id sid tid token lemma pos cord-323756-atnrw9ew 1 1 key key NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 1 2 : : : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 1 3 cord-323756-atnrw9ew cord-323756-atnrw9ew XX cord-323756-atnrw9ew 2 1 authors author NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 2 2 : : : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 2 3 Vabret Vabret NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 2 4 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 2 5 Nicolas Nicolas NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 2 6 ; ; : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 3 1 Blander bland JJR cord-323756-atnrw9ew 3 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 3 3 J. J. NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 3 4 Magarian Magarian NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 3 5 title title NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 3 6 : : : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 3 7 Sensing Sensing NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 3 8 Microbial Microbial NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 3 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 3 10 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 3 11 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 3 12 Cytosol Cytosol NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 3 13 date date NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 3 14 : : : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 3 15 2013 2013 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 3 16 - - SYM cord-323756-atnrw9ew 3 17 12 12 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 3 18 - - SYM cord-323756-atnrw9ew 3 19 25 25 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 3 20 journal journal NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 3 21 : : : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 4 1 Front Front NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 4 2 Immunol Immunol NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 4 3 DOI doi NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 4 4 : : : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 5 1 10.3389/ 10.3389/ CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 6 1 fimmu.2013.00468 fimmu.2013.00468 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 6 2 sha sha NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 6 3 : : : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 7 1 575aa2758f4a3c952d7cd9ab031eb42b25a87a96 575aa2758f4a3c952d7cd9ab031eb42b25a87a96 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 7 2 doc_id doc_id CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 7 3 : : : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 7 4 323756 323756 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 7 5 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 7 6 : : : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 8 1 atnrw9ew atnrw9ew RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 9 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 9 2 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 9 3 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 9 4 system system NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 9 5 faces face VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 9 6 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 9 7 difficult difficult JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 9 8 task task NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 9 9 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 9 10 keeping keep VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 9 11 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 9 12 fine fine JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 9 13 balance balance NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 9 14 between between IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 9 15 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 9 16 detection detection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 9 17 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 9 18 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 9 19 presence presence NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 9 20 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 9 21 avoidance avoidance NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 9 22 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 9 23 autoimmunity autoimmunity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 9 24 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 1 To to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 2 this this DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 3 aim aim NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 4 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 5 key key JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 6 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 7 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 8 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 9 responses response NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 10 rely rely VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 11 on on IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 12 isolation isolation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 13 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 14 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 15 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 16 specialized specialized JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 17 subcellular subcellular JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 18 compartments compartment NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 19 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 20 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 21 sensing sensing NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 22 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 23 specific specific JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 24 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 25 patterns pattern NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 26 absent absent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 27 from from IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 28 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 29 host host NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 10 30 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 11 1 Efficient efficient JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 11 2 detection detection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 11 3 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 11 4 foreign foreign JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 11 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 11 6 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 11 7 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 11 8 cytosol cytosol NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 11 9 requires require VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 11 10 an an DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 11 11 additional additional JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 11 12 layer layer NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 11 13 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 11 14 complexity complexity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 11 15 from from IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 11 16 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 11 17 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 11 18 system system NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 11 19 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 12 1 In in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 12 2 this this DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 12 3 particular particular JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 12 4 case case NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 12 5 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 12 6 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 12 7 sensors sensor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 12 8 should should MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 12 9 be be VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 12 10 able able JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 12 11 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 12 12 distinguish distinguish VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 12 13 self self NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 12 14 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 12 15 non non JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 12 16 - - JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 12 17 self self JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 12 18 molecules molecule NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 12 19 that that WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 12 20 share share VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 12 21 several several JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 12 22 similar similar JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 12 23 properties property NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 12 24 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 13 1 In in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 13 2 this this DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 13 3 review review NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 13 4 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 13 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 13 6 discuss discuss VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 13 7 this this DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 13 8 interplay interplay NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 13 9 between between IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 13 10 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 13 11 pattern pattern NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 13 12 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 13 13 receptors receptor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 13 14 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 13 15 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 13 16 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 13 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 13 18 they -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 13 19 detect detect VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 13 20 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 2 describe describe VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 3 how how WRB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 4 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 5 RNAs rna NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 6 gain gain VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 7 access access NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 8 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 9 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 10 cytosol cytosol NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 11 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 12 which which WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 13 receptors receptor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 14 they -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 15 activate activate VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 16 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 17 counter counter NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 18 - - NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 19 strategies strategy NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 20 developed develop VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 21 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 22 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 23 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 24 avoid avoid VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 25 this this DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 26 response response NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 14 27 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 1 When when WRB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 2 Janeway Janeway NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 3 formulated formulate VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 4 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 5 theory theory NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 6 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 7 pattern pattern NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 8 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 9 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 10 1989 1989 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 11 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 12 he -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 13 proposed propose VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 14 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 15 host host NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 16 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 17 could could MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 18 sense sense VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 19 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 20 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 21 owing owe VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 22 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 23 receptors receptor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 24 able able JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 25 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 26 recognize recognize VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 27 invariant invariant JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 28 molecular molecular JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 29 structures structure NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 30 defined define VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 31 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 32 pathogen pathogen NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 33 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 34 associated associate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 35 molecular molecular JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 36 patterns pattern NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 38 PAMPs pamp NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 15 40 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 16 1 These these DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 16 2 patterns pattern NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 16 3 would would MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 16 4 be be VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 16 5 present present JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 16 6 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 16 7 groups group NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 16 8 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 16 9 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 16 10 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 16 11 but but CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 16 12 absent absent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 16 13 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 16 14 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 16 15 host host NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 16 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 16 17 1 1 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 16 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 16 19 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 1 Years year NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 2 later later RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 3 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 4 Janeway Janeway NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 5 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 6 Medzhitov Medzhitov NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 7 described describe VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 8 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 9 activity activity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 10 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 11 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 12 first first JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 13 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 14 member member NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 15 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 16 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 17 Toll Toll NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 18 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 19 like like JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 20 receptor receptor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 22 TLR TLR NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 24 family family NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 25 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 26 Toll Toll NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 27 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 28 like like JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 29 receptor receptor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 30 4 4 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 32 2 2 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 17 34 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 18 1 TLRs TLRs NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 18 2 comprise comprise VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 18 3 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 18 4 family family NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 18 5 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 18 6 transmembrane transmembrane NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 18 7 proteins protein NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 18 8 able able JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 18 9 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 18 10 recognize recognize VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 18 11 conserved conserve VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 18 12 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 18 13 features feature NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 18 14 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 18 15 activate activate VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 18 16 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 18 17 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 18 18 response response NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 18 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 18 20 3 3 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 18 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 18 22 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 1 Once once RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 2 activated activate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 3 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 4 TLRs tlr NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 5 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 6 others other NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 7 pattern pattern VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 8 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 9 receptors receptor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 11 PRRs PRRs NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 13 initiate initiate VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 14 several several JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 15 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 16 pathways pathway NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 17 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 18 including include VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 19 those those DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 20 mediated mediate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 21 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 22 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 23 factor factor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 24 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 25 κB κB NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 27 NF nf NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 28 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 29 κB κB NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 31 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 32 mitogen mitogen NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 33 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 34 activated activate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 35 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 36 kinases kinase NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 38 MAPKs MAPKs NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 40 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 41 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 42 interferon interferon NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 43 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 44 factors factor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 46 IRFs IRFs NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 19 48 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 1 Another another DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 2 outcome outcome NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 3 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 4 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 5 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 6 distinct distinct JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 7 members member NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 8 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 9 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 10 PRRs PRRs NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 11 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 13 oligomerization oligomerization NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 14 into into IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 15 multimeric multimeric JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 16 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 17 structures structure NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 18 called call VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 19 inflammasomes inflammasome NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 20 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 21 which which WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 22 activate activate VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 23 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 24 cysteine cysteine NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 25 protease protease NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 26 caspase-1 caspase-1 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 27 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 28 subsequently subsequently RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 29 leading lead VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 30 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 31 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 32 production production NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 33 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 34 biologically biologically RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 35 active active JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 36 forms form NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 37 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 38 pro pro JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 39 - - JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 40 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 41 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 43 4 4 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 20 45 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 1 Initially initially RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 2 thought think VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 3 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 4 detect detect VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 5 exclusively exclusively RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 6 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 7 derived derive VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 8 ligands ligand NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 9 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 10 PRRs prr NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 11 were be VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 12 later later RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 13 shown show VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 14 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 15 recognize recognize VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 16 host host NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 17 derived derive VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 18 danger danger NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 19 signals signal NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 20 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 21 which which WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 22 are be VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 23 released release VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 24 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 25 response response NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 26 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 27 stress stress NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 28 conditions condition NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 29 such such JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 30 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 31 cellular cellular JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 32 damage damage NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 33 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 34 tissue tissue NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 35 injury injury NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 37 3 3 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 21 39 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 22 1 Under under IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 22 2 normal normal JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 22 3 physiological physiological JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 22 4 conditions condition NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 22 5 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 22 6 these these DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 22 7 ligands ligand NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 22 8 are be VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 22 9 not not RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 22 10 accessible accessible JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 22 11 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 22 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 22 13 respective respective JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 22 14 PRRs prr NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 22 15 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 22 16 do do VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 22 17 not not RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 22 18 activate activate VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 22 19 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 22 20 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 22 21 system system NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 22 22 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 1 Conversely conversely RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 4 was be VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 5 first first RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 6 suggested suggest VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 7 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 8 self self NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 9 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 10 DNA dna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 11 artificially artificially RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 12 introduced introduce VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 13 into into IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 14 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 15 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 16 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 17 transfection transfection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 18 could could MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 19 activate activate VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 20 NF NF NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 21 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 22 κB κB NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 23 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 24 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 25 MAPK MAPK NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 26 pathway pathway NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 28 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 23 30 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 2 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 3 any any DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 4 DNA dna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 5 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 6 regardless regardless RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 7 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 8 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 9 origin origin NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 10 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 11 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 12 engage engage VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 13 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 14 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 15 receptors receptor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 16 when when WRB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 17 localized localize VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 18 outside outside RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 19 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 20 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 21 nucleus nucleus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 22 was be VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 23 further further RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 24 confirmed confirm VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 25 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 26 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 27 identification identification NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 28 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 29 several several JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 30 endosomal endosomal JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 31 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 32 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 33 DNA dna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 34 sensors sensor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 36 reviewed review VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 37 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 38 Ref Ref NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 24 39 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 25 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 25 2 6 6 LS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 25 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 25 4 ] ] -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 25 5 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 1 In in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 2 contrast contrast NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 3 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 4 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 5 DNA DNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 6 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 8 sensing sensing NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 9 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 10 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 11 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 12 raises raise VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 13 many many JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 14 questions question NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 15 on on IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 16 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 17 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 18 used use VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 19 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 20 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 21 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 22 system system NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 23 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 24 specifically specifically RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 25 distinguish distinguish VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 26 non non JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 27 - - JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 28 self self JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 29 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 30 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 31 from from IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 32 self self NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 33 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 34 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 26 35 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 27 1 During during IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 27 2 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 27 3 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 27 4 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 27 5 RNAs rna NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 27 6 share share VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 27 7 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 27 8 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 27 9 cellular cellular JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 27 10 compartment compartment NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 27 11 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 27 12 several several JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 27 13 host host NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 27 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 27 15 species specie NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 27 16 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 27 17 including include VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 27 18 messenger messenger NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 27 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 27 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 27 21 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 27 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 27 23 , , . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 28 1 transfer transfer NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 28 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 28 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 28 4 tRNA tRNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 28 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 28 6 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 28 7 ribosomal ribosomal NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 28 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 28 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 28 10 rRNA rRNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 28 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 28 12 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 28 13 microRNA microRNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 28 14 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 28 15 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 28 16 other other JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 28 17 small small JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 28 18 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 28 19 RNAs rna NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 28 20 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 1 As as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 2 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 3 consequence consequence NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 4 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 5 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 6 sensors sensor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 7 must must MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 8 display display VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 9 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 10 high high JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 11 affinity affinity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 12 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 13 specific specific JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 14 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 15 features feature NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 16 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 17 avoid avoid VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 18 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 19 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 20 host host NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 21 molecules molecule NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 22 that that WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 23 would would MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 24 otherwise otherwise RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 25 elicit elicit VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 26 autoimmune autoimmune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 27 responses response NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 29 28 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 30 1 Despite despite IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 30 2 this this DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 30 3 apparent apparent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 30 4 challenge challenge NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 30 5 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 30 6 efficient efficient JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 30 7 detection detection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 30 8 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 30 9 foreign foreign JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 30 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 30 11 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 30 12 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 30 13 cytosol cytosol NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 30 14 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 30 15 essential essential JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 30 16 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 30 17 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 30 18 immunity immunity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 30 19 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 31 1 During during IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 31 2 certain certain JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 31 3 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 31 4 infections infection NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 31 5 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 31 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 31 7 may may MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 31 8 be be VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 31 9 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 31 10 only only JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 31 11 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 31 12 PAMP PAMP NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 31 13 produced produce VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 31 14 throughout throughout IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 31 15 most most JJS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 31 16 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 31 17 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 31 18 replication replication NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 31 19 cycle cycle NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 31 20 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 4 laboratory laboratory NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 5 previously previously RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 6 showed show VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 7 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 8 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 9 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 10 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 11 mRNA mrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 12 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 13 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 14 cytosol cytosol NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 15 was be VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 16 critical critical JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 17 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 18 elicit elicit VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 19 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 20 robust robust JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 21 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 22 response response NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 23 against against IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 24 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 25 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 27 7 7 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 32 29 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 1 Finally finally RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 3 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 4 sensing sensing NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 5 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 6 pathogen pathogen NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 7 invasion invasion NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 8 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 9 non non JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 10 - - JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 11 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 12 infected infected JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 13 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 14 provides provide VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 15 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 16 very very RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 17 first first JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 18 steps step NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 19 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 20 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 21 response response NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 22 against against IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 23 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 24 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 25 before before IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 26 phagocytosis phagocytosis NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 27 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 28 competent competent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 29 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 30 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 31 are be VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 32 recruited recruit VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 33 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 34 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 35 site site NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 36 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 37 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 33 38 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 34 1 In in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 34 2 this this DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 34 3 review review NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 34 4 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 34 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 34 6 summarize summarize VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 34 7 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 34 8 current current JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 34 9 understanding understanding NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 34 10 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 34 11 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 34 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 34 13 sensing sensing NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 34 14 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 2 describe describe VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 3 instances instance NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 4 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 5 which which WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 6 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 7 RNAs rna NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 8 gain gain VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 9 access access NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 10 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 11 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 12 cytosol cytosol NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 13 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 14 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 15 PRRs prr NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 17 activate activate VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 18 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 20 corresponding corresponding JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 21 ligands ligand NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 22 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 23 strategies strategy NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 24 developed develop VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 25 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 26 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 27 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 28 conceal conceal VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 29 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 30 RNAs rna NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 35 31 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 36 1 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 36 2 entry entry NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 36 3 into into IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 36 4 host host NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 36 5 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 36 6 generally generally RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 36 7 takes take VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 36 8 place place NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 36 9 during during IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 36 10 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 36 11 first first JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 36 12 steps step NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 36 13 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 36 14 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 36 15 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 36 16 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 36 17 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 2 distinguish distinguish VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 3 four four CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 4 processes process NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 5 leading lead VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 6 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 7 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 8 presence presence NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 9 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 10 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 12 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 13 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 14 cytosol cytosol NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 15 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 16 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 17 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 18 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 19 where where WRB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 21 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 22 engage engage VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 23 host host NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 24 PRRs prr NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 26 Figure figure NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 27 1 1 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 37 29 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 38 1 FIGURE figure NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 38 2 1 1 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 39 1 | | NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 39 2 Cytosolic Cytosolic NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 39 3 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 39 4 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 39 5 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 39 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 39 7 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 1 Genomic Genomic NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 3 from from IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 5 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 6 access access VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 7 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 8 cytosol cytosol NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 9 immediately immediately RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 10 after after IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 11 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 12 cell cell NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 13 entry entry NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 14 step step NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 15 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 16 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 17 replication replication NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 18 cycle cycle NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 19 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 20 where where WRB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 22 may may MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 23 be be VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 24 amplified amplify VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 25 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 26 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 27 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 28 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 29 dependent dependent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 30 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 31 polymerase polymerase NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 33 RdRp RdRp NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 40 35 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 41 1 Genomic genomic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 41 2 DNA dna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 41 3 from from IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 41 4 DNA dna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 41 5 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 41 6 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 41 7 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 41 8 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 41 9 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 41 10 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 41 11 cellular cellular JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 41 12 RNA rna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 41 13 polymerase polymerase NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 41 14 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 41 15 including include VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 41 16 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 41 17 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 41 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 41 19 polymerase polymerase NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 41 20 III III NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 41 21 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 42 1 Bacterial Bacterial NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 42 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 42 3 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 42 4 access access VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 42 5 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 42 6 cytosol cytosol NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 42 7 through through IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 42 8 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 42 9 activity activity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 42 10 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 42 11 auxiliary auxiliary JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 42 12 secretion secretion NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 42 13 systems system NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 42 14 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 42 15 during during IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 42 16 passive passive JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 42 17 leakage leakage NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 42 18 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 42 19 phagosomal phagosomal NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 42 20 products product NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 42 21 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 43 1 Once once RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 43 2 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 43 3 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 43 4 cytosol cytosol NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 43 5 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 43 6 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 43 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 43 8 binds bind VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 43 9 different different JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 43 10 families family NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 43 11 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 43 12 PRRs prr NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 43 13 classified classify VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 43 14 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 43 15 RLRs rlr NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 43 16 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 43 17 non non JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 43 18 - - JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 43 19 RLR RLR NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 43 20 helicases helicase NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 43 21 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 43 22 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 43 23 other other JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 43 24 receptors receptor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 43 25 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 44 1 Downstream downstream JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 44 2 signaling signal VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 44 3 pathways pathway NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 44 4 include include VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 44 5 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 44 6 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 44 7 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 44 8 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 44 9 TRIF TRIF NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 44 10 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 44 11 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 44 12 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 44 13 NLRP3 NLRP3 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 44 14 inflammasome inflammasome NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 44 15 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 45 1 Black black JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 45 2 arrows arrow NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 45 3 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 45 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 45 5 entry entry NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 45 6 ; ; : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 45 7 red red JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 45 8 arrows arrow NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 45 9 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 45 10 signaling signal VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 45 11 pathways pathway NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 45 12 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 46 1 step step NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 46 2 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 46 3 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 46 4 replication replication NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 46 5 cycle cycle NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 46 6 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 47 1 Viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 47 2 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 47 3 directly directly RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 47 4 release release VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 47 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 47 6 genome genome NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 47 7 at at IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 47 8 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 47 9 plasma plasma NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 47 10 membrane membrane NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 47 11 after after IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 47 12 binding bind VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 47 13 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 47 14 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 47 15 receptor receptor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 47 16 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 48 1 Alternatively alternatively RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 48 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 48 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 48 4 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 48 5 be be VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 48 6 first first RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 48 7 internalized internalize VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 48 8 through through IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 48 9 endocytosis endocytosis NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 48 10 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 48 11 macropinocytosis macropinocytosis NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 48 12 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 49 1 Endocytosed endocytosed JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 49 2 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 49 3 particles particle NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 49 4 will will MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 49 5 typically typically RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 49 6 traffic traffic VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 49 7 through through IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 49 8 endosomal endosomal JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 49 9 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 49 10 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 49 11 actin actin NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 49 12 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 49 13 dependent dependent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 49 14 and/or and/or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 49 15 microtubule microtubule NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 49 16 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 49 17 dependent dependent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 49 18 transport transport NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 49 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 49 20 8) 8) NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 49 21 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 1 Specific specific JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 2 environmental environmental JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 3 triggers trigger NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 4 like like IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 5 endosomal endosomal NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 6 pH pH NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 7 acidification acidification NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 8 induce induce VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 9 either either CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 10 fusion fusion NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 11 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 12 enveloped envelop VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 13 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 14 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 15 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 16 endosome endosome NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 17 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 18 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 19 membrane membrane NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 20 penetration penetration NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 21 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 22 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 23 proteins protein NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 24 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 25 allowing allow VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 26 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 27 genetic genetic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 28 material material NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 29 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 30 be be VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 31 released release VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 32 into into IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 33 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 34 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 36 8) 8) NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 50 37 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 51 1 Alternatively alternatively RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 51 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 51 3 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 51 4 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 51 5 spread spread VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 51 6 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 51 7 direct direct JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 51 8 cell cell NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 51 9 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 51 10 cell cell NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 51 11 contact contact NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 51 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 51 13 9 9 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 51 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 51 15 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 1 Cell cell NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 2 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 3 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 4 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 5 cell cell NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 6 transmission transmission NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 7 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 8 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 9 material material NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 10 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 11 activate activate VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 12 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 13 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 14 pathways pathway NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 15 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 16 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 17 exemplified exemplify VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 18 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 19 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 20 C C NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 21 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 23 10 10 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 25 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 26 lymphocytic lymphocytic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 27 choriomeningitis choriomeningitis NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 28 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 30 11 11 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 32 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 33 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 34 human human JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 35 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 36 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 37 transmission transmission NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 39 12 12 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 52 41 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 53 1 Other other JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 53 2 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 53 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 53 4 PAMPs pamp NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 53 5 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 53 6 be be VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 53 7 produced produce VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 53 8 during during IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 53 9 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 53 10 replication replication NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 53 11 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 54 1 David David NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 54 2 Baltimore Baltimore NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 54 3 has have VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 54 4 defined define VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 54 5 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 54 6 classification classification NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 54 7 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 54 8 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 54 9 based base VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 54 10 on on IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 54 11 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 54 12 mechanism mechanism NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 54 13 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 54 14 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 54 15 production production NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 54 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 54 17 13 13 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 54 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 54 19 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 1 Viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 2 are be VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 3 clustered cluster VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 4 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 5 seven seven CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 6 groups group NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 7 depending depend VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 8 on on IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 10 genomes genome NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 12 DNA DNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 13 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 16 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 17 strandedness strandedness NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 19 single single JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 20 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 21 double double JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 23 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 24 sense sense NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 25 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 26 antisense antisense NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 27 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 28 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 29 method method NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 30 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 31 replication replication NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 55 32 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 56 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 56 2 type type NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 56 3 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 56 4 RNA rna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 56 5 ligands ligand NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 56 6 produced produce VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 56 7 during during IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 56 8 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 56 9 replication replication NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 56 10 will will MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 56 11 depend depend VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 56 12 on on IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 56 13 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 56 14 type type NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 56 15 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 56 16 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 56 17 genome genome NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 56 18 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 56 19 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 56 20 strategy strategy NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 56 21 used use VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 56 22 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 56 23 generate generate VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 56 24 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 56 25 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 1 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 2 ligands ligand NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 3 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 4 be be VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 5 generated generate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 6 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 7 DNA dna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 8 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 9 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 10 retroviruses retrovirus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 11 via via IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 12 genome genome NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 13 transcription transcription NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 14 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 15 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 16 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 17 synthesis synthesis NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 18 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 19 mRNA mrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 20 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 21 replication replication NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 22 intermediates intermediate NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 23 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 24 RNA rna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 25 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 26 dependent dependent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 27 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 28 polymerases polymerase NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 30 RdRps RdRps NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 32 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 33 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 34 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 36 8) 8) NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 57 37 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 58 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 58 2 has have VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 58 3 been be VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 58 4 shown show VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 58 5 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 58 6 ligands ligand NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 58 7 generated generate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 58 8 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 58 9 phagolysosomes phagolysosome NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 58 10 after after IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 58 11 phagocytosis phagocytosis NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 58 12 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 58 13 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 58 14 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 58 15 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 58 16 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 58 17 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 58 18 engage engage VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 58 19 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 58 20 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 58 21 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 58 22 receptors receptor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 58 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 58 24 14 14 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 58 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 58 26 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 59 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 59 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 59 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 59 4 showed show VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 59 5 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 59 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 59 7 from from IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 59 8 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 59 9 coli coli NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 59 10 could could MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 59 11 activate activate VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 59 12 receptors receptor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 59 13 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 59 14 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 59 15 cytosol cytosol NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 59 16 after after IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 59 17 phagocytosis phagocytosis NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 59 18 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 59 19 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 59 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 59 21 7 7 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 59 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 59 23 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 2 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 3 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 4 phagosomes phagosomes NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 5 carrying carry VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 6 E. E. NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 7 coli coli NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 8 exhibit exhibit NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 9 intrinsic intrinsic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 10 leakiness leakiness NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 11 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 12 suggesting suggest VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 13 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 14 mechanism mechanism NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 15 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 16 which which WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 17 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 19 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 20 irrespective irrespective RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 21 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 22 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 23 activity activity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 24 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 25 virulence virulence NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 26 factors factor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 27 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 28 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 29 gain gain VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 30 access access NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 31 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 32 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 33 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 35 7 7 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 60 37 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 61 1 Alternatively alternatively RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 61 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 61 3 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 61 4 express express VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 61 5 secretion secretion NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 61 6 systems system NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 61 7 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 61 8 translocate translocate VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 61 9 products product NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 61 10 outside outside RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 61 11 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 61 12 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 61 13 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 61 14 cell cell NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 61 15 wall wall NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 61 16 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 1 In in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 2 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 3 case case NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 4 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 5 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 6 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 7 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 8 auxiliary auxiliary JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 9 secretion secretion NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 10 systems system NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 11 like like IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 12 SecA2 SecA2 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 13 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 14 Listeria Listeria NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 15 monocytogenes monocytogene NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 16 have have VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 17 been be VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 18 shown show VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 19 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 20 actively actively RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 21 translocate translocate VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 22 Listeria Listeria NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 23 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 24 into into IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 25 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 26 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 27 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 28 resulting result VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 29 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 30 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 31 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 32 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 33 sensors sensor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 35 15 15 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 36 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 37 16 16 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 62 39 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 63 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 63 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 63 3 another another DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 63 4 study study NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 63 5 proved prove VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 63 6 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 63 7 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 63 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 63 9 sensors sensor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 63 10 participate participate VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 63 11 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 63 12 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 63 13 type type NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 63 14 1 1 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 63 15 interferon interferon NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 63 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 63 17 IFN IFN NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 63 18 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 63 19 I I NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 63 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 63 21 response response NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 63 22 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 63 23 Legionella Legionella NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 63 24 pneumophila pneumophila NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 63 25 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 1 Although although IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 2 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 3 authors author NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 4 did do VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 5 not not RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 6 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 7 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 8 translocation translocation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 9 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 10 Legionella Legionella NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 12 into into IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 13 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 14 cytosol cytosol NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 15 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 16 infected infected JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 17 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 18 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 19 they -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 20 discuss discuss VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 22 data datum NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 23 through through IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 24 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 25 model model NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 26 where where WRB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 27 it -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 28 would would MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 29 be be VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 30 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 31 case case NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 33 17 17 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 64 35 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 65 1 Future future JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 65 2 studies study NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 65 3 looking look VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 65 4 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 65 5 additional additional JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 65 6 secreted secrete VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 65 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 65 8 will will MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 65 9 likely likely RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 65 10 provide provide VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 65 11 additional additional JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 65 12 insights insight NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 65 13 on on IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 65 14 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 65 15 interaction interaction NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 65 16 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 65 17 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 65 18 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 65 19 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 65 20 system system NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 65 21 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 1 Two two CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 2 independent independent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 3 groups group NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 4 have have VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 5 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 6 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 7 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 8 dsDNA dsdna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 9 triggers trigger VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 10 IFN IFN NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 11 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 12 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 13 production production NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 14 via via IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 16 polymerase polymerase NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 17 III III NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 18 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 19 which which WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 20 transcribes transcribe VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 21 DNA DNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 22 into into IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 23 5'-triphosphate 5'-triphosphate CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 25 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 26 -ppp -ppp SYM cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 28 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 29 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 30 subsequently subsequently RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 31 recognized recognize VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 32 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 33 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 34 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 35 receptors receptor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 37 18 18 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 38 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 39 19 19 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 66 41 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 1 This this DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 2 pathway pathway NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 3 has have VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 4 been be VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 5 involved involve VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 6 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 7 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 8 sensing sensing NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 9 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 10 DNA dna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 11 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 12 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 13 like like IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 14 Epstein Epstein NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 15 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 16 Barr Barr NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 17 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 18 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 19 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 20 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 21 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 22 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 23 like like IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 24 L. L. NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 25 pneumophila pneumophila NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 27 18 18 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 28 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 29 19 19 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 67 31 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 68 1 Although although IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 68 2 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 68 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 68 4 intermediate intermediate NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 68 5 produced produce VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 68 6 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 68 7 not not RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 68 8 sensu sensu NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 68 9 stricto stricto NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 68 10 microbial microbial NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 68 11 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 68 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 68 13 generation generation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 68 14 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 68 15 due due JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 68 16 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 68 17 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 68 18 activity activity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 68 19 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 68 20 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 68 21 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 68 22 invader invader NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 68 23 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 2 best well RBS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 3 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 4 studied study VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 5 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 7 sensors sensor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 8 are be VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 9 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 10 three three CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 11 members member NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 12 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 13 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 14 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 15 I i NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 16 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 17 like like JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 18 Receptors receptor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 20 RLRs RLRs NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 22 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 23 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 24 subfamily subfamily NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 25 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 26 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 27 DExD DExD NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 28 / / SYM cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 29 Hbox Hbox NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 30 family family NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 31 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 32 helicases helicase NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 69 33 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 2 consist consist VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 3 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 4 retinoic retinoic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 5 acid acid NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 6 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 7 inducible inducible JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 8 gene gene NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 9 I i NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 11 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 12 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 13 I I NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 15 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 16 melanoma melanoma NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 17 differentiation differentiation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 18 factor factor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 19 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 21 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 23 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 24 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 25 laboratory laboratory NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 26 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 27 genetics genetic NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 28 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 29 physiology physiology NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 30 2 2 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 32 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 70 34 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 2 share share VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 3 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 4 similar similar JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 5 organization organization NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 6 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 7 three three CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 8 distinct distinct JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 9 domains domain NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 10 : : : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 12 i i NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 14 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 15 C c NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 16 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 17 terminal terminal NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 18 repressor repressor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 19 domain domain NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 21 RD RD NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 23 embedded embed VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 24 within within IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 25 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 26 C c NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 27 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 28 terminal terminal NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 29 domain domain NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 31 CTD CTD NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 33 ; ; : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 35 ii ii NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 37 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 38 central central JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 39 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 40 containing containing NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 41 DExD DExD NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 42 / / SYM cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 43 H h NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 44 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 45 box box NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 46 helicase helicase NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 47 domain domain NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 48 able able JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 49 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 50 bind bind VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 51 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 52 ; ; : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 53 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 55 iii iii NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 57 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 58 N n CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 59 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 60 terminal terminal JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 61 tandem tandem NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 62 CARD card NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 63 domain domain NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 64 that that WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 65 mediates mediate VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 66 downstream downstream RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 67 signaling signaling NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 68 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 69 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 70 which which WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 71 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 72 present present JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 73 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 74 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 75 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 76 I I NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 77 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 78 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 79 but but CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 80 absent absent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 81 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 82 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 71 83 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 1 Upon upon IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 2 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 3 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 5 ligands ligand NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 6 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 7 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 8 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 9 I I NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 10 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 11 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 12 are be VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 13 subsequently subsequently RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 14 recruited recruit VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 15 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 16 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 17 adaptor adaptor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 18 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 19 Mitochondrial Mitochondrial NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 20 Antiviral Antiviral NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 21 Signaling Signaling NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 23 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 25 via via IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 26 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 27 CARD card NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 28 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 29 CARD card NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 30 interaction interaction NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 31 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 32 lead lead NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 33 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 34 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 35 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 36 NF nf NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 37 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 38 κB κB NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 39 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 40 IRFs IRFs NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 42 20 20 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 45 21 21 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 48 22 22 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 51 23 23 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 72 53 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 1 In in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 2 contrast contrast NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 3 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 4 TLR TLR NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 5 expression expression NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 6 that that WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 7 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 8 predominantly predominantly RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 9 expressed express VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 10 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 11 specialized specialized JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 12 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 13 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 14 such such JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 15 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 16 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 17 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 18 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 19 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 21 DCs DCs NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 23 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 24 RLRs rlr NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 25 are be VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 26 found find VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 27 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 28 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 29 cytosol cytosol NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 30 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 31 most most JJS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 32 cell cell NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 33 types type NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 34 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 35 are be VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 36 strongly strongly RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 37 induced induce VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 38 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 39 response response NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 40 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 41 IFN IFN NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 42 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 43 I I NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 45 24 24 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 46 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 47 25 25 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 73 49 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 74 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 74 2 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 74 3 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 74 4 I i NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 74 5 ligand ligand NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 74 6 has have VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 74 7 been be VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 74 8 characterized characterize VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 74 9 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 74 10 an an DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 74 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 74 12 molecule molecule NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 74 13 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 74 14 two two CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 74 15 distinct distinct JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 74 16 features feature NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 74 17 : : : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 2 i i NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 4 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 5 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 6 -ppp -ppp : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 7 moiety moiety NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 9 26 26 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 10 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 11 27 27 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 13 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 15 ii ii NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 17 bluntend bluntend NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 18 base base NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 19 pair pair NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 20 at at IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 21 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 22 5'-end 5'-end CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 24 28 28 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 25 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 26 29 29 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 75 28 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 1 Blunt blunt JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 2 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 3 end end NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 4 base base NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 5 pairs pair NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 6 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 7 be be VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 8 found find VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 9 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 10 double double RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 11 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 12 stranded strand VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 15 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 17 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 18 secondary secondary JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 20 structures structure NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 21 such such JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 22 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 23 hairpin hairpin NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 24 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 25 panhandle panhandle NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 26 conformations conformation NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 28 28 28 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 29 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 30 29 29 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 76 32 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 1 Recent recent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 2 structural structural JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 3 studies study NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 4 have have VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 5 contributed contribute VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 6 toward toward IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 7 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 8 better well JJR cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 9 understanding understanding NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 10 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 11 ligand ligand NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 12 binding binding NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 13 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 14 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 15 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 16 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 17 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 18 I. I. NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 19 Specificity Specificity NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 20 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 21 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 22 -ppp -ppp : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 23 binding binding NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 24 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 25 conferred confer VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 26 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 27 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 28 CTD CTD NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 29 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 30 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 31 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 32 helicase helicase NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 33 domain domain NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 34 binds bind VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 35 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 36 double double RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 37 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 38 stranded stranded JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 39 part part NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 40 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 41 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 42 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 77 43 