id sid tid token lemma pos cord-327272-fspxett8 1 1 key key JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 1 2 : : : cord-327272-fspxett8 1 3 cord-327272-fspxett8 cord-327272-fspxett8 NN cord-327272-fspxett8 1 4 authors author NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 1 5 : : : cord-327272-fspxett8 1 6 Buonaguro Buonaguro NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 1 7 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 1 8 Luigi Luigi NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 1 9 ; ; : cord-327272-fspxett8 1 10 Buonaguro Buonaguro NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 1 11 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 1 12 Franco Franco NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 1 13 M. M. NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 2 1 title title NN cord-327272-fspxett8 2 2 : : : cord-327272-fspxett8 2 3 Knowledge knowledge NN cord-327272-fspxett8 2 4 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 2 5 based base VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 2 6 repositioning repositioning NN cord-327272-fspxett8 2 7 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 2 8 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 2 9 anti anti JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 2 10 - - JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 2 11 HCV hcv JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 2 12 direct direct JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 2 13 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 2 14 agent agent NN cord-327272-fspxett8 2 15 Sofosbuvir Sofosbuvir NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 2 16 as as IN cord-327272-fspxett8 2 17 SARS SARS NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 2 18 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 2 19 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 2 20 treatment treatment NN cord-327272-fspxett8 2 21 date date NN cord-327272-fspxett8 2 22 : : : cord-327272-fspxett8 2 23 2020 2020 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 2 24 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 2 25 05 05 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 2 26 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 2 27 12 12 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 2 28 journal journal NN cord-327272-fspxett8 2 29 : : : cord-327272-fspxett8 3 1 Infect infect VB cord-327272-fspxett8 3 2 Agent Agent NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 3 3 Cancer Cancer NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 3 4 DOI DOI NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 3 5 : : : cord-327272-fspxett8 4 1 10.1186 10.1186 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 4 2 / / SYM cord-327272-fspxett8 4 3 s13027 s13027 JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 4 4 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 4 5 020 020 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 4 6 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 4 7 00302-x 00302-x ADD cord-327272-fspxett8 5 1 sha sha NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 5 2 : : : cord-327272-fspxett8 5 3 d8353f529f7ddc3b27675b5ffc8d1fde4325a9cc d8353f529f7ddc3b27675b5ffc8d1fde4325a9cc CD cord-327272-fspxett8 5 4 doc_id doc_id CD cord-327272-fspxett8 5 5 : : : cord-327272-fspxett8 5 6 327272 327272 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 5 7 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 5 8 : : : cord-327272-fspxett8 6 1 fspxett8 fspxett8 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 7 1 The the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 7 2 new new JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 7 3 human human JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 7 4 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-327272-fspxett8 7 5 named name VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 7 6 SARS SARS NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 7 7 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 7 8 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 7 9 is be VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 7 10 a a DT cord-327272-fspxett8 7 11 positive positive JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 7 12 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 7 13 sense sense NN cord-327272-fspxett8 7 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 7 15 virus virus NN cord-327272-fspxett8 7 16 for for IN cord-327272-fspxett8 7 17 which which WDT cord-327272-fspxett8 7 18 no no DT cord-327272-fspxett8 7 19 specific specific JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 7 20 drugs drug NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 7 21 are be VBP cord-327272-fspxett8 7 22 currently currently RB cord-327272-fspxett8 7 23 available available JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 7 24 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 8 1 A a DT cord-327272-fspxett8 8 2 knowledge knowledge NN cord-327272-fspxett8 8 3 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 8 4 based base VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 8 5 analysis analysis NN cord-327272-fspxett8 8 6 strongly strongly RB cord-327272-fspxett8 8 7 suggests suggest VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 8 8 a a DT cord-327272-fspxett8 8 9 possible possible JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 8 10 repositioning repositioning NN cord-327272-fspxett8 8 11 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 8 12 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 8 13 anti anti JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 8 14 - - JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 8 15 HCV hcv JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 8 16 direct direct JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 8 17 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 8 18 agent agent NN cord-327272-fspxett8 8 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 8 20 DAA DAA NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 8 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 8 22 Sofosbuvir Sofosbuvir NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 8 23 as as IN cord-327272-fspxett8 8 24 treatment treatment NN cord-327272-fspxett8 8 25 for for IN cord-327272-fspxett8 8 26 SARS SARS NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 8 27 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 8 28 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 8 29 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 9 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-327272-fspxett8 9 2 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 9 3 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 9 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 9 5 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 9 6 dependent dependent JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 9 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 9 8 - - , cord-327272-fspxett8 9 9 polymerases polymerase NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 9 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 9 11 RdRp RdRp NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 9 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 9 13 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 9 14 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 9 15 two two CD cord-327272-fspxett8 9 16 viruses virus NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 9 17 show show VBP cord-327272-fspxett8 9 18 high high JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 9 19 sequence sequence NN cord-327272-fspxett8 9 20 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 9 21 structural structural JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 9 22 homology homology NN cord-327272-fspxett8 9 23 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 9 24 supporting support VBG cord-327272-fspxett8 9 25 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 9 26 likelihood likelihood NN cord-327272-fspxett8 9 27 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 9 28 binding bind VBG cord-327272-fspxett8 9 29 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 9 30 Sofosbuvir Sofosbuvir NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 9 31 molecule molecule NN cord-327272-fspxett8 9 32 with with IN cord-327272-fspxett8 9 33 similar similar JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 9 34 efficiency efficiency NN cord-327272-fspxett8 9 35 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 10 1 Such such PDT cord-327272-fspxett8 10 2 a a DT cord-327272-fspxett8 10 3 repositioning repositioning NN cord-327272-fspxett8 10 4 would would MD cord-327272-fspxett8 10 5 allow allow VB cord-327272-fspxett8 10 6 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 10 7 containment containment NN cord-327272-fspxett8 10 8 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 10 9 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 10 10 SARS SARS NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 10 11 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 10 12 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 10 13 pandemic pandemic NN cord-327272-fspxett8 10 14 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 10 15 limit limit VB cord-327272-fspxett8 10 16 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 10 17 progression progression NN cord-327272-fspxett8 10 18 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 10 19 disease disease NN cord-327272-fspxett8 10 20 to to IN cord-327272-fspxett8 10 21 potentially potentially RB cord-327272-fspxett8 10 22 deadly deadly JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 10 23 COVID19 covid19 NN cord-327272-fspxett8 10 24 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 11 1 A a DT cord-327272-fspxett8 11 2 new new JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 11 3 human human JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 11 4 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-327272-fspxett8 11 5 named name VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 11 6 SARS SARS NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 11 7 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 11 8 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 11 9 was be VBD cord-327272-fspxett8 11 10 identified identify VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 11 11 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 11 12 several several JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 11 13 cases case NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 11 14 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 11 15 acute acute JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 11 16 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 11 17 syndrome syndrome NN cord-327272-fspxett8 11 18 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 11 19 Wuhan Wuhan NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 11 20 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 11 21 China China NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 11 22 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 11 23 December December NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 11 24 2019 2019 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 11 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 11 26 1 1 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 11 27 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 11 28 2 2 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 11 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 11 30 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 12 1 The the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 12 2 transmission transmission NN cord-327272-fspxett8 12 3 pathways pathway NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 12 4 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 12 5 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 12 6 new new JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 12 7 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-327272-fspxett8 12 8 include include VBP cord-327272-fspxett8 12 9 direct direct JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 12 10 transmission transmission NN cord-327272-fspxett8 12 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 