cord-002774-tpqsjjet	2017	Results: The CHIP Framework The CHIP framework aims to improve the health and wellness of the urban communities served by St. Josephs Health Centre through four intersecting pillars: • Raising Community Voices provides an infrastructure and process that supports community stakeholder input into health care service planning, decision-making, and delivery by the hospital and across the continuum of care; • Sharing Reciprocal Capacity promotes healthy communities through the sharing of our intellectual and physical capacity with our community partners; • Cultivating Integration Initiatives facilitates vertical, horizontal, and intersectoral integration initiatives in support of community-identified needs and gaps; and • Facilitating Healthy Exchange develops best practices in community integration through community-based research, and facilitates community voice in informing public policy.
cord-004948-ad3i9wgj	2001	
cord-005242-9g2w16d6	2017	This paper is a response to the article entitled "Fifty years after the Social Indicators Movement: Has the promise been fulfilled?" by Ken Land and Alex Michalos (2015) which constitutes a careful review of the historical development of the Social Indicators Movement, utility of social indicators in shaping the concept of quality of life and subjective well-being, and issues deserving social indicators research in future. These include (a) the use of "other types of evidence", particularly qualitative data; (b) evaluation of social programs; (c) feasibility of assessing "social progress"; (d) choice of social indicators; (e) interpretation of findings; (f) methodological debates; and (g) explanations for social change. Regarding puzzles in social indicators research, we consider several issues, including the role of qualitative data, role of evaluation in social programs, feasibility of assessing social progress, choice of social indicators to be used, interpretations of findings, methodological debates and explanations for social change.
cord-005705-j765ruj1	2004	Another contention of the present paper is this [14] : critical care physicians may still believe that RCTs remain the best tool for improving knowledge and care, and in this case they must accept to use the means needed to achieve the end and therefore to insist on mandatory informed consent from the patient or proxy; or they may realize that the game is not worth the candle and they must then turn to other forms of research that are ranked less highly in the pyramid of evidence-based medicine [15] . Before discussing the problem of informed consent to research a critical appraisal of the scientific and ethical validity of RCTs in critical care medicine is in order.
cord-006292-rqo10s2g	2016	title: Bonded-communities in HantaVirus research: a research collaboration network (RCN) analysis We apply research collaboration network analysis to investigate the best-connected authors in the field. Significant correlation was found between author''s structural position in the network and research performance, thus further supporting a well-studied phenomenon that centrality effects research productivity. Thus, in addition to common bibliometric analyses (i.e. annual paper production, average citations, top papers, number of papers per country, author research productivity, etc.), the present study has the following main objectives: a. The study has significance as this would be perhaps one of the first studies to investigate research performance and bonded communities in hantavirus research from the perspective of research collaborations and networks. In this section, we investigate if the connectedness and relative position of authors have effect on the research performance and then analyze bonded communities embedded in coauthorship networks.
cord-008777-i2reanan	2005	Mollerup Department of Chemical Engineering, Building 229, DTU, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark A variety of factors that govern the properties of proteins are utilized in the development of chromatographic processes for the recovery of biological products including the binding and release of protons, the non-covalent association with non-polar groups (often hydrophobic interactions), the association of small ions (ion exchange) and the highly specific antigen-antibody interaction (affinity interactions). Such fermenters will be needed in order to meet the increasing pressure on costs for low price commodity type products such as single cell protein or food and technical grade enzymes, and to meet the demands of the new wave of white biotech, in which bio-produced chemicals must be made at prices competitive with those of the traditional chemical industry. The presentation will focus on use of the sensitive sandwich hybridization technology for the quantitative analysis of process relevant marker genes in different kind of microbial cell cultures with a focus on the production of recombinant proteins.
cord-011705-gct1bmjl	2017	The discussion focuses on research findings produced in 2011 by a team of influenza virologists in the Netherlands, and on the Dutch Government''s unprecedented decision to regard the intended publication of these findings as being subject to European Union regulations on the export of ''dual-use'' items. 3 More recently, the US Department of Health and Human Services has referred to a similar list of experiment categories using the term ''dual use research of concern'', defined as: life sciences research that, based on current understanding, can be reasonably anticipated to provide knowledge, information, products, or technologies that could be directly misapplied to pose a significant threat with broad potential consequences to public health and safety, agricultural crops and other plants, animals, the environment, material, or national security. Although this was an unprecedented application of export control law to this form of intangible technology transfer, it was not the first time that the risks of publishing the findings of virus research had generated public concern.
cord-012136-9sx61tso	2015	As health research has been predominantly quantitative, 6 the low proportion of qualitative studies published in obesity journals may not relate to poor quality, but to a lack of understanding, making it difficult for editors and reviewers to judge the value and quality of qualitative reports. 7 In our experience leading qualitative, obesity-related research with clinical and health services foci, we have gained some experience in addressing potential challenges with publication. Using checklists to explain methodological and reporting details of qualitative studies may also benefit from a halo effect as it is consistent with many journal requirements for quantitative research. Finally, the inclusion of explicit instructions within authorship guidelines for obesity journals can highlight the range of research considered for publication, which can include requiring applicable reporting checklists and be accompanied by the inclusion of scientists, clinicians, and administrators at all stages of the peer-review process who possess methodological expertise in both quantitative and qualitative research.
cord-014992-w9cg819b	2009	As an example, Naoki Hosen at the Graduate School of Medicine at Osaka University, supported by the foundation through the Japanese government''s Knowledge Cluster Initiative (2nd Stage), is developing therapeutic antibodies targeting antigens specific to cancer stem cells. This translates into the concept of ''industry on campus'' , which will see parts of the largest of the three sites of Osaka University redeveloped as a cluster of high-tech facilities including the Nanotech Incubator, the Technological Alliance Institute and a centre devoted to imaging, photonics and photovoltaics research, all in time for the university''s 80th anniversary in 2011. The Osaka University School of Medicine subsequently became known as the leading institute for transplant surgery in Japan, beginning with the first kidney Live locally, grow globally Whilst noting strength in organ transplantation, Hirano is quick to point to other areas at which the university excels -immunotherapy and translational research aimed at bringing the potential benefits of treatments such as cancer vaccines and stem cell therapies out of the lab and into the clinic.
cord-015394-uj7fe5y6	2008	Studies involving immunohistochemical analysis of normal ovaries have shown that granulosa cells express significantly higher levels of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor, cFos compared to theca cells, where cFos expression is virtually absent. Following acute hypoxia (0.5% O2) for one to six hours, RhoA mRNA, total protein and activation (RhoA-GTP) levels were analysed, using semi-quantitative PCRs and western blot, and compared to normoxic non-pregnant human uterine smooth muscle control cells. Since there is an urgent need for non-invasive methods for determination of fetal (F) and placental (P) function, this study was designed to evaluate the genes differently and commonly expressed in P tissue and leukocytes in maternal (M) and F circulation.Material and Methods. The current study: 1) localized IL-6 mRNA levels in preeclamptic versus normal decidual sections; 2) evaluated mechanisms regulating IL-6 synthesis by targeting intracellular signaling pathways with specific inhibitors; 3) identified potential IL-6 targets by immunolocalizing the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) to specific cell types in placental bed biopsies.
cord-016078-1g39jebq	2008	Third and finally, it was to be attempted to influence the outbreak of disease by environmental stimuli (poisons, chemicals, feeding), not least in order to be able to differentiate between a "general" and a "genetically increased" susceptibility, which, according to Fischer, was "of particular importance in view of the most modern methods of treating diseased humans." At the close of his application Fischer stated his conviction "that these theoretical and experimental studies will be of benefit to suffering humanity and serve the preservation of the genetic health of our Volk." Mentioning discreetly that the Reichsgesundheitsführer shared his views, Fischer guaranteed that he could "carry the full responsibility" for the importance of Nachtsheim''s research "even now at a time of war." When Nachtsheim started in Dahlem, he had at his disposition, as Fischer informed the DFG, a series of rabbit strains that exhibited genetic diseases or disabilities: These were "genetic epilepsy […], shaking palsies and other nervous diseases; glaucoma and other eye diseases; deformation of the limbs, the external sex organs (similar to those of humans), harelip and cleft palate and many others." 239 From Nachtsheim''s report to the German Research Association of January 14, 1941 -the first he submitted from his new position in Dahlem -proceed the work emphases of the group of scientists around Nachtsheim in 1940, that is, still at the Institute for Genetics and Breeding Research.
cord-016095-jop2rx61	2010	Instead of setting out to discover unknown mechanisms by analyzing effects that are dependent on specific causes, with some uncertainty as to the possible success of the enterprise being undertaken, which is the foundation stone of the Bernardian paradigm of the experimental method, many current research projects give themselves achievable and programmable objectives that depend upon the means available to them: sequencing of genomes with a view to comparing them, recognition of sequence similarities in proteins coded for by genes belonging to different species, with the aim of putting together phylogenetic trees, synthesis of interesting proteins in transgenic animals and plants, analysis of the three-dimensional structure of proteins, in order to find sites that are likely to fix medicinal substances, and synthesis of molecular species able to recognize pathogenic targets.