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 1 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 2 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 4 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 5 normally normally RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 6 held hold VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 7 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 8 an an DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 9 auto auto NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 10 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 11 repressed repress VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 12 conformation conformation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 13 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 14 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 15 ligand ligand NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 16 binding binding NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 17 results result NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 18 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 19 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 20 conformational conformational JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 21 change change NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 22 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 23 releasing release VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 24 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 25 CARD card NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 26 domain domain NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 27 which which WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 28 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 29 subsequently subsequently RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 30 initiate initiate VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 31 signaling signal VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 32 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 33 association association NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 34 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 35 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 37 30 30 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 78 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 79 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 79 2 31 31 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 79 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 79 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 79 5 32 32 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 79 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 79 7 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 80 1 Despite despite IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 80 2 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 80 3 increasing increase VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 80 4 amount amount NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 80 5 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 80 6 high high JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 80 7 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 80 8 resolution resolution NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 80 9 crystal crystal NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 80 10 data datum NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 80 11 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 80 12 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 80 13 consensus consensus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 80 14 definition definition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 80 15 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 80 16 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 80 17 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 80 18 I i NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 80 19 ligand ligand NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 80 20 remains remain VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 80 21 controversial controversial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 80 22 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 81 1 Other other JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 81 2 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 2 ligands ligand NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 3 have have VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 4 been be VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 5 indeed indeed RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 6 described describe VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 7 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 8 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 9 literature literature NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 10 including include VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 11 long long RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 13 33 33 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 15 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 16 short short JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 17 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 19 34 34 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 22 35 35 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 25 36 36 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 27 lacking lack VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 28 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 29 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 30 -ppp -ppp : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 82 31 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 1 However however RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 3 thermodynamic thermodynamic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 4 analysis analysis NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 5 have have VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 6 shown show VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 7 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 8 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 9 full full JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 10 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 11 length length NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 12 human human JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 13 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 14 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 15 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 16 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 17 binds bind VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 18 5'-ppp 5'-ppp CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 19 dsRNA dsRNA NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 20 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 21 126-fold 126-fold CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 22 higher high JJR cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 23 affinity affinity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 24 than than IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 25 5'-OH 5'-oh CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 26 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 27 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 28 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 29 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 30 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 31 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 32 361-fold 361-fold CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 33 higher high JJR cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 34 affinity affinity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 35 than than IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 36 short short JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 37 single single JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 38 stranded strand VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 39 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 41 ssRNA ssRNA VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 43 lacking lack VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 44 secondary secondary JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 45 structure structure NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 47 37 37 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 83 49 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 84 1 Many many JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 84 2 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 84 3 families family NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 84 4 display display VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 84 5 blunt blunt JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 84 6 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 84 7 end end NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 84 8 base base NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 84 9 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 84 10 paired pair VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 84 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 84 12 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 84 13 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 84 14 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 84 15 -ppp -ppp : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 84 16 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 84 17 directly directly RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 84 18 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 84 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 84 20 genomic genomic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 84 21 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 84 22 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 84 23 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 84 24 replication replication NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 84 25 intermediates intermediate NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 84 26 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 1 Consistent consistent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 2 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 3 this this DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 4 notion notion NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 5 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 6 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 7 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 8 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 9 has have VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 10 been be VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 11 shown show VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 12 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 13 be be VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 14 involved involve VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 15 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 16 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 17 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 18 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 19 many many JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 20 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 21 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 22 either either CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 23 antisense antisense NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 25 −)ssRNA −)ssRNA `` cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 26 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 28 38 38 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 29 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 30 39 39 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 32 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 33 sense sense NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 35 + + NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 85 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 86 1 ssRNA ssrna UH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 86 2 / / , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 86 3 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 86 4 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 86 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 86 6 40 40 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 86 7 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 86 8 41 41 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 86 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 86 10 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 1 Notably notably RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 2 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 3 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 4 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 5 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 6 detect detect VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 7 panhandle panhandle JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 8 structures structure NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 9 found find VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 10 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 11 LaCrosse lacrosse NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 12 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 13 particles particle NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 15 39 39 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 17 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 18 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 19 influenza influenza JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 20 genomic genomic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 21 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 23 28 28 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 24 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 25 38 38 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 87 27 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 1 Sendai Sendai NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 2 Virus Virus NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 4 SeV sev NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 6 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 7 other other JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 8 Mononegavirales Mononegavirales NNPS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 9 produce produce VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 10 defective defective JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 11 interfering interfere VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 13 DI DI NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 15 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 16 genomes genome NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 17 containing contain VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 18 panhandle panhandle NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 19 structures structure NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 20 that that WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 21 activate activate VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 22 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 23 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 24 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 25 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 26 infected infected JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 27 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 29 42 42 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 88 31 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 1 Retinoic retinoic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 2 acid acid NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 3 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 4 inducible inducible JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 5 gene gene NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 6 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 7 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 8 has have VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 9 not not RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 10 been be VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 11 limited limit VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 12 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 14 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 15 since since IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 16 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 17 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 18 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 19 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 20 involved involve VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 21 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 22 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 23 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 24 DNA dna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 25 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 26 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 27 such such JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 28 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 29 Epstein Epstein NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 30 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 31 Barr Barr NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 32 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 33 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 34 adenovirus adenovirus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 35 through through IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 36 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 37 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 38 polymerase polymerase NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 39 III iii CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 40 pathway pathway NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 42 18 18 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 43 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 44 43 43 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 45 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 46 44 44 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 89 48 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 90 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 90 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 90 3 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 90 4 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 90 5 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 90 6 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 90 7 also also RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 90 8 able able JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 90 9 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 90 10 detect detect VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 90 11 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 90 12 infections infection NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 90 13 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 1 Bacterial bacterial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 2 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 3 are be VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 4 not not RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 5 capped cap VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 6 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 7 it -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 8 has have VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 9 been be VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 10 estimated estimate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 11 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 12 approximately approximately RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 13 40 40 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 14 % % NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 15 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 17 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 18 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 19 E. E. NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 20 coli coli NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 21 have have VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 22 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 23 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 24 -ppp -ppp : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 26 45 45 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 91 28 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 1 Reports report NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 2 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 3 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 4 literature literature NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 5 describe describe VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 6 sensing sensing NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 7 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 8 L. L. NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 9 monocytogenes monocytogenes NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 10 secreted secrete VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 13 15 15 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 14 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 15 16 16 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 17 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 18 purified purify VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 19 Legionella Legionella NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 21 17 17 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 23 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 24 Helicobacter Helicobacter NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 25 pylori pylori NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 26 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 28 46 46 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 92 30 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 93 1 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 93 2 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 93 3 I. I. NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 93 4 Finally finally RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 93 5 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 93 6 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 93 7 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 93 8 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 93 9 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 93 10 also also RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 93 11 sense sense VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 93 12 Shigella Shigella NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 93 13 flexneri flexneri NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 93 14 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 93 15 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 93 16 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 93 17 through through IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 93 18 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 93 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 93 20 polymerase polymerase NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 93 21 III iii CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 93 22 pathway pathway NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 93 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 93 24 47 47 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 93 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 93 26 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 1 Melanoma melanoma NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 2 differentiation differentiation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 3 factor factor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 4 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 5 ligand ligand NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 6 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 7 less less RBR cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 8 characterized characterize VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 9 than than IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 10 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 11 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 12 I. i. NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 13 Using use VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 14 poly(I poly(I NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 15 : : : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 16 C C NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 18 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 19 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 20 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 21 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 22 mimic mimic VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 23 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 24 studies study NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 25 have have VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 26 shown show VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 27 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 28 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 29 binds bind VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 30 long long RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 31 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 32 but but CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 33 not not RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 34 short short JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 35 dsRNA dsRNA NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 37 35 35 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 38 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 39 40 40 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 40 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 41 48 48 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 94 43 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 1 Structural structural JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 2 analyses analysis NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 3 have have VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 4 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 5 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 6 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 7 specifically specifically RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 8 recognizes recognize VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 9 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 10 internal internal JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 11 duplex duplex JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 12 structure structure NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 13 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 14 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 15 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 16 uses use VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 18 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 19 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 20 platform platform NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 21 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 22 stack stack VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 23 along along RP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 24 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 25 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 26 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 27 head head NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 28 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 29 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 30 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 31 tail tail NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 32 arrangement arrangement NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 95 33 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 96 1 This this DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 96 2 mechanism mechanism NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 96 3 promotes promote VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 96 4 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 96 5 assembly assembly NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 96 6 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 96 7 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 96 8 tandem tandem JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 96 9 CARD card NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 96 10 oligomers oligomer NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 96 11 that that WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 96 12 activates activate VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 96 13 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 96 14 signaling signal VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 96 15 adaptor adaptor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 96 16 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 96 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 96 18 49 49 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 96 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 96 20 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 97 1 Melanoma melanoma NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 97 2 differentiation differentiation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 97 3 factor factor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 97 4 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 97 5 detects detect VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 97 6 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 97 7 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 97 8 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 97 9 families family NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 97 10 known know VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 97 11 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 97 12 produce produce VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 97 13 long long JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 97 14 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 97 15 structures structure NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 97 16 during during IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 97 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 97 18 replication replication NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 97 19 cycle cycle NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 97 20 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 97 21 including include VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 97 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 97 23 + + CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 1 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 2 ssRNA ssRNA `` cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 3 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 4 like like IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 5 picornaviruses picornavirus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 6 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 7 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 8 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 9 like like IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 10 reoviruses reovirus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 11 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 12 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 13 DNA dna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 14 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 15 like like IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 16 poxviruses poxvirus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 18 35 35 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 19 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 21 50 50 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 24 51 51 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 27 52 52 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 30 53 53 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 98 32 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 1 In in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 2 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 3 case case NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 4 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 6 + + NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 8 ssRNA ssRNA -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 9 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 10 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 11 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 12 fluorescent fluorescent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 13 imaging imaging NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 14 studies study NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 15 have have VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 16 confirmed confirm VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 17 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 18 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 19 recognizes recognize VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 20 preferentially preferentially RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 21 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 22 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 23 generated generate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 24 during during IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 25 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 26 replication replication NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 27 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 28 these these DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 29 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 30 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 31 but but CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 32 not not RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 33 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 34 genomic genomic NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 35 ssRNA ssrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 37 54 54 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 99 39 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 1 Prior prior RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 2 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 3 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 4 structural structural JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 5 study study NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 6 mentioned mention VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 7 above above RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 8 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 9 multiple multiple JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 10 observations observation NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 11 raised raise VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 12 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 13 possibility possibility NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 14 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 15 there there EX cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 16 may may MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 17 exist exist VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 18 additional additional JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 19 MDA5 mda5 JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 20 ligands ligand NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 21 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 22 different different JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 23 from from IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 24 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 25 consensus consensus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 26 long long JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 27 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 100 28 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 1 Thus thus RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 3 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 4 study study NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 5 has have VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 6 shown show VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 7 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 8 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 9 cooperates cooperate VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 10 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 11 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 12 ribonuclease ribonuclease NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 13 RNase RNase NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 14 L L NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 15 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 16 induce induce VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 17 IFN IFN NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 18 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 19 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 20 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 21 response response NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 22 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 23 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 24 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 25 mRNA mrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 26 from from IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 27 parainfluenza parainfluenza NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 28 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 29 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 31 55 55 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 101 33 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 102 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 102 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 102 3 RNase RNase NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 102 4 L L NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 102 5 converts convert VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 102 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 102 7 into into IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 102 8 small small JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 102 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 102 10 products product NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 102 11 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 102 12 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 102 13 shorter short JJR cord-323756-atnrw9ew 102 14 length length NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 102 15 than than IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 102 16 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 102 17 current current JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 102 18 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 102 19 www.frontiersin.org www.frontiersin.org IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 102 20 ligand ligand NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 102 21 definition definition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 102 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 102 23 56 56 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 102 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 102 25 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 1 Another another DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 2 work work NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 3 published publish VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 4 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 5 same same JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 6 year year NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 7 has have VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 8 shown show VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 9 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 10 mRNA mrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 11 lacking lack VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 12 2'-O 2'-o CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 13 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 14 methylation methylation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 15 at at IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 17 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 18 ' ' '' cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 19 cap cap NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 20 structure structure NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 21 induces induce VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 22 production production NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 23 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 24 IFN IFN NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 25 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 26 I I NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 27 through through IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 28 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 29 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 31 57 57 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 103 33 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 1 However however RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 3 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 4 data datum NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 5 published publish VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 6 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 7 which which WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 8 focus focus VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 9 on on IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 10 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 11 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 12 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 13 did do VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 14 not not RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 15 elucidate elucidate VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 16 whether whether IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 17 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 18 absence absence NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 19 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 20 methylation methylation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 21 was be VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 22 directly directly RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 23 recognized recognize VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 24 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 25 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 26 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 27 via via IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 28 another another DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 29 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 31 57 57 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 104 33 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 105 1 After after IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 105 2 binding bind VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 105 3 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 105 4 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 105 5 specific specific JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 105 6 ligands ligand NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 105 7 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 105 8 both both CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 105 9 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 105 10 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 105 11 I I NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 105 12 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 105 13 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 105 14 activate activate VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 105 15 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 105 16 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 105 17 trigger trigger VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 105 18 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 105 19 common common JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 105 20 signaling signal VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 105 21 pathway pathway NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 105 22 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 2 majority majority NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 3 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 4 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 5 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 6 localized localize VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 7 on on IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 8 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 9 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 10 membrane membrane NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 11 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 13 engagement engagement NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 14 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 15 RLRs rlr NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 16 causes cause VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 17 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 18 conformational conformational JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 19 change change NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 20 that that WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 21 propagates propagate VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 22 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 23 adjacent adjacent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 24 un un NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 25 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 26 activated activate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 27 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 28 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 29 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 30 prion prion NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 31 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 32 like like JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 33 behavior behavior NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 35 58 58 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 106 37 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 107 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 107 2 formation formation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 107 3 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 107 4 these these DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 107 5 very very RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 107 6 large large JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 107 7 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 107 8 aggregates aggregate VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 107 9 results result VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 107 10 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 107 11 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 107 12 largescale largescale JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 107 13 amplification amplification NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 107 14 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 107 15 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 107 16 signaling signal VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 107 17 cascade cascade NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 107 18 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 1 This this DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 2 cascade cascade NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 3 involves involve VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 4 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 5 recruitment recruitment NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 6 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 7 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 8 adaptor adaptor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 9 molecules molecule NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 10 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 11 followed follow VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 12 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 13 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 14 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 15 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 16 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 17 canonical canonical JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 18 IKKs ikk NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 19 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 20 IKK IKK NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 21 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 22 α α NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 23 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 24 IKK IKK NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 25 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 26 β β NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 27 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 28 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 29 IKK IKK NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 30 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 31 γ γ NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 32 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 33 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 34 MAPK MAPK NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 35 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 36 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 37 non non JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 38 - - JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 39 canonical canonical JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 40 IKK IKK NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 41 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 42 related relate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 43 kinase kinase NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 44 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 45 TBK1 TBK1 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 46 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 47 IKKi IKKi NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 48 / / SYM cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 49 ε ε NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 108 50 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 1 Ultimately ultimately RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 3 specific specific JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 4 transcription transcription NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 5 factors factor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 6 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 7 such such JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 8 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 9 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 10 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 11 NF NF NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 12 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 13 κB κB NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 14 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 15 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 16 depending depend VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 17 on on IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 18 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 19 cell cell NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 20 type type NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 21 IRF5 IRF5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 22 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 23 IRF7 IRF7 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 24 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 25 are be VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 26 translocated translocate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 27 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 28 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 29 nucleus nucleus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 30 where where WRB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 31 they -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 32 promote promote VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 33 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 34 expression expression NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 35 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 36 IFN IFN NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 37 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 38 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 39 genes gene NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 40 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 41 pro pro JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 42 - - JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 43 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 44 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 46 reviewed review VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 47 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 48 Ref Ref NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 109 49 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 110 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 110 2 59 59 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 110 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 110 4 ] ] -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 110 5 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 1 Finally finally RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 3 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 4 has have VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 5 been be VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 6 recently recently RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 7 shown show VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 8 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 9 interact interact VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 10 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 11 NODlike nodlike NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 12 receptor receptor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 13 family family NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 14 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 15 pyrin pyrin NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 16 domain domain NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 17 containing contain VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 18 3 3 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 20 NLRP3 NLRP3 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 22 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 23 promote promote VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 24 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 25 recruitment recruitment NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 26 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 27 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 28 mitochondria mitochondrion NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 111 29 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 2 authors author NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 3 emphasize emphasize VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 4 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 5 central central JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 6 role role NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 7 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 8 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 9 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 10 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 11 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 12 signaling signal VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 13 events event NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 14 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 