Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 57 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2616 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 55 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57 rate 7 COVID-19 4 time 4 model 4 infection 4 covid-19 4 case 4 SARS 3 study 3 result 3 patient 3 method 3 group 3 figure 3 conclusion 2 surgical 2 surgery 2 procedure 2 postoperative 2 growth 2 follow 2 dna 2 contact 2 complication 2 University 2 LOS 2 Hospital 2 Fig 2 Background 1 zur 1 year 1 wird 1 werden 1 von 1 virus 1 vat 1 unit 1 unemployment 1 und 1 uncertainty 1 treatment 1 transmission 1 test 1 tax 1 surgeon 1 suicide 1 subtype 1 student 1 sind 1 scenario Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 5813 % 5782 patient 4240 rate 2223 time 2119 case 1999 study 1792 result 1622 method 1532 group 1365 surgery 1295 infection 1261 datum 1246 day 1166 year 1082 number 1082 conclusion 1064 model 1016 analysis 1008 procedure 985 p 951 age 862 level 860 risk 852 hospital 833 test 824 treatment 818 outcome 761 effect 757 complication 741 disease 736 population 683 difference 661 period 653 month 625 mortality 619 system 590 use 574 care 569 pain 568 term 567 value 565 factor 560 growth 550 virus 543 country 530 objective 521 change 487 score 486 intervention 479 background Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 1270 ED 1177 der 670 al 580 von 556 et 434 und 405 werden 395 . 390 bei 387 COVID-19 342 mit 273 CI 271 eine 263 zu 258 CT 239 US 232 ¼ 226 zur 220 den 216 ist 216 Background 212 • 209 nicht 203 MD 202 sind 199 C 195 Fig 194 PoPCoin 191 oder 189 durch 177 Hospital 175 University 175 SARS 170 auf 169 wird 165 EMS 158 auch 158 B. 151 Italy 150 einer 150 March 149 Health 146 EM 142 sich 138 AE 137 nach 134 des 130 das 127 January 125 Patienten Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 2750 we 1305 it 605 i 479 they 162 them 92 she 84 one 76 us 73 he 38 itself 15 you 15 themselves 11 's 7 him 4 her 2 u 2 ourselves 2 me 1 −.847 1 Þx 1 yourself 1 xy 1 wouldn´t 1 theirs 1 t4-stadium 1 s 1 opt,+ 1 imagej 1 his 1 himself 1 herself 1 enroll 1 cord-156320-xwuz4ma2 1 clustalx 1 308 1 110/120 Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 24270 be 4156 have 2371 use 1216 perform 1193 die 1054 include 1035 show 960 compare 845 do 836 increase 829 follow 741 base 727 undergo 700 report 666 identify 603 present 572 reduce 540 evaluate 539 associate 534 require 502 determine 494 find 479 make 470 provide 435 assess 426 give 426 estimate 422 improve 412 see 407 treat 393 consider 374 receive 357 develop 333 remain 325 calculate 324 need 316 confirm 314 take 311 relate 308 obtain 308 define 307 analyze 304 decrease 302 suggest 299 occur 298 lead 294 allow 284 result 284 describe 280 observe Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1971 not 1735 - 1459 high 1008 more 918 low 908 laparoscopic 882 surgical 821 also 775 significant 761 well 742 other 703 however 638 only 578 most 567 postoperative 565 first 554 long 552 different 551 clinical 538 total 532 such 502 operative 486 mean 482 as 477 non 471 large 470 average 460 medical 460 early 427 significantly 426 post 421 new 417 gastric 407 available 382 patient 382 less 379 positive 376 median 372 then 369 small 366 primary 353 respectively 352 single 352 effective 348 initial 348 further 346 acute 344 abdominal 343 overall 339 old Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 149 most 116 high 96 least 85 good 66 Most 49 low 29 large 23 great 22 bad 15 late 8 early 7 strong 7 near 6 old 6 new 6 close 5 simple 5 short 5 long 4 small 4 fast 4 common 3 p=0.016 3 overharv 3 narrow 3 big 2 thick 2 safe 2 deep 1 young 1 wealthy 1 weak 1 testret 1 strict 1 soon 1 remote 1 postt 1 poor 1 outermost 1 hot 1 easy 1 deadly 1 costly 1 busy 1 areast 1 HPeV7 1 CDSS 1 -WHO 1 -8.6 Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 429 most 94 least 14 well 4 worst 2 shortest 1 long 1 hard 1 farthest 1 early Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 113 doi.org 6 github.com 3 jkms.org 2 wwz.unibas.ch 2 www.who.int 2 www.covid.is 2 www.cdc.gov 2 sites.tufts.edu 2 orcid.org 1 www.worldometers.info 1 www.wcvb.com 1 www.surveymonkey.com 1 www.statistics.gov.uk] 1 www.statistics.gov.uk 1 www.statista.com 1 www.landlaeknir.is 1 www.healthdata.org 1 www 1 structure.biol.ucy.ac.cy 1 ourworldindata.org 1 nihserver.mbi.ucla.edu 1 flexdex.com 1 docs.scipy.org 1 creativecommons.org 1 blog.ons.gov.uk 1 bcb.med.usherbrooke.ca 1 atgme.org Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 26 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.24.20139451 11 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.21.20158303 10 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.20059360 8 http://doi.org/10.1101 7 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.06.20055699 6 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.08.20209106 6 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09 5 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020 5 http://doi.org/10 4 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.06.20207951 4 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.14.20065300 