12 12 coughing cough VBG cord-327272-fspxett8 12 13 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 12 14 sneezing sneezing NN cord-327272-fspxett8 12 15 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 12 16 inhalation inhalation NN cord-327272-fspxett8 12 17 transmission transmission NN cord-327272-fspxett8 12 18 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 12 19 droplets droplet NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 12 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 12 21 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 12 22 transmission transmission NN cord-327272-fspxett8 12 23 by by IN cord-327272-fspxett8 12 24 contact contact NN cord-327272-fspxett8 12 25 with with IN cord-327272-fspxett8 12 26 mucosa mucosa JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 12 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 12 28 3 3 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 12 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 12 30 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 13 1 The the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 13 2 viral viral JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 13 3 load load NN cord-327272-fspxett8 13 4 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 13 5 SARS SARS NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 13 6 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 13 7 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 13 8 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 13 9 saliva saliva NN cord-327272-fspxett8 13 10 can can MD cord-327272-fspxett8 13 11 exceed exceed VB cord-327272-fspxett8 13 12 1 1 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 13 13 × × NN cord-327272-fspxett8 13 14 10 10 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 13 15 8 8 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 13 16 viral viral JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 13 17 copies copy NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 13 18 per per IN cord-327272-fspxett8 13 19 milliliter milliliter NN cord-327272-fspxett8 13 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 13 21 4 4 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 13 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 13 23 both both CC cord-327272-fspxett8 13 24 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 13 25 symptomatic symptomatic JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 13 26 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 13 27 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 13 28 positive positive JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 13 29 subjects subject NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 13 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 13 31 5 5 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 13 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 13 33 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 14 1 Consequently consequently RB cord-327272-fspxett8 14 2 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 14 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-327272-fspxett8 14 4 is be VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 14 5 necessary necessary JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 14 6 to to TO cord-327272-fspxett8 14 7 reduce reduce VB cord-327272-fspxett8 14 8 or or CC cord-327272-fspxett8 14 9 block block VB cord-327272-fspxett8 14 10 viral viral JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 14 11 replication replication NN cord-327272-fspxett8 14 12 to to TO cord-327272-fspxett8 14 13 avoid avoid VB cord-327272-fspxett8 14 14 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 14 15 progression progression NN cord-327272-fspxett8 14 16 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 14 17 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 14 18 disease disease NN cord-327272-fspxett8 14 19 towards towards IN cord-327272-fspxett8 14 20 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 14 21 full full RB cord-327272-fspxett8 14 22 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 14 23 blown blown JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 14 24 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 14 25 potentially potentially RB cord-327272-fspxett8 14 26 lethal lethal JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 14 27 form form NN cord-327272-fspxett8 14 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 14 29 COVID19 covid19 NN cord-327272-fspxett8 14 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 14 31 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 14 32 but but CC cord-327272-fspxett8 14 33 also also RB cord-327272-fspxett8 14 34 to to TO cord-327272-fspxett8 14 35 reduce reduce VB cord-327272-fspxett8 14 36 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 14 37 viral viral JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 14 38 titer titer NN cord-327272-fspxett8 14 39 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 14 40 viral viral JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 14 41 shedding shed VBG cord-327272-fspxett8 14 42 through through IN cord-327272-fspxett8 14 43 saliva saliva NN cord-327272-fspxett8 14 44 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 14 45 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 14 46 symptomatic symptomatic JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 14 47 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 14 48 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 14 49 infected infected JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 14 50 individuals individual NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 14 51 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 15 1 Specific specific JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 15 2 drugs drug NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 15 3 for for IN cord-327272-fspxett8 15 4 SARS SARS NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 15 5 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 15 6 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 15 7 are be VBP cord-327272-fspxett8 15 8 obviously obviously RB cord-327272-fspxett8 15 9 not not RB cord-327272-fspxett8 15 10 available available JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 15 11 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 16 1 Currently currently RB cord-327272-fspxett8 16 2 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 16 3 drugs drug NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 16 4 originally originally RB cord-327272-fspxett8 16 5 developed develop VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 16 6 for for IN cord-327272-fspxett8 16 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 16 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 16 9 e.g. e.g. IN cord-327272-fspxett8 16 10 lopinavir lopinavir NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 16 11 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 16 12 ritonavir ritonavir NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 16 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 16 14 are be VBP cord-327272-fspxett8 16 15 under under IN cord-327272-fspxett8 16 16 evaluation evaluation NN cord-327272-fspxett8 16 17 on on IN cord-327272-fspxett8 16 18 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 16 19 basis basis NN cord-327272-fspxett8 16 20 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 16 21 weak weak JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 16 22 evidences evidence NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 16 23 from from IN cord-327272-fspxett8 16 24 retrospective retrospective JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 16 25 analyses analysis NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 16 26 suggesting suggest VBG cord-327272-fspxett8 16 27 clinical clinical JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 16 28 benefit benefit NN cord-327272-fspxett8 16 29 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 16 30 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 16 31 treatment treatment NN cord-327272-fspxett8 16 32 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 16 33 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 16 34 two two CD cord-327272-fspxett8 16 35 previous previous JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 16 36 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-327272-fspxett8 16 37 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 16 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 16 39 6 6 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 16 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 16 41 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 17 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-327272-fspxett8 17 2 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 17 3 anti anti JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 17 4 - - JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 17 5 malaria malaria JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 17 6 chloroquine chloroquine NN cord-327272-fspxett8 17 7 or or CC cord-327272-fspxett8 17 8 hydroxychloroquine hydroxychloroquine NN cord-327272-fspxett8 17 9 are be VBP cord-327272-fspxett8 17 10 tested test VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 17 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 17 12 7 7 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 17 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 17 14 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 18 1 The the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 18 2 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-327272-fspxett8 18 3 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 18 4 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 18 5 's 's POS cord-327272-fspxett8 18 6 polymerase polymerase NN cord-327272-fspxett8 18 7 Favipiravir Favipiravir NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 18 8 is be VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 18 9 currently currently RB cord-327272-fspxett8 18 10 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 18 11 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 18 12 a a DT cord-327272-fspxett8 18 13 clinical clinical JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 18 14 trial trial NN cord-327272-fspxett8 18 15 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 18 16 combination combination NN cord-327272-fspxett8 18 17 with with IN cord-327272-fspxett8 18 18 anti anti JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 18 19 - - JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 18 20 IL-6 il-6 JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 18 21 receptor receptor NN cord-327272-fspxett8 18 22 Tocilizumab Tocilizumab NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 18 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 18 24 NCT04310228 NCT04310228 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 18 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 18 26 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 19 1 Finally finally RB cord-327272-fspxett8 19 2 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 19 3 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 19 4 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-327272-fspxett8 19 5 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 19 6 Ebolavirus Ebolavirus NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 19 7 ' ' POS cord-327272-fspxett8 19 8 polymerase polymerase NN cord-327272-fspxett8 19 9 Remdesivir Remdesivir NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 19 10 is be VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 19 11 currently currently RB cord-327272-fspxett8 19 12 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 19 13 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 19 14 two two CD cord-327272-fspxett8 19 15 major major JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 19 16 SIMPLE simple JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 19 17 clinical clinical JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 19 18 trials trial NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 19 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 19 20 NCT04292899 NCT04292899 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 19 21 ; ; : cord-327272-fspxett8 