id sid tid token lemma pos cord-334123-wb45ww7f 1 1 key key NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 1 2 : : : cord-334123-wb45ww7f 1 3 cord-334123-wb45ww7f cord-334123-wb45ww7f NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 1 4 authors author NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 1 5 : : : cord-334123-wb45ww7f 1 6 Schimmel Schimmel NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 1 7 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 1 8 Paul Paul NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 1 9 title title NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 1 10 : : : cord-334123-wb45ww7f 1 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 1 12 pseudoknots pseudoknot NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 1 13 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 1 14 interact interact VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 1 15 with with IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 1 16 components component NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 1 17 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 1 18 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 1 19 translation translation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 1 20 apparatus apparatus NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 1 21 date date NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 1 22 : : : cord-334123-wb45ww7f 2 1 1989 1989 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 2 2 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 2 3 07 07 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 2 4 - - SYM cord-334123-wb45ww7f 2 5 14 14 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 2 6 journal journal NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 2 7 : : : cord-334123-wb45ww7f 3 1 Cell cell NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 3 2 DOI doi NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 3 3 : : : cord-334123-wb45ww7f 3 4 10.1016/0092 10.1016/0092 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 3 5 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 3 6 8674(89)90395 8674(89)90395 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 3 7 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 3 8 4 4 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 3 9 sha sha NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 3 10 : : : cord-334123-wb45ww7f 3 11 4b6db8301abc74e155757a72ccd0fcc317131e2a 4b6db8301abc74e155757a72ccd0fcc317131e2a CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 3 12 doc_id doc_id CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 3 13 : : : cord-334123-wb45ww7f 3 14 334123 334123 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 3 15 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 3 16 : : : cord-334123-wb45ww7f 4 1 wb45ww7f wb45ww7f NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 4 2 nan nan NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 5 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 5 2 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 5 3 not not RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 5 4 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 5 5 long long JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 5 6 extrapolation extrapolation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 5 7 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 5 8 recognize recognize VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 5 9 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 5 10 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 5 11 unanticipated unanticipated JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 5 12 structural structural JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 5 13 motifs motif NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 5 14 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 5 15 were be VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 5 16 found find VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 5 17 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 5 18 tRNA tRNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 5 19 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 5 20 underpinnings underpinning NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 5 21 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 5 22 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 5 23 RNA RNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 5 24 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 5 25 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 6 1 The the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 6 2 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 6 3 was be VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 6 4 proposed propose VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 6 5 as as IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 6 6 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 6 7 potentially potentially RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 6 8 widespread widespread JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 6 9 motif motif NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 6 10 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 6 11 Pleij Pleij NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 6 12 et et NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 6 13 al al NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 6 14 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 2 1985 1985 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 4 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 5 several several JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 6 pieces piece NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 7 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 8 experimental experimental JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 9 data datum NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 10 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 11 consistent consistent JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 12 with with IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 13 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 14 presence presence NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 15 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 16 some some DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 17 messenger messenger NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 18 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 19 ribosomal ribosomal NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 20 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 21 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 22 viral viral JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 23 RNAs rna NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 25 see see VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 26 also also RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 27 Rietveld Rietveld NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 28 et et FW cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 29 al al NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 30 . . NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 31 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 32 1983 1983 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 7 34 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 1 The the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 2 present present JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 3 programs program NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 4 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 5 energy energy NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 6 minimization minimization NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 7 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 8 predicted predict VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 9 secondary secondary JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 10 structures structure NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 11 exclude exclude VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 12 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 13 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 14 motif motif NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 16 Zucker Zucker NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 17 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 18 1989 1989 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 20 but but CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 21 once once IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 22 it -PRON- PRP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 23 was be VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 24 recognized recognize VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 25 as as IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 26 at at IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 27 least least JJS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 28 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 29 formal formal JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 30 possibility possibility NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 31 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 32 examples example NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 33 began begin VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 34 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 35 appear appear VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 8 36 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 1 Most most RBS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 2 recently recently RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 3 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 4 two two CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 5 papers paper NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 6 describe describe VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 7 experiments experiment NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 8 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 9 not not RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 10 only only RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 11 support support VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 12 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 13 presence presence NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 14 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 15 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 16 structures structure NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 17 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 18 different different JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 19 mRNAs mrna NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 20 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 21 but but CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 22 also also RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 23 give give VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 24 evidence evidence NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 25 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 26 these these DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 27 structures structure NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 28 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 29 specifically specifically RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 30 recognized recognize VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 31 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 32 components component NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 33 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 34 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 35 translation translation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 36 apparatus apparatus NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 38 Tang Tang NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 39 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 40 Draper Draper NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 41 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 42 1989 1989 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 43 ; ; : cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 44 Brierley Brierley NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 45 et et NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 46 al al NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 47 . . NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 48 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 49 1989 1989 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 9 51 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 1 A a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 2 third third JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 3 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 4 earlier early JJR cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 5 study study NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 6 proposed propose VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 7 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 8 an an DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 10 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 11 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 12 recognized recognize VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 13 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 14 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 15 DNA dna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 16 binding binding NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 17 protein protein NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 18 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 19 autogenously autogenously NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 20 regulates regulate VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 21 translation translation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 22 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 23 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 24 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 26 McPheeters McPheeters NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 27 et et NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 28 al al NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 29 . . NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 30 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 31 1988 1988 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 10 33 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 1 The the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 2 elucidation elucidation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 3 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 4 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 5 three three CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 6 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 7 dimensional dimensional JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 8 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 9 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 10 tRNA trna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 11 was be VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 12 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 13 benchmark benchmark NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 14 because because IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 15 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 16 among among IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 17 other other JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 18 contributions contribution NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 19 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 21 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 22 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 23 complexity complexity NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 24 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 25 molecular molecular JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 26 form form NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 27 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 28 shape shape NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 29 possible possible JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 30 with with IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 31 RNA RNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 32 molecules molecule NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 11 33 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 12 1 As as IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 12 2 anticipated anticipate VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 12 3 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 12 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 12 5 confirmed confirm VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 12 6 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 12 7 pattern pattern NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 12 8 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 12 9 hydrogen hydrogen NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 12 10 bonds bond NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 12 11 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 12 12 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 12 13 cloverleaf cloverleaf JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 12 14 secondary secondary JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 12 15 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 12 16 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 12 17 was be VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 12 18 predicted predict VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 12 19 from from IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 12 20 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 12 21 sequence sequence NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 12 22 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 13 1 Unexpectedly unexpectedly RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 13 2 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 13 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 13 4 also also RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 13 5 revealed reveal VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 13 6 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 13 7 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 13 8 singlestranded singlestranded JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 13 9 loops loop NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 13 10 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 13 11 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 13 12 proposed propose VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 13 13 cloverleaf cloverleaf NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 13 14 secondary secondary JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 13 15 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 13 16 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 13 17 not not RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 13 18 passive passive JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 13 19 elements element NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 13 20 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 14 1 Instead instead RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 14 2 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 14 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 14 4 bear bear VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 14 5 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 14 6 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 14 7 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 14 8 sites site NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 14 9 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 14 10 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 14 11 sophisticated sophisticated JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 14 12 interactions interaction NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 14 13 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 14 14 stabilize stabilize VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 14 15 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 14 16 highly highly RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 14 17 differentiated differentiated JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 14 18 tertiary tertiary JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 14 19 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 14 20 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 15 1 These these DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 15 2 interactions interaction NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 15 3 include include VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 15 4 hydrogen hydrogen NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 15 5 bonds bond NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 15 6 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 15 7 connect connect VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 15 8 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 15 9 dihydrouridine dihydrouridine JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 15 10 loop loop NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 15 11 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 15 12 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 15 13 T$ T$ NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 15 14 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 15 15 variable variable JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 15 16 loops loop NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 15 17 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 1 The the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 2 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 3 also also RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 4 revealed reveal VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 5 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 6 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 7 four four CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 8 helical helical JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 9 stems stem NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 10 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 11 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 12 cloverleaf cloverleaf NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 13 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 14 stacked stack VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 15 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 16 pairs pair NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 17 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 18 form form VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 19 two two CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 20 longer long JJR cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 21 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 22 continuous continuous JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 23 helices helix NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 24 which which WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 25 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 26 arranged arrange VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 27 at at IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 28 approximately approximately RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 29 right right JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 30 angles angle NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 31 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 32 form form VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 33 an an DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 34 L l NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 35 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 36 shaped shape VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 37 molecule molecule NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 16 38 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 1 Pseudoknots pseudoknot NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 2 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 3 formed form VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 4 from from IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 5 stem stem NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 6 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 7 loop loop NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 8 structures structure NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 9 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 10 which which WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 11 bases basis NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 12 outside outside RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 13 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 14 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 15 stem stem NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 16 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 17 loop loop NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 18 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 19 paired pair VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 20 with with IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 21 those those DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 22 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 23 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 24 loop loop NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 25 so so IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 26 as as IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 27 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 28 create create VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 29 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 30 second second JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 31 stem stem NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 33 Figure figure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 34 1A 1a NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 17 36 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 18 1 The the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 18 2 second second JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 18 3 stem stem NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 18 4 can can MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 18 5 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 18 6 stacked stack VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 18 7 upon upon IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 18 8 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 18 9 first first JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 18 10 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 18 11 form form VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 18 12 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 18 13 continuous continuous JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 18 14 coaxial coaxial JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 18 15 helix helix NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 18 16 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 1 Thus thus RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 2 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 3 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 4 hydrogen hydrogen NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 5 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 6 bonded bond VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 7 articulation articulation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 8 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 9 bases basis NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 10 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 11 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 12 loop loop NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 13 with with IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 14 bases basis NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 15 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 16 another another DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 17 part part NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 18 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 19 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 20 RNA RNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 21 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 22 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 23 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 24 coaxial coaxial JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 25 stacking stacking NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 26 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 27 short short JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 28 helical helical JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 29 stems stem NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 30 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 31 form form VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 32 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 33 single single JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 34 longer long JJR cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 35 helix helix NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 36 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 37 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 38 general general JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 39 themes theme NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 40 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 41 tRNAs trna NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 42 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 43 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 44 reiterated reiterate VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 45 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 46 pseudoknots pseudoknot NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 19 47 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 20 1 However however RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 20 2 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 20 3 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 20 4 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 20 5 has have VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 20 6 an an DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 20 7 added add VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 20 8 complexity complexity NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 20 9 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 20 10 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 20 11 not not RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 20 12 observed observe VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 20 13 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 20 14 tRNAs trna NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 21 1 : : : cord-334123-wb45ww7f 21 2 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 21 3 coaxial coaxial JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 21 4 stacking stacking NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 21 5 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 21 6 helices helix NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 21 7 requires require VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 21 8 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 21 9 singlestranded singlestrande VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 21 10 connecting connect VBG cord-334123-wb45ww7f 21 11 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 21 12 cross cross VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 21 13 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 21 14 grooves groove NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 21 15 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 21 16 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 21 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 21 18 double double JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 21 19 helix helix NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 21 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 21 21 Figure figure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 21 22 1B 1b CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 21 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 21 24 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 22 1 From from IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 22 2 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 22 3 three three CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 22 4 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 22 5 dimensional dimensional JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 22 6 model model NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 22 7 it -PRON- PRP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 22 8 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 22 9 clear clear JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 22 10 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 22 11 one one CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 22 12 crossing crossing NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 22 13 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 22 14 over over IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 22 15 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 22 16 deep deep JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 22 17 groove groove NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 22 18 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 22 19 can can MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 22 20 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 22 21 accomplished accomplish VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 22 22 with with IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 22 23 two two CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 22 24 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 22 25 units unit NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 22 26 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 1 The the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 2 other other JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 3 crossing crossing NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 4 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 5 over over IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 6 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 7 shallow shallow JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 8 groove groove NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 9 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 10 requires require VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 12 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 13 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 14 bridge bridge NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 15 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 16 two two CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 17 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 19 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 20 perturbation perturbation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 21 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 22 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 23 normal normal JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 24 helical helical NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 25 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 26 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 27 additionally additionally RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 28 or or CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 29 alternatively alternatively RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 30 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 31 bridging bridge VBG cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 32 mononucleotide mononucleotide NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 33 conformational conformational JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 34 parameters parameter NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 23 35 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 1 Tinoco Tinoco NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 2 's 's POS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 3 laboratory laboratory NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 4 has have VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 5 done do VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 6 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 7 careful careful JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 8 analytical analytical JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 9 study study NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 10 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 11 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 12 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 13 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 14 thermodynamic thermodynamic JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 15 properties property NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 16 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 17 solution solution NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 18 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 19 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 20 nonadecanucleotide nonadecanucleotide NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 21 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 22 has have VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 23 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 24 potential potential NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 25 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 26 form form VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 27 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 28 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 29 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 30 which which WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 31 stems stem VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 32 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 33 3 3 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 34 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 35 4 4 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 36 bp bp NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 37 combine combine VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 38 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 39 make make VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 40 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 41 7 7 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 42 bp bp NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 24 43 helix helix NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 25 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 25 2 Puglisi Puglisi NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 25 3 et et NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 25 4 al al NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 25 5 . . NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 25 6 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 25 7 1988 1988 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 25 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 25 9 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 26 1 In in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 26 2 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 26 3 proposed propose VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 26 4 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 26 5 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 26 6 three three CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 26 7 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 26 8 bridge bridge VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 26 9 across across IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 26 10 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 26 11 major major JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 26 12 groove groove NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 26 13 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 26 14 two two CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 26 15 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 26 16 used use VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 26 17 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 26 18 cross cross VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 26 19 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 26 20 minor minor JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 26 21 groove groove NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 26 22 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 27 1 Strong strong JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 27 2 evidence evidence NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 27 3 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 27 4 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 27 5 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 27 6 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 27 7 was be VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 27 8 obtained obtain VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 27 9 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 1 The the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 2 thermodynamic thermodynamic JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 3 stabilities stability NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 4 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 5 hypochromicities hypochromicitie NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 6 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 7 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 8 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 9 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 10 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 11 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 12 sequence sequence NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 13 variant variant NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 14 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 15 could could MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 16 not not RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 17 form form VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 18 one one CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 19 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 20 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 21 stems stem NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 22 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 23 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 24 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 25 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 26 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 