3 http://jkms.org 3 http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e321 3 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.26.20202457 3 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.21.20072405 2 http://wwz.unibas.ch/de/fruehindikatoren/ 2 http://sites.tufts.edu/naumovalabs/analecta/ 2 http://github.com/tseyanglim/CovidGlobal 2 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07 2 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06 2 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.20.20071928 2 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.12.20062828 1 http://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ 1 http://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 1 http://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-123 1 http://www.wcvb.com/article/massachusetts-coronavirus-reporting-delay-due-to-quest-lab-itglitch/32288903# 1 http://www.surveymonkey.com 1 http://www.statistics.gov.uk] 1 http://www.statistics.gov.uk 1 http://www.statista.com/topics/5994/the-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-outbreak/ 1 http://www.landlaeknir.is/servlet/file/store93/item32967/influensulik.einkenni.uppfaersla.a.vef 1 http://www.healthdata.org/covid 1 http://www.covid.is/tolulegar-upplysingar 1 http://www.covid.is/data 1 http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/previous-testing-in-us.html 1 http://www.cdc.gov/ 1 http://www 1 http://structure.biol.ucy.ac.cy/latcom.html 1 http://ourworldindata.org/grapher/number-ofcovid-19-tests-per-confirmed-case 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9723-3833 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8913-9273 1 http://nihserver.mbi.ucla.edu/RACC/ 1 http://github.com/aymanimtyaz/COVID-19 1 http://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19 1 http://github.com/COVID19StatePolicy/SocialDistancing 1 http://github.com/BiDAlab/edBB 1 http://flexdex.com/register-for-training 1 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.10.20060459 1 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.06.20055582 1 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04 Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 1 -wgo.kudu@gmail.com Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 patients undergoing laparoscopic 15 % were female 9 patients underwent laparoscopic 7 % were male 7 patients undergoing surgery 6 groups were comparable 6 patients did not 6 patients undergoing hh 6 patients undergoing lsg 6 patients were female 6 patients were more 6 rates were higher 5 patients underwent elective 5 patients underwent surgical 5 patients were then 5 rate is not 4 data are available 4 ed base excess 4 groups were similar 4 patient did not 4 patients do not 4 patients had resolution 4 patients were male 4 rate was not 4 surgery is safe 4 time was significantly 3 % were white 3 age was not 3 data do not 3 data were available 3 data were not 3 group did not 3 group was significantly 3 groups had similar 3 infections are asymptomatic 3 patients had good 3 patients had multiple 3 patients undergoing bariatric 3 patients undergoing elective 3 patients underwent reoperation 3 patients were eligible 3 patients were not 3 patients were older 3 rate did not 3 rate is very 3 rates are higher 3 rates were not 3 results were similar 3 studies have also 3 study was not Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 data were not available 2 groups showed no significant 2 groups was not statistically 2 patient had no further 1 % are not unknown 1 % showing no significant 1 age was not independent 1 analysis showed no association 1 analysis showed no difference 1 analysis shows no statistically 1 analysis was not profound 1 cases are not specifically 1 cases does not strongly 1 cases had no residual 1 data are not sparse 1 data are not sufficient 1 data did not entirely 1 data showed no difference 1 ed saw no significant 1 effect is not significant 1 group had no intervention 1 group had no significant 1 group was not significant 1 group was not together 1 groups were not significantly 1 groups were not statistically 1 hospital are not always 1 levels are not as 1 method are no more 1 method is not scalable 1 method is not untuitive 1 number has not yet 1 outcomes were not available 1 patient had no increase 1 patient had no significant 1 patient had no symptoms 1 patient required no more 1 patient showed no signs 1 patients are not able 1 patients had no anticoagulation 1 patients had no further 1 patients had no neoadjuvent 1 patients had no relationship 1 patients had no significant 1 patients had no such 1 patients reported no prior 1 patients were not aware 1 patients were not depressed 1 patients were not different 1 procedure has not yet A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-034436-yhb8m1si author = Abdulah, Deldar Morad title = Relation of Dietary Factors with Infection and Mortality Rates of COVID-19 across the World date = 2020-07-04 keywords = COVID-19; infection; rate summary = doi = 10.1007/s12603-020-1512-3 id = cord-258145-usr7b6dk author = Abdulah, Deldar Morad title = Relation