 20 6 difficult difficult JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 20 7 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 20 8 propose propose VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 20 9 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 20 10 uniform uniform JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 20 11 definition definition NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 20 12 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 1 Milton Milton NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 2 Friedman Friedman NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 4 1953 1953 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 6 participated participate VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 7 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 8 debates debate NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 9 about about IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 10 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 11 role role NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 12 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 13 models model NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 14 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 15 economic economic JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 16 methodology methodology NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 17 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 18 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 19 known know VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 20 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 21 have have VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 22 argued argue VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 23 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 24 models model NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 25 should should MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 26 not not RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 27 be be VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 28 judged judge VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 29 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 30 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 31 realism realism NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 32 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 33 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 34 assumptions assumption NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 35 but but CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 36 only only RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 37 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 38 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 39 success success NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 40 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 41 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 42 predictions prediction NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 21 43 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 1 For for IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 3 discussion discussion NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 4 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 5 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 6 model model NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 7 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 8 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 9 conceptual conceptual JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 10 representation representation NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 11 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 12 some some DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 13 aspect aspect NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 14 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 15 reality reality NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 16 we -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 17 wish wish VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 18 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 19 understand understand VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 20 ; ; : cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 21 or or CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 22 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 23 model model NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 24 may may MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 25 highlight highlight VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 26 important important JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 27 connections connection NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 28 among among IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 29 sets set NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 30 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 31 data datum NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 32 representing represent VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 33 certain certain JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 34 variables variable NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 22 35 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 23 1 According accord VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 23 2 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 23 3 Friedman Friedman NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 23 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 23 5 may may MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 23 6 not not RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 23 7 have have VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 23 8 an an DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 23 9 exact exact JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 23 10 set set NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 23 11 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 23 12 J J NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 23 13 o o NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 23 14 u u NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 23 15 r r NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 23 16 n n NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 23 17 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 23 18 l l NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 23 19 P p NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 23 20 r r NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 23 21 e e NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 23 22 -p -p NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 23 23 r r NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 24 1 o o UH cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 1 o o UH cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 2 f f LS cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 3 assumptions assumption NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 4 about about IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 5 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 6 behavior behavior NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 7 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 8 economic economic JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 9 agents agent NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 10 but but CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 11 if if IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 12 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 13 model model NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 14 generates generate VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 15 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 16 testable testable JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 17 prediction prediction NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 18 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 19 offers offer VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 20 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 21 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 22 recommendation recommendation NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 23 then then RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 24 such such PDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 25 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 26 model model NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 27 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 28 useful useful JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 25 29 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 26 1 So so RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 26 2 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 26 3 model model NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 26 4 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 26 5 like like IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 26 6 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 26 7 tool tool NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 26 8 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 27 1 If if IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 27 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 27 3 works work VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 27 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 27 5 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 27 6 useful useful JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 27 7 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 28 1 This this DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 28 2 pragmatic pragmatic JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 28 3 methodology methodology NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 28 4 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 28 5 modeling modeling NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 28 6 suggested suggest VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 28 7 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 28 8 Friedman Friedman NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 28 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 28 10 1953 1953 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 28 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 28 12 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 28 13 carefully carefully RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 28 14 explored explore VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 28 15 methodologically methodologically RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 28 16 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 28 17 Isaac Isaac NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 28 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 28 19 2013 2013 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 28 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 28 21 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 29 1 How how WRB cord-311521-4calrk5l 29 2 have have VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 29 3 economists economist NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 29 4 modeled model VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 29 5 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 29 6 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 29 7 ? ? . cord-311521-4calrk5l 30 1 Keynes Keynes NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 30 2 observed observe VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 30 3 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 30 4 during during IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 30 5 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 30 6 Depression Depression NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 30 7 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 30 8 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 30 9 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 30 10 1930s 1930 NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 30 11 interest interest NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 30 12 rates rate NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 30 13 were be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 30 14 very very RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 30 15 low low JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 30 16 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 30 17 investments investment NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 30 18 were be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 30 19 unresponsive unresponsive JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 30 20 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 2 offered offer VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 3 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 4 model model NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 5 for for IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 6 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 7 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 8 known know VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 9 as as IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 10 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 11 liquidity liquidity NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 12 trap trap NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 13 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 14 argued argue VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 15 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 16 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 17 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 18 under under IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 19 such such JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 20 circumstances circumstance NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 21 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 22 ineffective ineffective JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 23 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 24 can can MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 25 not not RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 26 help help VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 27 an an DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 28 economy economy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 29 overcome overcome VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 30 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 31 depression depression NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 31 32 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 1 Monetarists monetarist NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 2 who who WP cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 3 followed follow VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 4 Keynesians Keynesians NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 5 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 6 early early JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 7 1960s 1960 NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 8 argued argue VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 9 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 10 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 11 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 12 had have VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 13 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 14 major major JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 15 impact impact NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 16 on on IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 17 an an DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 18 economy economy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 19 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 20 played play VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 21 an an DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 22 important important JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 23 role role NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 24 on on IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 25 business business NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 26 cycles cycle NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 27 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 28 exactly exactly RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 29 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 30 opposition opposition NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 31 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 32 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 33 Keynesian keynesian JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 34 model model NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 32 35 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 1 However however RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 2 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 3 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 4 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 5 can can MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 6 prevent prevent VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 7 money money NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 8 itself -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 9 from from IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 10 being be VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 11 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 12 major major JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 13 source source NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 14 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 15 economic economic JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 16 disturbance disturbance NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 17 ; ; : cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 18 offer offer VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 19 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 20 stable stable JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 21 background background NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 22 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 23 expectations expectation NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 24 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 25 offseting offset VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 26 major major JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 27 disturbances disturbance NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 28 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 29 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 30 economic economic JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 31 system system NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 32 arising arise VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 33 from from IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 34 other other JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 35 sources source NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 33 36 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 34 1 How how WRB cord-311521-4calrk5l 34 2 should should MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 34 3 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 34 4 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 34 5 be be VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 34 6 conducted conduct VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 34 7 ? ? . cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 1 Friedman Friedman NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 2 advises advise VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 3 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 4 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 5 most most RBS cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 6 appealing appealing JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 7 guides guide NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 8 for for IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 9 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 10 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 11 are be VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 12 exchange exchange NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 13 rates rate NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 14 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 15 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 16 price price NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 17 level level NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 18 as as IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 19 defined define VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 20 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 21 some some DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 22 index index NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 23 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 24 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 25 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 26 quantity quantity NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 27 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 28 some some DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 29 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 30 aggregate aggregate NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 35 31 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 1 Friedman Friedman NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 3 1968 1968 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 4 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 5 p.15 p.15 NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 7 asserts assert VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 8 " " `` cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 9 I -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 10 believe believe VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 11 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 12 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 13 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 14 total total NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 15 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 16 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 17 best good JJS cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 18 currently currently RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 19 available available JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 20 immediate immediate JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 21 guide guide NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 22 or or CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 23 criterion criterion NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 24 for for IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 25 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 26 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 27 - - : cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 28 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 29 I -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 30 believe believe VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 31 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 32 it -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 33 matters matter VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 34 much much RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 35 less less RBR cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 36 which which WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 37 particular particular JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 38 total total NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 39 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 40 chosen choose VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 41 than than IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 42 that that DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 43 one one CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 44 be be VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 45 chosen choose VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 46 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 36 47 " " '' cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 1 Fifty fifty CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 2 years year NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 3 later later RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 4 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 5 Mankiw Mankiw NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 6 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 7 Reis Reis NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 9 2018 2018 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 11 skillfully skillfully RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 12 evaluate evaluate VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 13 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 14 brilliant brilliant JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 15 contribution contribution NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 16 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 17 Friedman Friedman NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 18 on on IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 19 modeling model VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 20 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 21 role role NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 22 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 23 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 24 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 25 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 26 affirming affirm VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 27 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 28 intellectual intellectual JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 29 prescience prescience NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 30 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 31 some some DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 32 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 33 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 34 proposals proposal NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 35 but but CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 36 also also RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 37 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 38 replacing replace VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 39 others other NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 40 that that WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 41 were be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 42 less less RBR cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 43 enduring enduring JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 37 44 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 38 1 Friedman Friedman NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 38 2 's 's POS cord-311521-4calrk5l 38 3 view view NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 38 4 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 38 5 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 38 6 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 38 7 long long JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 38 8 run run NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 38 9 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 38 10 central central JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 38 11 bank bank NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 38 12 can can MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 38 13 not not RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 38 14 peg peg VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 38 15 unemployment unemployment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 38 16 nor nor CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 38 17 real real JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 38 18 interest interest NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 38 19 rates rate NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 38 20 has have VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 38 21 persisted persist VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 38 22 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 1 Instead instead RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 2 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 3 targeting target VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 4 Friedman Friedman NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 5 's 's POS cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 6 suggested suggest VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 7 variable variable NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 8 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 9 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 10 growth growth NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 11 rate rate NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 12 on on IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 13 some some DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 14 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 15 aggregate aggregate NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 16 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 17 central central JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 18 banks bank NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 19 for for IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 20 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 21 last last JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 22 two two CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 23 decades decade NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 24 embraced embrace VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 25 price price NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 26 stability stability NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 27 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 28 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 29 particular particular JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 30 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 31 often often RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 32 advocate advocate VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 33 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 34 precise precise JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 35 2 2 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 36 % % NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 37 inflation inflation NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 38 target target NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 39 39 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 40 1 Also also RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 40 2 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 40 3 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 40 4 emphasis emphasis NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 40 5 has have VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 40 6 shifted shift VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 40 7 from from IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 40 8 using use VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 40 9 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 40 10 variables variable NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 40 11 as as IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 40 12 tools tool NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 40 13 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 40 14 using use VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 