15 showing show VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 16 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 17 importance importance NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 18 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 19 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 20 functioning functioning NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 21 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 22 NLRP3 NLRP3 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 23 inflammasome inflammasome NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 24 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 25 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 26 production production NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 27 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 28 IL-1β IL-1β NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 30 60 60 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 112 32 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 113 1 Of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 113 2 note note NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 113 3 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 113 4 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 113 5 independent independent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 113 6 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 113 7 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 113 8 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 113 9 NLRP3 NLRP3 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 113 10 inflammasome inflammasome NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 113 11 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 113 12 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 113 13 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 113 14 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 113 15 has have VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 113 16 also also RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 113 17 been be VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 113 18 reported report VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 113 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 113 20 61 61 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 113 21 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 113 22 62 62 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 113 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 113 24 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 2 third third JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 3 member member NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 4 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 5 RLRs rlr NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 6 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 7 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 8 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 9 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 10 able able JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 11 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 12 bind bind VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 13 dsRNA dsrna JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 15 63 63 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 16 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 17 64 64 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 19 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 20 however however RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 21 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 22 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 23 role role NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 24 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 25 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 26 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 27 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 28 poorly poorly RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 29 understood understand VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 114 30 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 115 1 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 115 2 was be VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 115 3 proposed propose VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 115 4 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 115 5 be be VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 115 6 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 115 7 modulator modulator NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 115 8 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 115 9 RLR RLR NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 115 10 signaling signaling NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 115 11 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 116 1 Studies study NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 116 2 showed show VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 116 3 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 116 4 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 116 5 was be VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 116 6 required require VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 116 7 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 116 8 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 116 9 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 116 10 I I NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 116 11 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 116 12 MDA5 mda5 JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 116 13 activity activity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 116 14 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 116 15 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 116 16 particular particular JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 116 17 during during IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 116 18 picornaviral picornaviral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 116 19 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 116 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 116 21 65 65 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 116 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 117 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 117 2 66 66 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 117 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 118 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 118 2 67 67 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 118 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 118 4 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 119 1 Another another DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 119 2 work work NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 119 3 proposed propose VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 119 4 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 119 5 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 119 6 would would MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 119 7 inhibit inhibit VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 119 8 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 119 9 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 119 10 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 119 11 through through IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 119 12 competition competition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 119 13 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 119 14 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 119 15 ligand ligand NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 119 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 119 17 64 64 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 119 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 119 19 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 120 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 120 2 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 120 3 however however RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 120 4 unclear unclear JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 120 5 whether whether IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 120 6 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 120 7 binds bind VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 120 8 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 120 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 120 10 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 120 11 an an DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 120 12 infectious infectious JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 120 13 context context NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 120 14 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 120 15 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 120 16 what what WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 120 17 specific specific JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 120 18 features feature NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 120 19 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 120 20 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 120 21 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 120 22 it -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 120 23 would would MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 120 24 recognize recognize VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 120 25 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 121 1 Further further JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 121 2 studies study NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 121 3 will will MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 121 4 be be VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 121 5 required require VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 121 6 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 121 7 clarify clarify VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 121 8 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 121 9 precise precise JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 121 10 role role NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 121 11 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 121 12 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 121 13 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 122 1 Apart apart RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 122 2 from from IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 122 3 RLR RLR NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 122 4 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 122 5 several several JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 122 6 recent recent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 122 7 studies study NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 122 8 have have VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 122 9 highlighted highlight VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 122 10 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 122 11 importance importance NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 122 12 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 122 13 other other JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 122 14 DExD DExD NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 122 15 / / SYM cord-323756-atnrw9ew 122 16 H h NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 122 17 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 122 18 box box NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 122 19 helicases helicase NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 122 20 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 122 21 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 122 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 122 23 sensing sensing NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 122 24 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 123 1 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 123 2 helicases helicase NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 123 3 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 123 4 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 123 5 DEAD DEAD NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 123 6 box box NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 123 7 family family NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 123 8 are be VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 123 9 involved involve VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 123 10 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 123 11 various various JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 123 12 different different JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 123 13 steps step NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 123 14 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 123 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 123 16 metabolism metabolism NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 123 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 123 18 reviewed review VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 123 19 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 123 20 Ref Ref NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 123 21 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 124 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 124 2 68 68 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 124 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 124 4 ] ] -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 124 5 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 125 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 125 2 share share VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 125 3 eight eight CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 125 4 conserved conserved JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 125 5 motifs motif NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 125 6 that that WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 125 7 are be VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 125 8 involved involve VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 125 9 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 125 10 ATP ATP NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 125 11 binding binding NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 125 12 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 125 13 ATP ATP NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 125 14 hydrolysis hydrolysis NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 125 15 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 125 16 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 125 17 acid acid NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 125 18 binding binding NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 125 19 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 125 20 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 125 21 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 125 22 unwinding unwinding NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 125 23 activity activity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 125 24 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 3 most most JJS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 4 DExD dexd JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 5 / / SYM cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 6 H h NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 7 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 8 box box NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 9 helicases helicase NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 10 contain contain VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 11 auxiliary auxiliary JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 12 Nand Nand NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 13 C C NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 14 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 15 terminal terminal NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 16 domains domain NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 17 that that WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 18 confer confer VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 19 on on IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 20 them -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 21 functional functional JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 22 specificities specificity NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 23 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 24 such such JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 25 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 26 an an DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 27 ability ability NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 28 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 29 induce induce VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 30 downstream downstream JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 31 signaling signaling NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 32 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 33 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 34 bind bind VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 35 specific specific JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 36 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 37 targets target NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 39 69 69 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 126 41 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 127 1 DDX3 DDX3 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 127 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 127 3 DDX3X DDX3X NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 127 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 127 5 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 127 6 bind bind VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 127 7 poly(I poly(I NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 127 8 : : : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 127 9 C C NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 127 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 127 11 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 127 12 vesicular vesicular JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 127 13 stomatitis stomatitis NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 127 14 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 127 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 127 16 VSV VSV NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 127 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 127 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 128 1 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 128 2 was be VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 128 3 shown show VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 128 4 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 128 5 enhance enhance VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 128 6 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 128 7 IFN IFN NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 128 8 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 128 9 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 128 10 response response NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 128 11 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 128 12 VSV VSV NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 128 13 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 128 14 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 128 15 interaction interaction NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 128 16 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 128 17 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 128 18 RLR RLR NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 128 19 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 128 20 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 128 21 complex complex JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 128 22 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 129 1 Overexpression overexpression NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 129 2 assays assay NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 129 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 129 4 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 129 5 DDX3 DDX3 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 129 6 precipitates precipitate VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 129 7 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 129 8 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 129 9 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 129 10 I I NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 129 11 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 129 12 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 129 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 129 14 70 70 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 129 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 129 16 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 1 Since since IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 2 DDX3 DDX3 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 3 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 4 easily easily RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 5 detected detect VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 6 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 7 resting rest VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 8 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 9 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 10 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 11 authors author NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 12 propose propose VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 13 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 14 sentinel sentinel JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 15 role role NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 16 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 17 this this DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 18 helicase helicase NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 19 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 20 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 21 activity activity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 22 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 23 which which WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 24 would would MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 25 be be VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 26 required require VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 27 during during IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 28 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 29 initial initial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 30 steps step NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 31 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 32 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 33 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 130 34 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 1 Another another DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 2 study study NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 3 showed show VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 4 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 5 upon upon IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 6 SeV sev NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 7 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 8 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 9 DDX3 DDX3 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 10 interacts interact VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 11 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 12 IKKε IKKε NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 13 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 14 an an DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 15 essential essential JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 16 component component NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 17 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 18 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 19 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 20 signaling signal VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 21 pathway pathway NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 22 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 23 increasing increase VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 24 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 25 induction induction NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 26 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 27 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 28 IFN IFN NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 29 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 30 β β NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 31 promoter promoter NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 33 71 71 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 131 35 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 3 DDX3 DDX3 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 4 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 5 targeted target VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 6 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 7 vaccinia vaccinia NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 8 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 9 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 10 K7 K7 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 12 71 71 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 14 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 15 an an DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 16 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 17 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 18 IFN IFN NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 19 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 20 β β NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 21 production production NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 22 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 23 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 24 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 25 HCV HCV NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 26 core core NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 27 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 28 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 29 which which WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 30 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 31 disrupt disrupt VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 32 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 33 interaction interaction NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 34 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 35 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 37 72 72 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 132 39 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 133 1 These these DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 133 2 observations observation NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 133 3 highlight highlight VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 133 4 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 133 5 importance importance NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 133 6 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 133 7 DDX3 DDX3 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 133 8 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 133 9 efficient efficient JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 133 10 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 133 11 sensing sensing NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 133 12 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 1 Using use VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 2 overexpression overexpression NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 3 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 4 knock knock VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 5 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 6 down down RP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 7 experiments experiment NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 8 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 9 DHX9 DHX9 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 10 was be VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 11 shown show VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 12 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 13 be be VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 14 required require VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 15 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 16 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 17 production production NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 18 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 19 IFN IFN NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 20 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 21 I I NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 22 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 23 proinflammatory proinflammatory JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 24 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 25 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 26 response response NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 27 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 28 poly(I poly(I NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 29 : : : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 30 C C NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 32 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 33 influenza influenza NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 34 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 35 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 36 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 37 reovirus reovirus NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 38 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 39 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 40 murine murine JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 41 splenic splenic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 42 DC DC NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 43 line line NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 44 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 45 bone bone NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 46 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 47 marrow marrow NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 48 derived derive VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 49 DCs DCs NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 134 50 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 1 DHX9 DHX9 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 2 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 3 bind bind VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 4 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 5 via via IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 6 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 7 dsRNA dsrna JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 8 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 9 binding bind VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 10 motif motif NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 11 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 12 interact interact VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 13 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 14 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 15 through through IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 16 both both CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 18 helicase helicase NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 19 C c NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 20 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 21 terminal terminal NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 22 domain domain NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 23 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 24 HA2-DUF HA2-DUF NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 26 73 73 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 135 28 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 1 Myeloid Myeloid NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 2 DCs dc NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 3 have have VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 4 also also RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 5 been be VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 6 shown show VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 7 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 8 express express VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 9 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 10 complex complex NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 11 composed compose VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 12 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 13 DDX1 DDX1 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 14 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 15 DDX21 DDX21 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 16 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 17 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 18 DHX36 DHX36 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 19 that that WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 20 triggers trigger VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 21 an an DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 22 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 23 program program NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 24 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 25 response response NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 26 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 27 poly(I poly(I NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 28 : : : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 29 C C NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 31 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 32 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 33 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 34 pathway pathway NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 35 dependent dependent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 36 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 37 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 38 adapter adapter NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 39 molecule molecule NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 40 TIR TIR NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 41 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 42 domain domain NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 43 containing contain VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 44 adapter adapter NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 45 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 46 inducing induce VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 47 interferon interferon NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 48 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 49 β β NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 51 TRIF TRIF NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 136 53 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 137 1 DDX1 DDX1 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 137 2 binds bind VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 137 3 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 137 4 poly(I poly(i NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 137 5 : : : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 137 6 C C NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 137 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 138 1 via via IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 138 2 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 138 3 helicase helicase NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 138 4 A a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 138 5 domain domain NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 138 6 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 138 7 while while IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 138 8 DHX36 DHX36 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 138 9 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 138 10 DDX21 DDX21 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 138 11 bind bind VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 138 12 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 138 13 TIR TIR NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 138 14 domain domain NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 138 15 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 138 16 TRIF TRIF NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 138 17 via via IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 138 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 138 19 HA2-DUF HA2-DUF NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 138 20 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 138 21 PRK PRK NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 138 22 domains domain NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 138 23 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 138 24 respectively respectively RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 138 25 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 139 1 This this DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 139 2 complex complex NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 139 3 seems seem VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 139 4 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 139 5 be be VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 139 6 required require VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 139 7 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 139 8 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 139 9 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 139 10 response response NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 139 11 against against IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 139 12 influenza influenza NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 139 13 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 139 14 reovirus reovirus NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 139 15 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 139 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 139 17 74 74 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 139 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 139 19 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 140 1 Notably notably RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 140 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 140 3 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 140 4 separate separate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 140 5 study study NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 140 6 also also RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 140 7 characterized characterize VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 140 8 DHX36 DHX36 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 140 9 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 140 10 DHX9 DHX9 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 140 11 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 140 12 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 140 13 sensor sensor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 140 14 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 140 15 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 140 16 dsDNA dsDNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 140 17 species species NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 140 18 CpG CpG NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 140 19 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 140 20 A A NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 140 21 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 140 22 -B -b ADD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 140 23 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 140 24 respectively respectively RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 140 25 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 1 In in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 2 this this DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 3 case case NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 4 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 5 both both CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 6 DHX36 DHX36 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 7 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 8 DHX9 DHX9 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 9 activate activate VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 10 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 11 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 12 adapter adapter NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 13 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 14 myeloid myeloid NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 15 differentiation differentiation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 16 primary primary JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 17 response response NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 18 gene gene NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 19 88 88 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 21 MyD88 MyD88 NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 23 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 24 binding bind VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 25 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 26 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 27 TIR TIR NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 28 domain domain NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 30 75 75 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 141 32 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 1 Another another DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 2 recent recent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 3 study study NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 4 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 5 Yong Yong NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 6 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 7 Jun Jun NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 8 Liu Liu NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 9 's 's POS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 10 group group NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 11 identified identify VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 12 another another DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 13 helicase helicase NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 14 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 15 DHX33 DHX33 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 16 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 17 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 18 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 19 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 20 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 21 receptor receptor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 22 able able JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 23 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 24 activate activate VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 25 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 26 NLRP3 NLRP3 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 27 inflammasome inflammasome NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 29 76 76 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 142 31 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 1 DHX33 DHX33 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 2 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 3 involved involve VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 4 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 5 inflammasome inflammasome NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 6 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 7 after after IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 8 sensing sense VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 9 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 11 such such JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 12 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 13 poly(I poly(I NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 14 : : : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 15 C C NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 17 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 18 reoviral reoviral NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 20 when when WRB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 21 directly directly RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 22 delivered deliver VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 23 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 24 lipofection lipofection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 25 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 26 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 27 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 28 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 29 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 30 macrophage macrophage NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 31 cell cell NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 32 line line NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 33 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 34 human human JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 35 monocyte monocyte NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 36 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 37 derived derive VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 38 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 143 39 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 144 1 Additional additional JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 144 2 experiments experiment NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 144 3 suggested suggest VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 144 4 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 144 5 DHX33 DHX33 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 144 6 could could MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 144 7 also also RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 144 8 possibly possibly RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 144 9 be be VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 144 10 involved involve VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 144 11 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 144 12 detection detection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 144 13 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 144 14 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 144 15 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 144 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 144 17 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 145 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 145 2 authors author NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 145 3 showed show VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 145 4 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 145 5 DHX33 DHX33 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 145 6 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 145 7 bind bind VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 145 8 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 145 9 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 145 10 through through IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 145 11 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 145 12 helicase helicase NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 145 13 C c NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 145 14 domain domain NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 145 15 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 145 16 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 145 17 NLPR3 nlpr3 NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 145 18 through through IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 145 19 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 145 20 DEAD dead JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 145 21 domain domain NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 145 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 145 23 76 76 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 145 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 145 25 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 1 A a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 2 few few JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 3 months month NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 4 later later RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 5 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 6 another another DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 7 study study NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 8 performed perform VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 9 on on IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 10 myeloid myeloid NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 11 DCs DCs NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 12 confirmed confirm VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 13 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 14 role role NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 15 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 16 DHX33 DHX33 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 17 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 18 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 19 sensing sensing NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 20 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 21 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 22 poly(I poly(I NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 23 : : : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 24 C C NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 26 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 27 reoviral reoviral NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 28 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 146 29 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 1 Surprisingly surprisingly RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 3 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 4 this this DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 5 case case NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 6 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 7 poly(I poly(I NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 8 : : : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 9 C)-induced c)-induced JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 10 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 11 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 12 MAPK MAPK NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 13 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 14 NF NF NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 15 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 16 κB κB NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 17 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 18 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 19 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 20 was be VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 21 mediated mediate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 22 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 23 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 24 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 25 which which WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 26 binds bind VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 27 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 28 helicase helicase NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 29 C c NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 30 domain domain NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 31 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 32 DHX33 DHX33 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 34 77 77 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 147 36 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 148 1 DDX60 DDX60 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 148 2 has have VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 148 3 also also RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 148 4 been be VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 148 5 shown show VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 148 6 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 148 7 enhance enhance VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 148 8 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 148 9 IFN IFN NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 148 10 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 148 11 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 148 12 response response NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 148 13 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 148 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 148 15 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 148 16 DNA dna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 148 17 stimulation stimulation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 148 18 through through IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 148 19 formation formation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 148 20 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 148 21 complexes complex NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 148 22 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 148 23 Frontiers Frontiers NNPS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 148 24 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 148 25 Immunology Immunology NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 148 26 | | NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 149 1 Molecular molecular JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 149 2 Innate Innate NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 149 3 Immunity Immunity NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 149 4 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 149 5 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 149 6 I I NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 149 7 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 149 8 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 149 9 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 149 10 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 149 11 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 149 12 but but CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 149 13 not not RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 149 14 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 149 15 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 149 16 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 1 This this DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 2 complex complex JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 3 formation formation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 4 has have VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 5 been be VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 6 deciphered decipher VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 7 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 8 overexpression overexpression NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 9 assays assay NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 10 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 11 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 12 case case NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 13 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 14 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 15 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 16 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 17 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 18 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 19 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 20 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 21 