id sid tid token lemma pos cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 1 1 key key NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 1 2 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 2 1 cord-007689 cord-007689 NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 2 2 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 2 3 0vpp3xdl 0vpp3xdl CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 2 4 authors author NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 2 5 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 2 6 Schlee Schlee NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 2 7 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 2 8 M. M. NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 2 9 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 2 10 Barchet Barchet NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 2 11 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 2 12 W. W. NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 2 13 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 2 14 Hornung Hornung NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 2 15 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 2 16 V. V. NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 2 17 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 2 18 Hartmann Hartmann NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 2 19 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 3 1 G. G. NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 3 2 title title NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 3 3 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 4 1 Beyond beyond IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 4 2 Double double JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 4 3 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 4 4 Stranded Stranded NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 4 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 4 6 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 4 7 Type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 5 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 5 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 5 3 Induction Induction NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 5 4 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 5 5 3pRNA 3prna CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 5 6 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 5 7 Other other JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 5 8 Viral Viral NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 5 9 Nucleic nucleic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 5 10 Acids acid NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 5 11 date date NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 5 12 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 6 1 2007 2007 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 6 2 journal journal NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 6 3 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 7 1 Interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 7 2 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 8 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 8 2 50th 50th JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 8 3 Anniversary anniversary NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 8 4 DOI doi NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 8 5 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 8 6 10.1007/978 10.1007/978 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 8 7 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 8 8 3 3 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 8 9 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 8 10 540 540 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 8 11 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 8 12 71329 71329 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 8 13 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 8 14 6_11 6_11 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 8 15 sha sha NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 8 16 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 9 1 e59a051e4ff6f3a30b91203cdb0a1503d0050d21 e59a051e4ff6f3a30b91203cdb0a1503d0050d21 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 9 2 doc_id doc_id CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 9 3 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 9 4 7689 7689 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 9 5 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 9 6 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 10 1 0vpp3xdl 0vpp3xdl NFP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 11 1 Production production NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 11 2 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 11 3 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 12 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 12 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 12 3 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 12 4 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 12 5 key key JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 12 6 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 12 7 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 12 8 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 12 9 infection infection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 12 10 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 1 Since since IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 2 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 3 discovery discovery NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 4 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 5 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 6 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 7 IFNs ifns VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 8 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 9 1957 1957 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 10 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 11 long long RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 12 double double RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 13 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 14 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 16 formed form VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 17 during during IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 18 replication replication NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 19 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 20 many many JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 21 viruses virus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 22 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 23 thought think VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 24 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 25 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 26 responsible responsible JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 27 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 13 28 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 14 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 14 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 14 3 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 14 4 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 14 5 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 14 6 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 14 7 decades decade NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 14 8 double double RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 14 9 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 14 10 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 14 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 14 12 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 14 13 activated activate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 14 14 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 14 15 kinase kinase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 14 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 14 17 PKR PKR NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 14 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 14 19 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 14 20 thought think VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 14 21 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 14 22 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 14 23 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 14 24 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 14 25 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 15 1 Recently recently RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 15 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 15 3 this this DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 15 4 picture picture NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 15 5 has have VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 15 6 dramatically dramatically RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 15 7 changed change VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 15 8 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 2 now now RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 3 became become VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 4 evident evident JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 5 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 6 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 7 PKR PKR NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 8 but but CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 9 two two CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 10 members member NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 11 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 12 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 13 Toll Toll NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 14 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 15 like like JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 16 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 18 TLR TLR NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 20 family family NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 21 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 22 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 23 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 24 TLR9 TLR9 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 25 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 26 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 27 two two CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 28 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 29 helicases helicase NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 30 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 31 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 32 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 33 I I NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 34 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 35 MDA-5 MDA-5 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 36 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 37 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 38 responsible responsible JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 39 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 40 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 41 majority majority NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 42 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 16 43 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 17 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 17 2 IFNs ifns VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 17 3 induced induce VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 17 4 upon upon IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 17 5 recognition recognition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 17 6 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 17 7 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 17 8 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 17 9 acids acid NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 17 10 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 18 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 18 2 this this DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 18 3 review review NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 18 4 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 18 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 18 6 focus focus VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 18 7 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 18 8 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 18 9 molecular molecular JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 18 10 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 18 11 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 18 12 which which WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 18 13 those those DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 18 14 innate innate VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 18 15 immune immune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 18 16 receptors receptor NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 18 17 detect detect VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 18 18 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 18 19 infection infection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 18 20 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 1 Based base VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 2 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 3 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 4 recent recent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 5 progress progress NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 6 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 7 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 8 field field NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 9 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 10 we -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 11 now now RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 12 know know VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 13 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 14 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 15 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 16 TLR9 TLR9 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 17 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 18 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 19 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 20 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 21 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 22 do do VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 23 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 24 require require VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 25 long long JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 26 double double RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 27 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 28 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 29 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 30 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 31 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 32 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 33 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 34 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 19 35 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 20 1 Type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 20 2 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 20 3 IFNs ifns NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 20 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 20 5 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 20 6 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 20 7 α α NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 20 8 isoforms isoform NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 20 9 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 20 10 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 20 11 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 20 12 β β NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 20 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 20 14 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 20 15 regarded regard VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 20 16 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 20 17 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 20 18 dominant dominant JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 20 19 mediators mediator NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 20 20 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 20 21 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 20 22 defense defense NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 20 23 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 20 24 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 20 25 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 1 Since since IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 2 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 3 initial initial JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 4 discovery discovery NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 5 half half NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 6 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 7 century century NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 8 ago ago RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 9 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 10 acid acid NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 11 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 12 stable stable JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 13 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 14 soluble soluble JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 15 factors factor NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 16 " " `` cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 17 interfering interfere VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 18 " " '' cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 19 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 20 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 21 proliferation proliferation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 22 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 23 cultured cultured JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 24 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 26 Isaacs Isaacs NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 27 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 28 Lindenmann Lindenmann NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 29 1957 1957 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 30 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 31 Nagano Nagano NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 32 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 33 Kojima Kojima NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 34 1958 1958 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 36 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 37 intense intense JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 38 research research NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 39 has have VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 40 focused focus VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 41 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 21 42 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 22 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 22 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 22 3 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 22 4 signaling signal VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 22 5 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 22 6 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 22 7 plethora plethora NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 22 8 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 22 9 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 23 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 23 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 23 3 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 23 4 mediated mediate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 23 5 effects effect NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 23 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 23 7 Theofilopoulos Theofilopoulos NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 23 8 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 23 9 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 23 10 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 23 11 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 23 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 23 13 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 24 1 For for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 24 2 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 24 3 host host NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 24 4 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 24 5 an an DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 24 6 intact intact JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 24 7 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 25 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 25 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 25 3 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 25 4 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 25 5 critical critical JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 25 6 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 25 7 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 25 8 survival survival NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 25 9 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 25 10 many many JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 25 11 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 25 12 infections infection NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 25 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 25 14 Gresser Gresser NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 25 15 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 25 16 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 25 17 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 25 18 1976 1976 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 25 19 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 25 20 Muller Muller NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 25 21 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 25 22 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 25 23 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 25 24 1994 1994 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 25 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 25 26 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 26 1 Sensing sensing NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 26 2 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 26 3 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 26 4 replication replication NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 26 5 has have VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 26 6 been be VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 26 7 proposed propose VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 26 8 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 26 9 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 26 10 responsible responsible JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 26 11 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 26 12 triggering trigger VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 26 13 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 26 14 production production NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 26 15 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 26 16 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 26 17 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 26 18 IFNs ifn NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 26 19 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 26 20 infected infected JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 26 21 host host NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 26 22 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 26 23 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 27 1 However however RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 27 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 27 3 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 27 4 specific specific JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 27 5 host host NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 27 6 immune immune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 27 7 receptors receptor NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 27 8 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 27 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 27 10 respective respective JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 27 11 molecular molecular JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 27 12 ligands ligand NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 27 13 remained remain VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 27 14 elusive elusive JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 27 15 until until IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 27 16 very very RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 27 17 recently recently RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 27 18 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 28 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 28 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 28 3 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 28 4 mount mount VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 28 5 an an DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 28 6 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 28 7 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 28 8 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 28 9 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 28 10 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 28 11 innate innate JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 28 12 immune immune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 28 13 system system NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 28 14 must must MD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 28 15 distinguish distinguish VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 28 16 viruses virus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 28 17 from from IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 28 18 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 28 19 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 28 20 fungi fungus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 28 21 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 28 22 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 28 23 multicellular multicellular JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 28 24 parasites parasite NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 28 25 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 1 Charles Charles NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 2 Janeway Janeway NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 3 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 4 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 5 first first JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 6 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 7 propose propose VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 8 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 9 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 10 detection detection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 11 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 12 highly highly RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 13 conserved conserved JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 14 pathogen pathogen NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 15 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 16 associated associate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 17 molecular molecular JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 18 patterns pattern NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 20 PAMPs pamp NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 22 may may MD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 23 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 24 mastered master VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 25 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 26 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 27 limited limited JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 28 number number NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 29 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 30 germline germline NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 31 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 32 encoded encode VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 33 pattern pattern NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 34 recognition recognition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 35 receptors receptor NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 37 PRRs PRRs NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 40 Janeway Janeway NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 41 1989 1989 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 29 43 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 30 1 A a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 30 2 few few JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 30 3 years year NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 30 4 later later RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 30 5 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 30 6 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 30 7 first first JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 30 8 experimental experimental JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 30 9 evidence evidence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 30 10 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 30 11 such such PDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 30 12 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 30 13 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 30 14 came come VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 30 15 from from IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 30 16 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 30 17 fruit fruit NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 30 18 fly fly NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 30 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 30 20 Lemaitre Lemaitre NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 30 21 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 30 22 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 30 23 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 30 24 1996 1996 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 30 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 30 26 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 1 Shortly shortly RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 2 afterwards afterwards RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 3 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 4 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 5 member member NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 6 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 7 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 8 family family NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 9 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 10 toll toll NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 11 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 12 like like JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 13 receptors receptor NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 15 TLR TLR NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 17 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 18 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 19 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 20 homolog homolog NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 21 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 22 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 23 toll toll NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 24 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 25 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 26 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 27 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 28 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 29 responsible responsible JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 30 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 31 detecting detect VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 32 lipopolysaccharides lipopolysaccharides NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 34 LPS LPS NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 36 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 37 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 38 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 39 component component NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 40 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 41 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 42 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 43 walls wall NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 44 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 45 Gram gram NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 46 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 47 negative negative JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 48 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 50 Medzhitov Medzhitov NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 51 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 52 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 53 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 54 1997 1997 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 55 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 56 Poltorak Poltorak NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 57 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 58 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 59 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 60 1998 1998 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 31 62 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 32 1 This this DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 32 2 observation observation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 32 3 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 32 4 confirmed confirm VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 32 5 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 32 6 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 32 7 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 32 8 generation generation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 32 9 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 32 10 TLR4-deficient TLR4-deficient NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 32 11 mice mouse NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 32 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 32 13 Hoshino Hoshino NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 32 14 et et FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 32 15 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 32 16 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 32 17 1999 1999 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 32 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 32 19 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 1 Parasites parasite NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 3 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 4 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 5 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 6 fungi fungus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 7 rely rely VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 8 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 9 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 10 multitude multitude NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 11 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 12 molecules molecule NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 13 that that WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 14 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 15 distant distant JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 16 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 17 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 18 terms term NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 19 from from IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 20 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 21 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 22 organism organism NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 23 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 24 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 25 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 26 thus thus RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 27 readily readily RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 28 discernible discernible JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 29 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 30 non non JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 31 - - JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 32 self self JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 33 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 34 members member NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 35 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 36 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 37 Toll Toll NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 38 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 39 like like JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 40 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 42 TLR TLR NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 44 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 45 NODlike nodlike NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 46 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 48 NLR NLR NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 50 families family NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 52 reviewed review VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 53 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 54 Meylan Meylan NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 55 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 56 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 57 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 58 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 59 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 33 60 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 34 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 34 2 sharp sharp JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 34 3 contrast contrast NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 34 4 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 34 5 all all DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 34 6 components component NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 34 7 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 34 8 viruses virus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 34 9 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 34 10 produced produce VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 34 11 within within IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 34 12 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 34 13 infected infected JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 34 14 host host NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 34 15 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 34 16 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 34 17 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 34 18 therefore therefore RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 34 19 lack lack VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 34 20 distinguishable distinguishable JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 34 21 non non JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 34 22 - - JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 34 23 self self JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 34 24 molecular molecular JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 34 25 patterns pattern NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 34 26 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 35 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 35 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 35 3 viruses virus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 35 4 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 35 5 promptly promptly RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 35 6 recognized recognize VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 35 7 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 35 8 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 35 9 innate innate JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 35 10 immune immune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 35 11 system system NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 35 12 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 35 13 elicit elicit VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 35 14 pronounced pronounce VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 35 15 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 35 16 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 36 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 36 2 interferon interferon VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 36 3 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 36 4 cytokine cytokine NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 36 5 responses response NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 36 6 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 37 1 Shortly shortly RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 37 2 after after IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 37 3 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 37 4 discovery discovery NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 37 5 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 37 6 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 37 7 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 37 8 interferons interferon NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 37 9 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 37 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 37 11 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 37 12 proposed propose VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 37 13 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 37 14 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 37 15 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 37 16 acids acid NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 37 17 could could MD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 37 18 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 37 19 stimulating stimulate VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 37 20 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 37 21 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 37 22 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 37 23 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 37 24 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 37 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 38 1 Isaacs Isaacs NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 38 2 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 38 3 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 38 4 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 38 5 1963 1963 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 38 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 38 7 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 1 Many many JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 2 viruses virus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 3 synthesize synthesize VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 4 double double RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 5 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 6 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 9 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 11 during during IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 13 replication replication NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 14 cycle cycle NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 16 Baltimore Baltimore NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 17 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 18 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 19 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 20 1964 1964 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 21 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 22 Montagnier Montagnier NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 23 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 24 Sanders Sanders NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 25 1963 1963 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 27 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 28 whereas whereas IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 29 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 30 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 31 thought think VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 32 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 33 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 34 absent absent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 35 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 36 uninfected uninfected JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 37 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 39 38 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 40 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 40 2 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 40 3 formed form VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 40 4 during during IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 40 5 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 40 6 infection infection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 40 7 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 40 8 postulated postulate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 40 9 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 40 10 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 40 11 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 40 12 molecular molecular JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 40 13 signature signature NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 40 14 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 40 15 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 40 16 infection infection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 40 17 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 2 support support NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 3 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 4 this this DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 5 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 6 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 7 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 8 enzymatically enzymatically RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 9 generated generate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 10 double double RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 11 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 12 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 14 polynucleotide polynucleotide IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 15 polyinosinic polyinosinic NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 16 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 17 polycytidylic polycytidylic NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 18 acid acid NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 20 poly poly NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 21 I i NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 22 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 23 C C NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 25 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 26 found find VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 27 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 28 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 29 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 30 potent potent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 31 inducer inducer NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 32 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 41 33 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 42 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 42 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 42 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 42 4 Field Field NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 42 5 et et FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 42 6 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 42 7 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 42 8 1967 1967 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 42 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 42 10 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 1 Although although IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 2 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 3 authors author NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 4 carefully carefully RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 5 emphasized emphasize VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 6 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 7 all all DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 8 other other JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 9 double double RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 10 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 11 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 12 polynucleotides polynucleotide NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 13 were be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 14 inactive inactive JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 15 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 16 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 17 notion notion NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 18 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 19 long long JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 20 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 21 double double RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 22 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 23 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 24 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 25 elicits elicit VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 26 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 27 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 28 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 29 became become VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 30 commonplace commonplace JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 31 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 32 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 33 poly poly NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 34 I i NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 35 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 36 C C NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 37 has have VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 38 been be VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 39 used use VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 40 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 41 an an DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 42 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 43 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 44 inducing induce VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 45 mimic mimic NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 46 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 47 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 48 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 49 ever ever RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 50 since since RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 43 51 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 2 early early JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 3 attempts attempt NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 4 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 5 uncover uncover VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 6 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 7 inducers inducer NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 8 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 9 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 10 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 11 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 12 other other JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 13 mediators mediator NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 14 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 15 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 16 activity activity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 17 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 18 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 19 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 20 α α NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 21 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 22 poly poly NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 23 I i NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 24 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 25 C c NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 26 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 27 treated treat VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 28 or or CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 29 reticulocyte reticulocyte NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 30 extracts extract NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 31 were be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 32 analyzed analyze VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 44 33 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 1 Chromatographic chromatographic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 2 separation separation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 3 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 4 lysates lysate NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 5 revealed reveal VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 6 proteins protein NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 7 that that WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 8 were be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 9 increased increase VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 10 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 11 preincubation preincubation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 12 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 13 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 14 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 15 α α NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 16 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 17 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 18 whose whose WP$ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 19 enzymatic enzymatic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 20 activity activity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 21 depended depend VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 22 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 23 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 24 presence presence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 25 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 26 dsRNA dsRNA VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 28 usually usually RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 29 poly poly JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 30 I i NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 31 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 32 C C NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 45 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 46 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 46 2 Farrell Farrell NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 46 3 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 46 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 46 5 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 46 6 1978 1978 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 47 1 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 47 2 Hovanessian Hovanessian NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 47 3 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 47 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 47 5 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 48 1 1977 1977 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 48 2 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 48 3 Zilberstein Zilberstein NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 48 4 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 48 5 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 48 6 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 48 7 1978 1978 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 48 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 48 9 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 1 Two two CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 2 proteins protein NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 3 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 4 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 5 inducible inducible JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 6 double double RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 7 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 8 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 10 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 11 activated activate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 12 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 13 kinase kinase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 15 PKR PKR NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 17 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 18 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 19 2′,5′ 2′,5′ CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 20 oligoadenylate oligoadenylate NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 21 synthetase synthetase NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 23 OAS OAS NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 25 could could MD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 26 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 27 affinity affinity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 28 purified purify VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 29 using use VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 49 30 poly poly NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 50 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 50 2 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 50 3 C c NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 50 4 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 50 5 cellulose cellulose NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 50 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 50 7 Farrell Farrell NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 50 8 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 50 9 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 50 10 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 50 11 1978 1978 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 50 12 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 50 13 Hovanessian Hovanessian NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 50 14 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 50 15 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 50 16 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 50 17 1977 1977 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 50 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 50 19 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 51 1 Both both DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 51 2 activated activate VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 51 3 PKR PKR NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 51 4 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 51 5 OAS OAS NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 51 6 were be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 51 7 found find VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 51 8 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 51 9 block block VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 51 10 translation translation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 51 11 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 51 12 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 51 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 51 14 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 51 15 distinct distinct JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 51 16 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 51 17 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 52 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 52 2 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 52 3 presence presence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 52 4 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 52 5 poly poly NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 52 6 I i NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 52 7 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 52 8 C C NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 53 1 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 53 2 OAS OAS NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 53 3 catalyzes catalyze VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 53 4 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 53 5 synthesis synthesis NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 53 6 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 53 7 2′,5′ 2′,5′ CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 53 8 oligomers oligomer NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 53 9 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 53 10 adenosine adenosine NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 53 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 53 12 2 2 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 53 13 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 53 14 5As 5as JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 53 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 54 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 54 2 Hovanessian Hovanessian NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 54 3 et et FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 54 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 54 5 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 55 1 1977 1977 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 55 2 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 55 3 Zilberstein Zilberstein NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 55 4 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 55 5 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 55 6 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 55 7 1978 1978 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 55 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 55 9 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 55 10 which which WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 55 11 activate activate VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 55 12 RNase RNase NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 55 13 L L NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 55 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 55 15 Farrell Farrell NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 55 16 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 55 17 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 55 18 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 55 19 1978 1978 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 55 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 55 21 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 1 RNase RNase NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 2 L L NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 3 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 4 turn turn NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 5 degrades degrade VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 6 single single RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 7 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 8 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 9 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 10 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 11 cellular cellular JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 12 RNAs rna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 14 Farrell Farrell NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 15 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 16 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 17 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 18 1978 1978 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 20 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 21 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 22 sequence sequence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 23 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 24 independent independent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 25 manner manner NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 27 Minks Minks NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 28 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 29 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 30 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 31 1979 1979 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 56 33 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 1 Consequently consequently RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 2 RNase RNase NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 3 L l NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 4 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 5 deficient deficient JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 6 mice mouse NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 7 displayed display VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 8 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 9 reduced reduce VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 10 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 11 activity activity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 12 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 13 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 14 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 15 α α NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 16 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 17 as as RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 18 well well RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 19 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 20 impaired impaired JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 21 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 23 Zhou Zhou NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 24 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 25 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 26 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 27 1997 1997 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 57 29 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 2 contrast contrast NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 3 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 4 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 5 serine serine JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 6 threonine threonine NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 7 kinase kinase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 8 PKR PKR NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 9 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 10 found find VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 11 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 12 more more RBR cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 13 specifically specifically RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 14 block block VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 15 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 16 translation translation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 17 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 18 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 21 Farrell Farrell NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 22 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 23 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 24 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 25 1978 1978 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 27 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 28 phosphorylation phosphorylation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 29 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 30 