id sid tid token lemma pos cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 1 key key NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 2 : : : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 3 cord-271822-ohkki0ke cord-271822-ohkki0ke NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 4 authors author NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 5 : : : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 6 Verma Verma NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 7 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 8 Siddhartha Siddhartha NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 9 ; ; : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 10 Dhanak Dhanak NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 11 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 12 Manhar Manhar NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 13 ; ; : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 14 Frankenfield Frankenfield NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 15 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 16 John John NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 17 title title NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 18 : : : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 19 Visualizing visualize VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 20 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 21 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 22 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 23 face face NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 24 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 25 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 26 obstructing obstruct VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 27 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 28 jets jet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 29 date date NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 30 : : : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 31 2020 2020 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 32 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 33 06 06 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 34 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 35 01 01 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 36 journal journal NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 37 : : : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 38 Phys Phys NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 39 Fluids Fluids NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 41 1994 1994 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 1 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 2 1 DOI DOI NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 2 2 : : : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 2 3 10.1063/5.0016018 10.1063/5.0016018 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 2 4 sha sha NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 2 5 : : : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 2 6 bf64e512509f4aa9d350cd5dc596a5975be65dd5 bf64e512509f4aa9d350cd5dc596a5975be65dd5 NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 2 7 doc_id doc_id CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 2 8 : : : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 3 1 271822 271822 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 3 2 cord_uid cord_uid NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 3 3 : : : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 4 1 ohkki0ke ohkki0ke NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 5 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 5 2 use use NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 5 3 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 5 4 face face NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 5 5 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 5 6 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 5 7 public public JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 5 8 settings setting NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 5 9 has have VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 5 10 been be VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 5 11 widely widely RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 5 12 recommended recommend VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 5 13 by by IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 5 14 public public JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 5 15 health health NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 5 16 officials official NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 5 17 during during IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 5 18 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 5 19 current current JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 5 20 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 5 21 pandemic pandemic NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 5 22 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 2 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 3 help help VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 4 mitigate mitigate VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 5 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 6 risk risk NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 7 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 8 cross cross NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 9 - - NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 10 infection infection NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 11 via via IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 12 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 13 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 14 ; ; : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 15 however however RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 16 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 17 there there EX cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 18 are be VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 19 no no DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 20 specific specific JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 21 guidelines guideline NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 22 on on IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 23 mask mask NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 24 materials material NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 25 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 26 designs design NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 27 that that WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 28 are be VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 29 most most RBS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 30 effective effective JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 31 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 32 minimizing minimize VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 33 droplet droplet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 34 dispersal dispersal NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 6 35 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 1 While while IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 2 there there EX cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 3 have have VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 4 been be VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 5 prior prior JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 6 studies study NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 7 on on IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 8 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 9 performance performance NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 10 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 11 medical medical JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 12 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 13 grade grade NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 14 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 15 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 16 there there EX cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 17 are be VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 18 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 19 data datum NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 20 on on IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 21 cloth cloth NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 22 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 23 based base VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 24 coverings covering NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 25 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 26 which which WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 27 are be VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 28 being be VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 29 used use VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 30 by by IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 31 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 32 vast vast JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 33 majority majority NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 34 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 35 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 36 general general JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 37 public public NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 7 38 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 8 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 8 2 use use VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 8 3 qualitative qualitative JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 8 4 visualizations visualization NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 8 5 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 8 6 emulated emulate VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 8 7 coughs cough NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 8 8 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 8 9 sneezes sneeze VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 8 10 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 8 11 examine examine VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 9 1 how how WRB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 9 2 material- material- JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 9 3 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 9 4 design design NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 9 5 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 9 6 choices choice NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 9 7 impact impact VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 9 8 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 9 9 extent extent NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 9 10 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 9 11 which which WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 9 12 droplet droplet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 9 13 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 9 14 laden laden NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 9 15 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 9 16 jets jet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 9 17 are be VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 9 18 blocked block VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 9 19 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 10 1 Loosely loosely RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 10 2 folded fold VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 10 3 face face NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 10 4 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 10 5 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 10 6 bandana bandana NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 10 7 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 10 8 style style NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 10 9 coverings covering NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 10 10 provide provide VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 10 11 minimal minimal JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 10 12 stopping stopping NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 10 13 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 10 14 capability capability NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 10 15 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 10 16 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 10 17 smallest small JJS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 10 18 aerosolized aerosolized JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 10 19 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 10 20 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 10 21 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 1 Well well RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 2 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 3 fitted fit VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 4 homemade homemade JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 5 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 6 with with IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 7 multiple multiple JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 8 layers layer NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 9 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 10 quilting quilting NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 11 fabric fabric NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 12 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 13 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 14 off off IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 15 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 16 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 17 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 18 shelf shelf NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 19 cone cone NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 20 style style NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 21 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 22 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 23 proved prove VBD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 24 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 25 be be VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 26 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 27 most most RBS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 28 effective effective JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 29 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 30 reducing reduce VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 31 droplet droplet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 32 dispersal dispersal NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 11 33 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 1 These these DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 2 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 3 were be VBD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 4 able able JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 5 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 6 curtail curtail VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 7 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 8 speed speed NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 9 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 10 range range NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 11 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 12 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 13 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 14 jets jet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 15 significantly significantly RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 16 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 17 albeit albeit IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 18 with with IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 19 some some DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 20 leakage leakage NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 21 through through IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 22 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 23 mask mask NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 24 material material NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 25 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 26 from from IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 27 small small JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 28 gaps gap NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 29 along along IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 30 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 31 edges edge NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 12 32 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 13 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 13 2 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 13 3 uncovered uncover VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 13 4 emulated emulated JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 13 5 coughs cough NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 13 6 were be VBD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 13 7 able able JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 13 8 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 13 9 travel travel VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 13 10 notably notably RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 13 11 farther farther RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 13 12 than than IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 13 13 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 13 14 currently currently RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 13 15 recommended recommend VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 13 16 6-ft 6-ft JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 13 17 distancing distance VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 13 18 guideline guideline NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 13 19 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 2 outline outline VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 3 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 4 procedure procedure NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 5 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 6 setting set VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 7 up up RP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 8 simple simple JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 9 visualization visualization NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 10 experiments experiment NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 11 using use VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 12 easily easily RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 13 available available JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 14 materials material NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 15 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 16 which which WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 17 may may MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 18 help help VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 19 healthcare healthcare NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 20 professionals professional NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 21 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 22 medical medical JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 23 researchers researcher NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 24 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 25 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 26 manufacturers manufacturer NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 27 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 28 assessing assess VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 29 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 30 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 31 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 32 face face NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 33 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 34 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 35 other other JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 36 personal personal JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 37 protective protective JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 38 equipment equipment NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 39 qualitatively qualitatively RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 14 40 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 1 Infectious infectious JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 2 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 3 illnesses illness NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 4 can can MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 5 exact exact VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 6 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 7 heavy heavy JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 8 socioeconomic socioeconomic JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 9 toll toll NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 10 on on IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 11 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 12 most most RBS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 13 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 14 members member NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 15 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 16 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 17 society society NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 18 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 19 as as IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 20 has have VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 21 become become VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 22 evident evident JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 23 from from IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 24 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 25 current current JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 26 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 27 pandemic pandemic NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 15 28 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 1 1 1 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 2 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 3 2 2 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 4 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 5 disease disease NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 6 has have VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 7 overwhelmed overwhelm VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 8 healthcare healthcare NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 9 infrastructure infrastructure NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 10 worldwide worldwide RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 11 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 12 3 3 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 13 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 14 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 15 high high JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 16 contagion contagion NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 17 rate rate NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 18 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 19 relatively relatively RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 20 long long JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 21 incubation incubation NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 22 period period NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 23 4 4 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 24 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 25 5 5 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 26 have have VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 27 made make VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 28 it -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 29 difficult difficult JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 30 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 31 trace trace VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 32 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 33 isolate isolate VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 34 infected infected JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 35 individuals individual NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 16 36 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 1 Current current JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 2 estimates estimate NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 3 indicate indicate VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 4 that that IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 5 about about IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 6 35 35 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 7 % % NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 8 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 9 infected infected JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 10 individuals individual NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 11 do do VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 12 not not RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 13 display display VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 14 overt overt JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 15 symptoms symptom NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 16 6 6 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 17 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 18 may may MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 19 contribute contribute VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 20 to to IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 21 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 22 significant significant JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 23 spread spread NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 24 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 25 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 26 disease disease NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 27 without without IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 28 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 29 knowledge knowledge NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 17 30 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 1 In in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 2 an an DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 3 effort effort NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 4 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 5 contain contain VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 6 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 7 unabated unabated JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 8 community community NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 9 spread spread NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 10 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 11 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 12 disease disease NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 13 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 14 public public JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 15 health health NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 16 officials official NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 17 have have VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 18 recommended recommend VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 19 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 20 implementation implementation NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 21 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 22 various various JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 23 preventative preventative JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 24 measures measure NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 25 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 26 including include VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 27 social social NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 28 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 29 distancing distancing NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 30 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 31 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 32 use use NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 33 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 34 face face NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 35 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 36 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 37 public public JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 38 settings setting NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 18 39 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 