id sid tid token lemma pos cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 1 key key JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 2 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 3 cord-258536-qnn9hp8e cord-258536-qnn9hp8e NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 4 authors author NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 5 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 6 Cong Cong NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 7 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 8 Yingying Yingying NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 9 ; ; : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 10 Verlhac Verlhac NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 11 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 12 Pauline Pauline NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 13 ; ; : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 14 Reggiori Reggiori NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 15 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 16 Fulvio Fulvio NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 17 title title NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 18 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 19 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 20 Interaction Interaction NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 21 between between IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 22 Nidovirales Nidovirales NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 23 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 24 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 25 Components Components NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 26 date date NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 27 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 28 2017 2017 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 29 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 30 07 07 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 31 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 32 11 11 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 33 journal journal NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 1 34 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 2 1 Viruses virus NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 2 2 DOI DOI NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 2 3 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 3 1 10.3390 10.3390 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 4 1 /v9070182 /v9070182 NFP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 4 2 sha sha NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 4 3 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 5 1 0d82c429737f250a7bcd230fea2e4725edc2439a 0d82c429737f250a7bcd230fea2e4725edc2439a LS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 6 1 doc_id doc_id CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 7 1 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 7 2 258536 258536 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 7 3 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 7 4 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 1 qnn9hp8e qnn9hp8e NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 2 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 3 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 4 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 5 conserved conserved JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 6 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 7 catabolic catabolic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 8 pathway pathway NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 9 that that WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 10 allows allow VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 11 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 12 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 13 maintain maintain VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 14 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 15 through through IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 16 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 17 degradation degradation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 18 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 19 deleterious deleterious JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 20 components component NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 21 via via IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 22 specialized specialized JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 23 double double JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 24 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 25 membrane membrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 26 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 27 called call VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 28 autophagosomes autophagosomes NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 8 29 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 9 1 During during IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 9 2 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 9 3 past past JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 9 4 decades decade NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 9 5 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 9 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 9 7 has have VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 9 8 been be VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 9 9 revealed reveal VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 9 10 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 9 11 numerous numerous JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 9 12 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 9 13 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 9 14 including include VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 9 15 viruses virus NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 9 16 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 9 17 usurp usurp VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 9 18 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 9 19 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 9 20 order order NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 9 21 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 9 22 promote promote VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 9 23 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 9 24 propagation propagation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 9 25 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 10 1 Nidovirales nidovirale NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 10 2 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 10 3 an an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 10 4 order order NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 10 5 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 10 6 enveloped envelop VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 10 7 viruses virus NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 10 8 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 10 9 large large JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 10 10 single single JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 10 11 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 10 12 stranded strand VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 10 13 positive positive JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 10 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 10 15 genomes genome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 10 16 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 1 Four four CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 2 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 3 families family NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 5 Arterividae Arterividae NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 6 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 7 Coronaviridae Coronaviridae NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 8 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 9 Mesoniviridae Mesoniviridae NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 10 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 11 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 12 Roniviridae Roniviridae NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 14 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 15 part part NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 16 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 17 this this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 18 order order NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 19 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 20 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 21 comprises comprise VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 22 several several JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 23 human human NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 24 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 25 animal animal NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 26 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 27 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 28 medical medical JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 29 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 30 veterinary veterinary JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 31 importance importance NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 11 32 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 12 1 In in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 12 2 host host NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 12 3 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 12 4 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 12 5 Nidovirales Nidovirales NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 12 6 induce induce VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 12 7 membrane membrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 12 8 rearrangements rearrangement NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 12 9 including include VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 12 10 autophagosome autophagosome JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 12 11 formation formation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 12 12 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 13 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 13 2 relevance relevance NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 13 3 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 13 4 putative putative JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 13 5 mechanism mechanism NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 13 6 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 13 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 13 8 usurpation usurpation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 13 9 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 13 10 however however RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 13 11 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 13 12 remain remain VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 13 13 largely largely RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 13 14 elusive elusive JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 13 15 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 14 1 Here here RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 14 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 14 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 14 4 review review VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 14 5 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 14 6 current current JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 14 7 knowledge knowledge NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 14 8 about about IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 14 9 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 14 10 possible possible JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 14 11 interplay interplay NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 14 12 between between IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 14 13 Nidovirales Nidovirales NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 14 14 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 14 15 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 14 16 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 15 1 Nidoviruses Nidoviruses NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 15 2 rank rank NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 15 3 among among IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 15 4 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 15 5 most most RBS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 15 6 complex complex JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 15 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 15 8 viruses virus NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 15 9 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 15 10 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 15 11 molecular molecular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 15 12 genetics genetic NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 15 13 clearly clearly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 15 14 discriminates discriminate VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 15 15 them -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 15 16 from from IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 15 17 other other JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 15 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 15 19 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 15 20 orders order NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 15 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 15 22 1 1 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 15 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 15 24 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 1 Still still RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 4 knowledge knowledge NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 5 about about IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 6 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 7 life life NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 8 cycle cycle NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 9 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 10 mostly mostly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 11 unveiled unveil VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 12 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 13 studies study NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 14 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 15 Coronaviruses Coronaviruses NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 17 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 19 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 20 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 21 very very RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 22 limited limited JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 24 1 1 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 25 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 26 3 3 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 27 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 28 17 17 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 29 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 30 18 18 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 16 32 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 1 To to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 2 enter enter VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 3 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 4 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 5 Nidoviruses Nidoviruses NNPS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 6 bind bind VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 7 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 8 cell cell NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 9 surface surface NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 10 receptors receptor NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 11 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 12 an an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 13 event event NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 14 that that WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 15 precedes precede VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 16 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 17 fusion fusion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 18 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 19 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 20 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 21 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 22 cellular cellular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 23 membranes membrane NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 25 Figure figure NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 26 2 2 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 27 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 28 step step NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 29 1 1 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 31 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 32 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 33 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 34 presumably presumably RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 35 mediated mediate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 36 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 37 one one CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 38 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 39 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 40 surface surface NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 41 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 42 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 43 19 19 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 44 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 45 20 20 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 17 47 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 2 fusion fusion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 3 takes take VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 4 place place NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 5 either either CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 6 at at IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 7 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 8 plasma plasma NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 9 membrane membrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 10 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 11 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 12 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 13 endosomes endosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 14 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 15 releases release VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 16 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 17 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 18 into into IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 19 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 20 host host NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 21 cell cell NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 22 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 24 19 19 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 27 Figure figure NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 28 2 2 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 29 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 30 step step NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 31 1 1 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 18 33 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 1 After after IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 2 genomic genomic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 4 uncoating uncoate VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 5 from from IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 6 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 7 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 8 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 9 two two CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 10 large large JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 11 replicase replicase NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 12 open open JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 13 reading reading NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 14 frames frame NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 16 ORFs ORFs NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 18 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 19 ORF1a ORF1a NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 20 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 21 ORF1b ORF1b NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 22 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 23 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 24 translated translate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 25 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 26 host host NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 27 ribosomes ribosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 28 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 29 yield yield VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 30 two two CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 31 large large JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 32 polyprotein polyprotein JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 33 precursors precursor NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 34 that that WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 35 undergo undergo VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 36 autoproteolytic autoproteolytic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 37 processing processing NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 38 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 39 eventually eventually RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 40 produce produce VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 41 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 42 non non JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 43 - - JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 44 structural structural JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 46 nsp nsp NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 48 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 19 49 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 2 nsp nsp NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 3 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 4 interfere interfere VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 5 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 6 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 7 host host NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 8 defenses defense NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 9 but but CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 10 also also RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 11 induce induce VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 12 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 13 formation formation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 14 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 15 double double JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 16 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 17 membrane membrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 18 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 20 DMVs DMVs NNPS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 22 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 23 convoluted convoluted JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 24 membranes membrane NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 25 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 26 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 27 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 28 they -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 29 collectively collectively RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 30 form form VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 31 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 32 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 33 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 34 transcription transcription NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 35 complexes complex NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 37 RTCs RTCs NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 40 19 19 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 41 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 42 20 20 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 45 Figure figure NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 46 2 2 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 47 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 48 steps step VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 49 2 2 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 50 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 51 3 3 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 52 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 53 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 54 4 4 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 20 56 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 1 These these DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 2 complexes complex NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 3 mediate mediate VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 4 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 5 synthesis synthesis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 6 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 7 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 8 genomic genomic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 10 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 11 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 12 nested nest VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 13 set set NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 14 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 15 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 16 RNAs RNAs NNPS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 17 that that WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 18 directs direct VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 19 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 20 translation translation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 21 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 22 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 23 structural structural JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 24 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 26 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 27 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 28 N n CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 29 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 30 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 31 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 32 membrane membrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 33 M M NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 34 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 35 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 36 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 37 envelope envelope NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 38 E e NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 39 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 40 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 41 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 42 spike spike NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 43 S s NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 44 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 46 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 47 some some DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 48 accessory accessory NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 49 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 50 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 51 like like IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 52 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 53 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 54 esterase esterase NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 55 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 56 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 57 case case NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 58 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 59 Severe severe JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 60 Acute acute JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 61 Respiratory Respiratory NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 62 Syndrome Syndrome NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 63 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 64 SARS)-CoV SARS)-CoV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 65 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 66 Mouse Mouse NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 67 Hepatitis Hepatitis NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 68 Virus Virus NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 69 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 70 MHV MHV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 71 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 72 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 73 21 21 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 74 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 75 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 76 22 22 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 77 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 78 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 79 23 23 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 80 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 81 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 82 Figure figure NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 83 2 2 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 84 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 85 steps step VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 86 5 5 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 87 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 88 6 6 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 89 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 21 90 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 22 1 Newly newly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 22 2 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 22 3 genomic genomic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 22 4 RNAs rna NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 22 5 associate associate VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 22 6 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 22 7 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 22 8 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 22 9 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 22 10 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 22 11 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 22 12 generate generate VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 22 13 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 22 14 so so RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 22 15 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 22 16 called call VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 22 17 ribonucleoprotein ribonucleoprotein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 22 18 complexes complex NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 22 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 22 20 20 20 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 22 21 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 22 22 22 22 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 22 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 22 24 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 2 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 3 structural structural JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 4 envelope envelope NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 5 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 6 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 7 inserted insert VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 8 into into IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 9 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 10 reticulum reticulum NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 12 ER ER NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 14 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 15 targeted target VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 16 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 17 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 18 site site NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 19 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 20 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 21 assembly assembly NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 22 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 23 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 24 ER ER NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 25 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 26 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 27 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 28 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 29 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 30 where where WRB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 31 they -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 32 interact interact VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 33 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 34 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 35 ribonucleoprotein ribonucleoprotein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 36 complex complex NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 37 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 38 initiate initiate VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 39 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 40 budding budding NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 41 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 42 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 43 particles particle NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 44 into into IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 45 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 46 lumen lumen NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 47 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 48 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 49 membrane membrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 50 compartment compartment NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 51 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 52 20 20 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 53 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 54 24 24 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 55 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 56 25 25 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 23 57 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 24 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 24 2 Figure figure NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 24 3 2 2 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 24 4 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 24 5 steps step VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 24 6 7 7 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 24 7 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 24 8 8 8 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 24 9 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 24 10 9 9 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 24 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 24 12 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 25 1 Newly newly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 25 2 formed form VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 25 3 virions virion NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 25 4 then then RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 25 5 egress egress VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 25 6 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 25 7 host host NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 25 8 cell cell NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 25 9 through through IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 25 10 secretion secretion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 25 11 via via IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 25 12 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 25 13 exocytic exocytic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 25 14 pathway pathway NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 25 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 25 16 20 20 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 25 17 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 25 18 24 24 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 25 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 26 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 26 2 Figure figure NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 26 3 2 2 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 26 4 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 26 5 step step VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 26 6 10 10 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 26 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 26 8 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 1 Viruses virus NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 2 2017 2017 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 3 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 4 9 9 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 5 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 6 182 182 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 7 3 3 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 8 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 9 14 14 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 10 they -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 11 interact interact VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 12 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 13 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 14 ribonucleoprotein ribonucleoprotein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 15 complex complex NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 16 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 17 initiate initiate VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 18 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 19 budding budding NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 20 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 21 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 22 particles particle NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 23 into into IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 24 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 25 lumen lumen NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 26 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 27 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 28 membrane membrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 29 compartment compartment NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 31 20 20 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 32 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 33 24 24 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 34 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 35 25 25 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 38 Figure figure NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 39 2 2 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 40 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 41 steps step VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 42 7 7 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 43 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 44 8 8 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 45 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 46 9 9 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 27 48 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 28 1 Newly newly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 28 2 formed form VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 28 3 virions virion NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 28 4 then then RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 28 5 egress egress VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 28 6 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 28 7 host host NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 28 8 cell cell NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 28 9 through through IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 28 10 secretion secretion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 28 11 via via IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 28 12 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 28 13 exocytic exocytic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 28 14 pathway pathway NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 28 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 28 16 20 20 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 28 17 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 28 18 24 24 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 28 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 29 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 29 2 Figure figure NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 29 3 2 2 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 29 4 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 29 5 step step VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 29 6 10 10 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 29 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 29 8 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 30 1 Generalization generalization NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 30 2 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 30 3 Nidovirales Nidovirales NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 30 4 life life NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 30 5 cycle cycle NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 30 6 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 30 7 based base VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 30 8 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 30 9 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 30 10 information information NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 30 11 acquired acquire VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 30 12 studying study VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 30 13 Arteriviruses Arteriviruses NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 30 14 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 30 15 Coronaviruses Coronaviruses NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 30 16 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 1 Infection infection NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 2 starts start VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 3 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 4 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 5 binding binding NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 6 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 7 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 8 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 9 particle particle NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 10 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 11 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 12 cell cell NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 13 surface surface NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 14 receptor receptor NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 15 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 16 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 17 cell cell NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 18 entry entry NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 19 through through IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 20 membrane membrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 21 fusion fusion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 22 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 23 endosomes endosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 24 upon upon IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 25 endocytosis endocytosis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 27 step step NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 28 1 1 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 31 30 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 1 Translation translation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 2 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 3 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 4 released release VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 5 genomic genomic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 8 gRNA gRNA NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 10 yields yield VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 11 replicase replicase NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 12 polyproteins polyproteins NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 14 step step NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 15 2 2 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 17 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 18 i.e. i.e. FW cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 19 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 20 polyprotein polyprotein NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 21 1a 1a CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 23 pp1a pp1a NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 25 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 26 polyprotein polyprotein JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 27 1ab 1ab NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 29 pp1ab pp1ab NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 31 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 32 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 33 undergo undergo VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 34 autoproteolytic autoproteolytic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 35 processing processing NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 36 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 37 generate generate VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 38 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 39 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 40 that that WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 41 assemble assemble VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 42 into into IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 43 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 44 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 45 transcription transcription NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 46 complexes complex NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 48 RTCs RTCs NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 32 50 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 33 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 33 2 RTCs rtc NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 33 3 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 33 4 part part NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 33 5 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 33 6 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 33 7 complex complex JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 33 8 membranous membranous JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 33 9 network network NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 33 10 composed compose VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 33 11 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 33 12 double double JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 33 13 membrane membrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 33 14 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 33 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 33 16 DMVs dmv NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 33 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 33 18 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 33 19 convoluted convoluted JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 33 20 membranes membrane NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 33 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 33 22 step step NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 33 23 4 4 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 33 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 33 25 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 2 RTCs rtc NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 3 first first RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 4 engage engage VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 5 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 6 minus minus JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 7 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 8 strand strand NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 10 synthesis synthesis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 11 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 12 produce produce VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 13 both both DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 14 single single JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 15 strand strand NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 16 full full JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 17 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 18 length length NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 19 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 20 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 22 sg sg NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 24 minus minus JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 25 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 26 strand strand NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 27 RNAs rna NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 29 step step NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 30 5 5 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 34 32 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 1 Subsequently subsequently RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 4 use use VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 5 sg sg NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 6 mRNAs mRNAs NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 7 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 8 templates template NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 9 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 10 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 11 production production NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 12 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 13 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 14 gRNA gRNA NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 15 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 16 plus plus JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 17 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 18 strand strand NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 19 sg sg NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 20 mRNAs mRNAs NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 21 required require VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 22 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 23 express express VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 24 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 25 structural structural JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 26 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 27 genes gene NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 29 step step NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 30 6 6 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 35 32 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 1 Newly newly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 2 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 3 S S NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 4 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 5 E E NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 6 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 7 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 8 M M NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 9 structural structural JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 10 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 11 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 12 inserted insert VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 13 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 14 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 15 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 16 reticulum reticulum NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 18 ER ER NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 21 steps step VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 22 7 7 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 23 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 24 8) 8) NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 25 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 26 whereas whereas IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 27 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 28 N n CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 29 nucleocapsides nucleocapside NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 30 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 31 translated translate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 32 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 33 oligomerize oligomerize NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 34 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 35 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 36 cytosol cytosol NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 37 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 38 where where WRB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 39 they -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 40 interact interact VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 41 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 42 RTCs rtc NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 43 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 44 associate associate VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 45 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 46 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 47 gRNA gRNA NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 48 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 49 form form VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 50 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 51 ribonucleoprotein ribonucleoprotein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 52 complexes complex NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 54 step step NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 55 7 7 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 36 57 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 1 Virion virion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 2 assembly assembly NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 3 takes take VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 4 place place NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 5 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 6 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 7 ER ER NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 8 and/or and/or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 9 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 11 step step NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 12 9 9 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 14 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 15 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 16 involves involve VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 17 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 18 inward inward JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 19 budding budding NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 20 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 21 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 22 limiting limit VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 23 membrane membrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 24 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 25 these these DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 26 compartments compartment NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 27 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 28 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 29 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 30 triggered trigger VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 31 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 32 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 33 interaction interaction NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 34 between between IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 35 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 36 structural structural JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 37 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 38 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 39 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 40 ribonucleoprotein ribonucleoprotein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 41 complexes complex NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 37 42 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 38 1 Mature mature JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 38 2 virions virion NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 38 3 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 38 4 released release VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 38 5 extracellularly extracellularly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 38 6 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 38 7 exocytosis exocytosis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 38 