27 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 28 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 29 individual individual NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 30 stems stem NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 31 were be VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 32 investigated investigate VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 28 33 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 1 These these DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 2 data datum NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 3 showed show VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 4 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 5 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 6 stacking stacking NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 7 enthalpy enthalpy NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 8 was be VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 9 higher high JJR cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 10 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 11 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 12 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 13 than than IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 14 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 15 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 16 molecules molecule NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 17 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 18 contained contain VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 19 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 20 individual individual NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 21 stems stem VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 22 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 23 although although IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 24 not not RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 25 as as RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 26 high high JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 27 as as IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 28 expected expect VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 29 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 30 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 31 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 32 with with IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 33 seven seven CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 34 contiguous contiguous JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 35 base base NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 36 pairs pair NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 29 37 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 1 This this DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 2 observation observation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 3 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 4 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 5 reduced reduce VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 6 hypochromicity hypochromicity NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 7 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 8 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 9 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 10 suggest suggest VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 11 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 12 distortion distortion NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 13 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 14 stem stem NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 15 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 16 loop loop NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 17 portions portion NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 18 which which WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 19 could could MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 20 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 21 caused cause VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 22 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 23 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 24 presumed presume VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 25 two two CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 26 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 27 base base NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 28 crossing crossing NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 29 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 30 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 31 minor minor JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 32 groove groove NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 30 33 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 31 1 As as IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 31 2 presented present VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 31 3 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 31 4 Pleij Pleij NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 31 5 et et NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 31 6 al al NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 31 7 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 32 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 32 2 1985 1985 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 32 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 33 1 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 33 2 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 33 3 proposal proposal NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 33 4 developed develop VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 33 5 from from IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 33 6 structural structural JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 33 7 mapping mapping NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 33 8 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 33 9 modeling modeling NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 33 10 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 33 11 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 33 12 3 3 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 33 13 ' ' NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 33 14 end end NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 33 15 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 33 16 plant plant NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 33 17 viral viral JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 33 18 RNAs rna NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 33 19 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 33 20 have have VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 33 21 tRNA trna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 33 22 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 33 23 like like JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 33 24 properties property NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 33 25 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 1 Thus thus RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 2 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 3 tobacco tobacco NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 4 mosaic mosaic NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 5 virus virus NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 7 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 8 turnip turnip NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 9 yellow yellow JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 10 mosaic mosaic NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 11 virus virus NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 13 TYMV TYMV NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 15 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 16 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 17 brome brome NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 18 mosaic mosaic NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 19 virus virus NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 20 RNAs rna NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 21 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 22 aminoacylated aminoacylate VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 23 specifically specifically RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 24 with with IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 25 histidine histidine NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 26 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 27 valine valine NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 28 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 29 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 30 tyrosine tyrosine NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 31 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 32 respectively respectively RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 33 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 34 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 35 each each DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 36 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 37 recognized recognize VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 38 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 39 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 40 tRNA tRNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 41 nucleotidyl nucleotidyl NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 42 transferase transferase NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 43 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 44 which which WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 45 adds add VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 46 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 47 CCA CCA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 48 sequence sequence NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 49 at at IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 50 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 51 3'terminus 3'terminus CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 52 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 53 all all DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 54 tRNA tRNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 55 molecules molecule NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 57 reviewed review VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 58 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 59 Haenni Haenni NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 60 et et NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 61 al al NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 62 . . NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 63 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 64 1982 1982 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 65 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 34 66 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 1 Figure figure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 2 2A 2a CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 3 shows show VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 4 how how WRB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 5 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 6 four four CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 7 stems stem NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 8 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 9 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 10 tRNA tRNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 11 cloverleaf cloverleaf NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 12 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 13 combined combine VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 14 into into IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 15 two two CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 16 continuous continuous JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 17 helices helix NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 18 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 19 constitute constitute VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 20 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 21 two two CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 22 arms arm NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 23 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 24 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 25 L l NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 26 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 27 shaped shape VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 28 three three CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 29 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 30 dimensional dimensional JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 31 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 35 32 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 36 1 The the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 36 2 acceptor acceptor NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 36 3 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 36 4 T6 T6 NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 36 5 stems stem VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 36 6 form form VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 36 7 one one CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 36 8 continuous continuous JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 36 9 minihelix minihelix NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 36 10 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 36 11 12 12 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 36 12 bp bp NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 36 13 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 37 1 Seven seven CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 37 2 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 37 3 these these DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 37 4 pairs pair NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 37 5 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 37 6 derived derive VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 37 7 from from IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 37 8 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 37 9 acceptor acceptor NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 37 10 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 37 11 five five CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 37 12 from from IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 37 13 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 37 14 TI$ TI$ NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 37 15 helix helix NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 37 16 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 38 1 The the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 38 2 problem problem NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 38 3 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 38 4 how how WRB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 38 5 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 38 6 form form VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 38 7 an an DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 38 8 equivalent equivalent JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 38 9 minihelix minihelix NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 38 10 from from IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 38 11 sequences sequence NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 38 12 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 38 13 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 38 14 example example NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 38 15 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 38 16 at at IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 38 17 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 38 18 3'terminus 3'terminus CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 38 19 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 38 20 TYMV TYMV NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 38 21 RNA RNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 38 22 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 39 1 A a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 39 2 conventional conventional JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 39 3 secondary secondary JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 39 4 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 39 5 analysis analysis NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 39 6 suggested suggest VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 39 7 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 39 8 this this DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 39 9 segment segment NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 39 10 encodes encode VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 39 11 two two CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 39 12 stem stem NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 39 13 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 39 14 loop loop NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 39 15 segments segment NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 39 16 with with IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 39 17 5 5 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 39 18 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 39 19 4 4 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 39 20 bp bp NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 39 21 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 39 22 respectively respectively RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 39 23 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 1 However however RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 2 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 3 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 4 implementation implementation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 5 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 6 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 7 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 8 format format NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 9 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 10 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 11 desired desire VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 12 12 12 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 13 bp bp NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 14 minihelix minihelix NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 15 can can MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 16 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 17 constructed construct VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 19 Figure Figure NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 20 28 28 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 22 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 23 combined combine VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 24 with with IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 25 adjoining adjoin VBG cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 26 sequences sequence NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 27 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 28 form form VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 29 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 30 tRNA trna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 31 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 32 like like JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 33 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 35 not not RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 36 shown show VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 40 38 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 41 1 Whether whether IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 41 2 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 41 3 minihelix minihelix NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 41 4 format format NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 41 5 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 41 6 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 41 7 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 41 8 aminoacylation aminoacylation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 41 9 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 41 10 TYMV TYMV NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 41 11 or or CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 41 12 other other JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 41 13 viral viral JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 41 14 RNAs rna NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 41 15 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 41 16 not not RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 41 17 known know VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 41 18 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 2 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 3 worth worth JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 4 noting note VBG cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 5 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 6 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 7 at at IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 8 least least JJS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 