cord-016472-jj7fqcen	2007	For health researchers and their collaborators, the audience for this chapter, correctional facilities offer several unique advantages: a population at high risk of many health problems including infectious and chronic diseases, substance abuse, and mental health problems; social and physical environments that can enhance or impede well-being; a setting that is a focal point for the class, racial/ethnic, and gender differences that divide the United States; a site where health and mental health services and prevention programs are offered and can be evaluated; a controlled environment for administration of treatments such as directly observed therapy for tuberculosis; and a stopping point in the cycle of incarceration and reentry that so profoundly affects community well-being.
cord-017241-0is2skpw	2017	Fifteen years ago, the "tragedy of the anticommons" article warned that excessive patenting of biotech products and research methods could deter rather than stimulate invention, but little evidence was offered. The Supreme Court noted that "… the grant of patents that tie up [a law of nature] will inhibit future innovation premised upon them […] or otherwise forecloses more future invention than the underlying discovery could reasonably justify." Like Heller and Eisenberg (1998) , the justices apparently saw a potential anticommons in biomedical research and constrained it by invalidating the Prometheus patents, narrowing the field of patentable inventions. The author explains the outcome as a result of transaction costs, including the uncertainties over Celera''s attempts to patent the genes it had sequenced and the conditions of granting free access to academic researchers for "noncommercial" research. For example, the patent and related rights issues surrounding Golden Rice related to commercial use, not research access, did not restrict product development (see above).
cord-020010-q58x6xb0	2006	In the present study we reported the antiviral activity of neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir against lethal H5N1 influenza virus infection in ferrets, an appropriate animal model that closely resembles clinical signs of human influenza. Earl Kern 1 , Kathy Keith 2 , Robert Jordan 2 , Dennis Hruby 2 , Debra Quenelle 2 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA; 2 SIGA Technologies, Inc., Corvallis, OR, USA Although cidofovir (CDV) has been approved as an investigational new drug for emergency treatment of smallpox, its lack of oral activity and dose limiting toxicity dictates a need for continued development of better therapeutic agents for this potential bioterror disease. The in vitro antiviral activity of one of the most selective compounds, i.e. CHI-033, was assessed by (i) MTS-based cytopathic effect assays, (ii) virus yield reduction assays, (iii) real-time quantitative PCR (RT-QPCR) and (iv) by monitoring viral antigen expression.
cord-020163-q41zhz69	2020	The results indicate that the community has significantly focused in areas like technology adoption models, Social Media, e-Government and business models; sentiment analysis and m-payments are peripheral themes, yet topics like cloud computing and Open Data are emerging. As I3E is a highly diverse and continuously evolving field, it is important to (a) identify and understand its core foundations that might contribute to reinforcing the community''s identity; (b) detect under-represented or under-developed themes that require attention for their inclusion and success; (c) highlight research gaps in bridging theory and practice; and (d) find challenges and opportunities that hold the promise for improving the digitization processes. Furthermore, in Fig. 4 , the author-assigned keywords indicate that the community has few internally well-structured research themes, yet with weak external ties (Ivory Towers), acting as peripheral nodes to the global network (i.e., connect only to core nodes, yet not necessarily to mainstream topics only), and classified in clusters C2, C3 and C4 (e.g., mPayments, Digital Payment, Twitter, Sentiment Analysis, UTAUT2, Perceived Risk).
cord-021453-vf8xbaug	2007	The use of dogs continued as biomedical research advanced, and they were featured in many noteworthy studies, including those by Pavlov to observe and document the conditioned reflex response and by Banting and Best to identify the role of insulin in diabetes mellitus. Especially noted in this chapter are infectious diseases associated with the use of random-source dogs that have unknown vaccination history and have had intensive contact with other similar animals at pounds and/or shelters, or conditions seen frequently in the beagle, the most common breed used in biomedical research. Culture requires selective isolation media, and growth is favored by reduced oxygen tension and a temperature of 42~ Any disorder that can cause diarrhea in dogs should be considered as a differential diagnosis, including canine parvovirus, coronavirus, distemper virus, Giardia, and Salmonella infections; helminth infestations; and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis.
cord-021499-up5vftj4	2007	Depending on inoculation route, dose, strain, and age of mice, experimental infections may result in inflammation or cytomegaly with inclusion bodies in a variety of tissues, pneumonitis, myocarditis, meningoencephalitis, or splenic necrosis in susceptible strains (National Research Council, 1991; Osborn, 1982; Percy and Barthold, 2001) . Both strains are apathogenic for adult mice, but the immunosuppressive variant is more pathogenic for neonatal mice than is MMVp. Serological surveys show that the mouse is the primary natural host (Parker et al., 1970; Smith et al., 1993b; Singleton et al., 2000) , but the virus is also infective for rats, hamsters (Garant et al., 1980; Ward and Tattersall, 1982) , and Mastomys (Haag et al., 2000) during foetal development or after parenteral inoculation. Early descriptions of naturally occurring disease may have been complicated by concurrent infections such as MHV or murine rotavirus A (MuRV-A)/epizootic diarrhoea of infant mice (EDIM) virus that contributed to the severity of the lesions especially in liver, pancreas, CNS, and intestine.
cord-022940-atbjwpo5	2016	We have studied the effect of inhibition of IRE1 (inositol requiring enzyme 1), which is a central mediator of endoplasmic reticulum stress and controls cell proliferation and tumor growth, on hypoxic regulation of the expression of different proliferation related genes in U87 glioma cells. Transient inhibition of Akt and mTOR protein kinase activation in tumor cells followed by reactivation of signaling pathway did not result in a time-dependent difference on EGFR, HER2 and HER3 expression levels. In our study we aimed to determine cytotoxic effect of RES in K562 human CML cell line and to evaluate the expressions of miRNAs that are associated with genetics of leukemia after treatment with RES; to investigate target genes of miRNAs which show significant expression alterations and molecular mechanisms of RES treatment.
cord-023988-u60l07jv	2020	
cord-024020-6opgzgcj	2020	
cord-024853-07n3wroj	2020	
cord-025304-qfpfllay	2020	3,000 studies collecting 60 years of research publications with experimental settings, measured/manipulated variables of observation, and quantitative results, with the goal of establishing an open access database that researchers worldwide could consult to identify studies to include in their systematic literature reviews, as well as to directly conduct their own statistical (meta-)analyses. Conducting a meta-analysis then consists in: (1) Coding, i.e. annotating the studies with the relevant characteristics, including independent and dependent variables and effect sizes; (2) Analysis, i.e. estimating the overall effects using fixed and random effects models, determining heterogeneity in the studies, assessing publication bias, conducting moderator analyses through meta regression, performing statistical power analysis; (3) Interpretation, i.e. the presentation of the obtained results along with conclusions and graphical support, often including graphs such as forests, funnel, violin/scatter-box plots.
cord-025724-ea09nbkh	2020	13 In 2012, the Commission defined ERA as "a unified research area open to the world based on the Internal Market, in which researchers, scientific knowledge and technology circulate freely and through which the Union and its Member States strengthen their scientific and technological bases, their competitiveness and their capacity to collectively address grand challenges." 14 ERA was launched in the political framework of the Lisbon European Council of March 2000, where the EU set itself the new strategic goal of becoming "the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world capable of sustainable economic growth, with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion." 15 In Lisbon, research and development were drawn to the center of the EU''s strategy for achieving its goal by 2010.
cord-026851-cqpj9f1k	2020	The authors of this viewpoint and their collaborators are interested in COVID-19''s influence on the industry and seek to contribute to rapid information sharing by publishing concise papers. In the authors'' experience, their research notes or viewpoints were published in tourism journals after fast-tracked peer review. Fifth, readers can benefit comparatively quickly from research notes and short communications. In medical studies, including short-form research, time is of the essence: stakeholders cannot necessarily afford to wait for insight. It is time that tourism academics consider how their scholarly community can benefit from concise information updates. As full-length and brief research is subjected to the same peer review process, should universities and scholars necessarily distinguish them in quality? Yet the authors would encourage academics to review diverse brief communications in journals across disciplines. His current research interests lie in Chinese outbound tourism marketing, behaviours He sits on the editorial board of several journals including Annals of Tourism Research
cord-026998-vlmoa5dr	2020	The Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial of remdesivir was highlighted before any details were available even on preprint servers, and inferences made publicly about mortality reduction, although the trial did not show this. The laws of scientific inference and statistics have not been affected by the virus, and studies whose design guarantees they cannot produce a valid result still will not do so during the crisis. The crisis has shown that the normal processes of peer review and prioritization, both in funding and in publication, can be radically accelerated, but should be robust to protect the conduct of meaningful clinical research. We hope the research world, like the rest of society, will keep some of the helpful adaptations it has made to cope with the crisis. FDA will reportedly authorize use of remdesivir for Covid-19 after trial shows ''positive effect'' on recovery time
cord-027752-xcpv9k22	2011	
cord-029015-rn62sbfm	2020	The INSPIRE Human Translational Cohort (INSPIRE-T cohort) will recruit about 1000 individuals of several chronological ages (from 20 years to 100+) and functional capacity levels (from robust to frail, and even disabled) with baseline and follow-up biological, clinical, imaging and digital data over 10 years. The remote monitoring of intrinsic capacity will last the whole length of this research study, i.e., up to ten years Other examinations are proposed to a limited number of participants (all age ranges and functional status) in a volunteer basis: Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for body composition assessment; Whole body and brain magnetic resonance (MRI); cardiorespiratory fitness (maximum oxygen consumption (V02 max) with blood sampling before and after the effort, and maximal aerobic power), and isokinetic muscle strength. The INSPIRE-T cohort will gather clinical, biological (including imaging), and digital data for subjects of several chronological ages and functional capacity status regularly followed over up to 10 years.