40 15 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 40 16 very very RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 40 17 short short JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 40 18 term term NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 40 19 interest interest NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 40 20 rate rate NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 40 21 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 41 1 Mankiw Mankiw NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 41 2 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 41 3 Reis Reis NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 41 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 41 5 2018 2018 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 41 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 41 7 give give VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 41 8 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 41 9 J J NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 41 10 o o NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 41 11 u u NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 41 12 r r NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 41 13 n n NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 41 14 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 41 15 l l NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 41 16 P p NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 41 17 r r NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 41 18 e e NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 41 19 -p -p NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 1 r r NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 2 o o NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 3 o o NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 4 f f NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 5 detailed detailed JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 6 exposition exposition NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 7 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 8 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 9 role role NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 10 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 11 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 12 natural natural JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 13 rate rate NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 14 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 15 interest interest NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 16 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 17 introduced introduce VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 18 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 19 Knut Knut NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 20 Wicksel Wicksel NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 21 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 22 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 23 explain explain VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 24 how how WRB cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 25 central central JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 26 banks bank NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 27 currently currently RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 28 interpret interpret VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 29 inflation inflation NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 30 targets target NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 31 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 32 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 33 flexible flexible JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 34 framework framework NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 35 that that WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 36 adjusts adjust VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 37 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 38 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 39 business business NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 40 cycle cycle NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 42 41 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 1 Put put VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 2 differently differently RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 3 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 4 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 5 short short JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 6 run run NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 7 flexible flexible JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 8 decision decision NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 9 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 10 making making NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 11 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 12 central central JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 13 banks bank NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 14 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 15 achieve achieve VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 17 mandates mandate NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 18 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 19 setting set VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 20 short short JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 21 term term NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 22 interest interest NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 23 rates rate NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 24 subject subject JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 25 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 26 new new JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 27 data datum NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 28 may may MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 29 not not RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 30 have have VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 31 appealed appeal VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 32 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 33 Friedman Friedman NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 34 who who WP cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 35 prefered prefer VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 36 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 37 much much RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 38 longer long JJR cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 39 run run NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 40 strategy strategy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 43 41 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 2 was be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 3 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 4 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 5 longrun longrun NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 6 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 7 " " `` cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 8 major major JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 9 sources source NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 10 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 11 economic economic JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 12 disturbances disturbance NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 13 " " '' cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 14 occurred occur VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 15 as as IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 16 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 17 wars war NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 18 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 19 periods period NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 20 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 21 financial financial JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 22 exhuberance exhuberance NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 23 or or CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 24 panics panic NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 25 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 26 Friedman Friedman NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 27 's 's POS cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 28 insightful insightful JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 29 advice advice NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 30 suggested suggest VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 31 " " `` cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 32 offseting offset VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 33 " " '' cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 34 such such JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 35 developments development NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 44 36 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 45 1 Such such JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 45 2 " " `` cord-311521-4calrk5l 45 3 offseting offseting NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 45 4 " " '' cord-311521-4calrk5l 45 5 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 45 6 central central JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 45 7 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 45 8 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 45 9 modeling modeling NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 45 10 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 45 11 " " `` cord-311521-4calrk5l 45 12 unconventional unconventional JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 45 13 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 45 14 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 45 15 " " '' cord-311521-4calrk5l 45 16 presented present VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 45 17 next next RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 45 18 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 46 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 46 2 now now RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 46 3 know know VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 46 4 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 46 5 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 46 6 financial financial JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 46 7 crisis crisis NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 46 8 began begin VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 46 9 as as IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 46 10 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 46 11 subprime subprime JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 46 12 mortgage mortgage NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 46 13 lending lending NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 46 14 problem problem NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 46 15 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 46 16 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 46 17 economy economy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 46 18 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 47 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 47 2 had have VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 47 3 also also RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 47 4 validated validate VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 47 5 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 47 6 using use VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 47 7 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 47 8 fed fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 47 9 funds fund NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 47 10 as as IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 47 11 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 47 12 tool tool NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 47 13 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 47 14 achieve achieve VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 47 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 47 16 dual dual JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 47 17 mandate mandate NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 47 18 was be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 47 19 most most RBS cord-311521-4calrk5l 47 20 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 47 21 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 48 1 These these DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 48 2 significant significant JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 48 3 accomplishments accomplishment NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 48 4 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 48 5 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 48 6 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 48 7 were be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 48 8 called call VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 48 9 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 48 10 " " `` cord-311521-4calrk5l 48 11 great great JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 48 12 moderation moderation NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 48 13 " " '' cord-311521-4calrk5l 48 14 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 1 So so RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 2 when when WRB cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 3 unemployement unemployement NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 4 reached reach VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 5 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 6 high high NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 7 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 8 10 10 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 9 % % NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 10 during during IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 11 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 12 Great great JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 13 Recession recession NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 14 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 15 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 16 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 17 's 's POS cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 18 objective objective JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 19 function function NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 20 had have VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 21 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 22 prioretize prioretize VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 23 tagetting tagette VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 24 unemployment unemployment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 25 over over IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 26 inflation inflation NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 49 27 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 1 Initially initially RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 2 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 3 while while IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 4 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 5 economy economy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 6 was be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 7 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 8 recession recession NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 9 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 10 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 11 risks risk NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 12 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 13 inflation inflation NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 14 were be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 15 very very RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 16 low low JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 17 but but CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 18 from from IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 19 mid-2009 mid-2009 NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 20 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 21 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 22 end end NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 23 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 24 2015 2015 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 25 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 26 when when WRB cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 27 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 28 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 29 increased increase VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 30 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 31 fed fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 32 funds fund NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 33 rate rate NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 34 from from IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 35 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 36 range range NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 37 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 38 0 0 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 39 % % NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 40 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 41 0.25 0.25 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 42 % % NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 43 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 44 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 45 range range NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 46 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 47 0.25 0.25 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 48 % % NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 49 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 50 0.50 0.50 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 51 % % NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 52 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 53 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 54 assessment assessment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 55 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 56 pursuing pursue VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 57 easy easy JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 58 policies policy NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 59 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 60 achieve achieve VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 61 maximum maximum JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 62 employment employment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 63 J J NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 64 o o NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 65 u u NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 66 r r NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 67 n n NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 68 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 69 l l NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 70 P p NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 71 r r NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 72 e e NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 50 73 -p -p NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 51 1 r r NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 51 2 o o NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 51 3 o o NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 51 4 f f NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 51 5 against against IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 51 6 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 51 7 potential potential JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 51 8 risks risk NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 51 9 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 51 10 reigniting reignite VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 51 11 inflation inflation NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 51 12 were be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 51 13 continuously continuously RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 51 14 monitored monitor VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 51 15 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 51 16 assessed assess VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 51 17 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 1 The the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 2 importance importance NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 3 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 4 job job NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 5 creation creation NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 6 as as IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 7 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 8 primary primary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 9 goal goal NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 10 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 11 unconventional unconventional JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 12 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 13 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 14 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 15 expounded expound VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 16 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 17 Baghestani Baghestani NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 19 2008 2008 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 21 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 22 Evans Evans NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 24 2010 2010 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 26 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 27 Kuttner Kuttner NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 29 2018 2018 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 52 31 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 53 1 During during IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 53 2 September September NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 53 3 2008 2008 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 53 4 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 53 5 fed fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 53 6 funds fund NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 53 7 were be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 53 8 between between IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 53 9 1.75 1.75 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 53 10 % % NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 53 11 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 53 12 2 2 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 53 13 % % NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 53 14 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 54 1 Three three CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 54 2 months month NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 54 3 later later RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 54 4 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 54 5 during during IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 54 6 December December NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 54 7 2008 2008 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 54 8 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 54 9 fed fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 54 10 funds fund NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 54 11 were be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 54 12 between between IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 54 13 0 0 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 54 14 % % NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 54 15 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 54 16 0.25 0.25 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 54 17 % % NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 54 18 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 55 1 This this DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 55 2 great great JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 55 3 tool tool NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 55 4 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 55 5 normal normal JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 55 6 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 55 7 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 55 8 over over IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 55 9 several several JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 55 10 decades decade NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 55 11 had have VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 55 12 become become VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 55 13 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 55 14 no no DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 55 15 further further JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 55 16 use use NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 55 17 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 1 In in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 2 late late JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 3 2008 2008 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 4 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 5 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 6 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 7 decided decide VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 8 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 9 use use VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 10 an an DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 11 unconventional unconventional JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 12 method method NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 13 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 14 stimulate stimulate VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 15 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 16 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 17 economy economy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 18 constrained constrain VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 19 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 20 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 21 zero zero CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 22 lower lower RBR cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 23 bound bind VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 24 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 25 fed fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 26 funds fund NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 56 27 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 57 1 These these DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 57 2 tools tool NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 57 3 included include VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 57 4 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 57 5 so so RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 57 6 called call VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 57 7 Large large JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 57 8 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 57 9 Scale scale NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 57 10 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 57 11 Asset Asset NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 57 12 Purchases Purchases NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 57 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 57 14 LSAP LSAP NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 57 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 57 16 or or CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 57 17 Quantitative quantitative JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 57 18 Easing Easing NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 57 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 57 20 QE QE NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 57 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 57 22 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 1 The the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 2 tool tool NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 3 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 4 QE QE NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 5 consists consist VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 6 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 7 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 8 Federal Federal NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 9 Reserve Reserve NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 10 purchasing purchase VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 11 longer long JJR cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 12 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 13 term term NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 14 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 15 Treasury Treasury NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 16 securities security NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 17 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 18 agency agency NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 19 mortgage mortgage NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 20 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 21 backed back VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 22 securities security NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 24 MBS MBS NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 26 with with IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 27 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 28 aim aim NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 29 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 30 driving drive VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 31 down down RP cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 32 longer long JJR cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 33 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 34 term term NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 35 interest interest NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 36 rates rate NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 37 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 38 thereby thereby RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 39 stimulating stimulate VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 40 economic economic JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 41 activity activity NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 58 42 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 1 In in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 2 other other JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 3 words word NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 4 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 5 if if IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 6 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 7 short short JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 8 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 9 term term NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 10 fed fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 