9 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 10 alanine alanine NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 11 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 12 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 13 acceptor acceptor NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 14 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 15 T$ T$ NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 16 minihelix minihelix NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 17 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 18 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 19 7 7 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 20 bp bp NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 21 acceptor acceptor NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 22 stem stem NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 23 can can MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 24 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 25 charged charge VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 26 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 27 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 28 cognate cognate JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 29 aminoacyl aminoacyl NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 30 tRNA tRNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 31 synthetase synthetase NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 42 32 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 1 This this DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 2 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 3 because because IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 4 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 5 major major JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 6 determinant determinant NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 7 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 8 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 9 identity identity NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 10 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 11 an an DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 12 alanine alanine NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 13 tRNA trna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 14 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 15 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 16 single single JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 17 base base NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 18 pair pair NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 19 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 20 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 21 located locate VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 22 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 23 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 24 acceptor acceptor NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 25 helix helix NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 26 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 27 so so IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 28 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 29 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 30 rest rest NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 31 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 32 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 33 tRNA tRNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 34 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 35 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 36 dispensable dispensable JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 37 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 38 aminoacylation aminoacylation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 40 Hou Hou NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 41 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 42 Schimmel Schimmel NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 43 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 44 1988 1988 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 45 ; ; : cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 46 Francklyn Francklyn NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 47 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 48 Schimmel Schimmel NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 49 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 50 1989 1989 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 43 52 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 1 The the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 2 results result NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 3 with with IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 4 alanine alanine NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 5 tRNA tRNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 6 raise raise VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 7 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 8 possibility possibility NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 9 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 10 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 11 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 12 at at IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 13 least least JJS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 14 some some DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 15 viral viral JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 16 RNAs rna NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 17 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 18 synthetase synthetase NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 19 recognition recognition NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 20 requires require VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 21 only only RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 22 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 23 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 24 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 25 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 26 bears bear VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 27 resemblance resemblance NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 28 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 29 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 30 3 3 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 31 ' ' `` cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 32 helical helical JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 33 half half NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 35 or or CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 36 less less JJR cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 38 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 39 not not RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 40 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 41 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 42 entire entire JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 43 tRNA trna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 44 44 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 1 The the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 2 tRNA trna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 3 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 4 like like JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 5 structures structure NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 6 at at IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 7 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 8 3 3 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 9 ' ' '' cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 10 ends end NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 11 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 12 plant plant NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 13 viral viral JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 14 RNAs rna NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 15 provide provide VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 16 one one CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 17 example example NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 18 where where WRB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 19 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 20 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 21 format format NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 22 may may MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 23 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 24 necessary necessary JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 25 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 26 form form VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 27 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 28 substrate substrate NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 29 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 30 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 31 specifically specifically RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 32 recognized recognize VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 33 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 34 an an DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 35 enzyme enzyme NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 45 36 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 1 Dreher Dreher NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 2 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 3 Hall Hall NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 5 1988 1988 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 7 have have VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 8 shown show VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 9 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 10 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 11 three three CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 12 base base NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 13 substitution substitution NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 14 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 15 disrupts disrupt VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 16 part part NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 17 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 18 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 19 proposed propose VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 20 acceptor acceptor NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 21 stem stem NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 22 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 23 brome brome NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 24 mosaic mosaic NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 25 virus virus NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 26 RNA RNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 27 simultaneously simultaneously RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 28 impairs impair VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 29 aminoacylation aminoacylation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 30 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 31 nucleotidyl nucleotidyl NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 32 transferase transferase NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 33 activities activity NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 46 34 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 1 To to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 2 prove prove VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 3 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 4 dependence dependence NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 5 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 6 synthetase synthetase NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 7 recognition recognition NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 8 on on IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 9 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 10 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 11 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 12 would would MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 13 require require VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 14 evaluation evaluation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 15 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 16 an an DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 17 ensemble ensemble NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 18 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 19 mutant mutant JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 20 RNAs rna NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 22 cf cf XX cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 23 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 24 Hou Hou NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 25 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 26 Schimmel Schimmel NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 27 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 28 1988 1988 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 47 30 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 1 These these DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 2 mutants mutant NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 3 should should MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 4 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 5 designed design VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 6 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 7 determine determine VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 8 whether whether IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 9 only only RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 10 those those DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 11 which which WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 12 have have VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 13 compensa- compensa- VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 15 A a NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 17 Illustration illustration NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 18 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 19 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 20 way way NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 21 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 22 which which WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 23 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 24 four four CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 25 stems stem NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 26 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 27 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 28 cloverleaf cloverleaf JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 29 secondary secondary JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 30 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 31 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 32 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 33 tRNA trna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 34 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 35 combined combine VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 36 into into IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 37 two two CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 38 minihelices minihelice NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 48 39 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 1 In in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 2 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 3 case case NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 4 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 5 E. E. NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 6 coli coli NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 7 alanine alanine NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 8 tRNA tRNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 9 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 10 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 11 12 12 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 12 bp bp NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 13 acceptor acceptor NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 14 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 15 T@ t@ JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 16 minihelix minihelix NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 17 can can MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 18 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 19 efficiently efficiently RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 20 aminoacylated aminoacylate VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 21 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 22 provided provide VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 23 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 24 minihelix minihelix NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 25 encodes encode VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 26 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 27 critical critical JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 28 G3 G3 NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 29 : : : cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 30 U70 U70 NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 31 base base NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 32 pair pair NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 34 Francklyn Francklyn NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 35 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 36 Schimmel Schimmel NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 37 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 38 1999 1999 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 49 40 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 50 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 50 2 B b NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 50 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 50 4 Generation generation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 50 5 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 50 6 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 50 7 12 12 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 50 8 bp bp NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 50 9 minihelix minihelix NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 50 10 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 50 11 formation formation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 50 12 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 50 13 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 50 14 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 50 15 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 1 This this DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 2 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 3 at at IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 4 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 5 3 3 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 6 ' ' NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 7 end end NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 8 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 9 TYMV TYMV NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 11 can can MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 12 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 13 combined combine VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 14 with with IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 15 adjacent adjacent JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 16 sequences sequence NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 17 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 18 form form VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 19 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 20 complete complete JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 21 tRNA trna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 22 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 23 like like JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 24 molecule molecule NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 26 see see VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 27 Pleij Pleij NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 28 et et NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 29 al al NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 30 . . NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 31 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 32 1995 1995 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 51 34 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 52 1 tory tory NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 52 2 base base NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 52 3 changes change NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 52 4 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 52 5 preserve preserve VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 52 6 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 52 7 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 52 8 can can MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 52 9 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 52 10 aminoacylated aminoacylate VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 52 