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 38 9 step step NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 38 10 10 10 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 38 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 38 12 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 1 Within within IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 2 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 3 term term NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 4 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 5 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 6 grouped group VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 7 all all PDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 8 those those DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 9 catabolic catabolic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 10 pathways pathway NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 11 mediating mediate VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 12 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 13 delivery delivery NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 14 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 15 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 16 material material NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 17 into into IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 18 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 19 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 20 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 21 plant plant NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 22 / / SYM cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 23 yeast yeast NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 24 vacuole vacuole NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 25 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 26 degradation degradation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 39 27 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 40 1 There there EX cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 40 2 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 40 3 three three CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 40 4 major major JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 40 5 types type NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 40 6 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 40 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 40 8 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 40 9 i.e. i.e. FW cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 40 10 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 40 11 macroautophagy macroautophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 40 12 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 40 13 microautophagy microautophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 40 14 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 40 15 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 40 16 chaperone chaperone NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 40 17 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 40 18 mediated mediate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 40 19 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 40 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 40 21 26 26 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 40 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 40 23 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 1 Macroautophagy Macroautophagy NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 3 hereafter hereafter RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 4 referred refer VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 5 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 6 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 9 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 10 conserved conserve VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 11 among among IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 12 eukaryotes eukaryote NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 13 that that WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 14 allows allow VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 15 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 16 turnover turnover NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 17 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 18 excess excess JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 19 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 20 damaged damage VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 21 cellular cellular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 22 components component NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 23 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 24 including include VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 25 long long RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 26 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 27 lived live VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 28 Arteriviruses Arteriviruses NNPS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 29 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 30 Coronaviruses Coronaviruses NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 41 31 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 1 Infection infection NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 2 starts start VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 3 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 4 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 5 binding binding NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 6 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 7 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 8 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 9 particle particle NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 10 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 11 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 12 cell cell NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 13 surface surface NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 14 receptor receptor NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 15 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 16 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 17 cell cell NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 18 entry entry NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 19 through through IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 20 membrane membrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 21 fusion fusion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 22 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 23 endosomes endosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 24 upon upon IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 25 endocytosis endocytosis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 27 step step NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 28 1 1 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 42 30 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 1 Translation translation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 2 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 3 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 4 released release VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 5 genomic genomic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 8 gRNA gRNA NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 10 yields yield VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 11 replicase replicase NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 12 polyproteins polyproteins NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 14 step step NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 15 2 2 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 17 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 18 i.e. i.e. FW cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 19 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 20 polyprotein polyprotein NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 21 1a 1a CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 23 pp1a pp1a NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 25 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 26 polyprotein polyprotein JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 27 1ab 1ab NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 29 pp1ab pp1ab NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 31 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 32 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 33 undergo undergo VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 34 autoproteolytic autoproteolytic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 35 processing processing NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 36 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 37 generate generate VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 38 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 39 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 40 that that WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 41 assemble assemble VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 42 into into IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 43 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 44 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 45 transcription transcription NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 46 complexes complex NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 48 RTCs RTCs NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 43 50 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 44 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 44 2 RTCs rtc NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 44 3 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 44 4 part part NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 44 5 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 44 6 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 44 7 complex complex JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 44 8 membranous membranous JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 44 9 network network NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 44 10 composed compose VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 44 11 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 44 12 double double JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 44 13 membrane membrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 44 14 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 44 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 44 16 DMVs dmv NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 44 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 44 18 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 44 19 convoluted convoluted JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 44 20 membranes membrane NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 44 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 44 22 step step NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 44 23 4 4 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 44 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 44 25 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 2 RTCs rtc NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 3 first first RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 4 engage engage VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 5 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 6 minus minus JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 7 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 8 strand strand NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 10 synthesis synthesis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 11 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 12 produce produce VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 13 both both DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 14 single single JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 15 strand strand NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 16 full full JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 17 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 18 length length NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 19 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 20 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 22 sg sg NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 24 minus minus JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 25 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 26 strand strand NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 27 RNAs rna NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 29 step step NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 30 5 5 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 45 32 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 1 Subsequently subsequently RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 4 use use VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 5 sg sg NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 6 mRNAs mRNAs NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 7 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 8 templates template NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 9 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 10 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 11 production production NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 12 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 13 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 14 gRNA gRNA NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 15 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 16 plus plus JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 17 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 18 strand strand NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 19 sg sg NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 20 mRNAs mRNAs NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 21 required require VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 22 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 23 express express VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 24 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 25 structural structural JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 26 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 27 genes gene NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 29 step step NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 30 6 6 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 46 32 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 1 Newly newly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 2 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 3 S S NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 4 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 5 E E NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 6 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 7 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 8 M M NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 9 structural structural JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 10 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 11 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 12 inserted insert VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 13 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 14 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 15 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 16 reticulum reticulum NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 18 ER ER NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 21 steps step VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 22 7 7 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 23 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 24 8) 8) NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 25 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 26 whereas whereas IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 27 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 28 N n CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 29 nucleocapsides nucleocapside NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 30 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 31 translated translate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 32 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 33 oligomerize oligomerize NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 34 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 35 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 36 cytosol cytosol NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 37 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 38 where where WRB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 39 they -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 40 interact interact VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 41 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 42 RTCs rtc NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 43 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 44 associate associate VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 45 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 46 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 47 gRNA gRNA NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 48 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 49 form form VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 50 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 51 ribonucleoprotein ribonucleoprotein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 52 complexes complex NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 54 step step NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 55 7 7 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 47 57 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 1 Virion virion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 2 assembly assembly NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 3 takes take VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 4 place place NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 5 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 6 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 7 ER ER NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 8 and/or and/or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 9 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 11 step step NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 12 9 9 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 14 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 15 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 16 involves involve VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 17 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 18 inward inward JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 19 budding budding NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 20 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 21 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 22 limiting limit VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 23 membrane membrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 24 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 25 these these DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 26 compartments compartment NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 27 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 28 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 29 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 30 triggered trigger VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 31 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 32 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 33 interaction interaction NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 34 between between IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 35 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 36 structural structural JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 37 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 38 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 39 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 40 ribonucleoprotein ribonucleoprotein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 41 complexes complex NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 48 42 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 49 1 Mature mature JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 49 2 virions virion NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 49 3 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 49 4 released release VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 49 5 extracellularly extracellularly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 49 6 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 49 7 exocytosis exocytosis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 49 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 49 9 step step NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 49 10 10 10 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 49 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 49 12 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 1 Within within IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 2 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 3 term term NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 4 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 5 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 6 grouped group VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 7 all all PDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 8 those those DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 9 catabolic catabolic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 10 pathways pathway NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 11 mediating mediate VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 12 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 13 delivery delivery NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 14 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 15 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 16 material material NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 17 into into IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 18 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 19 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 20 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 21 plant plant NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 22 / / SYM cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 23 yeast yeast NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 24 vacuole vacuole NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 25 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 26 degradation degradation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 50 27 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 51 1 There there EX cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 51 2 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 51 3 three three CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 51 4 major major JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 51 5 types type NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 51 6 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 51 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 51 8 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 51 9 i.e. i.e. FW cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 51 10 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 51 11 macroautophagy macroautophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 51 12 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 51 13 microautophagy microautophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 51 14 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 51 15 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 51 16 chaperone chaperone NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 51 17 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 51 18 mediated mediate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 51 19 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 51 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 51 21 26 26 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 51 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 51 23 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 1 Macroautophagy Macroautophagy NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 3 hereafter hereafter RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 4 referred refer VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 5 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 6 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 9 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 10 conserved conserve VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 11 among among IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 12 eukaryotes eukaryote NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 13 that that WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 14 allows allow VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 15 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 16 turnover turnover NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 17 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 18 excess excess JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 19 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 20 damaged damage VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 21 cellular cellular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 22 components component NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 23 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 24 including include VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 25 long long RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 26 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 27 lived live VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 28 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 29 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 30 organelles organelle NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 31 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 32 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 33 maintain maintain VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 34 cellular cellular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 35 energy energy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 36 levels level NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 37 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 38 ensure ensure VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 39 survival survival NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 41 27 27 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 52 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 53 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 53 2 28 28 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 53 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 53 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 53 5 29 29 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 53 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 53 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 53 8 30 30 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 53 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 53 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 53 11 31 31 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 53 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 53 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 53 14 32 32 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 53 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 53 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 53 17 33 33 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 53 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 53 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 53 20 34 34 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 53 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 53 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 53 23 35 35 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 53 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 53 25 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 1 This this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 2 process process NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 3 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 4 characterized characterize VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 5 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 6 double double JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 7 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 8 membrane membrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 9 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 10 called call VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 11 autophagosomes autophagosomes NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 12 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 13 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 14 sequester sequester VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 15 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 16 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 17 components component NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 18 targeted target VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 19 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 20 destruction destruction NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 21 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 22 deliver deliver VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 23 them -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 24 into into IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 25 lysosomes lysosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 26 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 27 degradation degradation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 29 33 33 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 32 34 34 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 35 35 35 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 38 36 36 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 54 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 55 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 55 2 37 37 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 55 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 55 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 55 5 Figure figure NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 55 6 3 3 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 55 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 55 8 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 2 process process NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 3 can can MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 4 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 5 divided divide VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 6 into into IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 7 three three CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 8 different different JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 9 steps step NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 10 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 11 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 12 initiation initiation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 13 step step NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 14 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 15 when when WRB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 16 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 17 phagophore phagophore NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 18 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 19 isolation isolation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 20 membrane membrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 21 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 22 formed form VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 23 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 24 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 25 elongation elongation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 26 step step NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 27 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 28 during during IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 29 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 30 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 31 phagophore phagophore NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 32 expands expand VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 33 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 34 close close JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 35 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 36 generate generate VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 37 an an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 38 autophagosome autophagosome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 39 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 40 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 41 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 42 maturation maturation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 43 step step NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 44 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 45 where where WRB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 46 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 47 autophagosome autophagosome JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 48 fuses fuse VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 49 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 50 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 51 lysosome lysosome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 53 Figure figure NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 54 3 3 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 56 56 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 1 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 2 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 3 regulated regulate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 4 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 5 several several JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 6 signaling signaling NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 7 cascades cascade NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 8 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 9 including include VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 10 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 11 one one NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 12 centered center VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 13 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 14 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 15 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 16 target target NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 17 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 18 rapamycin rapamycin NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 20 mTOR mTOR NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 23 34 34 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 24 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 25 35 35 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 26 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 27 38 38 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 57 29 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 58 1 Autophagosomes Autophagosomes NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 58 2 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 58 3 formed form VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 58 4 through through IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 58 5 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 58 6 concerted concerted JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 58 7 action action NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 58 8 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 58 9 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 58 10 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 58 11 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 58 12 related relate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 58 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 58 14 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 58 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 58 16 genes gene NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 58 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 58 18 29 29 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 58 19 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 58 20 33 33 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 58 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 58 22 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 59 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 59 2 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 59 3 encoded encode VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 59 4 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 59 5 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 59 6 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 59 7 genes gene NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 59 8 have have VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 59 9 been be VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 59 10 classified classify VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 59 11 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 59 12 five five CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 59 13 functional functional JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 59 14 groups group NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 59 15 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 60 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 60 2 unc-51 unc-51 JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 60 3 like like IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 60 4 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 60 5 activating activate VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 60 6 kinase kinase NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 60 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 60 8 ULK ULK NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 60 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 1 kinase kinase NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 2 complex complex NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 3 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 4 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 5 class class NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 6 III iii CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 7 hVPS34 hVPS34 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 8 phosphatidylinositol phosphatidylinositol JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 9 3-kinase 3-kinase CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 10 complex complex NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 11 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 12 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 13 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 14 ATG9 ATG9 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 15 cycling cycling NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 16 system system NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 17 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 18 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 19 one one CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 20 hand hand NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 21 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 22 play play VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 23 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 24 key key JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 25 role role NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 26 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 27 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 28 initiation initiation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 29 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 30 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 31 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 32 phagophore phagophore NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 33 formation formation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 61 34 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 62 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 62 2 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 62 3 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 62 4 microtubule microtubule NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 62 5 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 62 6 associated associate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 62 7 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 62 8 light light NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 62 9 chain chain NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 62 10 3 3 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 63 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 63 2 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 63 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 63 4 conjugation conjugation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 63 5 systems system NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 63 6 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 63 7 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 63 8 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 63 9 other other JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 63 10 hand hand NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 63 11 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 63 12 mediate mediate VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 63 13 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 63 14 elongation elongation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 63 15 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 63 16 closure closure NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 63 17 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 63 18 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 63 19 phagophore phagophore NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 63 20 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 2 first first JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 3 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 4 these these DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 5 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 6 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 7 complexes complex NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 8 responds respond VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 9 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 10 upstream upstream VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 11 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 12 signals signal NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 13 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 14 such such JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 15 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 16 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 17 inactivation inactivation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 18 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 19 mTOR mTOR NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 20 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 21 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 22 key key NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 23 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 24 initiating initiate VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 25 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 26 formation formation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 27 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 28 an an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 29 autophagosome autophagosome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 30 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 31 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 32 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 33 ULK ULK NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 34 kinase kinase NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 35 complex complex NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 36 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 37 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 38 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 39 composed compose VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 40 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 41 ULK1 ULK1 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 42 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 43 ULK2 ULK2 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 44 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 45 ATG13 atg13 ADD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 46 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 47 FAK FAK NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 48 family family NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 49 kinase kinase NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 50 - - : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 51 interacting interact VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 52 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 53 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 54 200 200 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 55 kDa kDa NNPS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 57 FIP200 FIP200 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 59 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 60 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 61 ATG101 ATG101 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 62 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 63 31 31 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 64 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 65 39 39 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 66 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 64 67 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 65 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 65 2 class class NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 1 III III NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 2 hVPS34 hVPS34 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 3 phosphatidylinositol phosphatidylinositol JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 4 3-kinase 3-kinase CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 5 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 6 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 7 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 8 part part NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 9 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 10 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 11 complex complex NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 12 including include VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 13 hVPS15 hVPS15 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 14 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 15 ATG14L1 ATG14L1 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 16 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 17 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 18 BECLIN1 BECLIN1 NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 19 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 20 generates generate VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 21 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 22 pool pool NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 23 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 24 phosphatidylinositol phosphatidylinositol JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 25 3-phosphate 3-phosphate CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 27 PtdIns3P PtdIns3P NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 29 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 30 autophagosomal autophagosomal NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 31 membranes membrane NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 32 that that WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 33 facilitates facilitate VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 34 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 35 recruitment recruitment NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 36 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 37 PtdIns3P PtdIns3P NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 38 effectors effector NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 39 such such JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 40 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 41 double double JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 42 FYVE FYVE NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 43 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 44 containing contain VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 45 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 46 1 1 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 48 DFCP1 DFCP1 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 50 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 51 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 52 human human JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 53 WD WD NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 54 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 55 repeat repeat NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 56 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 57 interacting interact VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 58 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 59 phosphoinositides phosphoinositide NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 61 WIPI WIPI NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 63 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 64 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 65 40 40 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 66 66 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 67 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 67 2 41 41 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 67 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 68 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 68 2 42 42 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 68 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 68 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 68 5 43 43 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 68 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 68 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 68 8 44 44 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 68 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 68 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 68 11 45 45 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 68 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 68 13 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 2 hVPS34-containing hvps34-containe VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 3 complex complex NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 4 as as RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 5 well well RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 6 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 7 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 8 transmembrane transmembrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 9 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 10 ATG9 ATG9 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 11 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 12 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 13 two two CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 14 other other JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 15 important important JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 16 factors factor NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 17 during during IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 18 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 19 early early JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 20 stage stage NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 21 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 22 autophagosome autophagosome JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 23 biogenesis biogenesis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 25 46 46 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 26 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 27 47 47 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 69 29 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 1 Subsequently subsequently RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 3 two two CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 4 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 5 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 6 like like JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 7 systems system NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 8 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 9 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 10 ultimately ultimately RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 11 recruit recruit VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 12 members member NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 13 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 14 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 15 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 16 / / SYM cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 17 ATG8 ATG8 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 18 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 19 family family NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 20 onto onto IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 21 autophagosomal autophagosomal NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 22 membranes membrane NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 23 through through IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 24 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 25 conjugation conjugation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 26 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 27 phosphatidylethanolamine phosphatidylethanolamine NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 28 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 29 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 30 essential essential JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 31 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 32 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 33 completion completion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 34 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 35 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 36 forming form VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 37 autophagosomes autophagosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 39 47 47 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 70 41 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 1 Finally finally RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 3 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 4 fusion fusion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 5 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 6 autophagosomes autophagosomes NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 7 first first RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 8 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 9 endosomes endosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 10 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 11 then then RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 12 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 13 lysosomes lysosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 14 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 15 leads lead VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 16 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 17 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 18 formation formation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 19 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 20 amphisomes amphisomes NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 21 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 22 autolysosomes autolysosomes NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 23 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 24 respectively respectively RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 25 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 26 where where WRB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 27 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 28 degradation degradation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 29 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 30 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 31 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 32 cargoes cargo NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 33 take take VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 34 place place NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 36 37 37 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 71 38 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 1 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 2 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 3 organelles organelle NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 4 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 5 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 6 maintain maintain VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 7 cellular cellular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 8 energy energy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 9 levels level NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 10 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 11 ensure ensure VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 12 survival survival NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 14 27 27 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 17 28 28 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 20 29 29 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 23 30 30 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 26 31 31 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 72 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 73 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 73 2 32 32 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 73 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 73 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 73 5 33 33 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 73 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 73 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 73 8 34 34 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 73 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 73 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 73 11 35 35 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 73 