19 1 7 7 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 2 rationale rationale NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 3 behind behind IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 4 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 5 recommendation recommendation NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 6 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 7 using use VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 8 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 9 or or CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 10 other other JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 11 face face NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 12 coverings covering NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 13 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 14 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 15 reduce reduce VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 16 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 17 risk risk NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 18 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 19 cross cross NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 20 - - NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 21 infection infection NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 22 via via IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 23 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 24 transmission transmission NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 25 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 26 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 27 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 28 from from IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 29 infected infect VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 30 to to IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 31 healthy healthy JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 32 individuals individual NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 20 33 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 21 1 8 8 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 21 2 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 21 3 9 9 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 2 pathogen pathogen NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 3 responsible responsible JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 4 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 5 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 6 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 7 found find VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 8 primarily primarily RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 9 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 10 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 11 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 12 that that WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 13 are be VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 14 expelled expel VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 15 by by IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 16 infected infected JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 17 individuals individual NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 18 during during IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 19 coughing cough VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 20 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 21 sneezing sneeze VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 22 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 23 or or CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 24 even even RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 25 talking talk VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 26 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 27 breathing breathe VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 22 28 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 23 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 23 2 10 10 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 23 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 23 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 23 5 11 11 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 23 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 23 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 23 8 12 12 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 23 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 23 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 23 11 13 13 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 23 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 24 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 24 2 14 14 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 24 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 25 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 25 2 15 15 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 25 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 1 Apart apart RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 2 from from IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 3 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 4 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 5 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 6 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 7 are be VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 8 also also RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 9 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 10 primary primary JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 11 means mean NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 12 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 13 transmission transmission NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 14 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 15 various various JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 16 other other JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 17 viral viral JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 18 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 19 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 20 illnesses illness NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 21 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 22 such such JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 23 as as IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 24 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 25 common common JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 26 cold cold NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 27 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 28 influenza influenza NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 29 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 30 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 31 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 32 SARS SARS NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 34 Severe severe JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 35 Acute acute JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 36 Respiratory Respiratory NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 37 Syndrome Syndrome NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 39 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 40 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 41 MERS MERS NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 43 Middle Middle NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 44 East East NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 45 Respiratory Respiratory NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 46 Syndrome Syndrome NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 48 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 49 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 50 name name VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 51 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 52 few few JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 26 53 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 27 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 27 2 16 16 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 27 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 27 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 27 5 17 17 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 27 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 27 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 27 8 18 18 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 27 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 28 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 28 2 19 19 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 28 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 1 These these DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 2 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 3 are be VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 4 enveloped envelop VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 5 within within IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 6 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 7 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 8 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 9 which which WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 10 may may MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 11 land land VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 12 on on IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 13 healthy healthy JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 14 individuals individual NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 15 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 16 result result VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 17 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 18 direct direct JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 19 transmission transmission NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 20 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 21 or or CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 22 on on IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 23 inanimate inanimate JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 24 objects object NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 25 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 26 which which WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 27 can can MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 28 lead lead VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 29 to to IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 30 infection infection NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 31 when when WRB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 32 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 33 healthy healthy JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 34 individual individual NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 35 comes come VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 36 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 37 contact contact NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 38 with with IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 39 them -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 29 40 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 30 1 10 10 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 30 2 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 30 3 18 18 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 30 4 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 30 5 20 20 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 30 6 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 30 7 21 21 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 1 In in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 2 another another DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 3 mode mode NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 4 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 5 transmission transmission NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 6 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 7 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 8 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 9 or or CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 10 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 11 evaporated evaporate VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 12 contents content NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 13 may may MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 14 remain remain VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 15 suspended suspend VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 16 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 17 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 18 air air NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 19 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 20 long long JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 21 periods period NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 22 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 23 time time NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 24 if if IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 25 they -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 26 are be VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 27 sufficiently sufficiently RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 28 small small JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 31 29 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 32 1 This this DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 32 2 can can MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 32 3 lead lead VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 32 4 to to IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 32 5 airborne airborne NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 33 1 Several several JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 33 2 studies study NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 33 3 have have VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 33 4 investigated investigate VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 33 5 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 33 6 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 33 7 produced produce VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 33 8 by by IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 33 9 both both CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 33 10 healthy healthy JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 33 11 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 33 12 infected infected JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 33 13 individuals individual NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 33 14 when when WRB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 33 15 performing perform VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 33 16 various various JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 33 17 activities activity NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 33 18 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 34 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 34 2 transport transport NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 34 3 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 34 4 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 34 5 these these DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 34 6 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 34 7 can can MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 34 8 vary vary VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 34 9 significantly significantly RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 34 10 depending depend VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 34 11 on on IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 34 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 34 13 diameter diameter NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 34 14 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 35 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 35 2 23 23 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 35 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 35 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 35 5 24 24 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 35 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 35 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 35 8 25 25 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 35 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 35 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 35 11 26 26 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 35 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 35 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 35 14 27 27 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 35 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 36 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 36 2 28 28 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 36 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 2 reported report VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 3 droplet droplet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 4 diameters diameter NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 5 vary vary VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 6 widely widely RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 7 among among IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 8 studies study NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 9 available available JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 10 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 11 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 12 literature literature NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 13 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 14 usually usually RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 15 lie lie VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 16 within within IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 17 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 18 range range NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 19 1 1 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 20 μm-500 μm-500 NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 21 μm μm NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 22 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 23 29 29 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 24 with with IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 25 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 26 mean mean JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 27 diameter diameter NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 28 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 29 ∼10 ∼10 NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 30 μm μm NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 37 31 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 38 1 30 30 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 39 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 39 2 larger large JJR cord-271822-ohkki0ke 39 3 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 39 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 39 5 diameter diameter NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 39 6 > > XX cord-271822-ohkki0ke 39 7 100 100 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 39 8 μm μm NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 39 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 39 10 are be VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 39 11 observed observe VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 39 12 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 39 13 follow follow VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 39 14 ballistic ballistic JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 39 15 trajectories trajectory NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 39 16 under under IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 39 17 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 39 18 effects effect NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 39 19 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 39 20 gravity gravity NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 39 21 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 39 22 aerodynamic aerodynamic JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 39 23 drag drag NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 39 24 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 40 1 20 20 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 40 2 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 40 3 31 31 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 40 4 Intermediate intermediate JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 40 5 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 40 6 sized sized JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 40 7 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 40 8 20,31,32 20,31,32 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 40 9 may may MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 40 10 get get VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 40 11 carried carry VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 40 12 over over IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 40 13 considerable considerable JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 40 14 distances distance NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 40 15 within within IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 40 16 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 40 17 multiphase multiphase JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 40 18 turbulent turbulent JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 40 19 cloud cloud NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 40 20 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 41 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 41 2 33 33 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 41 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 41 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 41 5 34 34 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 41 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 41 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 41 8 35 35 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 41 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 2 smallest small JJS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 3 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 4 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 5 particles particle NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 7 diameter diameter VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 8 < < XX cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 9 5 5 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 10 μm-10 μm-10 NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 11 μm μm NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 13 may may MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 14 remain remain VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 15 suspended suspend VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 16 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 17 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 18 air air NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 19 indefinitely indefinitely RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 20 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 21 until until IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 22 they -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 23 are be VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 24 carried carry VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 25 away away RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 26 by by IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 27 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 28 light light JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 29 breeze breeze NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 30 or or CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 31 ventilation ventilation NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 32 airflow airflow NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 42 33 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 1 20 20 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 2 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 3 32 32 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 4 After after IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 5 being be VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 6 expelled expel VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 7 into into IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 8 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 9 ambient ambient JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 10 environment environment NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 11 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 12 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 13 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 14 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 15 experience experience VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 16 varying vary VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 17 degrees degree NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 18 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 19 evaporation evaporation NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 20 depending depend VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 21 on on IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 23 size size NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 24 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 25 ambient ambient JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 26 humidity humidity NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 27 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 28 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 29 temperature temperature NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 43 30 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 2 smallest small JJS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 3 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 4 may may MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 5 undergo undergo VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 6 complete complete JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 7 evaporation evaporation NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 8 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 9 leaving leave VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 10 behind behind IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 11 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 12 dried dry VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 13 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 14 out out RP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 15 spherical spherical JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 16 mass mass NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 17 consisting consisting NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 18 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 19 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 20 particulate particulate NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 21 contents content NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 23 e.g. e.g. RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 24 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 25 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 27 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 28 which which WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 29 are be VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 30 referred refer VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 31 to to IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 32 as as IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 33 " " `` cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 34 droplet droplet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 35 nuclei nucleus NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 44 36 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 45 1 " " '' cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 1 36 36 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 2 These these DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 3 desiccated desiccated JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 4 nuclei nucleus NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 5 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 6 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 7 combination combination NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 8 with with IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 9 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 10 smallest small JJS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 11 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 12 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 13 are be VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 14 potent potent JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 15 transmission transmission NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 