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 31 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 32 translation translation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 33 initiation initiation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 34 factor factor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 35 eIF2a eIF2a NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 58 36 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 1 Besides besides IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 2 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 3 function function NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 4 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 5 limiting limit VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 6 translation translation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 7 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 8 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 9 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 10 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 11 PKR PKR NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 12 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 13 also also RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 14 reported report VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 15 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 16 activate activate VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 17 NF NF NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 18 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 19 κB κB NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 21 Kumar Kumar NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 22 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 23 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 24 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 25 1994 1994 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 59 27 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 1 PKR PKR NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 2 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 3 therefore therefore RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 4 proposed propose VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 5 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 6 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 7 key key JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 8 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 9 mediating mediate VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 10 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 11 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 12 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 13 dsRNA dsrna RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 14 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 15 induced induce VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 16 production production NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 17 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 18 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 19 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 20 interferons interferon NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 22 Kumar Kumar NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 23 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 24 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 25 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 26 1994 1994 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 60 28 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 61 1 However however RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 61 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 61 3 these these DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 61 4 findings finding NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 61 5 remained remain VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 61 6 controversial controversial JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 61 7 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 61 8 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 61 9 other other JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 61 10 studies study NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 61 11 that that WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 61 12 examined examine VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 61 13 PKR PKR NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 61 14 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 61 15 deficient deficient JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 61 16 mice mouse NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 61 17 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 61 18 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 62 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 62 2 Chu Chu NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 62 3 et et FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 62 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 62 5 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 63 1 1999 1999 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 63 2 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 63 3 Iordanov Iordanov NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 63 4 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 63 5 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 63 6 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 64 1 2001 2001 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 64 2 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 64 3 Maggi Maggi NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 64 4 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 64 5 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 64 6 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 65 1 2000 2000 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 65 2 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 65 3 Smith Smith NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 65 4 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 65 5 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 65 6 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 1 2001 2001 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 2 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 3 Yang Yang NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 4 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 5 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 6 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 7 1995 1995 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 9 found find VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 10 no no DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 11 defects defect NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 12 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 13 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 14 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 15 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 16 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 17 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 18 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 19 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 20 poly poly NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 21 I I NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 22 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 23 C c NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 24 or or CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 25 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 26 infection infection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 27 that that WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 28 could could MD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 29 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 30 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 31 overcome overcome VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 32 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 33 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 34 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 35 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 36 pretreatment pretreatment NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 66 37 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 1 Further further JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 2 analysis analysis NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 3 revealed reveal VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 4 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 5 PKR PKR NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 6 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 7 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 8 only only RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 9 activated activate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 10 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 11 poly poly NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 12 I I NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 13 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 14 C c NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 15 but but CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 16 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 17 able able JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 18 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 19 interact interact VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 20 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 21 dsRNA dsRNA NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 22 as as RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 23 short short JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 24 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 25 11 11 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 26 bp bp NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 67 27 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 68 1 However however RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 68 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 68 3 at at RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 68 4 least least RBS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 68 5 30 30 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 68 6 bp bp NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 68 7 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 68 8 required require VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 68 9 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 68 10 activate activate VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 68 11 PKR PKR NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 68 12 kinase kinase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 68 13 activity activity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 68 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 68 15 Manche Manche NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 68 16 et et FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 68 17 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 68 18 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 68 19 1992 1992 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 68 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 68 21 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 2 another another DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 3 study study NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 5 Zheng Zheng NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 6 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 7 Bevilacqua Bevilacqua NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 8 2004 2004 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 10 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 11 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 12 PKR PKR NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 13 could could MD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 14 also also RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 15 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 16 activated activate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 17 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 19 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 20 containing contain VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 21 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 22 16-bp 16-bp CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 23 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 24 stem stem NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 25 loop loop NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 26 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 27 combination combination NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 28 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 29 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 30 more more JJR cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 31 than than IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 32 11bp 11bp JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 33 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 34 long long JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 35 single single RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 36 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 37 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 38 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 39 part part NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 40 at at IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 41 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 42 5′ 5′ CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 43 or or CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 44 3′ 3′ CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 45 end end NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 69 46 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 1 All all PDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 2 these these DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 3 studies study NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 4 question question VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 5 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 6 often often RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 7 quoted quote VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 8 requirement requirement NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 9 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 10 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 11 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 12 molecule molecule NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 13 longer long JJR cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 14 than than IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 15 30 30 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 16 bp bp NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 17 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 18 furthermore furthermore RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 19 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 21 became become VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 22 evident evident JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 23 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 24 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 25 translational translational JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 26 shut shut NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 27 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 28 down down NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 29 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 30 PKR PKR NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 31 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 32 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 33 linked link VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 34 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 35 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 36 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 37 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 70 38 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 71 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 71 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 71 3 synthesis synthesis NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 71 4 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 71 5 secretion secretion NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 71 6 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 72 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 72 2 finding finding NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 72 3 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 72 4 PKR PKR NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 72 5 -/cells -/cells NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 72 6 still still RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 72 7 produce produce VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 72 8 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 72 9 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 72 10 IFNs ifns VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 72 11 spurred spur VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 72 12 further further JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 72 13 research research NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 72 14 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 72 15 receptors receptor NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 72 16 capable capable JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 72 17 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 72 18 recognizing recognize VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 72 19 long long JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 72 20 double double RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 72 21 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 72 22 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 72 23 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 72 24 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 1 Such such JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 2 investigations investigation NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 3 led lead VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 4 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 5 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 6 member member NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 7 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 8 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 9 Toll Toll NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 10 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 11 like like JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 12 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 14 TLR TLR NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 16 family family NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 17 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 18 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 19 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 20 which which WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 21 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 22 proposed propose VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 23 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 24 bind bind VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 25 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 26 long long JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 27 dsRNA dsRNA NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 28 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 29 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 30 induce induce VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 31 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 32 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 33 β β NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 35 Alexopoulou Alexopoulou NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 36 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 37 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 38 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 39 2001 2001 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 73 41 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 1 TLRs TLRs NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 2 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 3 transmembrane transmembrane NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 4 receptors receptor NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 5 that that WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 6 were be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 7 shown show VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 8 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 9 recognize recognize VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 10 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 11 variety variety NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 12 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 13 conserved conserve VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 14 pathogenassociated pathogenassociate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 15 molecular molecular JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 16 patterns pattern NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 18 PAMPs pamp NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 20 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 21 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 22 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 23 fungal fungal JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 24 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 25 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 26 parasitic parasitic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 27 origin origin NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 74 28 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 75 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 75 2 study study NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 75 3 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 75 4 Alexopoulou Alexopoulou NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 75 5 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 75 6 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 75 7 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 75 8 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 75 9 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 75 10 first first JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 75 11 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 75 12 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 75 13 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 75 14 role role NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 75 15 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 75 16 TLRs tlr NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 75 17 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 75 18 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 75 19 recognition recognition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 75 20 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 75 21 viruses virus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 75 22 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 1 TLR9 TLR9 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 2 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 3 found find VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 4 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 5 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 6 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 7 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 8 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 9 unmethylated unmethylate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 10 CpG CpG NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 11 motifs motif NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 12 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 13 DNA DNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 15 Hemmi Hemmi NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 16 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 17 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 18 2000 2000 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 20 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 21 however however RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 22 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 23 CpG CpG NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 24 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 25 DNA DNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 26 at at IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 27 first first RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 28 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 29 thought think VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 30 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 31 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 32 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 33 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 34 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 35 DNA dna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 36 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 37 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 38 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 39 role role NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 40 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 41 TLR9 TLR9 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 42 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 43 detecting detect VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 44 DNA dna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 45 viruses virus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 46 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 47 only only RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 48 proposed propose VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 76 49 later later RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 77 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 77 2 Krug Krug NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 77 3 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 77 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 77 5 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 78 1 2004a 2004a CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 79 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 79 2 Krug Krug NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 79 3 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 79 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 79 5 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 80 1 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 80 2 2004b 2004b CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 80 3 Tabeta Tabeta NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 80 4 et et FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 80 5 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 80 6 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 80 7 2004 2004 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 80 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 80 9 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 1 Upon upon IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 2 engagement engagement NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 3 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 4 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 5 specific specific JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 6 ligands ligand NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 7 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 8 TLRs TLRs NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 9 trigger trigger NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 10 signaling signal VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 11 pathways pathway NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 12 that that WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 13 lead lead VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 14 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 15 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 16 activation activation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 17 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 18 NF nf NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 19 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 20 κB κB NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 21 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 22 IRFs IRFs NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 24 signaling signal VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 25 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 26 TLRs tlr NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 27 reviewed review VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 28 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 29 Moynagh Moynagh NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 30 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 81 32 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 82 1 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 82 2 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 82 3 found find VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 82 4 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 82 5 induce induce VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 82 6 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 82 7 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 82 8 IFNs ifns VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 82 9 upon upon IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 82 10 poly poly NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 2 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 3 C c NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 4 stimulation stimulation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 5 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 6 activation activation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 7 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 8 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 9 kinase kinase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 10 TBK1 TBK1 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 11 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 12 which which WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 13 phosphorylates phosphorylate VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 14 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 15 transcription transcription NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 16 factor factor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 17 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 18 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 19 resulting result VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 20 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 21 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 22 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 23 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 24 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 25 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 26 β β NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 28 Doyle Doyle NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 29 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 30 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 31 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 32 2002 2002 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 33 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 34 Fitzgerald Fitzgerald NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 35 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 36 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 83 37 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 84 1 2003 2003 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 84 2 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 84 3 Sharma Sharma NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 84 4 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 84 5 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 84 6 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 84 7 2003 2003 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 84 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 84 9 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 85 1 Another another DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 85 2 group group NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 85 3 reported report VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 85 4 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 85 5 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 85 6 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 85 7 activated activate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 85 8 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 85 9 ssRNA ssRNA '' cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 86 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 86 2 Kariko Kariko NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 86 3 et et FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 86 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 86 5 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 86 6 2004b 2004b CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 86 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 86 8 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 86 9 however however RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 86 10 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 86 11 TLR3-deficient tlr3-deficient NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 86 12 mice mouse NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 86 13 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 86 14 mice mouse NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 86 15 deficient deficient JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 86 16 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 86 17 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 86 18 signaling signal VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 86 19 adapter adapter NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 86 20 TRIF TRIF NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 87 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 87 2 Gitlin Gitlin NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 87 3 et et FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 87 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 87 5 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 88 1 2006 2006 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 88 2 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 88 3 Kato Kato NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 88 4 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 88 5 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 88 6 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 89 1 2006 2006 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 89 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 89 3 still still RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 89 4 responded respond VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 89 5 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 89 6 poly poly NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 89 7 I I NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 89 8 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 90 1 C. C. NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 90 2 Moreover Moreover NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 90 3 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 90 4 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 90 5 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 90 6 derived derive VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 90 7 from from IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 90 8 TLR3-deficient tlr3-deficient NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 90 9 mice mouse NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 90 10 were be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 90 11 still still RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 90 12 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 90 13 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 90 14 dsRNA dsRNA VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 90 15 transfected transfecte VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 90 16 into into IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 90 17 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 90 18 cytosol cytosol NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 90 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 90 20 Diebold Diebold NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 90 21 et et FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 90 22 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 90 23 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 90 24 2003 2003 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 90 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 90 26 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 91 1 Unlike unlike IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 91 2 tumor tumor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 91 3 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 91 4 lines line NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 91 5 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 91 6 which which WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 91 7 were be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 91 8 examined examine VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 91 9 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 91 10 early early JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 91 11 studies study NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 91 12 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 91 13 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 92 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 92 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 92 3 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 92 4 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 92 5 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 92 6 primary primary JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 92 7 immune immune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 92 8 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 92 9 such such JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 92 10 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 92 11 peripheral peripheral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 92 12 blood blood NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 92 13 mononuclear mononuclear NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 92 14 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 92 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 92 16 PBMCs PBMCs NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 92 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 92 18 express express VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 92 19 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 92 20 wide wide JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 92 21 spectrum spectrum NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 92 22 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 92 23 functional functional JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 92 24 TLRs tlr NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 92 25 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 93 1 Different different JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 93 2 immune immune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 93 3 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 93 4 subsets subset NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 93 5 express express VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 93 6 distinct distinct JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 93 7 patterns pattern NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 93 8 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 93 9 TLRs tlr NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 93 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 93 11 Hornung Hornung NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 93 12 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 93 13 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 93 14 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 93 15 2002 2002 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 93 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 93 17 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 94 1 Plasmacytoid Plasmacytoid NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 94 2 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 94 3 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 94 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 94 5 PDCs pdc NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 94 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 94 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 94 8 reviewed review VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 94 9 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 94 10 Colonna Colonna NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 94 11 et et FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 94 12 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 94 13 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 94 14 2004 2004 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 94 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 94 16 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 94 17 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 94 18 major major JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 94 19 producers producer NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 94 20 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 94 21 early early JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 94 22 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 95 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 95 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 95 3 production production NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 95 4 upon upon IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 95 5 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 95 6 infection infection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 95 7 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 96 1 PDCs pdc NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 96 2 express express VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 96 3 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 96 4 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 96 5 TLR9 TLR9 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 96 6 but but CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 96 7 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 96 8 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 96 9 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 1 Both both DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 2 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 3 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 4 TLR9 TLR9 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 5 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 6 located locate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 7 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 8 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 9 endosomal endosomal NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 10 compartment compartment NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 11 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 12 signal signal VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 13 via via IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 14 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 15 adaptor adaptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 16 molecules molecule NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 17 MyD88 MyD88 NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 18 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 19 IRAK1 IRAK1 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 20 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 21 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 22 TRAF6 TRAF6 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 23 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 24 leading lead VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 25 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 26 activation activation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 27 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 28 IRF7 IRF7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 29 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 30 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 31 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 32 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 33 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 34 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 35 interferons interferon NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 36 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 37 reviewed review VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 38 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 39 Moynagh Moynagh NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 41 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 97 43 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 2 addition addition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 3 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 4 recent recent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 5 studies study NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 6 show show VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 7 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 8 TRAF3 TRAF3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 9 plays play VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 10 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 11 crucial crucial JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 12 role role NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 13 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 14 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 15 MyD88-dependent MyD88-dependent NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 16 signaling signal VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 17 cascade cascade NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 19 Hacker Hacker NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 20 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 21 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 22 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 23 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 24 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 25 Oganesyan Oganesyan NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 26 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 27 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 28 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 29 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 98 31 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 1 Single single JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 2 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 3 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 4 DNA dna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 5 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 6 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 7 small small JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 8 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 9 compound compound NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 10 R848 r848 NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 11 had have VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 12 been be VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 13 shown show VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 14 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 15 induce induce VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 16 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 17 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 18 PDCs pdc NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 19 dependent dependent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 20 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 21 TLR9 TLR9 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 22 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 23 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 24 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 25 respectively respectively RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 27 Hemmi Hemmi NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 28 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 29 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 99 30 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 100 1 2000 2000 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 101 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 101 2 Hemmi Hemmi NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 101 3 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 101 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 101 5 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 101 6 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 101 7 2002 2002 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 102 1 Jurk Jurk NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 102 2 et et FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 102 3 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 102 4 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 103 1 2002 2002 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 103 2 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 103 3 Krug Krug NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 103 4 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 103 5 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 103 6 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 104 1 2001b 2001b CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 105 1 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 105 2 Rothenfusser Rothenfusser NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 105 3 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 105 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 105 5 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 105 6 2002 2002 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 105 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 105 8 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 106 1 TLR9 TLR9 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 106 2 detects detect VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 106 3 unmethylated unmethylate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 106 4 so so RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 106 5 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 106 6 called call VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 106 7 CpG cpg NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 106 8 motifs motif NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 106 9 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 106 10 single single RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 106 11 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 106 12 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 106 13 DNA dna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 106 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 106 15 Hemmi Hemmi NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 106 16 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 106 17 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 106 18 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 106 19 2000 2000 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 106 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 106 21 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 1 Different different JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 2 classes class NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 3 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 4 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 5 CpG CpG NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 6 oligodeoxynucleotides oligodeoxynucleotides NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 8 ODN ODN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 10 were be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 11 developed develop VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 12 based base VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 13 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 14 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 15 distinct distinct JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 16 effects effect NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 17 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 18 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 19 two two CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 20 TLR9-expressing tlr9-expresse VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 21 immune immune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 22 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 23 types type NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 24 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 25 PDCs pdc NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 26 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 27 B b NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 28 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 30 Hartmann Hartmann NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 31 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 32 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 33 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 34 2003 2003 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 107 35 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 108 1 Hartmann Hartmann NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 108 2 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 108 3 Krieg Krieg NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 108 4 2000 2000 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 108 5 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 108 6 Krug Krug NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 108 7 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 108 8 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 108 9 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 108 10 2001a 2001a CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 108 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 108 12 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 109 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 109 2 contrast contrast NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 109 3 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 109 4 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 109 5 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 109 6 both both DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 109 7 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 109 8 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 109 9 9 9 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 109 10 depend depend VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 109 11 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 109 12 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 109 13 signaling signal VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 109 14 adapter adapter NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 109 15 MyD88 MyD88 NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 109 16 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 110 1 Accordingly accordingly RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 110 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 110 3 PDCs pdc NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 110 4 derived derive VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 110 5 from from IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 110 6 TLR9-or TLR9-or NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 111 1 MyD88-deficient MyD88-deficient NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 111 2 mice mouse NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 111 3 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 111 4 unable unable JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 111 5 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 111 6 produce produce VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 111 7 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 112 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 112 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 112 3 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 112 4 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 112 5 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 112 6 DNA dna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 112 7 viruses virus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 112 8 such such JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 112 9 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 112 10 herpes herpes NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 112 11 simplex simplex NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 112 12 viruses virus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 112 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 112 14 HSV HSV NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 112 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 112 16 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 112 17 murine murine JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 112 18 cytomegalovirus cytomegalovirus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 112 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 112 20 MCMV MCMV NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 112 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 113 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 113 2 Krug Krug NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 113 3 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 113 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 113 5 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 114 1 2004a 2004a CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 115 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 115 2 Krug Krug NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 115 3 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 115 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 115 5 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 115 6 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 116 1 2004b 2004b CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 116 2 Lund Lund NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 116 3 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 116 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 116 5 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 117 1 2003 2003 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 117 2 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 117 3 Tabeta Tabeta NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 117 4 et et FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 117 5 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 117 6 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 117 7 2004 2004 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 117 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 117 9 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 118 1 While while IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 118 2 TLR9 TLR9 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 118 3 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 118 4 responsible responsible JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 118 5 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 118 6 detecting detect VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 118 7 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 118 8 DNA dna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 118 9 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 118 10 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 118 11 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 118 12 shown show VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 118 13 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 118 14 recognize recognize VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 118 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 118 16 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 1 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 2 detects detect VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 3 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 4 short short JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 6 20 20 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 7 - - SYM cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 8 27 27 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 9 bases basis NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 11 single single RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 12 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 13 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 16 Diebold Diebold NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 17 et et FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 18 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 19 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 20 2004 2004 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 21 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 22 Heil Heil NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 23 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 24 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 25 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 26 2004 2004 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 28 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 29 short short JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 30 interfering interfere VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 31 double double RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 32 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 33 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 34 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 36 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 119 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 120 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 120 2 Hornung Hornung NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 120 3 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 120 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 120 5 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 120 6 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 121 1 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 121 2 Judge Judge NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 121 3 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 121 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 121 5 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 122 1 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 122 2 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 122 3 Sioud Sioud NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 122 4 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 122 5 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 122 6 reviewed review VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 122 7 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 122 8 Schlee Schlee NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 122 9 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 122 10 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 122 11 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 122 12 2006 2006 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 122 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 122 14 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 123 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 123 2 amount amount NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 123 3 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 123 4 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 123 5 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 123 6 interferon interferon VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 123 7 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 123 8 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 123 9 dependent dependent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 123 10 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 123 11 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 123 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 123 13 sequence sequence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 123 14 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 1 Ironically ironically RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 3 Hornung Hornung NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 4 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 5 colleagues colleague NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 6 came come VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 7 across across IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 8 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 9 very very RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 10 potent potent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 11 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 12 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 13 interferon interferon VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 14 inducing induce VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 15 small small JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 17 sequence sequence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 18 core core NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 19 motif motif NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 21 5′-GUCCUUCAA-3′ 5′-guccuucaa-3′ CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 23 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 24 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 25 attempt attempt NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 26 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 27 knock knock VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 28 down down RP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 29 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 30 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 31 inducer inducer NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 32 TLR9 TLR9 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 33 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 34 PDCs pdc NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 35 using use VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 36 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 37 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 38 technology technology NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 40 Hornung Hornung NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 41 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 42 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 43 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 44 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 124 46 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 125 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 125 2 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 125 3 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 125 4 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 125 5 these these DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 125 6 siRNAs sirna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 125 7 induce induce VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 125 8 systemic systemic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 125 9 immune immune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 125 10 activation activation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 125 11 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 125 12 mice mouse NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 125 13 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 125 14 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 125 15 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 125 16 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 125 17 immunological immunological JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 125 18 activity activity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 125 19 required require VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 125 20 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 125 21 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 126 1 Of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 126 2 note note NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 126 3 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 126 4 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 126 5 same same JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 126 6 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 126 7 did do VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 126 8 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 126 9 induce induce VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 126 10 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 127 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 127 2 interferon interferon VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 127 3 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 127 4 immortalized immortalize VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 127 5 human human JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 127 6 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 127 7 kidney kidney NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 127 8 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 127 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 127 10 HEK293 HEK293 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 127 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 127 12 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 127 13 which which WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 127 14 produced produce VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 127 15 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 128 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 128 2 interferon interferon VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 128 3 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 128 4 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 128 5 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 128 6 poly poly NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 128 7 I I NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 128 8 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 128 9 C. c. NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 129 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 129 2 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 129 3 studies study NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 129 4 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 129 5 similar similar JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 129 6 findings finding NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 129 7 were be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 129 8 reported report VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 129 9 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 129 10 Judge Judge NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 129 11 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 129 12 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 129 13 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 130 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 130 2 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 130 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 131 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 131 2 identifying identify VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 131 3 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 131 4 core core NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 131 5 motif motif NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 131 6 5′-UGUGU-3′ 5′-ugugu-3′ CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 131 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 131 8 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 131 9 Sioud Sioud NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 131 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 131 11 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 131 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 131 13 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 2 all all DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 3 three three CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 4 studies study NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 5 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 6 transfection transfection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 7 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 8 cationic cationic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 9 lipids lipid NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 11 e.g. e.g. RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 12 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 13 DOTAP DOTAP NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 14 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 15 lipofectamine lipofectamine NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 17 or or CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 18 cationic cationic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 19 polymers polymer NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 21 e.g. e.g. RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 22 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 23 PEI PEI NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 24 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 25 polyethylenimine polyethylenimine NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 27 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 28 essential essential JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 29 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 30 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 31 immunological immunological JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 32 activity activity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 33 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 34 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 132 35 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 2 same same JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 3 applies apply VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 4 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 5 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 6 immunological immunological JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 7 activity activity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 8 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 9 single single RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 10 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 11 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 14 Diebold Diebold NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 15 et et FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 16 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 17 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 18 2004 2004 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 19 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 20 Heil Heil NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 21 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 22 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 23 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 24 2004 2004 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 25 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 26 Scheel Scheel NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 27 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 28 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 29 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 30 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 133 32 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 134 1 While while IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 134 2 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 134 3 short short JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 134 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 134 5 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 134 6 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 134 7 immunological immunological JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 134 8 activity activity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 134 9 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 134 10 clearly clearly RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 134 11 sequence sequence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 134 12 dependent dependent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 135 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 135 2 Hornung Hornung NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 135 3 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 135 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 135 5 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 135 6 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 1 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 2 Judge Judge NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 3 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 5 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 6 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 8 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 9 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 10 long long JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 12 molecules molecule NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 13 such such JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 14 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 15 mRNA mrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 16 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 17 sequence sequence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 18 specificity specificity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 19 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 20 immunological immunological JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 21 activity activity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 22 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 23 less less RBR cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 24 prominent prominent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 26 Scheel Scheel NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 27 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 28 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 29 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 30 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 136 32 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 137 1 This this DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 137 2 raises raise VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 137 3 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 137 4 question question NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 137 5 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 137 6 how how WRB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 137 7 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 137 8 immune immune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 137 9 system system NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 137 10 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 137 11 able able JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 137 12 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 137 13 distinguish distinguish VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 137 14 between between IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 137 15 self self NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 137 16 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 137 17 non non JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 137 18 - - JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 137 19 self self JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 137 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 137 21 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 137 22 example example NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 137 23 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 137 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 137 25 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 137 26 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 1 This this DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 2 question question NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 3 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 4 addressed address VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 5 recently recently RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 6 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 7 Kariko Kariko NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 8 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 9 colleagues colleague NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 11 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 13 who who WP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 14 showed show VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 15 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 16 human human JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 17 mitochondrial mitochondrial NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 19 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 20 when when WRB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 21 transfected transfecte VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 22 into into IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 23 monocyte monocyte NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 24 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 25 derived derive VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 26 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 27 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 28 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 29 provoked provoke VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 30 secretion secretion NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 31 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 32 TNF TNF NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 33 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 34 α α NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 35 at at IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 36 similar similar JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 37 quantities quantity NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 38 compared compare VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 39 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 40 total total JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 41 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 42 isolated isolate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 43 from from IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 44 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 45 coli coli NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 138 46 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 139 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 139 2 contrast contrast NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 139 3 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 139 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 139 5 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 139 6 other other JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 139 7 cellular cellular JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 139 8 compartments compartment NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 139 9 showed show VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 139 10 no no DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 139 11 immunological immunological JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 139 12 activity activity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 139 13 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 140 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 140 2 authors author NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 140 3 proposed propose VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 140 4 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 140 5 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 140 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 140 7 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 140 8 masked mask VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 140 9 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 140 10 naturally naturally RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 140 11 occurring occur VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 140 12 nucleoside nucleoside NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 140 13 modifications modification NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 140 14 that that WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 140 15 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 140 16 expected expect VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 140 17 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 140 18 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 140 19 similar similar JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 140 20 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 140 21 closely closely RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 140 22 related relate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 140 23 species specie NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 140 24 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 141 1 According accord VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 141 2 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 141 3 this this DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 141 4 concept concept NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 141 5 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 141 6 mitochondrial mitochondrial NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 141 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 141 8 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 141 9 stimulatory stimulatory JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 141 10 since since IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 141 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 141 12 resembles resemble VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 141 13 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 141 14 rather rather RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 141 15 than than IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 141 16 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 141 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 141 18 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 142 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 142 2 healthy healthy JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 142 3 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 142 4 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 142 5 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 142 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 142 7 will will MD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 142 8 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 142 9 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 142 10 released release VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 142 11 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 143 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 143 2 contrast contrast NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 143 3 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 143 4 other other JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 143 5 self self NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 143 6 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 143 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 143 8 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 143 9 mitochondrial mitochondrial NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 143 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 143 11 never never RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 143 12 enters enter VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 143 13 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 143 14 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 143 15 compartment compartment NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 143 16 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 144 1 As as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 144 2 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 144 3 consequence consequence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 144 4 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 144 5 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 144 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 144 7 under under IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 144 8 healthy healthy JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 144 9 conditions condition NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 144 10 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 144 11 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 144 12 detected detect VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 144 13 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 144 14 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 144 15 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 144 16 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 144 17 detection detection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 144 18 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 145 1 Only only RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 145 2 if if IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 145 3 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 145 4 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 145 5 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 145 6 lysed lyse VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 145 7 can can MD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 145 8 mitochondrial mitochondrial VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 145 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 145 10 enter enter VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 145 11 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 145 12 endosomal endosomal NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 145 13 compartment compartment NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 145 14 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 145 15 immune immune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 145 16 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 145 17 via via IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 145 18 phagocytosis phagocytosis NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 145 19 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 3 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 4 stimulatory stimulatory JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 5 effect effect NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 6 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 7 in in FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 8 vitro vitro FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 10 transcripts transcript NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 11 composed compose VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 12 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 13 unmodified unmodified JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 14 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 15 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 17 study study NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 18 could could MD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 19 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 20 abrogated abrogate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 21 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 22 incorporation incorporation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 23 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 24 modified modify VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 25 nucleosides nucleoside NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 26 such such JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 27 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 28 pseudouridine pseudouridine NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 29 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 30 5-methylcytidine 5-methylcytidine CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 31 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 32 N6-methyladenosine N6-methyladenosine NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 33 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 34 inosine inosine JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 35 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 36 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 37 N7methylguanosine N7methylguanosine NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 146 38 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 2 order order NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 3 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 4 examine examine VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 5 modification modification NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 6 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 7 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 8 different different JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 9 TLRs tlr NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 10 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 11 HEK293 HEK293 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 12 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 13 expressing express VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 14 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 15 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 16 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 17 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 18 TLR8 TLR8 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 19 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 20 or or CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 21 TLR9 TLR9 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 22 were be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 23 transfected transfecte VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 24 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 25 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 26 containing contain VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 27 modified modify VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 28 nucleosides nucleoside NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 147 29 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 1 Transfection transfection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 2 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 3 unmodified unmodified JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 4 RNAs rna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 5 stimulated stimulate VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 6 IL-8 il-8 NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 7 production production NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 9 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 10 readout readout NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 11 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 12 immunoactivation immunoactivation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 13 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 14 HEK293 HEK293 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 15 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 17 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 18 HEK293 HEK293 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 19 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 20 overexpressing overexpresse VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 21 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 22 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 23 7 7 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 24 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 25 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 26 8 8 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 148 27 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 4 recognition recognition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 5 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 6 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 7 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 8 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 9 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 10 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 11 TLR8 TLR8 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 12 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 13 suppressed suppress VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 14 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 15 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 16 presence presence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 17 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 18 different different JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 19 types type NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 20 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 21 modified modify VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 22 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 23 within within IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 24 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 25 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 26 ligand ligand NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 149 27 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 150 1 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 150 2 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 150 3 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 150 4 least least JJS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 150 5 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 150 6 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 150 7 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 150 8 regard regard NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 150 9 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 150 10 suppression suppression NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 150 11 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 150 12 nucleoside nucleoside JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 150 13 modifications modification NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 150 14 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 3 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 4 authors author NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 5 showed show VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 6 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 7 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 8 monocyte monocyte NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 9 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 10 derived derive VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 11 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 12 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 13 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 14 5%-10 5%-10 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 15 % % NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 16 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 17 modified modify VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 18 nucleosides nucleoside NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 19 were be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 20 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 21 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 22 inhibit inhibit VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 23 TNF TNF NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 24 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 25 α α VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 26 secretion secretion NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 27 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 28 75%-90 75%-90 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 29 % % NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 151 30 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 152 1 Together together RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 152 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 152 3 these these DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 152 4 results result NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 152 5 show show VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 152 6 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 152 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 152 8 modification modification NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 152 9 contributes contribute VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 152 10 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 152 11 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 152 12 distinction distinction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 152 13 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 152 14 self self NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 152 15 versus versus IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 152 16 non non JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 152 17 - - JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 152 18 self self JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 152 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 152 20 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 152 21 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 152 22 immune immune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 152 23 system system NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 152 24 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 153 1 Further further JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 153 2 insight insight NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 153 3 into into IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 153 4 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 153 5 properties property NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 153 6 that that WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 153 7 render render VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 153 8 RNA rna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 153 9 molecules molecule NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 153 10 stimulatory stimulatory JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 153 11 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 153 12 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 153 13 immune immune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 153 14 system system NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 153 15 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 153 16 driven drive VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 153 17 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 153 18 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 153 19 technology technology NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 153 20 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 154 1 Based base VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 154 2 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 154 3 studies study NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 154 4 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 154 5 Tuschl Tuschl NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 154 6 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 154 7 colleagues colleague NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 2 Elbashir Elbashir NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 3 et et FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 5 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 6 2001 2001 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 8 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 9 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 10 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 11 now now RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 12 used use VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 13 worldwide worldwide RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 14 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 15 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 16 robust robust JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 17 tool tool NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 18 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 19 target target NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 20 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 21 specific specific JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 22 gene gene NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 23 silencing silence VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 24 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 25 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 26 lines line NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 27 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 28 human human JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 29 primary primary JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 30 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 155 31 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 1 However however RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 3 depending depend VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 4 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 5 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 6 mode mode NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 7 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 8 synthesis synthesis NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 9 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 10 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 11 sequences sequence NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 12 used use VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 13 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 14 generate generate VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 15 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 16 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 17 also also RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 18 nonspecific nonspecific JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 19 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 20 so so RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 21 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 22 called call VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 23 nonspecific nonspecific JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 24 off off IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 25 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 26 target target NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 27 effects effect NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 28 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 29 siRNAs sirna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 30 were be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 31 observed observe VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 156 32 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 1 To to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 2 overcome overcome VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 3 limitations limitation NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 4 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 5 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 6 transfection transfection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 7 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 8 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 9 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 10 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 11 vectorbased vectorbased NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 13 e.g. e.g. RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 14 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 15 lentiviral lentiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 17 expression expression NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 18 systems system NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 19 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 20 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 21 introduction introduction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 22 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 23 short short JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 24 hairpin hairpin NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 25 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 27 shRNA shrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 29 mimicking mimic VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 30 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 31 were be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 157 32 developed develop VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 158 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 158 2 Brummelkamp Brummelkamp NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 158 3 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 158 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 158 5 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 159 1 2002 2002 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 159 2 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 159 3 Harborth Harborth NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 159 4 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 159 5 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 159 6 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 160 1 2003 2003 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 160 2 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 160 3 Paddison Paddison NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 160 4 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 160 5 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 160 6 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 160 7 2002 2002 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 160 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 160 9 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 161 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 161 2 most most RBS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 161 3 commonly commonly RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 161 4 used use VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 161 5 shRNA shrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 161 6 expression expression NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 161 7 system system NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 161 8 consists consist VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 161 9 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 161 10 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 161 11 RNA rna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 161 12 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 161 13 polymerase polymerase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 161 14 III iii CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 161 15 dependent dependent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 161 16 promoter promoter NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 161 17 driving drive VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 161 18 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 161 19 expression expression NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 161 20 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 161 21 two two CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 161 22 complementary complementary JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 161 23 19-to 19-to CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 162 1 29-bp 29-bp CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 162 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 162 3 sequences sequence NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 162 4 linked link VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 162 5 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 162 6 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 162 7 short short JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 162 8 loop loop NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 162 9 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 162 10 4 4 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 162 11 - - SYM cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 162 12 10 10 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 162 13 nt nt RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 162 14 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 163 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 163 2 resulting result VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 163 3 transcript transcript NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 163 4 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 163 5 exported export VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 163 6 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 163 7 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 163 8 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 163 9 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 163 10 processed process VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 163 11 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 163 12 dicer dicer NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 163 13 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 164 1 Lentiviral Lentiviral NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 164 2 vectors vector NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 164 3 haboring habore VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 164 4 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 164 5 Pol Pol NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 164 6 III III NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 164 7 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 164 8 shRNA shrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 164 9 expression expression NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 164 10 cassette cassette NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 164 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 164 12 Li Li NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 164 13 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 164 14 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 164 15 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 164 16 2003 2003 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 165 1 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 165 2 Rubinson Rubinson NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 165 3 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 165 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 165 5 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 166 1 2003 2003 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 166 2 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 166 3 Tiscornia Tiscornia NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 166 4 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 166 5 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 166 6 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 166 7 2003 2003 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 166 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 166 9 allow allow VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 166 10 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 166 11 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 166 12 mediated mediate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 166 13 gene gene NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 166 14 silencing silencing NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 166 15 via via IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 166 16 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 166 17 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 166 18 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 166 19 that that WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 166 20 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 166 21 otherwise otherwise RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 166 22 difficult difficult JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 166 23 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 166 24 transfect transfect VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 166 25 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 167 1 Sequence sequence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 167 2 specificity specificity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 167 3 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 167 4 gene gene NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 167 5 silencing silencing NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 167 6 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 167 7 such such JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 167 8 shRNA shrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 167 9 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 167 10 questioned question VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 167 11 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 167 12 Bridge Bridge NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 167 13 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 167 14 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 167 15 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 2 Bridge Bridge NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 3 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 5 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 6 2003 2003 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 8 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 9 who who WP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 10 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 11 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 12 infection infection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 13 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 14 human human JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 15 lung lung NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 16 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 17 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 18 Pol Pol NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 19 III III NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 20 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 21 shRNA shrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 22 containing contain VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 23 lentivirus lentivirus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 24 directed direct VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 25 against against IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 26 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 27 gene gene NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 28 MORF4L1 MORF4L1 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 29 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 30 only only RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 31 silenced silence VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 32 MORF4L1 MORF4L1 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 33 but but CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 34 also also RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 35 stimulated stimulate VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 36 interferoninducible interferoninducible JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 37 genes gene NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 38 such such JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 39 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 40 2′,5′-OAS 2′,5′-oas CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 41 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 42 an an DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 43 indicator indicator NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 44 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 45 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 46 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 47 interferon interferon VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 168 48 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 169 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 169 2 IFNinducing ifninducing NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 169 3 effect effect NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 169 4 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 169 5 dependent dependent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 169 6 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 169 7 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 169 8 sequence sequence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 169 9 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 169 10 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 169 11 dose dose NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 169 12 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 169 13 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 169 14 vector vector NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 169 15 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 169 16 seven seven CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 169 17 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 169 18 23 23 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 169 19 shRNAs shRNAs NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 169 20 targeting target VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 169 21 different different JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 169 22 genes gene NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 169 23 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 169 24 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 169 25 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 169 26 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 2 contrast contrast NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 3 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 4 transfection transfection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 5 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 6 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 7 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 8 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 9 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 10 same same JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 11 putative putative JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 12 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 13 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 14 inducing induce VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 15 sequences sequence NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 16 led lead VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 17 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 18 sequence sequence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 19 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 20 specific specific JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 21 silencing silencing NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 22 without without IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 23 triggering trigger VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 24 an an DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 25 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 26 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 170 27 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 171 1 Northern northern JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 171 2 blot blot NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 171 3 analysis analysis NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 171 4 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 171 5 shRNA shrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 171 6 showed show VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 171 7 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 171 8 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 171 9 majority majority NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 171 10 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 171 11 shRNA shrna CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 171 12 transcripts transcript NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 171 13 were be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 171 14 correctly correctly RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 171 15 processed process VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 171 16 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 171 17 20 20 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 171 18 nt nt NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 171 19 transcripts transcript NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 171 20 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 172 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 172 2 authors author NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 172 3 speculated speculate VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 172 4 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 172 5 remaining remain VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 172 6 unprocessed unprocessed JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 172 7 transcripts transcript NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 172 8 could could MD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 172 9 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 172 10 detected detect VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 172 11 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 172 12 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 172 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 172 14 sensing sensing NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 172 15 receptors receptor NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 172 16 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 2 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 3 follow follow NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 4 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 5 up up NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 6 paper paper NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 7 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 8 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 9 group group NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 10 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 11 Iggo Iggo NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 13 Pebernard Pebernard NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 14 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 15 Iggo Iggo NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 16 2004 2004 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 18 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 19 further further RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 20 correlated correlate VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 21 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 22 U6 U6 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 23 promoter promoter NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 24 sequence sequence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 25 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 26 OAS OAS NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 27 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 173 28 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 1 This this DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 2 study study NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 3 revealed reveal VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 4 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 5 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 6 region region NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 7 between between IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 8 -2 -2 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 10 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 11 end end NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 12 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 13 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 14 promoter promoter NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 16 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 17 +2 +2 LS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 19 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 20 start start NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 21 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 23 transcript transcript NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 25 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 26 crucial crucial JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 27 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 28 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 29 immune immune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 30 stimulatory stimulatory JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 31 effect effect NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 32 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 33 which which WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 34 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 35 lost lose VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 36 when when WRB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 37 they -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 38 used use VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 39 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 40 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 41 human human JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 42 sequence sequence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 44 CCGA CCGA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 174 46 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 1 Further further JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 2 mutations mutation NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 3 leading lead VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 4 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 5 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 6 partial partial JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 7 mismatch mismatch NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 8 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 9 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 10 shRNA shrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 12 predicted predict VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 13 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 14 create create VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 15 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 16 14-bp 14-bp CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 17 duplex duplex NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 19 suggested suggest VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 20 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 21 stimulation stimulation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 22 required require VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 23 more more RBR cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 24 than than IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 25 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 26 14-bp 14-bp CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 27 duplex duplex NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 175 28 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 1 William´s william´s JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 2 group group NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 4 Sledz Sledz NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 5 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 6 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 7 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 8 2003 2003 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 10 described describe VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 11 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 12 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 13 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 14 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 15 target target NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 16 genes gene NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 17 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 18 transfection transfection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 19 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 20 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 21 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 22 into into IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 23 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 24 human human JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 25 glioblastoma glioblastoma NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 26 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 27 line line NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 29 T98 T98 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 30 G G NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 32 or or CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 33 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 34 renal renal JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 35 carcinoma carcinoma NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 36 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 37 line line NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 39 RCC RCC NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 176 41 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 1 When when WRB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 2 comparing compare VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 3 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 4 two two CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 5 studies study NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 6 from from IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 7 Bridge Bridge NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 8 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 9 colleagues colleague NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 10 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 11 from from IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 12 Sledz Sledz NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 13 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 14 colleagues colleague NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 15 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 17 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 18 important important JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 19 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 20 note note VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 21 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 22 different different JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 23 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 24 lines line NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 26 Bridge Bridge NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 27 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 28 human human JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 29 lung lung NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 30 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 31 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 32 Sledz Sledz NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 33 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 34 RCC RCC NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 35 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 36 T98 T98 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 37 G G NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 39 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 40 different different JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 41 ways way NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 42 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 43 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 44 generation generation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 46 Bridge Bridge NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 47 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 48 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 49 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 50 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 51 shRNAs shRNAs NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 52 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 53 Sledz Sledz NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 54 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 55 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 56 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 57 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 58 T7-phage t7-phage NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 59 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 60 polymerase polymerase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 61 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 63 were be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 64 used use VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 177 65 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 1 Using use VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 2 mouse mouse NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 3 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 4 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 6 MEFs MEFs NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 8 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 9 different different JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 10 gene gene NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 11 deficiencies deficiency NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 12 related relate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 13 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 14 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 15 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 16 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 17 system system NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 18 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 19 Sledz Sledz NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 20 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 21 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 22 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 23 proposed propose VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 