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 22 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 23 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 24 during during IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 25 VSV VSV NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 26 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 150 27 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 1 DDX60 ddx60 NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 2 expression expression NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 3 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 4 induced induce VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 5 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 6 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 7 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 8 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 9 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 10 helicase helicase NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 11 domain domain NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 12 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 13 bind bind VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 14 ds ds NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 15 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 16 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 17 ss ss NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 18 - - NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 19 VSV VSV NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 20 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 21 generated generate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 22 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 23 vitro vitro FW cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 24 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 25 independently independently RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 26 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 27 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 28 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 29 -ppp -ppp : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 31 78 78 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 151 33 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 152 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 152 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 152 3 DDX60 DDX60 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 152 4 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 152 5 also also RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 152 6 bind bind VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 152 7 dsDNA dsdna RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 152 8 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 152 9 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 152 10 was be VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 152 11 shown show VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 152 12 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 152 13 play play VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 152 14 role role NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 152 15 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 152 16 IFN- IFN- NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 153 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 153 2 expression expression NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 153 3 after after IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 153 4 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 153 5 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 153 6 Herpes Herpes NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 153 7 Simplex Simplex NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 153 8 Virus-1 Virus-1 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 153 9 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 153 10 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 153 11 DNA dna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 153 12 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 153 13 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 154 1 This this DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 154 2 ability ability NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 154 3 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 154 4 bind bind VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 154 5 both both DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 154 6 dsRNA dsRNA NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 154 7 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 154 8 DNA DNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 154 9 raises raise VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 154 10 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 154 11 question question NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 154 12 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 154 13 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 154 14 feature feature NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 154 15 DDX60 DDX60 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 154 16 recognizes recognize VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 154 17 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 155 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 155 2 should should MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 155 3 be be VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 155 4 finally finally RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 155 5 noted note VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 155 6 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 155 7 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 155 8 role role NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 155 9 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 155 10 DDX60 DDX60 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 155 11 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 155 12 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 155 13 IFN IFN NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 155 14 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 155 15 I I NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 155 16 pathway pathway NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 155 17 has have VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 155 18 been be VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 155 19 questioned question VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 155 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 155 21 79 79 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 155 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 155 23 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 156 1 Several several JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 156 2 other other JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 156 3 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 156 4 receptors receptor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 156 5 have have VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 156 6 been be VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 156 7 shown show VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 156 8 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 156 9 play play VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 156 10 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 156 11 role role NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 156 12 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 156 13 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 156 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 156 15 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 156 16 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 157 1 This this DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 157 2 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 157 3 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 157 4 case case NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 157 5 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 157 6 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 157 7 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 157 8 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 157 9 kinase kinase NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 157 10 R r NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 157 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 157 12 PKR PKR NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 157 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 157 14 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 157 15 which which WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 157 16 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 157 17 important important JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 157 18 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 157 19 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 157 20 activity activity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 157 21 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 158 1 PKR PKR NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 158 2 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 158 3 activated activate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 158 4 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 158 5 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 158 6 from from IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 158 7 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 158 8 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 158 9 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 158 10 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 158 11 component component NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 158 12 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 158 13 MAPK MAPK NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 158 14 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 158 15 NF NF NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 158 16 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 158 17 κB κB NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 158 18 signaling signal VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 158 19 pathways pathway NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 158 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 158 21 reviewed review VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 158 22 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 158 23 Ref Ref NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 158 24 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 159 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 159 2 80 80 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 159 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 159 4 ] ] -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 159 5 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 160 1 Activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 160 2 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 160 3 PKR PKR NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 160 4 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 160 5 also also RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 160 6 be be VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 160 7 mediated mediate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 160 8 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 160 9 short short JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 160 10 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 161 1 -ppp -ppp : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 161 2 RNAs rna NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 161 3 containing contain VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 161 4 limited limited JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 161 5 secondary secondary JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 161 6 structures structure NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 161 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 161 8 81 81 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 161 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 161 10 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 162 1 Proteins protein NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 162 2 from from IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 162 3 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 162 4 Interferon Interferon NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 162 5 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 162 6 induced induce VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 162 7 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 162 8 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 162 9 tetratricopeptide tetratricopeptide NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 162 10 repeats repeat VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 163 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 163 2 IFITs IFITs NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 163 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 163 4 family family NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 163 5 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 163 6 such such JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 163 7 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 163 8 IFIT1 ifit1 JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 163 9 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 163 10 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 163 11 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 163 12 bind bind VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 163 13 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 163 14 -ppp -ppp : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 163 15 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 163 16 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 163 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 163 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 163 19 82 82 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 163 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 163 21 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 1 Using use VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 2 short short JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 3 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 4 vitro vitro FW cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 5 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 6 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 7 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 8 crystal crystal NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 9 structure structure NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 10 studies study NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 11 have have VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 12 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 13 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 14 IFIT ifit NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 15 proteins protein NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 16 contain contain VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 17 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 18 positively positively RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 19 charged charge VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 20 cavity cavity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 21 designed design VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 22 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 23 engage engage VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 24 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 25 without without IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 26 any any DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 27 particular particular JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 28 sequence sequence NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 29 specificity specificity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 30 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 31 ssRNA ssRNA VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 32 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 33 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 34 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 35 -ppp -ppp NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 36 end end NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 164 37 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 1 Contrary contrary JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 2 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 3 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 4 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 5 I i NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 6 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 7 IFIT ifit NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 8 proteins protein NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 9 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 10 not not RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 11 bind bind VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 12 blunt blunt JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 13 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 14 ended end VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 15 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 16 -ppp -ppp SYM cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 17 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 18 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 19 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 20 owing owe VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 21 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 22 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 23 limitations limitation NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 24 imposed impose VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 25 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 26 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 27 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 28 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 29 binding bind VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 30 pockets pocket NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 31 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 32 IFIT1 ifit1 VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 33 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 34 IFIT5 IFIT5 MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 35 require require VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 36 5'-overhangs 5'-overhangs CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 37 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 38 at at RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 39 least least JJS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 40 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 41 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 42 3 3 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 43 nt nt RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 44 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 45 respectively respectively RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 47 83 83 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 165 49 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 1 Using use VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 2 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 3 2 2 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 4 -O -o JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 5 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 6 methyltransferase methyltransferase JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 7 mutant mutant NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 8 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 9 Japanese japanese JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 10 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 11 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 12 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 13 another another DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 14 study study NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 15 showed show VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 16 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 17 IFIT1 ifit1 PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 18 preferentially preferentially RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 19 binds bind VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 20 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 21 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 22 capped cap VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 23 2 2 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 24 -O -o RBS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 25 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 26 unmethylated unmethylated JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 27 mRNA mrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 29 84 84 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 31 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 32 confirming confirm VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 33 previous previous JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 34 findings finding NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 35 showing show VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 36 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 37 2 2 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 38 -O -o VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 39 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 40 methylation methylation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 41 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 42 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 43 mRNA mrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 44 caps cap NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 45 promotes promote VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 46 IFIT1 ifit1 JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 47 evasion evasion NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 49 85 85 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 50 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 51 86 86 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 166 53 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 2 mechanism mechanism NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 3 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 4 IFIT1 ifit1 JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 5 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 6 action action NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 7 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 8 not not RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 9 completely completely RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 10 understood understand VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 11 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 12 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 14 has have VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 15 been be VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 16 proposed propose VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 17 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 18 IFIT IFIT NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 19 might may MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 20 sequester sequester VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 21 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 22 RNAs rna NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 24 82 82 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 26 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 27 inhibit inhibit VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 28 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 29 mRNA mrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 30 translation translation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 32 84 84 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 167 34 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 168 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 168 2 crystal crystal NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 168 3 structure structure NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 168 4 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 168 5 IFIT2 IFIT2 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 168 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 168 7 known know VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 168 8 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 168 9 ISG54 ISG54 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 168 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 168 11 was be VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 168 12 also also RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 168 13 described describe VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 168 14 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 169 1 IFIT2 IFIT2 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 169 2 specifically specifically RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 169 3 binds bind VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 169 4 adenylate adenylate NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 169 5 uridylate uridylate NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 169 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 169 7 AU)rich AU)rich NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 169 8 RNAs rna NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 169 9 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 169 10 vitro vitro FW cord-323756-atnrw9ew 169 11 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 169 12 independently independently RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 169 13 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 169 14 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 169 15 presence presence NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 169 16 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 169 17 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 169 18 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 169 19 -ppp -ppp : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 169 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 169 21 87 87 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 169 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 169 23 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 2 authors author NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 3 showed show VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 4 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 5 RNA rna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 6 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 7 binding bind VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 8 capacity capacity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 9 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 10 this this DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 11 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 12 mediates mediate VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 13 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 14 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 15 properties property NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 16 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 17 using use VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 18 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 19 model model NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 20 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 21 HEK293 HEK293 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 22 T T NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 23 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 24 infected infect VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 25 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 26 Newcastle Newcastle NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 27 disease disease NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 28 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 29 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 30 SeV sev NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 32 87 87 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 170 34 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 1 Nucleotide nucleotide NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 2 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 3 binding bind VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 4 oligomerization oligomerization NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 5 domain domain NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 6 containing contain VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 7 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 8 2 2 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 10 NOD2 NOD2 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 12 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 13 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 14 member member NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 15 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 16 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 17 NOD1 NOD1 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 18 / / SYM cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 19 Apaf-1 Apaf-1 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 20 family family NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 21 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 22 encodes encode VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 23 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 24 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 25 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 26 two two CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 27 CARD card NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 28 domains domain NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 29 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 30 six six CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 31 leucinerich leucinerich NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 32 repeats repeat VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 34 LRRs LRRs NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 171 36 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 172 1 NOD2 NOD2 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 172 2 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 172 3 primarily primarily RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 172 4 known know VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 172 5 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 172 6 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 172 7 ability ability NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 172 8 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 172 9 recognize recognize VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 172 10 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 172 11 peptidoglycan peptidoglycan NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 172 12 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 172 13 but but CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 172 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 172 15 also also RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 172 16 plays play VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 172 17 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 172 18 role role NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 172 19 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 172 20 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 172 21 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 172 22 response response NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 172 23 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 173 1 NOD2 NOD2 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 173 2 has have VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 173 3 been be VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 173 4 shown show VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 173 5 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 173 6 activate activate VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 173 7 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 173 8 after after IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 173 9 stimulation stimulation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 173 10 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 173 11 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 173 12 ssRNA ssrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 173 13 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 173 14 human human JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 173 15 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 173 16 syncytial syncytial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 173 17 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 173 18 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 173 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 173 20 88 88 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 173 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 173 22 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 174 1 NLRP3 NLRP3 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 174 2 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 174 3 involved involve VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 174 4 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 174 5 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 174 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 174 7 sensing sensing NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 174 8 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 175 1 Caspase-1 caspase-1 NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 175 2 cleavage cleavage NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 175 3 triggered trigger VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 175 4 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 175 5 influenza influenza NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 175 6 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 175 7 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 175 8 SeV sev NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 175 9 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 175 10 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 175 11 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 175 12 mRNA mrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 175 13 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 175 14 dependent dependent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 175 15 on on IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 175 16 NLRP3 NLRP3 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 175 17 inflammasome inflammasome NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 175 18 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 175 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 175 20 7 7 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 175 21 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 175 22 89 89 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 175 23 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 175 24 90 90 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 175 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 175 26 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 176 1 However however RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 176 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 176 3 direct direct JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 176 4 binding binding NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 176 5 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 176 6 NOD2 NOD2 NNPS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 176 7 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 176 8 NLRP3 nlrp3 NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 176 9 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 176 10 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 176 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 176 12 has have VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 176 13 not not RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 176 14 been be VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 176 15 established establish VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 176 16 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 177 1 Leucine leucine NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 177 2 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 177 3 rich rich JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 177 4 repeat repeat NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 1 flightless flightless NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 2 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 3 interacting interact VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 4 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 5 1 1 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 7 LRRFIP1 lrrfip1 NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 9 contributes contribute VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 10 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 11 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 12 production production NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 13 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 14 IFN IFN NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 15 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 16 β β NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 17 induced induce VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 18 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 19 VSV VSV NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 20 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 21 L. L. NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 22 monocytogenes monocytogenes NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 23 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 24 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 26 91 91 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 178 28 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 179 1 Mostly mostly RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 179 2 located locate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 179 3 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 179 4 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 179 5 cytosol cytosol NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 179 6 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 179 7 LRRFIP1 lrrfip1 NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 179 8 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 179 9 also also RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 179 10 be be VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 179 11 found find VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 179 12 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 179 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 179 14 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 179 15 containing contain VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 179 16 lysosomes lysosome NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 179 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 179 18 92 92 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 179 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 179 20 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 180 1 LRRFIP1 LRRFIP1 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 180 2 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 180 3 bind bind VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 180 4 both both DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 180 5 dsRNA dsRNA . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 181 1 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 181 2 dsDNA dsdna RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 181 3 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 181 4 subsequently subsequently RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 181 5 induce induce VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 181 6 IFN IFN NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 181 7 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 181 8 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 181 9 expression expression NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 181 10 through through IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 181 11 β β NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 181 12 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 181 13 catenin catenin NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 181 14 phosphorylation phosphorylation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 181 15 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 1 Activated activate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 2 β β NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 3 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 4 catenin catenin NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 5 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 6 translocated translocate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 7 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 8 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 9 nucleus nucleus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 10 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 11 increases increase VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 12 IFN IFN NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 13 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 14 β β NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 15 expression expression NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 16 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 17 binding bind VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 18 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 19 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 20 C C NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 21 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 22 terminal terminal NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 23 domain domain NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 24 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 25 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 26 transcription transcription NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 27 factor factor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 28 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 29 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 30 promoting promote VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 31 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 32 recruitment recruitment NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 33 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 34 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 35 acetyltransferase acetyltransferase NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 36 p300 p300 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 37 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 38 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 39 Ifnb1 ifnb1 JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 40 promoter promoter NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 182 41 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 1 Several several JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 2 other other JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 3 microbial microbial NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 5 features feature NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 6 have have VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 7 been be VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 8 suspected suspect VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 9 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 10 proposed propose VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 11 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 12 act act VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 13 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 14 potential potential JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 15 signals signal NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 16 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 17 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 18 sensing sensing NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 19 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 20 suggesting suggest VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 21 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 22 existence existence NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 23 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 24 receptors receptor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 25 detecting detect VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 26 these these DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 27 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 183 28 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 184 1 A a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 184 2 computational computational JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 184 3 analysis analysis NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 184 4 identified identify VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 184 5 CpG CpG NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 184 6 motifs motif NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 184 7 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 184 8 an an DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 184 9 AU AU NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 184 10 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 184 11 rich rich JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 184 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 184 13 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 184 14 an an DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 184 15 immunostimulatory immunostimulatory NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 184 16 feature feature NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 184 17 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 1 This this DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 2 sequence sequence NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 3 motif motif NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 4 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 5 underrepresented underrepresente VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 6 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 7 both both DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 8 ssRNA ssrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 9 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 10 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 11 host host NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 12 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 13 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 14 gene gene NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 15 mRNA mrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 16 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 17 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 18 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 19 frequency frequency NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 20 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 21 influenza influenza NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 22 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 23 genomes genome NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 24 has have VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 25 decreased decrease VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 26 throughout throughout IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 27 evolution evolution NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 29 93 93 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 185 31 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 1 Since since IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 2 this this DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 3 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 4 pressure pressure NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 5 seems seem VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 6 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 7 also also RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 8 be be VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 9 applied apply VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 10 on on IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 11 host host NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 12 mRNA mrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 13 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 14 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 15 implication implication NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 16 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 17 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 18 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 19 receptor receptor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 20 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 21 possible possible JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 22 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 23 although although IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 24 experimental experimental JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 25 studies study NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 26 identified identify VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 27 endosomal endosomal NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 28 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 29 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 30 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 31 potential potential JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 32 PRR PRR NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 34 94 94 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 186 36 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 1 Another another DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 2 study study NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 3 identified identify VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 4 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 5 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 6 bias bias NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 7 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 8 A a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 9 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 10 rich rich JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 11 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 12 genome genome NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 13 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 14 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 15 strong strong JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 16 inducer inducer NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 17 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 18 IFN IFN NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 19 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 20 I I NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 21 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 22 potent potent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 23 mediator mediator NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 24 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 25 lentiviral lentiviral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 26 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 187 27 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 2 authors author NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 3 showed show VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 4 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 5 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 6 ability ability NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 7 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 9 sequences sequence NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 10 derived derive VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 11 from from IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 12 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 13 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 14 genome genome NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 15 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 16 induce induce VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 17 an an DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 18 interferon interferon NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 19 response response NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 20 correlated correlate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 21 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 23 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 24 bias bias NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 25 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 26 that that DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 27 codon codon NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 28 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 29 optimized optimize VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 30 sequences sequence NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 31 lost lose VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 32 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 33 stimulatory stimulatory JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 34 activity activity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 36 95 95 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 188 38 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 2 experimental experimental JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 3 procedure procedure NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 4 used use VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 5 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 6 this this DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 7 study study NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 8 consisted consist VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 9 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 10 direct direct JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 11 delivery delivery NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 12 via via IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 13 lipofection lipofection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 14 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 15 in in FW cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 16 vitro vitro FW cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 17 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 19 sequences sequence NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 20 into into IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 21 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 22 cytosol cytosol NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 23 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 24 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 25 reporter reporter NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 26 cell cell NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 27 line line NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 28 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 29 suggesting suggest VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 30 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 31 potential potential JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 32 role role NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 33 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 34 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 35 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 36 RNA rna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 37 sensor sensor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 39 95 95 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 189 41 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 190 1 Recently recently RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 190 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 190 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 190 4 group group NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 190 5 identified identify VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 190 6 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 190 7 mRNAs mrna VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 190 8 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 