cord-030279-pv770doe	2016	
cord-030281-6viikdbf	2020	In November 2019, the UK Disasters Research Group (DRG) brought together a number of key stakeholders focused on disaster risk, resilience, and sustainability research relevant to Official Development Assistance to consider how fit for purpose existing partnership models are for the pace of change required to deliver the priorities of the wider 2030 Agenda. While the discussions stemmed from a diversity of thought from across the disaster research space, it is acknowledged that the findings largely capture perspectives from those in the Global North and that discussions on the development of future partnerships would greatly benefit from a range of perspectives of stakeholders in LMICs. Driven by the commitment of researchers, individual and project-based partnerships offer much in the form of flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and defined timelines which, in the context of disaster risk management and resilience research, has several advantages.
cord-030512-jsdpltji	2020	We want to consider the role journals in general and ESM in particular might play in sustaining racism and perpetuating inequities within the field of mathematics education within and across countries. David Stinson (2017) writes about the need to consider white supremacy in mathematics education research as an alternative way of thinking about racism. I will point to one example of this kind of challenge to the status quo, but I mostly I want to leave the question open for discussion: Lihua Xu and David Clarke (2019) drew attention to significantly different cultural norms in Asian and English-speaking contexts to problematize assumptions and conceptualizations in research relating to what kind of communication is valued in mathematics classrooms. As editors of one of the leading scientific journals in the field of mathematics education, we need to take issues of racism and any other inequities very seriously.
cord-030922-l7xuu9a5	2020	
cord-031322-9hbqgdrb	2020	This article describes a rapid implementation research project with the Stockholm health care system to assist the system to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. PLAIN LANGUAGE ABSTRACT: This article describes a rapid implementation research project with the Stockholm health care system to assist the system to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. We used this "3D-2R" model to guide our documentation and assessment of the adaptations made to the intervention and to the implementation actions of the different changes that staff made to their practices, service organization and facilities, and to support systems. These implementation science concepts helped us to outline a logic model of context, implementation, and outcomes that helped us to decide which data to collect about the emergency management system for the SLSO primary and community health services. Our rapid implementation research with region Stockholm health care system revealed useful concepts and methods from implementation science for designing a study and assisting the response.
cord-031907-ilhr3iu5	2020	L.M., and the National Institutes of Health (R35GM119623) to T.R.G. The addition of a size exclusion chromatography step to various urinary extracellular vesicle concentrating methods reveals differences in the small RNA profile Introduction: Urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their RNA cargo are a novel source of biomarkers for various diseases, however non-vesicular RNA (e.g. associated with proteins) is also present within urine. We then evaluated efficiency of heart targeting for eAAV9 or eAAV6 and standard AAV9 or AAV6 encoding for EGFP, mCherry or firefly luciferase in different human cell lines in vitro, in black mouse and in passive immunity nude mouse model in vivo using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, Langendorff perfusion system and Methods: HLHS patients (n = 3) after Glenn procedure and swine (n = 3) after PAB were given RV injections of allogeneic/xenogeneic MSCs. Donor-specific, HLA-I+, exosomes were isolated from plasma.
cord-034672-qt1pu8wp	2020	
cord-034834-zap82dta	2020	
cord-035038-iefkv5g7	2020	Therefore, this article analyses to what extent COVID-19 as a whole and the blockade in particular have influenced sustainability research, and it describes the action paths that researchers around the world identify for overcoming the experienced challenges and the measures that can be implemented in the future based on existing technologies. Similarly, the provision of knowledge and science in understanding disaster and health-related emergency risks, as part of the sustainability research on current strategies for disaster resilience as outlined in the SENDAI Framework, can contribute to responses to COVID-19 (Djalante et al. These questions gathered relevant information on aspects such as respondents'' backgrounds, the impact of the lockdown on their work in terms of distance learning, workload and challenges faced, as well as future projections regarding the COVID-19 crisis influence on research.
cord-035165-sj5qdi9q	2020	While the emphasis differs in different areas of cancer research, the dominant route for research focused on biomarkers for guiding management of disease has, until recently, driven the widespread adoption and use of the "classic" biobank operating model which is to collect biospecimens and annotating data in order to store them and generate a large stock collection from which specific biospecimen cohorts could be selected for a given study. Biobanks can play an important role in addressing these issues by redirecting their expertise to brokering access to clinical specimens as well as focusing on services that provide researchers with bespoke models of collecting and processing biospecimens that are right for their biomarker research. The current evolution of biobanks from the existing prevalent classic model to prospective and services-based models, coupled with development of tools and programs aimed at improving the ways researchers can find biobank resources and disseminating common standards for access to clinical archives, and will ultimately improve biomarker discovery.
cord-102456-6jt4ksha	2020	However, now that we have navigated the initial surge of SARS-CoV-2 cases, many are considering how to reintroduce non-COVID-19 clinical research conduct while protecting participants, staff and ensuring data integrity. Here we review key considerations and suggest a step-wise approach for resuming clinical research including observational research, registry trials, and interventional trials, as well as potential data confounding related to COVID-19 infections that are important to consider as research studies restart and data are analyzed. In the spirit of "Do No Harm", it is critical that institutional policies and processes are in place to ensure that there is no significant additional risk of contracting viral respiratory or other infections in the normal course of participation in research studies; now during the COVID-19 pandemic, these principles are even more critical. Throughout the subject''s participation in clinical research during the pandemic, she expressed her appreciation for the opportunity to continue in the study from which she believed she was benefiting, with minimal risk of exposure to infection from SARS-CoV-2.
cord-118509-nws464ug	2020	In our review, we have explored the objectives/aims of the existing studies (i.e., the role of AI/ML in fighting COVID-19 pandemic); context of the study (i.e., study focused to a specific country-context or with a global perspective); type and volume of dataset; methodology, algorithms or techniques adopted in the prediction or diagnosis processes; and mapping the algorithms/techniques with the data type highlighting their prediction/classification accuracy. Most of the articles (n =16, 48%) were published focusing to detect the COVID-19 infected patients using different AI-based algorithms that include, for example, the Convoluted Neural Network (CNN) model, Support Vector Machine (SVM), generative adversarial network (GAN), and the transfer learning.
cord-164666-ktrw377u	2020	
cord-193136-7g6qr73e	2020	(2018) "Google Trends shows the changes in online interest for time series in any selected term in any country or region over a selected time period, for example, a specific year, several years, 3 weeks, 4 months, 30 days, 7 days, 4 hours, 1 hour, or a specified time-frame." They argue that as the internet penetration is increasing web based search activity has become a valid indicator of public behaviour. The paper positions itself in this direction; applying various tools and techniques of scientometrics, Altmetrics and Google Trends to draw meaning from the huge volume of research papers and online activity surrounding this pandemic. The trends observed in measures like lockdown, social distancing and quarantine at global and country level showed the societal increasing concern with these aspects.The findings of this study suggests how the research and public interest has been shaped around this disease.
cord-228140-5tf72dxc	2020	Our proposal of an Open Science definition as a political and legal framework where research outputs are shared and disseminated in order to be rendered visible, accessible, reusable is developed, standing over the concepts enhanced by the Budapest Open Science Initiative (BOAI), and by the Free/Open Source Software (FOSS) and Open data movements. Despite the increasing presence of Open Science policies and its benefits for the scientific community and the research practices, Open Science can be still considered a young issue requiring, in particular, a deeper understanding of the different ingredients that conform this movement. By "open access" to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself.
cord-252022-ug2xki56	2020	Countries in Africa, the Middle East, and South-East Asia need to increase their funding and research collaboration in the field of SDGs. The United Nations'' (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs), adopted on September 2015, are a universal political agenda that call for a collective action to achieve peace, prosperity, and well-being for all by 2030. The list of SDGs includes ending poverty, ending hunger, encouraging good health and well-being, providing quality education, promoting gender equality, providing clean water and sanitation, promoting affordable and clean energy, providing decent work and economic growth, addressing industry, innovation and infrastructure, reducing inequalities, developing sustainable cities and communities, encouraging responsible consumption and production, taking action on climate change, promoting life below water, promoting life on land, working towards peace, justice and strong institutions, and creating partnerships to achieve SDG goals [3] .