11 funds fund NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 12 rate rate NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 13 has have VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 14 reached reach VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 15 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 16 zero zero CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 17 level level NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 18 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 19 can can MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 20 not not RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 21 go go VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 22 any any DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 23 lower lower RBR cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 24 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 25 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 26 next next JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 27 option option NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 28 for for IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 29 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 30 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 31 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 32 accomplish accomplish VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 33 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 34 dual dual JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 35 mandate mandate NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 36 was be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 37 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 38 target target VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 39 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 40 longer long JJR cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 41 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 42 term term NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 43 interest interest NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 44 rate rate NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 59 45 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 1 Independent independent JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 2 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 3 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 4 debate debate NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 5 whether whether IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 6 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 7 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 8 can can MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 9 influence influence VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 10 longer long JJR cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 11 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 12 term term NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 13 interest interest NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 14 rates rate NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 15 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 16 Bernanke Bernanke NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 18 2012 2012 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 19 Bernanke Bernanke NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 21 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 22 2015 2015 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 23 argues argue VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 24 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 25 QE QE NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 26 works work VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 27 via via IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 28 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 29 portfolio portfolio NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 30 balance balance NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 31 channel channel NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 60 32 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 1 The the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 2 simple simple JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 3 logic logic NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 4 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 5 this this DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 6 channel channel NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 7 indicates indicate VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 8 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 9 different different JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 10 classes class NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 11 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 12 financial financial JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 13 assets asset NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 14 are be VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 15 not not RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 16 perfect perfect JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 17 substitutes substitute NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 18 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 19 portfolios portfolio NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 20 formed form VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 21 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 22 investors investor NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 23 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 24 if if IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 25 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 26 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 27 can can MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 28 purchase purchase VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 29 large large JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 30 quantities quantity NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 31 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 32 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 33 certain certain JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 34 asset asset NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 35 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 36 influence influence VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 37 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 38 price price NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 39 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 40 therefore therefore RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 41 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 42 yield yield NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 43 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 44 such such JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 45 changes change NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 46 may may MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 47 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 48 through through IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 49 arbitrage arbitrage NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 50 transactions transaction NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 51 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 52 spread spread VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 53 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 54 other other JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 55 asset asset NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 56 classes class NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 61 57 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 1 If if IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 2 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 3 final final JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 4 result result NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 5 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 6 QE QE NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 7 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 8 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 9 increase increase NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 10 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 11 long long JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 12 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 13 term term NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 14 bond bond NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 15 prices price NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 16 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 17 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 18 decline decline NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 19 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 20 yields yield NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 21 across across IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 22 many many JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 23 asset asset NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 24 classes class NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 25 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 26 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 27 overall overall JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 28 economic economic JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 29 result result NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 30 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 31 an an DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 32 increase increase NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 33 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 34 wealth wealth NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 35 that that WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 36 leads lead VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 37 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 38 more more JJR cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 39 consumption consumption NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 40 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 41 investment investment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 62 42 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 63 1 With with IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 63 2 increases increase NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 63 3 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 63 4 consumption consumption NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 63 5 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 63 6 investment investment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 63 7 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 63 8 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 63 9 economy economy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 63 10 grows grow VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 63 11 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 63 12 generates generate VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 63 13 jobs job NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 63 14 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 63 15 achieve achieve VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 63 16 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 63 17 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 63 18 's 's POS cord-311521-4calrk5l 63 19 goal goal NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 63 20 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 63 21 maximum maximum JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 63 22 employment employment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 63 23 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 64 1 Not not RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 64 2 all all DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 64 3 economists economist NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 64 4 accept accept VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 64 5 this this DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 64 6 line line NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 64 7 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 64 8 reasoning reasoning NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 64 9 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 1 Thornton Thornton NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 3 2014 2014 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 5 does do VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 6 not not RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 7 find find VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 8 any any DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 9 empirical empirical JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 10 evidence evidence NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 11 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 12 support support NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 13 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 14 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 15 portfolio portfolio NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 16 balance balance NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 17 channel channel NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 18 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 19 Taylor Taylor NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 21 2014 2014 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 23 _SP cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 24 Pieces Pieces NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 25 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 26 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 27 unconventional unconventional JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 28 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 29 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 30 modeling modeling NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 31 evolved evolve VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 32 gradually gradually RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 65 33 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 66 1 Bernanke Bernanke NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 66 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 66 3 2012 2012 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 66 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 66 5 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 66 6 Kuttner Kuttner NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 66 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 66 8 2018 2018 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 66 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 66 10 discuss discuss VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 66 11 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 66 12 progression progression NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 66 13 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 66 14 QE QE NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 66 15 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 66 16 detail detail NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 66 17 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 2 was be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 3 not not RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 4 known know VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 5 at at IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 6 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 7 beginning beginning NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 8 how how WRB cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 9 many many JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 10 rounds round NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 11 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 12 QE QE NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 13 were be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 14 necessary necessary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 15 for for IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 16 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 17 restoration restoration NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 18 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 19 financial financial JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 20 stability stability NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 21 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 22 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 23 financial financial JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 24 sector sector NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 25 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 26 economic economic JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 27 recovery recovery NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 28 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 29 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 30 real real JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 31 economy economy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 67 32 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 68 1 Today today NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 68 2 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 68 3 with with IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 68 4 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 68 5 benefit benefit NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 68 6 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 68 7 historical historical JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 68 8 experience experience NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 68 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 68 10 know know VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 68 11 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 68 12 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 68 13 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 68 14 executed execute VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 68 15 3 3 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 68 16 main main JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 68 17 rounds round NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 68 18 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 68 19 QE QE NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 68 20 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 68 21 _SP cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 1 During during IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 2 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 3 long long JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 4 period period NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 5 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 6 about about RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 7 seven seven CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 8 years year NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 9 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 10 2008 2008 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 11 - - SYM cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 12 2015 2015 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 13 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 14 with with IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 15 fed fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 16 funds fund NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 17 rate rate NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 18 remaining remain VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 19 essentially essentially RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 20 at at IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 21 zero zero CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 22 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 23 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 24 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 25 followed follow VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 26 QE QE NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 27 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 28 increased increase VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 29 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 30 balance balance NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 31 sheet sheet NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 32 from from IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 33 about about IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 34 1 1 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 35 trillion trillion CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 36 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 37 4.5 4.5 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 38 trillion trillion CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 39 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 40 stimulate stimulate VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 41 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 42 economy economy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 43 that that WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 44 found find VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 45 itself -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 46 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 47 be be VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 48 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 49 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 50 liquidity liquidity NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 51 trap trap NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 69 52 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 70 1 The the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 70 2 use use NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 70 3 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 70 4 QE QE NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 70 5 was be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 70 6 motivated motivate VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 70 7 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 70 8 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 70 9 pursuit pursuit NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 70 10 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 70 11 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 70 12 goal goal NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 70 13 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 70 14 maximum maximum JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 70 15 employment employment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 70 16 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 2 was be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 3 modeled model VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 4 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 5 J J NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 6 o o NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 7 u u NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 8 r r NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 9 n n NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 10 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 11 l l NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 12 P p NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 13 r r NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 14 e e NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 15 -p -p NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 16 r r NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 17 o o NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 18 o o NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 19 f f NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 20 Friedman Friedman NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 21 's 's POS cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 22 belief belief NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 23 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 25 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 26 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 27 role role NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 28 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 29 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 30 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 31 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 32 offset offset VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 33 major major JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 34 economic economic JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 35 disturbances disturbance NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 36 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 37 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 38 prediction prediction NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 39 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 40 lowering lower VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 41 unemployment unemployment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 42 was be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 43 viewed view VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 44 as as IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 45 verification verification NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 46 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 47 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 48 appropriateness appropriateness NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 71 49 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 1 Forward forward JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 2 guidance guidance NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 3 about about IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 4 keeping keep VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 5 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 6 fed fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 7 funds fund NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 8 rate rate NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 9 at at IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 10 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 11 zero zero CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 12 lower lower RBR cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 13 bound bind VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 14 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 15 pursuing pursue VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 16 lower low JJR cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 17 longer long JJR cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 18 term term NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 19 interest interest NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 20 rates rate NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 21 was be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 22 carefully carefully RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 23 articulated articulate VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 24 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 25 numerous numerous JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 26 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 27 communications communication NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 28 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 29 reduce reduce VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 30 financial financial JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 31 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 32 while while IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 33 at at IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 34 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 35 same same JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 36 time time NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 37 it -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 38 was be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 39 made make VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 40 clear clear JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 41 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 42 inflationary inflationary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 43 expectations expectation NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 44 were be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 45 clearly clearly RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 46 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 47 carefully carefully RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 48 monitored monitor VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 49 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 50 enhance enhance VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 51 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 52 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 53 's 's POS cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 54 hard hard RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 55 won win VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 56 credibility credibility NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 57 as as IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 58 an an DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 59 inflation inflation NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 60 fighter fighter NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 72 61 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 73 1 Numerous numerous JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 73 2 speeches speech NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 73 3 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 73 4 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 73 5 officials official NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 73 6 document document NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 73 7 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 73 8 detail detail NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 73 9 these these DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 73 10 strategic strategic JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 73 11 efforts effort NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 73 12 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 73 13 employ employ VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 73 14 unconventional unconventional JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 73 15 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 73 16 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 73 17 tools tool NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 73 18 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 74 1 Bernanke Bernanke NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 74 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 74 3 2015 2015 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 74 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 1 Jointly jointly RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 2 using use VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 3 monthly monthly JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 4 QE QE NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 5 data datum NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 6 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 7 also also RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 8 longer long JJR cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 