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 73 13 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 1 This this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 2 process process NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 3 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 4 characterized characterize VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 5 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 6 double double JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 7 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 8 membrane membrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 9 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 10 called call VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 11 autophagosomes autophagosomes NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 12 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 13 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 14 sequester sequester VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 15 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 16 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 17 components component NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 18 targeted target VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 19 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 20 destruction destruction NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 21 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 22 deliver deliver VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 23 them -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 24 into into IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 25 lysosomes lysosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 26 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 27 degradation degradation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 29 33 33 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 32 34 34 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 35 35 35 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 38 36 36 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 74 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 75 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 75 2 37 37 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 75 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 75 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 75 5 Figure figure NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 75 6 3 3 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 75 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 75 8 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 2 process process NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 3 can can MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 4 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 5 divided divide VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 6 into into IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 7 three three CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 8 different different JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 9 steps step NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 10 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 11 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 12 initiation initiation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 13 step step NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 14 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 15 when when WRB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 16 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 17 phagophore phagophore NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 18 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 19 isolation isolation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 20 membrane membrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 21 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 22 formed form VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 23 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 24 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 25 elongation elongation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 26 step step NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 27 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 28 during during IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 29 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 30 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 31 phagophore phagophore NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 32 expands expand VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 33 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 34 close close JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 35 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 36 generate generate VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 37 an an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 38 autophagosome autophagosome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 39 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 40 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 41 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 42 maturation maturation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 43 step step NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 44 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 45 where where WRB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 46 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 47 autophagosome autophagosome JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 48 fuses fuse VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 49 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 50 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 51 lysosome lysosome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 53 Figure figure NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 54 3 3 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 76 56 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 1 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 2 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 3 regulated regulate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 4 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 5 several several JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 6 signaling signaling NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 7 cascades cascade NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 8 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 9 including include VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 10 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 11 one one NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 12 centered center VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 13 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 14 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 15 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 16 target target NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 17 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 18 rapamycin rapamycin NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 20 mTOR mTOR NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 23 34 34 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 24 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 25 35 35 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 26 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 27 38 38 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 77 29 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 78 1 Autophagosomes Autophagosomes NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 78 2 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 78 3 formed form VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 78 4 through through IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 78 5 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 78 6 concerted concerted JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 78 7 action action NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 78 8 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 78 9 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 78 10 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 78 11 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 78 12 related relate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 78 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 78 14 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 78 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 78 16 genes gene NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 78 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 78 18 29 29 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 78 19 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 78 20 33 33 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 78 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 78 22 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 79 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 79 2 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 79 3 encoded encode VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 79 4 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 79 5 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 79 6 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 79 7 genes gene NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 79 8 have have VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 79 9 been be VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 79 10 classified classify VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 79 11 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 79 12 five five CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 79 13 functional functional JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 79 14 groups group NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 79 15 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 80 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 80 2 unc-51 unc-51 JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 80 3 like like IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 80 4 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 80 5 activating activate VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 80 6 kinase kinase NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 80 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 80 8 ULK ULK NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 80 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 1 kinase kinase NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 2 complex complex NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 3 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 4 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 5 class class NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 6 III iii CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 7 hVPS34 hVPS34 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 8 phosphatidylinositol phosphatidylinositol JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 9 3-kinase 3-kinase CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 10 complex complex NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 11 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 12 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 13 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 14 ATG9 ATG9 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 15 cycling cycling NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 16 system system NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 17 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 18 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 19 one one CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 20 hand hand NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 21 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 22 play play VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 23 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 24 key key JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 25 role role NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 26 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 27 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 28 initiation initiation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 29 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 30 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 31 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 32 phagophore phagophore NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 33 formation formation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 81 34 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 82 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 82 2 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 82 3 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 82 4 microtubule microtubule NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 82 5 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 82 6 associated associate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 82 7 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 82 8 light light NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 82 9 chain chain NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 82 10 3 3 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 83 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 83 2 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 83 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 83 4 conjugation conjugation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 83 5 systems system NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 83 6 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 83 7 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 83 8 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 83 9 other other JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 83 10 hand hand NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 83 11 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 83 12 mediate mediate VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 83 13 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 83 14 elongation elongation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 83 15 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 83 16 closure closure NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 83 17 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 83 18 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 83 19 phagophore phagophore NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 83 20 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 2 first first JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 3 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 4 these these DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 5 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 6 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 7 complexes complex NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 8 responds respond VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 9 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 10 upstream upstream VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 11 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 12 signals signal NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 13 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 14 such such JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 15 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 16 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 17 inactivation inactivation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 18 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 19 mTOR mTOR NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 20 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 21 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 22 key key NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 23 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 24 initiating initiate VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 25 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 26 formation formation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 27 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 28 an an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 29 autophagosome autophagosome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 30 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 31 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 32 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 33 ULK ULK NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 34 kinase kinase NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 35 complex complex NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 36 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 37 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 38 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 39 composed compose VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 40 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 41 ULK1 ULK1 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 42 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 43 ULK2 ULK2 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 44 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 45 ATG13 atg13 ADD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 46 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 47 FAK FAK NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 48 family family NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 49 kinaseinteracting kinaseinteracte VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 50 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 51 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 52 200 200 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 53 kDa kDa NNPS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 55 FIP200 FIP200 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 57 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 58 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 59 ATG101 ATG101 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 60 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 61 31 31 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 62 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 63 39 39 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 64 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 84 65 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 85 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 85 2 class class NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 1 III III NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 2 hVPS34 hVPS34 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 3 phosphatidylinositol phosphatidylinositol JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 4 3-kinase 3-kinase CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 5 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 6 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 7 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 8 part part NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 9 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 10 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 11 complex complex NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 12 including include VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 13 hVPS15 hVPS15 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 14 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 15 ATG14L1 ATG14L1 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 16 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 17 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 18 BECLIN1 BECLIN1 NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 19 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 20 generates generate VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 21 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 22 pool pool NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 23 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 24 phosphatidylinositol phosphatidylinositol JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 25 3-phosphate 3-phosphate CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 27 PtdIns3P PtdIns3P NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 29 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 30 autophagosomal autophagosomal NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 31 membranes membrane NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 32 that that WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 33 facilitates facilitate VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 34 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 35 recruitment recruitment NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 36 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 37 PtdIns3P PtdIns3P NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 38 effectors effector NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 39 such such JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 40 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 41 double double JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 42 FYVE FYVE NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 43 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 44 containing contain VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 45 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 46 1 1 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 48 DFCP1 DFCP1 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 50 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 51 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 52 human human JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 53 WD WD NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 54 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 55 repeat repeat NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 56 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 57 interacting interact VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 58 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 59 phosphoinositides phosphoinositide NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 61 WIPI WIPI NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 63 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 64 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 65 40 40 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 86 66 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 87 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 87 2 41 41 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 87 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 88 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 88 2 42 42 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 88 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 88 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 88 5 43 43 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 88 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 88 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 88 8 44 44 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 88 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 88 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 88 11 45 45 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 88 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 88 13 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 2 hVPS34-containing hvps34-containe VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 3 complex complex NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 4 as as RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 5 well well RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 6 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 7 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 8 transmembrane transmembrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 9 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 10 ATG9 ATG9 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 11 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 12 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 13 two two CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 14 other other JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 15 important important JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 16 factors factor NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 17 during during IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 18 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 19 early early JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 20 stage stage NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 21 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 22 autophagosome autophagosome JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 23 biogenesis biogenesis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 25 46 46 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 26 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 27 47 47 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 89 29 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 1 Subsequently subsequently RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 3 two two CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 4 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 5 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 6 like like JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 7 systems system NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 8 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 9 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 10 ultimately ultimately RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 11 recruit recruit VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 12 members member NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 13 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 14 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 15 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 16 / / SYM cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 17 ATG8 ATG8 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 18 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 19 family family NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 20 onto onto IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 21 autophagosomal autophagosomal NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 22 membranes membrane NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 23 through through IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 24 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 25 conjugation conjugation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 26 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 27 phosphatidylethanolamine phosphatidylethanolamine NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 28 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 29 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 30 essential essential JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 31 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 32 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 33 completion completion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 34 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 35 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 36 forming form VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 37 autophagosomes autophagosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 39 47 47 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 90 41 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 1 Finally finally RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 3 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 4 fusion fusion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 5 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 6 autophagosomes autophagosomes NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 7 first first RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 8 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 9 endosomes endosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 10 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 11 then then RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 12 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 13 lysosomes lysosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 14 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 15 leads lead VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 16 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 17 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 18 formation formation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 19 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 20 amphisomes amphisomes NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 21 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 22 autolysosomes autolysosomes NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 23 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 24 respectively respectively RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 25 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 26 where where WRB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 27 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 28 degradation degradation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 29 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 30 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 31 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 32 cargoes cargo NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 33 take take VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 34 place place NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 36 37 37 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 91 38 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 2 has have VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 3 long long RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 4 been be VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 5 believed believe VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 6 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 7 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 8 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 9 proteome proteome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 10 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 11 exclusively exclusively RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 12 involved involve VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 13 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 14 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 15 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 16 but but CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 17 recent recent JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 18 findings finding NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 19 have have VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 20 revealed reveal VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 21 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 22 single single JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 23 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 24 genes gene NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 25 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 26 functional functional JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 27 clusters cluster NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 28 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 29 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 30 genes gene NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 31 fulfill fulfill VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 32 important important JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 33 cellular cellular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 34 functions function NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 35 outside outside IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 36 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 37 context context NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 38 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 39 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 40 role role NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 41 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 42 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 44 48 48 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 47 49 49 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 49 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 50 50 50 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 92 52 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 1 Some some DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 2 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 3 these these DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 4 functions function NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 5 have have VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 6 It -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 7 has have VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 8 long long RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 9 been be VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 10 believed believe VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 11 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 12 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 13 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 14 proteome proteome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 15 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 16 exclusively exclusively RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 17 involved involve VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 18 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 19 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 20 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 21 but but CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 22 recent recent JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 23 findings finding NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 24 have have VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 25 revealed reveal VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 26 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 27 single single JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 28 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 29 genes gene NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 30 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 31 functional functional JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 32 clusters cluster NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 33 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 34 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 35 genes gene NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 36 fulfill fulfill VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 37 important important JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 38 cellular cellular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 39 functions function NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 40 outside outside IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 41 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 42 context context NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 43 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 44 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 45 role role NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 46 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 47 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 49 48 48 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 93 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 94 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 94 2 49 49 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 94 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 94 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 94 5 50 50 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 94 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 94 7 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 95 1 Some some DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 95 2 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 95 3 these these DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 95 4 functions function NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 95 5 have have VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 95 6 been be VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 95 7 discovered discover VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 95 8 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 95 9 studying study VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 95 10 host host NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 95 11 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 95 12 pathogen pathogen NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 95 13 interactions interaction NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 95 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 95 15 48 48 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 95 16 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 95 17 49 49 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 95 18 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 95 19 51 51 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 95 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 95 21 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 96 1 For for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 96 2 example example NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 96 3 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 96 4 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 96 5 but but CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 96 6 no no DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 96 7 other other JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 96 8 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 96 9 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 96 10 play play VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 96 11 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 96 12 unique unique JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 96 13 role role NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 96 14 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 96 15 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 96 16 defense defense NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 96 17 against against IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 96 18 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 96 19 infection infection NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 96 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 96 21 52 52 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 96 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 96 23 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 1 More more RBR cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 2 recently recently RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 3 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 5 has have VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 6 been be VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 7 shown show VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 8 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 9 FIP200 FIP200 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 10 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 11 ATG13 ATG13 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 12 participate participate VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 13 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 14 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 15 controlling controlling NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 16 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 17 picornaviral picornaviral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 18 infections infection NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 19 outside outside IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 20 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 21 context context NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 22 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 23 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 25 53 53 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 97 27 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 98 1 Here here RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 98 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 98 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 98 4 will will MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 98 5 review review VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 98 6 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 98 7 current current JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 98 8 knowledge knowledge NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 98 9 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 98 10 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 98 11 interplay interplay NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 98 12 between between IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 98 13 Nidovirales Nidovirales NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 98 14 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 98 15 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 98 16 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 99 1 There there EX cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 99 2 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 99 3 currently currently RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 99 4 no no DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 99 5 data datum NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 99 6 available available JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 99 7 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 99 8 several several JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 99 9 viruses virus NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 99 10 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 99 11 few few JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 99 12 Nidovirales Nidovirales NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 99 13 families family NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 99 14 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 100 1 Thus thus RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 100 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 100 3 this this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 100 4 compendium compendium NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 100 5 will will MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 100 6 focus focus VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 100 7 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 100 8 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 100 9 documented document VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 100 10 viruses virus NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 100 11 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 100 12 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 100 13 Arterivirus Arterivirus NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 100 14 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 100 15 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 100 16 families family NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 100 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 100 18 summarized summarize VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 100 19 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 100 20 Table Table NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 100 21 1 1 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 100 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 100 23 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 1 Green green JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 2 shading shading NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 3 indicates indicate VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 4 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 5 pro pro JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 6 - - JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 7 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 8 role role NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 9 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 10 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 11 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 12 grey grey JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 13 shading shading NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 14 indicates indicate VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 15 conflictual conflictual JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 16 reports report NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 17 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 18 blue blue JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 19 shading shading NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 20 highlights highlight VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 21 an an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 22 unconventional unconventional JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 23 role role NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 24 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 25 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 26 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 27 related relate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 29 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 31 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 101 32 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 2 table table NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 3 also also RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 4 provides provide VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 5 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 6 information information NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 7 about about IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 8 how how WRB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 9 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 10 has have VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 11 been be VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 12 experimentally experimentally RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 13 manipulated manipulate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 14 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 15 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 16 studies study NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 17 addressing address VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 18 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 19 role role NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 20 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 21 this this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 22 pathway pathway NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 23 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 24 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 25 indicated indicate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 26 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 27 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 28 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 29 used use VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 30 cell cell NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 31 types type NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 32 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 33 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 34 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 35 references reference NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 102 36 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 103 1 3-MA 3-ma LS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 103 2 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 103 3 3-methyladenine 3-methyladenine CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 103 4 ; ; : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 103 5 BafA BafA NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 103 6 1 1 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 103 7 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 103 8 bafilomycin bafilomycin NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 104 1 A a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 104 2 1 1 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 105 1 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 105 2 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 105 3 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 105 4 microtubule microtubule NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 105 5 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 105 6 associated associate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 105 7 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 105 8 light light NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 105 9 chain chain NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 105 10 3 3 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 105 11 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 105 12 MEFs mef NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 105 13 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 105 14 mouse mouse NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 105 15 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 105 16 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 105 17 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 106 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 106 2 two two CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 106 3 most most RBS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 106 4 studied study VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 106 5 Arteriviridae Arteriviridae NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 106 6 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 106 7 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 106 8 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 106 9 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 106 10 equine equine JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 106 11 arteritis arteritis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 106 12 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 106 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 106 14 EAV EAV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 106 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 106 16 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 2 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 3 strain strain NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 4 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 5 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 6 was be VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 7 historically historically RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 8 first first RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 9 characterized characterize VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 10 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 11 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 12 commonly commonly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 13 referred refer VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 14 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 15 as as RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 16 atypical atypical JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 18 i.e. i.e. FW cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 19 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 20 AP AP NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 21 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 23 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 24 causes cause VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 25 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 26 abortions abortion NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 27 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 28 10 10 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 29 - - SYM cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 30 50 50 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 31 % % NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 32 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 33 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 34 sows sow NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 35 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 36 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 37 fever fever NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 38 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 39 anorexia anorexia NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 40 leading lead VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 41 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 42 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 43 death death NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 44 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 45 5 5 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 46 - - SYM cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 47 10 10 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 48 % % NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 49 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 50 them -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 51 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 52 69 69 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 53 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 107 54 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 1 However however RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 3 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 4 2006 2006 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 5 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 6 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 7 emergence emergence NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 8 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 9 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 10 novel novel JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 11 virulent virulent NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 12 highly highly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 13 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 14 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 16 HP HP NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 17 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 19 strain strain NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 20 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 21 carrying carry VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 22 mutations mutation NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 23 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 24 nsp1β nsp1β NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 25 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 26 nsp2 nsp2 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 27 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 28 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 29 ORF5 ORF5 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 30 genes gene NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 31 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 32 caused cause VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 33 higher high JJR cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 34 morbidity morbidity NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 36 50 50 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 37 % % NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 39 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 40 mortality mortality NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 42 20 20 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 43 % % NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 45 rates rate NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 46 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 47 piglets piglet NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 48 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 49 sows sow NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 50 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 51 70 70 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 52 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 108 53 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 2 equine equine JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 3 arteritis arteritis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 4 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 5 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 6 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 7 contrast contrast NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 8 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 9 infects infect VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 10 horses horse NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 11 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 12 donkeys donkey NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 13 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 14 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 15 can can MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 16 cause cause VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 17 abortions abortion NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 18 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 19 pregnant pregnant JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 20 females female NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 21 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 22 mortality mortality NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 23 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 24 neonates neonate NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 26 71 71 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 109 28 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 110 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 110 2 first first JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 110 3 study study NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 110 4 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 110 5 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 110 6 role role NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 110 7 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 110 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 110 9 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 110 10 Arterivirus Arterivirus NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 110 11 life life NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 110 12 cycle cycle NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 110 13 was be VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 110 14 carried carry VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 110 15 out out RP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 110 16 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 110 17 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 110 18 HP HP NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 110 19 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 110 20 strain strain VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 110 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 110 22 57 57 