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 52 12 cf cf NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 52 13 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 52 14 Dreher Dreher NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 52 15 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 52 16 Hall Hall NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 52 17 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 52 18 1988 1988 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 52 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 52 20 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 1 This this DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 2 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 3 analogous analogous JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 4 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 5 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 6 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 7 approach approach NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 8 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 9 which which WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 10 has have VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 11 been be VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 12 successfully successfully RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 13 used use VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 14 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 15 test test VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 16 predictions prediction NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 17 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 18 secondary secondary JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 19 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 20 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 21 large large JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 23 molecules molecule NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 25 Noller Noller NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 26 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 27 1984 1984 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 28 ; ; : cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 29 James James NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 30 et et NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 31 al al NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 32 . . NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 33 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 34 1988 1988 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 53 36 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 1 In in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 2 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 3 case case NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 4 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 5 aminoacylation aminoacylation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 6 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 7 viral viral JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 8 RNAs rna NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 9 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 10 however however RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 11 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 13 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 14 not not RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 15 just just RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 16 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 17 question question NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 18 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 19 formation formation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 20 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 21 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 22 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 23 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 24 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 25 but but CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 26 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 27 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 28 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 29 dependent dependent JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 30 presentation presentation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 31 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 32 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 33 determinants determinant NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 34 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 35 protein protein NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 36 recognition recognition NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 54 37 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 55 1 Consequently consequently RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 55 2 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 55 3 both both DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 55 4 mutations mutation NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 55 5 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 55 6 disrupt disrupt VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 55 7 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 55 8 others other NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 55 9 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 55 10 preserve preserve VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 55 11 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 55 12 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 55 13 may may MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 55 14 inactivate inactivate VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 55 15 aminoacylation aminoacylation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 55 16 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 55 17 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 55 18 therefore therefore RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 55 19 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 55 20 must must MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 55 21 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 55 22 classified classify VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 55 23 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 55 24 studied study VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 55 25 separately separately RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 55 26 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 1 Obviously obviously RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 2 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 3 this this DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 4 analysis analysis NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 5 would would MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 6 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 7 more more RBR cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 8 effective effective JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 9 if if IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 10 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 11 sites site NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 12 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 13 synthetase synthetase NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 14 recognition recognition NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 15 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 16 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 17 associated associate VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 18 tRNA tRNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 19 were be VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 20 already already RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 21 known know VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 22 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 23 but but CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 24 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 25 date date NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 26 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 27 examples example NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 28 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 29 which which WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 30 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 31 sites site NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 32 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 33 tRNA trna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 34 identity identity NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 35 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 36 well well RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 37 defined define VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 38 have have VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 39 no no DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 40 viral viral JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 41 RNA RNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 42 counterpart counterpart NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 56 43 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 57 1 The the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 57 2 first first JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 57 3 evidence evidence NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 57 4 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 57 5 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 57 6 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 57 7 motif motif NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 57 8 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 57 9 protein protein NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 57 10 binding bind VBG cord-334123-wb45ww7f 57 11 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 57 12 an an DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 57 13 mRNA mrna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 57 14 came come VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 57 15 from from IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 57 16 experiments experiment NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 57 17 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 57 18 McPheeters McPheeters NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 57 19 et et NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 57 20 al al NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 57 21 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 58 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 58 2 1988 1988 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 58 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 58 4 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 58 5 who who WP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 58 6 dissected dissect VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 58 7 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 58 8 translational translational JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 58 9 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 58 10 site site NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 58 11 on on IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 58 12 bacteriophage bacteriophage NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 58 13 T4 T4 NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 58 14 gene gene NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 58 15 32 32 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 58 16 mRNA mrna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 58 17 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 1 Gene gene NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 2 32 32 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 3 protein protein NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 4 binds bind VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 5 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 6 single single RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 7 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 8 stranded strand VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 9 DNA dna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 10 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 11 has have VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 12 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 13 functional functional JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 14 role role NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 15 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 16 T4 T4 NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 17 DNA DNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 18 transactions transaction NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 19 ; ; : cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 20 excess excess JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 21 amounts amount NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 22 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 23 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 24 protein protein NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 25 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 26 free free JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 27 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 28 bind bind VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 29 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 30 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 31 operator operator NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 32 region region NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 33 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 34 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 35 mRNA mrna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 36 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 37 thereby thereby RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 38 block block VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 39 initiation initiation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 40 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 41 translation translation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 43 Gold gold NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 44 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 45 1988 1988 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 59 47 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 1 By by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 2 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 3 combination combination NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 4 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 5 methods method NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 6 which which WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 7 were be VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 8 applied apply VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 9 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 10 free free JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 11 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 12 complexed complexed JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 14 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 15 nucleation nucleation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 16 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 17 binding binding NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 18 was be VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 19 suggested suggest VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 20 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 21 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 22 promoted promote VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 23 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 24 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 25 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 26 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 27 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 28 approximately approximately RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 29 40 40 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 30 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 31 upstream upstream RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 32 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 33 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 34 initiation initiation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 35 codon codon NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 60 36 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 61 1 A a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 61 2 comparison comparison NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 61 3 with with IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 61 4 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 61 5 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 61 6 sequences sequence NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 61 7 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 61 8 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 61 9 related related JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 61 10 T2 T2 NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 61 11 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 61 12 T8 T8 NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 61 13 phages phage NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 61 14 provided provide VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 61 15 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 61 16 evidence evidence NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 61 17 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 61 18 conservation conservation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 61 19 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 61 20 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 61 21 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 61 22 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 62 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 62 2 McPheeters McPheeters NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 62 3 et et NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 62 4 al al NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 62 5 . . NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 62 6 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 62 7 1988 1988 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 62 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 62 9 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 1 To to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 2 understand understand VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 3 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 4 exact exact JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 5 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 6 required require VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 7 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 8 presentation presentation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 9 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 10 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 11 gene gene NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 12 32 32 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 13 protein protein NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 14 binding binding NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 15 site site NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 16 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 17 direct direct JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 18 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 19 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 20 measurements measurement NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 21 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 22 protein protein NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 23 binding bind VBG cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 24 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 25 an an DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 26 RNA RNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 27 with with IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 28 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 29 presumed presume VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 30 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 31 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 32 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 33 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 34 mutants mutant NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 35 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 36 alter alter VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 37 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 38 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 39 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 40 will will MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 41 have have VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 42 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 43 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 44 carried carry VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 45 out out RP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 63 46 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 64 1 Two two CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 