of Dietary Factors with Infection and Mortality Rates of COVID-19 Across the World date = 2020-07-04 keywords = COVID-19; infection; rate summary = doi = 10.1007/s12603-020-1434-0 id = cord-031936-46mossbr author = Andrle, Michal title = Italy: toward a growth-friendly fiscal reform date = 2020-09-16 keywords = GDP; Italy; NDC; rate; tax; vat summary = doi = 10.1007/s40888-020-00198-1 id = cord-326820-11sl17ap author = Bousquet, Jean title = Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries? date = 2020-05-27 keywords = COVID-19; ace; rate summary = doi = 10.1186/s13601-020-00323-0 id = cord-293301-7bmj8qsv author = Buonanno, Giorgio title = Estimation of airborne viral emission: quanta emission rate of SARS-CoV-2 for infection risk assessment date = 2020-04-17 keywords = SARS; quanta; rate summary = doi = 10.1101/2020.04.12.20062828 id = cord-125295-p7q9t1se author = Burghardt, Keith title = Unequal Impact and Spatial Aggregation Distort COVID-19 Growth Rates date = 2020-04-27 keywords = growth; rate summary = Using confirmed infections and deaths data from a variety of sources around U.S. and the world, we show that the impact of COVID-19 is highly unequal, with hot spots emerging at multiple spatial scales (3): from individual facilities (4) and city neighborhoods (5) , to U.S. counties and states (6) , to nations (7) . To better understand aggregation bias, we create a simple stochastic model that is variant of a Reed-Hughes mechanism (8), with synthetic communities in which the disease arrives at different times and grows at different rates. The size of the outbreak is highly correlated with the growth rate in the subregion; therefore, when the synthetic data is aggregated to simulate state or national statistics, these hot spots systematically amplify the estimated growth rates, much like what is observed empirically. These hot spots bias aggregated growth rates COVID-19 statistics, making the disease appear to grow faster at a larger scale than it does within the constituent communities. doi = nan id = cord-336071-t7c0drft author = Chiyomaru, Katsumi title = Global COVID-19 transmission rate is influenced by precipitation seasonality and the speed of climate temperature warming date = 2020-04-14 keywords = covid-19; rate summary = doi = 10.1101/2020.04.10.20060459 id = cord-342730-b7y8mybg author = Dellagi, Koussay title = Pandemic Influenza Due to pH1N1/2009 Virus: Estimation of Infection Burden in Reunion Island through a Prospective Serosurvey, Austral Winter 2009 date = 2011-09-29 keywords = H1N1; HIA; Island; rate summary = doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0025738 id = cord-305431-re5jstvi author = Devitt, Patrick title = Can we expect an increased suicide rate due to Covid-19? date = 2020-05-21 keywords = Ireland; rate; suicide summary = doi = 10.1017/ipm.2020.46 id = cord-260039-k9rs3dql author = Doerre, A. title = Age- and Sex-Specific Modelling of the COVID-19 Epidemic date = 2020-10-08 keywords = COVID-19; October; contact; rate summary = doi = 10.1101/2020.10.06.20207951 id = cord-274456-rzrfkkci author = Dua, Pami title = Monetary policy framework in India date = 2020-06-23 keywords = India; RBI; monetary; policy; rate summary = "to regulate the issue of Bank notes and keeping of reserves with a view to securing monetary stability in India and generally to operate the currency and credit system of the country to its advantage; to have a modern monetary policy framework to meet the challenge of an increasingly complex economy; to maintain price stability while keeping in mind the objective of growth." Based on RBI''s Report of the Expert Committee to Revise and Strengthen the Monetary Policy Framework (2014, Chairman: Dr Urjit R Patel), a formal transition was made in 2016 towards flexible inflation targeting and a six member Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) was constituted for setting the policy repo rate. It may be noted that before the constitution of the MPC, a Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) on Monetary Policy was set up in 2005 which consisted of external experts from monetary economics, central banking, financial markets and public finance. doi = 10.1007/s41775-020-00085-3 id = cord-000088-1xgjdhkx author = Faria, Nuno R title = Rooting human parechovirus evolution in time date = 2009-07-15 keywords = RNA; VP1; rate summary = doi = 10.1186/1471-2148-9-164 id = cord-316073-zm3ih55y author = Gani, Raymond title = Potential Impact of Antiviral Drug Use during Influenza Pandemic date = 2005-09-17 keywords = pandemic; rate summary = doi = 10.3201/eid1109.041344 id = cord-147202-clje3b2r author = Ghanam, Ryad title = SEIRD Model for Qatar Covid-19 Outbreak: A Case Study date = 2020-05-26 keywords = Qatar; model; rate summary = This work provides a tutorial on building a compartmental model using Susceptibles, Exposed, Infected, Recovered and Deaths status through time. Figure shows the plots of the Active Infections, Recovered and Deaths data for Qatar for the days since February . In addition to changes in infection rates α, impulse functions can be used to model dramatic one time shifts in