cord-252160-qy991tav	2020	Therefore, VA ORD prioritized the health and safety of study participants and appropriately deemed clinical research visits as nonessential during the COVID-19 pandemic, in line with the US Centers of Disease Control and the US National Institute of Health (CDC, 2020 , NIH, 2020 . While researchers have discussed challenges to conducting clinical trials during COVID-19, including efficient accrual and randomization, intervention adherence and delivery, and outcome collection (McDermott and Newman, 2020) , less is known about the perspectives of older participants and their caregivers related to their involvement in patientcentered research during a pandemic. In March of 2020, recognizing the importance of rapidly engaging patients and caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic, we briefly surveyed 51 participants who were enrolled in several ongoing psychogeriatric research studies pertaining to mild cognitive impairment, as well as major neurocognitive disorder with and without behavioral problems at the VISN 16 Little Rock Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, US (Padala et al., 2020) .
cord-252984-79jzkdu2	2020	I describe five principal causes of this failure, which I attribute primarily, but not solely, to methodological limitations of RCTs. Lastly, I make the case for why I think AI and the parallel movement of precision medicine embody approaches that are needed to augment, but probably not replace, our current research and development efforts in the field of mental health services. (1) harmonize terminology and specify MBC''s core components; (2) develop criterion standard methods for monitoring fidelity and reporting quality of implementation; (3) develop algorithms for MBC to guide psychotherapy; (4) test putative mechanisms of change, particularly for psychotherapy; (5) develop brief and psychometrically strong measures for use in combination; (6) assess the critical timing of administration needed to optimize patient outcomes; (7) streamline measurement feedback systems to include only key ingredients and enhance electronic health record interoperability; (8) identify discrete strategies to support implementation; (9) make evidence-based policy decisions; and (10) align reimbursement structures.
cord-254874-ug0ler5e	2019	BACKGROUND: This article describes a bibliometric review of the scientific production, geographical distribution, collaboration, impact, and subject area focus of pneumonia research indexed on the Web of Science over a 15-year period. The only document types we studied were original articles and reviews, analyzing descriptive indicators by five-year periods and the scientific production by country, adjusting for population, economic, and research-related parameters. In this study, by analyzing scientific papers on pneumonia published in the main international scientific journals, we aimed to identify the scientific contribution of different countries to the worldwide research effort, the most cited landmark articles, the degree and nature of scientific collaboration, and the topics addressed. Specifically, we will analyze: (1) the evolution of scientific production; (2) its distribution by countries and regions; (3) the impact of the research papers; and (4) the degree of international collaboration.
cord-255360-yjn24sja	2020	
cord-255572-tbrdis86	2020	
cord-255694-cdpsy36f	2020	title: Poor quality research and clinical practice during COVID-19 Breathe Chief Editor @ClaudiaCDobler on how #COVID19 amplifies flaws in clinical research and practice https://bit.ly/3cX0jpO COVID-19, however, also highlights and amplifies some of the challenges clinical research and practice are facing in general. There are numerous trials on different drug interventions competing for the same pool of COVID-19 patients, many with poor study design (e.g. small sample size, no comparator group, not randomised, single centre and no study protocol publicly available) [1] . On 17 May 2020, 1528 studies were registered on ClinicalTrials.gov using the term "COVID", of which only three were randomised trials to assess NIPPV, despite the urgent need for evidence to inform clinical practice in this area. Clinicians'' cognitive biases: a potential barrier to implementation of evidence-based clinical practice COVID-19 amplifies flaws in clinical research and practice
cord-257167-rz4r5sj7	2006	SY1-3-11-3 SAD: A novel kinase implicated in phosphoproteome at the presynaptic active zone Toshihisa Ohtsuka Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine/Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan SAD is a serine/threonine kianse, which has been shown to regulate various neuronal functions during development, including clustering synaptic vesicles, maturation of synapses, and axon/dendrite polarization: these have recently been revealed by genetic studies in C. The results suggest that EAAT4 plays a major role in regulating the concentration of CF transmitters, possibly glutamate, in the route of its extrasynaptic diffusion, and determining the degree of CF-induced inhibition of GABA release from BCs depending on the regional difference of EAAT4 expression in postsynaptic PCs. Chitoshi Takayama 1 , Yoshiro Inoue 1 1 Department of Molecular Neuroanatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan GABA mediates inhibitory transmission in the adult central nervous system (CNS).
cord-257322-39k015kf	2020	
cord-258650-aeyf0yu1	2020	title: deepMINE Natural Language Processing based Automatic Literature Mining and Research Summarization for Early-Stage Comprehension in Pandemic Situations specifically for COVID-19 In the demanding situation of COVID-19, we applied the literature mining with user entered keyword(s) and automatic generation of brief summary of research articles, that user searches for. The deepMINE is primarily performing two major functions namely mining of articles from available open data sources using user-entered keywords and generate brief technical summary in natural language for a quick review of articles that user interested with. The system has used the deep natural language processing-based text summarization for generating detailed technical summary given the research article as an input. Our system deepMINE is providing mining from 29,315 research articles with keywords by scanning nearly 1,46,115,136 English words available in literature dataset in not greater than 1.5 seconds.
cord-261711-nmmz9tke	2020	
cord-262143-s01jrtbb	2020	We present research on investments into infectious diseases research from funders in the G20 countries across an 18-year time period spanning 2000–17, comparing amounts invested for different conditions and considering the global burden of disease to identify potential areas of relative underfunding. 2 We present research done by the Research Investments in Global Health (RESIN) Study Group on research investments into infectious diseases from funders in the G20 countries across an 18-year time period spanning 2000-17, comparing amounts invested for different conditions and considering the global burden of disease to identify potential areas of relative underfunding. In this study, we provide an analysis of $105 billion of research investment as 94 074 public and philanthropic awards for infectious disease research covering the years 2000-17.
cord-262927-mehijkzo	2020	
cord-264204-4ablrwuo	2020	We provide recommendations for institutions, organizations such as the PGC, as well as individual senior investigators to ensure that the futures of early career investigators, especially those underrepresented in academic medicine such as women and underrepresented minorities, are not disproportionately disadvantaged by the COVID-19 pandemic. Four main themes characterized the comments: maintain team dynamics (e.g., utilizing videoconferencing for regular team meetings, being flexible with deadlines, use clear communication) (32.8% of responses); maintain good personal habits (e.g., keeping in mind productivity may be reduced, practicing self-care, keeping work and personal areas separate) (27.2%); reprioritize research goals (e.g., spending more effort on dry-lab projects rather than wet-lab, using available time to complete analyses or manuscripts, utilizing existing data for new projects) (20.8%); and shift recruitment to online approaches (e.g., phone interviews rather than face-to-face, development of online recruitment and consent protocols) (8.0%).
cord-265299-oovkoiyj	2016	The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th edition (National Research Council, 2011) is an internationally accepted document that outlines and discusses globally accepted environmental parameters for housing different species of animals including the mouse. Rats have been used as animal models in numerous areas of research from space exploration to answering more basic scientific questions regarding nutrition, genetics, immunology, neurology, infectious disease, metabolic disease, and behavior. Being social creatures, ideally rabbits should be housed in compatible pairs or trios unless contraindicated by the research objectives or by incompatibility of the animals (Sohn and Couto, 2012) . Rabbits are very easily heat stressed and thus must be kept at significantly lower temperatures than other laboratory animals like rats and mice. Historically, chickens (Gallus domesticus) are the most common bird species studied in biomedical and agricultural research and are a classic model in areas such as immunology, virology, infectious disease, embryology, and toxicology (Scanes and McNabb, 2003; Kaiser, 2012) .
cord-266440-69l9c3my	2020	
cord-266573-vfl08i2p	2020	Given increased risk of undue influence against pandemic background conditions, incentive payment should be avoided unless essential to recruitment and retention in important trials whose social value outweighs this risk. Given the pandemic''s devastating economic effects, as well as the fact that risks may be higher or more uncertain in COVID-19 trials than in nonpandemic research, there is an increased likelihood of undue influence stemming from incentive payments. Rather, in light of pandemic circumstances-similar features of which may be replicated in other contexts, including research conducted in low-and middle-income countries or with participants whose nonresearch options are limited even in the absence of a pandemic-offers of compensation may raise ethical concerns akin to incentives [14] . Acknowledging this challenge, the best IRBs can do is to minimize the possibility of undue influence for trial participants on the whole by making it unlikely for research participation to constitute an objectively unreasonable choice for members of the target study population.
cord-273918-knlc3bxh	2020	1,2 Furthermore, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, might infect the brain or trigger immune responses that have additional adverse effects on brain function and mental health in patients with Research funders and researchers must deploy resources to understand the psychological, social, and neuroscientific effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. We use the term mental health sciences to reflect the many different disciplines, including, but not limited to, psychology, psychiatry, clinical medicine, behavioural and social sciences, and neuroscience, that will need to work together in a multidisciplinary fashion together with people with lived experience of mental health issues or COVID-19 to address these research priorities.