16 sources source NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 17 on on IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 18 account account NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 19 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 20 two two CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 21 factors factor NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 22 : : : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 24 1 1 LS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 26 they -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 27 can can MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 28 remain remain VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 29 suspended suspend VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 30 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 31 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 32 air air NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 33 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 34 hours hour NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 35 after after IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 36 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 37 infected infected JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 38 individual individual NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 39 has have VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 40 left leave VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 41 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 42 area area NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 43 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 44 potentially potentially RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 45 infecting infect VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 46 unsuspecting unsuspecting JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 47 individuals individual NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 48 who who WP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 49 come come VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 50 into into IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 51 contact contact NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 52 with with IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 53 them -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 54 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 56 2 2 LS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 58 they -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 59 can can MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 60 penetrate penetrate VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 61 deep deep RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 62 into into IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 63 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 64 airways airway NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 65 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 66 individuals individual NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 67 who who WP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 68 breathe breathe VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 69 them -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 70 in in RP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 71 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 72 which which WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 73 increases increase VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 74 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 75 likelihood likelihood NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 76 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 77 infection infection NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 78 even even RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 79 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 80 low low JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 81 pathogen pathogen NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 82 loads load NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 46 83 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 1 At at IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 2 present present NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 3 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 4 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 5 role role NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 6 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 7 droplet droplet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 8 nuclei nucleus NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 9 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 10 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 11 transmission transmission NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 12 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 13 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 14 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 15 not not RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 16 known know VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 17 with with IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 18 certainty certainty NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 19 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 20 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 21 matter matter NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 22 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 23 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 24 subject subject NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 25 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 26 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 27 studies study NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 47 28 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 48 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 48 2 37 37 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 48 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 48 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 48 5 38 38 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 48 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 49 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 49 2 39 39 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 49 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 1 In in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 2 addition addition NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 3 to to IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 4 generating generate VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 5 microscopic microscopic JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 6 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 7 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 8 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 9 action action NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 10 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 11 sneezing sneeze VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 12 can can MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 13 expel expel VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 14 sheet sheet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 15 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 16 like like JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 17 layers layer NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 18 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 19 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 20 fluids fluid NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 21 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 22 40 40 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 23 which which WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 24 may may MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 25 break break VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 26 apart apart RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 27 into into IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 28 smaller small JJR cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 29 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 30 through through IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 31 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 32 series series NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 33 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 34 instabilities instability NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 50 35 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 51 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 51 2 majority majority NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 51 3 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 51 4 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 51 5 fluid fluid NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 51 6 contained contain VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 51 7 within within IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 51 8 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 51 9 sheet sheet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 51 10 falls fall VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 51 11 to to IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 51 12 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 51 13 ground ground NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 51 14 quickly quickly RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 51 15 within within IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 51 16 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 51 17 short short JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 51 18 distance distance NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 51 19 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 52 1 Regardless regardless RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 52 2 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 52 3 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 52 4 size size NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 52 5 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 52 6 all all DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 52 7 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 52 8 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 52 9 nuclei nucleus NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 52 10 expelled expel VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 52 11 by by IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 52 12 infected infected JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 52 13 individuals individual NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 52 14 are be VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 52 15 potential potential JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 52 16 carriers carrier NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 52 17 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 52 18 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 52 19 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 1 Various various JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 2 studies study NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 3 have have VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 4 investigated investigate VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 5 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 6 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 7 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 8 medical medical JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 9 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 10 grade grade NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 11 face face NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 12 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 13 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 14 other other JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 15 personal personal JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 16 protective protective JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 17 equipment equipment NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 19 PPE PPE NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 21 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 22 reducing reduce VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 23 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 24 possibility possibility NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 25 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 26 cross cross NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 27 - - NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 28 infection infection NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 29 via via IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 30 these these DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 31 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 53 32 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 54 1 13 13 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 54 2 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 54 3 33 33 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 54 4 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 54 5 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 54 6 41 41 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 54 7 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 54 8 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 54 9 42 42 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 54 10 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 54 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 54 12 43 43 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 54 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 54 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 54 15 44 44 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 54 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 55 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 55 2 45 45 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 55 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 56 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 56 2 46 46 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 56 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 57 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 57 2 47 47 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 57 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 58 1 Notably notably RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 58 2 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 58 3 such such JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 58 4 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 58 5 barriers barrier NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 58 6 do do VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 58 7 not not RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 58 8 prove prove VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 58 9 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 58 10 be be VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 58 11 completely completely RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 58 12 effective effective JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 58 13 against against IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 58 14 extremely extremely RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 58 15 fine fine JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 58 16 aerosolized aerosolize VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 58 17 particles particle NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 58 18 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 58 19 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 58 20 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 58 21 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 58 22 nuclei nucleus NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 58 23 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 2 main main JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 3 issue issue NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 4 tends tend VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 5 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 6 be be VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 7 air air NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 8 leakage leakage NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 9 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 10 which which WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 11 can can MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 12 result result VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 13 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 14 aerosolized aerosolize VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 15 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 16 being be VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 17 dispersed disperse VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 18 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 19 suspended suspend VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 20 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 21 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 22 ambient ambient JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 23 environment environment NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 24 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 25 long long JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 26 periods period NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 27 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 28 time time NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 29 after after IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 30 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 31 coughing coughing NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 32 / / SYM cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 33 sneezing sneeze VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 34 event event NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 35 has have VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 36 occurred occur VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 59 37 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 1 A a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 2 few few JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 3 studies study NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 4 have have VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 5 considered consider VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 6 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 7 filtration filtration NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 8 efficiency efficiency NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 9 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 10 homemade homemade JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 11 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 12 made make VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 13 with with IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 14 different different JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 15 types type NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 16 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 17 fabric fabric NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 18 ; ; : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 19 48 48 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 20 - - SYM cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 21 51 51 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 22 however however RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 23 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 24 there there EX cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 25 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 26 no no DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 27 broad broad JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 28 consensus consensus NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 29 regarding regard VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 30 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 31 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 32 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 33 minimizing minimize VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 34 disease disease NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 35 transmission transmission NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 60 36 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 61 1 52 52 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 61 2 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 61 3 53 53 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 1 Nonetheless nonetheless RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 2 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 3 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 4 evidence evidence NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 5 suggests suggest VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 6 that that IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 7 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 8 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 9 other other JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 10 face face NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 11 coverings covering NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 12 are be VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 13 effective effective JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 14 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 15 stopping stop VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 16 larger large JJR cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 17 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 18 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 19 which which WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 20 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 21 although although IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 22 fewer few JJR cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 23 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 24 number number NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 25 compared compare VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 26 to to IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 27 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 28 smaller small JJR cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 29 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 30 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 31 nuclei nucleus NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 32 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 33 constitute constitute VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 34 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 35 large large JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 36 fraction fraction NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 37 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 38 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 39 total total JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 40 volume volume NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 41 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 42 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 43 ejected eject VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 44 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 45 fluid fluid NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 62 46 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 1 While while IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 2 detailed detailed JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 3 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 4 measurements measurement NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 5 are be VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 6 necessary necessary JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 7 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 8 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 9 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 10 characterization characterization NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 11 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 12 PPE PPE NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 13 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 14 qualitative qualitative JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 15 visualizations visualization NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 16 can can MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 17 be be VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 18 invaluable invaluable JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 19 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 20 rapid rapid JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 21 iteration iteration NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 22 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 23 early early JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 24 design design NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 25 stages stage NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 26 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 27 as as RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 28 well well RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 29 as as IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 30 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 31 demonstrating demonstrate VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 32 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 33 proper proper JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 34 use use NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 35 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 36 such such JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 37 equipment equipment NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 63 38 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 1 Thus thus RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 2 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 3 one one CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 4 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 5 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 6 aims aim NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 7 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 8 this this DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 9 Letter letter NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 10 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 11 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 12 describe describe VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 13 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 14 simple simple JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 15 setup setup NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 16 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 17 visualization visualization NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 18 experiments experiment NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 19 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 20 which which WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 21 can can MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 22 be be VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 23 assembled assemble VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 24 using use VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 25 easily easily RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 26 available available JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 27 materials material NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 64 28 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 1 Such such JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 2 setups setup NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 3 may may MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 4 be be VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 5 helpful helpful JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 6 to to IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 7 healthcare healthcare NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 8 professionals professional NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 9 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 10 medical medical JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 11 researchers researcher NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 12 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 13 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 14 industrial industrial JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 15 manufacturers manufacturer NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 16 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 17 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 18 assessing assess VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 19 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 20 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 21 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 22 face face NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 23 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 24 