9 term term NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 10 interest interest NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 11 rates rate NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 13 say say VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 14 for for IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 15 10-year 10-year CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 16 Treasury Treasury NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 17 Notes Notes NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 19 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 20 how how WRB cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 21 have have VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 22 these these DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 23 2 2 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 24 series series NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 25 impacted impact VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 26 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 27 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 28 labor labor NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 29 market market NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 75 30 ? ? . cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 2 formulate formulate VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 3 basic basic JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 4 hypotheses hypothesis NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 5 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 6 connect connect VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 7 empirically empirically RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 8 monthly monthly JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 9 QE QE NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 10 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 11 longer long JJR cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 12 term term NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 13 interest interest NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 14 rates rate NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 15 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 16 various various JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 17 data datum NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 18 describing describe VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 19 labor labor NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 20 markets market NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 21 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 22 investigate investigate VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 23 empirically empirically RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 24 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 25 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 26 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 27 unconventional unconventional JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 28 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 29 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 30 that that WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 31 targeted target VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 32 maximum maximum JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 33 employment employment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 34 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 35 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 36 aftermath aftermath NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 37 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 38 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 39 financial financial JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 40 crisis crisis NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 76 41 ? ? . cord-311521-4calrk5l 77 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 77 2 claim claim VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 77 3 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 77 4 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 77 5 unconventional unconventional JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 77 6 tools tool NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 77 7 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 77 8 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 77 9 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 77 10 targeted target VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 77 11 primarily primarily RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 77 12 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 77 13 unemployment unemployment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 77 14 rate rate NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 77 15 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 78 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 78 2 also also RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 78 3 view view VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 78 4 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 78 5 Bernanke Bernanke NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 78 6 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 78 7 's 's POS cord-311521-4calrk5l 78 8 targeting targeting NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 78 9 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 78 10 employment employment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 78 11 as as IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 78 12 confirmation confirmation NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 78 13 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 78 14 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 78 15 validity validity NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 78 16 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 78 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 78 18 policies policy NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 78 19 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 2 was be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 3 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 4 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 5 's 's POS cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 6 affirmation affirmation NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 7 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 8 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 9 new new JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 10 policies policy NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 11 that that WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 12 QE QE NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 13 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 14 lower low JJR cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 15 longer long JJR cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 16 term term NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 17 T T NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 18 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 19 Notes Notes NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 20 rates rate NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 21 would would MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 22 yield yield VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 23 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 24 forecasted forecast VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 25 lowering lowering NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 26 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 27 unemployment unemployment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 79 28 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 2 use use VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 3 all all DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 4 six six CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 5 measures measure NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 6 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 7 Unemployment unemployment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 8 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 9 U1 U1 NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 10 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 11 U2 U2 NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 12 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 13 U3 U3 NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 14 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 15 U4 u4 NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 16 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 17 U5 U5 NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 18 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 19 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 20 U6 U6 NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 21 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 22 perform perform VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 23 an an DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 24 exhaustive exhaustive JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 25 analysis analysis NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 26 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 27 this this DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 28 dimension dimension NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 29 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 30 labor labor NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 31 markets market NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 80 32 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 81 1 U3 U3 NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 81 2 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 81 3 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 81 4 most most RBS cord-311521-4calrk5l 81 5 representative representative JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 81 6 measure measure NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 81 7 that that WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 81 8 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 81 9 used use VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 81 10 most most RBS cord-311521-4calrk5l 81 11 commonly commonly RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 81 12 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 82 1 These these DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 82 2 hypotheses hypothesis NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 82 3 display display VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 82 4 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 82 5 very very RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 82 6 practical practical JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 82 7 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 82 8 realistic realistic JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 82 9 goal goal NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 82 10 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 82 11 unconventional unconventional JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 82 12 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 82 13 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 82 14 that that WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 82 15 targeted target VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 82 16 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 82 17 reduction reduction NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 82 18 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 82 19 unemployment unemployment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 82 20 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 83 1 What what WP cord-311521-4calrk5l 83 2 do do VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 83 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 83 4 mean mean VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 83 5 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 83 6 such such PDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 83 7 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 83 8 statement statement NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 83 9 ? ? . cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 1 By by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 2 unconventional unconventional JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 3 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 4 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 6 mean mean VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 7 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 8 use use NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 9 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 10 QE QE NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 11 as as IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 12 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 13 tool tool NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 14 whose whose WP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 15 goal goal NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 16 was be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 17 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 18 reduce reduce VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 19 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 20 steepness steepness NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 21 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 22 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 23 yield yield NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 24 curve curve NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 25 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 26 increase increase VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 27 financial financial JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 28 wealth wealth NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 29 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 30 eventually eventually RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 31 increase increase VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 32 aggregate aggregate JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 33 demand demand NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 34 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 35 thus thus RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 36 bring bring VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 37 down down RP cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 38 unemployment unemployment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 84 39 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 1 In in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 2 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 3 spirit spirit NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 4 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 5 Friedman Friedman NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 6 's 's POS cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 7 scientific scientific JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 8 methodology methodology NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 9 numerous numerous JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 10 assumptions assumption NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 11 are be VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 12 made make VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 13 about about IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 14 these these DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 15 developments development NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 16 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 17 what what WP cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 18 matters matter VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 19 most most RBS cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 20 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 21 not not RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 22 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 23 exact exact JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 24 nature nature NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 25 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 26 these these DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 27 assumptions assumption NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 28 but but CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 29 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 30 prediction prediction NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 31 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 32 unemployment unemployment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 33 will will MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 34 decline decline VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 85 35 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 86 1 An an DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 86 2 early early JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 86 3 analysis analysis NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 86 4 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 86 5 QE QE NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 86 6 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 86 7 found find VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 86 8 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 86 9 Gagnon Gagnon NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 86 10 et et NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 86 11 al al NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 86 12 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 87 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 87 2 2011 2011 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 87 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 88 1 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 88 2 more more RBR cord-311521-4calrk5l 88 3 recently recently RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 88 4 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 88 5 Engen Engen NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 88 6 et et NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 88 7 al al NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 88 8 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 89 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 89 2 2015 2015 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 89 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 89 4 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 90 1 The the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 90 2 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 90 3 paper paper NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 90 4 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 90 5 Gagnon Gagnon NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 90 6 et et NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 90 7 al al NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 90 8 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 2 2011 2011 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 4 argues argue VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 5 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 6 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 7 contrast contrast NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 8 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 9 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 10 pre pre JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 11 - - NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 12 crisis crisis JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 13 Additional additional JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 14 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 15 support support NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 16 for for IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 17 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 18 hypotheses hypothesis NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 19 we -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 20 are be VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 21 formulating formulate VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 22 can can MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 23 be be VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 24 provided provide VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 25 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 26 Chiarella Chiarella NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 27 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 28 Guilmi Guilmi NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 30 2011 2011 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 91 32 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 92 1 Actually actually RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 92 2 these these DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 92 3 authors author NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 92 4 develop develop VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 92 5 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 92 6 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 92 7 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 92 8 model model NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 92 9 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 92 10 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 92 11 spirit spirit NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 92 12 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 92 13 Hyman Hyman NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 92 14 Minsky Minsky NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 92 15 's 's POS cord-311521-4calrk5l 92 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 92 17 1977 1977 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 92 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 93 1 The the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 93 2 independent independent JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 93 3 variable variable NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 93 4 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 93 5 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 93 6 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 93 7 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 2 employ employ VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 3 two two CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 4 proxies proxy NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 5 for for IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 6 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 7 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 8 during during IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 9 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 10 period period NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 11 studied study VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 12 : : : cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 13 first first RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 14 we -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 15 use use VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 16 Total total JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 17 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 18 Assets Assets NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 19 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 20 second second RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 21 we -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 22 use use VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 23 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 24 10-Year 10-year CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 25 Treasury Treasury NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 26 Note Note NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 27 which which WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 28 under under IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 29 normal normal JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 30 conditions condition NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 31 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 32 determined determine VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 33 solely solely RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 34 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 35 market market NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 36 conditions condition NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 37 but but CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 38 during during IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 39 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 40 financial financial JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 41 crisis crisis NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 42 was be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 43 targeted target VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 44 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 45 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 46 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 47 via via IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 48 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 49 QE QE NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 50 strategies strategy NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 94 51 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 2 hypothesize hypothesize VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 3 : : : cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 4 Following follow VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 5 Hamilton Hamilton NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 7 1994 1994 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 9 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 10 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 11 matrix matrix NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 12 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 13 transition transition NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 14 probabilities probability NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 15 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 16 defined define VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 17 as as IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 18 : : : cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 19 _SP cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 20 The the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 21 expected expected JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 22 duration duration NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 23 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 24 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 25 high high JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 26 volatility volatility NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 27 regime regime NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 28 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 29 given give VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 30 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 31 E(S=1 E(S=1 NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 33 = = SYM cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 34 1/(1-P11 1/(1-p11 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 36 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 37 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 38 for for IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 39 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 40 low low JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 41 volatility volatility NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 42 regime regime NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 43 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 44 given give VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 45 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 46 E(S=2 e(s=2 NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 95 48 = = NFP cord-311521-4calrk5l 96 1 1/(1-P22 1/(1-p22 LS cord-311521-4calrk5l 96 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 96 3 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 1 Since since IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 3 are be VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 4 interested interested JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 5 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 6 establishing establish VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 7 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 8 efficacy efficacy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 9 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 10 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 11 modelling modelling NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 12 approach approach NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 13 over over IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 14 this this DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 15 rather rather RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 16 long long JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 17 sample sample NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 18 period period NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 19 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 20 we -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 21 initially initially RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 22 focus focus VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 23 on on IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 24 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 25 diagnostic diagnostic JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 26 tests test NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 27 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 28 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 29 model model NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 97 30 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 1 Although although IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 2 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 3 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 4 residual residual JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 5 analysis analysis NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 6 from from IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 7 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 8 regression regression NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 9 equation equation NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 11 1 1 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 13 without without IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 14 switching switching NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 15 shows show VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 16 no no DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 17 significant significant JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 18 serial serial JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 19 correlations correlation NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 20 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 21 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 22 CUSUM CUSUM NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 23 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 24 square square JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 25 test test NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 26 shows show VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 27 instability instability NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 28 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 29 variance variance NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 30 and/or and/or CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 31 parameters parameter NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 98 32 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 99 1 This this DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 99 2 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 99 3 further further RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 99 4 corroborated corroborate VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 99 5 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 99 6 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 99 7 Chow Chow NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 99 8 Break Break NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 99 9 Point Point NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 99 10 test test NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 99 11 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 100 1 These these DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 100 2 results result NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 100 3 are be VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 100 4 not not RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 100 5 included include VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 100 6 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 100 7 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 100 8 paper paper NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 100 9 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 1 Although although IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 2 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 3 GARCH garch NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 4 variance variance NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 5 captures capture VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 6 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 7 time time NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 8 varying vary VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 9 nature nature NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 10 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 11 conditional conditional JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 12 variance variance NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 13 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 15 can can MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 16 not not RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 17 address address VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 19 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 20 if if IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 21 there there EX cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 22 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 23 structural structural JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 24 discontinuity discontinuity NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 25 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 26 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 27 level level NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 28 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 29 variance variance NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 101 30 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 1 In in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 2 order order NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 3 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 4 explore explore VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 5 more more RBR cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 6 effectively effectively RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 7 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 8 influence influence NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 9 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 10 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 11 independent independent JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 12 variables variable NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 13 on on IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 14 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 15 various various JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 16 measures measure NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 17 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 18 unemployment unemployment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 19 as as RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 20 well well RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 21 as as IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 22 parameter parameter NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 23 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 24 variance variance NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 25 discontinuity discontinuity NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 26 over over IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 27 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 28 long long JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 29 sample sample NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 30 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 31 we -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 32 investigate investigate VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 33 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 34 non non JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 35 - - JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 36 linear linear JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 37 modelling modelling NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 38 approach approach NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 39 via via IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 40 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 41 two two CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 42 state state NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 43 Markov Markov NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 44 chain chain NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 45 shown show VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 46 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 47 equation equation NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 49 3 3 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 102 51 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 103 1 The the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 103 2 subscript subscript NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 103 3 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 103 4 used use VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 103 5 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 103 6 denote denote VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 103 7 dependence dependence NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 103 8 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 103 9 these these DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 103 10 parameters parameter NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 103 11 on on IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 103 12 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 103 13 prevailing prevail VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 103 14 Markov Markov NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 103 15 state state NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 103 16 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 104 1 The the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 104 2 law law NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 104 3 guiding guide VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 104 4 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 104 5 evolution evolution NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 104 6 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 104 7 this this DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 104 8 unobserved unobserved JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 104 9 state state NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 104 10 variable variable NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 104 11 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 104 12 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 104 13 time time NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 104 14 homogenous homogenous JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 104 15 transition transition NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 104 16 probability probability NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 104 17 matrix matrix NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 104 18 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 105 1 The the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 105 2 residual residual JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 105 3 term term NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 105 4 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 105 5 also also RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 105 6 dependent dependent JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 105 7 on on IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 105 8 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 105 9 Markov Markov NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 105 10 state state NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 105 11 occurring occurring NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 105 12 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 105 13 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 105 14 variance variance NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 105 15 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 105 16 this this DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 105 17 residual residual JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 105 18 variable variable NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 105 19 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 105 20 also also RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 105 21 state state NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 105 22 dependent dependent JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 105 23 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 106 1 In in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 106 2 fact fact NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 106 3 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 106 4 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 106 5 realization realization NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 106 6 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 106 7 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 106 8 J J NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 106 9 o o NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 106 10 u u NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 106 11 r r NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 106 12 n n NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 106 13 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 106 14 l l NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 106 15 P p NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 106 16 r r NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 106 17 e e NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 107 1 -p -p NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 107 2 r r NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 107 3 o o NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 107 4 o o NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 108 1 f f LS cord-311521-4calrk5l 108 2 residual residual JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 108 3 variance variance NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 108 4 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 108 5 one one CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 108 6 way way NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 108 7 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 108 8 classifying classify VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 108 9 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 108 10 states state NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 108 11 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 108 12 which which WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 108 13 we -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 108 14 may may MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 108 15 be be VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 108 16 able able JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 108 17 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 108 18 attach attach VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 108 19 economic economic JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 108 20 significance significance NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 1 In in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 2 contrast contrast NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 3 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 4 linear linear JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 5 models model NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 6 that that WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 7 assume assume VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 8 stationary stationary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 9 distributions distribution NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 10 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 11 regime regime NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 12 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 13 switching switching NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 14 models model NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 15 are be VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 16 based base VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 17 on on IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 18 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 19 mixture mixture NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 20 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 21 parametric parametric JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 22 distributions distribution NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 23 whose whose WP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 24 probabilities probability NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 25 depend depend VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 26 on on IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 27 unobserved unobserved JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 28 state state NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 29 variable variable NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 109 30 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 110 1 In in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 110 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 110 3 model model NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 110 4 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 110 5 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 110 6 economy economy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 110 7 alternates alternate VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 110 8 between between IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 110 9 two two CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 110 10 unobserved unobserved JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 110 11 states state NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 110 12 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 110 13 high high JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 110 14 volatility volatility NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 110 15 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 110 16 low low JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 110 17 volatility volatility NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 110 18 according accord VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 110 19 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 110 20 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 110 21 Markov Markov NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 110 22 chain chain NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 110 23 process process NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 110 24 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 1 Since since IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 3 have have VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 4 identified identify VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 5 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 6 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 7 parameters parameter NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 8 are be VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 9 not not RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 10 constant constant JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 11 through through IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 12 time time NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 13 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 14 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 15 some some DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 16 sort sort NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 17 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 18 structural structural JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 19 break break NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 20 occurs occur VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 21 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 22 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 23 series series NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 24 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 25 we -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 26 have have VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 27 certain certain JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 28 modelling modelling NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 29 choices choice NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 111 30 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 112 1 One one CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 112 2 alternative alternative NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 112 3 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 112 4 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 112 5 estimate estimate VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 112 6 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 112 7 model model NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 112 8 over over IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 112 9 different different JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 112 10 sub sub NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 112 11 - - NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 112 12 samples sample NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 112 13 if if IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 112 14 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 112 15 timing timing NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 112 16 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 112 17 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 112 18 break break NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 112 19 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 112 20 known know VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 112 21 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 113 1 Another another DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 113 2 alternative alternative NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 113 3 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 113 4 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 113 5 make make VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 113 6 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 113 7 structural structural JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 113 8 break break NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 113 9 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 113 10 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 113 11 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 113 12 model model NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 113 13 since since IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 113 14 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 113 15 many many JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 113 16 cases case NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 113 17 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 113 18 timing timing NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 113 19 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 113 20 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 113 21 shift shift NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 113 22 may may MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 113 23 not not RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 113 24 be be VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 113 25 known know VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 113 26 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 114 1 By by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 114 2 making make VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 114 3 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 114 4 shift(s shift(s NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 114 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 114 6 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 114 7 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 114 8 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 114 9 model model NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 114 10 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 114 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 114 12 can can MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 114 13 also also RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 114 14 make make VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 114 15 inferences inference NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 114 16 about about IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 114 17 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 114 18 process process NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 114 19 that that WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 114 20 drives drive VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 114 21 these these DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 114 22 shifts shift NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 114 23 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 115 1 Models model NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 115 2 that that WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 115 3 shift shift VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 115 4 between between IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 115 5 various various JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 115 6 densities density NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 115 7 allow allow VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 115 8 us -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 115 9 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 115 10 incorporate incorporate VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 115 11 structural structural JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 115 12 breaks break NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 115 13 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 115 14 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 115 15 estimation estimation NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 115 16 procedure procedure NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 115 17 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 116 1 A a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 116 2 source source NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 116 3 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 116 4 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 116 5 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 116 6 idiosyncratic idiosyncratic JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 116 7 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 116 8 regime regime NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 116 9 switching switch VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 116 10 models model NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 116 11 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 116 12 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 116 13 ex ex JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 116 14 - - JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 116 15 post post JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 116 16 determination determination NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 116 17 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 116 18 regimes regime NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 116 19 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 1 In in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 2 switching switch VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 3 models model NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 4 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 6 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 7 assumed assume VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 8 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 9 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 10 occurrence occurrence NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 11 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 12 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 13 regime regime NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 14 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 15 observed observe VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 16 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 17 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 18 market market NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 19 but but CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 20 not not RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 21 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 22 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 23 econometrician econometrician NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 24 who who WP cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 25 must must MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 26 infer infer VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 27 it -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 28 from from IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 29 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 30 model model NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 117 31 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 118 1 Until until IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 118 2 recently recently RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 118 3 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 118 4 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 118 5 quality quality NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 118 6 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 118 7 regime regime NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 118 8 classification classification NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 118 9 was be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 118 10 determined determine VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 118 11 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 118 12 focusing focus VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 118 13 on on IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 118 14 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 118 15 smoothed smooth VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 118 16 expost expost NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 118 17 regime regime NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 118 18 transition transition NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 118 19 probabilities probability NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 118 20 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 119 1 An an DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 119 2 innovation innovation NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 119 3 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 119 4 this this DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 119 5 area area NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 119 6 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 119 7 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 119 8 Regime Regime NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 119 9 Classification Classification NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 119 10 Measure measure NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 119 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 119 12 RCM RCM NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 119 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 119 14 proposed propose VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 119 15 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 119 16 Ang Ang NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 119 17 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 119 18 Bekaert Bekaert NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 119 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 119 20 2002 2002 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 119 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 119 22 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 120 1 This this DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 120 2 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 120 3 essentially essentially RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 120 4 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 120 5 sample sample NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 120 6 estimate estimate NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 120 7 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 120 8 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 120 9 variance variance NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 120 10 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 120 11 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 120 12 probability probability NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 120 13 series series NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 120 14 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 2 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 3 based base VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 4 on on IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 5 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 6 idea idea NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 7 that that WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 8 perfect perfect JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 9 classification classification NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 10 