64 2 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 64 3 recent recent JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 64 4 studies study NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 64 5 have have VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 64 6 used use VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 64 7 mutational mutational JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 64 8 analysis analysis NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 64 9 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 64 10 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 64 11 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 64 12 role role NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 64 13 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 64 14 pseudoknots pseudoknot NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 64 15 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 64 16 entirely entirely RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 64 17 different different JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 64 18 systems system NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 64 19 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 65 1 One one CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 65 2 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 65 3 an an DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 65 4 investigation investigation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 65 5 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 65 6 protein protein NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 65 7 recognition recognition NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 65 8 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 65 9 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 65 10 proposed propose VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 65 11 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 65 12 motif motif NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 65 13 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 65 14 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 65 15 5 5 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 65 16 ' ' '' cord-334123-wb45ww7f 65 17 region region NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 65 18 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 65 19 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 65 20 E. E. NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 65 21 coli coli VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 65 22 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 65 23 operon operon NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 65 24 mRNA mrna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 66 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 66 2 Tang Tang NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 66 3 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 66 4 Draper Draper NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 66 5 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 66 6 1989 1989 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 66 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 66 8 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 67 1 This this DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 67 2 polycistronic polycistronic NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 67 3 mRNA mrna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 67 4 encodes encode VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 67 5 four four CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 67 6 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 67 7 proteins protein NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 67 8 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 67 9 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 67 10 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 67 11 subunit subunit NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 67 12 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 67 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 67 14 polymerase polymerase NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 67 15 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 68 1 Ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 68 2 protein protein NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 68 3 S4 s4 NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 68 4 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 68 5 one one CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 68 6 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 68 7 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 68 8 encoded encode VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 68 9 proteins protein NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 68 10 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 69 1 The the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 69 2 translation translation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 69 3 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 69 4 this this DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 69 5 mRNA mrna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 69 6 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 69 7 regulated regulate VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 69 8 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 69 9 S4 S4 NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 69 10 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 1 This this DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 2 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 3 other other JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 4 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 5 proteins protein NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 6 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 7 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 8 known know VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 9 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 10 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 11 translational translational JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 12 repressors repressor NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 13 bind bind VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 14 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 15 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 16 specific specific JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 17 mRNA mrna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 18 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 19 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 20 also also RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 21 have have VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 22 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 23 binding binding JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 24 site site NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 25 on on IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 26 16s 16 NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 27 or or CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 28 23s 23s NNPS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 29 ribosomal ribosomal NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 30 RNA RNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 32 Lindahl Lindahl NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 33 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 34 Zengel Zengel NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 35 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 36 1986 1986 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 37 ; ; : cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 38 Thomas Thomas NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 39 et et NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 40 al al NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 41 . . NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 42 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 43 1987 1987 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 70 45 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 1 Previous previous JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 2 structural structural JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 3 mapping mapping NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 4 experiments experiment NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 5 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 6 Draper Draper NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 7 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 8 co co NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 9 - - NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 10 workers worker NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 11 suggested suggest VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 12 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 13 model model NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 14 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 15 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 16 5 5 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 17 ' ' POS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 18 region region NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 19 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 20 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 21 mRNA mrna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 22 which which WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 23 constitutes constitute VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 24 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 25 S4 S4 NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 26 binding binding NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 27 site site NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 28 ; ; : cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 29 it -PRON- PRP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 30 envisions envision VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 31 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 32 hairpin hairpin JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 33 helix helix NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 34 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 35 loop loop NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 36 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 37 encompasses encompass VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 38 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 39 19 19 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 40 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 41 72 72 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 71 42 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 1 The the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 2 loop loop NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 3 sequence sequence NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 4 GGGC GGGC NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 5 at at IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 6 position position NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 7 49 49 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 8 - - SYM cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 9 52 52 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 10 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 11 proposed propose VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 12 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 13 pair pair VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 14 with with IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 15 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 16 downstream downstream JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 17 sequence sequence NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 18 GCCC GCCC NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 19 at at IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 20 position position NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 21 98 98 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 22 - - SYM cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 23 101 101 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 24 so so IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 25 as as IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 26 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 27 create create VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 28 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 29 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 72 30 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 1 The the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 2 structural structural JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 3 model model NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 4 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 5 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 6 relevance relevance NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 7 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 8 S4 s4 NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 9 binding binding NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 10 was be VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 11 tested test VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 12 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 13 construction construction NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 14 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 15 mutants mutant NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 16 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 17 alternately alternately RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 18 disrupt disrupt VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 19 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 20 restore restore VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 22 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 23 compensatory compensatory JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 24 changes change NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 26 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 27 presumed presume VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 28 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 73 29 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 74 1 The the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 74 2 mutant mutant JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 74 3 RNAs rna NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 74 4 were be VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 74 5 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 74 6 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 74 7 enzymatic enzymatic JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 74 8 methods method NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 74 9 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 74 10 assayed assay VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 74 11 directly directly RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 74 12 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 74 13 S4 s4 NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 74 14 binding binding NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 74 15 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 74 16 vitro vitro FW cord-334123-wb45ww7f 74 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 75 1 Tang Tang NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 75 2 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 75 3 Draper Draper NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 75 4 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 75 5 1989 1989 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 75 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 75 7 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 76 1 Nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 76 2 substitutions substitution NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 76 3 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 76 4 disrupt disrupt VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 76 5 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 76 6 proposed propose VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 76 7 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 76 8 also also RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 76 9 weaken weaken VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 76 10 S4 S4 NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 76 11 binding binding NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 76 12 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 77 1 Several several JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 77 2 compensatory compensatory JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 77 3 mutations mutation NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 77 4 which which WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 77 5 restore restore VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 77 6 base base NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 77 7 pairing pairing NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 77 8 also also RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 77 9 restore restore VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 77 10 binding bind VBG cord-334123-wb45ww7f 77 11 affinity affinity NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 77 12 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 78 1 For for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 78 2 example example NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 78 3 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 78 4 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 78 5 G49G5,-,+CC g49g5,-,+cc CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 78 6 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 78 7 ClooClol ClooClol NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 78 8 ~ ~ NFP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 78 9 G g NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 78 10 mutants mutant NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 78 11 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 78 12 each each DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 78 13 recognized recognize VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 78 14 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 78 15 S4 S4 NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 78 16 with with IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 78 17 an an DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 78 18 6-to 6-to CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 78 19 lo lo NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 78 20 - - : cord-334123-wb45ww7f 78 21 fold fold VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 78 22 lower low JJR cord-334123-wb45ww7f 78 23 affinity affinity NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 78 24 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 79 1 However however RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 79 2 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 79 3 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 79 4 double double JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 79 5 mutant mutant NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 79 6 which which WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 79 7 combines combine VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 79 8 both both DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 79 9 changes change NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 79 10 restores restore VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 79 11 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 79 12 putative putative JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 79 13 pairing pairing NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 79 14 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 79 15 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 79 16 binding bind VBG cord-334123-wb45ww7f 79 17 affinity affinity NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 79 18 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 80 1 These these DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 80 2 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 80 3 similar similar JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 80 4 data datum NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 80 5 with with IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 80 6 over over IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 80 7 30 30 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 80 8 mutant mutant JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 80 9 RNAs rna NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 80 10 led lead VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 80 11 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 80 12 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 80 13 revised revise VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 80 14 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 80 15 more more RBR cord-334123-wb45ww7f 80 16 complex complex JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 80 17 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 80 18 which which WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 80 19 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 80 20 visualized visualize VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 80 21 as as IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 80 22 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 