24 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 25 PKR PKR NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 26 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 27 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 28 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 29 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 30 inducing induce VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 31 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 32 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 33 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 178 34 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 1 Later later RBR cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 3 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 4 same same JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 5 group group NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 6 postulated postulate VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 7 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 8 different different JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 9 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 10 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 12 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 13 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 14 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 15 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 16 see see VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 17 below below RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 19 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 20 T98 T98 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 21 G G NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 22 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 24 Marques Marques NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 25 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 26 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 27 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 28 2006 2006 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 179 30 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 180 1 Of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 180 2 note note VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 180 3 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 180 4 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 180 5 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 180 6 two two CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 180 7 studies study NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 180 8 published publish VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 180 9 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 180 10 Bridge Bridge NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 180 11 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 180 12 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 180 13 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 181 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 181 2 2003 2003 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 181 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 181 4 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 181 5 Sledz Sledz NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 181 6 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 181 7 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 181 8 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 182 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 182 2 2003 2003 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 182 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 182 4 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 182 5 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 182 6 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 182 7 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 182 8 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 182 9 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 182 10 analyzed analyze VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 182 11 at at IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 182 12 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 182 13 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 182 14 level level NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 182 15 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 183 1 Kariko Kariko NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 183 2 et et FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 183 3 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 183 4 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 184 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 184 2 2004a 2004a CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 184 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 184 4 suggested suggest VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 184 5 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 184 6 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 184 7 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 184 8 responsible responsible JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 184 9 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 184 10 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 184 11 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 184 12 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 184 13 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 185 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 185 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 185 3 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 185 4 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 185 5 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 1 These these DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 2 data datum NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 3 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 4 based base VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 5 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 6 keratinocyte keratinocyte NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 8 HaCaT HaCaT NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 10 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 11 HEK HEK NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 12 293 293 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 13 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 14 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 15 which which WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 16 responded respond VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 17 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 18 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 19 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 20 but but CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 21 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 22 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 23 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 24 singlestranded singlestrande VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 25 components component NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 27 ssRNA ssrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 29 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 30 secretion secretion NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 31 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 32 low low JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 33 amounts amount NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 34 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 35 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 36 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 37 β β NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 38 that that WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 39 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 40 comparable comparable JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 41 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 42 stimulation stimulation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 43 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 186 44 poly poly NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 187 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 187 2 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 188 1 C. C. NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 188 2 Overexpression Overexpression NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 188 3 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 188 4 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 188 5 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 188 6 HEK HEK NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 188 7 293 293 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 188 8 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 188 9 resulted result VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 188 10 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 188 11 fourfold fourfold JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 188 12 higher high JJR cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 188 13 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 188 14 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 188 15 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 189 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 189 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 189 3 secretion secretion NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 189 4 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 189 5 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 189 6 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 189 7 transfected transfecte VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 189 8 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 189 9 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 190 1 However however RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 190 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 190 3 overexpression overexpression NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 190 4 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 190 5 NF nf NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 190 6 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 190 7 κB κB NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 190 8 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 190 9 inducing induce VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 190 10 receptors receptor NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 190 11 such such JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 190 12 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 190 13 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 190 14 may may MD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 190 15 also also RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 190 16 contribute contribute VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 190 17 indirectly indirectly RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 190 18 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 190 19 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 190 20 enhanced enhanced JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 190 21 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 191 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 191 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 191 3 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 191 4 induced induce VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 191 5 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 191 6 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 191 7 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 191 8 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 191 9 example example NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 191 10 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 191 11 upregulating upregulate VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 191 12 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 191 13 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 191 14 inducible inducible JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 191 15 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 191 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 191 17 receptors receptor NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 191 18 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 1 For for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 2 example example NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 3 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 4 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 5 overexpressing overexpresse VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 6 HEK HEK NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 7 293 293 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 8 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 9 secrete secrete VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 10 more more JJR cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 11 IL-8 il-8 NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 12 than than IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 13 empty empty JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 14 vector vector NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 15 or or CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 16 TLR9 TLR9 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 17 overexpressing overexpresse VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 18 HEK HEK NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 19 293 293 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 20 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 22 Kariko Kariko NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 23 et et FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 24 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 25 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 26 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 28 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 29 consequently consequently RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 30 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 31 such such JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 32 studies study NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 33 do do VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 34 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 35 necessarily necessarily RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 36 provide provide VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 37 evidence evidence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 38 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 39 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 40 direct direct JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 41 interaction interaction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 42 between between IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 43 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 44 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 45 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 192 46 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 193 1 Kim Kim NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 193 2 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 193 3 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 193 4 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 194 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 194 2 2004 2004 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 194 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 194 4 showed show VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 194 5 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 194 6 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 194 7 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 194 8 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 194 9 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 195 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 195 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 195 3 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 195 4 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 195 5 depended depend VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 195 6 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 195 7 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 195 8 use use NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 195 9 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 195 10 T7-RNA T7-RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 195 11 polymerase polymerase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 195 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 195 13 T7 T7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 195 14 RNAP RNAP NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 195 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 195 16 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 195 17 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 195 18 generation generation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 195 19 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 196 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 196 2 contrast contrast NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 196 3 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 196 4 Bridge Bridge NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 196 5 et et FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 196 6 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 196 7 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 197 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 197 2 2003 2003 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 197 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 197 4 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 197 5 Sledz Sledz NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 197 6 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 197 7 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 197 8 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 2 2003 2003 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 4 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 5 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 6 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 7 study study NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 8 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 9 Kim Kim NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 10 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 11 colleagues colleague NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 12 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 13 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 14 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 15 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 16 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 17 measured measure VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 18 at at IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 19 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 20 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 21 level level NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 22 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 23 which which WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 24 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 25 less less RBR cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 26 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 27 than than IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 28 measuring measure VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 29 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 30 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 31 dependent dependent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 32 responses response NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 33 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 34 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 35 transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 36 level level NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 37 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 38 thus thus RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 39 underscores underscore VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 40 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 41 magnitude magnitude NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 42 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 43 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 44 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 45 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 46 they -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 47 reported report VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 198 48 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 199 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 199 2 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 199 3 study study NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 199 4 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 199 5 Kim Kim NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 199 6 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 199 7 colleagues colleague NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 199 8 examined examine VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 199 9 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 199 10 targeting target VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 199 11 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 199 12 early early JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 199 13 ICP4 icp4 JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 199 14 gene gene NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 199 15 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 199 16 HSV-1 HSV-1 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 199 17 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 200 1 Only only RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 200 2 T7 T7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 200 3 RNAP RNAP NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 200 4 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 200 5 derived derive VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 200 6 transcripts transcript NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 200 7 but but CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 200 8 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 200 9 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 200 10 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 200 11 elicited elicit VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 200 12 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 200 13 potent potent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 200 14 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 200 15 activity activity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 200 16 when when WRB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 200 17 transfected transfecte VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 200 18 into into IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 200 19 HEK HEK NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 200 20 293 293 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 200 21 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 200 22 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 201 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 201 2 same same JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 201 3 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 201 4 activity activity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 201 5 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 201 6 observed observe VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 201 7 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 201 8 transfection transfection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 201 9 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 201 10 T7 t7 NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 201 11 transcripts transcript NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 201 12 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 201 13 unrelated unrelated JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 201 14 sequences sequence NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 201 15 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 202 1 Analysis analysis NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 202 2 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 202 3 supernatants supernatant NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 202 4 revealed reveal VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 202 5 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 202 6 presence presence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 202 7 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 202 8 substantial substantial JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 202 9 amounts amount NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 202 10 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 202 11 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 202 12 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 202 13 α α NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 202 14 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 202 15 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 202 16 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 202 17 β β NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 202 18 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 202 19 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 203 1 These these DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 203 2 results result NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 203 3 were be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 203 4 reproduced reproduce VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 203 5 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 203 6 HeLa HeLa NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 203 7 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 203 8 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 203 9 as as RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 203 10 well well RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 203 11 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 203 12 K562 k562 XX cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 203 13 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 203 14 CEM CEM NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 203 15 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 203 16 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 203 17 Jurkat Jurkat NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 203 18 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 203 19 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 204 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 204 2 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 204 3 well well RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 204 4 known know VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 204 5 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 204 6 unlike unlike IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 204 7 capped cap VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 204 8 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 204 9 mRNA mrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 204 10 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 204 11 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 204 12 5′ 5′ CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 204 13 ends end NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 204 14 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 204 15 T7 T7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 204 16 transcripts transcript NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 204 17 harbor harbor VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 204 18 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 204 19 triphosphate triphosphate NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 204 20 GTP gtp NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 204 21 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 204 22 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 204 23 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 1 Treatment treatment NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 2 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 3 T7 t7 NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 4 transcripts transcript NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 5 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 6 RNase RNase NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 7 T1 T1 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 9 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 10 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 11 5′ 5′ CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 12 end end NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 13 p p NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 14 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 15 GGG GGG NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 16 removed remove VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 17 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 18 which which WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 19 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 20 single single RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 21 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 22 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 23 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 24 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 25 case case NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 27 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 28 alkaline alkaline JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 29 phosphatase phosphatase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 30 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 31 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 32 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 33 completely completely RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 34 abrogate abrogate VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 35 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 36 -inducing -inducing NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 37 activity activity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 205 38 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 206 1 Additional additional JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 206 2 experiments experiment NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 206 3 using use VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 206 4 T3 T3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 206 5 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 206 6 Sp6 Sp6 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 206 7 phage phage NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 206 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 206 9 polymerases polymerase NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 206 10 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 206 11 similar similar JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 206 12 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 206 13 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 206 14 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 206 15 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 206 16 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 206 17 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 207 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 207 2 examination examination NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 207 3 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 207 4 multiple multiple JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 207 5 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 207 6 lines line NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 207 7 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 207 8 Kim Kim NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 207 9 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 207 10 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 207 11 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 208 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 208 2 2004 2004 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 208 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 208 4 pointed point VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 208 5 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 208 6 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 208 7 powerful powerful JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 208 8 ubiquitously ubiquitously RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 208 9 expressed express VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 208 10 sensor sensor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 208 11 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 208 12 short short JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 208 13 triphosphate triphosphate NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 208 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 208 15 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 1 Yoneyama Yoneyama NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 2 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 3 colleagues colleague NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 4 identified identify VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 5 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 6 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 7 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 8 inducing induce VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 9 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 10 DexD/ DexD/ NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 11 H H NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 12 box box NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 14 helicase helicase NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 15 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 16 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 17 I I NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 18 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 19 containing contain VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 20 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 21 caspase caspase JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 22 recruitment recruitment NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 23 domain domain NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 25 CARD card NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 28 Yoneyama Yoneyama NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 29 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 30 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 31 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 32 2004 2004 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 209 34 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 210 1 Expression expression NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 210 2 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 210 3 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 210 4 CARD card NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 210 5 domain domain NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 210 6 sensitized sensitize VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 210 7 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 210 8 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 210 9 activate activate VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 210 10 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 210 11 transcription transcription NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 210 12 factor factor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 210 13 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 210 14 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 210 15 leading lead VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 210 16 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 210 17 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 210 18 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 210 19 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 210 20 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 210 21 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 210 22 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 210 23 β β NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 210 24 promoter promoter NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 210 25 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 1 Later later RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 2 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 4 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 5 shown show VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 6 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 7 this this DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 8 pathway pathway NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 9 involves involve VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 10 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 11 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 12 kinase kinase NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 13 TBK1 TBK1 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 14 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 15 which which WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 16 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 17 activated activate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 18 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 19 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 20 newly newly RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 21 characterized characterize VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 22 adaptor adaptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 23 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 24 IPS-1 IPS-1 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 25 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 26 also also RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 27 known know VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 28 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 29 Cardif Cardif NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 30 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 31 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 32 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 33 or or CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 34 VISA VISA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 36 Kawai Kawai NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 37 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 38 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 39 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 40 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 41 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 42 Meylan Meylan NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 43 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 44 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 45 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 46 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 47 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 48 Seth Seth NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 49 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 50 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 51 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 52 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 53 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 54 Xu Xu NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 55 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 56 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 57 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 58 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 59 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 60 reviewed review VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 61 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 62 Sen Sen NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 63 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 64 Sarkar Sarkar NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 65 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 66 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 211 67 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 212 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 212 2 overexpression overexpression NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 212 3 experiments experiment NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 212 4 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 212 5 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 212 6 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 212 7 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 212 8 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 212 9 shown show VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 212 10 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 212 11 bind bind VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 212 12 poly poly NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 213 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 213 2 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 213 3 C. c. NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 1 However however RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 3 overexpression overexpression NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 4 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 5 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 6 dominant dominant JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 7 negative negative JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 8 mutant mutant NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 9 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 10 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 11 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 12 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 13 impaired impair VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 14 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 15 activation activation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 16 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 17 Newcastle Newcastle NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 18 disease disease NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 19 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 21 NDV NDV NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 23 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 24 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 25 negative negative JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 26 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 27 strand strand NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 28 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 29 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 30 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 31 while while IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 32 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 33 activation activation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 34 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 35 poly poly NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 36 I I NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 37 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 38 C C NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 39 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 40 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 41 inhibited inhibit VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 214 42 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 215 1 Subsequent subsequent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 215 2 studies study NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 215 3 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 215 4 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 2 -/mice -/mice VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 3 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 4 MEFs mef NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 5 showed show VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 6 no no DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 7 defect defect NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 8 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 9 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 10 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 11 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 12 poly poly NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 13 I I NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 14 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 15 C. C. NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 16 Hornung Hornung NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 17 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 18 colleagues colleague NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 20 2006 2006 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 22 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 23 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 24 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 25 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 26 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 27 detects detect VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 28 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 29 vitro vitro FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 30 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 31 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 216 32 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 1 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 2 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 3 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 4 triphosphate triphosphate NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 5 at at IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 6 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 7 5′ 5′ CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 8 end end NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 10 now now RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 11 termed term VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 12 3pRNA 3prna CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 14 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 15 which which WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 16 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 17 generated generate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 18 during during IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 19 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 20 vitro vitro FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 21 transcription transcription NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 22 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 23 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 24 identified identify VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 25 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 26 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 27 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 28 ligand ligand NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 29 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 30 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 31 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 217 32 I. i. NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 218 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 218 2 minimal minimal JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 218 3 length length NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 218 4 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 218 5 3pRNA 3prna CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 218 6 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 218 7 19 19 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 218 8 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 218 9 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 219 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 219 2 activity activity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 219 3 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 219 4 3pRNA 3prna CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 219 5 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 219 6 independent independent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 219 7 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 219 8 double double JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 219 9 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 219 10 strand strand NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 219 11 formation formation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 219 12 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 1 Both both DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 2 exogenous exogenous JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 3 3pRNA 3pRNA NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 4 transfected transfecte VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 5 into into IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 6 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 7 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 8 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 9 endogenously endogenously RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 10 formed form VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 11 3pRNA 3prna CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 13 expression expression NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 14 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 15 T7 T7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 17 polymerase polymerase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 19 activated activate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 20 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 21 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 22 I. I. NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 23 Genomic Genomic NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 24 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 25 prepared prepare VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 26 from from IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 27 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 28 negative negative JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 29 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 30 strand strand NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 31 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 32 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 33 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 34 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 35 prepared prepare VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 36 from from IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 37 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 38 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 39 infected infect VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 40 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 41 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 42 but but CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 43 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 44 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 45 from from IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 46 noninfected noninfected JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 47 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 48 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 49 triggered trigger VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 50 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 51 potent potent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 52 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 53 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 54 α α NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 55 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 56 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 57 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 58 5′-triphosphate 5′-triphosphate CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 59 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 60 dependent dependent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 61 manner manner NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 220 62 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 221 1 Binding binding NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 221 2 studies study NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 221 3 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 221 4 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 221 5 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 221 6 I I NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 221 7 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 221 8 3pRNA 3pRNA NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 221 9 revealed reveal VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 221 10 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 221 11 direct direct JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 221 12 molecular molecular JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 221 13 interaction interaction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 221 14 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 2 5′ 5′ CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 3 capping cap VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 4 or or CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 5 incorporation incorporation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 6 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 7 modified modify VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 8 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 9 such such JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 10 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 11 pseudouridine pseudouridine NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 12 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 13 2-thiouridine 2-thiouridine CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 14 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 15 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 16 2′-O 2′-o CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 17 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 18 methylated methylate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 19 uridine uridine NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 20 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 21 place place NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 22 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 23 uridine uridine NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 24 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 25 short short JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 26 3pRNA 3prna CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 27 strongly strongly RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 28 diminished diminish VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 29 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 30 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 31 α α NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 32 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 222 33 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 223 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 223 2 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 223 3 parallel parallel JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 223 4 study study NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 223 5 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 223 6 Pichlmair Pichlmair NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 223 7 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 223 8 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 223 9 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 2 2006 2006 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 4 attributed attribute VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 5 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 6 inhibitory inhibitory JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 7 effect effect NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 8 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 9 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 10 influenza influenza NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 11 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 12 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 13 NS1 NS1 VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 14 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 16 binding binding NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 17 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 18 inhibition inhibition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 19 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 20 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 21 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 22 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 23 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 24 triphosphate triphosphate NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 25 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 26 complex complex NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 224 27 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 225 1 These these DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 225 2 results result NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 225 3 provide provide VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 225 4 evidence evidence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 225 5 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 225 6 uncapped uncapped JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 225 7 unmodified unmodified JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 225 8 3pRNA 3pRNA NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 225 9 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 225 10 detected detect VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 225 11 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 225 12 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 225 13 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 225 14 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 225 15 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 225 16 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 225 17 cytosol cytosol NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 225 18 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 225 19 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 225 20 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 225 21 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 226 1 Of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 226 2 note note VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 226 3 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 226 4 all all DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 226 5 primer primer NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 226 6 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 226 7 independent independent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 226 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 226 9 transcripts transcript NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 226 10 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 226 11 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 226 12 normal normal JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 226 13 uninfected uninfected JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 226 14 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 226 15 initially initially RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 226 16 contain contain VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 226 17 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 226 18 5′-triphosphate 5′-triphosphate CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 226 19 end end NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 226 20 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 227 1 However however RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 227 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 227 3 most most JJS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 227 4 if if IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 227 5 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 227 6 all all DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 227 7 self self NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 227 8 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 227 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 227 10 species specie NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 227 11 entering enter VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 227 12 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 227 13 cytosol cytosol NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 227 14 lack lack VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 227 15 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 227 16 free free JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 227 17 5′triphosphate 5′triphosphate CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 227 18 end end NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 227 19 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 1 Before before IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 2 self self NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 3 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 5 leaves leave VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 6 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 7 nucleus nucleus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 8 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 10 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 11 further far RBR cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 12 processed process VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 13 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 14 which which WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 15 applies apply VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 16 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 18 transcripts transcript NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 19 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 20 all all DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 21 three three CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 22 DNA dna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 23 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 24 dependent dependent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 25 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 26 polymerases polymerase NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 28 pol pol NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 30 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 31 eukaryotes eukaryote NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 228 32 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 229 1 Pol Pol NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 229 2 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 229 3 transcribes transcribe VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 229 4 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 229 5 large large JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 229 6 polycistronic polycistronic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 229 7 precursor precursor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 229 8 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 229 9 ribosomal ribosomal NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 229 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 229 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 229 12 rRNA rRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 229 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 229 14 that that WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 229 15 contains contain VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 229 16 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 229 17 sequences sequence NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 229 18 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 229 19 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 229 20 mature mature JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 229 21 rRNAs rrna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 230 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 230 2 18 18 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 230 3 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 230 4 5.8S 5.8s CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 230 5 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 230 6 25 25 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 230 7 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 230 8 28S 28S NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 230 9 rRNA rRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 230 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 230 11 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 230 12 two two CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 230 13 external external JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 230 14 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 230 15 spacers spacer NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 230 16 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 230 17 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 230 18 two two CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 230 19 internal internal JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 230 20 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 230 21 spacers spacer NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 230 22 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 231 1 This this DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 231 2 primary primary JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 231 3 transcript transcript NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 231 4 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 231 5 subjected subject VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 231 6 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 231 7 endo endo NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 231 8 - - , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 231 9 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 231 10 exonucleolytic exonucleolytic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 231 11 processing processing NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 231 12 steps step NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 231 13 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 231 14 produce produce VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 231 15 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 231 16 mature mature JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 231 17 rRNAs rrna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 231 18 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 232 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 232 2 net net JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 232 3 result result NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 232 4 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 232 5 this this DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 232 6 maturation maturation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 232 7 process process NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 232 8 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 232 9 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 232 10 monophosphate monophosphate NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 232 11 group group NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 232 12 at at IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 232 13 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 232 14 5′ 5′ CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 232 15 end end NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 232 16 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 232 17 all all DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 232 18 pol pol NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 232 19 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 232 20 transcribed transcribe VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 232 21 rRNAs rrna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 233 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 233 2 Fromont Fromont NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 233 3 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 233 4 Racine Racine NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 233 5 et et FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 233 6 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 233 7 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 233 8 2003 2003 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 233 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 233 10 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 1 Messenger Messenger NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 2 RNAs rna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 4 mRNAs mrnas CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 6 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 7 small small JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 8 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 9 RNAs rna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 11 snRNAs snRNAs NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 13 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 