id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-313138-y485ev30	Magor, Katharine E.	Defense genes missing from the flight division	2013-04-24		.txt	text/plain	10638	610	51	Whether cause or effect, the lack of TLR8 in avian monocytes/ macrophages likely does contribute to the susceptibility of birds to RNA viruses (West Nile virus, Newcastle disease virus, influenza virus and others) and intracellular bacterial infections, including mycobacteria. The gene encoding RIG-I, DDX58, is not annotated in the chicken genome sequence, and is missing in some fish species, but MDA5 homologues are present in all vertebrate families (Zou et 2009). Riplet/RNF135 is a cytoplasmic E3-ligase identified by yeast two-hybrid as one of the proteins binding RIG-I, and is essential for RIG-I activation in human cell lines upon infection with an RNA virus (Oshiumi et al., 2009; Oshiumi et al., 2010) . The upregulation of IFIT5 following viral infection of chicken cells expressing duck RIG-I ( Barber et al., 2013) or infection of ducks (Vanderven et al., 2012) suggests IFIT5 is an important antiviral effector in avian species.	./cache/cord-313138-y485ev30.txt	./txt/cord-313138-y485ev30.txt