cord-275069-opuwyaiv	2020	
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cord-276288-upv2o8f6	2020	
cord-276896-14zq3tln	2020	
cord-278900-3rfb1b71	2020	
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cord-281400-ho2m7nqn	2020	
cord-281877-r1y1hz4q	2020	
cord-282063-tkp1tifx	2020	Some examples of social media to advertise and recruit participants include: social networks (such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter), dating apps (Grindr, Scruff, and Jack''d), and online listservs for various medical societies or health conditions. Study assessments can be conducted via online surveys which can be emailed or text messaged to participants. In cases of limited literacy, research staff can read questions to study participants or use survey platforms that include the ability to audio-record questions. Telehealth and texting intervention to improve HIV care engagement, mental health and substance use outcomes in youth living with HIV: a pilot feasibility and acceptability study protocol WYZ: a pilot study protocol for designing and developing a mobile health application for engagement in HIV care and medication adherence in youth and young adults living with HIV Real-Time and Wireless Assessment of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy With Co-Encapsulated Ingestion Sensor in HIV-Infected Patients: A Pilot Study
cord-282724-zzkqb0u2	2020	Some key considerations and targets of research include: (1) feature engineering, transforming raw data into features (i.e. variables) that ML can better utilize to represent the problem/target outcome, (2) feature selection, applying expert domain knowledge, statistical methods, and/or ML methods to remove ''irrelevant'' features from consideration and improve downstream modeling, (3) data harmonization, allowing for the integration of data collected at different sites/institutions, (4) handling different outcomes and related challenges, e.g. binary classification, multi-class, quantitative phenotypes, class imbalance, temporal data, multi-labeled data, censored data, and the use of appropriate evaluation metrics, (5) ML algorithm selection for a given problem can be a challenge in itself, thus strategies to integrate the predictions of multiple machine learners as an ensemble are likely to be important, (6) ML modeling pipeline assembly, including critical considerations such as hyper-parameter optimization, accounting for overfitting, and clinical interpretability of trained models, and (7) considering and accounting for covariates as well as sources of bias in data collection, study design, and application of ML tools in order to avoid drawing conclusions based on spurious correlations.
cord-283260-9uo0hsst	2020	
cord-283976-jgae7r2q	2020	
cord-286950-j7m69833	2018	Half a decade after the contentious "gain-of-function" (GOF) debate of 2012 that followed experimentation showing that highly pathogenic avian influenza virus could become mammalian transmissible, it is possible to reflect on the arguments for and against this type of research. Confronted with a public outcry combined with a serious scientific debate on the benefits and risks of GOF-type experiments, in 2014 the NIH, which has administrative responsibility for the NSABB, imposed a moratorium on US-funded GOF experiments with "pathogens of pandemic potential (PPP)," those being influenza virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (MERS-CoV). A number of critics have argued that the risk of inadvertently creating a global pandemic through accidental release of an engineered, human-transmissible pathogen with high virulence and case fatality rate vastly outweighs any benefits that might be obtained from such research [e.g., 34 ].
cord-287068-47w9x9tq	2020	The four cases described are customised to the ANU management school philosophy but are examples of initiatives increasingly offered by a range of Australian universities in programs encouraging more interactive theory-practice work integrated learning (WIL). The table outlines social, practice and research gains from educational interactions, with the final column focused on the shared commons and benefits of academics engaging deeply with external stakeholders. Regional Industry Training -Broaden community exposure to education -Adds value to regional systems and clusters -Lifts quality of regional thinking -Increased enterprise and regional value -Growth for individual enterprises -Experience of action learning to improve business outcomes -Familiarisation with new frameworks -Opportunities for action research -Improved likelihood of successful Linkage and ARC partnership grants -Opportunity to test current theory in practice -Ensures needs of regions inform educators, management and marketing schools and universities -Builds two-way links and bonds across respective domains A.
cord-287914-6ecm9ive	2020	
cord-288052-qfjet2sa	2020	
cord-288477-dojdlfrv	2020	
cord-293151-g3758oes	2015	This provides the necessary background to discuss the spontaneous diseases, including infectious and neoplastic conditions, prevalent in purpose bred as well as random source dogs used in biomedical research. Several factors that increase pressure at the site and/or affect the integrity of the skin will predispose an individual to develop pressure sores, including poor hygiene, self-trauma, low-protein diet, preexisting tissue damage, muscle wasting, inadequate bedding, and ill-fitting coaptation devices (Swaim and Angarano, 1990) . Chronic or recurrent corneal ulcers may also be associated with infection or hereditary causes in some breeds of dogs; however, these would be rare in the laboratory setting. Research Complications Treatment of early-stage or low-grade mammary tumors may be rewarding, allowing dogs to continue on study.
cord-302330-i1mndt3c	2006	Despite the relatively small numbers used in the laboratory, ferrets have some unique applications including study of human influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated corona virus. To date, this model continues to be an important use of the ferret and includes work on pathogenesis, treatment, vaccine development, and investigation of Reye''s syndrome (Maher and DeStefano 2004) . Finally, ferrets are used in cardiovascular research, including myocardial infarct models, in neural development and visual system studies, in skeletal research, for pediatric endotracheal intubation training, and for the investigation of renal disease secondary to toxin producing intestinal infection with Escherichia coli (Crawford et al. Despite the possibility that researchers may be less familiar with ferrets than with other laboratory species, it is important for investigators to realize that ferrets may be selected, purchased, and transported in a manner similar to other animals.
cord-302421-tvy7uo7u	2020	The primary aims of this article were to (a) present a range of potential solutions to problems threatening the rigor of ongoing research and (b) propose new directions in family science aimed at understanding how families adapt to change and adversity arising from the pandemic. An example with particular relevance to family science is the Two-Method Missing Design, an approach used when there is a gold standard measure of a construct (e.g., behavioral observations of family interactions) that cannot be administered to all participants due to time, money, resources, or, in the case of COVID-19, social distancing guidelines. Drawing on past research and theory, we can investigate the specific impact of the stress and adversity arising from COVID-19 on individual mental health and family functioning and identify modifiable risk and resiliency factors to target in interventions. In the absence of ongoing longitudinal studies, the COVID-19 pandemic presents another avenue for family scientists to pursue new research on the impact of stress and adversity on family functioning.
cord-307393-z0k3cujs	2020	
cord-308421-22rcptor	2020	ECRO will aim to provide the views of ESMO on clinical research procedures based on the feedback from clinical investigators, under complete adherence to the Declaration of Helsinki, the GCP guidelines and any other applicable legal regulations, while at the same time showing profound respect for all the stakeholders involved in clinical research. ECRO will aim to provide the views of ESMO on clinical research procedures based on the feedback from clinical investigators, under complete adherence to the Declaration of Helsinki, the GCP guidelines and any other applicable legal regulations, while at the same time showing profound respect for all the stakeholders involved in clinical research. While adherence to the Declaration of Helsinki, GCP guidelines and local regulations remains unquestionable, many experienced investigators believe that their overinterpretation and misinterpretation by Clinical Research Organisations (CROs), and their substitution by their own internal Standard Operating Procedures have significantly increased the administrative burden.
cord-308645-5fghudac	2020	
cord-308762-lxhq9ga4	2020	
cord-309563-3cuzmsll	2014	Recent studies, particularly those on influenza viruses, have led to renewed attention on DURC, as there is an ongoing debate over whether the benefits of gain-of-function (GOF) experiments that result in an increase in the transmission and/or pathogenicity of potential pandemic pathogens (PPPs) are outweighed by concerns over biosecurity and biosafety. Recent studies, particularly those on influenza viruses, have led to renewed attention on DURC, as there is an ongoing debate over whether the benefits of gain-of-function (GOF) experiments that result in an increase in the transmission and/or pathogenicity of potential pandemic pathogens (PPPs) are outweighed by concerns over biosecurity and biosafety. In this Viewpoint article, proponents and opponents of GOF experiments discuss the benefits and risks associated with these studies, as well as the implications of the current debate for the scientific community and the general public, and suggest how the current discussion should move forward.
cord-309769-phi3re5g	2020	
cord-313061-osfpc2px	2020	
cord-314092-ph5vrba6	2020	
cord-315925-hnvf634e	2020	
cord-318987-qpgc17qm	2020	
cord-321800-0h28pg3b	2020	RESULTS: The trend in publication and citation numbers shows the strong influence of the past pandemics SARS and MERS with an untypical decline afterward. The current extremely rapid global spread of SARS-CoV-2 has led to the highly dangerous outbreak of the pandemic CoVID-19 with daily increasing numbers of new infections and deaths around the world. Additionally, socio-economic, scientific and epidemiological parameters were related to the publication numbers to obtain an even more meaningful picture of the global landscape of CoV research. The resulting scientific interest and the possible in-si-VIEWPOINTS RESEARCH THEME 1: COVID-19 PANDEMIC tu investigation of the cases caused the publication figures to rise at the beginning of the SARS disease and to fall rapidly thereafter. Here, the USA and China are the highest-ranking countries, demonstrating their overall interest in CoV research and also focusing on the MERS pandemic, despite the relatively low case numbers.