transitions between states. Recall that β A is associated with the Dirac delta function for impulse to model the jump in transition rate from Exposed to Infected at day . Figure shows the model ts for Active Infections, Recovered and Deaths with posterior predictive bands. This work has demonstrated how to build a SEIRD model for the Covid-outbreak in the State of Qatar, include interventions, estimate model parameters and generate posterior predictive intervals using a Bayesian framework. doi = nan id = cord-133468-fkwtgq69 author = Hariharan, Ramya title = When to Relax Social Distancing Measures? An ARIMA Based Forecasting Study date = 2020-10-15 keywords = ARIMA; rate summary = doi = nan id = cord-289692-fraczoxu author = He, Wenqing title = Estimation of the basic reproduction number, average incubation time, asymptomatic infection rate, and case fatality rate for COVID‐19: Meta‐analysis and sensitivity analysis date = 2020-06-09 keywords = rate summary = doi = 10.1002/jmv.26041 id = cord-195263-i4wyhque author = Heider, Philipp title = COVID-19 mitigation strategies and overview on results from relevant studies in Europe date = 2020-05-11 keywords = covid-19; model; rate summary = doi = nan id = cord-156320-xwuz4ma2 author = Hernandez-Ortega, Javier title = Heart Rate Estimation from Face Videos for Student Assessment: Experiments on edBB date = 2020-06-01 keywords = heart; rate; student summary = doi = nan id = cord-333181-maep6fie author = Huynh, Toan Luu Duc title = Spillovers and connectedness in foreign exchange markets: The role of trade policy uncertainty date = 2020-10-09 keywords = TPU; exchange; rate; uncertainty summary = doi = 10.1016/j.qref.2020.09.001 id = cord-328104-triub2h6 author = Ibraheem Jabbar, Shaima title = Automated Analysis of Fatality Rates for COVID 19 across Different Countries date = 2020-09-26 keywords = COVID-19; rate summary = doi = 10.1016/j.aej.2020.09.027 id = cord-254737-pv68fb7d author = Imtyaz, Ayman title = Analysing governmental response to the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-14 keywords = country; covid-19; rate summary = doi = 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.08.005 id = cord-260299-0blol7to author = Karadag, Engin title = Increase in COVID‐19 cases and case‐fatality and case‐recovery rates in Europe: A cross‐temporal meta‐analysis date = 2020-06-02 keywords = case; rate summary = In this study, the case‐increase, case‐fatality, and case‐recovery rates of COVID‐19 in 36 European countries were analyzed with the meta‐analysis method using data released by the health organizations and WHO. Therefore, the epidemiological characteristics, case-increase, casefatality, and case-recovery rate of COVID-19 in Europe using the data of a 3-month period from 24 January until today were found using the method of meta-analysis. All search results were evaluated ( Figure 1) according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and the final analysis was conducted on 1 744 704 COVID-19 diagnosed cases in 36 countries. The study examined the increase of COVID-19 cases in European countries using cross-temporal meta-analysis. Increase in COVID-19 cases and case-fatality and case-recovery rates in Europe: A cross-temporal meta-analysis doi = 10.1002/jmv.26035 id = cord-103576-g5de4fwj author = Kriegel, M. title = Predicted Infection Risk via Aerosols date = 2020-10-12 keywords = PIRA; SARS; rate summary = 34 In order to perform an infection risk assessment for the airborne transmission in the far field 35 and to introduce appropriate preventive measures, it would be necessary to know the amount The so-called aerosols (liquid or solid particles in a dispersed phase with a fluid) as well as 50 droplets differ by size. In equation (3), the number of infectious persons (I), the quanta emission rate depending on 74 the activity (q), the pulmonary ventilation rate of exposed susceptible persons (Qb), the 75 duration of stay (t) and the volume flow of pathogen free air (Q) was used. To calculate the predicted 156 infection risk via aerosols (PIRA) in the far field of a room the concentration of quanta (c(t)) 157 and the respiratory rate (Qb) has to be known. To reduce the risk of infection via aerosols the necessary volume flow of virus-free air 327 depending on the exposure time can be seen in Figure 5 . doi = 10.1101/2020.10.08.20209106 id = cord-344008-h4kc04w0 author = Liang, Donghai title = Urban Air Pollution May Enhance COVID-19 Case-Fatality and Mortality Rates in the United States date = 2020-09-21 keywords = case; covid-19; rate summary = doi = 10.1016/j.xinn.2020.100047 id = cord-336743-udokbcki author = Lilitsis, Emmanouil title = Inspiratory effort and breathing pattern change in response to varying the assist level: a physiological study date = 2020-06-10 keywords = change; rate; respiratory summary = doi = 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103474 id = cord-291837-qz4g4v1u author = Livadiotis, George title = Statistical analysis of the impact of environmental temperature on the exponential growth rate of cases infected by COVID-19 date = 2020-04-24 keywords = italian; rate summary = We perform a statistical analysis for understanding the effect of the environmental temperature on the exponential growth rate of the cases infected by COVID-19 for US and Italian regions. In particular, we analyze the datasets of regional infected cases, derive the growth rates for regions characterized by readable exponential growth phase in their evolution spread curve and plot them against the environmental temperatures averaged within the same regions, derive the relationship between temperature and growth rate, and evaluate its statistical confidence. The results clearly support the first reported statistically significant relationship of negative correlation between the average environmental temperature and exponential growth rates of the infected cases. First, we derive the exponential growth rates of the infected cases characterizing each examined region of Italy and US; then, we plot these values against the environmental temperatures of each region, and perform the corresponding statistical analysis. doi = 10.1101/2020.04.21.20072405 id = cord-004157-osol7wdp author = Ma, Junling title = Estimating epidemic exponential growth rate and basic reproduction number date = 2020-01-08 keywords = model; rate summary = doi = 10.1016/j.idm.2019.12.009 id = cord-314235-08z2jyzd author = Matzinger, P. title = Strong impact of closing schools, closing bars and wearing masks during the Covid-19 pandemic: results from a simple and revealing analysis date = 2020-09-28 keywords = day; figure; rate summary = doi = 10.1101/2020.09.26.20202457 id = cord-344969-q1wqfeh7 author = Min, Kyung-Duk title = Estimating the Effectiveness of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on COVID-19 Control in Korea date = 2020-09-01 keywords = March; rate summary = doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e321 id = cord-349548-loi1vs5y author = Mueller, Markus title = Using random testing in a feedback-control loop to manage a safe exit from the COVID-19 lockdown date = 2020-04-14 keywords = growth; rate; time summary = doi = 10.1101/2020.04.09.20059360 id = cord-048487-kamvao4b author = O'Brien, John D title = Dating the time of viral subtype divergence date = 2008-06-09 keywords = H3N2; rate; subtype summary = doi = 10.1186/1471-2148-8-172 id = cord-326296-a6ldr0mn author = Odendaal, Willem G title = Method for Active Pandemic Curve Management (MAPCM) date = 2020-04-13 keywords = figure; rate summary = A new strategy, coined a "Method for Active Pandemic Curve Management", abbreviated MAPCM, presented herein can shape the outbreak curve in a controlled manner for optimal utilization of healthcare resources during the pandemic, while drastically shortening the outbreak duration compared to mitigation by itself without trading off lives. • programmable curve in amplitude and duration • customizable to meet available resources • eliminates the exponential peak • optimizes utilization of healthcare capacity • reduces fatality rate through better healthcare • shortens outbreak duration & disruption to normal life • minimizes the cost of containment • Does not keep economy at standstill • Gradually brings economy back online from day one • Not Magic! In fact, the curves for projected hospitalizations with full mitigation remain exponential with peak amplitudes that still exceed available healthcare capacities as shown in Figure 2 and again in Figure 3 , which depicts new cases being reported daily under a few different strategies. doi = 10.1101/2020.04.06.20055699 id = cord-328069-a9fi9ssg author = Pathan, Refat Khan title = Time Series Prediction of COVID-19 by Mutation Rate Analysis using Recurrent Neural Network-based LSTM Model date = 2020-06-13 keywords = SARS; mutation; rate summary = doi = 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110018 id = cord-288303-88c6qsek author = Paul, S. K. title = On nonlinear incidence rate of Covid-19 date = 2020-10-21 keywords = feature; model; rate; transmission summary = doi = 10.1101/2020.10.19.20215665 id = cord-256201-vjzfzshh author = Pereira-Gómez, Marianoel title = Effect of mismatch repair on the mutation rate of bacteriophage ϕX174 date = 2015-09-10 keywords = /X174; GATC; dna; rate summary = doi = 10.1093/ve/vev010 id = cord-323943-9916y6x0 author = Platt, Daniel E title = Lies, Gosh Darn Lies, and Not Enough Good Statistics: Why Epidemic Model Parameter Estimation Fails date = 2020-04-21 keywords = COVID-19; SARS; rate summary = doi = 10.1101/2020.04.20.20071928 id = cord-284945-837qlk8y author = Rahmandad, H. title = Estimating the global spread of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-26 keywords = Acuity; Fraction; June; Poisson; death; rate; test; unit summary = Using data for all 84 countries with reliable testing data (spanning 4.75 billion people) we develop a dynamic epidemiological model integrating data on cases, deaths, excess mortality and other factors to estimate how asymptomatic transmission, disease acuity, hospitalization, and behavioral and policy responses to risk condition prevalence and IFR across nations and over time. Our model captures transmission dynamics for the disease, as well as