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 110 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 110 24 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 1 Infected infected JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 2 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 3 displayed display VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 4 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 5 presence presence NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 6 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 7 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 8 higher high JJR cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 9 number number NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 10 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 11 autophagosome autophagosome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 12 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 13 like like JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 14 double double JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 15 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 16 membrane membrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 17 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 18 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 19 an an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 20 accumulation accumulation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 21 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 22 green green JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 23 fluorescent fluorescent NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 24 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 26 GFP)-LC3-positive gfp)-lc3-positive CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 27 puncta puncta NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 28 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 29 higher high JJR cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 30 levels level NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 31 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 32 lipidated lipidate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 33 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 34 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 35 indicating indicate VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 36 an an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 37 induction induction NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 38 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 39 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 41 57 57 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 111 43 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 1 Inhibition inhibition NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 2 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 3 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 4 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 5 either either DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 6 3-methyladenine 3-methyladenine CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 8 3-MA 3-ma CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 10 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 11 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 12 non non JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 13 - - JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 14 specific specific JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 15 hVPS34 hVPS34 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 16 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 17 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 18 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 19 depletion depletion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 20 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 21 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 22 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 23 BECLIN1 BECLIN1 NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 24 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 25 led lead VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 26 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 27 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 28 significant significant JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 29 reduction reduction NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 30 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 31 both both DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 32 expression expression NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 33 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 34 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 35 nsp2 nsp2 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 36 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 37 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 38 titer titer NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 112 39 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 1 Conversely conversely RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 3 induction induction NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 4 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 5 bulk bulk JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 6 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 7 using use VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 8 rapamycin rapamycin VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 10 mTOR mTOR NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 11 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 13 resulted result VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 14 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 15 an an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 16 enhancement enhancement NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 17 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 18 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 19 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 21 57 57 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 23 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 24 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 25 result result NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 26 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 27 later later RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 28 was be VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 29 confirmed confirm VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 30 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 31 others other NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 33 57 57 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 36 58 58 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 39 59 59 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 42 60 60 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 113 44 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 1 In in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 2 one one CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 3 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 4 these these DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 5 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 6 studies study NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 7 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 8 Pujhari Pujhari NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 9 et et FW cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 10 al al NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 11 . . NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 12 showed show VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 13 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 14 while while IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 15 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 16 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 17 titer titer NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 18 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 19 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 20 supernatants supernatant NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 21 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 22 infected infected JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 23 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 24 treated treat VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 25 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 26 rapamycin rapamycin NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 27 was be VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 28 higher high JJR cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 29 than than IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 30 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 31 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 32 control control NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 33 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 34 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 35 levels level NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 36 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 37 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 38 N N NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 39 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 40 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 41 nsp2 nsp2 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 42 assessed assess VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 43 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 44 flow flow NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 45 cytometry cytometry NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 46 were be VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 47 lower low JJR cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 49 58 58 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 114 51 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 1 This this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 2 latter latter JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 3 result result NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 4 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 5 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 6 opposite opposite NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 7 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 8 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 9 ones one NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 10 obtained obtain VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 11 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 12 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 13 other other JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 14 studies study NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 15 where where WRB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 16 rapamycin rapamycin NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 17 treatment treatment NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 18 led lead VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 19 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 20 an an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 21 up up JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 22 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 23 regulation regulation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 24 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 25 nsp2 nsp2 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 26 expression expression NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 28 57 57 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 31 58 58 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 34 59 59 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 37 60 60 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 115 39 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 116 1 Two two CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 116 2 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 116 3 works work NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 116 4 reached reach VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 116 5 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 116 6 same same JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 116 7 conclusion conclusion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 116 8 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 116 9 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 116 10 having have VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 116 11 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 116 12 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 116 13 role role NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 116 14 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 116 15 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 116 16 life life NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 116 17 cycle cycle NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 116 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 116 19 59 59 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 116 20 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 116 21 60 60 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 116 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 116 23 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 117 1 Liu Liu NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 117 2 et et NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 117 3 al al NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 117 4 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 118 1 confirmed confirm VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 118 2 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 118 3 induction induction NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 118 4 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 118 5 both both DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 118 6 AP AP NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 118 7 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 118 8 HP HP NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 118 9 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 118 10 strains strain VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 118 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 118 12 59 59 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 118 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 118 14 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 4 also also RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 5 observed observe VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 6 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 7 decrease decrease NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 8 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 9 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 10 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 11 titer titer NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 12 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 13 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 14 treated treat VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 15 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 16 bafilomycin bafilomycin NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 17 A A NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 18 1 1 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 20 BafA1 BafA1 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 22 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 23 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 24 drug drug NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 25 inhibiting inhibit VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 26 either either CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 27 autophagosome autophagosome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 28 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 29 lysosome lysosome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 30 fusion fusion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 31 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 32 lysosomal lysosomal JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 33 degradation degradation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 34 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 35 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 36 suggested suggest VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 37 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 38 autolysosomes autolysosomes NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 39 might may MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 40 serve serve VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 41 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 42 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 43 platforms platform NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 44 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 45 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 47 59 59 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 119 49 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 1 In in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 2 contrast contrast NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 3 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 4 Sun Sun NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 5 et et NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 6 al al NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 7 . . NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 8 showed show VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 9 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 10 using use VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 11 confocal confocal JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 12 microscopy microscopy NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 13 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 14 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 15 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 16 HP HP NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 17 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 18 infection infection NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 19 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 20 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 21 fusion fusion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 22 between between IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 23 autophagosomes autophagosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 24 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 25 lysosomes lysosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 27 60 60 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 120 29 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 121 1 This this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 121 2 result result NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 121 3 indicates indicate VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 121 4 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 121 5 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 121 6 might may MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 121 7 trigger trigger VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 121 8 an an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 121 9 incomplete incomplete JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 121 10 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 121 11 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 121 12 implicates implicate VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 121 13 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 121 14 this this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 121 15 could could MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 121 16 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 121 17 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 121 18 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 121 19 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 121 20 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 121 21 life life NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 121 22 cycle cycle NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 121 23 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 1 To to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 2 gain gain VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 3 insights insight NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 4 into into IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 5 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 6 possible possible JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 7 molecular molecular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 8 connection connection NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 9 between between IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 10 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 11 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 12 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 13 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 14 they -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 15 also also RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 16 transfected transfecte VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 17 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 18 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 19 either either CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 20 nsp2 nsp2 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 21 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 22 nsp3 nsp3 NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 23 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 24 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 25 encode encode VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 26 two two CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 27 transmembrane transmembrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 28 components component NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 29 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 30 Arterivirus Arterivirus NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 31 RTCs rtc NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 32 that that WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 33 play play VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 34 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 35 central central JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 36 role role NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 37 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 38 DMVs dmv NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 39 formation formation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 41 63 63 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 122 43 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 4 found find VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 5 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 6 co co NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 7 - - NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 8 localization localization NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 9 between between IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 10 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 11 LC3 lc3 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 12 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 13 ectopically ectopically RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 14 expressed express VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 15 nsp2 nsp2 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 16 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 17 but but CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 18 not not RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 19 nsp3 nsp3 NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 20 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 21 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 22 confocal confocal JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 23 microscopy microscopy NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 24 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 25 fractionation fractionation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 26 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 27 continuous continuous JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 28 density density NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 29 gradients gradient NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 30 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 31 suggesting suggest VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 32 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 33 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 34 accumulated accumulate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 35 autophagosomes autophagosomes NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 36 during during IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 37 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 38 could could MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 39 represent represent VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 40 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 41 replicative replicative JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 42 platforms platform NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 44 60 60 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 123 46 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 1 Thus thus RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 4 still still RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 5 remains remain VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 6 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 7 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 8 firmly firmly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 9 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 10 whether whether IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 11 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 12 results result NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 13 obtained obtain VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 14 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 15 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 16 ectopic ectopic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 17 expression expression NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 18 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 19 nsp2 nsp2 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 20 recapitulates recapitulate VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 21 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 22 situation situation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 23 occurring occur VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 24 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 25 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 26 exposed expose VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 27 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 28 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 124 29 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 1 Recently recently RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 3 three three CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 4 additional additional JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 5 research research NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 6 articles article NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 7 provided provide VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 8 evidences evidence NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 9 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 10 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 11 but but CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 12 also also RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 13 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 14 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 15 induced induce VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 16 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 17 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 18 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 19 host host NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 20 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 22 61 61 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 23 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 24 62 62 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 25 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 26 64 64 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 125 28 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 1 Wang Wang NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 2 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 3 collaborators collaborator NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 4 investigated investigate VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 5 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 6 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 8 activation activation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 9 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 10 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 11 thymus thymus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 12 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 13 piglets piglet NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 14 infected infect VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 15 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 16 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 17 HP HP NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 18 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 19 strain strain VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 20 because because IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 21 they -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 22 previously previously RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 23 showed show VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 24 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 25 this this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 26 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 27 leads lead VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 28 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 29 thymic thymic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 30 atrophy atrophy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 31 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 32 thymocyte thymocyte NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 33 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 35 61 61 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 126 37 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 2 investigation investigation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 3 concluded conclude VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 4 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 5 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 6 HP HP NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 7 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 8 could could MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 9 induce induce VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 10 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 11 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 12 bystander bystander NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 13 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 14 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 15 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 16 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 17 both both CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 18 infected infect VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 19 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 20 bystander bystander NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 21 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 22 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 23 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 24 thymus thymus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 25 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 26 infected infected JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 27 piglets piglet NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 29 61 61 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 127 31 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 1 In in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 2 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 3 follow follow NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 4 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 5 up up NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 6 study study NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 7 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 8 another another DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 9 laboratory laboratory NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 10 found find VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 11 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 12 HP HP NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 13 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 14 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 15 was be VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 16 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 17 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 18 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 19 deficient deficient JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 20 Marc-145 marc-145 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 21 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 22 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 23 potentiated potentiate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 24 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 25 inhibiting inhibit VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 26 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 27 using use VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 28 z z NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 29 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 30 VAD VAD NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 31 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 32 fmk fmk NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 33 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 34 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 35 caspase caspase JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 36 pan pan NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 37 - - JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 38 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 40 62 62 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 128 42 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 3 HP HP NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 4 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 5 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 6 could could MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 7 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 8 restored restore VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 9 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 10 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 11 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 12 deficient deficient JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 13 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 14 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 15 blocking block VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 16 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 17 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 18 suggesting suggest VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 19 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 20 functional functional JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 21 interplay interplay NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 22 between between IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 23 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 24 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 25 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 26 during during IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 27 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 28 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 129 29 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 130 1 Subsequently subsequently RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 130 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 130 3 Zhou Zhou NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 130 4 et et NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 130 5 al al NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 130 6 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 131 1 confirmed confirm VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 131 2 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 131 3 activation activation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 131 4 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 131 5 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 131 6 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 131 7 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 131 8 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 131 9 induction induction NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 131 10 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 131 11 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 131 12 over over IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 131 13 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 131 14 course course NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 131 15 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 131 16 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 131 17 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 131 18 infection infection NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 131 19 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 131 20 Marc-145 marc-145 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 131 21 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 131 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 131 23 64 64 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 131 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 131 25 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 1 In in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 2 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 3 study study NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 4 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 5 inhibition inhibition NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 6 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 8 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 9 3-MA 3-ma CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 10 caused cause VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 11 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 12 significant significant JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 13 increase increase NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 14 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 15 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 16 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 17 induced induce VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 18 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 19 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 20 also also RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 21 unveiling unveil VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 22 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 23 potential potential JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 24 connection connection NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 25 between between IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 26 both both DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 27 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 132 28 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 1 In in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 2 line line NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 3 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 4 this this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 5 conclusion conclusion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 6 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 7 they -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 8 also also RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 9 observed observe VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 10 an an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 11 increase increase NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 12 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 13 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 14 expression expression NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 15 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 16 Bcl-2-associated Bcl-2-associated NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 17 death death NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 18 promoter promoter NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 20 BAD BAD NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 22 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 23 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 24 pro pro JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 25 - - JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 26 apoptosis apoptosis JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 27 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 28 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 29 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 30 BECLIN1 BECLIN1 NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 31 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 32 an an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 33 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 34 regulator regulator NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 133 35 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 134 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 134 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 134 3 co co VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 134 4 - - JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 134 5 immunoprecipitation immunoprecipitation JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 134 6 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 134 7 confocal confocal JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 134 8 microscopy microscopy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 134 9 experiments experiment NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 134 10 revealed reveal VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 134 11 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 134 12 formation formation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 134 13 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 134 14 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 134 15 BAD BAD NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 134 16 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 134 17 BECLIN1 BECLIN1 NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 134 18 complex complex JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 134 19 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 134 20 infected infected JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 134 21 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 134 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 134 23 64 64 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 134 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 134 25 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 135 1 BECLIN1 BECLIN1 NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 135 2 knockdown knockdown VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 135 3 significantly significantly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 135 4 decreased decrease VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 135 5 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 135 6 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 135 7 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 135 8 PRRSV prrsv NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 135 9 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 135 10 induced induce VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 135 11 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 135 12 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 135 13 expected expect VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 136 1 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 136 2 while while IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 136 3 knocking knock VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 136 4 down down IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 136 5 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 136 6 BAD BAD NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 136 7 resulted result VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 136 8 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 136 9 an an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 136 10 induction induction NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 136 11 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 136 12 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 136 13 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 136 14 enhanced enhance VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 136 15 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 136 16 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 136 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 136 18 64 64 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 136 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 136 20 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 2 authors author NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 3 concluded conclude VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 4 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 5 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 6 enhancement enhancement NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 7 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 9 could could MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 10 promote promote VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 11 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 12 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 13 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 14 postponing postpone VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 15 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 16 through through IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 17 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 18 formation formation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 19 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 20 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 21 BAD BAD NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 22 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 23 BECLIN1 BECLIN1 NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 24 complex complex JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 26 64 64 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 137 28 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 138 1 In in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 138 2 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 138 3 study study NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 138 4 exploring explore VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 138 5 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 138 6 potential potential JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 138 7 connection connection NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 138 8 between between IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 138 9 EAV EAV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 138 10 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 138 11 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 138 12 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 138 13 Monastyrska Monastyrska NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 138 14 et et NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 138 15 al al NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 138 16 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 1 found find VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 2 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 3 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 4 DMVs dmv NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 5 induced induce VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 6 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 7 this this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 8 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 9 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 10 decorated decorate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 11 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 12 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 13 but but CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 14 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 15 EAV EAV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 16 life life NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 17 cycle cycle NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 18 proceeded proceed VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 19 unaffected unaffected JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 20 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 21 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 22 lacking lack VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 23 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 25 68 68 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 139 27 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 1 Although although IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 2 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 3 was be VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 4 not not RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 5 required require VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 6 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 7 depletion depletion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 8 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 9 LC3 lc3 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 10 markedly markedly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 11 reduced reduce VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 12 EAV EAV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 13 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 14 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 16 could could MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 17 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 18 fully fully RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 19 restored restore VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 20 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 21 expression expression NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 22 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 23 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 24 non non JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 25 - - JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 26 lipidable lipidable JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 27 form form NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 28 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 29 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 31 68 68 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 140 33 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 141 1 Similar similar JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 141 2 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 141 3 MHV MHV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 141 4 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 141 5 EAV EAV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 141 6 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 141 7 induced induce VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 141 8 DMVs dmv NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 141 9 were be VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 141 10 also also RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 141 11 positive positive JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 141 12 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 141 13 EDEM1 edem1 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 142 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 142 2 ER ER NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 142 3 Degradation Degradation NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 142 4 Enhancing Enhancing NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 142 5 Alpha Alpha NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 142 6 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 142 7 Mannosidase mannosidase NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 143 1 Like like IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 143 2 Protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 143 3 1 1 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 143 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 144 1 leading lead VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 144 2 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 144 3 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 144 4 conclusion conclusion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 144 5 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 144 6 EAV EAV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 144 7 might may MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 144 8 also also RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 144 9 hijack hijack VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 144 10 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 144 11 ER er NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 144 12 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 144 13 derived derive VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 144 14 membranes membrane NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 144 15 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 144 16 EDEMosomes edemosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 144 17 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 144 18 ensure ensure VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 144 19 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 144 20 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 144 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 144 22 67 67 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 144 23 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 144 24 68 68 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 144 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 144 26 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 145 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 145 2 still still RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 145 3 needs need VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 145 4 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 145 5 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 145 6 investigated investigate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 145 7 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 145 8 however however RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 145 9 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 145 10 whether whether IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 145 11 other other JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 145 12 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 145 13 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 145 14 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 145 15 dispensable dispensable JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 145 16 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 145 17 EAV EAV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 145 18 life life NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 145 19 cycle cycle NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 145 20 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 146 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 146 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 146 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 146 4 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 146 5 unclear unclear JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 146 6 whether whether IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 146 7 both both DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 146 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 146 9 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 146 10 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 146 11 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 146 12 induced induce VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 146 13 over over IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 146 14 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 146 15 course course NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 146 16 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 146 17 an an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 146 18 EAV EAV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 146 19 infection infection NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 146 20 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 146 21 observed observe VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 146 22 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 146 23 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 146 24 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 2 most most RBS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 3 studied study VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 4 alphacoronaviruses alphacoronaviruse NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 6 alpha alpha NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 7 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 8 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 10 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 11 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 12 Transmissible transmissible JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 13 Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 14 Virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 16 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 18 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 19 Porcine Porcine NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 20 Epidemic Epidemic NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 21 Diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 22 Virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 24 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 26 