cord-323330-ghwhgkdm	2018	Here, we carried out a bibliometric survey that aimed to examine publication trends in Plesiomonas-related research by time and place, international collaborative works, identify gaps and suggest directions for future research. The articles were evaluated in terms of annual and country-specific output, theme, domain clusters, international collaboration networks, citations, topical evolution related to keywords and co-occurrence networks, co-authorship, and funding. We used the search term "Plesiomonas shigelloides" to identify primary research articles published between 1990 and 2017. Health emergencies (e.g., outbreaks of infection) relating to emerging viral pathogens including Zika and Chikungunya viruses have driven the generation of new scientific knowledge, resulting in a significant increase in the number of research articles on these subjects [68] . The United States and Sweden dominated the list of top 20 countries most actively researching Plesiomonas in terms of numbers of articles and citations.
cord-324356-v0bqi5c2	2020	
cord-324388-onc441uw	2020	Notwithstanding the low-risk nature of participation in most regional anesthesia clinical trials, subject recruitment on the same day as surgery is often prohibited by local research ethics boards (REB) due to their concerns regarding patient autonomy and perceptions of patient vulnerability immediately before surgery that could impact the voluntary nature and the rigor of the informed consent process.
cord-327202-2um6jmhk	2018	The conundrum of dual use research of concern was crystallized by the so-called "gain-of-function" type of experiments in which avian influenza viruses were endowed with new properties in the laboratory such as increased virulence and the capacity for mammalian transmission. The major outcome of the great GOF controversy of 2012 is that it defined and crystallized some of the issues of dual-use research in biology by providing clear examples of experiments that were of great scientific value while also raising biosecurity and biosafety concerns. Consequently, when faced with GOF papers containing information that could conceivably be used to enhance the pathogenicity or transmissibility of a virus, editors and journals have almost always opted for full publication, usually requiring more details from the authors about biosafety and biosecurity methods, and often publishing an accompanying editorial emphasizing the scientifically useful aspects of the research [for examples, see Dermody et al.
cord-329253-z6okp606	2020	It is heartening to see ECIs prioritizing data analyses, grant and/or manuscript preparation and reviewing journals during their time out of the lab as an effort to maintain momentum, as they balance their career responsibilities with a daunting set of demands related to increased personal responsibilities during the pandemic 1 . Lastly, we regret the unique impact of social distancing that this pandemic is having on mentoring and networking opportunities for ECIs. Scientific meetings are COVID-19 impact on early career investigators: a call for action Here we discuss current challenges for the cancer research community as they apply to early career investigators (ECIs). Here we discuss current challenges for the cancer research community as they apply to early career investigators (ECIs). This impact is particularly felt by ECIs at institutions without robust scientific networks or career development programmes, such that it can disproportionately impact those with less institutional support and a less vibrant local research environment.
cord-329273-upzxscux	2018	The first European Respiratory Society (ERS) course on acute respiratory pandemics was organised to train and improve participants'' knowledge on how to plan for and manage pandemics [7] . • Creating awareness, training medical personnel and planning an appropriate response at all healthcare levels is essential for pandemic preparedness. PREPARE is a European research framework designed to harmonise large-scale clinical research studies on infectious diseases in order to provide real-time evidence for clinical management and timely healthcare interventions during a pandemic (www.prepare-europe.eu). At the end of the workshop, situational reports were given by each stakeholder, underscoring the need for integrated care, effective communication skills, early research and information management in the event of an outbreak. Important take-home messages were the need to improve communication between stakeholders and establish effective collaboration in outbreak control, as well as early efforts to integrate research activities in the event of a pandemic. ERS training course: acute respiratory pandemics: how to plan and manage
cord-331068-rjc3b4br	2017	Due to significant missing but theoretically acquirable data, our biosafety assessment faced limitations, and we were forced to provide a relative, instead of absolute, measure of risk (Gryphon Scientific, LLC, Risk and Benefit Analysis of Gain of Function Research, 2016). These missing data, once acquired via relatively simple primary research efforts, would not only improve biosafety risk assessments but also could be immediately incorporated into biosafety practices to reduce the risk of accidents. As such, we believe significantly more funding is urgently and immediately needed to support three basic thrusts: (i) development of a national incident reporting system, (ii) primary research programs focused on HRAs, equipment failures, and decontamination efficiencies, and (iii) sharing of best practices. In our experience visiting laboratories undertaking gain-of-function research, we noted some institutions maintained a strong safety culture that likely played a significant role in reducing the risk of accident in these labs.
cord-331133-6zu44fn2	2013	To produce more rapid, responsive, and relevant research, we propose approaches that increase relevance via greater stakeholder involvement, speed research via innovative designs, streamline review processes, and create and/or better leverage research infrastructure. Research infrastructures such as rapid learning systems and other health information technologies can be leveraged to rapidly evaluate new and existing treatments, and alleviate the extensive recruitment delays common in traditional research. What are needed are "rapid-learning research systems" that integrate researchers, funders, health systems, practitioners, and community partners asking clinically relevant questions, using efficient and innovative research designs, and leveraging rich, longitudinal data sets from millions of patients. Broad stakeholder engagement involving patients, providers, health plans, policy makers and other relevant stakeholders may seem counterintuitive as a strategy to speed research, but this time investment has the potential to improve the recruitment and retention of study participants, thus increasing the pace of conducting the study.
cord-331619-63qqrn2w	2019	With this in mind, in 2015, the IDCRP established the Epidemiology, Immunology and Clinical Characteristics of Emerging Infectious Diseases with Pandemic Potential (EpICC-EID) protocol, which was designed to fill critical needs by providing military hospitals with a plan to respond rapidly to public health crises/outbreaks of diseases with severe outcomes with potential to spread to the civilian populations in the United States and abroad. In addition, EIDAR supports studies investigating the disease burden, risk factors, and clinical outcomes associated with emerging and/or reemerging pathogens responsible for causing outbreaks of disease affecting U.S. military populations. 27 In response to the U.S. military''s largest outbreak of STEC (nearly 300 cases) which occurred at the U.S. Marine Corps Recruit Depot-San Diego in the Fall of 2017, a new EIDAR protocol was developed to investigate long-term health impact of STEC infection through a 5-year follow-up online surveybased study assessing clinical outcomes.
cord-331715-dg1jg4t9	2020	RESULTS: Despite being ranked third in the number of publications on biomedical and health research per capita in MENA and in hosting reputable universities which are considered central academic hubs in the region, lack of nationwide research culture, insufficient funding and limited access to data were reported to be major challenges for health researchers in Lebanon. However, the protracted nature of contemporary conflicts and their long-term impact on health provision has led to an increased demand and willingness to conduct and strengthen health research capacity in conflict-affected settings [4] [5] [6] , including countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region [7] . The 11 main themes that emerged are in accordance with those specified by the conceptual framework previously designed by our research team: perception of research capacity strengthening, research culture, current capacities and strategies of universities, research skills, infrastructure (data availability & ethics), funding & sustainability, partnerships (local & international) and the role of women working in Lebanon in health research [7] .
cord-332313-9m2iozj3	2016	In a bid to address the issues involved in achieving network-wide outcomes, our work here sheds new light on quantifying structural efficiency to control inter-organizational networks maintained by public research institutions. With the addition of temporal dynamics to inter-organizational relations, a chain of networks over time allows the description of the structural evolution of public research institutions. In this study, we divided institutional research portfolios into six time periods based on scientific output over eighteen years (1995) (1996) (1997) (1998) (1999) (2000) (2001) (2002) (2003) (2004) (2005) (2006) (2007) (2008) (2009) (2010) (2011) (2012) , and estimated structural efficiencies of research similarity networks. In order to understand the relation between efficiency and the inter-organizational research network, we extracted major features across institutions based on some structural properties, such as network size and connectivity.
cord-332569-af8oq2d6	2017	While NHPs account for just one-half of one percent of animals in current medical research, it is no exaggeration to say they are essential to our ability to find cures for cancer, AIDS, Alzheimer''s, Parkinson''s, obesity/diabetes, and dozens of other diseases that cause human suffering and death. This research is also helping scientists to uncover information that makes human organ transplants easier and more accessible, literally giving new life to those whose kidneys, hearts, and lungs are failing. The islets in mice, rats, pigs, and other animals share some similarities with humans, but there are important differences, making monkeys a critical model for developing treatment and prevention methods, and for testing new therapies for people with diabetes. � NHPs shown to naturally develop diabetes, which is the same disease as in humans, thus opening the path to research for new treatments.