19 22 NCT04257656 NCT04257656 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 19 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 19 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 19 25 8 8 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 19 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 19 27 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 20 1 On on IN cord-327272-fspxett8 20 2 Apr. April NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 20 3 29 29 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 20 4 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 20 5 2020 2020 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 20 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-327272-fspxett8 20 7 was be VBD cord-327272-fspxett8 20 8 announced announce VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 20 9 that that IN cord-327272-fspxett8 20 10 results result NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 20 11 from from IN cord-327272-fspxett8 20 12 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 20 13 trial trial NN cord-327272-fspxett8 20 14 NCT04292899 NCT04292899 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 20 15 showed show VBD cord-327272-fspxett8 20 16 clinical clinical JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 20 17 improvement improvement NN cord-327272-fspxett8 20 18 for for IN cord-327272-fspxett8 20 19 50 50 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 20 20 percent percent NN cord-327272-fspxett8 20 21 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 20 22 patients patient NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 20 23 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 20 24 10 10 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 20 25 days day NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 20 26 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 20 27 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 20 28 5-day 5-day JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 20 29 treatment treatment NN cord-327272-fspxett8 20 30 group group NN cord-327272-fspxett8 20 31 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 20 32 11 11 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 20 33 days day NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 20 34 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 20 35 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 20 36 10-day 10-day CD cord-327272-fspxett8 20 37 treatment treatment NN cord-327272-fspxett8 20 38 group group NN cord-327272-fspxett8 20 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 20 40 https://www https://www . cord-327272-fspxett8 20 41 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 21 1 gilead.com/news-and-press/press-room/press-releases/202 gilead.com/news-and-press/press-room/press-releases/202 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 21 2 0/4 0/4 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 22 1 /gilead /gilead , cord-327272-fspxett8 22 2 - - : cord-327272-fspxett8 22 3 announces announce VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 22 4 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 22 5 results result NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 22 6 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 22 7 from from IN cord-327272-fspxett8 22 8 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 22 9 phase-3-trial phase-3-trial NN cord-327272-fspxett8 22 10 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 22 11 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 22 12 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 22 13 investigational investigational JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 22 14 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 22 15 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 22 16 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 22 17 remdesivir remdesivir NN cord-327272-fspxett8 22 18 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 22 19 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 22 20 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 22 21 patients patient NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 22 22 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 22 23 with with IN cord-327272-fspxett8 22 24 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 22 25 severecovid-19 severecovid-19 NN cord-327272-fspxett8 22 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 22 27 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 23 1 However however RB cord-327272-fspxett8 23 2 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 23 3 a a DT cord-327272-fspxett8 23 4 trial trial NN cord-327272-fspxett8 23 5 conducted conduct VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 23 6 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 23 7 China China NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 23 8 showed show VBD cord-327272-fspxett8 23 9 Remdesivir Remdesivir NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 23 10 did do VBD cord-327272-fspxett8 23 11 not not RB cord-327272-fspxett8 23 12 improve improve VB cord-327272-fspxett8 23 13 patients patient NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 23 14 ' ' POS cord-327272-fspxett8 23 15 condition condition NN cord-327272-fspxett8 23 16 nor nor CC cord-327272-fspxett8 23 17 reduced reduce VBD cord-327272-fspxett8 23 18 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 23 19 positivity positivity NN cord-327272-fspxett8 23 20 to to IN cord-327272-fspxett8 23 21 virus virus NN cord-327272-fspxett8 23 22 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 24 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-327272-fspxett8 24 2 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 24 3 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 24 4 drug drug NN cord-327272-fspxett8 24 5 showed show VBD cord-327272-fspxett8 24 6 also also RB cord-327272-fspxett8 24 7 significant significant JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 24 8 side side NN cord-327272-fspxett8 24 9 effects effect NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 24 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 24 11 https://www.ft.com/content/ https://www.ft.com/content/ NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 24 12 0a4872d1 0a4872d1 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 24 13 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 24 14 4cac-4040 4cac-4040 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 24 15 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 24 16 846f 846f NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 24 17 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 24 18 ce32daa09d99 ce32daa09d99 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 24 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 24 20 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 25 1 In in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 25 2 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 25 3 search search NN cord-327272-fspxett8 25 4 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 25 5 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 25 6 potential potential JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 25 7 best good JJS cord-327272-fspxett8 25 8 candidate candidate NN cord-327272-fspxett8 25 9 drugs drug NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 25 10 to to TO cord-327272-fspxett8 25 11 be be VB cord-327272-fspxett8 25 12 repositioned reposition VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 25 13 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 25 14 structural structural JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 25 15 analyses analysis NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 25 16 comparing compare VBG cord-327272-fspxett8 25 17 target target NN cord-327272-fspxett8 25 18 molecules molecule NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 25 19 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 25 20 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 25 21 different different JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 25 22 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 25 23 should should MD cord-327272-fspxett8 25 24 be be VB cord-327272-fspxett8 25 25 applied apply VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 25 26 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 25 27 order order NN cord-327272-fspxett8 25 28 to to TO cord-327272-fspxett8 25 29 guide guide VB cord-327272-fspxett8 25 30 a a DT cord-327272-fspxett8 25 31 knowledge knowledge NN cord-327272-fspxett8 25 32 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 25 33 based base VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 25 34 decision decision NN cord-327272-fspxett8 25 35 process process NN cord-327272-fspxett8 25 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 25 37 9 9 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 25 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 25 39 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 26 1 In in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 26 2 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 26 3 specific specific JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 26 4 case case NN cord-327272-fspxett8 26 5 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 26 6 SARS SARS NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 26 7 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 26 8 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 26 9 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 26 10 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 26 11 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 26 12 general general JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 26 13 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 26 14 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 26 15 case case NN cord-327272-fspxett8 26 16 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 26 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 26 18 viruses virus NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 26 19 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 26 20 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 26 21 most most RBS cord-327272-fspxett8 26 22 specific specific JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 26 23 target target NN cord-327272-fspxett8 26 24 is be VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 26 25 represented represent VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 26 26 by by IN cord-327272-fspxett8 26 27 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 26 28 RNA RNA NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 26 29 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 26 30 dependent dependent JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 26 31 RNA rna NN cord-327272-fspxett8 26 32 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 26 33 polymerase polymerase NN cord-327272-fspxett8 26 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 26 35 RdRp RdRp NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 26 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 26 37 which which WDT cord-327272-fspxett8 26 38 is be VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 26 39 specific specific JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 26 40 to to IN cord-327272-fspxett8 26 41 each each DT cord-327272-fspxett8 26 42 RNA RNA NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 26 43 virus virus NN cord-327272-fspxett8 26 44 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 26 45 regardless regardless RB cord-327272-fspxett8 26 46 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 26 47 polarity polarity NN cord-327272-fspxett8 26 48 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 26 49 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 26 50 viral viral JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 26 51 RNA RNA NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 26 52 genome genome NN cord-327272-fspxett8 26 53 [ [ -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 26 54 10 10 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 26 55 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 26 56 11 11 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 26 57 ] ] -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 26 58 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 27 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-327272-fspxett8 27 2 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 27 3 significant significant JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 27 4 differences difference NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 27 5 are be VBP cord-327272-fspxett8 27 6 identified identify VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 27 7 between between IN cord-327272-fspxett8 27 8 RdRp RdRp NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 27 9 from from IN cord-327272-fspxett8 27 10 positive positive JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 27 11 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 27 12 sense sense NN cord-327272-fspxett8 27 13 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 27 14 negative negative JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 27 15 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 27 16 sense sense NN cord-327272-fspxett8 27 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 27 18 viruses virus NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 27 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 27 20 12 12 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 27 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 27 22 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 28 1 The the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 28 2 latter latter JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 28 3 observation observation NN cord-327272-fspxett8 28 4 strongly strongly RB cord-327272-fspxett8 28 5 suggests suggest VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 28 6 that that IN cord-327272-fspxett8 28 7 repositioning repositioning NN cord-327272-fspxett8 28 8 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 28 9 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 28 10 drugs drug NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 28 11 should should MD cord-327272-fspxett8 28 12 take take VB cord-327272-fspxett8 28 13 into into IN cord-327272-fspxett8 28 14 consideration consideration NN cord-327272-fspxett8 28 15 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 28 16 molecular molecular JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 28 17 basis basis NN cord-327272-fspxett8 28 18 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 28 19 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 28 20 genomic genomic JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 28 21 viral viral JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 28 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 28 23 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 29 1 SARS SARS NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 29 2 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 29 3 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 29 4 is be VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 29 5 a a DT cord-327272-fspxett8 29 6 positive positive JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 29 7 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 29 8 sense sense NN cord-327272-fspxett8 29 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 29 10 virus virus NN cord-327272-fspxett8 29 11 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 30 1 The the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 30 2 only only JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 30 3 positive positive JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 30 4 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 30 5 sense sense NN cord-327272-fspxett8 30 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 30 7 virus virus NN cord-327272-fspxett8 30 8 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 30 9 for for IN cord-327272-fspxett8 30 10 which which WDT cord-327272-fspxett8 30 11 a a DT cord-327272-fspxett8 30 12 very very RB cord-327272-fspxett8 30 13 effective effective JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 30 14 drug drug NN cord-327272-fspxett8 30 15 targeting target VBG cord-327272-fspxett8 30 16 specifically specifically RB cord-327272-fspxett8 30 17 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 30 18 RdRp RdRp NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 30 19 is be VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 30 20 available available JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 30 21 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 30 22 approved approve VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 30 23 world world NN cord-327272-fspxett8 30 24 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 30 25 wide wide RB cord-327272-fspxett8 30 26 for for IN cord-327272-fspxett8 30 27 clinical clinical JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 30 28 use use NN cord-327272-fspxett8 30 29 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 30 30 is be VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 30 31 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-327272-fspxett8 30 32 C C NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 30 33 virus virus NN cord-327272-fspxett8 30 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 30 35 HCV HCV NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 30 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 30 37 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 31 1 In in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 31 2 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 31 3 specific specific JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 31 4 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 31 5 Sofosbuvir Sofosbuvir NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 31 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 31 7 Sovaldi Sovaldi NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 31 8 ® ® '' cord-327272-fspxett8 31 9 ; ; : cord-327272-fspxett8 31 10 Epclusa Epclusa NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 31 11 ® ® NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 31 12 by by IN cord-327272-fspxett8 31 13 Gilead Gilead NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 31 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 31 15 is be VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 31 16 a a DT cord-327272-fspxett8 31 17 direct direct JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 31 18 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 31 19 agent agent NN cord-327272-fspxett8 31 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 31 21 DAA DAA NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 31 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 31 23 that that WDT cord-327272-fspxett8 31 24 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 31 25 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 31 26 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-327272-fspxett8 31 27 C C NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 31 28 NS5B NS5B NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 31 29 RdRp RdRp NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 31 30 protein protein NN cord-327272-fspxett8 31 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 31 32 13 13 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 31 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 31 34 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 32 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-327272-fspxett8 32 2 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 32 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-327272-fspxett8 32 4 has have VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 32 5 been be VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 32 6 already already RB cord-327272-fspxett8 32 7 shown show VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 32 8 to to TO cord-327272-fspxett8 32 9 be be VB cord-327272-fspxett8 32 10 effective effective JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 32 11 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 32 12 vitro vitro FW cord-327272-fspxett8 32 13 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 32 14 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 32 15 humans human NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 32 16 for for IN cord-327272-fspxett8 32 17 other other JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 32 18 two two CD cord-327272-fspxett8 32 19 different different JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 32 20 positive positive JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 32 21 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 32 22 sense sense NN cord-327272-fspxett8 32 23 RNA RNA NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 32 24 viruses virus NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 32 25 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 32 26 namely namely RB cord-327272-fspxett8 32 27 Yellow Yellow NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 32 28 Fever Fever NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 32 29 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 32 30 Hepatitis Hepatitis NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 32 31 A A NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 32 32 virus virus NN cord-327272-fspxett8 32 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 32 34 14 14 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 32 35 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 32 36 15 15 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 32 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 32 38 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 33 1 The the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 33 2 alignment alignment NN cord-327272-fspxett8 33 3 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 33 4 RdRp RdRp NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 33 5 sequences sequence NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 33 6 from from IN cord-327272-fspxett8 33 7 HCV HCV NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 33 8 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 33 9 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 33 10 three three CD cord-327272-fspxett8 33 11 epidemic epidemic NN cord-327272-fspxett8 33 12 / / SYM cord-327272-fspxett8 33 13 pandemic pandemic NN cord-327272-fspxett8 33 14 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 33 15 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 33 16 confirms confirm VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 33 17 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 33 18 high high JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 33 19 homology homology NN cord-327272-fspxett8 33 20 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 33 21 conservation conservation NN cord-327272-fspxett8 33 22 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 33 23 several several JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 33 24 residues residue NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 33 25 along along IN cord-327272-fspxett8 33 26 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 33 27 sequence sequence NN cord-327272-fspxett8 33 28 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 33 29 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 33 30 particular particular JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 33 31 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 33 32 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 33 33 Motif motif NN cord-327272-fspxett8 33 34 B B NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 33 35 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 33 36 C. c. NN cord-327272-fspxett8 34 1 On on IN cord-327272-fspxett8 34 2 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 34 3 contrary contrary NN cord-327272-fspxett8 34 4 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 34 5 such such JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 34 6 homology homology NN cord-327272-fspxett8 34 7 is be VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 34 8 almost almost RB cord-327272-fspxett8 34 9 lost lose VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 34 10 when when WRB cord-327272-fspxett8 34 11 RdRp RdRp NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 