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 11 regimes regime NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 12 would would MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 13 infer infer VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 14 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 15 value value NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 16 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 17 0 0 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 18 or or CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 19 1 1 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 20 for for IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 21 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 22 probability probability NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 23 series series NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 24 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 25 would would MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 26 be be VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 27 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 28 Bernoulli Bernoulli NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 29 random random JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 30 variable variable NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 121 31 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 122 1   NFP cord-311521-4calrk5l 123 1 U2 U2 NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 124 1 = = NFP cord-311521-4calrk5l 125 1 Percentage percentage NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 125 2 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 125 3 labor labor NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 125 4 force force NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 125 5 who who WP cord-311521-4calrk5l 125 6 lost lose VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 125 7 jobs job NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 125 8 or or CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 125 9 completed complete VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 125 10 temporary temporary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 125 11 work work NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 125 12 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 126 1   NFP cord-311521-4calrk5l 127 1 U3 u3 NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 127 2 = = NFP cord-311521-4calrk5l 128 1 Percentage percentage NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 128 2 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 128 3 labor labor NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 128 4 force force NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 128 5 who who WP cord-311521-4calrk5l 128 6 are be VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 128 7 without without IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 128 8 jobs job NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 128 9 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 128 10 have have VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 128 11 looked look VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 128 12 for for IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 128 13 work work NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 128 14 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 128 15 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 128 16 last last JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 128 17 four four CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 128 18 weeks week NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 129 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 129 2 note note VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 129 3 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 129 4 this this DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 129 5 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 129 6 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 129 7 officially officially RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 129 8 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 129 9 reported report VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 129 10 unemployment unemployment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 129 11 rate rate NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 129 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 129 13 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 130 1   NFP cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 1 U4 u4 NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 2 = = SYM cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 3 U3 u3 NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 4 plus plus CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 5 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 6 percent percent NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 7 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 8 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 9 labor labor NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 10 force force NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 11 that that WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 12 count count VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 13 as as IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 14 " " `` cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 15 discouraged discouraged JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 16 workers worker NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 17 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 18 " " '' cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 19 i.e. i.e. FW cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 20 people people NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 21 who who WP cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 22 would would MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 23 like like VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 24 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 25 work work VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 26 but but CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 27 have have VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 28 stopped stop VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 29 looking look VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 30 because because IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 31 they -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 32 are be VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 33 convinced convinced JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 34 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 35 they -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 36 ca can MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 37 n't not RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 38 find find VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 39 jobs job NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 131 40 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 132 1   NFP cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 1 U5 U5 NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 2 = = SYM cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 3 U4 u4 NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 4 plus plus CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 5 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 6 percent percent NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 7 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 8 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 9 labor labor NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 10 force force NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 11 that that WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 12 count count VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 13 as as IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 14 " " `` cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 15 marginally marginally RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 16 attached attach VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 17 " " '' cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 18 or or CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 19 " " `` cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 20 loosely loosely RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 21 attached attach VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 22 " " '' cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 23 workers worker NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 24 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 25 i.e. i.e. FW cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 26 people people NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 27 who who WP cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 28 would would MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 29 theoretically theoretically RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 30 like like VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 31 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 32 work work VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 33 but but CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 34 have have VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 35 n't not RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 36 looked look VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 37 for for IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 38 work work NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 39 within within IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 40 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 41 past past JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 42 four four CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 43 weeks week NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 133 44 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 134 1   NFP cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 1 U6 u6 NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 2 = = SYM cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 3 U5 u5 NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 4 plus plus CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 5 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 6 percent percent NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 7 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 8 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 9 labor labor NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 10 force force NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 11 that that WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 12 count count VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 13 as as IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 14 " " `` cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 15 underemployed underemployed JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 16 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 17 " " '' cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 18 i.e. i.e. FW cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 19 parttime parttime NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 20 workers worker NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 21 who who WP cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 22 would would MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 23 like like VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 24 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 25 work work VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 26 more more RBR cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 27 but but CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 28 ca can MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 29 n't not RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 30 find find VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 31 full full JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 32 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 33 time time NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 34 jobs job NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 135 35 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 136 1 Graph graph NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 136 2 1 1 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 136 3 illustrates illustrate VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 136 4 these these DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 136 5 six six CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 136 6 proxies proxy NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 136 7 for for IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 136 8 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 136 9 unemployment unemployment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 136 10 rate rate NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 136 11 _SP cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 1 First first RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 2 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 3 all all DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 4 6 6 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 5 Tables table NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 6 show show VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 7 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 8 all all DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 9 measures measure NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 10 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 11 unemployment unemployment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 12 changes change NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 13 are be VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 14 driven drive VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 15 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 16 changes change NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 17 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 18 independent independent JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 19 variables variable NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 20 that that WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 21 are be VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 22 significant significant JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 23 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 24 both both CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 25 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 26 low low JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 27 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 28 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 29 high high JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 30 volatility volatility NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 31 Markov Markov NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 32 regimes regime NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 137 33 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 138 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 138 2 work work VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 138 3 with with IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 138 4 first first JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 138 5 differences difference NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 138 6 because because IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 138 7 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 138 8 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 138 9 non non JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 138 10 - - JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 138 11 stationarity stationarity NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 138 12 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 138 13 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 138 14 variables variable NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 138 15 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 1 Second second RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 2 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 3 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 4 2 2 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 5 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 6 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 7 instruments instrument NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 8 used use VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 9 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 10 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 11 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 12 after after IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 13 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 14 Lehman Lehman NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 15 Brothers Brothers NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 16 bankruptcy bankruptcy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 17 were be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 18 QE QE NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 19 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 20 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 21 impact impact NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 22 on on IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 23 reducing reduce VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 24 longer long JJR cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 25 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 26 term term NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 27 interest interest NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 28 rates rate NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 29 on on IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 30 government government NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 31 bonds bond NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 139 32 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 140 1 J J NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 140 2 o o NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 140 3 u u NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 140 4 r r NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 140 5 n n NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 140 6 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 140 7 l l NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 140 8 P p NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 140 9 r r NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 140 10 e e NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 140 11 -p -p NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 1 r r NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 2 o o NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 3 o o NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 4 f f NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 5 studied study VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 6 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 7 summarized summarize VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 8 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 9 Williams Williams NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 11 2011 2011 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 12 Williams Williams NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 14 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 15 2013 2013 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 16 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 17 more more RBR cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 18 recently recently RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 19 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 20 Bhar Bhar NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 21 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 22 Malliaris Malliaris NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 23 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 24 Malliaris Malliaris NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 26 2015 2015 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 141 28 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 1 U1 U1 NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 2 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 3 driven drive VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 4 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 5 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 6 long long RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 7 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 8 run run NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 9 10-Year 10-year CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 10 T T NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 11 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 12 Note note NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 13 rate rate NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 14 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 15 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 16 low low JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 17 volatility volatility NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 18 regime regime NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 19 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 20 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 21 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 22 own own JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 23 2-period 2-period CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 24 lag lag VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 25 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 26 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 27 high high JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 28 volatility volatility NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 29 regime regime NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 142 30 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 143 1 U2 U2 NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 143 2 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 143 3 driven drive VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 143 4 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 143 5 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 143 6 lagged lag VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 143 7 T T NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 143 8 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 143 9 Note note NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 143 10 rate rate NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 143 11 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 143 12 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 143 13 low low JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 143 14 volatility volatility NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 143 15 regime regime NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 143 16 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 143 17 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 143 18 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 143 19 Assets Assets NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 143 20 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 143 21 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 143 22 high high JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 143 23 volatility volatility NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 143 24 regime regime NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 143 25 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 144 1 Autoregressive Autoregressive NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 144 2 terms term NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 144 3 play play VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 144 4 also also RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 144 5 significantly significantly RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 144 6 for for IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 144 7 U2 U2 NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 144 8 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 145 1 Third third RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 145 2 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 145 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 145 4 results result NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 145 5 are be VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 145 6 very very RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 145 7 interesting interesting JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 145 8 for for IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 145 9 U3 u3 NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 145 10 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 145 11 Table Table NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 145 12 3 3 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 145 13 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 1 Since since IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 2 this this DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 3 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 4 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 5 official official JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 6 measure measure NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 7 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 8 unemployment unemployment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 9 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 11 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 12 encouraging encourage VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 13 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 14 observe observe VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 15 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 16 U3 U3 NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 17 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 18 driven drive VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 19 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 20 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 21 Assets Assets NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 22 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 23 both both CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 24 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 25 low low JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 27 level level NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 28 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 29 significance significance NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 30 1 1 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 31 % % NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 33 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 34 high high JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 35 volatility volatility NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 37 level level NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 38 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 39 significance significance NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 40 5 5 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 41 % % NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 43 regimes regime NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 146 44 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 1 Also also RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 2 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 4 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 5 important important JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 6 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 7 indicate indicate VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 8 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 9 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 10 average average JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 11 duration duration NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 12 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 13 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 14 high high JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 15 volatility volatility NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 16 regime regime NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 17 for for IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 18 U3 U3 NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 19 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 20 about about RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 21 5.95 5.95 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 22 months month NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 23 that that WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 24 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 25 higher high JJR cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 26 than than IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 27 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 28 low low JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 29 volatility volatility NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 30 regime regime NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 31 that that WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 32 lasts last VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 33 only only RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 34 1.91 1.91 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 35 months month NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 147 36 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 1 U4 U4 NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 2 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 3 driven drive VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 4 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 5 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 6 Assets Assets NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 8 significance significance NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 9 level level NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 10 10 10 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 11 % % NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 13 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 14 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 15 T T NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 16 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 17 Note note NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 18 rate rate NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 19 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 20 autoregressive autoregressive JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 21 factors factor NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 22 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 23 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 24 low low JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 25 volatility volatility NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 26 regime regime NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 148 27 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 1 U5 U5 NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 2 on on IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 3 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 4 other other JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 5 hand hand NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 6 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 7 influenced influence VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 8 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 9 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 10 Assets Assets NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 11 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 12 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 13 low low JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 14 volatility volatility NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 15 regime regime NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 16 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 17 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 18 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 19 T T NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 20 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 21 Note note NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 22 rate rate NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 23 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 24 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 25 high high JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 26 volatility volatility NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 27 regime regime NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 149 28 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 1 Finally finally RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 2 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 3 U6 U6 NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 4 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 5 significantly significantly RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 6 influenced influence VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 7 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 8 both both DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 9 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 10 Assets Assets NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 11 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 12 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 13 T T NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 14 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 15 Note note NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 16 rate rate NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 17 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 18 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 19 low low JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 20 volatility volatility NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 21 regime regime NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 22 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 23 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 24 autoregressive autoregressive JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 25 factors factor NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 26 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 27 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 28 high high JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 29 volatility volatility NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 30 regime regime NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 150 31 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 1 The the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 2 over over RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 3 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 4 all all DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 5 conclusion conclusion NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 6 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 7 these these DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 8 6 6 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 9 Tables Tables NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 10 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 11 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 12 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 13 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 14 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 16 unconventional unconventional JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 17 approach approach NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 18 with with IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 19 QE QE NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 20 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 21 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 22 10 10 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 23 Year Year NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 24 T T NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 25 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 26 Note Note NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 27 Rate rate NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 28 appears appear VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 29 statistically statistically RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 30 significant significant JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 31 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 32 9 9 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 33 out out IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 34 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 35 12 12 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 36 regimes regime NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 37 - - : cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 38 recall recall VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 39 we -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 40 analyze analyze VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 41 six six CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 42 unemployment unemployment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 43 measures measure NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 44 each each DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 45 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 46 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 47 low low JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 48 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 49 high high JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 50 volatility volatility NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 51 regime regime NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 151 52 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 1 If if IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 3 focus focus VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 4 on on IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 5 U3 U3 NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 6 as as IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 7 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 8 official official JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 9 statistic statistic NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 10 that that WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 11 does do VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 12 not not RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 13 include include VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 14 chronically chronically RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 15 discouraged discourage VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 16 workers worker NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 17 for for IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 18 whom whom WP cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 19 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 20 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 21 has have VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 22 very very RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 23 limited limited JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 24 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 25 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 26 then then RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 27 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 28 results result NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 29 are be VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 30 much much RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 31 stronger strong JJR cord-311521-4calrk5l 152 32 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 1 Recall recall VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 2 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 3 as as IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 4 was be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 5 said say VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 6 earlier early RBR cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 7 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 8 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 9 Assets Assets NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 10 enter enter VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 11 as as RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 12 statistically statistically RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 13 significant significant JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 14 for for IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 15 both both CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 16 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 17 low low JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 18 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 19 high high JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 20 volatility volatility NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 21 regimes regime NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 22 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 23 U3 u3 NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 25 at at IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 26 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 27 1 1 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 28 % % NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 29 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 30 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 31 5 5 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 32 % % NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 33 level level NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 34 respectively respectively RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 153 36 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 1 This this DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 2 paper paper NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 3 articulates articulate VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 4 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 5 Friedman Friedman NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 6 's 's POS cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 7 modeling modeling NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 8 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 9 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 10 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 11 emphasizes emphasize VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 13 role role NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 14 as as IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 15 offsetting offset VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 16 major major JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 17 disturbances disturbance NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 18 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 19 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 20 economic economic JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 21 system system NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 22 arising arise VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 23 from from IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 24 sources source NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 25 such such JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 26 as as IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 27 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 28 financial financial JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 29 crisis crisis NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 154 30 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 155 1 This this DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 155 2 conviction conviction NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 155 3 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 155 4 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 155 5 opposition opposition NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 155 6 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 155 7 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 155 8 Keynesian keynesian JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 155 9 model model NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 155 10 that that WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 155 11 pronounces pronounce VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 155 12 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 155 13 ineffectiveness ineffectiveness NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 155 14 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 155 15 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 155 16 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 155 17 during during IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 155 18 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 155 19 liquidity liquidity NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 155 20 trap trap NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 155 21 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 156 1 Friedman Friedman NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 156 2 also also RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 156 3 argues argue VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 156 4 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 156 5 models model NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 156 6 J J NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 156 7 o o NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 156 8 u u NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 156 9 r r NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 156 10 n n NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 156 11 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 156 12 l l NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 156 13 P p NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 156 14 r r NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 156 15 e e NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 156 16 -p -p NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 157 1 r r LS cord-311521-4calrk5l 158 1 o o UH cord-311521-4calrk5l 158 2 o o NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 158 3 f f NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 158 4 should should MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 158 5 not not RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 158 6 be be VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 158 7 judged judge VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 158 8 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 158 9 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 158 10 realism realism NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 158 11 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 158 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 158 13 assumptions assumption NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 158 14 but but CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 158 15 only only RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 158 16 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 158 17 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 158 18 success success NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 158 19 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 158 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 158 21 predictions prediction NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 158 22 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 1 The the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 2 Bernanke Bernanke NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 3 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 4 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 5 soon soon RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 6 after after IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 7 fed fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 8 funds fund NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 9 were be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 10 decreased decrease VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 11 close close RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 12 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 13 zero zero CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 14 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 15 late late JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 16 2008 2008 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 17 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 18 chose choose VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 19 new new JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 20 tools tool NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 21 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 22 target target VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 23 unemployment unemployment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 24 that that WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 25 had have VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 26 reached reach VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 27 about about RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 28 10 10 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 29 % % NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 159 30 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 160 1 No no DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 160 2 one one NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 160 3 knew know VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 160 4 during during IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 160 5 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 160 6 months month NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 160 7 that that WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 160 8 followed follow VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 160 9 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 160 10 Lehman Lehman NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 160 11 Brothers Brothers NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 160 12 bankruptcy bankruptcy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 160 13 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 160 14 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 160 15 magnitude magnitude NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 160 16 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 160 17 duration duration NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 160 18 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 160 19 impact impact NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 160 20 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 160 21 these these DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 160 22 policies policy NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 160 23 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 1 What what WP cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 2 was be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 3 known know VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 4 at at IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 5 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 6 beginning beginning NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 7 was be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 8 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 9 hard hard JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 10 economic economic JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 11 facts fact NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 12 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 13 high high JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 14 unemployment unemployment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 15 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 16 very very RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 17 low low JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 18 inflation inflation NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 19 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 20 frozen frozen JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 21 financial financial JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 22 markets market NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 23 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 24 both both CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 25 national national JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 26 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 27 international international JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 28 financial financial JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 29 instability instability NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 161 30 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 1 When when WRB cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 2 fiscal fiscal JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 3 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 4 faced face VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 5 both both DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 6 budgetary budgetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 7 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 8 political political JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 9 constraints constraint NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 10 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 11 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 12 consensus consensus NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 13 was be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 14 rapidly rapidly RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 15 built build VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 16 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 17 FOMC FOMC NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 18 members member NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 19 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 20 target target VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 21 unemployment unemployment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 22 as as IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 23 directed direct VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 24 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 25 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 26 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 27 's 's POS cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 28 dual dual JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 29 mandate mandate NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 162 30 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 1 This this DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 2 consensus consensus NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 3 was be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 4 not not RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 5 formed form VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 6 on on IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 7 solid solid JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 8 analytical analytical JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 9 grounds ground NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 10 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 11 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 12 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 13 model model NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 14 describing describe VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 15 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 16 channels channel NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 17 connecting connect VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 18 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 19 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 20 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 21 increased increase VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 22 employment employment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 23 but but CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 24 rather rather RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 25 on on IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 26 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 27 careful careful JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 28 calculus calculus NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 29 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 30 risk risk NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 31 management management NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 32 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 33 that that RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 34 is is RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 35 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 36 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 37 assessing assess VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 38 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 39 benefits benefit NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 40 from from IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 41 lowering lower VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 42 unemployment unemployment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 43 versus versus IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 44 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 45 risks risk NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 46 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 47 creating create VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 48 inflation inflation NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 49 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 50 with with IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 51 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 52 conviction conviction NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 53 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 54 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 55 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 56 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 57 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 58 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 163 59 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 164 1 What what WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 164 2 central central JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 164 3 bankers banker NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 164 4 learned learn VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 164 5 during during IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 164 6 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 164 7 2007 2007 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 164 8 - - SYM cord-311521-4calrk5l 164 9 2015 2015 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 164 10 period period NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 164 11 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 164 12 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 164 13 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 164 14 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 164 15 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 164 16 QE QE NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 164 17 was be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 164 18 due due JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 164 19 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 164 20 four four CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 164 21 factors factor NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 164 22 : : : cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 1 first first RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 2 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 3 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 4 rapid rapid JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 5 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 6 careful careful JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 7 formulation formulation NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 8 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 9 unconventional unconventional JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 10 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 11 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 12 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 13 replace replace VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 14 traditional traditional JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 15 fed fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 16 funds fund NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 17 management management NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 18 when when WRB cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 19 these these DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 20 had have VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 21 reached reach VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 22 zero zero CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 23 ; ; : cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 24 there there EX cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 25 was be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 26 no no DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 27 lamenting lament VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 28 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 29 monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 30 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 31 had have VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 32 arrived arrive VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 33 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 34 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 35 dead dead JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 36 end end NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 165 37 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 1 Second second RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 2 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 3 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 4 commitment commitment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 5 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 6 central central JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 7 bankers banker NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 8 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 9 unconventional unconventional JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 10 QE QE NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 11 that that WDT cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 12 was be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 13 extended extend VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 14 over over IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 15 7 7 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 16 