cord-333801-4pjdutgg	2019	Various study designs, including, but not limited to experimental, quasi-experimental, observational, qualitative, and mixed method designs, have been used in pharmacy practice research. The choice of a study design to answer a research question in pharmacy practice research is driven by several factors, including the type of the research question or the research hypothesis, expertise of the investigator, availability of data, and funding opportunities. Traditionally, core quantitative approaches used in pharmacy practice research include nonexperiments, quasi-experimental designs, and true experimental designs such as prospective randomized controlled intervention trials. In pharmacoepidemiology and other areas of pharmacy practice, researchers are often interested in measuring the relationships between exposure to a drug and its efficacy, toxicity, or other outcomes of interest using observational study designs. In the following section, interpretative frameworks and philosophical orientations, methodologies, data collection and analysis methods, approaches to ensure rigor, and ethical considerations in qualitative research are briefly discussed (Cohen et al., 2013; Creswell, 2013) .
cord-334621-bhvemgjv	2020	Using available technology, early career scientists Chelsie Counsell and Franziska Elmer created a global, virtual, coral reef research conference with live talks, recorded contributions, and networking events. GCRW thus became an opportunity for coral reef scientists to share their research, network with new colleagues, and try the virtual conference experience. When organizing GCRW, we strived to retain the key components of an in-person conference, i.e., research talks, plenary talks, workshops, networking, and other social events. In response to participant requests shared during GCRW, conference organizer Franziska Elmer partnered with plenary speaker Robby Thigpen (Marine Conservation without Borders) and participant Neus Figueras (University of Barcelona) to lead a live workshop on ways to strengthen outreach and communication. We deliberately did not schedule live events on the last two conference days, which enabled us to organize and host additional programming (i.e., live-streamed workshops and collaborative research-project-development meetings) in response to the expressed interest of our participants.
cord-335166-60lfjfvs	2020	There is increasing support for the engagement of stakeholders in setting the priorities for research as well as in research processes and translation [7, 38, 51, 58, 59] Adopt monitoring and evaluation tools that focus on the objectives of the NHRS, including health system improvement A range of documents, including ones on the NIHR [24] , HRB [60] and Rwandan strategies [14] , and the World Health Report 2013 [1] , demonstrate the importance of adopting monitoring and evaluation approaches that include a focus on assessing the impacts of research on health polices/practice and the economy, e.g. through application of the Payback Framework [60, 61] Develop/participate in partnerships across regions, bilaterally or within the NHRS Examples of progress made by partnerships between countries, sometimes along with international organisations and donors, include the WAHO interventions [5, 37, 53, 54] and the work of WHO regional offices for Africa [11, 26] implemented in practice within research organisations [74] and how evidence is used in decision-making in crisis zones [75] .
cord-338889-7hd3iibk	2020	10 Of the 10 standards laid down in this Code, and with which physician-researchers must comply when carrying out experiments on human subjects, standard 5, in particular, has become highly relevant these days due to pressure from influential medical stakeholders, agencies and bioethicists to permit the conduct of controlled human infection studies (CHIs), also labeled human challenge trials (HCTs), or challenge studies (CSs) to possibly shorten the development time of vaccines to protect against Covid-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
cord-339080-lw45xd9m	2019	title: Integrating the resources of Korean disaster management research via the Johari window Descriptive content analysis was used to compare resources with the viewpoints of Korean-speaking researchers and English-speaking researchers using the Johari window. If the Korean research field fails to assess or use the networks of all disaster management research resources, it may not smoothly suggest appropriate alternatives not only for decision-makers but also for disaster victims. Descriptive content analysis was the methodology used for this study, as it has been considered as one of the most effective tools in analyzing the important features of Korean disaster management research resources and evaluating not only the tangible effects of research resources but also their intangible effects (FenRIAM, 2019; Vo, 2013) . Using impact assessment, this article assesses (or evaluates) how the Korean field of disaster management research has been doing with its resources and what the field should do to improve the current situation and establish appropriate alternatives.
cord-342939-b7qn6ynk	2012	This article addresses issues that are central to the dual use of biotechnology, such as the public perception of risk and the need for physical containment to prevent the release of potentially dangerous microorganisms. It also examines the public and media perception of the scientists who handle and manipulate these pathogens and discusses the controls that are currently in place to ensure that scientists engaged in defense-related dual-use medical research act in a transparent and ethical manner. It also examines the public and media perception of the scientists who handle and manipulate these pathogens and discusses the controls that are currently in place to ensure that scientists engaged in defense-related dual-use medical research act in a transparent and ethical manner. Although extremely rare, this event is likely to have had a major impact on the public perception of scientists engaged in defense-related research and their motivation.
cord-343072-3wuh6k6g	2020	title: Understand Research Hotspots Surrounding COVID-19 and Other Coronavirus Infections Using Topic Modeling (9) and Md Mahbub Hossain MBBS (10) have performed bibliometric analysis to evaluate the scientific literature on coronavirus infections as well as COVID-19, basing on indicators such as the number of articles, the productivity of authors, geographic distribution of articles and prominent keywords. The purpose of this work was to conduct LDA modeling for semantic and quantitative evaluations of the current status of literature on CoV infections as well as COVID-19, identify broad research topics and how these topics interact with one another. We found that topics of clinical characterization, epidemiology, and virus transmission are hotspots for COVID-19 at present, while research on pathogenesis, therapeutics, virus diagnostics, vaccines and viral genomics are urgently needed. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.26.20044164 doi: medRxiv preprint 5 total, 1,482 articles were identified as COVID-19-related research.
cord-343881-0i3rfpvd	2020	RESULTS: Thematic analysis of the significant body of combined data shows the WHO roadmap is globally relevant; however, new important priorities have emerged, in particular, pertinent to low and lower middle-income countries (less resourced countries), where health systems are under significant competing pressures. For example, there is a strong call for evidence on the relative effectiveness and optimal implementation of public health interventions in varied global settings, for social science studies to guide how to gain public trust and mitigate myths, to understand the impact on already present diseases within communities and to explore the ethics of research within a pandemic. Using broad consultative workshops, we have identified additional considerations beyond the WHO roadmap scope in order to broaden the current global research priorities at this point in time to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic and to help learn for any future outbreaks.
cord-345146-o6vbuxnw	2020	Based on an in-depth content analysis of these clusters, we identify the following future research opportunities: A systematic compilation of all intraand extra-organizational management aspects, moderators, and mediators, extending radical innovation research''s epistemological basis by adding strategic foresight, further research in individual, group (team), organizational, and inter-organizational capabilities required for radical innovation, a managerial perspective on adoption and diffusion of radical innovations, applying portfolio theory and real options theory to radical innovation research, stronger research efforts on coping strategies for firms faced with competitors'' radical innovations, and intensifying both industry-specific and cross-industry research. Other influential articles that shaped the field of adical innovation cover a variety of subjects including incumbent firm performance (Hill & Rothaermel, 2003) , corporate culture (Tellis, Prabhu, & Chandy, 2009 ), strategy (McDermott & O''Connor, 2002) , knowledge (Zhou & Li, 2012) , and design and meanings (Verganti, 2008) .
cord-345444-j2hgzrtm	2020	In addition to pragmatic guidelines dictating our research efforts backed by a meticulous peer-review, we researchers are also obligated to adhere to J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f the principles of scientific integrity aiming at the most accurate and objective representation of the study results, despite a condensed time frame in a pandemic situation [8, 9] . Identifying the potential sources of misinformation at the level of social media blogs, news reports and other mass media regulators, the scientific community needs to engage at these sources (in the form of commentaries, interviews, expedited reviews and joint author-journal posts, vetting the dissemination of information) to augment the resultant control on the derived narratives (alongside the preservation of veracity) and to execute every possible opportunity to curtail the dissemination of the infodemic monikers, which tend to accelerate misinformation in one or the other form [14, 15] .
cord-345524-vre54bq9	2020	METHODS: We used the New Quality and Quantity Indices in Science platform to analyze global NSI research (n = 2987 articles) over the past 115 years using the Web of Science and parameters such as global versus country-specific research activities, semi-qualitative issues, and socioeconomic figures. We approached this issue by relating NSI research activity to the (1) total economic power index "gross domestic product" (GDP) per billion US-$, (2) GDP per capita, and (3) country population sizes (World Factbook (World Economic Outlook Database 2013)). A similar landscape is present, when the number of NSI publishing institutions/affiliations per country is analyzed (Fig. 2) : The USA is the leading country with i = 739 different affiliations, followed by Great Britain (i = 183), France (i = 148), Italy (i = 129), Germany (i = 110), and Japan (i = 109) (Fig. 3 ). Our approach aimed to visualize global research activities in the field of NSI and related areas of science.
cord-346176-w6uaet7l	2020	In this document we provide a suggested roadmap for resuming gastrointestinal translational research activities, emphasising physical distancing and use of personal protective equipment. We discuss modes of virus transmission in enclosed environments [including clinical workplaces and laboratories] and potential risks of exposure in the endoscopy environment for research staff. Efforts focus primarily on physical distancing, use of PHASE personal protective equipment [PPE] , and addressing capacity needs of health care systems to deal with the outbreak. Local and institutional guidance is required to resume translational research activities, including patient interactions. • Invitation of persons currently infected with SARS-CoV-2 from the community into the research environment would cause unnecessary and inappropriate risk of viral transmission. These guidelines address safety precautions in relevant workspaces [including laboratory and endoscopy environments] as well as in specific research activities such as sample collection, handling, and transportation.