190 9 an an DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 190 10 activator activator NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 190 11 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 190 12 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 190 13 NLRP3 NLRP3 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 190 14 inflammasome inflammasome NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 190 15 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 1 Polyadenylation Polyadenylation NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 2 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 3 these these DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 4 RNAs rna NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 5 abrogated abrogate VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 6 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 7 immunostimulatory immunostimulatory NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 8 activities activity NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 9 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 10 suggesting suggest VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 11 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 12 features feature VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 13 at at IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 14 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 15 3 3 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 16 end end NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 17 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 18 mRNA mrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 19 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 20 rather rather RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 21 than than IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 22 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 23 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 24 end end NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 25 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 26 could could MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 27 engage engage VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 28 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 29 cellular cellular JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 30 sensors sensor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 32 7 7 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 191 34 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 1 Philip Philip NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 2 Bevilacqua Bevilacqua NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 3 's 's POS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 4 group group NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 5 has have VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 6 shown show VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 7 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 8 different different JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 9 nucleoside nucleoside NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 10 modifications modification NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 11 on on IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 13 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 14 such such JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 15 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 16 base base NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 17 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 18 sugar sugar VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 19 internal internal JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 20 modifications modification NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 21 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 22 suppress suppress VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 23 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 24 intrinsic intrinsic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 25 ability ability NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 26 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 27 activate activate VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 28 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 29 sensors sensor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 30 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 31 notably notably RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 32 PKR PKR NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 192 33 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 2 authors author NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 3 propose propose VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 4 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 5 self self NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 6 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 8 editing editing NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 9 could could MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 10 be be VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 11 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 12 mechanism mechanism NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 13 used use VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 14 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 15 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 16 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 17 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 18 system system NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 19 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 20 discriminate discriminate VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 21 self self NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 22 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 23 transcripts transcript NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 24 from from IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 25 " " `` cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 26 unmodified unmodified JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 27 " " '' cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 28 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 29 RNAs rna NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 31 96 96 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 32 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 33 97 97 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 193 35 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 1 Conversely conversely RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 3 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 5 editing editing NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 6 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 7 cellular cellular JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 8 deaminase deaminase NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 9 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 10 such such JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 11 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 12 dsRNA dsrna JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 13 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 14 specific specific JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 15 adenosine adenosine NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 16 deaminase deaminase NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 18 ADAR ADAR NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 20 have have VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 21 been be VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 22 shown show VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 23 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 24 enhance enhance VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 25 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 26 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 27 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 28 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 29 sensors sensor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 31 98 98 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 194 33 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 195 1 Other other JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 195 2 host host NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 195 3 transcript transcript NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 195 4 specificities specificity NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 195 5 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 195 6 like like IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 195 7 association association NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 195 8 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 195 9 cellular cellular JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 195 10 components component NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 195 11 that that WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 195 12 prevent prevent VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 195 13 PRR PRR NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 195 14 binding binding NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 195 15 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 195 16 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 195 17 specific specific JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 195 18 tertiary tertiary JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 195 19 structure structure NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 195 20 such such JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 195 21 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 195 22 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 195 23 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 196 1 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 196 2 closed closed JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 196 3 loop loop NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 196 4 conformation conformation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 196 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 196 6 99 99 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 196 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 196 8 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 196 9 could could MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 196 10 be be VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 196 11 determinants determinant NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 196 12 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 196 13 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 196 14 differentiation differentiation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 196 15 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 196 16 host host NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 196 17 mRNAs mRNAs NNPS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 196 18 from from IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 196 19 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 196 20 RNAs rna NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 196 21 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 197 1 Identification identification NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 197 2 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 197 3 receptors receptor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 197 4 able able JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 197 5 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 197 6 recognize recognize VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 197 7 such such JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 197 8 features feature NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 197 9 are be VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 197 10 lacking lack VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 197 11 so so RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 197 12 far far RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 197 13 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 198 1 Infectious infectious JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 198 2 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 198 3 have have VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 198 4 developed develop VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 198 5 several several JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 198 6 strategies strategy NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 198 7 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 198 8 evade evade VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 198 9 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 198 10 sensing sensing NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 198 11 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 199 1 One one CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 199 2 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 199 3 these these DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 199 4 strategies strategy NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 199 5 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 199 6 which which WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 199 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 199 8 only only RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 199 9 mention mention VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 199 10 briefly briefly RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 199 11 here here RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 199 12 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 199 13 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 199 14 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 199 15 direct direct JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 199 16 targeting targeting NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 199 17 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 199 18 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 199 19 proteins protein NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 199 20 www.frontiersin.org www.frontiersin.org IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 199 21 _SP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 200 1 Some some DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 2 −)ssRNA −)ssRNA `` cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 3 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 4 edit edit VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 5 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 6 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 7 -ppp -ppp : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 8 moieties moiety NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 9 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 10 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 11 genomes genome NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 12 as as RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 13 well well RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 14 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 15 replication replication NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 16 intermediates intermediate NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 17 into into IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 18 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 19 mono mono NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 20 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 21 phosphates phosphate NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 22 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 23 avoid avoid VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 24 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 25 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 26 RLRs rlr NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 28 101 101 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 201 30 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 202 1 Arenaviruses Arenaviruses NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 202 2 produce produce VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 202 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 202 4 panhandle panhandle NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 202 5 structures structure NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 202 6 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 202 7 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 202 8 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 202 9 -ppp -ppp : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 202 10 containing contain VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 202 11 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 202 12 GTP GTP NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 202 13 overhanging overhang VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 202 14 nucleotide nucleotide NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 202 15 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 1 This this DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 2 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 3 structure structure NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 4 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 5 suggested suggest VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 6 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 7 act act VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 8 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 9 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 10 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 11 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 12 I i NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 13 ligand ligand NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 14 decoy decoy NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 15 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 16 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 17 trapping trap VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 18 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 19 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 20 I i NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 21 but but CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 22 not not RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 23 activating activate VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 26 102 102 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 203 28 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 204 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 204 2 are be VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 204 3 beginning begin VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 204 4 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 204 5 understand understand VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 204 6 how how WRB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 204 7 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 204 8 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 204 9 use use VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 204 10 nucleoside nucleoside JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 204 11 modifications modification NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 204 12 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 204 13 order order NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 204 14 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 204 15 protect protect VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 204 16 self self NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 204 17 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 204 18 RNAs rna NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 204 19 from from IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 204 20 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 204 21 sensing sensing NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 204 22 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 1 For for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 2 example example NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 3 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 4 higher high JJR cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 5 eukaryotes eukaryote NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 6 have have VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 7 acquired acquire VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 8 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 9 ability ability NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 10 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 11 2 2 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 12 -Omethylate -Omethylate . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 14 mRNAs mrna NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 15 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 16 allowing allow VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 17 cellular cellular JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 18 receptors receptor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 19 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 20 distinguish distinguish VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 21 self self NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 22 from from IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 23 unmethylated unmethylated JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 24 non non NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 25 - - JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 26 self self JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 27 mRNA mrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 28 through through IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 29 specific specific JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 30 types type NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 31 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 32 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 33 sensors sensor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 34 such such JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 35 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 36 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 37 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 38 IFITs IFITs NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 40 57 57 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 41 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 42 85 85 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 205 44 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 1 Consistent consistent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 2 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 3 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 4 red red JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 5 queen queen NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 6 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 8 103 103 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 10 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 11 which which WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 12 postulates postulate VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 13 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 14 parasites parasite NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 15 have have VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 16 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 17 constantly constantly RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 18 evolve evolve VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 19 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 20 order order NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 21 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 22 adapt adapt VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 23 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 24 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 25 host host NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 26 species specie NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 27 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 28 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 29 same same JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 30 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 31 escape escape NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 32 strategy strategy NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 33 has have VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 34 been be VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 35 mimicked mimic VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 36 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 37 several several JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 38 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 39 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 40 like like IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 41 flaviviruses flavivirus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 43 84 84 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 44 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 45 86 86 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 206 47 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 3 2 2 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 4 -O -O NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 5 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 6 methylation methylation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 7 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 8 G18 G18 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 10 Gm18 Gm18 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 12 on on IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 13 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 14 tRNA tRNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 15 suppresses suppress VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 16 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 17 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 18 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 19 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 20 response response NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 21 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 22 plasmacytoid plasmacytoid NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 23 DCs DCs NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 25 104 104 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 26 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 27 105 105 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 207 29 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 1 Flaviviruses flavivirus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 2 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 3 other other JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 4 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 5 are be VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 6 also also RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 7 known know VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 8 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 9 induce induce VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 10 cellular cellular JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 11 membrane membrane NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 12 reorganization reorganization NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 13 that that WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 14 allows allow VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 15 them -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 16 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 17 replicate replicate VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 18 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 19 subcellular subcellular JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 20 compartments compartment NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 21 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 22 creating create VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 23 new new JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 24 replication replication NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 25 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 26 dependent dependent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 27 organelles organelle NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 29 106 106 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 208 31 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 1 Thus thus RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 3 tick tick VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 4 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 5 borne bear VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 6 encephalitis encephalitis JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 7 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 8 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 9 Japanese japanese JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 10 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 11 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 12 have have VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 13 been be VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 14 shown show VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 15 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 16 rearrange rearrange VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 17 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 18 reticulum reticulum NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 19 membranes membrane NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 20 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 21 provide provide VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 22 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 23 compartment compartment NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 24 where where WRB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 25 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 26 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 27 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 28 concealed conceal VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 29 from from IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 30 PRR PRR NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 31 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 209 32 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 1 This this DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 2 hijacking hijacking NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 3 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 4 internal internal JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 5 cell cell NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 6 membrane membrane NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 7 induces induce VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 8 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 9 delayed delay VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 10 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 11 exposure exposure NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 12 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 13 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 15 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 16 innate innate VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 17 receptors receptor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 18 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 19 accordingly accordingly RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 20 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 21 IFN IFN NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 22 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 23 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 24 responses response NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 25 are be VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 26 only only RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 27 measured measure VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 28 late late RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 29 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 30 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 31 replication replication NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 32 cycle cycle NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 34 107 107 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 37 108 108 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 40 109 109 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 210 42 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 2 NS1 ns1 NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 3 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 4 from from IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 5 influenza influenza NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 6 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 7 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 8 prevent prevent VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 10 sensing sensing NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 11 through through IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 12 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 13 formation formation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 14 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 15 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 16 chain chain NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 17 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 18 NS1 ns1 NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 19 molecules molecule NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 20 along along IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 21 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 22 influenza influenza NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 23 dsRNA dsrna CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 24 backbone backbone NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 26 110 110 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 211 28 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 212 1 Picornaviruses Picornaviruses NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 212 2 mask mask VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 212 3 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 212 4 5ppp 5ppp CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 212 5 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 212 6 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 212 7 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 212 8 encoded encode VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 212 9 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 212 10 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 212 11 VPg VPg NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 212 12 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 212 13 which which WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 212 14 functions function VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 212 15 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 212 16 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 212 17 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 212 18 cap cap NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 212 19 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 212 20 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 212 21 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 212 22 primer primer NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 212 23 during during IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 212 24 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 212 25 synthesis synthesis NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 212 26 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 213 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 213 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 213 3 studies study NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 213 4 have have VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 213 5 shown show VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 213 6 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 213 7 VPg VPg NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 213 8 could could MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 213 9 be be VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 213 10 used use VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 213 11 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 213 12 evade evade VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 213 13 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 213 14 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 213 15 I i NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 213 16 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 213 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 213 18 111 111 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 213 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 213 20 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 3 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 4 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 5 VP35 VP35 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 6 assembles assemble VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 7 into into IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 8 dimmers dimmer NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 9 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 10 cap cap VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 11 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 12 ends end NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 13 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 14 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 15 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 16 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 17 hide hide VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 18 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 19 specific specific JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 20 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 21 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 22 I i NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 23 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 24 site site NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 26 112 112 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 214 28 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 1 While while IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 2 one one CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 3 VP35 VP35 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 4 monomer monomer NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 5 binds bind VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 6 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 7 terminus terminus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 8 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 9 backbone backbone NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 10 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 11 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 12 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 13 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 14 other other JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 15 VP35 VP35 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 16 monomer monomer NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 17 binds bind VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 18 only only RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 19 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 20 phosphate phosphate NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 21 backbone backbone NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 22 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 23 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 24 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 25 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 26 displaying display VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 27 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 28 unique unique JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 29 mode mode NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 30 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 31 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 32 concealing conceal VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 33 from from IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 34 PRR PRR NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 36 112 112 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 215 38 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 1 Another another DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 2 hemorrhagic hemorrhagic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 3 fever fever NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 4 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 5 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 6 Lassa Lassa NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 7 fever fever NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 8 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 9 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 10 uses use VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 11 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 12 3'-5 3'-5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 13 ' ' POS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 14 exonuclease exonuclease NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 15 activity activity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 16 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 18 nucleoprotein nucleoprotein NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 20 NP NP NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 22 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 23 degrade degrade VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 24 stimulatory stimulatory JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 25 dsRNA dsRNA NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 27 113 113 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 216 29 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 217 1 This this DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 217 2 activity activity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 217 3 seems seem VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 217 4 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 217 5 be be VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 217 6 shared share VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 217 7 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 217 8 other other JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 217 9 arenaviruses arenavirus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 217 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 217 11 114 114 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 217 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 217 13 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 1 Finally finally RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 3 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 4 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 5 C C NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 6 from from IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 7 human human JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 8 parainfluenza parainfluenza NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 9 virus virus NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 10 type type NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 11 1 1 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 13 HPIV1 HPIV1 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 15 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 16 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 17 paramyxoviridae paramyxoviridae NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 18 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 19 has have VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 20 been be VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 21 shown show VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 22 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 23 limit limit VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 24 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 25 accumulation accumulation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 26 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 27 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 218 28 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 1 Cell cell NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 2 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 3 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 4 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 5 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 6 mutant mutant NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 7 defective defective JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 8 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 9 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 10 C C NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 11 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 12 displays display VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 13 higher high JJR cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 14 accumulation accumulation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 15 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 16 several several JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 17 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 18 RNAs rna NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 19 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 20 including include VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 21 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 22 genome genome NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 23 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 24 antigenome antigenome NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 25 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 26 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 27 mRNA mrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 28 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 29 eventually eventually RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 30 leading lead VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 31 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 32 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 33 accumulation accumulation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 34 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 35 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 219 36 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 1 Thus thus RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 3 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 4 limiting limit VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 5 intracytosolic intracytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 6 quantities quantity NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 7 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 8 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 9 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 10 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 11 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 12 C C NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 13 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 14 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 15 HPIV1 HPIV1 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 16 avoids avoid VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 17 dsRNA dsRNA VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 18 triggering trigger VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 19 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 20 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 21 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 22 PKR PKR NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 23 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 24 infected infected JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 25 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 27 115 115 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 220 29 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 221 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 221 2 multiplicity multiplicity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 221 3 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 221 4 PRR PRR NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 221 5 pathways pathway NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 221 6 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 221 7 an an DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 221 8 essential essential JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 221 9 determinant determinant NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 221 10 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 221 11 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 221 12 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 221 13 system system NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 221 14 's 's POS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 221 15 ability ability NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 221 16 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 221 17 sense sense VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 221 18 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 221 19 precision precision NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 221 20 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 221 21 level level NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 221 22 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 221 23 Frontiers Frontiers NNPS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 221 24 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 221 25 Immunology Immunology NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 221 26 | | NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 222 1 Molecular molecular JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 222 2 Innate Innate NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 222 3 Immunity Immunity NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 222 4 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 222 5 threat threat NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 222 6 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 222 7 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 222 8 respond respond VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 222 9 accordingly accordingly RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 222 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 222 11 4 4 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 222 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 222 13 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 1 However however RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 2 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 3 as as RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 4 far far RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 5 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 6 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 8 sensors sensor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 9 are be VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 10 concerned concern VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 11 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 13 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 14 striking strike VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 15 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 16 observe observe VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 17 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 18 contrast contrast NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 19 between between IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 20 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 21 high high JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 22 number number NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 23 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 24 PRRs prr NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 25 that that WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 26 have have VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 27 been be VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 28 isolated isolate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 29 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 30 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 31 similarities similarity NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 32 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 33 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 34 PAMPs pamp NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 35 they -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 36 recognize recognize VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 38 Table table NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 39 1 1 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 223 41 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 1 While while IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 2 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 3 -ppp -ppp : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 4 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 5 dsRNA dsRNA NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 6 are be VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 7 undoubtedly undoubtedly RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 8 powerful powerful JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 9 triggers trigger NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 10 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 11 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 12 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 13 immunity immunity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 14 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 15 they -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 16 can can MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 17 not not RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 18 account account VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 19 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 20 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 21 diversity diversity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 22 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 23 responses response NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 24 that that WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 25 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 26 organism organism NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 27 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 28 able able JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 29 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 30 elicit elicit VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 31 against against IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 32 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 33 wide wide JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 34 range range NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 35 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 36 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 224 37 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 225 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 225 2 understanding understanding NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 225 3 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 225 4 how how WRB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 225 5 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 225 6 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 225 7 system system NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 225 8 distinguishes distinguish VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 225 9 between between IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 225 10 foreign foreign JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 225 11 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 225 12 self self NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 225 13 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 225 14 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 225 15 acids acid NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 225 16 will will MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 225 17 continue continue VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 225 18 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 225 19 improve improve VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 225 20 over over IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 225 21 time time NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 225 22 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 226 1 This this DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 226 2 will will MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 226 3 help help VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 226 4 us -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 226 5 better better RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 226 6 define define VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 226 7 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 226 8 precise precise JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 226 9 role role NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 226 10 played play VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 226 11 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 226 12 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 226 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 226 14 sensors sensor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 226 15 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 226 16 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 226 17 global global JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 226 18 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 226 19 response response NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 226 20 against against IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 226 21 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 226 22 . . . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 227 1 Approaching approach VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 227 2 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 227 3 asymptote asymptote NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 227 4 ? ? . cord-323756-atnrw9ew 228 1 Evolution evolution NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 228 2 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 228 3 revolution revolution NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 228 4 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 228 5 immunology immunology NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 229 1 A a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 229 2 human human JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 229 3 homologue homologue NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 229 4 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 229 5 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 229 6 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 229 7 toll toll NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 229 8 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 229 9 signals signal VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 229 10 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 229 11 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 229 12 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 229 13 immunity immunity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 229 14 Approaching approach VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 229 15 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 229 16 asymptote asymptote NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 229 17 : : : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 229 18 20 20 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 229 19 years year NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 229 20 later later RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 1 Beyond beyond IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 2 pattern pattern NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 3 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 4 : : : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 5 five five CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 6 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 7 checkpoints checkpoint NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 8 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 9 scaling scale VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 10 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 11 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 12 threat threat NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 13 Activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 14 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 15 target target NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 16 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 17 tissue tissue NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 18 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 19 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 20 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 21 molecules molecule NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 22 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 23 double double RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 24 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 25 stranded strand VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 26 polynucleotides polynucleotide NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 27 Immune immune VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 28 sensing sensing NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 29 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 30 DNA DNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 31 Detection Detection NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 32 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 33 prokaryotic prokaryotic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 34 mRNA mrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 35 signifies signify VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 36 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 37 viability viability NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 38 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 39 promotes promote VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 40 immunity immunity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 41 Principles principle NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 42 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 43 Virology Virology NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 44 Cell Cell NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 45 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 46 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 47 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 48 cell cell NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 49 transmission transmission NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 50 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 230 51 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 231 1 Plasmacytoid Plasmacytoid NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 231 2 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 231 3 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 231 4 sense sense VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 231 5 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 231 6 C C NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 231 7 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 231 8 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 231 9 infected infect VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 231 10 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 231 11 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 231 12 produce produce VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 231 13 interferon interferon NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 231 14 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 231 15 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 231 16 inhibit inhibit VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 231 17 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 1 Human human JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 2 pDCs pdcs NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 3 sense sense NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 4 LCMV LCMV NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 5 infected infected JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 6 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 7 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 8 vitro vitro FW cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 9 Innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 10 sensing sensing NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 11 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 12 HIV HIV NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 13 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 14 infected infect VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 15 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 16 Expression expression NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 17 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 18 animal animal NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 19 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 20 genomes genome NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 21 Bacterial bacterial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 22 ligands ligand NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 23 generated generate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 24 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 25 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 26 phagosome phagosome NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 27 are be VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 28 targets target NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 29 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 30 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 31 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 32 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 33 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 34 system system NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 232 35 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 1 -I -i WP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 2 detects detect VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 3 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 4 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 5 live live JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 6 Listeria Listeria NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 7 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 8 sensing sense VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 9 secreted secrete VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 10 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 11 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 12 acids acid NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 13 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 14 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 15 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 16 detects detect VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 17 triphosphorylated triphosphorylate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 19 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 20 Listeria Listeria NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 21 monocytogenes monocytogene NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 22 during during IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 23 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 24 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 25 non non JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 26 - - JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 27 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 28 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 29 Identification identification NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 30 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 31 host host NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 32 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 33 sensors sensor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 34 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 35 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 36 factors factor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 37 regulating regulate VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 38 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 233 39 type type NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 2 interferon interferon VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 3 response response NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 4 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 5 Legionella Legionella NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 6 pneumophila pneumophila NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 7 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 8 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 9 I i NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 10 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 11 dependent dependent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 12 sensing sensing NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 13 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 14 poly(dA poly(dA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 15 : : : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 16 dT dT NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 18 through through IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 19 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 20 induction induction NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 21 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 22 an an DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 23 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 24 polymerase polymerase NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 25 III III NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 26 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 27 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 28 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 29 intermediate intermediate NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 30 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 31 polymerase polymerase NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 32 III III NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 33 detects detect VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 34 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 35 DNA dna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 36 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 37 induces induce VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 38 type type NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 39 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 40 interferons interferon NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 41 through through IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 42 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 43 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 44 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 45 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 46 pathway pathway VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 47 IPS-1 IPS-1 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 48 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 49 an an DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 50 adaptor adaptor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 51 triggering trigger VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 52 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 53 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 54 I i NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 55 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 56 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 234 57 Mda5-mediated Mda5-mediated NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 235 1 type type NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 236 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 1 interferon interferon NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 2 induction induction NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 3 Cardif Cardif NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 4 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 5 an an DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 6 adaptor adaptor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 7 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 8 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 9 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 10 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 11 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 12 I I NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 13 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 14 pathway pathway NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 15 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 16 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 17 targeted target VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 18 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 19 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 20 C C NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 21 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 22 Identification identification NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 23 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 24 characterization characterization NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 25 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 26 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 27 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 28 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 29 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 30 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 31 signaling signal VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 32 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 33 that that WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 34 activates activate VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 35 NF NF NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 36 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 37 kappaB kappaB NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 38 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 39 IRF IRF NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 40 3 3 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 41 VISA VISA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 42 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 43 an an DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 44 adapter adapter NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 45 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 46 required require VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 47 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 48 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 49 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 50 triggered trigger VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 51 IFN IFN NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 52 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 53 beta beta NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 54 signaling signal VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 55 Expression expression NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 56 analysis analysis NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 57 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 58 genomic genomic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 59 characterization characterization NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 60 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 61 human human JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 62 melanoma melanoma NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 63 differentiation differentiation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 64 associated associate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 65 gene-5 gene-5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 66 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 67 mda-5 mda-5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 68 : : : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 69 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 70 novel novel JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 237 71 type type NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 238 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 238 2 interferon interferon NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 238 3 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 238 4 responsive responsive JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 238 5 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 238 6 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 238 7 inducing induce VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 238 8 gene gene NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 239 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 239 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 239 3 helicase helicase NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 239 4 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 239 5 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 239 6 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 239 7 has have VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 239 8 an an DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 239 9 essential essential JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 239 10 function function NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 239 11 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 239 12 double double RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 239 13 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 239 14 stranded strand VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 239 15 RNA rna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 239 16 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 239 17 induced induce VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 239 18 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 239 19 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 239 20 responses response NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 240 1 5'-Triphosphate 5'-Triphosphate NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 240 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 240 3 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 240 4 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 240 5 ligand ligand NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 240 6 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 240 7 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 240 8 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 240 9 I I NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 240 10 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 240 11 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 240 12 I i NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 240 13 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 240 14 mediated mediate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 240 15 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 240 16 responses response NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 240 17 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 240 18 single single RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 240 19 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 240 20 stranded strand VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 240 21 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 240 22 bearing bear VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 240 23 5'-phosphates 5'-phosphates CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 241 1 Recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 241 2 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 241 3 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 241 4 ' ' '' cord-323756-atnrw9ew 241 5 triphosphate triphosphate NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 241 6 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 241 7 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 242 1 -I -i DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 242 2 helicase helicase NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 242 3 requires require VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 242 4 short short JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 242 5 blunt blunt JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 242 6 doublestranded doublestranded NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 242 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 242 8 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 242 9 contained contain VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 242 10 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 242 11 panhandle panhandle NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 242 12 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 242 13 negative negative JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 242 14 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 242 15 strand strand NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 242 16 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 1 5'-Triphosphate 5'-Triphosphate NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 3 requires require VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 4 base base NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 5 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 6 paired pair VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 7 structures structure NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 8 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 9 activate activate VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 10 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 11 signaling signaling NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 12 via via IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 13 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 14 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 15 I I NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 16 Structural structural JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 17 basis basis NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 18 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 20 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 21 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 22 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 23 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 24 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 25 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 26 receptor receptor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 27 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 28 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 29 I I NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 30 Structural structural JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 31 basis basis NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 32 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 33 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 34 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 35 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 36 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 37 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 38 pattern pattern NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 39 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 40 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 41 receptor receptor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 243 42 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 1 -I -I NFP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 2 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 3 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 5 Structural structural JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 6 insights insight NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 7 into into IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 9 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 10 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 11 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 12 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 13 I I NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 14 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 15 mechanism mechanism NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 16 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 17 signal signal JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 18 perception perception NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 19 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 20 integration integration NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 21 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 22 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 23 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 24 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 25 sensor sensor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 26 retinoic retinoic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 27 acid acid NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 28 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 29 inducible inducible JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 30 gene gene NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 31 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 32 I i NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 34 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 35 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 36 I i NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 244 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 1 A a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 2 structural structural JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 3 basis basis NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 4 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 5 discriminating discriminate VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 6 between between IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 7 self self NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 8 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 9 nonself nonself NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 10 double double RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 11 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 12 stranded strand VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 13 RNAs rna NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 14 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 15 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 16 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 17 Length length NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 18 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 19 dependent dependent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 20 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 21 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 22 double double RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 23 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 24 stranded strand VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 25 ribonucleic ribonucleic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 26 acids acid NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 27 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 28 retinoic retinoic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 29 acid acid NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 30 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 31 inducible inducible JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 32 gene gene NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 33 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 34 I i NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 35 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 36 melanoma melanoma NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 37 differentiation differentiation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 38 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 39 associated associate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 40 gene gene NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 41 Nonself Nonself NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 42 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 43 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 44 sensing sense VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 45 mechanism mechanism NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 46 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 245 47 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 246 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 246 2 helicase helicase VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 246 3 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 246 4 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 246 5 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 246 6 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 246 7 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 246 8 responses response NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 247 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 247 2 thermodynamic thermodynamic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 247 3 basis basis NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 247 4 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 247 5 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 247 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 247 7 detection detection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 247 8 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 247 9 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 247 10 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 247 11 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 247 12 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 247 13 innate innate VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 247 14 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 247 15 sensor sensor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 247 16 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 248 1 -I -I NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 248 2 detects detect VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 248 3 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 248 4 genomic genomic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 248 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 248 6 during during IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 248 7 negative negative JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 248 8 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 248 9 strand strand NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 248 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 248 11 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 248 12 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 248 13 Incoming Incoming NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 248 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 248 15 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 248 16 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 248 17 containing contain VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 249 1 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 249 2 5'-triphosphorylated 5'-triphosphorylate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 249 3 genome genome NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 249 4 activate activate VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 249 5 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 249 6 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 249 7 I i NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 249 8 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 249 9 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 249 10 signaling signal VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 249 11 Differential differential JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 249 12 roles role NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 249 13 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 249 14 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 249 15 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 249 16 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 250 1 -I -i DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 250 2 helicases helicase NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 250 3 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 250 4 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 250 5 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 250 6 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 250 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 250 8 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 251 1 Innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 251 2 immunity immunity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 251 3 induced induce VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 251 4 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 251 5 composition composition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 251 6 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 251 7 dependent dependent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 251 8 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 251 9 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 251 10 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 251 11 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 251 12 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 251 13 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 251 14 C C NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 251 15 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 251 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 251 17 Preference Preference NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 251 18 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 251 19 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 1 -I -I NFP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 2 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 3 short short JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 4 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 6 molecules molecule NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 7 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 8 infected infected JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 9 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 10 revealed reveal VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 11 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 12 next next JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 13 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 14 generation generation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 15 sequencing sequence VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 16 Epstein Epstein NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 17 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 18 Barr Barr NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 19 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 20 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 21 encoded encode VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 22 small small JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 23 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 24 induces induce VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 25 IL-10 IL-10 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 26 through through IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 27 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 28 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 29 I i NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 30 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 31 mediated mediate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 32 IRF-3 IRF-3 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 33 signaling signal VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 34 Adenovirus Adenovirus NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 35 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 36 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 37 associated associate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 252 38 RNAs rna NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 253 1 induce induce VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 253 2 type type NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 254 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 254 2 interferon interferon VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 254 3 expression expression NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 254 4 through through IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 254 5 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 254 6 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 254 7 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 254 8 I i NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 254 9 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 254 10 mediated mediate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 254 11 pathway pathway NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 255 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 255 2 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 255 3 ' ' POS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 255 4 ends end NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 255 5 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 255 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 255 7 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 255 8 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 255 9 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 255 10 coli coli NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 255 11 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 255 12 mRNA mrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 255 13 degradation degradation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 255 14 Extracellular Extracellular NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 255 15 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 255 16 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 255 17 pattern pattern NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 255 18 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 255 19 receptors receptor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 255 20 cooperate cooperate VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 255 21 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 255 22 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 255 23 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 255 24 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 255 25 Helicobacter Helicobacter NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 255 26 pylori pylori NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 256 1 IFNgamma IFNgamma NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 256 2 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 256 3 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 256 4 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 256 5 replication replication NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 256 6 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 256 7 Shigella Shigella NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 256 8 flexneri flexneri NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 256 9 via via IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 256 10 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 256 11 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 256 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 256 13 sensor sensor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 256 14 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 257 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 257 2 Essential essential JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 257 3 role role NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 257 4 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 257 5 mda-5 mda-5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 258 1 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 258 2 type type NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 3 responses response NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 4 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 5 polyriboinosinic polyriboinosinic NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 6 : : : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 7 polyribocytidylic polyribocytidylic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 8 acid acid NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 9 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 10 encephalomyocarditis encephalomyocarditis NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 11 picornavirus picornavirus NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 12 Structural structural JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 13 basis basis NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 14 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 15 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 16 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 17 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 18 filament filament NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 19 formation formation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 20 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 21 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 22 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 23 signal signal NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 24 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 25 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 26 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 27 Double Double NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 28 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 29 stranded strand VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 30 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 31 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 32 produced produce VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 33 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 34 positive positive JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 35 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 36 strand strand NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 37 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 38 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 39 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 40 DNA dna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 41 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 42 but but CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 43 not not RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 44 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 45 detectable detectable JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 46 amounts amount NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 47 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 48 negative negative JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 49 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 50 strand strand NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 51 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 52 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 53 Activation Activation NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 54 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 55 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 56 requires require VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 57 higher high JJR cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 58 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 59 order order NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 60 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 61 structures structure NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 62 generated generate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 63 during during IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 64 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 65 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 66 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 67 detects detect VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 68 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 69 double double RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 70 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 71 stranded strand VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 72 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 73 replicative replicative JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 74 form form NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 75 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 76 picornavirus picornavirus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 77 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 78 infected infect VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 259 79 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 1 Innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 2 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 3 response response NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 4 after after IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 5 adenoviral adenoviral NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 6 gene gene NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 7 delivery delivery NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 8 into into IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 9 skin skin NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 10 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 11 mediated mediate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 12 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 13 AIM2 AIM2 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 14 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 15 NALP3 nalp3 XX cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 16 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 17 DAI DAI NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 18 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 19 mda5 mda5 NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 20 Visualisation Visualisation NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 21 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 22 direct direct JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 23 interaction interaction NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 24 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 25 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 26 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 27 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 28 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 29 replicative replicative JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 30 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 31 form form NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 32 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 33 positive positive JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 34 strand strand NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 35 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 36 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 37 Activation Activation NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 38 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 39 IFN-β ifn-β CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 40 ; ; : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 41 expression expression NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 42 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 43 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 44 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 45 mRNA mrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 46 through through IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 47 RNase RNase NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 48 L L NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 49 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 50 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 51 New New NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 52 insights insight NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 53 into into IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 54 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 55 role role NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 56 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 57 RNase RNase NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 58 L L NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 59 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 60 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 61 immunity immunity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 62 Ribose Ribose NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 63 2'-O 2'-o CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 64 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 65 methylation methylation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 66 provides provide VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 67 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 68 molecular molecular JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 69 signature signature NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 70 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 71 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 72 distinction distinction NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 73 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 74 self self NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 75 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 76 non non JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 77 - - JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 78 self self JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 79 mRNA mrna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 80 dependent dependent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 81 on on IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 82 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 83 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 260 84 sensor sensor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 261 1 Mda5 Mda5 NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 261 2 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 261 3 forms form VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 261 4 functional functional JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 261 5 prion prion NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 261 6 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 261 7 like like JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 261 8 aggregates aggregate NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 261 9 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 261 10 activate activate VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 261 11 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 261 12 propagate propagate VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 261 13 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 261 14 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 261 15 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 261 16 response response NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 262 1 Intracellular Intracellular NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 262 2 pathogen pathogen NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 262 3 detection detection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 262 4 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 262 5 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 262 6 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 262 7 I i NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 262 8 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 262 9 like like JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 262 10 receptors receptor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 263 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 263 2 adaptor adaptor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 263 3 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 263 4 promotes promote VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 263 5 NLRP3 nlrp3 NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 263 6 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 263 7 localization localization NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 263 8 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 263 9 inflammasome inflammasome NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 263 10 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 263 11 Recognition Recognition NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 263 12 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 263 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 263 14 