14 which which WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 15 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 16 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 17 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 18 pol pol NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 19 II II NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 20 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 21 receive receive VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 22 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 23 7-methyl 7-methyl CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 24 guanosine guanosine NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 25 group group NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 26 that that WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 27 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 28 attached attach VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 29 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 30 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 31 5′-triphosphate 5′-triphosphate CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 32 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 33 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 34 nascent nascent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 35 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 36 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 37 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 38 process process NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 39 called call VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 40 capping cap VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 42 Shatkin Shatkin NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 43 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 44 Manley Manley NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 45 2000 2000 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 234 47 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 235 1 Thus thus RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 235 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 235 3 upon upon IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 235 4 export export NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 235 5 into into IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 235 6 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 235 7 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 235 8 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 235 9 no no DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 235 10 free free JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 235 11 triphosphate triphosphate NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 235 12 groups group NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 235 13 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 235 14 found find VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 235 15 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 235 16 pol pol NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 235 17 II II NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 235 18 transcripts transcript NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 235 19 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 236 1 All all DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 236 2 mature mature VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 236 3 tRNAs trna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 237 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 237 2 pol pol NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 237 3 III III NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 237 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 237 5 have have VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 237 6 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 237 7 5′-monophosphate 5′-monophosphate CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 237 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 237 9 Xiao Xiao NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 237 10 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 237 11 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 237 12 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 237 13 2002 2002 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 237 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 237 15 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 237 16 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 237 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 237 18 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 237 19 likely likely JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 237 20 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 237 21 apply apply VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 237 22 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 237 23 5S 5S NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 237 24 rRNA rRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 237 25 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 238 1 U6 U6 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 238 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 238 3 receives receive VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 238 4 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 238 5 γ γ NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 238 6 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 238 7 monomethylphosphate monomethylphosphate NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 238 8 cap cap NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 238 9 structure structure NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 238 10 following follow VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 238 11 transcription transcription NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 238 12 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 1 However however RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 3 7SL 7SL NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 6 pol pol NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 7 III III NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 9 has have VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 10 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 11 triphosphate triphosphate NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 12 at at IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 13 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 14 5′ 5′ CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 15 end end NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 16 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 17 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 18 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 19 present present JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 20 at at IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 21 high high JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 22 copy copy NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 23 numbers number NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 24 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 25 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 26 cytosol cytosol NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 239 27 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 3 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 4 presence presence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 5 or or CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 6 absence absence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 7 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 8 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 9 5′ 5′ CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 10 triphosphate triphosphate NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 11 might may MD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 12 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 13 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 14 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 15 only only JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 16 structural structural JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 17 feature feature NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 18 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 20 responsible responsible JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 21 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 22 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 23 distinction distinction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 24 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 25 self self NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 26 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 27 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 28 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 240 29 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 241 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 241 2 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 241 3 well well RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 241 4 known know VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 241 5 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 241 6 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 241 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 241 8 undergoes undergo VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 241 9 significant significant JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 241 10 modifications modification NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 241 11 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 241 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 241 13 nucleosides nucleoside NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 241 14 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 241 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 241 16 ribose ribose NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 241 17 backbone backbone NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 241 18 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 1 Among among IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 2 all all DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 3 nucleoside nucleoside NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 4 modifications modification NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 5 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 6 pseudouridinylation pseudouridinylation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 7 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 8 one one CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 9 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 10 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 11 most most RBS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 12 common common JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 13 post post JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 14 - - JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 15 transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 16 modifications modification NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 17 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 19 that that WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 20 appears appear VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 21 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 22 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 23 universal universal JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 24 among among IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 25 rRNAs rrna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 26 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 27 small small JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 28 stable stable JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 29 RNAs rna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 30 such such JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 31 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 32 splicing splice VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 33 small small JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 34 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 35 RNAs rna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 37 snRNAs snRNAs NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 39 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 40 tRNAs trna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 41 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 42 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 43 small small JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 44 nucleolar nucleolar JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 45 RNAs rna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 47 snoRNAs snoRNAs NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 242 49 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 243 1 However however RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 243 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 243 3 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 243 4 frequency frequency NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 243 5 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 243 6 location location NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 243 7 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 243 8 pseudouridinylated pseudouridinylate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 243 9 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 243 10 vary vary VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 243 11 phylogenetically phylogenetically RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 243 12 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 244 1 Intriguingly intriguingly RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 244 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 244 3 eukaryotes eukaryote NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 244 4 contain contain VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 244 5 far far RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 244 6 more more JJR cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 244 7 nucleoside nucleoside NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 244 8 modifications modification NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 244 9 within within IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 244 10 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 244 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 244 12 species specie NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 244 13 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 1 Human human JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 2 ribosomal ribosomal NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 4 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 5 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 6 example example NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 7 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 8 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 9 major major JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 10 constituent constituent NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 11 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 12 cellular cellular JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 14 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 15 contains contain VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 16 ten ten CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 17 times time NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 18 more more JJR cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 19 pseudouridine pseudouridine NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 20 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 21 25 25 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 22 times time NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 23 more more JJR cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 24 2-O 2-o CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 25 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 26 methylated methylate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 27 nucleosides nucleoside NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 28 than than IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 29 E. E. NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 30 coli coli VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 31 rRNA rrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 33 Rozenski Rozenski NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 34 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 35 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 36 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 37 1999 1999 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 245 39 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 246 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 246 2 same same JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 246 3 applies apply VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 246 4 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 246 5 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 246 6 tRNAs trna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 246 7 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 246 8 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 246 9 most most RBS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 246 10 heavily heavily RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 246 11 modified modify VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 246 12 subgroup subgroup NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 246 13 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 246 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 246 15 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 246 16 up up IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 246 17 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 246 18 25 25 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 246 19 % % NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 246 20 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 246 21 modified modify VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 246 22 nucleosides nucleoside NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 246 23 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 2 host host NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 3 machinery machinery NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 4 that that WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 5 guides guide VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 6 nucleoside nucleoside JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 7 modifications modification NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 8 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 9 2′-O 2′-o CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 10 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 11 methylation methylation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 12 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 13 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 14 ribose ribose NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 15 backbone backbone NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 16 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 17 located locate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 18 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 19 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 20 nucleolus nucleolus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 21 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 22 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 23 consists consist VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 24 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 25 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 26 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 27 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 28 complexes complex NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 29 containing contain VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 30 snoRNAs snoRNAs NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 31 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 32 several several JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 33 associated associate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 34 proteins protein NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 36 snoRNPs snornps RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 247 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 248 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 248 2 Decatur Decatur NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 248 3 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 248 4 Fournier Fournier NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 248 5 2003 2003 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 248 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 248 7 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 249 1 Information information NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 249 2 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 249 3 nucleolus nucleolus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 249 4 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 249 5 specific specific JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 249 6 nucleoside nucleoside NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 249 7 modifications modification NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 249 8 or or CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 249 9 ribose ribose NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 249 10 2′-O 2′-o CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 249 11 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 249 12 methylation methylation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 249 13 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 249 14 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 249 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 249 16 genomes genome NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 249 17 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 249 18 limited limited JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 249 19 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 1 Since since IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 2 most most JJS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 4 viruses virus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 5 do do VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 6 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 7 replicate replicate VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 8 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 9 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 10 nucleus nucleus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 11 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 12 modification modification NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 13 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 14 tightly tightly RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 15 confined confine VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 16 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 17 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 18 sequence sequence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 19 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 20 structure structure NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 21 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 23 target target NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 24 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 25 extensive extensive JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 26 modification modification NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 27 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 28 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 29 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 30 seems seem VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 31 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 250 32 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 1 Altogether altogether RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 3 post post JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 4 - - JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 5 transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 6 modifications modification NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 7 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 8 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 10 such such JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 11 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 12 5′ 5′ CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 13 processing processing NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 14 or or CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 15 capping capping NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 16 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 17 as as RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 18 well well RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 19 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 20 nucleoside nucleoside NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 21 modifications modification NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 22 or or CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 23 ribose ribose NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 24 backbone backbone NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 25 methylation methylation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 26 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 27 provide provide VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 28 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 29 molecular molecular JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 30 basis basis NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 31 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 32 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 33 distinction distinction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 34 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 35 self self NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 36 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 37 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 38 generated generate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 39 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 40 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 41 nucleus nucleus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 42 from from IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 43 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 44 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 45 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 46 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 47 origin origin NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 48 containing contain VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 49 5′-triphosphate 5′-triphosphate CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 51 3pRNA 3prna CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 251 53 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 252 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 252 2 mRNAs mrna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 252 3 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 252 4 viruses virus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 252 5 infecting infect VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 252 6 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 252 7 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 252 8 also also RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 252 9 commonly commonly RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 252 10 contain contain VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 252 11 7-methyl 7-methyl CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 252 12 guanosine guanosine NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 252 13 cap cap NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 252 14 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 252 15 structures structure NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 252 16 at at IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 252 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 252 18 5′ 5′ CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 252 19 ends end NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 252 20 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 252 21 poly(A poly(a JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 252 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 253 1 tails tail NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 253 2 at at IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 253 3 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 253 4 3′ends 3′ends CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 253 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 253 6 Furuichi Furuichi NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 253 7 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 253 8 Shatkin Shatkin NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 253 9 2000 2000 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 253 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 253 11 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 254 1 Some some DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 254 2 viruses virus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 254 3 make make VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 254 4 use use NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 254 5 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 254 6 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 254 7 host host NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 254 8 transcription transcription NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 254 9 machinery machinery NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 254 10 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 254 11 acquire acquire VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 254 12 caps cap NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 254 13 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 254 14 poly(A poly(a JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 254 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 254 16 tails tail NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 254 17 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 1 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 2 viruses virus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 3 that that WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 4 do do VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 5 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 6 rely rely VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 7 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 8 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 9 host host NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 10 transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 11 machinery machinery NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 12 produce produce VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 14 own own JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 15 capping cap VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 16 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 17 or or CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 18 utilize utilize VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 19 other other JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 20 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 21 such such JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 22 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 23 snatching snatch VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 24 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 25 5′terminal 5′terminal CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 26 regions region NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 27 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 28 host host NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 29 mRNAs mrnas CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 255 30 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 256 1 Despite despite IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 256 2 these these DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 256 3 adaptations adaptation NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 256 4 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 256 5 viruses virus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 256 6 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 256 7 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 256 8 host host NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 256 9 transcriptional transcriptional NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 256 10 system system NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 256 11 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 256 12 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 256 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 256 14 synthesis synthesis NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 256 15 leads lead VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 256 16 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 256 17 transient transient JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 256 18 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 256 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 256 20 intermediates intermediate NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 256 21 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 256 22 an an DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 256 23 uncapped uncapped JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 256 24 5′-triphosphate 5′-triphosphate CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 256 25 end end NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 256 26 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 1 With with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 2 notable notable JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 3 exceptions exception NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 4 such such JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 5 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 6 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 7 Picornavirus Picornavirus NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 8 family family NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 10 see see VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 11 below below RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 13 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 14 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 16 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 17 dependent dependent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 19 polymerases polymerase NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 21 RdRp RdRp NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 23 initiate initiate VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 24 polymerase polymerase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 25 activity activity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 26 de de NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 27 novo novo NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 28 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 29 without without IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 30 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 31 specific specific JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 32 primer primer NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 34 Kao Kao NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 35 et et FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 36 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 37 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 38 2001 2001 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 257 40 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 258 1 As as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 258 2 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 258 3 consequence consequence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 258 4 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 258 5 these these DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 258 6 RdRp rdrp NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 258 7 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 258 8 dependent dependent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 258 9 transcripts transcript NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 258 10 start start VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 258 11 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 258 12 an an DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 258 13 uncapped uncapped JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 258 14 5′-triphosphate 5′-triphosphate CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 258 15 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 1 This this DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 2 has have VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 3 been be VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 4 studied study VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 5 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 6 great great JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 7 detail detail NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 8 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 9 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 10 replication replication NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 11 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 12 positive positive JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 13 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 14 strand strand NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 16 viruses virus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 17 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 18 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 19 family family NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 20 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 21 Flaviviridae Flaviviridae NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 23 including include VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 24 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 25 genera genera NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 26 Flavivirus Flavivirus NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 27 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 28 Pestivirus Pestivirus NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 29 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 30 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 31 Hepacivirus Hepacivirus NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 33 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 34 members member NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 35 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 36 all all DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 37 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 38 these these DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 39 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 40 genera genus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 41 were be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 42 reported report VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 43 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 44 being be VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 45 recognized recognize VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 46 via via IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 47 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 48 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 49 I i NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 51 Honda Honda NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 52 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 53 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 259 54 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 260 1 1998 1998 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 260 2 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 260 3 Kato Kato NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 260 4 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 260 5 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 260 6 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 261 1 2006 2006 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 261 2 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 261 3 Sumpter Sumpter NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 261 4 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 261 5 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 261 6 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 261 7 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 261 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 261 9 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 1 Segmented segmented JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 2 NSV NSV NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 3 rely rely VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 4 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 5 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 6 cap cap NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 7 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 8 snatched snatch VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 9 primer primer NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 10 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 11 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 12 transcription transcription NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 13 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 14 yet yet CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 15 initiate initiate VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 16 genomic genomic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 17 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 18 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 19 complementary complementary JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 20 antigenomic antigenomic NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 21 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 22 replication replication NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 23 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 24 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 25 primer primer NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 26 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 27 independent independent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 28 de de FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 29 novo novo NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 30 mechanism mechanism NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 31 resulting result VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 32 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 33 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 34 5′-triphosphateinitiated 5′-triphosphateinitiated CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 35 transcript transcript NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 37 Honda Honda NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 38 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 39 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 40 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 41 1998 1998 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 42 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 43 Neumann Neumann NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 44 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 45 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 46 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 47 2004 2004 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 262 49 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 1 NSV NSV NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 2 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 3 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 4 nonsegmented nonsegmente VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 5 genome genome NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 7 order order NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 8 Mononegavirales Mononegavirales NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 10 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 11 including include VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 12 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 13 Paramyxoviruses Paramyxoviruses NNPS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 14 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 15 Rhabdoviruses Rhabdoviruses NNPS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 16 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 17 initiate initiate VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 18 both both DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 19 replication replication NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 20 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 21 transcription transcription NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 22 de de NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 23 novo novo NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 24 leading lead VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 25 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 26 5′-triphosphate 5′-triphosphate CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 27 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 28 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 29 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 30 cytosol cytosol NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 263 31 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 1 Both both DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 2 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 3 full full JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 4 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 5 length length NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 6 replication replication NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 7 products product NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 8 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 9 vRNA vrna JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 10 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 11 cRNA cRNA NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 12 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 13 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 14 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 15 short short JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 16 leader leader NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 18 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 19 which which WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 20 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 21 abundantly abundantly RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 22 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 23 during during IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 24 initiation initiation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 25 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 26 transcription transcription NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 27 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 28 maintain maintain VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 29 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 30 5′triphosphate 5′triphosphate CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 32 Colonno Colonno NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 33 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 34 Banerjee Banerjee NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 35 1978 1978 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 36 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 37 Whelan Whelan NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 38 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 39 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 40 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 41 2004 2004 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 43 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 44 while while IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 45 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 46 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 47 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 48 encoded encode VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 49 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 50 transcripts transcript NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 51 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 52 further further RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 53 modified modify VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 54 at at IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 55 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 56 5′ 5′ CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 57 ends end NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 58 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 59 capping cap VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 60 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 61 cap cap NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 62 methylation methylation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 264 63 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 265 1 Consequently consequently RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 265 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 265 3 genomic genomic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 265 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 265 5 from from IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 265 6 NSVs nsv NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 265 7 per per IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 265 8 se se FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 265 9 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 265 10 expected expect VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 265 11 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 265 12 trigger trigger VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 265 13 an an DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 265 14 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 265 15 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 265 16 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 265 17 without without IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 265 18 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 265 19 need need NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 265 20 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 265 21 replication replication NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 265 22 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 265 23 presumed presume VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 265 24 dsRNA dsrna JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 265 25 formation formation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 265 26 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 266 1 Consistent consistent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 266 2 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 266 3 this this DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 266 4 notion notion NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 266 5 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 266 6 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 266 7 only only RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 266 8 live live VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 266 9 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 266 10 but but CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 266 11 also also RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 266 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 266 13 purified purify VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 266 14 from from IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 266 15 NSV NSV NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 266 16 virions virion NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 266 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 266 18 VSV VSV NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 266 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 266 20 has have VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 266 21 been be VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 266 22 shown show VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 266 23 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 266 24 trigger trigger VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 266 25 strong strong JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 266 26 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 267 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 267 2 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 267 3 responses response NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 267 4 depending depend VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 267 5 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 267 6 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 267 7 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 267 8 I i NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 267 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 267 10 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 1 Hornung hornung NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 2 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 3 colleagues colleague NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 4 confirmed confirm VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 5 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 6 extended extend VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 7 these these DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 8 observations observation NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 9 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 10 demonstrating demonstrate VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 11 that that DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 12 dephosphorylation dephosphorylation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 13 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 14 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 15 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 17 isolates isolate NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 18 completely completely RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 19 abolished abolish VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 20 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 21 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 22 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 23 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 24 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 25 thereby thereby RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 26 indicating indicate VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 27 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 28 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 29 5′-triphosphate 5′-triphosphate CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 30 moiety moiety NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 31 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 32 strictly strictly RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 33 required require VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 34 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 35 recognition recognition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 268 36 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 1 A a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 2 notable notable JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 3 exception exception NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 4 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 5 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 6 viruses virus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 7 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 8 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 9 Picornavirus Picornavirus NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 10 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 11 like like JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 12 supergroup supergroup NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 14 picornavirus picornavirus NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 15 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 16 potyvirus potyvirus NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 17 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 18 comovirus comovirus NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 19 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 20 calicivirus calicivirus NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 21 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 22 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 23 other other JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 24 viruses virus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 26 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 27 which which WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 28 exclusively exclusively RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 29 employs employ VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 30 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 31 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 32 known know VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 33 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 34 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 35 genome genome NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 36 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 37 linked link VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 38 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 40 VPg VPg NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 42 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 43 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 44 primer primer NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 45 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 46 both both DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 47 positive positive JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 48 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 49 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 50 negative negative JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 51 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 52 strand strand NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 53 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 54 production production NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 269 55 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 1 This this DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 2 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 3 primer primer NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 4 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 5 part part NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 6 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 7 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 8 precursor precursor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 9 RdRp RdRp NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 10 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 11 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 12 cleaved cleave VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 13 off off RP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 14 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 15 elongation elongation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 16 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 17 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 18 initial initial JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 19 complex complex NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 20 occurs occur VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 21 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 22 usually usually RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 23 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 24 become become VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 25 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 26 5′-genome 5′-genome CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 27 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 28 linked link VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 29 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 31 Lee Lee NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 32 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 33 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 34 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 35 1977 1977 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 270 37 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 271 1 Thus thus RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 271 2 during during IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 271 3 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 271 4 life life NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 271 5 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 271 6 cycle cycle NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 271 7 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 271 8 Picornaviruses Picornaviruses NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 271 9 uncapped uncapped JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 271 10 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 271 11 triphosphorylated triphosphorylated JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 271 12 5′ 5′ NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 271 13 ends end NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 271 14 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 271 15 absent absent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 271 16 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 272 1 Consequently consequently RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 272 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 272 3 based base VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 272 4 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 272 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 272 6 studies study NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 272 7 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 272 8 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 272 9 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 272 10 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 272 11 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 272 12 expected expect VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 272 13 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 272 14 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 272 15 involved involve VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 272 16 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 272 17 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 272 18 detection detection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 272 19 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 272 20 Flaviviridae Flaviviridae NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 272 21 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 272 22 NSV nsv NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 272 23 but but CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 272 24 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 272 25 Picornaviruses Picornaviruses NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 272 26 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 273 1 This this DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 273 2 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 273 3 confirmed confirm VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 273 4 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 273 5 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 273 6 recent recent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 273 7 study study NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 273 8 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 274 1 A a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 274 2 number number NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 274 3 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 274 4 studies study NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 274 5 suggested suggest VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 274 6 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 274 7 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 274 8 helicases helicase NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 274 9 MDA-5 MDA-5 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 274 10 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 274 11 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 274 12 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 274 13 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 274 14 recognize recognize VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 274 15 dsRNA dsRNA . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 275 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 275 2 Andrejeva Andrejeva NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 275 3 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 275 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 275 5 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 276 1 2004 2004 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 276 2 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 276 3 Rothenfusser Rothenfusser NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 276 4 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 276 5 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 276 6 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 277 1 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 277 2 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 277 3 Yoneyama Yoneyama NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 277 4 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 277 5 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 277 6 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 277 7 2004 2004 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 277 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 277 9 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 2 results result NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 3 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 4 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 5 work work NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 6 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 7 Hornung Hornung NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 8 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 9 colleagues colleague NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 11 2006 2006 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 13 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 14 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 15 double double JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 16 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 17 strand strand NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 18 formation formation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 19 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 20 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 21 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 22 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 23 required require VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 24 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 25 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 26 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 27 I I NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 28 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 29 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 30 interaction interaction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 31 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 32 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 33 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 34 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 35 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 36 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 37 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 38 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 39 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 40 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 41 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 42 activation activation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 278 43 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 279 1 These these DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 279 2 results result NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 279 3 further further RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 279 4 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 279 5 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 279 6 MDA-5 MDA-5 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 279 7 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 279 8 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 279 9 involved involve VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 279 10 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 279 11 5′-triphosphate 5′-triphosphate CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 279 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 279 13 recognition recognition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 279 14 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 1 Although although IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 2 there there EX cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 3 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 4 convincing convincing JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 5 evidence evidence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 6 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 7 MDA-5 MDA-5 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 8 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 9 activated activate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 10 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 11 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 12 long long JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 13 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 14 mimic mimic VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 15 poly poly NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 16 I i NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 17 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 18 C C NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 19 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 20 activation activation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 21 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 22 MDA-5 MDA-5 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 23 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 24 natural natural JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 25 long long JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 26 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 27 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 28 still still RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 29 controversial controversial JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 280 30 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 1 Taken take VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 2 together together RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 3 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 4 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 5 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 6 so so RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 7 far far RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 8 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 9 only only JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 10 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 11 that that WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 12 induces induce VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 13 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 14 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 15 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 16 upon upon IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 17 binding bind VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 18 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 19 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 20 natural natural JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 21 molecule molecule NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 22 long long JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 23 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 24 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 25 but but CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 26 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 27 contribution contribution NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 28 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 29 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 30 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 31 type type VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 32 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 33 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 34 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 35 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 36 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 37 clearance clearance NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 38 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 39 vivo vivo NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 40 seems seem VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 41 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 42 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 281 43 weak weak JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 282 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 282 2 Rudd Rudd NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 282 3 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 282 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 282 5 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 282 6 2006 2006 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 282 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 282 8 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 1 There there EX cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 2 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 3 good good JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 4 evidence evidence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 5 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 6 short short JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 7 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 8 such such JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 9 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 10 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 11 generated generate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 12 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 13 Dicermediated Dicermediated NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 14 cleavage cleavage NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 15 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 16 long long JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 17 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 18 does do VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 19 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 20 elicit elicit VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 21 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 22 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 23 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 24 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 25 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 26 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 27 nonimmune nonimmune NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 283 28 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 284 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 284 2 Elbashir Elbashir NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 284 3 et et FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 284 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 284 5 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 285 1 2001 2001 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 285 2 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 285 3 Hornung Hornung NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 285 4 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 285 5 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 285 6 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 286 1 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 286 2 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 286 3 Kim Kim NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 286 4 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 286 5 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 286 6 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 286 7 2004 2004 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 286 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 286 9 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 1 A a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 2 recent recent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 3 study study NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 4 suggests suggest VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 5 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 6 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 7 two two CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 8 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 9 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 10 overhang overhang NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 11 at at IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 12 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 13 3′ 3′ CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 14 end end NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 15 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 16 dicer dicer NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 17 cleavage cleavage NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 18 products product NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 19 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 20 essential essential JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 21 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 22 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 23 lack lack NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 24 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 25 immunorecognition immunorecognition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 26 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 27 short short NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 287 28 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 288 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 288 2 Marques Marques NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 288 3 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 288 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 288 5 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 288 6 2006 2006 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 288 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 288 8 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 289 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 289 2 same same JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 289 3 study study NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 289 4 proposed propose VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 289 5 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 289 6 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 289 7 blunt blunt JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 289 8 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 289 9 end end NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 289 10 short short JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 289 11 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 289 12 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 289 13 recognized recognize VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 289 14 via via IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 289 15 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 289 16 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 289 17 I. i. NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 290 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 290 2 conclusion conclusion NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 290 3 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 290 4 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 290 5 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 290 6 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 290 7 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 290 8 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 290 9 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 290 10 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 290 11 blunt blunt JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 290 12 end end NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 290 13 short short JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 290 14 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 290 15 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 290 16 based base VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 290 17 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 290 18 experiments experiment NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 290 19 using use VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 290 20 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 2 overexpression overexpression VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 3 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 4 using use VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 5 anti anti JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 6 - - JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 7 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 8 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 9 I I NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 10 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 12 short short NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 13 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 14 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 15 two two CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 16 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 17 nucleotide nucleotide NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 18 3′overhangs 3′overhangs CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 20 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 21 top top NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 22 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 23 stimulation stimulation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 24 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 25 blunt blunt JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 26 end end NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 27 short short JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 28 dsRNA dsrna JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 29 stimulation stimulation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 291 30 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 292 1 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 292 2 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 292 3 I i NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 292 4 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 292 5 deficient deficient JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 292 6 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 292 7 have have VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 292 8 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 292 9 been be VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 292 10 examined examine VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 292 11 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 292 12 this this DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 292 13 study study NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 292 14 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 293 1 This this DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 293 2 experimental experimental JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 293 3 design design NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 293 4 does do VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 293 5 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 293 6 provide provide VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 293 7 clear clear RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 293 8 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 293 9 cut cut VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 293 10 evidence evidence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 293 11 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 293 12 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 293 13 primary primary JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 293 14 involvement involvement NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 293 15 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 293 16 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 293 17 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 293 18 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 293 19 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 293 20 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 294 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 294 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 294 3 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 294 4 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 294 5 blunt blunt JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 294 6 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 294 7 end end NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 294 8 short short JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 294 9 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 294 10 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 295 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 295 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 295 3 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 295 4 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 295 5 study study NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 295 6 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 295 7 Hornung Hornung NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 295 8 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 295 9 colleagues colleague NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 295 10 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 295 11 5′ 5′ CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 295 12 triphosphate triphosphate NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 295 13 blunt blunt JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 295 14 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 295 15 end end NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 295 16 RNA rna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 295 17 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 295 18 5′ 5′ CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 295 19 triphosphate triphosphate NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 295 20 2-nt 2-nt CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 295 21 overhang overhang NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 1 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 2 showed show VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 3 identical identical JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 4 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 5 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 6 I i NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 7 ligand ligand NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 8 activity activity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 9 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 10 suggesting suggest VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 11 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 12 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 13 molecular molecular JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 14 feature feature NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 15 2-nt 2-nt CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 16 overhang overhang NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 17 does do VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 18 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 19 inhibit inhibit VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 20 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 21 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 22 I i NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 23 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 24 mediated mediate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 25 recognition recognition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 296 27 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 297 1 MDA-5 MDA-5 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 297 2 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 297 3 structurally structurally RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 297 4 related relate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 297 5 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 297 6 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 297 7 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 297 8 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 297 9 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 297 10 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 297 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 297 12 also also RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 297 13 contains contain VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 297 14 two two CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 297 15 CARD card NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 297 16 domains domain NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 297 17 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 297 18 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 297 19 helicase helicase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 297 20 domain domain NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 297 21 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 298 1 MDA-5 MDA-5 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 298 2 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 298 3 originally originally RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 298 4 identified identify VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 298 5 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 298 6 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 298 7 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 298 8 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 298 9 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 298 10 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 298 11 inducible inducible JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 298 12 molecule molecule NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 298 13 mediating mediate VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 298 14 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 298 15 cycle cycle NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 298 16 arrest arrest NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 298 17 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 298 18 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 298 19 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 298 20 melanoma melanoma NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 298 21 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 298 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 299 1 hence hence RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 299 2 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 299 3 name name NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 299 4 melanoma melanoma NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 299 5 differentiation differentiation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 299 6 antigen antigen NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 299 7 5 5 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 299 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 300 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 300 2 Kang Kang NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 300 3 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 300 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 300 5 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 301 1 2002 2002 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 302 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 302 2 Kang Kang NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 302 3 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 302 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 302 5 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 302 6 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 303 1 2004 2004 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 303 2 Kovacsovics Kovacsovics NNPS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 303 3 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 303 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 303 5 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 303 6 2002 2002 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 303 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 303 8 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 304 1 A a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 304 2 first first JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 304 3 indication indication NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 304 4 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 304 5 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 304 6 role role NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 304 7 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 304 8 MDA-5 MDA-5 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 304 9 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 304 10 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 304 11 recognition recognition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 304 12 came come VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 304 13 from from IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 304 14 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 304 15 observation observation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 304 16 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 304 17 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 304 18 paramyxoviral paramyxoviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 304 19 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 304 20 that that WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 304 21 mediated mediate VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 304 22 immune immune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 304 23 evasion evasion NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 304 24 bound bind VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 304 25 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 304 26 MDA-5 MDA-5 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 305 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 305 2 Andrejeva Andrejeva NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 305 3 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 305 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 305 5 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 305 6 2004 2004 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 305 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 305 8 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 306 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 306 2 overexpression overexpression NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 306 3 experiments experiment NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 306 4 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 306 5 MDA-5 MDA-5 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 306 6 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 306 7 shown show VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 306 8 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 306 9 bind bind VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 306 10 poly poly NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 307 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 307 2 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 307 3 C C NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 307 4 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 307 5 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 307 6 enhanced enhance VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 307 7 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 307 8 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 307 9 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 307 10 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 307 11 poly poly NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 307 12 I I NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 307 13 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 307 14 C C NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 307 15 as as RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 307 16 well well RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 307 17 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 307 18 several several JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 307 19 viruses virus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 307 20 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 308 1 Conversely conversely RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 308 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 308 3 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 308 4 mediated mediate VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 308 5 knock knock NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 308 6 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 308 7 down down RP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 308 8 blocked block VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 308 9 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 309 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 309 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 309 3 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 309 4 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 309 5 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 309 6 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 309 7 these these DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 309 8 stimuli stimulus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 309 9 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 1 MDA-5 MDA-5 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 2 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 3 then then RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 4 shown show VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 5 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 6 play play VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 7 an an DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 8 essential essential JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 9 role role NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 10 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 11 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 12 detection detection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 13 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 14 Picornaviruses Picornaviruses NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 15 such such JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 16 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 17 encephalomyocarditis encephalomyocarditis NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 18 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 20 EMCV EMCV NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 22 or or CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 23 Theiler Theiler NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 24 's 's POS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 25 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 27 Gitlin Gitlin NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 28 et et FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 29 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 310 30 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 311 1 2006 2006 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 311 2 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 311 3 Kato Kato NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 311 4 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 311 5 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 311 6 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 311 7 2006 2006 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 311 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 311 9 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 312 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 312 2 addition addition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 312 3 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 312 4 mice mouse NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 312 5 deficient deficient JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 312 6 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 312 7 MDA-5 MDA-5 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 312 8 were be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 312 9 found find VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 312 10 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 312 11 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 312 12 highly highly RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 312 13 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 312 14 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 312 15 EMCV EMCV NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 312 16 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 1 Although although IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 2 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 3 nature nature NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 4 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 5 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 6 natural natural JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 8 ligand ligand NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 9 that that WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 10 engages engage VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 11 MDA-5 MDA-5 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 12 has have VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 13 so so RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 14 far far RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 15 remained remain VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 16 obscure obscure JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 17 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 18 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 19 surprising surprising JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 20 observation observation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 21 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 22 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 23 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 24 derived derive VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 25 from from IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 26 MDA-5-deficient MDA-5-deficient NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 27 mice mice NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 28 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 29 as as RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 30 well well RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 31 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 32 MDA-5 MDA-5 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 33 -/mice -/mice ADD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 34 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 35 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 36 vivo vivo NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 37 were be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 38 found find VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 39 unable unable JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 40 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 41 mount mount VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 42 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 313 43 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 314 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 314 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 314 3 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 314 4 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 314 5 poly poly NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 2 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 3 C C NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 4 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 5 establishing establish VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 6 MDA-5 MDA-5 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 7 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 8 rather rather RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 9 than than IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 10 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 11 several several JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 12 other other JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 13 receptors receptor NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 14 that that WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 15 bind bind VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 16 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 17 or or CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 18 have have VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 19 been be VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 20 shown show VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 21 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 22 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 23 activated activate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 24 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 25 poly poly NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 26 I I NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 27 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 28 C C NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 29 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 30 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 31 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 32 dominant dominant JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 33 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 34 mediating mediate VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 35 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 36 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 37 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 38 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 315 39 poly poly NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 316 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 316 2 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 316 3 C C NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 316 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 316 5 Gitlin Gitlin NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 316 6 et et FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 316 7 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 316 8 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 316 9 2006 2006 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 316 10 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 316 11 Kato Kato NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 316 12 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 316 13 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 316 14 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 316 15 2006 2006 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 316 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 316 17 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 317 1 However however RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 317 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 317 3 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 317 4 natural natural JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 317 5 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 317 6 ligand ligand NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 317 7 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 317 8 MDA-5 MDA-5 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 317 9 has have VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 317 10 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 317 11 yet yet RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 317 12 been be VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 317 13 identified identify VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 317 14 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 318 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 318 2 addition addition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 318 3 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 318 4 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 318 5 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 318 6 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 318 7 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 318 8 MDA-5 MDA-5 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 318 9 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 318 10 another another DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 318 11 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 318 12 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 318 13 may may MD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 318 14 exist exist VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 318 15 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 318 16 detecting detect VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 318 17 DNA dna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 318 18 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 319 1 Until until IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 319 2 recently recently RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 319 3 TLR9 TLR9 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 319 4 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 319 5 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 319 6 only only JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 319 7 innate innate JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 319 8 sensor sensor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 319 9 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 319 10 detecting detect VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 319 11 microbial microbial JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 319 12 DNA dna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 319 13 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 1 Recent recent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 2 studies study NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 3 indicate indicate VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 4 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 5 DNA DNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 6 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 7 detected detect VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 8 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 9 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 10 cytosol cytosol NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 11 independently independently RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 12 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 13 TLR9 TLR9 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 15 Okabe Okabe NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 16 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 17 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 18 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 19 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 20 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 21 Stetson Stetson NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 22 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 23 Medzhitov Medzhitov NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 24 2006 2006 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 26 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 27 but but CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 28 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 29 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 30 has have VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 31 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 32 been be VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 33 identified identify VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 34 yet yet RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 320 35 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 321 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 321 2 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 321 3 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 321 4 mediating mediate VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 321 5 recognition recognition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 321 6 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 321 7 B b NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 321 8 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 321 9 form form NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 321 10 DNA dna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 321 11 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 321 12 unlike unlike IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 321 13 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 321 14 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 321 15 I I NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 321 16 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 321 17 MDA-5 MDA-5 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 321 18 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 321 19 signals signal NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 321 20 independently independently RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 321 21 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 321 22 IPS-1 IPS-1 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 321 23 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 322 1 As as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 322 2 discussed discuss VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 322 3 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 322 4 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 322 5 previous previous JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 322 6 sections section NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 322 7 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 322 8 immune immune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 322 9 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 322 10 nonimmune nonimmune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 322 11 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 322 12 types type NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 322 13 express express VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 322 14 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 322 15 patterns pattern NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 322 16 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 322 17 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 322 18 acid acid NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 322 19 receptors receptor NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 322 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 322 21 Table table NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 322 22 1 1 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 322 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 322 24 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 1 For for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 2 example example NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 3 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 4 Melchjorsen Melchjorsen NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 5 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 6 colleagues colleague NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 7 reported report VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 8 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 9 activation activation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 10 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 11 innate innate JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 12 defense defense NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 13 against against IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 14 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 15 paramyxovirus paramyxovirus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 16 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 17 mediated mediate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 18 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 19 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 20 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 21 I I NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 22 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 23 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 24 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 25 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 26 TLR8 TLR8 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 27 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 28 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 29 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 30 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 31 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 32 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 33 specific specific JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 323 34 manner manner NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 324 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 324 2 Melchjorsen Melchjorsen NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 324 3 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 324 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 324 5 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 324 6 2005 2005 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 324 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 324 8 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 325 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 325 2 found find VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 325 3 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 325 4 nonimmune nonimmune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 325 5 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 325 6 relied rely VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 325 7 entirely entirely RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 325 8 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 325 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 325 10 recognition recognition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 325 11 through through IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 325 12 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 325 13 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 325 14 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 325 15 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 325 16 activation activation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 325 17 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 325 18 an an DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 325 19 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 325 20 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 325 21 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 326 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 326 2 contrast contrast NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 326 3 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 326 4 immune immune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 326 5 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 326 6 such such JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 326 7 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 326 8 myeloid myeloid NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 326 9 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 326 10 utilized utilize VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 326 11 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 326 12 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 326 13 TLR8 TLR8 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 326 14 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 1 Unlike unlike IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 2 Modifications modification NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 3 that that WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 4 have have VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 5 been be VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 6 shown show VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 7 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 8 prevent prevent VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 9 detection detection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 10 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 11 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 12 receptors receptor NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 13 indicated indicate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 14 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 15 that that WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 16 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 17 frequently frequently RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 18 found find VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 19 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 20 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 21 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 22 acids acid NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 23 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 24 nonimmune nonimmune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 25 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 26 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 27 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 28 sensing sensing NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 29 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 30 paramyxovirus paramyxovirus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 31 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 32 infected infect VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 33 myeloid myeloid NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 34 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 35 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 36 independent independent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 37 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 38 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 39 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 40 I I NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 41 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 42 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 43 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 44 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 45 PKR PKR NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 327 46 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 328 1 Kato Kato NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 328 2 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 328 3 colleagues colleague NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 328 4 also also RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 328 5 found find VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 328 6 celltype celltype NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 328 7 specific specific JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 328 8 involvement involvement NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 328 9 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 328 10 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 328 11 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 328 12 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 328 13 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 328 14 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 328 15 immune immune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 328 16 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 328 17 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 2 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 3 study study NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 4 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 5 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 6 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 7 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 8 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 9 both both DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 10 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 11 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 12 myeloid myeloid JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 13 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 14 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 15 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 16 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 17 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 18 I i NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 19 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 20 dependent dependent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 21 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 22 while while IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 23 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 24 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 25 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 26 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 27 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 28 PDC PDC NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 29 was be VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 30 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 31 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 32 I i NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 33 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 34 independent independent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 329 35 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 2 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 3 important important JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 4 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 5 note note VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 6 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 7 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 8 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 9 used use VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 10 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 12 sensing sensing NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 13 may may MD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 14 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 15 only only RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 16 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 17 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 18 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 19 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 20 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 21 dependent dependent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 22 but but CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 23 may may MD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 24 also also RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 25 depend depend VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 26 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 27 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 28 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 29 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 30 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 31 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 32 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 33 strategy strategy NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 34 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 35 enter enter VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 36 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 37 target target NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 38 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 39 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 40 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 41 evade evade VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 42 immune immune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 43 recognition recognition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 330 44 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 2 contrast contrast NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 3 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 4 recognition recognition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 5 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 6 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 8 or or CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 9 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 11 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 12 from from IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 13 vector vector NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 14 systems system NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 15 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 16 more more RBR cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 17 predictable predictable JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 18 because because IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 19 there there EX cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 20 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 21 no no DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 22 immune immune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 23 evasion evasion NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 24 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 25 because because IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 26 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 27 mode mode NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 28 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 29 delivery delivery NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 30 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 31 known know VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 331 32 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 332 1 Of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 332 2 note note NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 332 3 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 332 4 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 332 5 use use NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 332 6 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 332 7 cationic cationic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 332 8 lipids lipid NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 332 9 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 332 10 polycationes polycationes NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 332 11 leads lead VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 332 12 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 332 13 both both DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 332 14 endosomal endosomal JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 332 15 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 332 16 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 332 17 delivery delivery NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 333 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 333 2 Almofti Almofti NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 333 3 et et FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 333 4 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 333 5 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 334 1 2003 2003 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 334 2 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 334 3 Boussif Boussif NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 334 4 et et FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 334 5 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 334 6 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 334 7 1995 1995 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 334 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 1 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 2 thus thus RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 3 both both DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 4 TLR TLR NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 5 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 6 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 7 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 8 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 9 I i NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 10 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 11 mediated mediate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 13 sensing sensing NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 14 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 15 triggered trigger VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 16 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 17 provided provide VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 18 these these DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 19 receptors receptor NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 20 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 21 expressed express VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 22 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 23 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 24 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 25 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 26 examined examine VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 27 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 28 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 29 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 30 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 31 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 32 ligand ligand NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 33 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 34 delivered deliver VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 335 35 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 336 1 Of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 336 2 note note NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 336 3 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 336 4 subcellular subcellular JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 336 5 localization localization NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 336 6 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 336 7 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 336 8 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 336 9 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 336 10 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 336 11 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 336 12 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 336 13 specific specific JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 336 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 336 15 Matsumoto Matsumoto NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 336 16 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 336 17 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 336 18 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 336 19 2003 2003 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 336 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 336 21 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 337 1 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 337 2 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 337 3 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 337 4 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 337 5 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 337 6 located locate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 337 7 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 337 8 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 337 9 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 337 10 surface surface NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 337 11 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 337 12 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 337 13 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 337 14 TLR3-mediated tlr3-mediated JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 337 15 activity activity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 337 16 can can MD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 337 17 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 337 18 blocked block VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 337 19 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 337 20 anti anti JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 337 21 - - JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 337 22 TLR3 tlr3 JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 337 23 antibodies antibody NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 337 24 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 338 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 338 2 myeloid myeloid JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 338 3 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 338 4 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 338 5 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 338 6 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 338 7 