cord-347121-5drl3xas	2020	The platform combines patient genomic & omics data sets, a marketplace for AI & bioinformatics algorithms, new diagnostic tools, and data-sharing capabilities to advance virus epidemiology and biomarker discovery. The platform is a proven research ecosystem used by universities, biotech, and bioinformatics organizations to share and analyze omics data and can be used for a variety of use cases; from precision medicine, drug discovery, translational science to building data repositories, and tackling a disease outbreak. Our approach is designed to provide healthcare professionals with an urgently needed platform to find and analyze genetic data, and securely and anonymously share sensitive patient data to fight the disease outbreak. Among other use-cases, the provided platform can be used to rapidly study SARS-CoV-2, including analyses of the host response to COVID-19 disease, establish a multi-institutional collaborative datahub for rapid response for current and future pandemics, characterizing potential co-infections, and identifying potential therapeutic targets for preclinical and clinical development.
cord-349790-dezauioa	2020	Methods: We systematically searched indexed academic literature from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science from 2000 to April 2019 for peer-reviewed articles that substantively engaged in discussion of ethical issues in the use of pathogen genome sequencing technologies for diagnostic, surveillance and outbreak investigation. We systematically searched indexed academic literature from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science from 2000 to April 2019 for peer-reviewed articles that substantively engaged in discussion of ethical issues in the use of pathogen genome sequencing technologies for diagnostic, surveillance and outbreak investigation. Implementation science research may also inform best practices for discussing the meaning and limitations of sequence data and cluster membership with community members and help to identify acceptable and evidence-based approaches that impose the least risk to persons within specific contexts. Many noted that there are important reasons to ensure that the public and individuals understand the uses of data collected as part of a sequencing studies, and the potential risks.
cord-350229-56rt4wga	2020	Applying bibliometric and econometric tools, this study presents a comparative analysis of the extant research across the three sub-domains of banking and finance, production and operations, and accounting. Emerging from the field of Banking and Finance, research in trade credit has evolved as a multi-disciplinary scientific domain with contributions from Business Management, Industrial What is the state-of-the-art of the research front-in terms of publications, authorship and citation structure, influence, impact, activity, and productivity of its contributing authors and publishing sources-and how does it vary in the pre and post crisis era of 2008? Thus, the literature analysed exhibit three broader academic domains: first, the banking and financing aspects, and second, the production and operational dimensions, and third the accounting perspectives of trade credit. In Figure 12 , the majority of the journals present the financial perspectives of trade credit In the subsequent section we report the outcome of the regression analysis revealing some key variables influencing the total citations of the discipline over the years.
cord-350571-6tapkjb6	2017	Possible solutions might be to use shared communication tools like Internet based communication programs and to introduce the patient as a participant at the IMRs. Please specify your abstract type: Research abstract Background and objective: International good pharmacy practice guidelines describe how pharmacists should counsel the patients about their medicines, offer additional services where needed, and intervene at drug related problems. Please specify your abstract type: Descriptive abstract (for projects) Background and objective: In order to improve the medication reconciliation and to implement training programs for the medical team in an associated to general hospital nursing (ASNH) home we measured the discrepancies between pharmacy registered treatments (PRT) and medical prescriptions (MP), and we analysed potentially inappropriate prescriptions according to ''''American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria'''' and ''''STOPP-START 2014 criteria.
cord-350703-vrqltz3s	2016	She is studying the response of primary human mononuclear cells to dengue virus infection, aiming to establish a more relevant in vitro model for antiviral drug testing and to identify potential new antiviral targets, using genome-wide transcriptomic analysis. According to ISAR member Robert Jordan, who heads the Gilead team developing antivirals against respiratory viruses, the parent compound was originally discovered as part of the hepatitis C program, targeting the HCV polymerase, but the strong clinical efficacy of sofosbuvir, especially in combination with ledipasvir, resulted in the molecule being evaluated for other indications, including respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). ISAR members know Andrea (standing, above, with Cardiff colleague Salvatore Ferla) as the winner of the 2013 Prusoff Young Investigator Award, but not all of us are familiar with the direction of his career, which has increasingly explored the use of computer-based methods to design new antivirals and anticancer drugs.
cord-351454-mc7pifep	2017	METHODS: A systematic review (registration: 10.17605/OSF.IO/6PZ5E) of the health and medical research literature was used to uncover any evidence-based incentives, with preand post-empirical data that examined data sharing rates. This review considered published journal articles with empirical data that trialed any incentive to increase data sharing in health and medical research. Articles must have tested an incentive that could increase data sharing in health and medical research. These articles did not fit the inclusion criteria, but based on the abstracts they were mostly concerned with observing data sharing patterns in the health and medical research community, using quantitative and qualitative methods. Given that the systematic review found only one incentive, we classified the data sharing strategies tested in the health and medical research community. This systematic review verified that there are few evidence-based incentives for data sharing in health and medical research.
cord-351512-h4vigeuy	2020	In the present paper, we attempt to characterise, quantify and measure the response of academia to international public health emergencies in a comparative bibliometric study of multiple outbreaks. From our analysis of six infectious disease outbreaks since 2000, including COVID-19, we find that academia always responded quickly to public health emergencies with a sharp increase in the number of publications immediately following the declaration of an outbreak by the WHO. Researches in the fields of virology, infectious diseases and immunology are the most active, and we identified two characteristic patterns in global science distinguishing research in Europe and America that is more focused on public health from that conducted in China and Japan with more emphasis on biomedical research and clinical pharmacy, respectively. From the perspective of countries and world regions, funding agencies in the USA, China, and the UK contributed most to supporting research in response to public health emergencies, as shown in Fig. 11 .
cord-352348-2wtyk3r5	2007	The quality of our scientific output (perceived as a change in disease incidence and/or the development of a therapy) is largely dependent on the quality of the input data and the methods for their processing and interpretation, although the process of generating effective translational science is not as linear (that is, from molecules to models to humans) as is often thought. These revolve around our understanding of the nature of the translational process, the integration of the outputs of different technological approaches to disease, the use of models, access to tissues and appropriate materials, and the need for support in increasingly complex areas such as ethics and bioinformatics. Such debates might facilitate the comparison of data between laboratories and between species, and might highlight the components of specific diseases that are ripe for the development of new in vivo models and protocols (for example, there remains a great need to more effectively model the role of the innate immune system in acute and chronic asthma), broadening the number of disease processes or phenotypes that are modelled in pathology.
cord-352598-fskqeqtt	2020	However, these key attributes of sustainability science often conflict with university structures and established academic work practices, for instance with regard to frequent long-distance travel. These principles comprise: (1) monitor the environmental footprint, (2) foster learning and innovation, (3) reduce the environmental footprint, (4) nurture campus sustainability, (5) embrace sustainability in private life, (6) constructively deal with environmental anxiety, (7) design research projects for sustainability impact, (8) engage with stakeholders, (9) capitalize on sustainability teaching, and (10) recognize biases and limits. Applying sustainability principles in everyday research practices can provide important social tipping points that may trigger the spreading of new social norms and behaviors. Many researchers experience these contradictions between key principles of sustainability and everyday practices not only at university level, but also in their individual behaviors (for instance, when flying back from academic meetings to have more time with their families).
cord-355036-qa0cjszv	2020	While scientists at all stages in their careers have been impacted by these changes to the research environment, early career scientists such as postdoctoral fellows and junior faculty are particularly vulnerable during these unconventional times. Because early career scientists are in the process of establishing independence during times of restricted research activities, we believe that they are particularly susceptible to the direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 crisis. To circumvent this loss, we suggest that research advisors sustain scientific creativity and knowledge sharing by holding virtual lab meetings and journal clubs, which can build a sense of community and routine among group members and support research productivity. We also suggest that early career scientists hold virtual meetings with colleagues and collaborators to update them about their research projects and use this as an opportunity for informal feedback and conceptualization of subsequent studies. The scientific community as a whole will be even more drastically impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic if early career scientists are not supported.
cord-355130-a2jc1g0i	2020	These universal agreements reflect a global consensus to address climate change and strive for sustainable and balanced social and economic development that promotes the well-being of socio-ecological systems. In this Perspective, we argue that in order to generate positive social and environmental changes globally, sustainability science must transform into a transdisciplinary enterprise. The evolution of what is now known as sustainability science has been important, but clearly it is not yet enough to play a pivotal role in social transformations needed for human preservation in the face of accelerating changes of the Anthropocene. Not only has failure to integrate important insights from the social sciences and environmental humanities limited the perceived ''''solution space'''' for responding to global challenges, but sustainability science has also failed to engage with the ''''how'''' of transformative change.