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 263 15 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 263 16 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 264 1 -I -i WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 264 2 results result NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 264 3 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 264 4 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 264 5 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 264 6 CARD9 CARD9 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 264 7 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 264 8 inflammasome inflammasome NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 264 9 signaling signal VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 264 10 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 264 11 interleukin interleukin NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 264 12 1 1 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 264 13 beta beta NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 264 14 production production NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 264 15 Type type NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 265 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 265 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 265 3 triggers trigger VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 265 4 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 266 1 -I -I NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 266 2 / / SYM cord-323756-atnrw9ew 266 3 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 266 4 / / SYM cord-323756-atnrw9ew 266 5 NLRP3-dependent NLRP3-dependent NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 266 6 inflammasome inflammasome NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 266 7 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 266 8 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 266 9 influenza influenza NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 266 10 A a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 266 11 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 266 12 infected infect VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 266 13 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 267 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 267 2 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 267 3 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 267 4 I i NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 267 5 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 267 6 like like JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 267 7 receptor receptor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 267 8 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 267 9 recognizes recognize VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 267 10 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 267 11 termini terminus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 267 12 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 267 13 double double RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 267 14 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 267 15 stranded strand VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 267 16 RNA rna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 2 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 3 domain domain NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 4 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 5 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 6 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 7 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 8 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 9 family family NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 10 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 11 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 12 senses sense VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 13 doublestranded doublestrande VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 15 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 16 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 17 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 18 positive positive JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 19 regulator regulator NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 20 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 21 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 22 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 23 I I NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 24 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 25 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 26 MDA5-mediated MDA5-mediated NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 27 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 268 28 responses response NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 269 1 ATP ATP NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 269 2 hydrolysis hydrolysis NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 269 3 enhances enhance VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 269 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 269 5 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 269 6 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 269 7 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 269 8 signal signal NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 269 9 transduction transduction NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 269 10 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 269 11 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 269 12 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 269 13 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 269 14 sensor sensor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 269 15 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 269 16 laboratory laboratory NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 269 17 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 269 18 genetics genetic NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 269 19 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 269 20 physiology physiology NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 269 21 2 2 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 2 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 4 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 5 plays play VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 6 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 7 critical critical JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 8 role role NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 9 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 10 sensitizing sensitize VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 11 mda-5 mda-5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 12 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 13 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 14 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 15 double double RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 16 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 17 stranded strand VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 19 From from IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 20 unwinding unwind VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 21 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 22 clamping clamp VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 23 -the -the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 24 DEAD DEAD NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 25 box box NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 26 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 27 helicase helicase NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 28 family family NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 29 DExD DExD NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 30 / / SYM cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 31 H H NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 32 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 33 box box NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 34 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 35 helicases helicase NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 36 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 37 mediators mediator NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 38 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 39 anti anti JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 40 - - JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 41 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 42 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 43 immunity immunity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 44 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 45 essential essential JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 46 host host NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 47 factors factor NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 48 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 49 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 270 50 replication replication NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 271 1 DEAD DEAD NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 271 2 / / SYM cord-323756-atnrw9ew 271 3 H h NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 271 4 BOX box NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 271 5 3 3 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 272 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 272 2 DDX3 DDX3 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 272 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 272 4 helicase helicase NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 272 5 binds bind VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 272 6 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 272 7 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 272 8 - - : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 272 9 I i NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 272 10 adaptor adaptor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 272 11 IPS-1 IPS-1 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 1 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 2 up up RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 3 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 4 regulate regulate VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 5 IFN IFN NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 6 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 7 beta beta NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 8 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 9 inducing induce VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 10 potential potential JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 11 Viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 12 targeting targeting NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 13 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 14 DEAD DEAD NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 15 box box NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 16 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 17 3 3 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 18 reveals reveal VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 19 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 20 role role NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 21 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 22 TBK1 TBK1 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 23 / / SYM cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 24 IKKepsilon IKKepsilon NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 25 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 26 mediated mediate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 27 IRF IRF NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 273 28 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 1 Hepatitis Hepatitis NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 2 C C NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 3 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 4 core core NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 5 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 6 abrogates abrogate VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 7 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 8 DDX3 DDX3 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 9 function function NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 10 that that WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 11 enhances enhance VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 12 IPS-1-mediated ips-1-mediate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 13 IFN IFN NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 14 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 15 beta beta NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 16 induction induction NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 17 DHX9 DHX9 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 18 pairs pair NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 19 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 20 IPS-1 IPS-1 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 21 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 22 sense sense VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 23 double double RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 24 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 25 stranded strand VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 26 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 27 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 28 myeloid myeloid JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 29 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 30 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 31 DDX1 DDX1 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 32 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 33 DDX21 DDX21 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 34 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 35 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 36 DHX36 DHX36 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 37 helicases helicase NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 38 form form VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 39 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 40 complex complex NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 41 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 42 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 43 adaptor adaptor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 44 molecule molecule NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 45 TRIF TRIF NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 46 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 47 sense sense VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 48 dsRNA dsrna JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 49 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 50 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 51 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 52 Aspartateglutamate Aspartateglutamate NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 53 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 54 alanine alanine NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 55 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 56 histidine histidine NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 57 box box NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 274 58 motif motif NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 275 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-323756-atnrw9ew 275 2 DEAH)/RNA DEAH)/RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 275 3 helicase helicase NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 276 1 A a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 276 2 helicases helicase NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 276 3 sense sense VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 276 4 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 276 5 DNA dna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 276 6 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 276 7 human human JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 276 8 plasmacytoid plasmacytoid NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 276 9 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 276 10 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 277 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 277 2 DHX33 DHX33 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 277 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 277 4 helicase helicase NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 277 5 senses sense VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 277 6 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 277 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 277 8 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 277 9 activates activate VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 277 10 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 277 11 NLRP3 nlrp3 XX cord-323756-atnrw9ew 277 12 inflammasome inflammasome NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 2 interaction interaction NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 3 between between IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 4 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 5 helicase helicase NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 6 DHX33 DHX33 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 7 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 8 IPS-1 IPS-1 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 9 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 10 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 11 novel novel JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 12 pathway pathway NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 13 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 14 sense sense VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 15 double double RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 16 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 17 stranded strand VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 19 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 20 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 21 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 22 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 23 myeloid myeloid JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 24 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 25 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 26 DDX60 DDX60 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 27 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 28 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 29 DEXD DEXD NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 30 / / SYM cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 31 H h NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 32 box box NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 33 helicase helicase NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 34 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 35 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 36 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 37 novel novel JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 38 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 39 factor factor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 40 promoting promote VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 41 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 42 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 43 I i NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 44 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 45 like like JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 46 receptor receptor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 47 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 48 mediated mediate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 49 signaling signal VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 50 Cytosolic Cytosolic NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 51 sensing sensing NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 52 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 278 53 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 279 1 Interferon interferon NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 279 2 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 279 3 inducible inducible JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 279 4 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 279 5 effectors effector NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 1 5'-Triphosphate 5'-triphosphate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 2 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 3 dependent dependent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 4 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 5 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 6 PKR PKR NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 7 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 8 RNAs rna NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 9 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 10 short short JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 11 stem stem NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 12 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 13 loops loop NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 14 IFIT1 ifit1 RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 15 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 16 an an DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 17 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 18 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 19 that that WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 20 recognizes recognize VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 21 5'-triphosphate 5'-triphosphate CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 23 Structural structural JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 24 basis basis NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 25 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 26 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 27 5'-PPP 5'-ppp CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 28 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 29 RNA rna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 30 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 31 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 32 human human JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 33 IFIT ifit NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 280 34 proteins protein NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 1 Ifit1 Ifit1 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 2 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 3 Japanese japanese JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 4 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 5 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 6 replication replication NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 7 through through IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 8 binding bind VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 9 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 10 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 11 ' ' '' cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 12 capped cap VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 13 2'-O 2'-o CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 14 unmethylated unmethylate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 16 2'-O 2'-o CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 17 methylation methylation NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 18 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 19 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 20 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 21 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 22 cap cap NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 23 evades evade VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 24 host host NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 25 restriction restriction NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 26 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 27 IFIT IFIT NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 28 family family NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 29 members member NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 30 2'-O 2'-o CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 31 methylation methylation NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 32 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 33 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 34 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 35 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 36 cap cap NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 37 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 38 West West NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 39 Nile Nile NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 40 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 41 evades evade VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 42 ifit1-dependent ifit1-dependent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 43 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 44 -independent -independent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 45 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 46 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 47 host host NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 48 restriction restriction NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 49 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 50 vivo vivo NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 51 Crystal Crystal NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 52 structure structure NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 53 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 281 54 ISG54 ISG54 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 1 reveals reveal VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 2 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 3 novel novel JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 5 binding binding NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 6 structure structure NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 7 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 8 potential potential JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 9 functional functional JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 10 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 11 Activation Activation NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 12 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 13 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 14 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 15 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 16 responses response NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 17 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 18 Nod2 Nod2 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 19 Critical Critical NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 20 role role NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 21 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 22 cryopyrin cryopyrin NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 23 / / SYM cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 24 Nalp3 nalp3 XX cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 25 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 26 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 27 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 28 caspase-1 caspase-1 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 29 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 30 response response NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 31 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 32 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 33 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 34 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 35 double double RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 36 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 37 stranded strand VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 282 38 RNA rna NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 283 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 283 2 NLRP3 nlrp3 NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 283 3 inflammasome inflammasome NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 283 4 mediates mediate VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 283 5 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 283 6 vivo vivo FW cord-323756-atnrw9ew 283 7 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 283 8 immunity immunity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 283 9 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 283 10 influenza influenza NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 283 11 A a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 283 12 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 283 13 through through IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 283 14 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 283 15 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 283 16 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 283 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 284 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 284 2 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 284 3 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 284 4 acid acid NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 284 5 sensor sensor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 284 6 LRRFIP1 LRRFIP1 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 284 7 mediates mediate VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 284 8 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 284 9 production production NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 284 10 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 284 11 type type NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 285 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 285 2 interferon interferon RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 1 via via IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 2 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 3 betacatenin betacatenin NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 4 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 5 dependent dependent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 6 pathway pathway NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 7 Characterization characterization NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 8 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 9 LRRFIP1 lrrfip1 DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 10 Patterns pattern NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 11 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 12 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 13 sequences sequence NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 14 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 15 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 16 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 17 host host NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 18 cell cell NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 20 identify identify VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 21 mediators mediator NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 22 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 23 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 24 host host NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 25 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 26 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 27 system system NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 28 Oligonucleotide Oligonucleotide NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 29 motifs motif NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 30 that that WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 31 disappear disappear VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 32 during during IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 33 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 34 evolution evolution NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 35 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 36 influenza influenza NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 37 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 38 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 39 humans human NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 40 increase increase VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 41 alpha alpha NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 42 interferon interferon NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 43 secretion secretion NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 44 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 45 plasmacytoid plasmacytoid NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 46 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 286 47 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 287 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 287 2 biased biased JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 287 3 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 287 4 composition composition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 287 5 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 287 6 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 287 7 triggers trigger VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 287 8 type type NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 288 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 289 1 interferon interferon NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 289 2 response response NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 289 3 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 289 4 correlates correlate VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 289 5 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 290 1 subtype subtype NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 290 2 D D NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 290 3 increased increase VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 290 4 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 290 5 Nucleoside nucleoside NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 290 6 modifications modification NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 290 7 modulate modulate VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 290 8 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 290 9 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 290 10 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 290 11 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 290 12 kinase kinase VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 290 13 PKR PKR NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 290 14 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 290 15 an an DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 290 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 290 17 structure structure NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 290 18 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 290 19 specific specific JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 290 20 manner manner JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 290 21 Native native JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 290 22 tertiary tertiary JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 290 23 structure structure NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 290 24 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 290 25 nucleoside nucleoside NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 290 26 modifications modification NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 1 suppress suppress VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 2 tRNA tRNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 3 's 's POS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 4 intrinsic intrinsic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 5 ability ability NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 6 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 7 activate activate VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 8 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 9 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 10 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 11 sensor sensor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 12 PKR PKR NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 13 Inosine Inosine NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 14 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 15 containing contain VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 17 is be VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 18 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 19 novel novel JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 20 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 21 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 22 recognition recognition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 23 element element NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 24 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 25 reduces reduce VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 26 RSV RSV NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 291 27 infection infection NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 2 mechanism mechanism NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 3 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 4 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 5 translation translation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 6 initiation initiation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 7 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 8 principles principle NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 9 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 11 regulation regulation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 12 Targeting targeting NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 13 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 14 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 15 signalling signalling NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 16 networks network NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 17 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 18 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 19 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 20 Processing Processing NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 21 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 22 genome genome NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 23 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 24 ' ' NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 25 termini termini NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 26 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 27 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 28 strategy strategy NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 29 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 30 negative negative JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 31 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 32 strand strand NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 33 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 34 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 35 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 36 avoid avoid VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 37 RIG rig NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 38 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 39 I i NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 40 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 41 dependent dependent JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 42 interferon interferon NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 43 induction induction NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 44 Short Short NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 45 doublestranded doublestrande VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 46 RNAs rna NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 47 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 48 an an DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 49 overhanging overhanging JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 50 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 51 ' ' `` cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 52 ppp ppp NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 53 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 54 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 55 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 56 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 57 found find VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 58 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 59 arenavirus arenavirus NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 60 genomes genome NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 61 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 62 act act VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 63 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 292 64 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 293 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 293 2 decoys decoy VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 293 3 A a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 293 4 new new JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 293 5 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 293 6 law law NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 293 7 Identification identification NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 293 8 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 293 9 modifications modification NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 293 10 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 293 11 microbial microbial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 293 12 , , , cord-323756-atnrw9ew 293 13 native native JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 293 14 tRNA tRNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 294 1 that that DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 294 2 suppress suppress VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 294 3 immunostimulatory immunostimulatory JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 294 4 activity activity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 2 2'-O 2'-o CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 3 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 4 methylation methylation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 5 status status NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 6 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 7 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 8 single single JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 9 guanosine guanosine NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 10 controls control NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 11 transfer transfer NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 13 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 14 mediated mediate VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 15 toll toll NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 16 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 17 like like JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 18 receptor receptor NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 19 7 7 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 20 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 21 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 22 inhibition inhibition NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 23 Viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 24 reorganization reorganization NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 25 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 26 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 27 secretory secretory JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 28 pathway pathway NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 29 generates generate VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 30 distinct distinct JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 31 organelles organelle NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 32 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 33 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 34 replication replication NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 35 Tick tick NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 36 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 37 borne bear VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 38 encephalitis encephalitis JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 39 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 40 delays delay NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 41 interferon interferon VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 42 induction induction NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 43 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 44 hides hide VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 45 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 46 double double RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 47 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 48 stranded strand VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 49 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 50 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 51 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 52 membrane membrane NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 295 53 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 1 Delayed delay VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 2 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 3 exposure exposure NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 4 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 5 Japanese japanese JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 6 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 7 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 8 double double RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 9 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 10 stranded strand VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 12 impedes impede VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 13 interferon interferon NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 14 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 15 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 16 enhances enhance VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 17 viral viral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 18 dissemination dissemination NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 19 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 20 porcine porcine JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 21 cells cell NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 22 Formation formation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 23 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 24 membrane membrane NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 25 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 26 defined define VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 27 compartments compartment NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 28 by by IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 29 tick tick NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 30 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 31 borne bear VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 32 encephalitis encephalitis JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 33 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 34 contributes contribute VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 35 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 36 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 37 early early JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 38 delay delay NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 39 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 40 interferon interferon NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 41 signaling signal VBG cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 42 X x NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 43 - - NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 44 ray ray JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 45 structure structure NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 46 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 47 NS1 ns1 NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 48 from from IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 49 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 50 highly highly RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 51 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 52 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 53 influenza influenza NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 296 54 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 297 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 297 2 genome genome NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 297 3 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 297 4 linked link VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 297 5 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 297 6 VPg VPg NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 297 7 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 297 8 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 297 9 viruses virus NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 298 1 -a -a : cord-323756-atnrw9ew 298 2 multifaceted multifaceted JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 298 3 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 298 4 Ebolavirus ebolavirus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 298 5 VP35 VP35 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 298 6 uses use VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 298 7 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 298 8 bimodal bimodal JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 298 9 strategy strategy NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 298 10 to to TO cord-323756-atnrw9ew 298 11 bind bind VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 298 12 dsRNA dsrna JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 298 13 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 298 14 innate innate JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 298 15 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 298 16 suppression suppression NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 298 17 Structure Structure NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 298 18 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 298 19 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 298 20 Lassa Lassa NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 298 21 virus virus NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 298 22 nucleoprotein nucleoprotein NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 1 reveals reveal VBZ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 2 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 3 dsRNA dsrna JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 4 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 5 specific specific JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 6 3 3 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 7 ' ' '' cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 8 to to IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 9 5 5 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 10 ' ' '' cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 11 exonuclease exonuclease NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 12 activity activity NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 13 essential essential JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 14 for for IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 15 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 16 suppression suppression NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 17 Structures structure NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 18 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 19 arenaviral arenaviral JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 20 nucleoproteins nucleoprotein NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 21 with with IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 22 triphosphate triphosphate NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 23 dsRNA dsRNA NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 24 reveal reveal VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 25 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 26 unique unique JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 27 mechanism mechanism NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 28 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 29 immune immune JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 299 30 suppression suppression NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 300 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 300 2 C C NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 300 3 proteins protein NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 300 4 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 300 5 human human JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 300 6 parainfluenza parainfluenza NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 300 7 virus virus NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 300 8 type type NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 300 9 1 1 CD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 300 10 limit limit VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 300 11 double double RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 300 12 - - HYPH cord-323756-atnrw9ew 300 13 stranded strand VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 300 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 300 15 accumulation accumulation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 300 16 that that WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 300 17 would would MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 300 18 otherwise otherwise RB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 300 19 trigger trigger VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 300 20 activation activation NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 300 21 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 300 22 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 300 23 and and CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 300 24 protein protein NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 300 25 kinase kinase NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 300 26 R r NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 1 The the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 2 authors author NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 3 declare declare VBP cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 4 that that IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 5 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 6 research research NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 7 was be VBD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 8 conducted conduct VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 9 in in IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 10 the the DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 11 absence absence NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 12 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 13 any any DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 14 commercial commercial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 15 or or CC cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 16 financial financial JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 17 relationships relationship NNS cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 18 that that WDT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 19 could could MD cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 20 be be VB cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 21 construed construe VBN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 22 as as IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 23 a a DT cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 24 potential potential JJ cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 25 conflict conflict NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 26 of of IN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 27 interest interest NN cord-323756-atnrw9ew 301 28 . . .