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 338 8 found find VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 338 9 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 338 10 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 338 11 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 338 12 compartment compartment NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 338 13 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 1 A a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 2 more more RBR cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 3 detailed detailed JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 4 analysis analysis NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 5 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 6 TLR3-transfected TLR3-transfected NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 7 B B NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 8 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 9 revealed reveal VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 10 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 11 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 12 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 13 detectable detectable JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 14 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 15 multivesicular multivesicular JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 16 bodies body NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 17 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 18 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 19 subcellular subcellular JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 20 compartment compartment NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 21 situated situate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 22 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 23 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 24 endocytic endocytic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 25 trafficking traffic VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 26 pathway pathway NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 28 Matsumoto Matsumoto NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 29 et et NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 30 al al NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 31 . . NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 32 2003 2003 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 339 34 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 340 1 Bacteria Bacteria NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 340 2 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 340 3 fungi fungus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 340 4 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 340 5 or or CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 340 6 cellular cellular JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 340 7 parasites parasite NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 340 8 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 340 9 recognized recognize VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 340 10 via via IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 340 11 conserved conserve VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 340 12 molecules molecule NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 340 13 typical typical JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 340 14 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 340 15 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 340 16 respective respective JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 340 17 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 340 18 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 340 19 pathogen pathogen NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 340 20 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 2 contrast contrast NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 3 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 4 all all DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 5 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 6 components component NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 7 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 8 formed form VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 9 within within IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 10 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 11 infected infected JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 12 host host NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 13 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 14 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 15 consequently consequently RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 16 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 17 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 18 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 19 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 20 specific specific JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 21 detection detection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 22 system system NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 23 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 24 more more RBR cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 25 difficult difficult JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 26 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 27 achieve achieve VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 341 28 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 342 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 342 2 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 342 3 now now RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 342 4 evident evident JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 342 5 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 342 6 host host NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 342 7 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 342 8 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 342 9 equipped equip VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 342 10 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 342 11 detect detect VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 342 12 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 342 13 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 342 14 acids acid NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 342 15 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 343 1 For for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 343 2 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 343 3 infection infection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 343 4 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 343 5 vivo vivo NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 343 6 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 343 7 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 343 8 following follow VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 343 9 picture picture NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 343 10 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 343 11 evolving evolve VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 343 12 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 343 13 large large JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 343 14 parts part NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 343 15 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 343 16 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 343 17 early early JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 343 18 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 3 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 4 upon upon IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 5 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 6 infection infection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 7 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 8 due due JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 9 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 10 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 11 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 12 TLR9 TLR9 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 13 expressed express VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 14 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 15 PDCs pdc NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 16 ; ; : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 17 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 18 fact fact NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 19 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 20 PDCs pdc NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 21 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 22 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 23 only only JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 24 considerable considerable JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 25 source source NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 26 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 27 TLR7-and TLR7-and NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 28 TLR9-induced TLR9-induced NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 344 29 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 345 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 345 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 345 3 production production NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 345 4 upon upon IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 345 5 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 345 6 infection infection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 345 7 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 2 major major JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 3 advantages advantage NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 4 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 5 this this DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 6 PDC PDC NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 7 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 8 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 9 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 10 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 11 presence presence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 12 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 13 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 14 particles particle NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 15 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 16 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 17 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 18 recognition recognition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 19 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 20 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 21 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 22 infection infection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 23 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 24 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 25 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 26 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 27 required require VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 28 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 29 detection detection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 30 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 31 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 32 that that IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 33 viruses virus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 34 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 35 recognized recognize VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 36 before before IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 37 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 38 proteins protein NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 39 have have VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 40 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 41 chance chance NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 42 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 43 mediate mediate VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 44 immune immune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 45 evasion evasion NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 346 46 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 1 This this DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 2 first first JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 3 wave wave NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 4 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 5 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 6 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 7 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 8 production production NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 9 plays play VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 10 an an DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 11 important important JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 12 role role NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 13 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 14 limiting limit VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 15 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 16 spread spread NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 17 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 18 PDC PDC NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 19 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 20 derived derive VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 21 direct direct JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 22 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 23 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 24 early early RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 25 on on RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 26 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 27 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 28 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 29 sensitizing sensitize VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 30 yet yet CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 31 uninfected uninfected JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 32 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 33 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 34 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 35 recognition recognition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 36 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 37 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 38 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 39 acid acid NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 40 via via IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 41 strong strong JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 42 upregulation upregulation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 43 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 44 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 45 two two CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 46 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 47 helicases helicase NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 48 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 49 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 50 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 51 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 52 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 53 MDA-5 MDA-5 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 347 54 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 1 These these DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 2 two two CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 3 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 4 receptors receptor NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 5 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 6 then then RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 7 responsible responsible JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 8 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 9 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 10 second second JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 11 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 12 prolonged prolonged JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 13 wave wave NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 14 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 15 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 16 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 17 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 18 production production NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 19 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 20 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 21 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 22 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 23 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 24 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 25 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 26 virally virally RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 27 infected infect VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 28 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 348 29 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 349 1 For for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 349 2 all all DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 349 3 four four CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 349 4 receptors receptor NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 349 5 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 349 6 distinction distinction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 349 7 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 349 8 self self NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 349 9 from from IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 349 10 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 349 11 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 349 12 acid acid NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 349 13 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 349 14 based base VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 349 15 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 349 16 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 349 17 combination combination NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 349 18 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 349 19 localization localization NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 349 20 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 349 21 molecular molecular JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 349 22 structure structure NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 349 23 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 350 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 350 2 this this DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 350 3 sophisticated sophisticated JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 350 4 system system NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 350 5 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 350 6 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 350 7 detection detection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 350 8 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 350 9 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 350 10 following follow VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 350 11 situations situation NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 350 12 signal signal VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 350 13 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 350 14 danger danger NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 350 15 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 351 1 1 1 LS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 351 2 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 352 1 Appearance appearance NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 352 2 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 352 3 unmodified unmodified JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 352 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 352 5 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 352 6 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 352 7 endosomal endosomal NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 352 8 compartment compartment NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 352 9 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 352 10 PDCs PDCs NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 352 11 2 2 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 352 12 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 353 1 Appearance appearance NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 353 2 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 353 3 DNA DNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 353 4 containing contain VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 353 5 unmethylated unmethylate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 353 6 CpG CpG NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 353 7 motifs motif NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 353 8 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 353 9 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 353 10 endosomal endosomal NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 353 11 compartment compartment NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 353 12 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 353 13 PDCs PDCs NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 353 14 3 3 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 353 15 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 354 1 Unmodified Unmodified NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 354 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 354 3 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 354 4 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 354 5 triphosphate triphosphate NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 354 6 group group NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 354 7 at at IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 354 8 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 354 9 5′ 5′ CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 354 10 end end NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 354 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 354 12 3pRNA 3prna CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 354 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 354 14 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 354 15 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 354 16 cytosol cytosol NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 354 17 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 354 18 any any DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 354 19 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 354 20 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 354 21 4 4 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 354 22 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 355 1 DNA DNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 355 2 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 355 3 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 355 4 cytosol cytosol NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 355 5 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 355 6 any any DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 355 7 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 355 8 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 356 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 356 2 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 356 3 still still RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 356 4 unclear unclear JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 356 5 whether whether IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 356 6 long long JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 356 7 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 356 8 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 356 9 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 356 10 cytosol cytosol NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 356 11 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 356 12 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 356 13 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 356 14 elicit elicit VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 356 15 an an DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 356 16 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 356 17 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 356 18 via via IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 356 19 one one CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 356 20 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 356 21 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 356 22 receptors receptor NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 356 23 known know VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 356 24 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 356 25 date date NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 356 26 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 357 1 Although although IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 357 2 poly poly NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 357 3 I i NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 357 4 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 357 5 C C NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 357 6 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 357 7 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 357 8 ligand ligand NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 357 9 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 357 10 MDA-5 MDA-5 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 358 1 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 358 2 long long RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 358 3 double double RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 358 4 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 358 5 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 358 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 358 7 seems seem VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 358 8 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 358 9 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 358 10 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 358 11 ligand ligand NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 358 12 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 358 13 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 358 14 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 358 15 natural natural JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 358 16 ligand ligand NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 358 17 still still RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 358 18 needs need VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 358 19 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 358 20 be be VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 358 21 identified identify VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 358 22 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 359 1 In in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 359 2 addition addition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 359 3 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 359 4 RNAdetecting rnadetecte VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 359 5 receptors receptor NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 359 6 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 359 7 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 359 8 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 359 9 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 359 10 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 359 11 DNA DNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 359 12 may may MD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 359 13 add add VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 359 14 new new JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 359 15 perspectives perspective NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 359 16 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 359 17 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 359 18 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 359 19 mimicry mimicry NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 359 20 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 1 With with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 2 regard regard NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 3 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 4 viruses virus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 5 that that WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 6 perform perform VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 7 inside inside IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 8 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 9 nucleus nucleus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 10 such such JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 11 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 12 HBV HBV NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 13 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 14 HIV HIV NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 15 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 16 uncovering uncover VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 17 molecular molecular JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 18 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 19 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 20 sensing sense VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 21 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 22 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 23 acids acid NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 24 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 25 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 26 nucleus nucleus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 27 appears appear VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 28 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 29 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 30 radar radar NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 31 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 32 scientific scientific JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 33 challenges challenge NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 360 34 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 1 Recognition recognition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 2 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 3 double double RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 4 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 5 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 7 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 8 activation activation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 9 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 10 NF NF NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 11 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 12 kappaB kappaB NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 13 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 14 Toll Toll NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 15 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 16 like like JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 17 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 18 3 3 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 19 Cationic Cationic NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 20 liposome liposome NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 21 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 22 mediated mediate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 23 gene gene NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 24 delivery delivery NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 25 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 26 biophysical biophysical JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 27 study study NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 28 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 29 mechanism mechanism NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 30 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 361 31 internalization internalization NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 2 V v NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 3 proteins protein NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 4 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 5 paramyxoviruses paramyxovirus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 6 bind bind VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 7 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 8 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 9 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 10 inducible inducible JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 12 helicase helicase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 13 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 14 mda-5 mda-5 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 15 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 16 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 17 inhibit inhibit VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 18 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 19 activation activation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 20 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 21 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 22 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 23 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 24 beta beta NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 25 promoter promoter NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 26 Virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 27 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 28 specific specific JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 29 double double RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 30 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 31 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 32 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 33 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 34 poliovirus poliovirus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 35 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 36 infected infect VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 362 37 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 363 1 Dendritic dendritic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 363 2 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 363 3 respond respond VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 363 4 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 363 5 influenza influenza NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 363 6 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 363 7 through through IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 363 8 TLR7-and TLR7-and NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 363 9 PKRindependent PKRindependent NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 363 10 pathways pathway NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 364 1 A a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 364 2 versatile versatile JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 364 3 vector vector NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 364 4 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 364 5 gene gene NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 364 6 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 364 7 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 364 8 transfer transfer NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 364 9 into into IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 364 10 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 364 11 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 364 12 culture culture NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 364 13 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 364 14 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 364 15 vivo vivo NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 364 16 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 1 polyethylenimine polyethylenimine NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 2 Induction Induction NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 3 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 4 an an DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 5 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 6 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 7 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 8 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 9 vectors vector NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 10 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 11 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 12 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 13 A a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 14 system system NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 15 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 16 stable stable JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 17 expression expression NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 18 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 19 short short JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 20 interfering interfere VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 21 RNAs rna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 22 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 23 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 24 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 25 Control Control NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 26 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 27 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 28 infection infection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 29 through through IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 30 plasmacytoid plasmacytoid JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 31 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 32 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 33 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 34 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 35 derived derive VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 365 36 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 2 interferon interferon VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 3 JNK2 JNK2 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 4 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 5 IKKbeta IKKbeta NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 6 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 7 required require VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 8 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 9 activating activate VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 10 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 11 innate innate JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 12 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 13 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 14 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 15 infection infection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 16 Plasmacytoid Plasmacytoid NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 17 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 18 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 19 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 20 immunity immunity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 21 Complete complete JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 22 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 23 sequence sequence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 24 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 25 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 26 leader leader NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 27 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 28 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 29 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 30 vitro vitro FW cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 31 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 32 vesicular vesicular JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 33 stomatitis stomatitis NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 34 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 35 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 36 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 37 guided guide VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 38 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 39 modification modification NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 40 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 41 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 42 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 43 other other JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 366 44 RNAs rna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 367 1 Innate innate JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 367 2 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 367 3 responses response NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 367 4 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 367 5 means mean NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 367 6 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 367 7 TLR7-mediated tlr7-mediated JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 367 8 recognition recognition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 367 9 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 367 10 single single RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 367 11 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 367 12 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 367 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 367 14 Viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 367 15 infection infection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 367 16 switches switch VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 367 17 non non JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 367 18 - - JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 367 19 plasmacytoid plasmacytoid JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 367 20 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 367 21 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 367 22 into into IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 367 23 high high JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 367 24 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 367 25 producers producer NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 368 1 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 368 2 mediates mediate VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 369 1 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 369 2 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 369 3 / / SYM cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 369 4 TLR4-specific TLR4-specific NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 369 5 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 369 6 gene gene NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 369 7 program program NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 369 8 Duplexes Duplexes NNPS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 369 9 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 369 10 21-nucleotide 21-nucleotide CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 369 11 RNAs rna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 369 12 mediate mediate VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 369 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 369 14 interference interference NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 369 15 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 369 16 cultured cultured JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 369 17 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 369 18 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 370 1 Interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 370 2 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 370 3 beta beta NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 370 4 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 370 5 required require VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 370 6 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 370 7 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 370 8 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 370 9 alpha alpha NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 370 10 production production NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 370 11 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 370 12 mouse mouse NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 370 13 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 371 1 Interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 371 2 action action NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 371 3 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 371 4 two two CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 371 5 distinct distinct JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 371 6 pathways pathway NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 371 7 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 371 8 inhibition inhibition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 371 9 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 371 10 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 371 11 synthesis synthesis NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 371 12 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 371 13 double double RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 371 14 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 371 15 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 371 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 371 17 Inducers Inducers NNPS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 371 18 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 371 19 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 371 20 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 371 21 host host NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 371 22 resistance resistance NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 371 23 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 372 1 II II NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 372 2 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 1 Multistranded multistranded JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 2 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 3 polynucleotide polynucleotide JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 4 complexes complexes JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 5 LPS LPS NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 6 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 7 TLR4 TLR4 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 8 signaling signal VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 9 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 10 IRF-3/7 irf-3/7 NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 11 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 12 NF NF NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 13 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 14 kappaB kappaB NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 15 involves involve VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 16 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 17 toll toll NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 18 adapters adapter NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 19 TRAM TRAM NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 20 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 21 TRIF TRIF NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 22 Ribosome Ribosome NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 23 assembly assembly NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 24 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 25 eukaryotes eukaryote NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 26 Viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 27 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 373 28 cellular cellular JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 374 1 mRNA mrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 374 2 capping cap VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 374 3 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 374 4 past past NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 374 5 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 374 6 prospects prospect NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 374 7 Essential essential JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 374 8 role role NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 374 9 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 374 10 mda-5 mda-5 DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 374 11 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 374 12 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 3 responses response NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 4 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 5 polyriboinosinic polyriboinosinic NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 6 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 7 polyribocytidylic polyribocytidylic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 8 acid acid NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 9 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 10 encephalomyocarditis encephalomyocarditis NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 11 picornavirus picornavirus NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 12 Role role NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 13 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 14 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 15 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 16 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 17 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 18 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 19 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 20 diseases disease NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 21 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 22 mice mouse NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 23 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 24 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 25 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 26 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 27 use use NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 28 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 29 antiinterferon antiinterferon NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 30 serum serum NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 375 31 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 1 I. I. NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 2 Rapid Rapid NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 3 evolution evolution NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 4 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 5 encephalomyocarditis encephalomyocarditis NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 6 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 7 infection infection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 8 Specificity Specificity NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 9 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 10 Toll Toll NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 11 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 12 like like JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 13 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 14 signalling signal VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 15 through through IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 16 distinct distinct JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 17 effector effector NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 18 functions function NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 19 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 20 TRAF3 traf3 NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 21 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 22 TRAF6 TRAF6 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 23 Sequence sequence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 24 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 25 chemical chemical NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 26 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 27 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 28 structural structural JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 29 variation variation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 30 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 31 small small JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 32 interfering interfere VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 33 RNAs rna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 34 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 35 short short JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 36 hairpin hairpin NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 37 RNAs rna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 38 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 39 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 40 effect effect NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 41 on on IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 42 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 43 gene gene NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 44 silencing silence VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 45 Rational rational JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 46 design design NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 47 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 48 new new JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 49 CpG CpG NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 50 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 51 that that WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 52 combine combine VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 53 B b NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 54 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 55 activation activation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 56 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 57 high high JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 58 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 59 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 60 alpha alpha NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 61 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 62 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 63 plasmacytoid plasmacytoid NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 64 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 65 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 66 Mechanism Mechanism NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 67 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 68 function function NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 69 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 70 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 71 newly newly RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 72 identified identify VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 73 CpG CpG NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 74 DNA DNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 75 motif motif NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 76 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 77 human human JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 78 primary primary NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 79 B B NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 376 80 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 1 Species species NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 2 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 3 specific specific JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 4 recognition recognition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 5 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 6 single single RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 7 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 8 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 10 via via IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 11 tolllike tolllike NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 12 receptor receptor NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 13 7 7 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 14 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 15 8 8 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 16 Small small JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 17 anti anti JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 18 - - JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 19 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 20 compounds compound NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 21 activate activate VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 22 immune immune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 23 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 24 via via IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 25 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 26 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 27 MyD88-dependent MyD88-dependent NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 28 signaling signal VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 377 29 pathway pathway NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 1 A a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 2 Toll toll NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 3 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 4 like like JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 5 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 6 recognizes recognize VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 7 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 8 DNA DNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 9 Identification Identification NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 10 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 11 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 12 5′ 5′ CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 13 terminal terminal NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 14 structure structure NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 15 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 16 influenza influenza NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 17 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 18 genome genome NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 20 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 21 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 22 newly newly RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 23 developed develop VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 24 enzymatic enzymatic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 25 method method NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 26 Role role NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 27 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 28 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 29 transductional transductional JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 30 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 31 transcriptional transcriptional NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 32 processor processor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 33 complex complex NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 34 involving involve VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 35 MyD88 MyD88 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 36 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 37 IRF-7 IRF-7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 38 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 39 Toll Toll NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 40 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 41 like like JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 42 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 43 signaling signal VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 44 5′-Triphosphate 5′-triphosphate CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 45 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 46 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 47 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 48 ligand ligand NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 49 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 378 50 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 2 Sequence sequence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 3 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 4 specific specific JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 5 potent potent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 6 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 7 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 8 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 9 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 10 alpha alpha NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 11 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 12 short short JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 13 interfering interfere VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 15 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 16 plasmacytoid plasmacytoid NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 17 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 18 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 19 through through IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 20 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 21 Quantitative quantitative JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 22 expression expression NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 23 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 24 toll toll NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 25 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 26 like like JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 27 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 28 1 1 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 29 - - SYM cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 30 10 10 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 31 mRNA mrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 32 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 33 cellular cellular JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 34 subsets subset NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 35 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 36 human human JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 37 peripheral peripheral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 38 blood blood NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 39 mononuclear mononuclear NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 40 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 41 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 42 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 43 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 44 CpG CpG NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 45 oligodeoxynucleotides oligodeoxynucleotides NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 46 Cutting Cutting NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 47 edge edge NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 379 48 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 380 1 Toll toll NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 380 2 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 380 3 like like JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 380 4 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 380 5 4 4 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 2 TLR4)-deficient tlr4)-deficient CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 3 mice mouse NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 4 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 5 hyporesponsive hyporesponsive JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 6 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 7 lipopolysaccharide lipopolysaccharide NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 8 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 9 evidence evidence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 10 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 11 TLR4 TLR4 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 12 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 13 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 14 Lps Lps NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 15 gene gene NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 16 product product NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 17 Synthesis Synthesis NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 18 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 19 low low JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 20 molecular molecular JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 21 weight weight NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 22 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 23 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 24 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 25 synthesis synthesis NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 26 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 27 enzyme enzyme NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 28 from from IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 29 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 30 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 31 treated treat VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 32 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 33 Activation activation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 34 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 35 NF NF NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 36 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 37 kappaB kappaB NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 38 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 39 doublestranded doublestranded NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 40 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 42 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 381 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 1 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 2 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 3 absence absence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 4 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 5 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 6 kinase kinase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 7 R r NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 8 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 9 RNase RNase NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 10 L L NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 11 demonstrates demonstrate VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 12 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 13 existence existence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 14 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 15 two two CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 16 separate separate JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 17 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 18 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 19 triggered trigger VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 20 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 21 programs program NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 22 Foreign foreign JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 23 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 24 acids acid NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 25 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 26 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 27 stimulus stimulus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 28 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 29 make make VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 30 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 31 Virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 32 interference interference NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 382 33 . . . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 383 1 I. I. NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 384 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 384 2 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 385 1 Approaching approach VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 385 2 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 385 3 asymptote asymptote NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 385 4 ? ? . cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 1 Evolution evolution NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 2 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 3 revolution revolution NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 4 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 5 immunology immunology NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 6 Sequencedependent Sequencedependent NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 7 stimulation stimulation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 8 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 9 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 10 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 11 innate innate JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 12 immune immune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 13 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 14 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 15 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 16 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 17 Human Human NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 18 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 19 or or CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 20 TLR8 TLR8 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 21 independently independently RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 22 confer confer VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 23 responsiveness responsiveness NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 24 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 25 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 26 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 27 compound compound NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 28 R-848 r-848 NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 29 Expression expression NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 30 analysis analysis NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 31 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 32 genomic genomic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 33 characterization characterization NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 34 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 35 human human JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 36 melanoma melanoma NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 37 differentiation differentiation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 38 associated associate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 39 gene-5 gene-5 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 40 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 41 mda-5 mda-5 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 42 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 43 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 44 novel novel JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 45 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 46 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 47 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 48 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 49 responsive responsive JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 50 apoptosisinducing apoptosisinducing NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 51 gene gene NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 52 mda-5 mda-5 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 53 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 54 An an DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 55 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 56 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 57 inducible inducible JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 58 putative putative JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 59 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 60 helicase helicase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 61 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 62 double double RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 63 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 64 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 65 RNA rna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 66 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 67 dependent dependent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 68 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 69 activity activity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 70 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 71 melanoma melanoma NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 72 growth growth NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 73 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 74 suppressive suppressive JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 75 properties property NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 76 De De NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 77 novo novo NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 78 initiation initiation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 79 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 80 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 81 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 82 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 83 dependent dependent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 84 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 85 synthesis synthesis NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 86 Small small JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 87 interfering interfere VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 88 RNAs rna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 89 mediate mediate VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 90 sequence sequence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 91 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 92 independent independent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 93 gene gene NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 94 suppression suppression NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 95 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 96 induce induce VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 97 immune immune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 98 activation activation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 99 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 100 signaling signal VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 101 through through IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 102 toll toll NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 103 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 104 like like JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 105 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 106 3 3 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 107 Suppression Suppression NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 108 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 109 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 110 recognition recognition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 111 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 112 Toll Toll NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 113 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 114 like like JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 115 receptors receptor NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 116 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 117 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 118 impact impact NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 119 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 120 nucleoside nucleoside JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 121 modification modification NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 122 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 123 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 124 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 125 origin origin NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 126 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 127 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 128 Cell Cell NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 129 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 130 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 131 specific specific JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 132 involvement involvement NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 133 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 134 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 135 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 136 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 137 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 138 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 139 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 140 Differential differential JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 141 roles role NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 142 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 143 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 144 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 386 145 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 1 -I -i DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 2 helicases helicase NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 3 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 4 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 5 recognition recognition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 6 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 8 viruses virus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 9 Interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 10 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 11 alpha alpha NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 12 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 13 through through IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 14 Tolllike Tolllike NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 15 receptors receptor NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 16 involves involve VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 17 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 18 direct direct JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 19 interaction interaction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 20 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 21 IRF7 IRF7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 22 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 23 MyD88 MyD88 NNPS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 24 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 25 TRAF6 TRAF6 '' cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 26 IPS-1 IPS-1 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 387 27 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 388 1 an an DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 388 2 adaptor adaptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 388 3 triggering trigger VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 388 4 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 388 5 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 388 6 I i NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 388 7 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 388 8 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 388 9 Mda5-mediated Mda5-mediated NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 388 10 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 389 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 389 2 interferon interferon RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 389 3 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 390 1 Interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 390 2 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 390 3 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 390 4 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 390 5 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 390 6 ssRNAs ssRNAs NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 390 7 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 390 8 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 390 9 phage phage NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 390 10 polymerase polymerase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 390 11 Overexpression Overexpression NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 390 12 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 390 13 Helicard Helicard NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 390 14 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 1 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 2 CARD card NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 3 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 4 containing contain VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 5 helicase helicase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 6 cleaved cleave VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 7 during during IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 8 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 9 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 10 accelerates accelerate VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 11 DNA dna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 12 degradation degradation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 13 TLR9-dependent TLR9-dependent NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 14 recognition recognition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 15 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 16 MCMV MCMV NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 17 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 18 IPC IPC NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 19 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 20 DC DC NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 21 generates generate VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 22 coordinated coordinated JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 23 cytokine cytokine NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 24 responses response NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 25 that that WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 26 activate activate VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 27 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 28 NK NK NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 29 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 30 function function NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 31 Herpes Herpes NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 32 simplex simplex NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 33 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 34 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 35 1 1 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 36 activates activate VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 37 murine murine JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 38 natural natural JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 39 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 40 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 41 producing produce VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 42 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 43 through through IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 44 toll toll NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 45 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 46 like like JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 47 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 48 9 9 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 49 Identification identification NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 50 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 51 CpG CpG NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 52 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 53 sequences sequence NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 54 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 55 high high JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 56 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 57 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 58 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 59 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 60 alpha alpha NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 61 / / SYM cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 62 beta beta NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 63 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 64 plasmacytoid plasmacytoid NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 65 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 391 66 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 1 Toll toll NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 2 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 3 like like JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 4 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 5 expression expression NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 6 reveals reveal VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 7 CpG CpG NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 8 DNA DNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 9 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 10 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 11 unique unique JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 12 microbial microbial JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 13 stimulus stimulus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 14 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 15 plasmacytoid plasmacytoid NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 16 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 17 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 18 which which WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 19 synergizes synergize VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 20 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 21 CD40 CD40 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 22 ligand ligand NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 23 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 24 induce induce VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 25 high high JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 26 amounts amount NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 27 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 28 IL-12 IL-12 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 29 Double double RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 30 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 31 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 32 RNAdependent rnadependent NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 33 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 34 kinase kinase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 35 activates activate VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 36 transcription transcription NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 37 factor factor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 38 NF nf NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 39 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 40 kappa kappa NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 41 B B NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 42 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 43 phosphorylating phosphorylate VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 392 44 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 393 1 kappa kappa NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 393 2 B B NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 393 3 A A NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 393 4 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 393 5 covalently covalently RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 393 6 linked link VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 393 7 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 393 8 poliovirus poliovirus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 393 9 genome genome NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 393 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 2 dorsoventral dorsoventral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 3 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 4 gene gene NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 5 cassette cassette NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 6 spatzle spatzle NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 7 / / SYM cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 8 Toll toll NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 9 / / SYM cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 10 cactus cactus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 11 controls control VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 12 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 13 potent potent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 14 antifungal antifungal JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 15 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 16 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 17 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 18 adults adult NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 19 Inhibition Inhibition NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 20 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 21 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 22 infection infection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 23 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 24 lentiviral lentiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 25 vectors vector NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 26 expressing express VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 27 Pol Pol NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 28 IIIpromoted iiipromote VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 29 anti anti JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 30 - - JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 31 HIV HIV NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 32 RNAs rna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 33 Toll Toll NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 34 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 35 like like JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 36 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 37 9-mediated 9-mediated CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 38 recognition recognition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 39 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 40 Herpes Herpes NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 41 simplex simplex NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 42 virus-2 virus-2 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 43 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 44 plasmacytoid plasmacytoid NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 45 dendritic dendritic NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 46 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 47 Recognition Recognition NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 48 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 49 single single RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 50 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 51 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 52 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 53 viruses virus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 54 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 55 Toll toll NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 56 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 57 like like JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 58 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 59 7 7 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 60 Potential potential JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 61 role role NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 62 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 63 PKR PKR NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 64 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 65 double double RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 66 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 67 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 68 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 69 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 70 induced induce VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 71 macrophage macrophage NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 72 activation activation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 73 Interactions interaction NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 74 between between IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 75 doublestranded doublestranded NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 76 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 77 regulators regulator NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 78 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 79 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 80 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 81 kinase kinase VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 82 DAI DAI NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 83 Differential differential JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 84 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 85 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 86 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 87 distinct distinct JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 88 interferonalpha interferonalpha JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 89 genes gene NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 90 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 91 positive positive JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 92 feedback feedback NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 93 through through IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 94 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 95 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 394 96 factor-7 factor-7 NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 1 A a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 2 structural structural JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 3 basis basis NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 4 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 5 discriminating discriminate VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 6 between between IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 7 self self NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 8 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 9 nonself nonself NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 10 double double RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 11 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 12 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 13 RNAs rna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 14 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 15 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 16 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 17 Subcellular Subcellular NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 18 localization localization NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 19 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 20 Toll toll NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 21 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 22 like like JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 23 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 24 3 3 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 25 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 26 human human JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 27 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 395 28 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 396 1 A a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 396 2 human human JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 396 3 homologue homologue NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 396 4 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 1 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 2 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 3 Toll Toll NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 4 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 5 signals signal VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 6 activation activation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 7 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 8 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 9 immunity immunity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 10 Activation Activation NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 11 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 12 innate innate JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 13 defense defense NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 14 against against IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 15 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 16 paramyxovirus paramyxovirus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 17 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 18 mediated mediate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 19 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 20 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 21 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 22 I I NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 23 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 24 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 25 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 26 TLR8 TLR8 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 27 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 28 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 29 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 30 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 31 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 32 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 33 specific specific JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 34 manner manner JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 35 Cardif Cardif NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 36 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 37 an an DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 38 adaptor adaptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 39 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 40 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 41 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 42 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 43 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 44 I I NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 45 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 46 pathway pathway NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 47 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 48 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 49 targeted target VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 50 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 51 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 52 C C NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 53 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 54 Structural structural JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 55 requirements requirement NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 56 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 57 doublestranded doublestranded NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 58 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 59 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 60 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 61 activation activation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 62 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 63 2 2 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 64 ' ' '' cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 65 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 66 5'-oligo(A 5'-oligo(a CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 67 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 68 polymerase polymerase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 69 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 70 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 71 kinase kinase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 72 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 73 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 74 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 75 treated treat VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 76 HeLa HeLa NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 77 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 78 Replicative Replicative NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 79 form form NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 80 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 81 encephalomyocarditis encephalomyocarditis NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 82 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 83 ribonucleic ribonucleic NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 84 acid acid NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 85 TLR TLR NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 86 signalling signal VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 87 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 88 activation activation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 89 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 90 IRFs irfs NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 91 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 92 revisiting revisit VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 93 old old JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 94 friends friend NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 95 from from IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 96 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 97 NF NF NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 98 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 99 kappaB kappaB NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 100 pathway pathway NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 101 Functional functional JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 102 role role NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 103 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 104 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 105 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 106 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 107 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 108 II II NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 109 interferons interferon NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 110 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 111 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 112 defense defense NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 113 Inhibition inhibition NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 114 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 115 vaccinia vaccinia NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 116 infection infection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 117 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 118 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 119 liquid liquid JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 120 factor factor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 121 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 122 tissues tissue NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 123 infected infect VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 124 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 125 homologous homologous JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 126 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 127 Orthomyxovirus Orthomyxovirus NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 128 replication replication NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 129 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 130 transcription transcription NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 131 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 132 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 133 polyadenylation polyadenylation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 134 Critical critical JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 135 role role NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 136 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 137 TRAF3 traf3 NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 138 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 139 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 140 Toll Toll NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 141 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 142 like like JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 143 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 144 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 145 dependent dependent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 146 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 147 -independent -independent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 148 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 397 149 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 1 Toll toll NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 2 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 3 like like JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 4 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 5 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 6 independent independent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 7 gene gene NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 8 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 9 program program NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 10 activated activate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 11 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 12 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 13 DNA dna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 14 escaped escape VBD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 15 from from IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 16 apoptotic apoptotic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 17 DNA dna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 18 degradation degradation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 19 Short short JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 20 hairpin hairpin NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 21 RNAs rna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 23 shRNAs shRNAs NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 25 induce induce VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 26 sequence sequence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 27 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 28 specific specific JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 29 silencing silencing NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 30 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 31 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 32 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 33 Determinants determinant NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 34 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 35 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 36 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 37 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 38 gene gene NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 39 induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 40 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 41 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 42 vectors vectors NNPS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 43 RIG RIG NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 44 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 45 I i NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 46 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 47 mediated mediate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 48 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 49 responses response NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 50 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 51 single single RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 52 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 53 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 54 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 55 bearing bear VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 398 56 5'-phosphates 5'-phosphates CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 399 1 Defective defective JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 399 2 LPS lp NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 399 3 signaling signal VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 399 4 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 399 5 C3H c3h NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 399 6 / / SYM cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 399 7 HeJ hej NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 399 8 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 399 9 C57BL/10ScCr c57bl/10sccr JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 399 10 mice mouse NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 399 11 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 400 1 mutations mutation NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 400 2 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 400 3 Tlr4 Tlr4 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 400 4 gene gene NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 401 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 401 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 401 3 helicase helicase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 401 4 Lgp2 Lgp2 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 401 5 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 401 6 TLRindependent tlrindependent NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 401 7 sensing sensing NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 401 8 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 401 9 viral viral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 401 10 replication replication NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 401 11 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 401 12 retinoic retinoic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 401 13 acid acid NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 401 14 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 401 15 inducible inducible JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 401 16 gene gene NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 401 17 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 401 18 I I NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 401 19 Plasmacytoid Plasmacytoid NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 401 20 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 401 21 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 401 22 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 401 23 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 401 24 key key NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 401 25 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 401 26 CpG CpG NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 3 Modification Modification NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 4 Database Database NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 5 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 6 1999 1999 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 7 update update VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 8 A a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 9 lentivirus lentivirus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 10 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 11 based base VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 12 system system NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 13 to to TO cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 14 functionally functionally RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 15 silence silence VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 16 genes gene NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 17 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 18 primary primary JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 19 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 20 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 21 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 22 stem stem NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 23 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 24 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 25 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 26 mice mouse NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 27 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 28 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 29 interference interference NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 30 Deletion deletion NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 31 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 32 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 33 alters alter VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 34 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 35 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 36 immune immune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 37 environment environment NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 38 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 39 mucus mucus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 40 production production NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 41 during during IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 42 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 43 syncytial syncytial JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 44 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 45 infection infection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 46 Positive positive JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 47 feedback feedback NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 48 regulation regulation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 49 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 402 50 type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 3 genes gene NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 4 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 5 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 6 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 7 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 8 inducible inducible JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 9 transcription transcription NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 10 factor factor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 11 IRF-7 IRF-7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 12 Toll Toll NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 13 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 14 like like JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 15 receptor receptor NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 16 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 17 dependent dependent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 18 activation activation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 19 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 20 several several JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 21 human human JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 22 blood blood NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 23 cell cell NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 24 types type NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 25 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 26 protamine protamine NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 27 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 28 condensed condense VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 29 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 30 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 403 31 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 404 1 isRNA isrna RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 404 2 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 1 two two CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 2 edges edge NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 3 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 4 one one CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 5 sword sword NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 6 Hitching Hitching NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 7 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 8 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 9 action action NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 10 Identification identification NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 11 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 12 characterization characterization NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 13 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 14 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 15 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 16 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 17 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 18 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 19 signaling signal VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 20 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 21 that that WDT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 22 activates activate VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 23 NF NF NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 24 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 25 kappaB kappaB NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 26 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 27 IRF IRF NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 28 3 3 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 29 Triggering trigger VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 30 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 31 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 32 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 33 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 34 through through IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 35 an an DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 36 IKK IKK NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 37 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 38 related relate VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 405 39 pathway pathway NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 2 ends end NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 3 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 4 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 5 affair affair NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 6 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 7 capping capping NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 8 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 9 polyadenylation polyadenylation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 10 Induction induction NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 11 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 12 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 13 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 14 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 15 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 16 responses response NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 17 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 18 double double RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 19 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 20 stranded stranded JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 21 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 22 single single RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 23 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 24 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 25 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 26 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 27 sequence sequence NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 28 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 29 dependent dependent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 30 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 31 requires require VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 32 endosomal endosomal NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 33 localization localization NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 34 Activation Activation NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 35 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 36 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 37 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 38 system system NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 39 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 40 short short RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 41 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 42 interfering interfere VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 43 RNAs rna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 44 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 45 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 46 IRF7 IRF7 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 47 phosphorylation phosphorylation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 48 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 49 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 50 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 51 infected infect VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 52 cells cell NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 53 does do VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 54 not not RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 55 require require VB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 56 double double RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 57 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 58 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 59 RNA rna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 60 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 61 dependent dependent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 62 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 63 kinase kinase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 64 R r NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 65 or or CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 66 Ikappa Ikappa NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 67 B B NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 68 kinase kinase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 69 but but CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 70 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 71 blocked block VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 72 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 73 Vaccinia Vaccinia NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 74 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 75 E3L e3l NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 76 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 77 Recognition Recognition NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 78 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 79 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 80 DNA dna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 81 activates activate VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 82 an an DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 83 IRF3-dependent irf3-dependent NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 84 innate innate JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 85 immune immune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 86 response response NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 87 Regulating regulate VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 88 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 89 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 90 defense defense NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 91 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 92 permissiveness permissiveness NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 93 to to IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 94 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 95 C C NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 96 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 97 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 98 replication replication NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 99 through through IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 100 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 101 cellular cellular JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 102 RNA rna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 103 helicase helicase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 104 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 105 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 106 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 107 I I NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 108 Toll Toll NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 109 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 110 like like JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 111 receptors receptor NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 112 9 9 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 113 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 114 3 3 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 115 as as IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 116 essential essential JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 117 components component NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 118 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 119 innate innate JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 120 immune immune JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 121 defense defense NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 122 against against IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 123 mouse mouse NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 124 cytomegalovirus cytomegalovirus NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 125 infection infection NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 406 126 Type type NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 407 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 407 2 interferons interferon NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 407 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 407 4 alpha/ alpha/ CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 407 5 beta beta NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 407 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 407 7 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 407 8 immunity immunity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 407 9 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 407 10 autoimmunity autoimmunity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 1 A a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 2 general general JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 3 method method NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 4 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 5 gene gene NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 6 knockdown knockdown NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 7 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 8 mice mouse NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 9 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 10 using use VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 11 lentiviral lentiviral NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 12 vectors vector NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 13 expressing express VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 14 small small JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 15 interfering interfere VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 17 Transcription Transcription NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 18 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 19 replication replication NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 20 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 21 nonsegmented nonsegmente VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 22 negative negative JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 23 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 24 strand strand NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 25 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 26 viruses virus NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 27 Eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 28 ribonuclease ribonuclease NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 29 P p NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 408 30 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 1 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 2 plurality plurality NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 3 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 4 ribonucleoprotein ribonucleoprotein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 5 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 6 VISA VISA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 7 is be VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 8 an an DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 9 adapter adapter NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 10 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 11 required require VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 12 for for IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 13 virus virus NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 14 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 15 triggered trigger VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 16 IFN IFN NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 17 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 18 beta beta NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 19 signaling signal VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 20 Deficient deficient JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 21 signaling signal VBG cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 22 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 23 mice mice NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 24 devoid devoid JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 25 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 26 double double RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 27 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 28 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 29 RNAdependent rnadependent NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 409 30 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 410 1 kinase kinase NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 410 2 Shared share VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 410 3 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 410 4 unique unique JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 410 5 functions function NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 410 6 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 410 7 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 410 8 DExD DExD NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 410 9 / / SYM cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 410 10 H h NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 410 11 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 410 12 box box NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 410 13 helicases helicase NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 410 14 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 410 15 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 410 16 I I NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 410 17 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 410 18 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 410 19 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 410 20 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 410 21 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 410 22 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 410 23 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 410 24 innate innate JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 410 25 immunity immunity NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 1 The the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 3 helicase helicase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 4 RIG rig NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 5 - - : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 6 I -PRON- PRP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 7 has have VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 8 an an DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 9 essential essential JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 10 function function NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 11 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 12 double double RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 13 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 14 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 15 RNA rna NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 16 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 17 induced induce VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 18 innate innate JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 19 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 20 responses response NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 21 Activation Activation NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 22 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 23 the the DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 24 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 25 kinase kinase VBZ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 26 PKR PKR NNP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 27 by by IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 28 short short JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 29 double double RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 30 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 31 stranded stranded JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 32 RNAs rna NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 33 with with IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 34 single single RB cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 35 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 36 stranded strand VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 411 37 tails tail NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 1 Interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 2 action action NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 3 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 4 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 5 are be VBP cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 6 defective defective JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 7 in in IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 8 mice mice NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 9 devoid devoid JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 10 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 11 2 2 CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 12 ' ' '' cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 13 , , , cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 14 5'-oligoadenylate 5'-oligoadenylate CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 15 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 16 dependent dependent JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 17 RNase rnase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 18 L l NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 19 Isolation isolation NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 20 of of IN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 21 two two CD cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 22 interferon interferon NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 23 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 24 induced induce VBN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 25 translational translational JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 26 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 27 : : : cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 28 a a DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 29 protein protein NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 30 kinase kinase NN cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 31 and and CC cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 32 an an DT cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 33 oligo oligo JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 34 - - HYPH cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 35 isoadenylate isoadenylate JJ cord-007689-0vpp3xdl 412 36 synthetase synthetase NN