80 23 double double JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 80 24 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 80 25 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 81 1 To to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 81 2 my -PRON- PRP$ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 81 3 knowledge knowledge NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 81 4 this this DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 81 5 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 81 6 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 81 7 first first JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 81 8 example example NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 81 9 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 81 10 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 81 11 use use NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 81 12 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 81 13 direct direct JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 81 14 protein protein NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 81 15 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 81 16 RNA rna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 81 17 binding binding NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 81 18 measurements measurement NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 81 19 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 81 20 define define VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 81 21 an an DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 81 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 81 23 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 81 24 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 82 1 The the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 82 2 changes change NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 82 3 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 82 4 affinity affinity NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 82 5 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 82 6 accompany accompany VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 82 7 disruption disruption NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 82 8 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 82 9 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 82 10 proposed propose VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 82 11 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 82 12 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 82 13 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 82 14 all all DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 82 15 cases case NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 82 16 relatively relatively RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 82 17 small small JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 82 18 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 82 19 terms term NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 82 20 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 82 21 binding bind VBG cord-334123-wb45ww7f 82 22 energy energy NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 82 23 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 1 For for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 2 example example NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 3 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 4 many many JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 5 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 6 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 7 changes change NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 8 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 9 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 10 S4 S4 NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 11 association association NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 12 constant constant NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 13 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 14 less less JJR cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 15 than than IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 16 lo lo NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 17 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 18 fold fold VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 19 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 20 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 21 change change NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 22 which which WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 23 itself -PRON- PRP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 24 corresponds correspond VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 25 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 26 only only RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 27 1.4 1.4 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 28 kcal kcal NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 29 per per IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 30 mole mole NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 83 31 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 84 1 A a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 84 2 change change NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 84 3 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 84 4 this this DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 84 5 magnitude magnitude NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 84 6 could could MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 84 7 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 84 8 due due JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 84 9 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 84 10 perturbation perturbation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 84 11 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 84 12 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 84 13 van van NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 84 14 der der NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 84 15 Waals Waals NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 84 16 interaction interaction NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 84 17 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 1 There there EX cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 2 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 3 no no DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 4 mutations mutation NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 5 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 6 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 7 proposed propose VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 8 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 9 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 10 totally totally RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 11 eliminate eliminate VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 12 binding binding NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 13 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 14 would would MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 15 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 16 therefore therefore RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 17 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 18 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 19 analogous analogous JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 20 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 21 point point VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 22 mutations mutation NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 23 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 24 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 25 tRNA trna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 26 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 27 eliminate eliminate VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 28 aminoacylation aminoacylation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 29 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 30 vitro vitro FW cord-334123-wb45ww7f 85 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 86 1 Hou Hou NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 86 2 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 86 3 Schimmel Schimmel NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 86 4 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 86 5 1988 1988 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 86 6 ; ; : cord-334123-wb45ww7f 86 7 Schulman Schulman NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 86 8 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 86 9 Pelka Pelka NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 86 10 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 86 11 1988 1988 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 86 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 86 13 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 1 Possibly possibly RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 2 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 3 most most RBS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 4 critical critical JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 5 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 6 determinants determinant NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 7 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 8 S4 S4 NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 9 recognition recognition NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 10 within within IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 11 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 12 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 13 have have VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 14 not not RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 15 been be VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 16 identified identify VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 17 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 18 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 19 mutational mutational JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 20 analysis analysis NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 21 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 22 as as IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 23 they -PRON- PRP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 24 have have VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 25 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 26 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 27 synthetase synthetase NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 28 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 29 tRNA trna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 30 system system NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 87 31 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 1 Alternatively alternatively RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 2 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 3 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 4 interactions interaction NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 5 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 6 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 7 operon operon NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 8 mRNA mrna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 9 with with IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 10 S4 S4 NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 11 may may MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 12 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 13 distributed distribute VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 14 over over IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 15 many many JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 16 sites site NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 17 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 18 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 19 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 20 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 21 so so IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 22 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 23 any any DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 24 given give VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 25 alteration alteration NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 26 produces produce VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 27 only only RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 28 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 29 small small JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 30 change change NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 31 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 32 affinity affinity NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 88 33 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 2 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 3 noteworthy noteworthy JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 4 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 5 one one CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 6 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 7 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 8 mutations mutation NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 9 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 10 disrupts disrupt VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 11 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 12 base base NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 13 pair pair NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 14 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 15 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 16 proposed propose VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 17 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 18 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 19 can can MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 20 not not RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 21 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 22 rescued rescue VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 23 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 24 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 25 second second JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 26 site site NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 27 mutation mutation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 28 which which WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 29 restores restore VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 30 pairing pair VBG cord-334123-wb45ww7f 89 31 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 90 1 This this DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 90 2 could could MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 90 3 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 90 4 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 90 5 site site NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 90 6 where where WRB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 90 7 S4 S4 NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 90 8 interacts interact VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 90 9 directly directly RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 90 10 with with IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 90 11 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 90 12 specific specific JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 90 13 base base NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 90 14 pair pair NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 90 15 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 90 16 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 90 17 contributes contribute VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 90 18 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 90 19 small small JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 90 20 incremental incremental JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 90 21 stability stability NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 90 22 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 90 23 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 90 24 complex complex NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 90 25 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 1 Ongoing ongoing JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 2 experiments experiment NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 3 will will MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 4 assess assess VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 5 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 6 relationship relationship NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 7 between between IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 8 alterations alteration NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 9 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 10 disrupt disrupt VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 11 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 12 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 13 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 14 dependent dependent JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 15 protein protein NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 16 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 17 RNA rna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 18 interaction interaction NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 19 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 20 vitro vitro FW cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 21 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 22 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 23 extent extent NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 24 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 25 translational translational JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 26 repression repression NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 27 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 28 vivo vivo NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 91 29 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 1 Regardless regardless RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 2 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 3 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 4 detailed detailed JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 5 interpretation interpretation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 6 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 7 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 8 experiments experiment NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 9 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 10 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 11 analysis analysis NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 12 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 14 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 15 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 16 these these DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 17 methods method NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 18 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 19 instructive instructive JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 20 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 21 has have VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 22 provided provide VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 23 one one CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 24 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 25 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 26 first first JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 27 examples example NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 28 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 29 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 30 functional functional JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 31 probe probe NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 32 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 33 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 34 formation formation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 92 35 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 1 The the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 2 second second JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 3 study study NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 4 provides provide VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 5 evidence evidence NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 6 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 7 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 8 formation formation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 9 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 10 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 11 viral viral JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 12 mRNA mrna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 13 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 14 required require VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 15 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 16 frameshift frameshift NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 17 suppression suppression NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 18 