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 27 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 28 both both DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 29 infect infect VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 30 suckling suckle VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 31 piglets piglet NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 32 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 33 lead lead VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 34 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 35 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 36 high high JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 37 mortality mortality NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 38 rate rate NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 40 72 72 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 41 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 42 73 73 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 147 44 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 148 1 Recurrent recurrent JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 148 2 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 148 3 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 148 4 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 148 5 have have VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 148 6 occurred occur VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 148 7 across across IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 148 8 Asia Asia NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 148 9 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 148 10 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 148 11 USA USA NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 148 12 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 148 13 causing cause VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 148 14 significant significant JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 148 15 economic economic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 148 16 losses loss NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 148 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 148 18 73 73 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 148 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 148 20 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 1 Alpha Alpha NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 2 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 3 CoV CoV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 4 also also RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 5 includes include VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 6 human human JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 7 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 8 such such JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 9 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 10 HCoV-229E HCoV-229E NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 11 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 12 HCoV HCoV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 13 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 14 NL63 NL63 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 15 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 16 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 17 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 18 associated associate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 19 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 20 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 21 tract tract NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 22 infections infection NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 23 such such JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 24 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 25 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 26 common common JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 27 cold cold NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 28 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 29 bronchiolitis bronchiolitis VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 31 74 74 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 32 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 33 75 75 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 149 35 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 150 1 Despite despite IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 150 2 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 150 3 medical medical JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 150 4 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 150 5 veterinary veterinary JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 150 6 relevance relevance NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 150 7 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 150 8 however however RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 150 9 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 150 10 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 150 11 exact exact JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 150 12 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 150 13 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 150 14 alpha alpha NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 150 15 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 150 16 CoV cov NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 150 17 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 150 18 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 150 19 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 150 20 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 150 21 not not RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 150 22 well well RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 150 23 characterized characterize VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 150 24 yet yet RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 150 25 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 151 1 Sun Sun NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 151 2 et et NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 151 3 al al NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 151 4 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 152 1 recently recently RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 152 2 performed perform VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 152 3 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 152 4 high high JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 152 5 throughput throughput NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 152 6 mass mass NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 152 7 spectrometry spectrometry NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 152 8 analysis analysis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 152 9 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 152 10 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 152 11 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 152 12 infected infect VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 152 13 Vero Vero NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 152 14 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 152 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 152 16 76 76 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 152 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 152 18 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 153 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 153 2 goal goal NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 153 3 was be VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 153 4 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 153 5 identify identify VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 153 6 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 153 7 cellular cellular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 153 8 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 153 9 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 153 10 differentially differentially RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 153 11 expressed express VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 153 12 during during IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 153 13 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 153 14 infection infection NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 153 15 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 153 16 better better RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 153 17 understand understand VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 153 18 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 153 19 impact impact NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 153 20 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 153 21 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 153 22 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 153 23 host host NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 153 24 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 153 25 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 154 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 154 2 they -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 154 3 found find VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 154 4 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 154 5 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 154 6 might may MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 154 7 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 154 8 among among IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 154 9 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 154 10 altered altered JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 154 11 pathways pathway NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 154 12 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 154 13 sequestrosome sequestrosome NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 154 14 1 1 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 154 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 154 16 SQTSM1 sqtsm1 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 154 17 / / SYM cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 154 18 p62 p62 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 154 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 154 20 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 154 21 LC3 lc3 JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 154 22 expression expression NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 154 23 levels level NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 154 24 were be VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 154 25 upregulated upregulate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 154 26 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 155 1 A a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 155 2 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 155 3 study study NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 155 4 thus thus RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 155 5 focused focus VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 155 6 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 155 7 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 155 8 potential potential JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 155 9 interplay interplay NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 155 10 between between IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 155 11 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 155 12 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 155 13 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 155 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 155 15 77 77 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 155 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 155 17 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 2 authors author NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 3 found find VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 4 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 5 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 6 infection infection NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 7 induces induce VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 9 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 10 Vero Vero NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 11 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 12 using use VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 13 different different JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 14 assays assay NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 15 such such JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 16 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 17 LC3-positive lc3-positive JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 18 puncta puncta NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 19 formation formation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 20 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 21 transmission transmission NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 22 electron electron NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 23 microscopy microscopy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 25 TEM TEM NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 27 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 28 western western JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 29 blot blot NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 30 assessment assessment NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 31 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 32 both both DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 33 LC3 lc3 JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 34 lipidation lipidation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 35 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 36 SQSTM1 sqstm1 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 37 / / SYM cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 38 p62 p62 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 39 turnover turnover NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 156 40 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 157 1 In in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 157 2 line line NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 157 3 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 157 4 these these DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 157 5 observations observation NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 157 6 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 157 7 3-MA 3-ma CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 157 8 treatment treatment NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 157 9 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 157 10 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 157 11 ablation ablation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 157 12 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 157 13 either either DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 157 14 BECLIN1 BECLIN1 NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 157 15 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 157 16 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 157 17 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 157 18 reduced reduce VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 157 19 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 157 20 production production NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 157 21 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 157 22 infectious infectious JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 157 23 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 157 24 particles particle NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 157 25 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 1 Treatment treatment NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 2 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 3 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 4 infected infected JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 5 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 6 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 7 rapamycin rapamycin NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 8 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 9 however however RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 10 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 11 did do VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 12 not not RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 13 change change VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 14 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 15 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 16 titer titer NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 17 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 18 probably probably RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 19 because because IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 20 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 21 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 22 multiple multiple JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 23 effects effect NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 24 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 25 this this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 26 compound compound NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 27 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 28 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 29 cell cell NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 30 physiology physiology NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 158 31 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 159 1 Altogether altogether RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 159 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 159 3 these these DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 159 4 data datum NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 159 5 showed show VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 159 6 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 159 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 159 8 induction induction NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 159 9 during during IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 159 10 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 159 11 infection infection NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 159 12 could could MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 159 13 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 159 14 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 159 15 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 159 16 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 159 17 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 159 18 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 160 1 Two two CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 160 2 more more JJR cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 160 3 recent recent JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 160 4 studies study NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 160 5 have have VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 160 6 addressed address VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 160 7 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 160 8 link link NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 160 9 between between IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 160 10 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 160 11 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 160 12 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 160 13 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 161 1 but but CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 161 2 they -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 161 3 have have VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 161 4 reached reach VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 161 5 opposite opposite JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 161 6 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 161 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 161 8 78 78 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 161 9 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 161 10 79 79 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 161 11 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 161 12 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 2 both both DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 3 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 4 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 5 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 6 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 7 induced induce VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 8 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 9 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 10 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 11 infected infect VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 12 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 13 using use VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 14 methods method NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 15 such such JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 16 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 17 TEM TEM NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 18 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 19 LC3 lc3 JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 20 puncta puncta NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 21 formation formation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 22 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 23 western western JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 24 blot blot NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 25 analysis analysis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 26 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 27 both both DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 28 LC3 lc3 JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 29 lipidation lipidation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 30 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 31 SQSTM1 sqstm1 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 32 / / SYM cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 33 p62 p62 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 34 degradation degradation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 162 35 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 1 In in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 2 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 3 article article NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 4 Zhu Zhu NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 5 et et FW cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 6 al al NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 7 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 8 also also RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 9 showed show VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 10 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 11 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 12 selective selective JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 13 degradation degradation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 14 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 15 mitochondria mitochondrion NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 16 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 17 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 18 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 19 i.e. i.e. FW cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 20 mitophagy mitophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 21 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 22 might may MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 23 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 24 induced induce VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 25 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 26 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 27 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 28 they -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 29 observed observe VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 30 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 31 infected infected JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 32 IPEC IPEC NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 33 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 34 J2 j2 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 35 cells cell VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 36 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 37 reduced reduce VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 38 mitochondrial mitochondrial NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 39 mass mass NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 40 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 41 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 42 light light JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 43 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 44 stress stress NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 45 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 46 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 47 mitochondria mitochondrion NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 48 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 49 autophagosome autophagosome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 50 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 51 like like JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 52 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 53 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 54 79 79 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 55 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 163 56 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 164 1 In in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 164 2 support support NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 164 3 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 164 4 this this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 164 5 notion notion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 164 6 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 164 7 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 164 8 authors author NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 164 9 also also RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 164 10 found find VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 164 11 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 164 12 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 164 13 N n CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 164 14 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 164 15 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 164 16 GFP GFP NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 164 17 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 164 18 LC3 lc3 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 164 19 localize localize VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 164 20 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 164 21 mitochondria mitochondrion NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 164 22 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 3 induction induction NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 4 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 5 mitophagy mitophagy NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 6 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 7 mitochondria mitochondrion NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 8 depolarization depolarization NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 9 using use VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 10 carbonyl carbonyl NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 11 cyanide cyanide NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 12 m m NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 13 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 14 chlorophenyl chlorophenyl NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 15 hydrazone hydrazone NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 17 CCCP CCCP NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 19 increased increase VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 20 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 21 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 22 titer titer NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 23 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 24 suggesting suggest VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 25 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 26 this this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 27 pathway pathway NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 28 might may MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 29 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 30 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 31 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 32 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 33 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 165 34 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 166 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 166 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 166 3 induction induction NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 166 4 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 166 5 bulk bulk JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 166 6 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 166 7 using use VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 166 8 rapamycin rapamycin NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 166 9 also also RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 166 10 led lead VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 166 11 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 166 12 more more JJR cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 166 13 production production NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 166 14 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 166 15 progeny progeny JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 166 16 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 166 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 166 18 79 79 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 166 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 166 20 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 167 1 Conversely conversely RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 167 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 167 3 incubation incubation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 167 4 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 167 5 3-MA 3-ma CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 167 6 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 167 7 ATG5 atg5 JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 167 8 depletion depletion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 167 9 inhibited inhibit VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 167 10 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 167 11 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 167 12 assessed assess VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 167 13 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 167 14 N n CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 167 15 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 167 16 expression expression NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 167 17 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 167 18 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 167 19 titers titer NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 167 20 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 168 1 Zhu Zhu NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 168 2 et et FW cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 168 3 al al NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 168 4 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 169 1 thus thus RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 169 2 concluded conclude VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 169 3 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 169 4 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 169 5 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 169 6 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 169 7 mitophagy mitophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 169 8 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 169 9 particular particular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 169 10 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 169 11 plays play VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 169 12 an an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 169 13 important important JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 169 14 role role NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 169 15 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 169 16 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 169 17 life life NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 169 18 cycle cycle NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 169 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 169 20 79 79 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 169 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 169 22 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 170 1 This this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 170 2 conclusion conclusion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 170 3 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 170 4 however however RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 170 5 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 170 6 differs differ VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 170 7 from from IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 170 8 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 170 9 one one CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 170 10 reached reach VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 170 11 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 170 12 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 170 13 parallel parallel JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 170 14 study study NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 170 15 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 1 Guo Guo NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 2 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 3 collaborators collaborator NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 4 found find VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 5 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 6 both both DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 7 hVPS34 hVPS34 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 8 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 9 lysosomal lysosomal JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 10 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 11 increased increase VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 12 both both CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 13 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 14 number number NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 15 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 16 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 17 infected infect VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 18 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 19 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 20 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 21 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 22 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 23 titer titer NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 24 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 25 while while IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 26 rapamycin rapamycin NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 27 had have VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 28 an an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 29 opposite opposite JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 30 effect effect NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 32 78 78 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 171 34 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 3 silencing silence VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 4 LC3 lc3 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 5 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 6 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 7 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 8 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 9 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 10 expression expression NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 11 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 12 ST ST NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 13 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 14 promoted promote VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 15 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 16 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 17 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 18 showing show VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 19 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 20 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 21 has have VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 22 an an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 23 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 24 function function NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 26 78 78 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 172 28 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 2 apparent apparent JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 3 discrepancies discrepancy NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 4 between between IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 5 these these DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 6 two two CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 7 studies study NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 8 could could MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 9 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 10 explained explain VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 11 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 12 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 13 use use NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 14 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 15 different different JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 16 TGEV TGEV NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 17 strains strain NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 19 SHXB SHXB NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 20 versus versus IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 21 H165 H165 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 23 and/or and/or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 24 cell cell NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 25 lines line NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 27 IPEC IPEC NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 28 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 29 J2 J2 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 30 versus versus IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 31 ST ST NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 173 33 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 174 1 Further further JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 174 2 investigations investigation NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 174 3 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 174 4 thus thus RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 174 5 needed need VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 174 6 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 174 7 conclusively conclusively RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 174 8 determine determine VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 174 9 whether whether IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 174 10 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 174 11 plays play VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 174 12 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 174 13 role role NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 174 14 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 174 15 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 174 16 life life NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 174 17 cycle cycle NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 174 18 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 175 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 175 2 will will MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 175 3 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 175 4 particularly particularly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 175 5 important important JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 175 6 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 175 7 establish establish VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 175 8 this this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 175 9 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 175 10 tissues tissue NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 175 11 that that WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 175 12 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 175 13 normally normally RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 175 14 infected infect VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 175 15 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 175 16 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 175 17 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 2 first first JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 3 investigations investigation NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 4 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 5 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 6 interplay interplay NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 7 between between IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 8 CoV cov NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 9 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 10 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 11 focused focus VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 12 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 13 MHV MHV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 14 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 15 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 16 betacoronavirus betacoronavirus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 18 beta beta NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 19 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 20 CoV cov NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 22 that that WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 23 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 24 often often RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 25 used use VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 26 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 27 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 28 model model NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 29 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 30 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 31 study study VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 32 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 33 mechanism mechanism NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 34 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 35 CoV CoV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 36 infections infection NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 176 37 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 177 1 As as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 177 2 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 177 3 result result NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 177 4 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 177 5 there there EX cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 177 6 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 177 7 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 177 8 relatively relatively RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 177 9 large large JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 177 10 amount amount NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 177 11 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 177 12 data datum NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 177 13 about about IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 177 14 various various JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 177 15 aspects aspect NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 177 16 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 177 17 MHV MHV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 177 18 life life NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 177 19 cycle cycle NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 177 20 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 3 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 4 genus genus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 5 beta beta NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 6 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 7 CoV CoV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 8 also also RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 9 includes include VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 10 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 11 highly highly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 12 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 13 human human JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 14 viruses virus NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 15 SARS SARS NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 16 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 17 CoV CoV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 18 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 19 MERS MERS NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 20 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 21 CoV CoV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 22 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 23 two two CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 24 viruses virus NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 25 that that WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 26 cause cause VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 27 acute acute JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 28 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 29 symptoms symptom NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 30 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 31 they -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 32 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 33 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 34 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 35 WHO WHO NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 36 list list NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 37 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 38 viruses virus NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 39 likely likely JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 40 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 41 cause cause VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 42 future future JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 43 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 45 Figure figure NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 46 1 1 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 178 48 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 1 Like like IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 2 other other JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 3 CoV cov NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 4 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 5 MHV MHV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 6 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 7 takes take VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 8 place place NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 9 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 10 interconnected interconnect VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 11 structures structure NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 12 formed form VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 13 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 14 convoluted convoluted JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 15 membranes membrane NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 16 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 17 DMVs dmv NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 18 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 19 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 20 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 21 latter latter JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 22 being be VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 23 reminiscent reminiscent JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 24 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 25 autophagosomes autophagosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 27 80 80 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 179 29 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 180 1 This this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 180 2 structural structural JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 180 3 similarity similarity NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 180 4 prompted prompt VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 180 5 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 180 6 investigation investigation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 180 7 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 180 8 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 180 9 possible possible JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 180 10 interplay interplay NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 180 11 between between IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 180 12 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 180 13 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 180 14 CoV cov NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 180 15 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 180 16 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 181 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 181 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 181 3 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 181 4 first first JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 181 5 two two CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 181 6 studies study NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 181 7 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 181 8 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 181 9 importance importance NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 181 10 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 181 11 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 181 12 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 181 13 during during IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 181 14 MHV MHV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 181 15 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 181 16 reached reach VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 181 17 conflicting conflict VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 181 18 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 181 19 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 1 Prentice Prentice NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 2 et et NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 3 al al NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 4 . . NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 5 argued argue VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 6 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 7 components component NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 8 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 9 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 10 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 11 machinery machinery NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 12 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 13 required require VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 14 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 15 MHV MHV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 16 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 17 while while IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 18 Zhao Zhao NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 19 et et NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 20 al al NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 21 . . NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 22 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 23 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 24 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 25 was be VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 26 dispensable dispensable JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 27 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 28 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 29 same same JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 30 process process NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 32 65 65 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 33 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 34 66 66 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 182 36 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 183 1 In in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 183 2 particular particular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 183 3 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 183 4 both both DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 183 5 teams team NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 183 6 monitored monitor VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 183 7 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 183 8 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 183 9 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 183 10 murine murine JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 183 11 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 183 12 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 183 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 183 14 MEFs MEFs NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 183 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 183 16 knocked knock VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 183 17 out out RP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 183 18 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 183 19 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 183 20 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 2 first first JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 3 group group NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 4 found find VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 5 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 6 both both CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 7 MHV MHV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 8 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 9 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 10 DMV DMV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 11 formation formation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 12 was be VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 13 impaired impair VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 14 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 15 atg5 atg5 JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 16 −/− −/− NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 17 knockout knockout NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 18 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 19 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 20 while while IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 21 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 22 second second JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 23 did do VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 24 not not RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 25 observe observe VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 26 any any DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 27 effect effect NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 28 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 29 MHV MHV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 30 life life NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 31 cycle cycle NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 32 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 33 absence absence NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 34 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 35 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 37 65 65 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 38 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 39 66 66 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 184 41 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 185 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 185 2 fact fact NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 185 3 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 185 4 MHV MHV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 185 5 infection infection NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 185 6 does do VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 185 7 not not RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 185 8 require require VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 185 9 intact intact JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 185 10 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 185 11 machinery machinery NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 185 12 was be VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 185 13 also also RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 185 14 later later RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 185 15 confirmed confirm VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 185 16 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 185 17 another another DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 185 18 group group NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 185 19 using use VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 185 20 atg7 atg7 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 185 21 −/− −/− NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 185 22 MEFs MEFs NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 185 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 185 24 67 67 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 185 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 185 26 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 1 Data datum NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 2 from from IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 3 both both DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 4 laboratories laboratory NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 5 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 6 however however RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 7 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 8 established establish VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 9 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 10 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 11 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 12 RTCs rtc NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 13 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 14 co co NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 15 - - JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 16 localizing localize VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 17 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 18 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 19 LC3 lc3 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 20 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 21 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 22 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 23 one one CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 24 hand hand NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 25 was be VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 26 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 27 agreement agreement NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 28 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 29 observations observation NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 30 gained gain VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 31 from from IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 32 SARS SARS NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 33 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 34 CoV CoV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 35 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 36 but but CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 37 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 38 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 39 other other JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 40 hand hand NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 41 was be VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 42 conflicting conflict VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 43 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 44 results result NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 45 obtained obtain VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 46 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 47 MHV MHV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 48 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 49 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 50 third third JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 51 group group NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 52 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 53 81 81 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 54 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 55 82 82 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 56 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 186 57 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 1 These these DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 2 apparent apparent JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 3 discrepancies discrepancy NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 4 were be VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 5 subsequently subsequently RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 6 explained explain VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 7 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 8 showing show VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 9 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 10 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 11 LC3 lc3 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 12 but but CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 13 not not RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 14 ectopically ectopically RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 15 expressed express VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 16 GFP GFP NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 17 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 18 LC3 lc3 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 19 co co NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 20 - - NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 21 localizes localize VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 22 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 23 CoV CoV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 24 RTCs RTCs NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 26 67 67 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 187 28 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 1 Data datum NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 2 from from IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 3 different different JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 4 groups group NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 5 strongly strongly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 6 support support VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 7 an an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 8 ER ER NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 9 involvement involvement NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 10 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 11 convoluted convoluted JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 12 membranes membrane NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 13 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 14 DMVs dmv NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 15 biogenesis biogenesis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 16 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 17 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 18 those those DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 19 structures structure NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 20 can can MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 21 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 22 found find VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 23 connected connect VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 24 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 25 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 26 ER ER NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 27 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 28 transmembrane transmembrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 29 nsp nsp NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 30 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 31 can can MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 32 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 33 glycosylated glycosylate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 34 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 35 localize localize VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 36 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 37 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 38 ER er NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 39 when when WRB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 40 individually individually RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 41 expressed express VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 42 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 43 83 83 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 44 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 45 84 84 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 188 47 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 2 RTCs rtc NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 3 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 4 DMVs dmv NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 5 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 6 however however RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 7 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 8 do do VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 9 not not RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 10 co co VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 11 - - VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 12 localize localize VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 13 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 14 marker marker NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 15 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 16 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 17 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 18 ER ER NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 19 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 20 ERGIC ERGIC NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 21 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 22 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 23 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 24 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 26 82 82 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 27 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 28 84 84 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 30 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 31 disruption disruption NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 32 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 33 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 34 secretory secretory JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 35 pathway pathway NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 36 has have VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 37 no no DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 38 major major JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 39 effect effect NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 40 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 41 CoV cov NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 42 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 44 85 85 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 189 46 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 190 1 This this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 190 2 indicates indicate VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 190 3 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 190 4 DMVs dmv NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 190 5 ' ' POS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 190 6 biogenesis biogenesis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 190 7 might may MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 190 8 not not RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 190 9 involve involve VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 190 10 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 190 11 secretory secretory JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 190 12 pathway pathway NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 190 13 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 1 In in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 2 contrast contrast NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 3 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 4 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 5 ER ER NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 6 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 7 associated associate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 8 degradation degradation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 10 ERAD ERAD NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 12 tuning tuning NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 13 pathway pathway NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 14 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 15 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 16 vesicular vesicular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 17 transport transport NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 18 route route NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 19 out out IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 20 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 21 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 22 ER ER NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 23 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 24 has have VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 25 been be VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 26 shown show VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 27 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 28 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 29 important important JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 30 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 31 CoV cov NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 32 infection infection NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 34 86 86 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 191 36 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 192 1 ERAD ERAD NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 192 2 allows allow VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 192 3 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 192 4 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 192 5 degradation degradation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 192 6 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 192 7 misfolded misfolde VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 192 8 ER ER NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 192 9 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 192 10 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 192 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 192 12 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 192 13 negatively negatively RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 192 14 regulated regulate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 192 15 during during IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 192 16 normal normal JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 192 17 growing grow VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 192 18 conditions condition NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 192 19 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 192 20 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 192 21 absence absence NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 192 22 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 192 23 stress stress NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 192 24 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 1 This this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 2 tuning tuning NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 3 down down RP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 4 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 5 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 6 ERAD ERAD NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 7 activity activity NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 8 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 9 mediated mediate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 10 at at IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 11 least least JJS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 12 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 13 part part NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 14 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 15 small small JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 16 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 17 called call VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 18 EDEMosomes edemosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 19 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 20 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 21 specifically specifically RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 22 capture capture VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 23 key key JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 24 positive positive JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 25 ERAD ERAD NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 26 regulators regulator NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 27 such such JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 28 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 29 EDEM1 EDEM1 NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 30 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 31 OS-9 OS-9 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 32 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 33 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 34 degrade degrade VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 35 them -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 36 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 37 compartments compartment NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 38 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 39 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 40 endolysosomal endolysosomal JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 41 system system NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 42 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 43 56 56 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 193 45 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 3 EDEMosomes edemosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 4 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 5 decorated decorate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 6 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 7 non non JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 8 - - JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 9 lipidated lipidated JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 10 from from IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 11 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 12 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 14 also also RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 15 called call VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 16 LC3-I LC3-I NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 18 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 20 formation formation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 21 might may MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 22 require require VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 23 selected select VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 24 components component NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 25 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 26 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 27 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 28 machinery machinery NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 29 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 30 such such JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 31 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 32 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 34 54 54 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 35 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 36 55 55 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 194 38 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 195 1 Reggiori Reggiori NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 195 2 et et NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 195 3 al al NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 195 4 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 196 1 eventually eventually RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 196 2 revealed reveal VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 196 3 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 196 4 DMVs dmv NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 196 5 were be VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 196 6 associated associate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 196 7 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 196 8 LC3-I LC3-I NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 196 9 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 196 10 positive positive JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 196 11 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 197 1 both both DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 197 2 EDEM1 EDEM1 NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 197 3 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 197 4 OS-9 OS-9 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 197 5 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 197 6 suggesting suggest VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 197 7 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 197 8 MHV MHV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 197 9 might may MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 197 10 actually actually RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 197 11 highjack highjack VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 197 12 part part NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 197 13 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 197 14 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 197 15 membranes membrane NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 197 16 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 197 17 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 197 18 ERAD ERAD NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 197 19 tuning tuning NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 197 20 pathway pathway NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 197 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 197 22 67 67 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 197 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 197 24 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 198 1 Although although IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 198 2 expression expression NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 198 3 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 198 4 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 198 5 non non JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 198 6 - - JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 198 7 lipidable lipidable JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 198 8 LC3 lc3 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 198 9 impaired impair VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 198 10 DMVs dmv NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 198 11 biogenesis biogenesis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 198 12 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 198 13 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 198 14 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 198 15 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 198 16 absence absence NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 198 17 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 198 18 EDEM1 edem1 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 198 19 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 198 20 OS-9 OS-9 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 198 21 had have VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 198 22 no no DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 198 23 effect effect NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 198 24 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 1 Thus thus RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 3 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 4 authors author NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 5 hypothesized hypothesize VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 6 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 7 one one CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 8 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 9 more more JJR cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 10 nsp nsp NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 11 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 12 might may MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 13 associate associate VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 14 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 15 components component NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 16 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 17 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 18 machinery machinery NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 19 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 20 EDEMosomes edemosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 21 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 22 such such JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 23 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 24 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 25 cargo cargo NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 26 receptor receptor NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 27 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 28 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 29 coat coat NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 30 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 31 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 32 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 33 subvert subvert VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 34 these these DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 35 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 36 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 37 generate generate VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 38 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 39 DMVs dmv NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 199 40 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 1 LC3-I LC3-I NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 2 could could MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 3 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 4 such such PDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 5 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 6 candidate candidate NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 7 but but CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 8 no no DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 9 interaction interaction NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 10 between between IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 11 LC3-I LC3-I NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 12 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 13 MHV MHV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 14 nsp nsp NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 15 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 16 was be VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 17 detected detect VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 18 using use VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 19 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 20 yeast yeast NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 21 two two CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 22 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 23 hybrid hybrid NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 24 assay assay NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 26 67 67 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 200 28 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 201 1 How how WRB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 201 2 MHV MHV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 201 3 highjacks highjack VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 201 4 EDEMosomes edemosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 201 5 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 201 6 what what WP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 201 7 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 201 8 exact exact JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 201 9 role role NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 201 10 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 201 11 LC3-I LC3-I NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 201 12 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 201 13 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 201 14 this this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 201 15 process process NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 201 16 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 201 17 questions question NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 201 18 that that WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 201 19 remain remain VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 201 20 unanswered unanswered JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 201 21 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 202 1 Overall overall RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 202 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 202 3 beta beta NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 202 4 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 202 5 CoV cov NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 202 6 interactions interaction NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 202 7 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 202 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 202 9 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 202 10 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 202 11 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 202 12 appear appear VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 202 13 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 202 14 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 202 15 complex complex JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 202 16 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 1 Although although IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 2 MHV MHV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 3 hijacking hijacking NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 4 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 5 LC3-positive lc3-positive JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 6 EDEMosomes edemosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 7 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 8 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 9 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 10 appears appear VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 11 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 12 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 13 clearly clearly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 14 established establish VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 15 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 16 this this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 17 finding finding NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 18 has have VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 19 not not RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 20 yet yet RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 21 been be VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 22 extended extend VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 23 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 24 other other JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 25 beta beta NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 26 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 27 CoV cov NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 28 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 29 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 30 other other JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 31 CoV cov NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 32 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 33 general general NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 203 34 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 204 1 Co co NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 204 2 - - NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 204 3 localization localization NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 204 4 between between IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 204 5 SARS SARS NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 204 6 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 204 7 CoV CoV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 204 8 RTCs rtc NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 204 9 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 204 10 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 204 11 LC3 lc3 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 204 12 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 204 13 however however RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 204 14 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 204 15 has have VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 204 16 been be VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 204 17 reported report VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 204 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 204 19 81 81 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 204 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 204 21 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 205 1 Beta beta NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 205 2 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 205 3 CoV cov NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 205 4 do do VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 205 5 not not RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 205 6 require require VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 205 7 canonical canonical JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 205 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 205 9 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 205 10 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 205 11 life life NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 205 12 cycle cycle NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 205 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 205 14 65 65 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 205 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 205 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 205 17 66 66 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 205 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 206 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 206 2 67 67 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 206 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 207 1 but but CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 207 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 207 3 can can MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 207 4 not not RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 207 5 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 207 6 excluded exclude VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 208 1 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 208 2 priori priori FW cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 208 3 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 208 4 they -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 208 5 could could MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 208 6 need need VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 208 7 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 208 8 non non JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 208 9 - - JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 208 10 canonical canonical JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 208 11 form form NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 208 12 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 208 13 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 208 14 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 208 15 independent independent JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 208 16 from from IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 208 17 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 208 18 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 208 19 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 208 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 208 21 87 87 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 208 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 208 23 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 3 while while IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 4 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 5 might may MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 6 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 7 induced induce VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 8 during during IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 9 infection infection NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 10 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 11 transient transient JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 12 expression expression NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 13 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 14 single single JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 15 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 16 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 18 65 65 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 19 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 20 88 88 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 22 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 23 there there EX cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 24 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 25 currently currently RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 26 no no DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 27 evidence evidence NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 28 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 29 this this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 30 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 31 directly directly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 32 regulated regulate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 33 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 34 beta beta NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 35 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 209 36 CoV. CoV. NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 3 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 4 stimulation stimulation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 5 could could MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 6 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 7 part part NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 8 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 9 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 10 cellular cellular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 11 response response NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 12 caused cause VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 13 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 14 either either CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 15 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 16 presence presence NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 17 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 18 toxic toxic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 19 exogenous exogenous JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 20 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 21 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 22 ER ER NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 23 stress stress NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 24 induced induce VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 25 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 26 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 27 massive massive JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 28 production production NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 29 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 30 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 31 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 33 89 89 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 210 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 211 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 211 2 90 90 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 211 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 211 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 211 5 91 91 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 211 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 211 7 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 1 A a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 2 recent recent JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 3 study study NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 4 concluded conclude VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 5 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 6 expression expression NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 7 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 8 nsp3 nsp3 NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 9 fragments fragment NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 10 derived derive VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 11 from from IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 12 several several JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 13 CoV cov NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 14 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 15 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 16 comprise comprise VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 17 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 18 papain papain NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 19 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 20 like like JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 21 protease protease NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 22 domain domain NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 23 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 24 one one CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 25 transmembrane transmembrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 26 segment segment NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 27 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 28 induce induce VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 29 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 30 through through IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 31 direct direct JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 32 binding binding NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 33 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 34 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 35 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 36 BECLIN1 BECLIN1 NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 38 92 92 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 212 40 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 1 This this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 2 conclusion conclusion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 3 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 4 however however RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 5 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 6 has have VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 7 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 8 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 9 carefully carefully RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 10 considered consider VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 11 since since IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 12 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 13 authors author NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 14 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 15 this this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 16 study study NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 17 observed observe VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 18 GFP GFP NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 19 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 20 LC3 lc3 JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 21 puncta puncta NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 22 formation formation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 23 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 24 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 25 ectopically ectopically RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 26 expressing express VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 27 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 28 nsp3 nsp3 NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 213 29 fragment fragment NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 214 1 but but CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 214 2 they -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 214 3 did do VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 214 4 not not RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 214 5 examine examine VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 214 6 whether whether IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 214 7 these these DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 214 8 puncta puncta NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 214 9 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 214 10 indeed indeed RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 214 11 autophagosomes autophagosomes JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 214 12 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 215 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 215 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 215 3 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 215 4 relevance relevance NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 215 5 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 215 6 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 215 7 use use NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 215 8 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 215 9 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 215 10 truncated truncated JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 215 11 form form NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 215 12 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 215 13 nsp3 nsp3 NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 215 14 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 215 15 absence absence NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 215 16 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 215 17 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 215 18 CoV cov NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 215 19 infection infection NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 215 20 remains remain VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 215 21 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 215 22 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 215 23 determined determine VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 215 24 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 216 1 Additional additional JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 216 2 studies study NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 216 3 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 216 4 thus thus RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 216 5 needed need VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 216 6 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 216 7 address address VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 216 8 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 216 9 questions question NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 216 10 if if IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 216 11 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 216 12 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 216 13 eventually eventually RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 216 14 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 216 15 how how WRB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 216 16 beta beta NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 216 17 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 216 18 CoV cov NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 216 19 trigger trigger NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 216 20 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 216 21 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 217 1 Gammacoronaviruses Gammacoronaviruses NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 217 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 217 3 gamma gamma NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 217 4 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 217 5 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 217 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 217 7 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 217 8 viruses virus NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 217 9 that that WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 217 10 mainly mainly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 217 11 infect infect VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 217 12 poultry poultry NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 217 13 but but CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 217 14 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 217 15 also also RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 217 16 transmissible transmissible JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 217 17 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 217 18 humans human NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 217 19 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 218 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 218 2 replicate replicate VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 218 3 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 218 4 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 218 5 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 218 6 tract tract NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 218 7 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 218 8 thus thus RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 218 9 cause cause VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 218 10 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 218 11 defects defect NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 218 12 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 219 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 219 2 Infectious Infectious NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 219 3 Bronchitis Bronchitis NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 219 4 Virus Virus NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 219 5 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 219 6 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 219 7 causes cause VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 219 8 major major JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 219 9 loses lose NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 219 10 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 219 11 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 219 12 poultry poultry NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 219 13 industry industry NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 219 14 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 219 15 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 219 16 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 219 17 model model NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 219 18 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 219 19 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 220 1 gamma gamma NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 220 2 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 220 3 CoV. CoV. NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 220 4 Similarly similarly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 220 5 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 220 6 other other JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 220 7 CoV cov NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 220 8 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 220 9 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 220 10 IBV IBV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 220 11 genome genome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 220 12 encodes encode VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 220 13 several several JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 220 14 nsp nsp NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 220 15 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 220 16 that that WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 220 17 help help VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 220 18 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 220 19 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 220 20 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 220 21 interfere interfere VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 220 22 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 220 23 host host NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 220 24 cell cell NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 220 25 functions function NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 220 26 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 221 1 Cottam Cottam NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 221 2 et et NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 221 3 al al NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 221 4 . . NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 221 5 have have VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 221 6 reported report VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 221 7 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 221 8 infections infection NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 221 9 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 221 10 IBV IBV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 221 11 trigger trigger VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 221 12 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 221 13 formation formation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 221 14 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 221 15 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 221 16 LC3-positive lc3-positive JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 221 17 puncta puncta NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 221 18 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 221 19 host host NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 221 20 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 221 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 221 22 88 88 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 221 23 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 221 24 93 93 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 221 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 221 26 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 222 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 222 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 222 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 222 4 noted note VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 222 5 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 222 6 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 222 7 fraction fraction NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 222 8 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 222 9 these these DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 222 10 puncta puncta NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 222 11 partially partially RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 222 12 co co VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 222 13 - - VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 222 14 localized localize VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 222 15 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 222 16 double double JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 222 17 stranded strand VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 222 18 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 222 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 222 20 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 1 By by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 2 screening screen VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 3 several several JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 4 IBV IBV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 5 nsp nsp NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 6 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 7 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 8 they -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 9 found find VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 10 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 11 ectopically ectopically RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 12 expressed express VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 13 nsp6 nsp6 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 14 localized localize VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 15 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 16 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 17 ER ER NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 18 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 19 was be VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 20 able able JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 21 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 22 autonomously autonomously RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 23 induce induce VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 