id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-291727-4wfhuvww	Ketteler, Robin	On programmed ribosomal frameshifting: the alternative proteomes	2012-11-19		.txt	text/plain	6681	353	51	There are two main mechanisms that produce out of frame peptides: changes in the genome sequence that result in insertions or deletions (indels) and programmed ribosomal frameshifting as a consequence of the ribosome either slipping back one nucleotide (−1 frameshifting) or skipping one nucleotide (+1 frameshifting) (Figure 1) . By contrast, programmed ribosomal frameshifting can result in dual-coding genes that produce alternative functional proteins, which form an integral part of the organism's physiology. Although the slippery sequence and pseudoknot are the most common motifs for frameshifting identified thus far, there are alternative mechanisms that may result in the production of out-of-frame proteins. First, one has to identify in mRNAs the requirements for a productive frameshift peptide: One might argue that a slippery sequence and a pseudoknot are a good predictor of frameshifting events, but-as pointed out above-there are alternative mechanisms that result in frameshifting (see also Figure 2 ). searched the genome for slippery sequences and pseudoknot FIGURE 3 | Methods to detect frameshifting events and out-of-frame peptides.	./cache/cord-291727-4wfhuvww.txt	./txt/cord-291727-4wfhuvww.txt