id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-312886-o3ipzn05	Onomoto, Koji	Antiviral innate immunity and stress granule responses	2014-08-19		.txt	text/plain	5136	281	39	Viral infection and stress granules Viral invasion and replication are detected by innate immune sensors in cells, triggering downstream signaling pathways that can ultimately result in the activation of systemic immune responses. In some cases these bodies have been given different names in an attempt to distinguish them from SGs; in this review, however, we refer to virusinduced SG-like granules collectively as SGs. Many viruses induce SGs through the activation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF)2a kinases PKR and, in some cases, general control non-depressible 2 (GCN2), which are both triggered by detection of RNA in the cytoplasm [28] ( Figure 2 ). In the stress-recovered condition, GADD34 protein is rapidly downregulated by an unknown mechanism and the phosphorylated form of eIF2a reaccumulates in the cells, resulting in an oscillating pattern of SGs. In cases where viral infection appears to not induce SGs, accumulating evidence suggest that these viruses inhibit SG formation.	./cache/cord-312886-o3ipzn05.txt	./txt/cord-312886-o3ipzn05.txt