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 25 other other JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 26 protective protective JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 27 equipment equipment NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 28 qualitatively qualitatively RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 65 29 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 1 Testing testing NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 2 designs design NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 3 quickly quickly RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 4 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 5 early early RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 6 on on RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 7 can can MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 8 prove prove VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 9 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 10 be be VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 11 crucial crucial JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 12 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 13 especially especially RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 14 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 15 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 16 current current JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 17 pandemic pandemic NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 18 scenario scenario NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 19 where where WRB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 20 one one CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 21 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 22 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 23 central central JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 24 objectives objective NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 25 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 26 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 27 reduce reduce VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 28 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 29 severity severity NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 30 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 31 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 32 anticipated anticipated JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 33 resurgence resurgence NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 34 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 35 infections infection NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 36 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 37 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 38 upcoming upcoming JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 39 months month NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 66 40 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 67 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 67 2 visualization visualization NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 67 3 setup setup NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 67 4 used use VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 67 5 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 67 6 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 67 7 current current JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 67 8 study study NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 67 9 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 67 10 shown show VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 67 11 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 67 12 Fig Fig NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 67 13 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 1 1 1 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 2 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 3 consists consist VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 4 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 5 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 6 hollow hollow JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 7 manikin manikin NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 8 head head NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 9 which which WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 10 was be VBD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 11 padded pad VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 12 on on IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 13 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 14 inside inside NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 15 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 16 approximate approximate VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 17 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 18 internal internal JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 19 shape shape NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 20 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 21 volume volume NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 22 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 23 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 24 nasal nasal NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 25 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 26 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 27 buccal buccal JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 28 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 29 cavities cavity NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 30 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 31 an an DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 32 adult adult NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 68 33 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 69 1 In in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 69 2 case case NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 69 3 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 69 4 more more RBR cord-271822-ohkki0ke 69 5 realistic realistic JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 69 6 representation representation NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 69 7 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 69 8 required require VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 69 9 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 69 10 such such PDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 69 11 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 69 12 setup setup NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 69 13 could could MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 69 14 include include VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 69 15 3D 3D NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 69 16 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 69 17 printed print VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 69 18 or or CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 69 19 silicone silicone NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 69 20 models model NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 69 21 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 69 22 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 69 23 internal internal NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 69 24 airways airways NNPS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 69 25 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 70 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 70 2 manikin manikin NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 70 3 was be VBD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 70 4 mounted mount VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 70 5 at at IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 70 6 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 70 7 height height NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 70 8 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 70 9 ∼5 ∼5 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 70 10 ft ft NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 70 11 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 70 12 8 8 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 70 13 in in RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 70 14 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 71 1 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 71 2 emulate emulate VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 71 3 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 71 4 jets jet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 71 5 expelled expel VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 71 6 by by IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 71 7 an an DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 71 8 average average JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 71 9 human human JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 71 10 male male NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 71 11 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 72 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 72 2 circular circular JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 72 3 opening opening NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 72 4 representing represent VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 72 5 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 72 6 mouth mouth NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 72 7 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 72 8 0.75 0.75 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 72 9 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 72 10 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 73 1 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 73 2 diameter diameter NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 73 3 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 74 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 74 2 pressure pressure NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 74 3 impulse impulse NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 74 4 that that WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 74 5 emulates emulate VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 74 6 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 74 7 cough cough NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 74 8 or or CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 74 9 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 74 10 sneeze sneeze NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 74 11 may may MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 74 12 be be VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 74 13 delivered deliver VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 74 14 via via IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 74 15 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 74 16 manual manual JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 74 17 pump pump NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 74 18 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 74 19 as as IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 74 20 shown show VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 74 21 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 74 22 Fig Fig NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 74 23 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 75 1 1 1 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 75 2 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 75 3 or or CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 75 4 via via IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 75 5 other other JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 75 6 sources source NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 75 7 such such JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 75 8 as as IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 75 9 an an DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 75 10 air air NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 75 11 compressor compressor NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 75 12 or or CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 75 13 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 75 14 pressurized pressurize VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 75 15 air air NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 75 16 canister canister NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 75 17 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 76 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 76 2 air air NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 76 3 capacity capacity NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 76 4 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 76 5 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 76 6 pump pump NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 76 7 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 76 8 500 500 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 76 9 ml ml NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 76 10 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 76 11 which which WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 76 12 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 76 13 comparable comparable JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 76 14 to to IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 76 15 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 76 16 lower low JJR cord-271822-ohkki0ke 76 17 end end NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 76 18 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 76 19 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 76 20 total total JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 76 21 volume volume NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 76 22 expelled expel VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 76 23 during during IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 76 24 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 76 25 cough cough NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 76 26 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 77 1 54 54 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 78 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 78 2 note note VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 78 3 that that IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 78 4 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 78 5 setup setup NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 78 6 here here RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 78 7 emulates emulate VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 78 8 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 78 9 simplified simplified JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 78 10 representation representation NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 78 11 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 78 12 an an DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 78 13 actual actual JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 78 14 cough cough NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 78 15 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 78 16 which which WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 78 17 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 78 18 an an DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 78 19 extremely extremely RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 78 20 complex complex JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 78 21 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 78 22 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 78 23 problem problem NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 78 24 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 79 1 55 55 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 2 use use VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 3 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 4 recreational recreational JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 5 fog fog NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 6 / / SYM cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 7 smoke smoke NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 8 machine machine NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 9 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 10 generate generate VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 11 tracer tracer NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 12 particles particle NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 13 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 14 visualizing visualize VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 15 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 16 expelled expel VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 17 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 18 jets jet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 19 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 20 using use VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 21 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 22 liquid liquid JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 23 mixture mixture NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 24 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 25 distilled distilled JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 26 water water NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 28 4 4 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 29 parts part NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 31 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 32 glycerin glycerin NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 34 1 1 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 35 part part NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 80 37 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 81 1 Both both DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 81 2 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 81 3 pressure pressure NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 81 4 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 81 5 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 81 6 smoke smoke NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 81 7 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 81 8 sources source NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 81 9 were be VBD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 81 10 connected connect VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 81 11 to to IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 81 12 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 81 13 manikin manikin NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 81 14 using use VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 81 15 clear clear JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 81 16 vinyl vinyl NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 81 17 tubing tubing NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 81 18 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 81 19 NPT npt NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 81 20 fittings fitting NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 81 21 wherever wherever WRB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 81 22 necessary necessary JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 81 23 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 82 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 82 2 resulting result VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 82 3 " " `` cord-271822-ohkki0ke 82 4 fog fog NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 82 5 " " '' cord-271822-ohkki0ke 82 6 or or CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 82 7 " " `` cord-271822-ohkki0ke 82 8 smoke smoke NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 82 9 " " '' cord-271822-ohkki0ke 82 10 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 82 11 visible visible JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 82 12 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 82 13 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 82 14 right right JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 82 15 panel panel NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 82 16 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 82 17 Fig Fig NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 82 18 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 83 1 1 1 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 83 2 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 83 3 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 83 4 composed compose VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 83 5 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 83 6 microscopic microscopic JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 83 7 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 83 8 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 83 9 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 83 10 vaporized vaporize VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 83 11 liquid liquid NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 83 12 mixture mixture NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 83 13 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 84 1 These these DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 84 2 are be VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 84 3 comparable comparable JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 84 4 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 84 5 size size NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 84 6 to to IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 84 7 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 84 8 smallest small JJS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 84 9 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 84 10 expelled expel VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 84 11 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 84 12 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 84 13 cough cough NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 84 14 jet jet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 84 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 84 16 ∼1 ∼1 NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 85 1 μm-10 μm-10 NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 85 2 μm μm NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 85 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 85 4 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 2 estimate estimate VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 3 that that IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 4 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 5 fog fog NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 6 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 7 are be VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 8 less less JJR cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 9 than than IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 10 10 10 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 11 μm μm NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 12 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 13 diameter diameter NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 14 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 15 based base VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 16 on on IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 17 Stokes Stokes NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 18 ' ' POS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 19 law law NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 20 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 21 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 22 observation observation NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 23 that that IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 24 they -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 25 could could MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 26 remain remain VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 27 suspended suspend VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 28 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 29 up up IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 30 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 31 3 3 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 32 min min NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 33 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 34 completely completely RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 35 still still RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 36 air air NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 37 with with IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 38 no no DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 39 perceptible perceptible JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 40 settling settling NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 86 41 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 87 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 87 2 laser laser NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 87 3 source source NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 87 4 used use VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 87 5 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 87 6 generate generate VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 87 7 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 87 8 visualization visualization NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 87 9 sheet sheet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 87 10 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 87 11 an an DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 87 12 off off IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 87 13 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 87 14 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 87 15 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 87 16 shelf shelf NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 87 17 5 5 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 87 18 mW mw CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 87 19 green green JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 87 20 laser laser NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 87 21 pointer pointer NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 87 22 with with IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 87 23 532 532 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 87 24 nm nm CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 87 25 wavelength wavelength NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 87 26 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 88 1 A a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 88 2 plane plane NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 88 3 vertical vertical JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 88 4 sheet sheet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 88 5 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 88 6 created create VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 88 7 by by IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 88 8 passing pass VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 88 9 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 88 10 laser laser NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 88 11 beam beam NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 88 12 We -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 88 13 first first RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 88 14 present present JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 88 15 visualization visualization NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 88 16 results result NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 88 17 from from IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 88 18 an an DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 88 19 emulation emulation NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 88 20 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 88 21 an an DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 88 22 uncovered uncovered JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 88 23 heavy heavy JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 88 24 cough cough NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 88 25 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 89 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 89 2 spatial spatial JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 89 3 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 89 4 temporal temporal JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 89 5 evolution evolution NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 89 6 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 89 7 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 89 8 resulting result VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 89 9 jet jet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 89 10 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 89 11 shown show VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 89 12 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 89 13 Fig Fig NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 89 14 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 90 1 2 2 