id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-007689-0vpp3xdl	Schlee, M.	Beyond Double-Stranded RNA-Type I IFN Induction by 3pRNA and Other Viral Nucleic Acids	2007		.txt	text/plain	7735	488	53	Since the discovery of type I IFNs in 1957, long double-stranded RNA formed during replication of many viruses was thought to be responsible for type I IFN induction, and for decades double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) was thought to be the receptor. It now became evident that not PKR but two members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, TLR7 and TLR9, and two cytosolic helicases, RIG-I and MDA-5, are responsible for the majority of type I IFNs induced upon recognition of viral nucleic acids. Based on the recent progress in the field, we now know that TLR7, TLR9, and RIG-I do not require long double-stranded RNA for type I IFN induction. These two cytosolic receptors are then responsible for the second and prolonged wave of type I IFN production and for the induction of apoptosis of virally infected cells. Small interfering RNAs mediate sequence-independent gene suppression and induce immune activation by signaling through toll-like receptor 3	./cache/cord-007689-0vpp3xdl.txt	./txt/cord-007689-0vpp3xdl.txt