how, at the country level, transmission rates vary in response to risk perception and weather, testing rates condition infection and death data, and fatality rates depend on demographics and hospitalization. Using testing rate time series and various country-level data points (e.g. population, hospital capacity, comorbidities, age distribution), the model endogenously simulates confirmed new daily cases and deaths over time and matches them against observed data by maximizing the likelihood of observing those data given the model parameters. doi = 10.1101/2020.06.24.20139451 id = cord-314206-caxz025z author = Roberge, Raymond J. title = Reusable elastomeric air-purifying respirators: Physiologic impact on health care workers date = 2010-03-01 keywords = EAPR; rate summary = Compared with controls, the EAPR resulted in significant decreases in breathing rate at both work rates and significantly increased tidal volume at the 1.7-mph work rate; otherwise, there were no statistically significant differences in measured physiological variables (Tables 1 and 2) There were no significant differences in mean mixed inhalation/exhalation respirator dead space carbon dioxide concentrations at 1.7 mph and 2.5 mph (P 5 .61) or respirator dead space oxygen concentrations at 1.7 mph or 2.5 mph (P 5 .80) ( Table 2 ). The study data indicate that the use of an EAPR by healthy HCWs, over 1 hour at work rates associated with the health care environment, was associated with statistically significant decreases in the breathing rate at 1.7 mph (P 5 .02) and 2.5 mph (P 5 .03) that was compensated by a significant increase in the tidal volume at 1.7 mph (P 5 .009) and nonsignificant increase at 2.5 mph (P 5 .14) compared with controls (Table 3) . doi = 10.1016/j.ajic.2009.11.006 id = cord-024397-28qhdq16 author = SIRÉN, ANDERS title = Including Spatial Heterogeneity and Animal Dispersal When Evaluating Hunting: a Model Analysis and an Empirical Assessment in an Amazonian Community date = 2004-09-28 keywords = CPUE; Fig; effort; hunting; rate summary = doi = 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00024.x id = cord-291501-9dhldjjp author = Sarraf, David title = Is virtual existence our new reality? date = 2020-05-25 keywords = COVID-19; rate summary = A culture that more and more is moving in the direction of a virtual existence with a preference to limit human contact and only communicate through a digital interface that eliminates our deepest anxieties and fears. In an effort to urge greater resiliency of her constituency in the fight against the coronavirus which continues to infect thousands of people every day, just here in the state of California, she noted: "…this is not the end. Roosevelt: "We have nothing to fear but fear itself." The political policies to fight COVID-19 and "flatten the curve" of infection have been successful and have reduced conversion rates so that hospital ERs and ICUs are not overburdened, ensuring that patients with coronavirus throughout the world receive optimal care. It is clear that one of the reasons for the higher death rate in Italy may relate to severely ill COVID patients who did not receive necessary supportive care in time because hospitals were overwhelmed by deathly sick coronavirus patients. doi = 10.1007/s00417-020-04750-4 id = cord-298871-g7mqsbct author = Sheldon, George title = Unemployment in Switzerland in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic: an intertemporal perspective date = 2020-08-18 keywords = Switzerland; rate; unemployment summary = Accordingly, the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs currently expects the unemployment rate to average 4.1% in the coming year, eventually reaching 7% if the shutdown persists, and this despite the fact that over a quarter of the employed are presently working short time to avoid unemployment. In other words, they correspond to the unemployment rate and the share of long-term unemployed that the risk and duration of unemployment prevailing in a given calendar month imply stochastically in a steady state, i.e., in the longer term. The curves in Fig. 3 imply that, based on the risk and expected duration of unemployment prevailing in June 2020, the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate of 3.7% at the end of June will exceed 6% in 5 months, a level that the indicator last reached in the early 1990s. doi = 10.1186/s41937-020-00058-6 id = cord-321966-q0if8li9 author = Simpson, Ryan B. title = An analecta of visualizations for foodborne illness trends and seasonality date = 2020-10-13 keywords = Fast; Fig; disease; rate; time summary = However, current surveillance systems, including foodborne disease surveillance in the United States, often compress time series records to simplistic annual trends [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] and describe seasonality by the month(s) with the highest cases per year or the first month of outbreak onset [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] . " These plots can effectively illustrate multiple dimensions of information including different time units (e.g. yearly, monthly), disease statistics (e.g. pathogens, rates, counts), seasonality characteristics (e.g. peak timing, amplitude), and locations (e.g. state-level, national). The top-left panel provides an overlay of all annual seasonal signatures, a set of curves depicting characteristic variations in disease incidence over the course of one year, where line hues become increasingly darker with more recent data and a red line indicates median monthly rates, as in Fig. 1 . doi = 10.1038/s41597-020-00677-x id = cord-268118-lysrwv2f author = Stock, James H title = Estimates of the Undetected Rate among the SARS-CoV-2 Infected using Testing Data from Iceland date = 2020-04-11 keywords = NUHI; rate summary = If the (a) fraction of the population that were NUHI-eligible on a given day were known and if (b) deCODE testing was a random sample of the NUHI-ineligible, then the first expression in (1) could be evaluated directly using data on the NUHI positive testing rate, Pr( = 1| = 1), and the rate of infection among the NUHI-ineligible, ( ) . The term f NE can estimated directly from NUHI testing data, and the term λ0 can be estimated by the proportion of Icelanders who see a doctor about flu-like symptoms, see Appendix Section B for more details. The primary estimate of the lower bound using the eligibility window method uses the infection rate among the asymptomatic from the deCODE tests and assumes that none of the NUHI-ineligible quarantined are infected; this yields an undetected rate of 88.7% (95% confidence interval 83.9% to 93.5%). doi = 10.1101/2020.04.06.20055582 id = cord-279892-37vyazby author = Sun, Guanghao title = Remote sensing of multiple vital signs using a CMOS camera-equipped infrared thermography system and its clinical application in rapidly screening patients with suspected infectious diseases date = 2017-01-16 keywords = IRT; rate summary = doi = 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.01.007 id = cord-151183-o06mwd4d author = Tam, Ka-Ming title = Projected Development of COVID-19 in Louisiana date = 2020-04-06 keywords = number; rate summary = doi = nan id = cord-324650-rsp72rx8 author = Teixeira da Silva, Jaime A. title = Policy determinants of COVID-19 pandemic-induced fatality rates across nations date = 2020-08-18 keywords = rate summary = doi = 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.08.008 id = cord-354117-aunut5gj author = Valentine, Randall title = Relationship of George Floyd protests to increases in COVID-19 cases using event study methodology date = 2020-08-05 keywords = rate summary = doi = 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa127 id = cord-007303-wuuhlowd author = Valkonen, Tarmo title = The Finnish Pension System and Its Future Challenges date = 2020-04-01 keywords = age; pension; rate summary = doi = 10.1007/s10272-020-0877-1 id = cord-285105-72v6qufw author = Vierlboeck, Maximilian title = The Easter and Passover Blip in New York City date = 2020-04-17 keywords = contact; rate; scenario summary = doi = 10.1101/2020.04.14.20065300 id = cord-270803-jtv5jmkn author = Wang, Lin-Fa title = Mass extinctions, biodiversity and mitochondrial function: are bats ‘special’ as reservoirs for emerging viruses? date = 2011-11-09 keywords = bat; host; rate; virus summary = doi = 10.1016/j.coviro.2011.10.013 id = cord-167157-z0lvcb3z author = Wang, Xiubin Bruce title = Controlling the Hidden Growth of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-19 keywords = infection; rate summary = doi = nan id = cord-190254-c3ne3n1l author = Zhang, Haoqian title = Economic Principles of PoPCoin, a Democratic Time-based Cryptocurrency date = 2020-11-03 keywords = Bitcoin; PoPCoin; currency; income; money; rate summary = We develop and analyze a monetary policy for PoPCoin that embodies these equitability goals in two basic rules that maybe summarized as supporting equal opportunity in"space"and"time": the first by regularly distributing new money equally to all participants much like a basic income, the second by holding the aggregate value of these distributions to a constant and non-diminishing portion of total money supply through demurrage. Through preliminary economic analysis, we find that these rules in combination yield a unique form of money with numerous intriguing and promising properties, such as a quantifiable and provable upper bound on monetary inequality, a natural"early adopter''s reward"that could incentivize rapid growth while tapering off as participation saturates, resistance to the risk of deflationary spirals, and migration incentives opposite those created by conventional basic incomes. doi = nan id = cord-279728-kbnz1sy3 author = Zhao, X. title = Threshold analyses on rates of testing, transmission, and contact for COVID-19 control in a university setting date = 2020-07-25 keywords = July; figure; rate summary = doi = 10.1101/2020.07.21.20158303 id = cord-006854-o2e5na78 author = nan title = Scientific Session of the 16th World Congress of Endoscopic Surgery, Jointly Hosted by Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) & Canadian Association of General Surgeons (CAGS), Seattle, Washington, USA, 11–14 April 2018: Poster Abstracts