24 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 25 formation formation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 26 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 27 GFP GFP NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 28 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 29 LC3 lc3 JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 30 puncta puncta NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 223 31 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 224 1 This this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 224 2 raised raise VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 224 3 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 224 4 question question NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 224 5 whether whether IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 224 6 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 224 7 GFP GFP NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 224 8 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 224 9 LC3 lc3 JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 224 10 puncta puncta NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 224 11 induced induce VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 224 12 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 224 13 nsp6 nsp6 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 224 14 were be VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 224 15 EDEMosomes edemosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 224 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 224 17 67 67 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 224 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 224 19 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 1 In in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 2 contrast contrast NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 3 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 4 EDEMosomes edemosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 5 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 6 however however RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 7 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 8 formation formation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 9 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 10 these these DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 11 GFP GFP NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 12 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 13 LC3-positive lc3-positive NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 14 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 15 required require VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 16 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 17 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 18 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 19 lipidation lipidation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 20 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 21 suggesting suggest VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 22 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 23 they -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 24 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 25 canonical canonical JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 26 autophagosomes autophagosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 28 56 56 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 29 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 30 67 67 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 31 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 32 88 88 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 225 34 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 3 nsp6 nsp6 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 4 from from IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 5 MHV MHV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 6 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 7 SARS SARS NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 8 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 9 CoV CoV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 10 also also RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 11 induced induce VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 12 GFP GFP NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 13 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 14 LC3 lc3 JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 15 puncta puncta NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 16 formation formation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 17 indicating indicate VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 18 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 19 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 20 nsp6-dependent nsp6-dependent NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 21 mechanism mechanism NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 22 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 23 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 24 induction induction NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 25 might may MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 26 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 27 conserved conserve VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 28 among among IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 29 CoVs CoVs NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 226 30 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 1 Cottam Cottam NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 2 et et NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 3 al al NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 4 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 5 also also RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 6 argued argue VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 7 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 8 nsp6 nsp6 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 9 might may MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 10 reduce reduce VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 11 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 12 expansion expansion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 13 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 14 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 15 autophagosomes autophagosomes NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 16 as as RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 17 well well RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 18 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 19 while while IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 20 maturation maturation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 21 into into IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 22 autolysosomes autolysosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 23 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 24 still still RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 25 possible possible JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 27 93 93 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 227 29 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 1 These these DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 2 results result NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 3 have have VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 4 been be VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 5 obtained obtain VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 6 using use VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 7 ectopic ectopic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 8 expression expression NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 9 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 10 nsp6 nsp6 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 11 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 12 thus thus RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 13 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 14 relevance relevance NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 15 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 16 nsp6-mediated nsp6-mediate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 17 induction induction NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 18 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 19 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 20 during during IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 21 CoV cov NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 22 infection infection NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 23 remains remain VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 24 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 25 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 26 explored explore VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 228 27 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 229 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 229 2 investigation investigation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 229 3 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 229 4 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 229 5 potential potential JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 229 6 interplay interplay NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 229 7 between between IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 229 8 Nidovirales Nidovirales NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 229 9 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 229 10 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 229 11 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 229 12 still still RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 229 13 at at IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 229 14 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 229 15 beginning beginning NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 229 16 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 230 1 Nonetheless nonetheless RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 230 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 230 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 230 4 can can MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 230 5 already already RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 230 6 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 230 7 firmly firmly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 230 8 concluded conclude VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 230 9 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 230 10 Nidovirales Nidovirales NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 230 11 infections infection NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 230 12 trigger trigger VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 230 13 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 230 14 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 230 15 host host NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 230 16 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 230 17 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 1 Several several JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 2 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 3 families family NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 4 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 5 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 6 species specie NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 7 such such JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 8 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 9 Torovirinae Torovirinae NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 10 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 11 Mesoviridae Mesoviridae NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 12 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 13 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 14 Roniviridae Roniviridae NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 15 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 16 have have VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 17 yet yet RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 18 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 19 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 20 investigated investigate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 21 while while IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 22 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 23 others other NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 24 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 25 such such JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 26 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 27 PRSSV PRSSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 28 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 29 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 30 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 31 opposite opposite JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 32 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 33 have have VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 34 been be VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 35 reached reach VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 36 regarding regard VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 37 whether whether IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 38 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 39 induction induction NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 40 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 41 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 42 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 43 detrimental detrimental JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 44 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 45 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 46 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 47 life life NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 48 cycle cycle NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 231 49 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 232 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 232 2 apparent apparent JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 232 3 contradictory contradictory JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 232 4 results result NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 232 5 could could MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 232 6 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 232 7 due due JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 232 8 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 232 9 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 232 10 use use NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 232 11 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 232 12 different different JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 232 13 cell cell NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 232 14 lines line NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 232 15 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 232 16 tissues tissue NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 232 17 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 232 18 and/or and/or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 232 19 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 232 20 strains strain NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 232 21 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 233 1 Some some DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 233 2 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 233 3 these these DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 233 4 discrepancies discrepancy NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 233 5 could could MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 233 6 also also RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 233 7 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 233 8 due due JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 233 9 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 233 10 potential potential JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 233 11 noncanonical noncanonical JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 233 12 functions function NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 233 13 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 233 14 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 233 15 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 233 16 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 233 17 was be VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 233 18 shown show VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 233 19 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 233 20 MHV MHV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 233 21 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 234 1 Further further JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 234 2 investigations investigation NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 234 3 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 234 4 therefore therefore RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 234 5 needed need VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 234 6 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 234 7 reconcile reconcile VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 234 8 these these DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 234 9 results result NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 234 10 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 235 1 Another another DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 235 2 drawback drawback NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 235 3 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 235 4 several several JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 235 5 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 235 6 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 235 7 studies study NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 235 8 cited cite VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 235 9 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 235 10 this this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 235 11 review review NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 235 12 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 235 13 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 235 14 extensive extensive JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 235 15 use use NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 235 16 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 235 17 drugs drug NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 235 18 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 235 19 modulate modulate VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 235 20 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 235 21 during during IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 235 22 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 235 23 infection infection NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 235 24 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 1 As as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 2 none none NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 3 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 4 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 5 employed employ VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 6 compounds compound NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 7 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 9 specifically specifically RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 10 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 11 they -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 12 can can MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 13 have have VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 14 adverse adverse JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 15 effects effect NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 16 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 17 cellular cellular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 18 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 19 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 20 biology biology NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 21 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 22 making make VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 23 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 24 interpretation interpretation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 25 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 26 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 27 results result NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 28 difficult difficult JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 236 29 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 2 genetic genetic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 3 ablation ablation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 4 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 5 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 6 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 7 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 8 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 9 better well JJR cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 10 option option NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 11 but but CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 13 must must MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 14 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 15 kept keep VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 16 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 17 mind mind NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 18 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 19 these these DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 20 factors factor NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 21 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 22 also also RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 23 part part NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 24 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 25 other other JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 26 pathways pathway NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 28 48 48 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 29 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 30 94 94 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 237 32 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 238 1 As as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 238 2 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 238 3 result result NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 238 4 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 238 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 238 6 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 238 7 crucial crucial JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 238 8 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 238 9 compare compare VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 238 10 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 238 11 results result NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 238 12 obtained obtain VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 238 13 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 238 14 depleting deplete VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 238 15 more more JJR cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 238 16 than than IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 238 17 one one CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 238 18 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 238 19 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 238 20 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 2 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 3 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 4 few few JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 5 studies study NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 6 that that WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 7 have have VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 8 depleted deplete VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 9 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 10 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 11 have have VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 12 blocked block VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 13 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 14 initial initial JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 15 steps step NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 16 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 17 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 18 autophagic autophagic NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 19 pathway pathway NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 21 Figure Figure NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 22 3 3 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 23 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 24 Table Table NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 25 1 1 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 27 without without IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 28 analyzing analyze VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 29 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 30 steps step NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 31 following follow VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 32 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 33 completion completion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 34 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 35 an an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 36 autophagosome autophagosome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 239 37 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 1 This this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 2 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 3 relevant relevant JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 4 since since IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 5 some some DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 6 viruses virus NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 7 such such JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 8 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 9 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 10 A A NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 11 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 12 Epstein Epstein NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 13 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 14 Barr Barr NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 15 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 16 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 17 have have VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 18 been be VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 19 shown show VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 20 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 21 manipulate manipulate VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 22 this this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 23 part part NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 24 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 25 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 26 pathway pathway NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 27 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 28 therefore therefore RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 29 it -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 30 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 31 critical critical JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 32 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 33 investigate investigate VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 34 whether whether IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 35 it -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 36 could could MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 37 also also RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 38 be be VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 39 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 40 case case NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 41 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 42 Nidovirales Nidovirales NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 44 95 95 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 45 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 46 96 96 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 240 48 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 2 also also RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 3 remains remain VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 4 unclear unclear JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 5 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 6 step step NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 7 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 8 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 9 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 10 life life NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 11 cycle cycle NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 12 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 13 impacted impact VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 14 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 15 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 16 most most JJS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 17 studies study NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 18 relied rely VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 19 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 20 assays assay NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 21 quantifying quantify VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 22 general general JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 23 parameters parameter NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 24 such such JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 25 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 26 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 27 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 28 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 29 levels level NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 30 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 31 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 32 number number NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 33 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 34 infected infected JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 35 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 36 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 37 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 38 /or /or . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 39 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 40 number number NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 41 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 42 produced produce VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 43 infectious infectious JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 44 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 45 particles particle NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 241 46 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 1 Results result NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 2 that that WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 3 were be VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 4 obtained obtain VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 5 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 6 studying study VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 7 viruses virus NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 8 from from IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 9 other other JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 10 orders order NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 11 have have VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 12 revealed reveal VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 13 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 14 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 15 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 16 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 17 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 18 can can MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 19 practically practically RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 20 play play VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 21 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 22 key key JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 23 role role NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 24 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 25 every every DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 26 step step NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 27 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 28 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 29 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 30 life life NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 31 cycle cycle NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 32 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 33 from from IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 34 entry entry NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 35 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 36 assembly assembly NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 37 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 38 egression egression NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 40 97 97 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 242 42 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 1 While while IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 3 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 4 indisputable indisputable JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 5 that that IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 6 large large JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 7 part part NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 8 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 9 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 10 investigated investigate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 11 Nidovirales Nidovirales NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 12 induces induce VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 13 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 14 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 15 host host NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 16 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 17 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 19 still still RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 20 remains remain VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 21 unclear unclear JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 22 whether whether IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 23 this this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 24 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 25 due due JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 26 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 27 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 28 subversion subversion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 29 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 30 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 31 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 32 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 33 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 34 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 35 whether whether IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 36 it -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 37 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 38 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 39 physiological physiological JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 40 response response NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 41 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 42 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 43 cellular cellular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 44 stress stress NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 45 caused cause VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 46 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 47 either either CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 48 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 49 infection infection NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 50 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 51 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 52 transfection transfection NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 53 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 54 single single JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 55 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 56 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 243 57 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 244 1 Future future JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 244 2 research research NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 244 3 should should MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 244 4 therefore therefore RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 244 5 also also RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 244 6 focus focus VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 244 7 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 244 8 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 244 9 identification identification NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 244 10 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 244 11 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 244 12 potential potential JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 244 13 direct direct JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 244 14 molecular molecular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 244 15 link link NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 244 16 between between IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 244 17 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 244 18 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 244 19 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 244 20 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 244 21 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 245 1 Such such JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 245 2 studies study NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 245 3 could could MD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 245 4 also also RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 245 5 pave pave VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 245 6 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 245 7 way way NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 245 8 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 245 9 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 245 10 development development NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 245 11 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 245 12 novel novel JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 245 13 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 245 14 therapies therapy NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 245 15 targeting target VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 245 16 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 245 17 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 245 18 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 245 19 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 245 20 interaction interaction NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 245 21 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 246 1 Evolving evolve VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 246 2 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 246 3 largest large JJS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 246 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 246 5 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 246 6 genome genome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 247 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 247 2 molecular molecular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 247 3 biology biology NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 247 4 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 247 5 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 248 1 Virus Virus NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 248 2 Taxonomy Taxonomy NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 248 3 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 249 1 Ninth Ninth NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 249 2 Report Report NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 249 3 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 249 4 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 249 5 International International NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 249 6 Committee Committee NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 249 7 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 249 8 Taxonomy Taxonomy NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 249 9 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 249 10 Viruses Viruses NNPS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 250 1 Nidovirus Nidovirus NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 250 2 transcription transcription NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 250 3 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 1 How how WRB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 2 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 3 make make VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 4 sense sense NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 5 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 6 Coronaviridae Coronaviridae NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 7 Retrospective retrospective JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 8 testing testing NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 9 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 10 case case NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 11 series series JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 12 study study NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 13 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 14 porcine porcine JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 15 delta delta NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 16 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 17 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 18 US US NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 19 swine swine NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 20 herds herd NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 21 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 22 entry entry NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 23 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 24 release release NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 25 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 26 polarized polarized JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 27 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 28 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 29 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 30 A a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 31 review review NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 32 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 33 Genome Genome NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 34 Organization Organization NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 35 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 36 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 37 Nidovirales Nidovirales NNPS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 38 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 39 Similarities similarity NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 40 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 41 Differences Differences NNPS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 42 Between between IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 43 Arteri- Arteri- NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 44 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 45 Toro- Toro- NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 46 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 47 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 48 Coronaviruses Coronaviruses NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 49 Evolution Evolution NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 50 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 51 homologous homologous JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 52 recombination recombination NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 53 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 54 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 55 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 56 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 57 esterase esterase NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 58 gene gene NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 59 sequences sequence NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 60 from from IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 61 porcine porcine JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 251 62 torovirus torovirus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 1 Mesoniviruses mesoniviruse NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 2 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 3 mosquito mosquito NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 4 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 5 specific specific JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 6 viruses virus NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 7 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 8 extensive extensive JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 9 geographic geographic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 10 distribution distribution NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 11 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 12 host host NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 13 range range NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 14 Identification identification NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 15 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 16 characterization characterization NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 17 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 18 genetically genetically RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 19 divergent divergent JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 20 members member NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 21 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 22 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 23 newly newly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 24 established establish VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 25 family family NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 26 Mesoniviridae Mesoniviridae NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 27 An an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 28 insect insect NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 29 nidovirus nidovirus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 30 emerging emerge VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 31 from from IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 32 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 33 primary primary JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 34 tropical tropical JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 35 rainforest rainforest NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 36 Complete complete JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 37 genome genome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 38 sequence sequence NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 39 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 40 an an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 41 isolate isolate NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 42 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 43 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 44 novel novel JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 45 genotype genotype NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 46 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 47 yellow yellow JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 48 head head NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 49 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 50 from from IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 51 Fenneropenaeus Fenneropenaeus NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 52 chinensis chinensis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 53 indigenous indigenous JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 54 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 55 China China NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 56 Genetic genetic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 57 engineering engineering NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 58 alveolar alveolar NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 59 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 60 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 61 host host NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 62 resistance resistance NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 63 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 64 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 65 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 66 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 67 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 68 economic economic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 69 impact impact NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 70 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 71 porcine porcine JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 72 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 73 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 74 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 75 syndrome syndrome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 76 on on IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 77 swine swine NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 78 production production NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 79 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 80 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 81 United United NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 82 States States NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 83 Sequence sequence NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 84 motifs motif NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 85 involved involve VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 86 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 87 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 88 regulation regulation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 89 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 90 discontinuous discontinuous JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 91 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 92 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 93 RNA RNA NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 94 synthesis synthesis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 95 Dipeptidyl Dipeptidyl NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 96 peptidase peptidase NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 97 4 4 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 98 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 99 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 100 functional functional JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 101 receptor receptor NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 102 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 103 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 104 emerging emerge VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 105 human human JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 106 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 107 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 108 EMC EMC NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 109 Nidovirus Nidovirus NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 110 entry entry NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 111 into into IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 112 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 113 Heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 114 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 115 gene gene NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 116 expression expression NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 117 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 118 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 119 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 120 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 121 esterase esterase NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 122 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 123 HE he NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 124 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 125 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 126 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 127 murine murine JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 252 128 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 253 1 Nidovirus Nidovirus NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 253 2 ribonucleases ribonuclease NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 253 3 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 254 1 Structures structure NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 254 2 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 254 3 functions function NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 254 4 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 254 5 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 254 6 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 254 7 Are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 254 8 nidoviruses nidoviruse NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 254 9 hijacking hijack VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 254 10 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 254 11 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 254 12 machinery machinery NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 254 13 ? ? . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 255 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 255 2 Nidoviruses Nidoviruses NNPS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 255 3 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 255 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 255 5 Coronaviruses Coronaviruses NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 255 6 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 255 7 Arteriviruses Arteriviruses NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 255 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 256 1 Autophagy autophagy UH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 256 2 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 256 3 Renovation renovation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 256 4 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 256 5 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 256 6 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 256 7 tissues tissue NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 256 8 Autophagy Autophagy NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 256 9 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 256 10 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 256 11 endo endo NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 256 12 / / SYM cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 256 13 exosomal exosomal VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 256 14 pathways pathway NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 256 15 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 256 16 health health NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 256 17 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 256 18 disease disease NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 256 19 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 256 20 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 256 21 from from IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 256 22 molecular molecular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 256 23 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 256 24 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 256 25 clinical clinical JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 256 26 relevance relevance NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 1 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 2 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 3 leukocytes leukocyte NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 4 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 5 other other JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 6 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 7 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 8 Mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 9 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 10 subsystem subsystem NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 11 organization organization NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 12 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 13 selectivity selectivity NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 14 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 15 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 16 links link NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 17 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 18 innate innate JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 19 immunity immunity NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 20 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 21 function function NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 22 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 23 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 24 relationship relationship NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 25 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 26 pathology pathology NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 27 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 28 clinical clinical JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 29 applications application NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 30 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 31 drug drug NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 32 metabolism metabolism NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 33 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 34 toxicity toxicity NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 35 Advances advance NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 36 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 37 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 38 Regulatory Regulatory NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 39 Mechanisms Mechanisms NNPS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 257 40 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 258 1 Cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 258 2 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 258 3 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 258 4 Mammalian mammalian JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 258 5 Viruses virus NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 258 6 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 258 7 Roles role NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 258 8 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 258 9 Immune Immune NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 258 10 Response response NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 258 11 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 258 12 Viral Viral NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 258 13 Replication Replication NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 258 14 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 258 15 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 1 Beyond beyond IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 2 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 3 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 4 From from IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 5 phenomenology phenomenology NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 6 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 7 molecular molecular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 8 understanding understanding NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 9 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 10 less less JJR cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 11 than than IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 12 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 13 decade decade NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 14 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 15 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 16 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 17 regulated regulated JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 18 pathway pathway NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 19 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 20 cellular cellular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 21 degradation degradation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 22 Guidelines guideline NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 23 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 24 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 25 use use NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 26 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 27 interpretation interpretation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 28 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 29 assays assay NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 30 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 31 monitoring monitor VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 259 32 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 260 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 260 2 autophagosome autophagosome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 260 3 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 260 4 overrated overrated JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 260 5 ! ! . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 261 1 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 261 2 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 261 3 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 261 4 Molecular molecular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 261 5 machinery machinery NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 261 6 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 261 7 self self NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 261 8 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 261 9 eating eat VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 261 10 Signaling signal VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 261 11 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 261 12 beginning beginning NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 261 13 from from IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 261 14 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 261 15 end end NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 262 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 262 2 ULK1 ULK1 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 262 3 complex complex NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 262 4 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 263 1 Sensing sense VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 263 2 nutrient nutrient NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 263 3 signals signal NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 263 4 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 263 5 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 263 6 activation activation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 264 1 Autophagosome Autophagosome NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 264 2 formation- formation- NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 265 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 265 2 role role NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 265 3 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 265 4 ULK1 ULK1 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 265 5 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 265 6 Beclin1-PI3KC3 beclin1-pi3kc3 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 265 7 complexes complex NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 265 8 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 265 9 setting set VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 265 10 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 265 11 stage stage NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 266 1 Autophagosome autophagosome JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 266 2 formation formation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 266 3 from from IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 266 4 membrane membrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 266 5 compartments compartment NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 266 6 enriched enrich VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 266 7 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 266 8 phosphatidylinositol phosphatidylinositol JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 266 9 3-phosphate 3-phosphate CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 266 10 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 266 11 dynamically dynamically RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 266 12 connected connect VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 266 13 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 266 14 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 266 15 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 266 16 reticulum reticulum NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 267 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 267 2 puzzling puzzling JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 267 3 origin origin NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 267 4 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 267 5 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 267 6 autophagosomal autophagosomal NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 267 7 membrane membrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 267 8 Dynamic Dynamic NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 267 9 association association NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 267 10 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 267 11 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 267 12 ULK1 ULK1 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 267 13 complex complex NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 267 14 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 267 15 omegasomes omegasome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 267 16 during during IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 267 17 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 267 18 induction induction NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 268 1 Temporal temporal JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 268 2 analysis analysis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 268 3 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 268 4 recruitment recruitment NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 268 5 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 268 6 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 268 7 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 268 8 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 268 9 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 268 10 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 268 11 autophagosome autophagosome NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 268 12 formation formation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 268 13 site site NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 268 14 Mammalian Mammalian NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 268 15 Atg18 Atg18 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 2 WIPI2 WIPI2 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 4 localizes localize VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 5 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 6 omegasome omegasome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 7 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 8 anchored anchor VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 9 phagophores phagophore NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 10 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 11 positively positively RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 12 regulates regulate VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 13 LC3 lc3 JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 14 lipidation lipidation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 15 Dynamic dynamic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 16 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 17 transient transient JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 18 interactions interaction NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 19 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 20 Atg9 Atg9 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 21 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 22 autophagosomes autophagosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 23 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 24 but but CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 25 not not RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 26 membrane membrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 27 integration integration NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 28 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 29 are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 30 required require VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 31 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 32 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 33 Mammalian mammalian JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 34 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 35 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 36 Core core JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 37 molecular molecular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 38 machinery machinery NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 39 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 40 signaling signal VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 41 regulation regulation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 42 Hidden hide VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 43 behind behind IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 44 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 269 45 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 270 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 270 2 unconventional unconventional JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 270 3 roles role NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 270 4 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 270 5 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 270 6 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 270 7 Non Non NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 270 8 - - JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 270 9 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 270 10 roles role NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 270 11 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 270 12 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 270 13 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 270 14 related relate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 270 15 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 270 16 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 270 17 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 270 18 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 270 19 Are be VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 270 20 we -PRON- PRP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 270 21 always always RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 270 22 looking look VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 270 23 at at IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 270 24 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 270 25 ? ? . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 1 Autophagy Autophagy NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 2 Using use VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 3 microbes microbe NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 4 as as IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 5 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 6 key key JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 7 tool tool NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 8 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 9 unravel unravel VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 10 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 11 mechanism mechanism NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 12 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 13 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 14 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 15 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 16 functions function NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 17 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 18 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 19 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 20 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 21 Unique unique JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 22 role role NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 23 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 24 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 25 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 26 neutrophil neutrophil NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 27 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 28 mediated mediate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 29 immunopathology immunopathology NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 30 during during IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 31 M. M. NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 32 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 271 33 infection infection NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 1 An an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 2 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 3 screen screen NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 4 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 5 ATG ATG NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 6 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 7 depletion depletion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 8 reveals reveal VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 9 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 10 extent extent NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 11 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 12 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 13 unconventional unconventional JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 14 functions function NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 15 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 16 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 17 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 18 proteome proteome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 19 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 20 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 21 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 22 Segregation segregation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 23 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 24 rapid rapid JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 25 turnover turnover NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 26 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 27 EDEM1 edem1 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 28 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 29 an an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 30 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 31 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 32 like like JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 33 mechanism mechanism NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 34 modulates modulate VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 35 standard standard JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 36 ERAD ERAD NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 37 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 38 folding folding NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 272 39 activities activity NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 273 1 Basal basal NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 273 2 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 273 3 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 273 4 involved involve VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 273 5 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 273 6 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 273 7 degradation degradation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 273 8 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 273 9 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 273 10 ERAD ERAD NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 273 11 component component NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 273 12 EDEM1 edem1 XX cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 274 1 EDEM1 EDEM1 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 274 2 reveals reveal VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 274 3 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 274 4 quality quality NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 274 5 control control NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 274 6 vesicular vesicular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 274 7 transport transport NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 274 8 pathway pathway NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 274 9 out out IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 274 10 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 274 11 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 274 12 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 274 13 reticulum reticulum NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 274 14 not not RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 274 15 involving involve VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 274 16 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 274 17 COPII COPII NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 274 18 exit exit NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 274 19 sites site NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 1 Induction induction NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 2 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 3 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 4 enhances enhance VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 5 porcine porcine JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 6 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 7 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 8 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 9 syndrome syndrome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 10 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 11 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 12 Role role NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 13 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 14 phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 16 PI3 PI3 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 17 K K NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 19 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 20 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 21 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 22 target target NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 23 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 24 rapamycin rapamycin NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 26 mTOR mTOR NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 28 signalling signal VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 29 pathways pathway NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 30 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 31 porcine porcine JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 32 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 33 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 34 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 35 syndrome syndrome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 36 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 38 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 275 40 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 276 1 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 276 2 sustains sustain VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 276 3 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 276 4 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 276 5 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 276 6 porcine porcine JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 276 7 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 276 8 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 276 9 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 276 10 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 276 11 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 276 12 host host NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 276 13 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 1 Porcine porcine JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 2 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 3 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 4 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 5 syndrome syndrome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 6 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 7 induces induce VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 8 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 9 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 10 promote promote VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 11 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 12 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 13 Highly highly RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 14 Pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 15 Porcine porcine JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 16 Reproductive reproductive JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 17 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 18 Respiratory respiratory JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 19 Syndrome Syndrome NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 20 Virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 21 Infection infection NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 22 Induced induce VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 23 Apoptosis Apoptosis NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 24 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 25 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 26 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 27 Thymi Thymi NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 28 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 29 Infected infected JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 30 Piglets piglet NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 31 Interplay Interplay NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 32 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 33 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 34 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 35 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 36 during during IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 37 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 38 infection infection NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 39 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 40 Marc145 Marc145 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 41 cell cell NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 42 Open Open NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 43 reading reading NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 44 frame frame NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 45 1a 1a CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 46 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 47 encoded encode VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 48 subunits subunit NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 49 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 50 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 51 arterivirus arterivirus NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 52 replicase replicase NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 53 induce induce VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 54 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 55 reticulum reticulum NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 56 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 57 derived derive VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 58 double double JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 59 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 60 membrane membrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 61 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 62 which which WDT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 63 carry carry VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 64 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 65 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 66 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 67 complex complex JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 68 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 69 postpones postpone VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 70 apoptotic apoptotic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 71 cell cell NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 72 death death NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 73 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 74 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 75 infection infection NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 76 through through IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 77 Bad Bad NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 78 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 79 Beclin1 Beclin1 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 80 interaction interaction NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 81 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 82 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 83 complex complex JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 84 formation formation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 85 utilizes utilize VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 86 components component NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 87 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 88 cellular cellular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 89 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 90 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 91 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 92 does do VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 93 not not RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 94 require require VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 95 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 96 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 97 gene gene NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 98 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 99 Coronaviruses Coronaviruses NNPS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 100 Hijack hijack VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 101 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 102 LC3-I lc3-i NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 103 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 104 positive positive JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 105 EDEMosomes edemosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 106 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 107 ER ER NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 108 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 109 derived derive VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 110 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 111 exporting export VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 112 short short RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 113 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 114 lived live VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 115 ERAD ERAD NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 116 regulators regulator NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 117 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 118 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 119 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 120 An an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 121 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 122 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 123 independent independent JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 124 role role NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 125 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 126 LC3 lc3 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 127 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 128 equine equine JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 129 arteritis arteritis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 130 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 131 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 132 Clinical clinical JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 133 consequences consequence NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 134 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 135 exposing expose VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 136 pregnant pregnant JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 137 gilts gilt NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 138 to to IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 139 strains strain NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 140 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 141 porcine porcine JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 142 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 143 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 144 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 145 syndrome syndrome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 146 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 147 PRRS PRRS NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 148 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 149 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 150 isolated isolate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 151 from from IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 152 field field NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 153 cases case NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 154 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 155 " " `` cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 156 atypical atypical JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 157 Complete complete JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 158 genome genome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 159 analysis analysis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 160 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 161 RFLP RFLP NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 162 184 184 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 163 isolates isolate NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 164 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 165 porcine porcine JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 166 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 167 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 168 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 169 syndrome syndrome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 170 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 171 Equine equine JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 172 arteritis arteritis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 173 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 174 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 175 A a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 176 review review NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 177 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 178 clinical clinical JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 179 features feature NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 180 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 181 management management NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 182 aspects aspect NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 183 Production production NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 184 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 185 characterization characterization NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 186 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 187 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 188 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 189 antibody antibody NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 190 against against IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 191 spike spike NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 192 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 193 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 194 transmissible transmissible JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 195 gastroenteritis gastroenteritis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 196 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 197 Porcine porcine JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 198 epidemic epidemic NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 199 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 200 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 201 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 202 A a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 203 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 204 review review NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 205 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 206 molecular molecular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 207 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 208 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 209 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 210 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 211 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 212 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 213 Human human JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 214 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 215 NL63 NL63 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 216 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 217 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 218 new new JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 219 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 277 220 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 278 1 Understanding understand VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 278 2 Human Human NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 278 3 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 278 4 HCoV HCoV . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 279 1 -NL63 -NL63 : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 279 2 Analysis analysis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 279 3 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 279 4 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 279 5 expression expression NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 279 6 changes change NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 279 7 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 279 8 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 279 9 Vero Vero NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 279 10 E6 E6 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 279 11 cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 279 12 infected infect VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 279 13 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 279 14 classic classic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 279 15 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 279 16 strain strain NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 279 17 CV777 CV777 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 279 18 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 279 19 using use VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 279 20 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 279 21 proteomic proteomic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 279 22 technique technique NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 279 23 Porcine Porcine NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 279 24 Epidemic epidemic NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 279 25 Diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 279 26 Virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 280 1 Induces induce VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 280 2 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 1 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 2 Benefit benefit VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 3 Its -PRON- PRP$ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 4 Replication Replication NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 5 Mitophagy Mitophagy NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 6 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 7 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 8 infection infection NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 9 counteracts counteract VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 10 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 11 stress stress NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 12 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 13 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 15 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 16 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 17 mouse mouse NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 18 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 19 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 20 takes take VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 21 place place NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 22 at at IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 23 double double JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 24 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 25 membrane membrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 26 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 27 Identification identification NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 28 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 29 characterization characterization NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 30 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 31 severe severe JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 32 acute acute JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 33 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 34 syndrome syndrome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 35 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 36 replicase replicase NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 37 proteins protein VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 38 Ultrastructure Ultrastructure NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 39 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 40 origin origin NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 41 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 42 membrane membrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 43 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 44 associated associate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 45 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 46 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 47 severe severe JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 48 acute acute JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 49 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 50 syndrome syndrome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 51 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 52 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 53 complex complex JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 54 SARS SARS NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 55 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 56 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 281 57 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 1 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 2 supported support VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 3 by by IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 4 a a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 5 reticulovesicular reticulovesicular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 6 network network NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 7 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 8 modified modify VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 9 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 10 reticulum reticulum NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 11 Localization localization NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 12 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 13 membrane membrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 14 topology topology NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 15 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 16 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 17 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 18 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 19 4 4 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 20 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 21 Involvement involvement NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 22 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 23 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 24 early early JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 25 secretory secretory JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 26 pathway pathway NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 27 in in IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 28 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 29 Integrity integrity NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 30 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 31 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 32 early early JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 33 secretory secretory JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 34 pathway pathway NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 35 promotes promote VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 36 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 37 but but CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 38 is be VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 39 not not RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 40 required require VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 41 for for IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 42 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 43 severe severe JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 44 acute acute JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 45 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 46 syndrome syndrome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 47 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 48 RNA RNA NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 49 synthesis synthesis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 50 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 51 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 52 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 53 induced induce VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 54 remodeling remodeling NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 55 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 56 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 57 reticulum reticulum NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 58 membranes membrane NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 59 Disposal Disposal NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 60 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 61 cargo cargo NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 62 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 63 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 64 ERAD ERAD NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 65 regulators regulator NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 66 from from IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 67 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 68 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 69 ER ER NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 70 Discovery Discovery NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 71 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 72 Atg5 Atg5 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 73 / / SYM cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 74 Atg7-independent Atg7-independent NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 75 alternative alternative JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 76 macroautophagy macroautophagy NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 77 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 78 nsp6 nsp6 NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 79 proteins protein NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 80 generate generate VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 81 autophagosomes autophagosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 82 from from IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 83 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 84 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 85 reticulum reticulum NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 86 via via IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 87 an an DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 88 omegasome omegasome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 89 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 90 Endoplasmic Endoplasmic NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 91 reticulum reticulum NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 92 stress stress NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 282 93 triggers trigger VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 283 1 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 284 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 284 2 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 284 3 spike spike NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 284 4 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 284 5 induces induce VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 284 6 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 284 7 reticulum reticulum NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 284 8 stress stress NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 284 9 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 284 10 upregulation upregulation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 284 11 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 284 12 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 284 13 chemokine chemokine NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 285 1 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 285 2 concentrations concentration NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 285 3 Severe severe JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 1 acute acute JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 2 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 3 syndrome syndrome NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 4 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 5 envelope envelope NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 6 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 7 regulates regulate VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 8 cell cell NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 9 stress stress NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 10 response response NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 11 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 12 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 13 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 14 membrane membrane NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 15 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 16 associated associate VBN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 17 papain papain NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 18 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 19 like like JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 20 proteases protease NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 21 induce induce VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 22 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 23 through through IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 24 interacting interact VBG cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 25 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 26 Beclin1 Beclin1 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 27 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 28 negatively negatively RB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 29 regulate regulate VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 30 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 31 innate innate JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 32 immunity immunity NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 33 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 34 NSP6 NSP6 NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 35 restricts restrict VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 36 autophagosome autophagosome JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 37 expansion expansion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 38 LC3-Associated lc3-associate VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 39 Phagocytosis Phagocytosis NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 41 LAP lap NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 286 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 287 1 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 287 2 Connections connection NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 287 3 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 287 4 Host Host NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 287 5 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 287 6 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 288 1 Cells cell NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 288 2 Matrix Matrix NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 288 3 protein protein NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 288 4 2 2 CD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 288 5 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 288 6 influenza influenza NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 288 7 A a DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 288 8 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 288 9 blocks block VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 288 10 autophagosome autophagosome JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 288 11 fusion fusion NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 288 12 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 288 13 lysosomes lysosome NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 288 14 Epstein Epstein NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 288 15 - - HYPH cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 288 16 barr barr NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 288 17 virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 289 1 blocks block VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 289 2 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 289 3 autophagic autophagic NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 289 4 flux flux NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 289 5 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 289 6 appropriates appropriate VBZ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 289 7 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 289 8 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 289 9 machinery machinery NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 289 10 to to TO cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 289 11 enhance enhance VB cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 289 12 viral viral JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 289 13 replication replication NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 289 14 Manipulation manipulation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 289 15 or or CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 289 16 capitulation capitulation NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 290 1 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 290 2 Virus virus NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 290 3 interactions interaction NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 290 4 with with IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 290 5 autophagy autophagy NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 290 6 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 291 1 Microbes microbe NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 291 2 Infect infect VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 291 3 Author author NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 291 4 Contributions contribution NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 291 5 : : : cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 291 6 Y.C. Y.C. NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 291 7 , , , cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 291 8 P.V. P.V. NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 291 9 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 291 10 F.R. F.R. NNP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 291 11 organized organize VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 291 12 all all DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 291 13 related related JJ cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 291 14 references reference NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 291 15 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 291 16 wrote write VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 291 17 the the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 291 18 manuscripts manuscript NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 291 19 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 292 1 All all DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 292 2 authors author NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 292 3 read read VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 292 4 and and CC cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 292 5 approved approve VBD cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 292 6 this this DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 292 7 manuscript manuscript NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 292 8 . . . cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 293 1 The the DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 293 2 authors author NNS cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 293 3 declare declare VBP cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 293 4 no no DT cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 293 5 conflict conflict NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 293 6 of of IN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 293 7 interest interest NN cord-258536-qnn9hp8e 293 8 . . .