years year NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 17 with with IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 18 3 3 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 19 major major JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 20 rounds round NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 21 rather rather RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 22 than than IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 23 being be VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 24 abandoned abandon VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 25 after after IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 26 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 27 first first JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 28 or or CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 29 second second JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 30 round round NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 166 31 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 1 Third third RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 2 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 3 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 4 boldness boldness NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 5 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 6 policy policy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 7 makers maker NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 8 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 9 pursue pursue VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 10 large large JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 11 QE QE NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 12 rather rather RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 13 than than IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 14 moving move VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 15 very very RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 16 cautiously cautiously RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 17 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 18 say say VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 19 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 20 only only RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 21 doubling double VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 22 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 23 size size NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 24 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 25 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 26 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 27 's 's POS cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 28 balance balance NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 29 sheet sheet NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 30 instead instead RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 31 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 32 actually actually RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 33 growing grow VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 34 it -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 35 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 36 350 350 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 37 % % NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 38 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 39 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 40 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 41 fourth fourth RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 42 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 43 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 44 achievement achievement NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 45 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 46 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 47 goal goal NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 48 to to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 49 reduce reduce VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 50 unemployment unemployment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 51 substantially substantially RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 167 52 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 1 Of of RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 2 course course RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 3 there there EX cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 4 was be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 5 some some DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 6 good good JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 7 fortune fortune NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 8 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 9 meaning mean VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 10 that that IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 11 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 12 monthly monthly JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 13 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 14 data data NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 15 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 16 driven drive VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 17 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 18 communications communication NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 19 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 20 evaluations evaluation NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 21 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 22 QE QE NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 23 never never RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 24 were be VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 25 confronted confront VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 26 with with IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 27 unpleasant unpleasant JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 28 issues issue NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 29 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 30 financial financial JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 31 instability instability NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 32 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 33 rapid rapid JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 34 inflation inflation NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 35 or or CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 36 re re NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 37 - - JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 38 occurring occurring JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 39 recessions recession NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 168 40 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 169 1 economy economy NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 169 2 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 1 These these DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 2 initiatives initiative NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 3 are be VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 4 described describe VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 5 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 6 detail detail NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 7 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 8 Fleming Fleming NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 9 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 10 Sarkar Sarkar NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 11 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 12 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 13 Van Van NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 14 Tassel Tassel NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 15 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 17 2020 2020 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 19 who who WP cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 20 also also RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 21 compare compare VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 22 whether whether IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 23 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 24 Covid-19 covid-19 NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 25 initiatives initiative NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 26 are be VBP cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 27 similar similar JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 28 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 29 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 30 ones one NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 31 taken take VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 32 during during IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 33 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 34 Global Global NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 35 Financial Financial NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 36 Crisis Crisis NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 37 or or CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 38 new new JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 39 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 40 specially specially RB cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 41 designed design VBN cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 42 for for IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 43 Covid-19 covid-19 NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 170 44 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 171 1 To to TO cord-311521-4calrk5l 171 2 make make VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 171 3 some some DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 171 4 preliminary preliminary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 171 5 comparisons comparison NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 171 6 between between IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 171 7 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 171 8 two two CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 171 9 crises crisis NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 171 10 - - : cord-311521-4calrk5l 171 11 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 171 12 Global Global NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 171 13 Financial Financial NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 171 14 _SP cord-311521-4calrk5l 172 1 This this DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 172 2 paper paper NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 172 3 discusses discuss VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 172 4 certain certain JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 172 5 principles principle NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 172 6 guiding guide VBG cord-311521-4calrk5l 172 7 general general JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 172 8 scientific scientific JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 172 9 modeling modeling NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 172 10 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 172 11 focuses focus VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 172 12 on on IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 172 13 Milton Milton NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 172 14 _SP cord-311521-4calrk5l 172 15 Regime Regime NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 172 16 Switches switch VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 172 17 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 172 18 Interest interest NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 172 19 Rates Rates NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 172 20 Federal Federal NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 172 21 Reserve Reserve NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 172 22 versus versus IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 172 23 Private private JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 172 24 Information information NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 172 25 : : : cord-311521-4calrk5l 173 1 Who who WP cord-311521-4calrk5l 173 2 is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 173 3 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 173 4 Best good JJS cord-311521-4calrk5l 173 5 Unemployment Unemployment NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 173 6 Rate rate NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 173 7 Predictor predictor NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 173 8 ? ? . cord-311521-4calrk5l 174 1 Aggregate aggregate JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 174 2 Demand demand NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 174 3 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 174 4 Long long JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 174 5 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 174 6 Run run NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 174 7 Unemployment unemployment NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 1 The the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 2 Impact Impact NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 3 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 4 Large large JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 5 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 6 Scale scale NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 7 Asset Asset NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 8 Purchases purchase NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 9 on on IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 10 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 11 S&P S&P NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 12 500 500 CD cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 13 Index Index NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 14 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 15 Long Long NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 16 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 17 Term term NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 18 Interest interest NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 19 Rates Rates NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 20 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 21 Unemployment Unemployment NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 22 The the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 23 Crisis Crisis NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 24 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 25 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 26 Policy Policy NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 27 Response Response NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 28 Monetary Monetary NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 29 Policy Policy NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 30 since since IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 31 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 32 Onset onset NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 33 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 34 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 175 35 Crisis Crisis NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 1 The the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 2 Courage Courage NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 3 to to IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 4 Act act VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 5 : : : cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 6 A a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 7 Memoir Memoir NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 8 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 9 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 10 Crisis Crisis NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 11 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 13 Aftermath Aftermath NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 14 American American NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 15 Economic Economic NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 16 Association Association NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 17 Presidential Presidential NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 18 Address Address NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 19 at at IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 20 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 21 Allied Allied NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 22 Social Social NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 23 Sciences Sciences NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 24 Association Association NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 25 Annual Annual NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 26 Meetings Meetings NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 27 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 28 The the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 29 Financial Financial NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 30 Instability Instability NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 31 Hypothesis Hypothesis NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 32 : : : cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 33 A a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 34 Stochastic Stochastic NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 35 Microfoundations Microfoundations NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 176 36 Framework Framework NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 177 1 The the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 177 2 Macroeconomic Macroeconomic NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 177 3 Effects effect NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 177 4 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 177 5 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 177 6 Federal Federal NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 177 7 Reserve Reserve NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 177 8 's 's POS cord-311521-4calrk5l 177 9 Unconventional Unconventional NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 177 10 Monetary Monetary NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 177 11 Policies Policies NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 178 1 Innovative Innovative NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 178 2 Federal Federal NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 178 3 Reserve Reserve NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 178 4 Policies Policies NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 178 5 During during IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 178 6 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 178 7 Great Great NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 178 8 Financial Financial NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 178 9 Crisis Crisis NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 178 10 Labor Labor NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 178 11 Markets Markets NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 178 12 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 178 13 Monetary Monetary NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 178 14 Policy Policy NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 179 1 The the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 179 2 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 179 3 Pandemic Pandemic NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 179 4 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 179 5 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 179 6 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 179 7 's 's POS cord-311521-4calrk5l 179 8 Response Response NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 179 9 Models Models NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 179 10 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 179 11 Science Science NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 180 1 The the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 180 2 Methodology Methodology NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 180 3 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 180 4 Positive Positive NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 180 5 Economics economic NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 181 1 The the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 181 2 Role role NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 181 3 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 181 4 Monetary Monetary NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 181 5 Policy Policy NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 181 6 Modeling Modeling NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 181 7 Without without IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 181 8 Representation representation NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 181 9 Large large JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 181 10 - - HYPH cord-311521-4calrk5l 181 11 Scale scale NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 181 12 Asset asset NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 181 13 Purchases purchase NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 181 14 by by IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 181 15 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 181 16 Federal Federal NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 181 17 Reserve Reserve NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 181 18 : : : cord-311521-4calrk5l 181 19 Did do VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 181 20 They -PRON- PRP cord-311521-4calrk5l 181 21 Work work VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 181 22 ? ? . cord-311521-4calrk5l 182 1 Monetary monetary JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 182 2 Policy Policy NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 182 3 Surprises Surprises NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 182 4 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 182 5 Credit credit NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 182 6 Costs cost NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 182 7 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 182 8 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 182 9 Economic Economic NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 182 10 Activity Activity NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 1 What what WP cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 2 Happened happen VBD cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 3 : : : cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 4 Financial Financial NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 5 Factors Factors NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 6 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 7 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 8 Great great JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 9 Recession recession NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 10 Money money NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 11 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 12 Banking Banking NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 13 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 14 Monetary Monetary NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 15 Policy Policy NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 16 from from IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 17 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 18 Formation Formation NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 19 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 20 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 21 Federal Federal NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 22 Reserve Reserve NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 23 until until IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 24 Today Today NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 25 Monetary Monetary NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 26 Policy Policy NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 27 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 28 Balance Balance NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 29 Sheets Sheets NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 30 Outside outside IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 31 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 32 Box Box NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 33 : : : cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 34 Unconventional Unconventional NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 35 Monetary Monetary NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 36 Policy Policy NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 37 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 38 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 39 Great great JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 40 Recession recession NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 41 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 42 Beyond Beyond NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 43 An An NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 44 Exploration Exploration NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 45 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 46 Optimal Optimal NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 47 Stabilization Stabilization NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 48 Policy Policy NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 49 Friedman Friedman NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 50 's 's POS cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 51 Presidential Presidential NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 52 Address Address NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 53 in in IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 54 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 55 Evolution evolution NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 183 56 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 184 1 Macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 184 2 Thought Thought NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 184 3 A A NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 184 4 Theory theory NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 184 5 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 184 6 Systemic Systemic NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 184 7 Fragility Fragility NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 184 8 Monetary Monetary NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 184 9 Policy Policy NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 184 10 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 184 11 Job Job NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 184 12 Creation Creation NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 184 13 " " '' cord-311521-4calrk5l 184 14 . . . cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 1 A a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 2 speech speech NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 3 at at IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 4 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 5 University University NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 6 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 7 Maryland Maryland NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 8 Smith Smith NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 9 School School NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 10 of of IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 11 Business Business NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 12 Distinguished Distinguished NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 13 Speaker Speaker NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 14 Series Series NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 15 Unwinding Unwinding NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 16 Quantitative quantitative JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 17 Easing easing NN cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 18 : : : cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 19 How how WRB cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 20 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 21 Fed Fed NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 22 Should Should MD cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 23 Promote promote VB cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 24 Stable stable JJ cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 25 Prices price NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 26 , , , cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 27 Economic Economic NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 28 Growth Growth NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 29 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 30 Job Job NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 31 Creation Creation NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 185 32 QE QE NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 186 1 : : : cord-311521-4calrk5l 186 2 Is be VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 186 3 There there EX cord-311521-4calrk5l 186 4 a a DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 186 5 Portfolio Portfolio NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 186 6 Balance Balance NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 186 7 Effect Effect NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 186 8 ? ? . cord-311521-4calrk5l 187 1 Unconventional Unconventional NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 187 2 Monetary Monetary NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 187 3 Policy Policy NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 187 4 and and CC cord-311521-4calrk5l 187 5 Aggregate Aggregate NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 187 6 Bank Bank NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 187 7 Lending Lending NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 187 8 : : : cord-311521-4calrk5l 188 1 Does do VBZ cord-311521-4calrk5l 188 2 Financial Financial NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 188 3 Structure Structure NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 188 4 Matter Matter NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 188 5 ? ? . cord-311521-4calrk5l 189 1 Unconventional Unconventional NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 189 2 Monetary Monetary NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 189 3 Policy Policy NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 189 4 : : : cord-311521-4calrk5l 190 1 Lessons lesson NNS cord-311521-4calrk5l 190 2 from from IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 190 3 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 190 4 Past Past NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 190 5 Three Three NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 190 6 Years Years NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 190 7 Lessons Lessons NNPS cord-311521-4calrk5l 190 8 from from IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 190 9 the the DT cord-311521-4calrk5l 190 10 Financial Financial NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 190 11 Crisis Crisis NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 190 12 for for IN cord-311521-4calrk5l 190 13 Unconventional Unconventional NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 190 14 Monetary Monetary NNP cord-311521-4calrk5l 190 15 Policy Policy NNP