date = 2018-04-20 keywords = BMI; CBD; Center; ERCP; FLS; GERD; Hospital; ICG; January; LOS; LSG; Medical; RYGB; SILS; University; case; complication; conclusion; follow; gastric; group; hernia; introduction; laparoscopic; method; operative; outcome; patient; postoperative; procedure; rate; report; result; robotic; roux; study; surgeon; surgery; surgical; time summary = Totally Laparoscopic ALPPS Combined with the Microwave Ablation for a Patient with a Huge HCC Hua Zhang; Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Introduction: Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) is a novel technique for resecting hepatic tumors that were previously considered unresectable due to the insufficient future liver remnant (FLR) which may result in postoperative liver failure (PLF). Not only does this case show that a large epiphrenic diverticulm can be successfully resected via the trans-abdominal laparoscopic approach, this case makes the argument that patients undergoing any minimally-invasive epiphrenic diverticulectomy and myotomy, with or without fundoplication, may be successfully managed with early post-operative contrast studies and dietary advancement, thus decreasing their length of hospitalization and overall cost of treatment. Introduction: There are reports of increased operative duration, blood loss and postoperative morbidity, caused by difficulties in obtaining good visualization and in controlling bleeding when laparoscopic resection is performed in obese patients with colon cancer. doi = 10.1007/s00464-018-6121-4 id = cord-015368-a0qz4tb9 author = nan title = 48th Annual Meeting of the Austrian Society of Surgery, Graz, June 7–9, 2007 date = 2007 keywords = Austria; Background; Department; III; case; complication; conclusion; dna; follow; group; high; mean; method; month; operation; patient; postoperative; procedure; rate; result; study; surgery; surgical; treatment; year summary = doi = 10.1007/s10353-007-0330-8 id = cord-022583-9lmudxrh author = nan title = Antimikrobielle und antiinfektiöse Maßnahmen date = 2016-07-29 keywords = Anforderungen; Antibiotika; Antibiotikaprophylaxe; Anwendung; Aufbereitung; CHX; Desinfektion; Desinfektionsmittel; Eingriffen; Einsatz; Erreger; Haut; Infektionen; Kramer; Patienten; Prophylaxe; Risiko; SSI; Sterilisation; Studien; Tab; Verfahren; Wirksamkeit; Wirkung; auch; auf; bei; der; des; die; durch; eine; für; infection; ist; mit; nicht; oder; pap; rate; sind; und; von; werden; wird; zur summary = Wenn auch je nach eingesetzter Technologie und chemisch-physikalischen Möglichkeiten der beteiligten Komponenten (Material, Wirkstoff, Imprägnierungsverfahren) eine Wirksamkeit von Objekten durch Beschichtung oder Imprägnierung mit antimikrobiellen Stoffen gegen bestimmte Mikroorganismenspezies erzielt werden kann, ist die Bezeichnung "antimikrobiell" weder mit einer spezifischen Infektionsprävention verknüpft, noch liegen ihr einheitliche Kriterien zugrunde. Die immense sozioökonomische Bedeutung der sogenannten "Surgical Site Infections" (SSI) wird anhand bundesweit erhobener epidemiologischer Daten deutlich: In der nationalen Prävalenzstudie (2011) konnte zwar gezeigt werden, dass in Deutschland die Rate an nosokomialen Infektionen (NI) mit 3,4 % im europäischen Vergleich stabil niedrig ist (in Vergleichsstudien international zwischen 6,1 % und 9,3 %), letztlich aber doch bei 18 Mio. stationär behandelten Patienten im Jahr dementsprechend 400 000 NI auftreten. Die SSI-Rate wird für geschlossene Frakturen mit 1-5 % angegeben und erreicht bei offenen Frakturen abhängig vom Ausmaß der Gewebezerstörung eine Häufigkeit von bis zu 43 %. doi = 10.1016/b978-3-437-22312-9.00002-0 id = cord-022633-fr55uod6 author = nan title = SAEM Abstracts, Plenary Session date = 2012-04-26 keywords = ACS; AED; Background; COPD; CPR; EMS; ETCO; Emergency; HIV; Hospital; ICU; IQR; LOS; MDD; OHCA; TBI; University; conclusion; datum; group; level; method; objective; patient; rate; result; study; time summary = Staff satisfaction was evaluated through pre/ post-shift and study surveys; administrative data (physician initial assessment (PIA), length of stay (LOS), patients leaving without being seen (LWBS) and against medical advice [LAMA] ) were collected from an electronic, real-time ED information system. Communication Background: The link between extended shift lengths, sleepiness, and occupational injury or illness has been shown, in other health care populations, to be an important and preventable public health concern but heretofore has not been fully described in emergency medical services (EMS Objectives: To assess the effect of an ED-based computer screening and referral intervention for IPV victims and to determine what characteristics resulted in a positive change in their safety. Objectives: Using data from longitudinal surveys by the American Board of Emergency Medicine, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate if resident self-assessments of performance in required competencies improve over the course of graduate medical training and in the years following. doi = 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2012.01332.x