34 12 sequences sequence NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 34 13 from from IN cord-327272-fspxett8 34 14 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 34 15 three three CD cord-327272-fspxett8 34 16 epidemic epidemic NN cord-327272-fspxett8 34 17 / / SYM cord-327272-fspxett8 34 18 pandemic pandemic NN cord-327272-fspxett8 34 19 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 34 20 are be VBP cord-327272-fspxett8 34 21 aligned align VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 34 22 with with IN cord-327272-fspxett8 34 23 those those DT cord-327272-fspxett8 34 24 from from IN cord-327272-fspxett8 34 25 negativesense negativesense NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 34 26 RNA RNA NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 34 27 viruses virus NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 34 28 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 34 29 namely namely RB cord-327272-fspxett8 34 30 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 34 31 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 34 32 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 34 33 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 34 34 Rabies Rabies NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 34 35 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 34 36 Vesicular Vesicular NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 34 37 Stomatitis Stomatitis NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 34 38 viruses virus NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 34 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 34 40 16 16 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 34 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 34 42 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 35 1 The the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 35 2 structure structure NN cord-327272-fspxett8 35 3 modeling modeling NN cord-327272-fspxett8 35 4 shows show VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 35 5 that that IN cord-327272-fspxett8 35 6 RdRp RdRp NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 35 7 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 35 8 positivesense positivesense NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 35 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 35 10 HCV HCV NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 35 11 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 35 12 SARS SARS NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 35 13 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 35 14 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 35 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 35 16 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 35 17 negative negative JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 35 18 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 35 19 sense sense NN cord-327272-fspxett8 36 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 36 2 i.e. i.e. FW cord-327272-fspxett8 36 3 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 36 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 36 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 36 6 viruses virus NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 36 7 are be VBP cord-327272-fspxett8 36 8 significantly significantly RB cord-327272-fspxett8 36 9 different different JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 36 10 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 36 11 but but CC cord-327272-fspxett8 36 12 they -PRON- PRP cord-327272-fspxett8 36 13 all all DT cord-327272-fspxett8 36 14 show show VBP cord-327272-fspxett8 36 15 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 36 16 formation formation NN cord-327272-fspxett8 36 17 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 36 18 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 36 19 Motif motif NN cord-327272-fspxett8 36 20 C C NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 36 21 β β NN cord-327272-fspxett8 36 22 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 36 23 strandloop strandloop NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 36 24 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 36 25 β β NN cord-327272-fspxett8 36 26 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 36 27 strand strand NN cord-327272-fspxett8 36 28 structure structure NN cord-327272-fspxett8 36 29 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 37 1 However however RB cord-327272-fspxett8 37 2 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 37 3 only only RB cord-327272-fspxett8 37 4 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 37 5 alignment alignment NN cord-327272-fspxett8 37 6 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 37 7 RdRp RdRp NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 37 8 structures structure NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 37 9 from from IN cord-327272-fspxett8 37 10 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 37 11 two two CD cord-327272-fspxett8 37 12 positive positive JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 37 13 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 37 14 sense sense NN cord-327272-fspxett8 37 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 37 16 viruses virus NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 37 17 shows show VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 37 18 a a DT cord-327272-fspxett8 37 19 superimposition superimposition NN cord-327272-fspxett8 37 20 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 37 21 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 37 22 two two CD cord-327272-fspxett8 37 23 Motifs motif NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 37 24 C C NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 37 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 37 26 16 16 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 37 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 37 28 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 38 1 All all PDT cord-327272-fspxett8 38 2 these these DT cord-327272-fspxett8 38 3 sequence sequence NN cord-327272-fspxett8 38 4 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 38 5 structural structural JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 38 6 modelling modelling NN cord-327272-fspxett8 38 7 evidences evidence NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 38 8 strongly strongly RB cord-327272-fspxett8 38 9 support support VBP cord-327272-fspxett8 38 10 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 38 11 concept concept NN cord-327272-fspxett8 38 12 that that IN cord-327272-fspxett8 38 13 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 38 14 SARS SARS NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 38 15 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 38 16 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 38 17 RdRp RdRp NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 38 18 is be VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 38 19 much much RB cord-327272-fspxett8 38 20 more more RBR cord-327272-fspxett8 38 21 similar similar JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 38 22 to to IN cord-327272-fspxett8 38 23 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 38 24 one one NN cord-327272-fspxett8 38 25 from from IN cord-327272-fspxett8 38 26 HCV HCV NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 38 27 than than IN cord-327272-fspxett8 38 28 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 38 29 one one CD cord-327272-fspxett8 38 30 from from IN cord-327272-fspxett8 38 31 negative negative JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 38 32 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 38 33 sense sense NN cord-327272-fspxett8 38 34 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 38 35 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 38 36 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 38 37 RNA RNA NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 38 38 viruses virus NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 38 39 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 39 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-327272-fspxett8 39 2 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 39 3 repositioning reposition VBG cord-327272-fspxett8 39 4 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 39 5 Sofosbuvir Sofosbuvir NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 39 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 39 7 Sovaldi Sovaldi NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 39 8 ® ® '' cord-327272-fspxett8 39 9 ; ; : cord-327272-fspxett8 39 10 Epclusa Epclusa NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 39 11 ® ® NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 39 12 by by IN cord-327272-fspxett8 39 13 Gilead Gilead NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 39 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 39 15 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 39 16 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 39 17 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-327272-fspxett8 39 18 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 39 19 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 39 20 HCV HCV NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 39 21 NS5B NS5B NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 39 22 RdRp RdRp NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 39 23 protein protein NN cord-327272-fspxett8 39 24 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 39 25 as as RB cord-327272-fspxett8 39 26 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 39 27 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 39 28 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 39 29 treatment treatment NN cord-327272-fspxett8 39 30 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 39 31 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 39 32 SARS SARS NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 39 33 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 39 34 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 39 35 infection infection NN cord-327272-fspxett8 39 36 has have VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 39 37 an an DT cord-327272-fspxett8 39 38 extremely extremely RB cord-327272-fspxett8 39 39 high high JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 39 40 potentiality potentiality NN cord-327272-fspxett8 39 41 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 39 42 success success NN cord-327272-fspxett8 39 43 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 39 44 as as IN cord-327272-fspxett8 39 45 recently recently RB cord-327272-fspxett8 39 46 postulated postulate VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 39 47 by by IN cord-327272-fspxett8 39 48 others other NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 39 49 [ [ -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 39 50 17 17 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 39 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 39 52 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 39 53 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 39 54 is be VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 39 55 suggested suggest VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 39 56 as as IN cord-327272-fspxett8 39 57 a a DT cord-327272-fspxett8 39 58 potential potential JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 39 59 drug drug NN cord-327272-fspxett8 39 60 for for IN cord-327272-fspxett8 39 61 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 39 62 treatment treatment NN cord-327272-fspxett8 39 63 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 39 64 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 39 65 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 39 66 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 39 67 very very RB cord-327272-fspxett8 39 68 recent recent JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 39 69 EASL EASL NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 39 70 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 39 71 ESCMID ESCMID NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 39 72 position position NN cord-327272-fspxett8 39 73 paper paper NN cord-327272-fspxett8 39 74 [ [ -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 39 75 18 18 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 39 76 ] ] -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 39 77 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 40 1 This this DT cord-327272-fspxett8 40 2 is be VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 40 3 further further RB cord-327272-fspxett8 40 4 supported support VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 40 5 by by IN cord-327272-fspxett8 40 6 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 40 7 great great JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 40 8 diversity diversity NN cord-327272-fspxett8 40 9 between between IN cord-327272-fspxett8 40 10 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 40 11 molecular molecular JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 40 12 structure structure NN cord-327272-fspxett8 40 13 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 40 14 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 40 15 Sofosbuvir Sofosbuvir NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 40 16 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 40 17 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 40 18 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 40 19 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 40 20 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 40 21 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 40 22 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 40 23 viruses virus NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 40 24 currently currently RB cord-327272-fspxett8 40 25 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 40 26 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 40 27 clinical clinical JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 40 28 trials trial NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 41 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 41 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 41 3 . . NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 41 4 1 1 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 41 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 41 6 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 42 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-327272-fspxett8 42 2 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 42 3 Sofosbuvir Sofosbuvir NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 42 4 is be VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 42 5 a a DT cord-327272-fspxett8 42 6 prodrug prodrug NN cord-327272-fspxett8 42 7 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 42 8 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 42 9 protide protide JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 42 10 type type NN cord-327272-fspxett8 42 11 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 42 12 is be VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 42 13 metabolized metabolize VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 42 14 to to IN cord-327272-fspxett8 42 15 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 42 16 active active JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 42 17 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 42 18 agent agent NN cord-327272-fspxett8 42 19 GS-461203 GS-461203 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 42 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 42 21 2′-deoxy-2′-α 2′-deoxy-2′-α CD cord-327272-fspxett8 42 22 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 42 23 fluoro fluoro NN cord-327272-fspxett8 42 24 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 42 25 β β NN cord-327272-fspxett8 42 26 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 42 27 C C NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 42 28 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 42 29 methyluridine-5′-triphosphate methyluridine-5′-triphosphate NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 42 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 42 31 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 42 32 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 42 33 liver liver NN cord-327272-fspxett8 42 34 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 43 1 The the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 43 2 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 43 3 involved involve VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 43 4 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 43 5 such such JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 43 6 activation activation NN cord-327272-fspxett8 43 7 are be VBP cord-327272-fspxett8 43 8 cathepsin cathepsin NN cord-327272-fspxett8 43 9 A a NN cord-327272-fspxett8 43 10 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 43 11 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 43 12 histidine histidine NN cord-327272-fspxett8 43 13 triad triad NN cord-327272-fspxett8 43 14 nucleotide nucleotide NN cord-327272-fspxett8 43 15 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 43 16 binding bind VBG cord-327272-fspxett8 43 17 protein protein NN cord-327272-fspxett8 43 18 1 1 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 43 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 43 20 HINT1 HINT1 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 43 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 43 22 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 43 23 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 43 24 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 43 25 repeated repeat VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 43 26 phosphorylation phosphorylation NN cord-327272-fspxett8 43 27 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 44 1 All all PDT cord-327272-fspxett8 44 2 these these DT cord-327272-fspxett8 44 3 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 44 4 have have VBP cord-327272-fspxett8 44 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 44 6 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 44 7 protein protein NN cord-327272-fspxett8 44 8 expression expression NN cord-327272-fspxett8 44 9 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 44 10 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 44 11 lung lung NN cord-327272-fspxett8 44 12 cells cell NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 44 13 comparable comparable JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 44 14 to to IN cord-327272-fspxett8 44 15 liver liver NN cord-327272-fspxett8 44 16 cells cell NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 44 17 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 44 18 ensuring ensure VBG cord-327272-fspxett8 44 19 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 44 20 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 44 21 activation activation NN cord-327272-fspxett8 44 22 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 44 23 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 44 24 Sofosbuvir Sofosbuvir NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 44 25 to to TO cord-327272-fspxett8 44 26 become become VB cord-327272-fspxett8 44 27 an an DT cord-327272-fspxett8 44 28 effective effective JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 44 29 substrate substrate NN cord-327272-fspxett8 44 30 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 44 31 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 44 32 SARS SARS NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 44 33 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 44 34 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 44 35 RdRp RdRp NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 44 36 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 44 37 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 44 38 target target NN cord-327272-fspxett8 44 39 cells cell NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 44 40 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 44 41 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 44 42 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 44 43 tract tract NN cord-327272-fspxett8 44 44 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 45 1 In in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 45 2 conclusion conclusion NN cord-327272-fspxett8 45 3 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 45 4 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 45 5 data datum NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 45 6 here here RB cord-327272-fspxett8 45 7 reported report VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 45 8 indicate indicate VBP cord-327272-fspxett8 45 9 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 45 10 Sofosbuvir Sofosbuvir NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 45 11 as as IN cord-327272-fspxett8 45 12 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 45 13 lead lead NN cord-327272-fspxett8 45 14 compound compound NN cord-327272-fspxett8 45 15 with with IN cord-327272-fspxett8 45 16 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 45 17 highest high JJS cord-327272-fspxett8 45 18 potential potential NN cord-327272-fspxett8 45 19 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 45 20 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 45 21 efficacy efficacy NN cord-327272-fspxett8 45 22 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 45 23 SARS SARS NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 45 24 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 45 25 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 45 26 infection infection NN cord-327272-fspxett8 45 27 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 46 1 In in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 46 2 addition addition NN cord-327272-fspxett8 46 3 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 46 4 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 46 5 long long RB cord-327272-fspxett8 46 6 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 46 7 lasting last VBG cord-327272-fspxett8 46 8 use use NN cord-327272-fspxett8 46 9 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 46 10 patients patient NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 46 11 for for IN cord-327272-fspxett8 46 12 treating treat VBG cord-327272-fspxett8 46 13 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 46 14 eradicating eradicate VBG cord-327272-fspxett8 46 15 HCV HCV NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 46 16 chronic chronic JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 46 17 infection infection NN cord-327272-fspxett8 46 18 provides provide VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 46 19 also also RB cord-327272-fspxett8 46 20 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 46 21 full full JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 46 22 knowledge knowledge NN cord-327272-fspxett8 46 23 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 46 24 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-327272-fspxett8 46 25 safety safety NN cord-327272-fspxett8 46 26 profile profile NN cord-327272-fspxett8 46 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 46 28 13 13 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 46 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 46 30 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 47 1 If if IN cord-327272-fspxett8 47 2 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 47 3 evaluation evaluation NN cord-327272-fspxett8 47 4 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 47 5 humans human NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 47 6 will will MD cord-327272-fspxett8 47 7 hold hold VB cord-327272-fspxett8 47 8 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 47 9 premises premise NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 47 10 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 47 11 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 47 12 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 47 13 silico silico NN cord-327272-fspxett8 47 14 analyses analysis NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 47 15 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 47 16 Sofosbuvir Sofosbuvir NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 47 17 will will MD cord-327272-fspxett8 47 18 become become VB cord-327272-fspxett8 47 19 an an DT