LS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 90 2 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 91 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 91 2 aerosolized aerosolize VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 91 3 microscopic microscopic JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 91 4 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 91 5 visible visible JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 91 6 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 91 7 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 91 8 laser laser NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 91 9 sheet sheet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 91 10 act act NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 91 11 as as IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 91 12 tracer tracer NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 91 13 particles particle NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 91 14 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 91 15 revealing reveal VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 91 16 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 91 17 twodimensional twodimensional NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 91 18 cross cross NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 91 19 section section NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 91 20 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 91 21 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 91 22 conical conical JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 91 23 turbulent turbulent JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 91 24 jet jet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 91 25 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 92 1 These these DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 92 2 tracers tracer NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 92 3 depict depict VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 92 4 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 92 5 fate fate NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 92 6 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 92 7 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 92 8 smallest small JJS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 92 9 ejected eject VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 92 10 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 92 11 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 92 12 any any DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 92 13 resulting result VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 92 14 nuclei nucleus NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 92 15 that that WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 92 16 may may MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 92 17 form form VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 92 18 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 2 observed observe VBD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 3 high high JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 4 variability variability NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 5 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 6 droplet droplet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 7 dispersal dispersal NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 8 patterns pattern NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 9 from from IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 10 one one CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 11 experimental experimental JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 12 run run NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 13 to to IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 14 another another DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 15 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 16 which which WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 17 was be VBD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 18 caused cause VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 19 by by IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 20 otherwise otherwise RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 21 imperceptible imperceptible JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 22 changes change NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 23 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 24 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 25 ambient ambient JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 26 airflow airflow NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 93 27 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 94 1 This this DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 94 2 highlights highlight VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 94 3 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 94 4 importance importance NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 94 5 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 94 6 designing design VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 94 7 ventilation ventilation NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 94 8 systems system NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 94 9 that that WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 94 10 specifically specifically RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 94 11 aim aim VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 94 12 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 94 13 minimize minimize VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 94 14 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 94 15 possibility possibility NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 94 16 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 94 17 cross cross NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 94 18 - - NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 94 19 infection infection NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 94 20 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 94 21 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 94 22 confined confine VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 94 23 setting setting NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 94 24 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 95 1 23 23 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 95 2 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 95 3 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 95 4 56 56 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 95 5 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 95 6 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 95 7 57 57 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 95 8 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 95 9 [ [ -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 95 10 58 58 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 95 11 ] ] -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 1 Despite despite IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 2 high high JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 3 variability variability NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 4 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 6 consistently consistently RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 7 observed observe VBD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 8 jets jet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 9 that that WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 10 traveled travel VBD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 11 farther far RBR cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 12 than than IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 13 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 14 6-ft 6-ft JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 15 minimum minimum JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 16 distance distance NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 17 proposed propose VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 18 by by IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 19 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 20 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 21 Centers Centers NNPS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 22 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 23 Disease Disease NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 24 Control Control NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 25 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 26 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 28 CDC CDC NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 29 's 's POS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 96 31 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 97 1 7 7 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 98 1 In in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 98 2 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 98 3 images image NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 98 4 shown show VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 98 5 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 98 6 Fig Fig NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 98 7 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 99 1 2 2 LS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 99 2 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 99 3 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 99 4 ejected eject VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 99 5 tracers tracer NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 99 6 were be VBD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 99 7 observed observe VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 99 8 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 99 9 travel travel VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 99 10 up up IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 99 11 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 99 12 12 12 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 99 13 ft ft NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 99 14 within within IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 99 15 ∼50 ∼50 NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 99 16 s. s. NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 100 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 100 2 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 100 3 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 100 4 tracer tracer NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 100 5 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 100 6 remained remain VBD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 100 7 suspended suspend VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 100 8 midair midair NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 100 9 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 100 10 up up IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 100 11 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 100 12 3 3 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 100 13 min min NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 100 14 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 100 15 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 100 16 quiescent quiescent JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 100 17 environment environment NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 100 18 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 1 These these DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 2 observations observation NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 3 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 4 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 5 combination combination NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 6 with with IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 7 other other JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 8 recent recent JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 9 studies study NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 10 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 11 35 35 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 12 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 13 59 59 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 14 suggest suggest VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 15 that that IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 16 current current JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 17 social social JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 18 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 19 distancing distance VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 20 guidelines guideline NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 21 may may MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 22 need need VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 23 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 24 be be VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 25 updated update VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 26 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 27 account account VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 28 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 29 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 30 aerosol aerosol NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 31 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 32 based base VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 33 transmission transmission NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 34 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 35 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 101 36 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 2 note note VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 3 that that IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 4 although although IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 5 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 6 unobstructed unobstructed JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 7 turbulent turbulent JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 8 jets jet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 9 were be VBD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 10 observed observe VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 11 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 12 travel travel VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 13 up up IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 14 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 15 12 12 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 16 ft ft NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 17 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 18 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 19 large large JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 20 majority majority NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 21 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 22 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 23 ejected eject VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 24 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 25 will will MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 26 fall fall VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 27 to to IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 28 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 29 ground ground NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 30 by by IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 31 this this DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 32 point point NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 102 33 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 103 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 103 2 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 103 3 both both CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 103 4 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 103 5 number number NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 103 6 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 103 7 concentration concentration NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 103 8 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 103 9 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 103 10 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 103 11 will will MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 103 12 decrease decrease VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 103 13 with with IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 103 14 increasing increase VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 103 15 distance distance NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 103 16 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 103 17 59 59 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 103 18 which which WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 103 19 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 103 20 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 103 21 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 103 22 rationale rationale NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 103 23 behind behind IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 103 24 socialdistancing socialdistance VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 103 25 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 104 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 104 2 now now RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 104 3 discuss discuss VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 104 4 dispersal dispersal NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 104 5 patterns pattern NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 104 6 observed observe VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 104 7 when when WRB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 104 8 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 104 9 mouth mouth NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 104 10 opening opening NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 104 11 was be VBD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 104 12 blocked block VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 104 13 using use VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 104 14 three three CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 104 15 different different JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 104 16 types type NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 104 17 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 104 18 face face NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 104 19 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 104 20 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 1 For for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 2 these these DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 3 results result NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 4 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 6 focus focus VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 7 on on IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 8 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 9 that that WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 10 are be VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 11 readily readily RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 12 accessible accessible JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 13 to to IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 14 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 15 general general JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 16 public public NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 17 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 18 which which WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 19 do do VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 20 not not RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 21 draw draw VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 22 away away RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 23 from from IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 24 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 25 supply supply NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 26 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 27 medical medical JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 28 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 29 grade grade NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 30 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 31 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 32 respirators respirator NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 33 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 34 healthcare healthcare NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 35 workers worker NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 105 36 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 106 1 Figure figure NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 106 2 3 3 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 106 3 shows show VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 106 4 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 106 5 impact impact NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 106 6 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 106 7 using use VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 106 8 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 106 9 folded fold VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 106 10 cotton cotton NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 106 11 handkerchief handkerchief NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 106 12 mask mask NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 106 13 on on IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 106 14 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 106 15 expelled expel VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 106 16 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 106 17 jet jet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 106 18 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 107 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 107 2 folded folded JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 107 3 mask mask NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 107 4 was be VBD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 107 5 constructed construct VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 107 6 by by IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 107 7 following follow VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 107 8 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 107 9 instructions instruction NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 107 10 recommended recommend VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 107 11 by by IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 107 12 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 107 13 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 107 14 Surgeon Surgeon NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 107 15 General General NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 107 16 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 108 1 60 60 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 2 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 3 evident evident JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 4 that that IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 5 while while IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 6 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 7 forward forward JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 8 motion motion NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 9 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 10 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 11 jet jet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 12 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 13 impeded impede VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 14 significantly significantly RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 15 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 16 there there EX cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 17 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 18 notable notable JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 19 leakage leakage NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 20 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 21 tracer tracer NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 22 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 23 through through IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 24 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 25 mask mask NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 26 material material NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 109 27 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 2 also also RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 3 observe observe VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 4 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 5 small small JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 6 amount amount NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 7 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 8 tracers tracer NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 9 escaping escape VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 10 from from IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 11 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 12 top top JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 13 edge edge NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 14 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 15 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 16 mask mask NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 17 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 18 where where WRB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 19 gaps gap NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 20 exist exist VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 21 between between IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 22 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 23 nose nose NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 24 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 25 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 26 cloth cloth NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 27 material material NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 110 28 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 111 1 These these DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 111 2 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 111 3 remained remain VBD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 111 4 suspended suspend VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 111 5 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 111 6 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 111 7 air air NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 111 8 until until IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 111 9 they -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 111 10 were be VBD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 111 11 dispersed disperse VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 111 12 by by IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 111 13 ambient ambient JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 111 14 disturbances disturbance NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 111 15 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 1 In in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 2 addition addition NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 3 to to IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 4 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 5 folded fold VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 6 handkerchief handkerchief NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 7 mask mask NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 8 discussed discuss VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 9 here here RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 10 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 12 tested test VBD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 13 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 14 single single JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 15 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 16 layer layer NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 17 bandana bandana NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 18 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 19 style style NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 20 covering covering NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 22 not not RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 23 shown show VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 25 which which WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 26 proved prove VBD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 27 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 28 be be VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 29 substantially substantially RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 30 less less RBR cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 31 effective effective JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 32 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 33 stopping stop VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 34 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 35 jet jet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 36 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 37 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 38 tracer tracer NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 39 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 112 40 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 113 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 113 2 now now RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 113 3 examine examine VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 113 4 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 113 5 homemade homemade JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 113 6 mask mask NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 113 7 that that WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 113 8 was be VBD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 113 9 stitched stitch VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 113 10 using use VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 113 11 two two CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 113 12 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 113 13 layers layer NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 113 14 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 113 15 cotton cotton NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 113 16 quilting quilting NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 113 17 fabric fabric NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 113 18 consisting consist VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 113 19 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 113 20 70 70 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 113 21 threads thread NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 113 22 / / , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 113 23 in in RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 113 24 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 114 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 114 2 mask mask NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 114 3 's 's POS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 114 4 impact impact NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 114 5 on on IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 114 6 droplet droplet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 114 7 dispersal dispersal NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 114 8 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 114 9 shown show VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 114 10 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 114 11 Fig Fig NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 114 12 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 115 1 4 4 LS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 115 2 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 116 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 116 2 observe observe VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 116 3 that that IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 116 4 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 116 5 mask mask NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 116 6 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 116 7 able able JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 116 8 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 116 9 arrest arrest VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 116 10 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 116 11 forward forward JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 116 12 motion motion NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 116 13 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 116 14 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 116 15 tracer tracer NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 116 16 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 116 17 almost almost RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 116 18 completely completely RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 116 19 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 1 There there EX cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 2 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 3 minimal minimal JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 4 forward forward JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 5 leakage leakage NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 6 through through IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 7 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 8 material material NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 9 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 10 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 11 most most JJS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 12 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 13 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 14 tracer tracer NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 15 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 16 escape escape NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 17 happens happen VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 18 from from IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 19 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 20 gap gap NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 21 between between IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 22 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 23 nose nose NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 24 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 25 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 26 mask mask NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 27 along along IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 28 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 29 top top JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 30 edge edge NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 117 31 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 118 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 118 2 forward forward JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 118 3 distance distance NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 118 4 covered cover VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 118 5 by by IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 118 6 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 118 7 leaked leak VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 118 8 jet jet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 118 9 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 118 10 less less JJR cord-271822-ohkki0ke 118 11 than than IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 118 12 3 3 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 118 13 in in RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 118 14 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 119 1 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 119 2 this this DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 119 3 case case NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 119 4 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 120 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 120 2 final final JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 120 3 mask mask NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 120 4 design design NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 120 5 that that WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 120 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 120 7 tested test VBD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 120 8 was be VBD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 120 9 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 120 10 non non JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 120 11 - - JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 120 12 sterile sterile JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 120 13 conestyle conestyle NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 120 14 mask mask NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 120 15 that that WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 120 16 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 120 17 available available JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 120 18 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 120 19 most most JJS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 120 20 pharmacies pharmacy NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 120 21 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 121 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 121 2 corresponding corresponding JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 121 3 droplet droplet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 121 4 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 121 5 dispersal dispersal NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 121 6 visualizations visualization NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 121 7 are be VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 121 8 shown show VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 121 9 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 121 10 Fig Fig NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 121 11 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 122 1 5 5 LS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 122 2 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 122 3 which which WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 122 4 indicate indicate VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 122 5 that that IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 122 6 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 122 7 flow flow NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 122 8 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 122 9 impeded impede VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 122 10 significantly significantly RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 122 11 compared compare VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 122 12 to to IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 122 13 Figs fig NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 122 14 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 123 1 2 2 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 123 2 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 123 3 3 3 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 123 4 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 124 1 However however RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 124 2 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 124 3 there there EX cord-271822-ohkki0ke 124 4 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 124 5 noticeable noticeable JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 124 6 leakage leakage NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 124 7 from from IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 124 8 gaps gap NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 124 9 along along IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 124 10 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 124 11 top top JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 124 12 edge edge NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 124 13 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 125 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 125 2 forward forward JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 125 3 distance distance NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 125 4 covered cover VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 125 5 by by IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 125 6 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 125 7 leaked leak VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 125 8 jet jet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 125 9 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 125 10 ∼6 ∼6 ADD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 125 11 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 125 12 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 126 1 from from IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 126 2 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 126 3 mouth mouth NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 126 4 opening opening NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 126 5 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 126 6 which which WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 126 7 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 126 8 farther farth JJR cord-271822-ohkki0ke 126 9 than than IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 126 10 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 126 11 distance distance NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 126 12 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 126 13 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 126 14 stitched stitch VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 126 15 mask mask NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 126 16 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 126 17 Fig Fig NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 126 18 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 127 1 4 4 LS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 127 2 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 128 1 A a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 128 2 summary summary NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 128 3 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 128 4 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 128 5 various various JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 128 6 scenarios scenario NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 128 7 examined examine VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 128 8 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 128 9 this this DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 128 10 study study NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 128 11 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 128 12 provided provide VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 128 13 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 128 14 Table table NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 129 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 129 2 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 129 3 along along IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 129 4 with with IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 129 5 details detail NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 129 6 about about IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 129 7 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 129 8 mask mask NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 129 9 material material NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 129 10 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 129 11 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 129 12 average average JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 129 13 distances distance NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 129 14 traveled travel VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 129 15 by by IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 129 16 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 129 17 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 129 18 jets jet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 129 19 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 2 observe observe VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 3 that that IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 4 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 5 single single JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 6 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 7 layer layer NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 8 bandana bandana NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 9 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 10 style style NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 11 covering covering NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 12 can can MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 13 reduce reduce VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 14 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 15 range range NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 16 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 17 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 18 expelled expel VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 19 jet jet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 20 to to IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 21 some some DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 22 extent extent NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 23 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 24 compared compare VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 25 to to IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 26 an an DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 27 uncovered uncovered JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 28 cough cough NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 130 29 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 131 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 131 2 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 131 3 both both CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 131 4 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 131 5 material material NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 131 6 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 131 7 construction construction NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 131 8 techniques technique NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 131 9 have have VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 131 10 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 131 11 notable notable JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 131 12 impact impact NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 131 13 on on IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 131 14 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 131 15 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 131 16 ' ' POS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 131 17 stopping stopping NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 131 18 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 131 19 capability capability NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 131 20 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 2 stitched stitch VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 3 mask mask NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 4 made make VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 5 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 6 quilting quilt VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 7 cotton cotton NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 8 was be VBD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 9 observed observe VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 10 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 11 be be VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 12 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 13 most most RBS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 14 effective effective JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 15 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 16 followed follow VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 17 by by IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 18 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 19 commercial commercial JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 20 mask mask NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 21 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 22 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 23 folded fold VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 24 handkerchief handkerchief NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 25 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 26 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 27 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 28 finally finally RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 29 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 30 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 31 bandana bandana NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 132 32 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 2 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 4 observations observation NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 5 suggest suggest VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 6 that that IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 7 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 8 higher high JJR cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 9 thread thread NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 10 count count NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 11 by by IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 12 itself -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 13 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 14 not not RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 15 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 16 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 17 guarantee guarantee VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 18 better well JJR cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 19 stoppingcapability stoppingcapability NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 20 ; ; : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 21 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 22 bandana bandana NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 23 covering covering NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 24 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 25 which which WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 26 has have VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 27 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 28 highest high JJS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 29 thread thread NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 30 count count NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 31 among among IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 32 all all PDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 33 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 34 cloth cloth NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 35 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 36 tested test VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 37 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 38 turned turn VBD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 39 out out RP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 40 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 41 be be VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 42 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 43 least least JJS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 44 effective effective JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 133 45 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 2 note note VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 3 that that IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 5 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 6 likely likely JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 7 that that IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 8 healthcare healthcare NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 9 professionals professional NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 10 trained train VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 11 properly properly RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 12 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 13 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 14 use use NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 15 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 16 high high JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 17 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 18 quality quality NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 19 fitted fit VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 20 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 21 will will MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 22 not not RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 23 experience experience VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 24 leakage leakage NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 25 to to IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 26 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 27 extent extent NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 28 that that WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 29 we -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 30 have have VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 31 observed observe VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 32 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 33 this this DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 34 study study NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 134 35 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 135 1 However however RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 135 2 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 135 3 leakage leakage NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 135 4 remains remain VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 135 5 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 135 6 likely likely JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 135 7 issue issue NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 135 8 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 135 9 members member NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 135 10 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 135 11 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 135 12 general general JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 135 13 public public NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 135 14 who who WP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 135 15 often often RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 135 16 rely rely VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 135 17 on on IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 135 18 loose loose RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 135 19 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 135 20 fitting fit VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 135 21 homemade homemade JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 135 22 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 135 23 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 136 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 136 2 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 136 3 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 136 4 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 136 5 may may MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 136 6 get get VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 136 7 saturated saturate VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 136 8 after after IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 136 9 prolonged prolong VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 136 10 use use NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 136 11 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 136 12 which which WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 136 13 might may MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 136 14 also also RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 136 15 influence influence VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 136 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 136 17 filtration filtration NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 136 18 capability capability NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 136 19 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 2 reiterate reiterate VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 3 that that IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 4 although although IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 5 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 6 non non JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 7 - - JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 8 medical medical JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 9 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 10 tested test VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 11 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 12 this this DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 13 study study NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 