cord-327272-fspxett8 47 20 extraordinary extraordinary JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 47 21 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 47 22 tool tool NN cord-327272-fspxett8 47 23 to to TO cord-327272-fspxett8 47 24 inhibit inhibit VB cord-327272-fspxett8 47 25 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 47 26 SARS SARS NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 47 27 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 47 28 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 47 29 replication replication NN cord-327272-fspxett8 47 30 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 47 31 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 47 32 ultimately ultimately RB cord-327272-fspxett8 47 33 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 47 34 to to TO cord-327272-fspxett8 47 35 make make VB cord-327272-fspxett8 47 36 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 47 37 current current JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 47 38 pandemic pandemic NN cord-327272-fspxett8 47 39 a a DT cord-327272-fspxett8 47 40 manageable manageable JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 47 41 disease disease NN cord-327272-fspxett8 47 42 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 48 1 The the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 48 2 continuing continue VBG cord-327272-fspxett8 48 3 2019-nCoV 2019-ncov CD cord-327272-fspxett8 48 4 epidemic epidemic NN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 5 threat threat NN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 6 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 7 novel novel JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 48 8 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 48 9 to to IN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 10 global global JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 48 11 health health NN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 12 -the -the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 48 13 latest late JJS cord-327272-fspxett8 48 14 2019 2019 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 48 15 novel novel JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 48 16 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 17 outbreak outbreak NN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 18 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 19 Wuhan Wuhan NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 48 20 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 48 21 China China NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 48 22 Potential Potential NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 48 23 for for IN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 24 global global JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 48 25 spread spread NN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 26 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 27 a a DT cord-327272-fspxett8 48 28 novel novel JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 48 29 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 30 from from IN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 31 China China NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 48 32 2019-nCoV 2019-ncov CD cord-327272-fspxett8 48 33 transmission transmission NN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 34 through through IN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 35 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 48 36 ocular ocular JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 48 37 surface surface NN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 38 must must MD cord-327272-fspxett8 48 39 not not RB cord-327272-fspxett8 48 40 be be VB cord-327272-fspxett8 48 41 ignored ignore VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 42 Consistent consistent JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 48 43 detection detection NN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 44 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 45 2019 2019 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 48 46 novel novel JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 48 47 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 48 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 49 saliva saliva NN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 50 Transmission transmission NN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 51 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 52 2019-nCoV 2019-ncov CD cord-327272-fspxett8 48 53 infection infection NN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 54 from from IN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 55 an an DT cord-327272-fspxett8 48 56 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 48 57 contact contact NN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 58 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 59 Germany Germany NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 48 60 Role Role NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 48 61 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 62 lopinavir lopinavir NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 48 63 / / SYM cord-327272-fspxett8 48 64 ritonavir ritonavir NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 48 65 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 66 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 48 67 treatment treatment NN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 68 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 48 69 SARS SARS NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 48 70 : : : cord-327272-fspxett8 48 71 initial initial JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 48 72 virological virological JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 48 73 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 48 74 clinical clinical JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 48 75 findings finding NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 49 1 A a DT cord-327272-fspxett8 49 2 systematic systematic JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 49 3 review review NN cord-327272-fspxett8 49 4 on on IN cord-327272-fspxett8 49 5 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 49 6 efficacy efficacy NN cord-327272-fspxett8 49 7 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 49 8 safety safety NN cord-327272-fspxett8 49 9 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 49 10 chloroquine chloroquine NN cord-327272-fspxett8 49 11 for for IN cord-327272-fspxett8 49 12 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 49 13 treatment treatment NN cord-327272-fspxett8 49 14 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 49 15 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 49 16 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 49 17 Susceptibility Susceptibility NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 49 18 to to IN cord-327272-fspxett8 49 19 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 49 20 Antiviral Antiviral NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 49 21 Remdesivir Remdesivir NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 49 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 49 23 GS-5734 GS-5734 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 49 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 49 25 Is be VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 49 26 Mediated mediate VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 49 27 by by IN cord-327272-fspxett8 49 28 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 49 29 Viral Viral NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 49 30 Polymerase Polymerase NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 49 31 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 49 32 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 49 33 Proofreading proofread VBG cord-327272-fspxett8 49 34 Exoribonuclease Exoribonuclease NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 49 35 Challenges challenge NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 49 36 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 49 37 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 49 38 with with IN cord-327272-fspxett8 49 39 drug drug NN cord-327272-fspxett8 49 40 repurposing repurposing NN cord-327272-fspxett8 49 41 : : : cord-327272-fspxett8 49 42 finding find VBG cord-327272-fspxett8 49 43 strategies strategy NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 49 44 to to TO cord-327272-fspxett8 49 45 find find VB cord-327272-fspxett8 49 46 alternative alternative JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 49 47 uses use NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 49 48 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 49 49 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 49 50 A a DT cord-327272-fspxett8 49 51 structure structure NN cord-327272-fspxett8 49 52 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 49 53 function function NN cord-327272-fspxett8 49 54 diversity diversity NN cord-327272-fspxett8 49 55 survey survey NN cord-327272-fspxett8 49 56 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 49 57 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 49 58 RNA RNA NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 49 59 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 49 60 dependent dependent JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 49 61 RNA RNA NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 49 62 polymerases polymerase NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 49 63 from from IN cord-327272-fspxett8 49 64 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 49 65 positive positive JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 49 66 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 49 67 Strand strand NN cord-327272-fspxett8 49 68 RNA RNA NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 49 69 viruses virus NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 49 70 Structural Structural NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 49 71 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 49 72 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 49 73 Monomeric Monomeric NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 49 74 RNA RNA NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 49 75 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 49 76 Dependent Dependent NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 49 77 Polymerases Polymerases NNPS cord-327272-fspxett8 49 78 : : : cord-327272-fspxett8 50 1 Evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 50 2 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 50 3 Therapeutic Therapeutic NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 50 4 Implications Implications NNPS cord-327272-fspxett8 50 5 Identification Identification NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 50 6 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 50 7 four four CD cord-327272-fspxett8 50 8 conserved conserved JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 50 9 motifs motif NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 50 10 among among IN cord-327272-fspxett8 50 11 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 50 12 RNA rna NN cord-327272-fspxett8 50 13 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 50 14 dependent dependent JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 50 15 polymerase polymerase NN cord-327272-fspxett8 50 16 encoding encoding NN cord-327272-fspxett8 50 17 elements element NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 50 18 Hepatitis Hepatitis NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 50 19 C C NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 50 20 virus virus NN cord-327272-fspxett8 50 21 therapy therapy NN cord-327272-fspxett8 50 22 : : : cord-327272-fspxett8 50 23 no no DT cord-327272-fspxett8 50 24 one one NN cord-327272-fspxett8 50 25 will will MD cord-327272-fspxett8 50 26 be be VB cord-327272-fspxett8 50 27 left leave VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 50 28 behind behind IN cord-327272-fspxett8 50 29 Sofosbuvir Sofosbuvir NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 50 30 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 50 31 yellow yellow JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 50 32 fever fever NN cord-327272-fspxett8 50 33 virus virus NN cord-327272-fspxett8 50 34 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 50 35 vitro vitro FW cord-327272-fspxett8 50 36 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 50 37 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 50 38 patients patient NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 50 39 with with IN cord-327272-fspxett8 50 40 acute acute JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 50 41 liver liver NN cord-327272-fspxett8 50 42 failure failure NN cord-327272-fspxett8 51 1 Sofosbuvir Sofosbuvir NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 51 2 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 51 3 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 51 4 a a DT cord-327272-fspxett8 51 5 virus virus NN cord-327272-fspxett8 51 6 replication replication NN cord-327272-fspxett8 51 7 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 51 8 vitro vitro FW cord-327272-fspxett8 51 9 assessed assess VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 51 10 by by IN cord-327272-fspxett8 51 11 a a DT cord-327272-fspxett8 51 12 cell cell NN cord-327272-fspxett8 51 13 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 51 14 based base VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 51 15 fluorescent fluorescent JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 51 16 reporter reporter NN cord-327272-fspxett8 51 17 system system NN cord-327272-fspxett8 51 18 SARS SARS NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 51 19 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 51 20 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 51 21 RNA RNA NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 51 22 polymerase polymerase NN cord-327272-fspxett8 51 23 as as IN cord-327272-fspxett8 51 24 target target NN cord-327272-fspxett8 51 25 for for IN cord-327272-fspxett8 51 26 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 51 27 therapy therapy NN cord-327272-fspxett8 51 28 Anti Anti NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 51 29 - - NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 51 30 HCV HCV NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 51 31 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 51 32 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 51 33 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 51 34 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 51 35 repurposing repurpose VBG cord-327272-fspxett8 51 36 against against IN cord-327272-fspxett8 51 37 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 51 38 Care Care NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 51 39 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 51 40 patients patient NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 51 41 with with IN cord-327272-fspxett8 51 42 liver liver NN cord-327272-fspxett8 51 43 disease disease NN cord-327272-fspxett8 51 44 during during IN cord-327272-fspxett8 51 45 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 51 46 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 51 47 pandemic pandemic NN cord-327272-fspxett8 51 48 : : : cord-327272-fspxett8 51 49 EASL EASL NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 51 50 - - HYPH cord-327272-fspxett8 51 51 ESCMID ESCMID NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 51 52 position position NN cord-327272-fspxett8 51 53 paper paper NN cord-327272-fspxett8 52 1 Publisher publisher NN cord-327272-fspxett8 52 2 's 's POS cord-327272-fspxett8 52 3 Note Note NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 52 4 Springer Springer NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 52 5 Nature Nature NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 52 6 remains remain VBZ cord-327272-fspxett8 52 7 neutral neutral JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 52 8 with with IN cord-327272-fspxett8 52 9 regard regard NN cord-327272-fspxett8 52 10 to to IN cord-327272-fspxett8 52 11 jurisdictional jurisdictional JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 52 12 claims claim NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 52 13 in in IN cord-327272-fspxett8 52 14 published publish VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 52 15 maps map NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 52 16 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 52 17 institutional institutional JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 52 18 affiliations affiliation NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 53 1 Acknowledgements acknowledgement NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 53 2 N/ N/ NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 54 1 A a DT cord-327272-fspxett8 54 2 1 1 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 54 3 Laboratory Laboratory NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 54 4 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 54 5 Innovative Innovative NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 54 6 Immunological Immunological NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 54 7 Models Models NNPS cord-327272-fspxett8 54 8 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 54 9 Istituto Istituto NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 54 10 Nazionale Nazionale NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 54 11 per per IN cord-327272-fspxett8 54 12 lo lo NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 54 13 Studio Studio NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 54 14 e e NN cord-327272-fspxett8 54 15 la la NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 54 16 Cura Cura NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 54 17 dei dei NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 54 18 Tumori Tumori NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 54 19 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 55 1 " " `` cord-327272-fspxett8 55 2 Fondazione Fondazione NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 55 3 Pascale Pascale NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 55 4 " " '' cord-327272-fspxett8 56 1 -IRCCS -irccs UH cord-327272-fspxett8 56 2 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 57 1 Via via IN cord-327272-fspxett8 57 2 Mariano Mariano NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 57 3 Semmola Semmola NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 57 4 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 57 5 1 1 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 57 6 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 57 7 80131 80131 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 57 8 Naples Naples NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 57 9 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 57 10 Italy Italy NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 57 11 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 58 1 2 2 LS cord-327272-fspxett8 58 2 Laboratory Laboratory NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 58 3 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 58 4 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 58 5 Biology Biology NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 58 6 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 58 7 Viral Viral NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 58 8 Oncology Oncology NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 58 9 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 58 10 Istituto Istituto NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 58 11 Nazionale Nazionale NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 58 12 per per IN cord-327272-fspxett8 58 13 lo lo NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 58 14 Studio Studio NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 58 15 e e NN cord-327272-fspxett8 58 16 la la NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 58 17 Cura Cura NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 58 18 dei dei NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 58 19 Tumori Tumori NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 58 20 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 58 21 " " `` cord-327272-fspxett8 58 22 Fondazione Fondazione NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 58 23 Pascale Pascale NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 58 24 " " '' cord-327272-fspxett8 58 25 -IRCCS -IRCCS NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 58 26 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 59 1 Via via IN cord-327272-fspxett8 59 2 Mariano Mariano NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 59 3 Semmola Semmola NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 59 4 52 52 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 59 5 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 59 6 80131 80131 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 59 7 Naples Naples NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 59 8 , , , cord-327272-fspxett8 59 9 Italy Italy NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 59 10 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 60 1 Received receive VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 60 2 : : : cord-327272-fspxett8 61 1 1 1 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 61 2 May May NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 61 3 2020 2020 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 61 4 Accepted accept VBN cord-327272-fspxett8 61 5 : : : cord-327272-fspxett8 61 6 5 5 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 62 1 May May NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 62 2 2020 2020 CD cord-327272-fspxett8 63 1 Authors author NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 63 2 ' ' POS cord-327272-fspxett8 63 3 contributions contribution NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 63 4 LB LB NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 63 5 conceived conceive VBD cord-327272-fspxett8 63 6 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 63 7 concept concept NN cord-327272-fspxett8 63 8 ; ; : cord-327272-fspxett8 63 9 FMB FMB NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 63 10 contributed contribute VBD cord-327272-fspxett8 63 11 to to IN cord-327272-fspxett8 63 12 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 63 13 concept concept NN cord-327272-fspxett8 63 14 ; ; : cord-327272-fspxett8 63 15 LB LB NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 63 16 drafted draft VBD cord-327272-fspxett8 63 17 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 63 18 manuscript manuscript NN cord-327272-fspxett8 63 19 ; ; : cord-327272-fspxett8 63 20 LB LB NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 63 21 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 63 22 FMB FMB NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 63 23 revised revise VBD cord-327272-fspxett8 63 24 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 63 25 manuscript manuscript NN cord-327272-fspxett8 63 26 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 64 1 The the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 64 2 author(s author(s NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 64 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-327272-fspxett8 64 4 read read VBD cord-327272-fspxett8 64 5 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 64 6 approved approve VBD cord-327272-fspxett8 64 7 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 64 8 final final JJ cord-327272-fspxett8 64 9 manuscript manuscript NN cord-327272-fspxett8 64 10 . . . cord-327272-fspxett8 64 11 _SP cord-327272-fspxett8 65 1 Ethics ethic NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 65 2 approval approval NN cord-327272-fspxett8 65 3 and and CC cord-327272-fspxett8 65 4 consent consent NN cord-327272-fspxett8 65 5 to to TO cord-327272-fspxett8 65 6 participate participate VB cord-327272-fspxett8 65 7 N/ N/ NNP cord-327272-fspxett8 66 1 A a DT cord-327272-fspxett8 66 2 Authors author NNS cord-327272-fspxett8 66 3 declare declare VBP cord-327272-fspxett8 66 4 the the DT cord-327272-fspxett8 66 5 absence absence NN cord-327272-fspxett8 66 6 of of IN cord-327272-fspxett8 66 7 any any DT cord-327272-fspxett8 66 8 competing compete VBG cord-327272-fspxett8 66 9 interest interest NN cord-327272-fspxett8 66 10 . . .