14 experienced experience VBD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 15 varying vary VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 16 degrees degree NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 17 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 18 flow flow NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 19 leakage leakage NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 20 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 21 they -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 22 are be VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 23 likely likely JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 24 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 25 be be VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 26 effective effective JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 27 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 28 stopping stop VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 29 larger large JJR cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 30 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 31 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 137 32 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 1 In in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 2 addition addition NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 3 to to IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 4 providing provide VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 5 an an DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 6 initial initial JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 7 indication indication NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 8 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 9 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 10 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 11 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 12 protective protective JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 13 equipment equipment NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 14 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 15 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 16 visuals visual NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 17 used use VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 18 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 19 this this DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 20 study study NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 21 can can MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 22 help help VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 23 convey convey VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 24 to to IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 25 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 26 general general JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 27 public public NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 28 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 29 rationale rationale NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 30 behind behind IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 31 social social JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 32 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 33 distancing distance VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 34 guidelines guideline NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 35 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 36 recommendations recommendation NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 37 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 38 using use VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 39 face face NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 40 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 138 41 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 139 1 Promoting promote VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 139 2 widespread widespread JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 139 3 awareness awareness NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 139 4 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 139 5 effective effective JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 139 6 preventative preventative JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 139 7 measures measure NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 139 8 is be VBZ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 139 9 crucial crucial JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 139 10 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 139 11 given give VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 139 12 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 139 13 high high JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 139 14 likelihood likelihood NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 139 15 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 139 16 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 139 17 resurgence resurgence NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 139 18 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 139 19 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 139 20 infections infection NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 139 21 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 139 22 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 139 23 fall fall NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 139 24 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 139 25 winter winter NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 139 26 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 140 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 140 2 data datum NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 140 3 that that WDT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 140 4 support support VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 140 5 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 140 6 findings finding NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 140 7 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 140 8 this this DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 140 9 study study NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 140 10 are be VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 140 11 available available JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 140 12 within within IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 140 13 this this DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 140 14 article article NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 140 15 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 1 A a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 2 UN UN NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 3 framework framework NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 4 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 5 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 6 immediate immediate JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 7 socio socio JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 8 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 9 economic economic JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 10 response response NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 11 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 12 COVID-19 covid-19 VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 13 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 14 socio socio JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 15 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 16 economic economic JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 17 implications implication NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 18 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 19 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 20 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 21 pandemic pandemic NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 23 COVID-19 covid-19 VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 25 : : : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 26 A a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 27 review review NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 28 Fair fair JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 29 allocation allocation NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 30 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 31 scarce scarce JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 32 medical medical JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 33 resources resource NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 34 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 35 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 36 time time NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 37 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 38 covid-19 covid-19 NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 39 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 40 incubation incubation NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 41 period period NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 42 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 43 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 44 disease disease NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 45 2019 2019 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 47 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 49 from from IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 50 publicly publicly RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 51 reported report VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 52 confirmed confirm VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 53 cases case NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 54 : : : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 55 Estimation estimation NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 56 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 57 application application VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 58 Temporal temporal JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 59 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 60 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 61 viral viral JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 62 shedding shedding NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 63 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 64 transmissibility transmissibility NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 65 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 66 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 67 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 68 pandemic pandemic NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 69 planning planning NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 141 70 scenarios scenario NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 142 1 Social social JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 142 2 distancing distancing NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 142 3 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 142 4 quarantine quarantine NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 142 5 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 142 6 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 142 7 isolation isolation NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 142 8 Face face NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 142 9 mask mask NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 142 10 use use NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 142 11 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 142 12 control control NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 142 13 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 142 14 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 142 15 virus virus NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 142 16 transmission transmission NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 142 17 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 142 18 households household NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 1 A a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 2 rapid rapid JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 3 systematic systematic JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 4 review review NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 5 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 6 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 7 efficacy efficacy NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 8 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 9 face face NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 10 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 11 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 12 respirators respirator NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 13 against against IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 14 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 15 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 16 other other JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 17 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 18 transmissible transmissible JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 19 viruses virus NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 20 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 21 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 22 community community NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 23 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 24 healthcare healthcare NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 25 workers worker NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 26 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 27 sick sick JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 28 patients patient NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 29 Droplet Droplet NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 30 fate fate NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 31 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 32 indoor indoor JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 33 environments environment NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 34 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 35 or or CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 36 can can MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 37 we -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 38 prevent prevent VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 39 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 40 spread spread NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 41 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 42 infection infection NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 143 43 ? ? . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 1 Exhalation exhalation NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 2 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 3 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 4 viruses virus NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 5 by by IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 6 breathing breathing NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 7 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 8 coughing cough VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 9 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 10 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 11 talking talk VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 12 Size size NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 13 distribution distribution NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 14 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 15 sites site NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 16 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 17 origin origin NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 18 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 19 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 20 expelled expel VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 21 from from IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 22 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 23 human human JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 24 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 25 tract tract NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 26 during during IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 27 expiratory expiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 28 activities activity NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 29 Simplified simplify VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 30 models model NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 31 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 32 exhaled exhale VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 33 airflow airflow NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 34 from from IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 35 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 36 cough cough NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 37 with with IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 38 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 39 mouth mouth NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 40 covered cover VBD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 41 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 42 airborne airborne JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 43 lifetime lifetime NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 44 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 45 small small JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 46 speech speech NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 47 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 48 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 49 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 50 potential potential JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 51 importance importance NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 52 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 53 SARS SARS NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 54 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 55 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 56 transmission transmission NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 57 Airborne airborne JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 58 or or CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 59 droplet droplet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 60 precautions precaution NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 61 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 62 health health NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 63 workers worker NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 64 treating treat VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 65 COVID-19 covid-19 VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 144 66 ? ? . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 1 Transmission transmission NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 2 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 3 control control NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 4 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 5 rhinovirus rhinovirus JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 6 colds cold NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 7 Core Core NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 8 curriculum curriculum NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 9 on on IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 10 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 11 : : : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 12 What what WP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 13 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 14 clinician clinician NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 15 should should MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 16 know know VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 17 Transmission transmission NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 18 routes route NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 19 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 20 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 21 viruses virus NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 22 among among IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 23 humans human NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 24 Recognition Recognition NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 25 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 26 aerosol aerosol NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 27 transmission transmission NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 28 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 29 infectious infectious JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 30 agents agent NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 145 31 : : : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 1 A a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 2 commentary commentary NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 3 Review Review NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 4 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 5 aerosol aerosol NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 6 transmission transmission NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 7 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 8 influenza influenza NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 9 A a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 10 virus virus NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 11 Aerobiology Aerobiology NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 12 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 13 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 14 role role NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 15 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 16 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 17 transmission transmission NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 18 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 19 infectious infectious JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 20 diseases disease NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 21 Observing observe VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 22 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 23 quantifying quantify VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 24 airflows airflow NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 25 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 26 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 27 infection infection NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 28 control control NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 29 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 30 aerosoland aerosoland NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 31 airborne airborne RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 32 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 33 transmitted transmit VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 34 diseases disease NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 146 35 : : : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 1 An an DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 2 overview overview NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 3 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 4 approaches approach NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 5 Factors factor NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 6 involved involve VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 7 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 8 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 9 aerosol aerosol NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 10 transmission transmission NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 11 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 12 infection infection NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 13 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 14 control control NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 15 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 16 ventilation ventilation NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 17 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 18 healthcare healthcare NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 19 premises premise NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 20 Study Study NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 21 on on IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 22 transport transport NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 23 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 24 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 25 saliva saliva NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 26 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 27 produced produce VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 28 by by IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 29 coughing cough VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 30 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 31 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 32 calm calm JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 33 indoor indoor JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 34 environment environment NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 35 How how WRB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 36 far far RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 37 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 38 can can MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 39 move move VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 40 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 41 indoor indoor JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 42 environments environment NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 43 - - : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 44 Revisiting revisit VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 45 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 46 Wells Wells NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 47 evaporation evaporation NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 48 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 49 falling fall VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 50 curve curve NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 51 Transport transport NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 52 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 53 airborne airborne JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 54 particles particle NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 55 from from IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 56 an an DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 57 unobstructed unobstructed JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 58 cough cough NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 147 59 jet jet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 1 A a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 2 new new JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 3 methodology methodology NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 4 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 5 studying study VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 6 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 7 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 8 aerosol aerosol NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 9 particles particle NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 10 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 11 sneeze sneeze NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 12 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 13 cough cough NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 14 using use VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 15 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 16 digital digital JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 17 high high JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 18 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 19 vision vision NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 20 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 21 high high JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 22 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 23 speed speed NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 24 video video NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 25 system system NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 26 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 27 vector vector NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 148 28 analyses analysis NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 149 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 149 2 role role NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 149 3 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 149 4 particle particle NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 149 5 size size NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 149 6 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 149 7 aerosolised aerosolised JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 149 8 pathogen pathogen NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 149 9 transmission transmission NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 149 10 : : : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 1 A a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 2 review review NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 3 Characterizations characterization NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 4 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 5 particle particle NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 6 size size NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 7 distribution distribution NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 8 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 9 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 10 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 11 exhaled exhale VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 12 by by IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 13 sneeze sneeze NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 14 Characterization characterization NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 15 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 16 expiration expiration NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 17 air air NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 18 jets jet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 19 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 20 droplet droplet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 21 size size NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 22 distributions distribution NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 23 immediately immediately RB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 24 at at IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 25 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 26 mouth mouth NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 27 opening open VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 28 On on IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 29 air air NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 30 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 31 borne bear VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 32 infection infection NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 33 : : : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 34 Study Study NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 35 II II NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 150 36 . . . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 151 1 Droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 151 2 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 151 3 droplet droplet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 151 4 nuclei nucleus NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 151 5 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 151 6 size size NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 151 7 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 151 8 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 151 9 duration duration NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 151 10 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 151 11 air air NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 151 12 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 151 13 carriage carriage NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 151 14 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 151 15 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 151 16 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 151 17 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 151 18 droplet droplet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 151 19 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 151 20 nuclei nucleus NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 1 A a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 2 schlieren schlieren NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 3 optical optical JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 4 study study NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 5 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 6 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 7 human human JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 8 cough cough NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 9 with with IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 10 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 11 without without IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 12 wearing wear VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 13 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 14 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 15 aerosol aerosol NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 16 infection infection NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 17 control control VBP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 18 Violent violent JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 19 expiratory expiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 20 events event NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 21 : : : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 22 On on IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 23 coughing cough VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 24 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 25 sneezing sneeze VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 26 Turbulent turbulent JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 27 gas gas NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 28 clouds cloud NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 29 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 30 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 31 pathogen pathogen NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 32 emissions emission NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 33 : : : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 34 Potential potential JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 35 implications implication NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 36 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 37 reducing reduce VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 38 transmission transmission NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 39 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 40 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 41 Toward toward IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 42 understanding understand VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 43 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 44 risk risk NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 45 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 46 secondary secondary JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 47 airborne airborne JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 48 infection infection NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 49 : : : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 50 Emission emission NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 51 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 52 respirable respirable JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 152 53 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 1 Aerodynamic aerodynamic JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 2 analysis analysis NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 3 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 4 SARS SARS NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 5 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 6 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 7 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 8 two two CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 9 Wuhan Wuhan NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 10 hospitals hospital NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 11 Air Air NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 12 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 13 surface surface NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 14 environmental environmental JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 15 , , , cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 16 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 17 personal personal JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 18 protective protective JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 19 equipment equipment NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 20 contamination contamination NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 21 by by IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 22 severe severe JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 23 Acute acute JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 24 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 25 Syndrome Syndrome NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 26 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 153 27 2 2 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 154 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 154 2 SARS SARS NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 154 3 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 154 4 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 154 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-271822-ohkki0ke 154 6 from from IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 154 7 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 154 8 symptomatic symptomatic JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 154 9 patient patient NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 154 10 Indirect indirect JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 154 11 virus virus NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 154 12 transmission transmission NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 154 13 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 154 14 cluster cluster NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 154 15 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 154 16 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 154 17 cases case NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 155 1 Visualization visualization NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 155 2 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 155 3 sneeze sneeze NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 155 4 ejecta ejecta NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 155 5 : : : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 155 6 Steps step NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 155 7 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 155 8 fluid fluid JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 155 9 fragmentation fragmentation NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 155 10 leading lead VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 155 11 to to IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 155 12 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 155 13 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 1 The the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 2 efficacy efficacy NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 3 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 4 standard standard JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 5 surgical surgical JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 6 face face NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 7 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 8 : : : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 9 An an DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 10 investigation investigation NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 11 using use VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 12 " " `` cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 13 tracer tracer NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 14 particles particle NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 15 A a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 16 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 17 assessment assessment NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 18 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 19 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 20 efficacy efficacy NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 21 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 22 surgical surgical JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 23 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 24 N95 N95 NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 25 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 26 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 27 filter filter VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 28 influenza influenza NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 29 virus virus NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 30 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 31 patients patient NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 32 with with IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 33 acute acute JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 34 influenza influenza NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 35 infection infection NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 36 Dispersion dispersion NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 37 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 38 exposure exposure NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 39 to to IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 40 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 41 cough cough NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 42 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 43 generated generate VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 44 aerosol aerosol NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 45 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 46 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 47 simulated simulated JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 48 medical medical JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 49 examination examination NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 50 room room NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 51 Efficacy Efficacy NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 52 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 53 face face NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 54 shields shield NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 55 against against IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 56 cough cough NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 57 aerosol aerosol NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 58 droplets droplet NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 59 from from IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 60 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 61 cough cough NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 62 simulator simulator NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 63 Effectiveness Effectiveness NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 64 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 65 cough cough NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 66 etiquette etiquette NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 67 maneuvers maneuver NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 68 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 69 disrupting disrupt VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 70 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 71 chain chain NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 72 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 73 transmission transmission NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 74 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 75 infectious infectious JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 76 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 77 diseases disease NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 78 Respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 79 virus virus NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 80 shedding shed VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 81 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 82 exhaled exhaled JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 83 breath breath NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 84 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 85 efficacy efficacy NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 86 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 87 face face NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 88 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 89 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 90 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 91 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 92 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 93 face face NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 94 mask mask NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 95 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 96 capturing capture VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 97 air air NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 98 pollutants pollutant NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 99 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 100 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 101 including include VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 102 human human JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 103 influenza influenza NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 104 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 105 rhinoviruses rhinovirus NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 106 Simple simple JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 107 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 108 protection protection NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 109 - - : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 110 Evaluation evaluation NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 111 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 112 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 113 filtration filtration NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 114 performance performance NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 115 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 116 cloth cloth NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 117 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 118 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 119 common common JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 120 fabric fabric NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 121 materials material NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 122 against against IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 123 20 20 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 124 - - SYM cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 125 1000 1000 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 126 nm nm NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 127 size size NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 128 particles particle NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 129 Testing test VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 130 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 131 efficacy efficacy NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 132 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 133 homemade homemade JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 134 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 135 : : : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 136 Would Would MD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 137 they -PRON- PRP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 138 protect protect VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 139 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 140 an an DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 141 influenza influenza NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 142 pandemic pandemic NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 156 143 ? ? . cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 1 Effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 2 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 3 surgical surgical JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 4 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 5 cotton cotton NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 6 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 7 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 8 blocking block VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 9 SARS SARS NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 10 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 11 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 12 : : : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 13 A a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 14 controlled control VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 15 comparison comparison NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 16 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 17 4 4 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 18 patients patient NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 19 Aerosol Aerosol NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 20 filtration filtration NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 21 efficiency efficiency NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 22 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 23 common common JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 24 fabrics fabric NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 25 used use VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 26 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 27 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 28 cloth cloth NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 29 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 30 Rational rational JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 31 use use NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 32 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 33 face face NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 34 masks mask NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 35 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 36 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 37 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 38 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 39 Nonpharmaceutical nonpharmaceutical JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 40 measures measure NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 41 for for IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 42 pandemic pandemic NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 43 influenza influenza NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 44 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 45 nonhealthcare nonhealthcare NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 46 settings setting NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 47 - - : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 48 personal personal JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 49 protective protective JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 50 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 51 environmental environmental JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 52 measures measure NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 53 Flow flow VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 54 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 55 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 56 characterization characterization NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 57 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 58 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 59 cough cough NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 60 Coughing cough VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 61 frequency frequency NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 62 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 63 patients patient NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 64 with with IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 65 persistent persistent JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 66 cough cough NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 67 : : : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 68 Assessment assessment NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 69 using use VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 70 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 71 24 24 CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 72 hour hour NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 73 ambulatory ambulatory JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 74 recorder recorder NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 75 Dispersal Dispersal NNP cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 76 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 77 exhaled exhale VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 78 air air NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 79 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 80 personal personal JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 81 exposure exposure NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 82 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 83 displacement displacement NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 84 ventilated ventilate VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 85 rooms room NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 86 Dispersion dispersion NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 87 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 88 exhaled exhale VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 89 droplet droplet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 90 nuclei nucleus NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 91 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 92 a a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 93 two two CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 94 - - HYPH cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 95 bed bed NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 96 hospital hospital NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 97 ward ward NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 98 with with IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 99 three three CD cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 100 different different JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 101 ventilation ventilation NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 102 systems system NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 103 Role role NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 104 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 105 ventilation ventilation NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 106 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 107 airborne airborne JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 108 transmission transmission NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 109 of of IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 110 infectious infectious JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 111 agents agent NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 112 in in IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 113 the the DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 114 built build VBN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 115 environment environment NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 116 - - : cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 117 A a DT cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 118 multidisciplinary multidisciplinary JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 119 systematic systematic JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 120 review review NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 121 On on IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 122 coughing cough VBG cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 123 and and CC cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 124 airborne airborne JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 125 droplet droplet NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 126 transmission transmission NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 127 to to IN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 157 128 humans human NNS cord-271822-ohkki0ke 158 1 How how WRB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 158 2 to to TO cord-271822-ohkki0ke 158 3 Make make VB cord-271822-ohkki0ke 158 4 Your -PRON- PRP$ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 158 5 own own JJ cord-271822-ohkki0ke 158 6 Face face NN cord-271822-ohkki0ke 158 7 Covering covering NN