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 19 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 20 termination termination NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 21 codon codon NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 22 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 23 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 24 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 25 turn turn NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 26 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 27 allows allow VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 28 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 29 fusion fusion NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 30 protein protein NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 31 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 32 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 33 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 34 from from IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 35 two two CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 36 overlapping overlap VBG cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 37 reading reading NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 38 frames frame NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 93 39 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 1 Earlier early JJR cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 2 work work NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 3 had have VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 4 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 5 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 6 role role NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 7 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 8 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 9 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 10 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 11 production production NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 12 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 13 some some DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 14 retroviral retroviral JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 15 gag gag NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 16 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 17 pol pol NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 18 or or CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 19 gag gag NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 20 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 21 pro pro JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 22 - - JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 23 pol pol JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 24 fusion fusion NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 25 proteins protein NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 27 Jacks Jacks NNPS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 28 et et NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 29 al al NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 30 . . NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 31 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 32 1988 1988 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 33 ; ; : cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 34 Wilson Wilson NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 35 et et NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 36 al al NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 37 . . NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 38 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 39 1988 1988 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 40 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 41 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 42 references reference NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 43 therein therein RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 94 45 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 95 1 Most most RBS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 95 2 commonly commonly RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 95 3 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 95 4 termination termination NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 95 5 occurs occur VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 95 6 at at IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 95 7 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 95 8 gag gag NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 95 9 stop stop NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 95 10 codon codon NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 95 11 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 95 12 yield yield VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 95 13 virus virus NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 95 14 core core NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 95 15 protein protein NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 95 16 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 1 Occasional occasional JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 2 " " `` cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 3 -1 -1 JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 4 " " '' cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 5 frameshifting frameshifting JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 6 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 7 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 8 cleavage cleavage NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 9 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 10 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 11 resulting result VBG cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 12 fusion fusion NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 13 protein protein NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 14 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 15 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 16 mechanism mechanism NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 17 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 18 production production NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 19 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 20 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 21 viral viral JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 22 reverse reverse NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 23 transcriptase transcriptase NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 25 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 26 pol pol NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 27 gene gene NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 28 product product NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 96 30 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 1 Frameshift frameshift NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 2 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 3 may may MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 4 also also RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 5 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 6 operative operative JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 7 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 8 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 9 production production NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 10 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 11 reverse reverse JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 12 transcriptases transcriptase NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 13 encoded encode VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 14 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 15 retrotransposons retrotransposon NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 16 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 17 yeast yeast NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 19 e.g. e.g. RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 20 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 21 Clare Clare NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 22 et et NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 23 al al NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 24 . . NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 25 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 26 1988 1988 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 28 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 29 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 31 e.g. e.g. RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 32 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 33 Marlor Marlor NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 34 et et NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 35 al al NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 36 . . NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 37 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 38 1986 1986 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 97 40 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 98 1 Varmus Varmus NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 98 2 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 98 3 co co NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 98 4 - - NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 98 5 workers worker NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 98 6 established establish VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 98 7 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 98 8 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 98 9 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 98 10 Rous rous JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 98 11 sarcoma sarcoma NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 98 12 virus virus NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 98 13 mRNA mrna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 98 14 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 98 15 only only RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 98 16 147 147 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 98 17 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 98 18 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 98 19 encode encode VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 98 20 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 98 21 site site NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 98 22 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 98 23 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-334123-wb45ww7f 98 24 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 98 25 necessary necessary JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 99 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 99 2 Jacks Jacks NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 99 3 et et NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 99 4 al al NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 99 5 . . NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 99 6 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 99 7 1988 1988 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 99 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 99 9 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 100 1 The the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 100 2 sequence sequence NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 100 3 at at IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 100 4 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 100 5 frameshift frameshift NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 100 6 site site NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 100 7 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 100 8 A a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 100 9 AAU AAU NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 100 10 UUA UUA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 100 11 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 100 12 where where WRB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 100 13 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 100 14 " " `` cord-334123-wb45ww7f 100 15 0 0 NFP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 100 16 " " '' cord-334123-wb45ww7f 100 17 reading reading NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 100 18 frame frame NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 100 19 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 100 20 indicated indicate VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 100 21 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 1 Operationally operationally RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 2 there there EX cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 3 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 4 simultaneous simultaneous JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 5 -1 -1 NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 6 slippage slippage NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 7 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 8 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 9 UUA UUA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 10 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 11 reading reading NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 12 tRNALeU tRNALeU NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 14 bound bind VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 15 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 16 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 17 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 18 A a NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 19 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 20 site site NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 22 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 23 an an DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 24 AA&reading aa&reade VBG cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 25 tRNAAsn tRNAAsn NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 27 bound bind VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 28 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 29 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 30 P p NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 31 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 32 site site NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 34 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 35 which which WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 36 results result VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 37 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 38 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 39 double double JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 40 frameshift frameshift NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 101 41 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 102 1 In in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 102 2 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 102 3 -1 -1 NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 102 4 position position NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 102 5 these these DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 102 6 tRNAs trna NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 102 7 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 102 8 proposed propose VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 102 9 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 102 10 read read VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 102 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 102 12 respective respective JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 102 13 codons codon NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 102 14 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 102 15 two two CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 102 16 instead instead RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 102 17 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 102 18 three three CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 102 19 bases basis NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 102 20 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 103 1 Slippage slippage NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 103 2 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 103 3 these these DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 103 4 tRNAs trna NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 103 5 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 103 6 dependent dependent JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 103 7 on on IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 103 8 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 103 9 formation formation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 103 10 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 103 11 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 103 12 hairpin hairpin JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 103 13 stem stem NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 103 14 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 103 15 loop loop NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 103 16 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 103 17 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 103 18 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 103 19 immediately immediately RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 103 20 downstream downstream JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 103 21 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 104 1 Thus thus RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 104 2 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 104 3 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 104 4 addition addition NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 104 5 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 104 6 other other JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 104 7 possible possible JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 104 8 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 104 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 104 10 see see VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 104 11 Wilson Wilson NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 104 12 et et NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 104 13 al al NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 104 14 . . NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 104 15 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 104 16 1988 1988 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 104 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 105 1 this this DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 105 2 work work NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 105 3 established establish VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 105 4 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 105 5 -1 -1 NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 105 6 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 105 7 can can MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 105 8 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 105 9 promoted promote VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 105 10 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 105 11 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 105 12 secondary secondary JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 105 13 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 105 14 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 106 1 The the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 106 2 work work NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 106 3 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 106 4 Brierley Brierley NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 106 5 et et NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 106 6 al al NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 106 7 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 107 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 107 2 1969 1969 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 107 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 107 4 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 107 5 based base VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 107 6 on on IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 107 7 studies study NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 107 8 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 107 9 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 107 10 nonretroviral nonretroviral JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 107 11 system system NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 107 12 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 107 13 avian avian JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 107 14 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 107 15 infectious infectious JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 107 16 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 107 17 virus virus NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 107 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 107 19 IBV IBV NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 107 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 107 21 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 108 1 Two two CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 108 2 long long RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 108 3 open open JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 108 4 reading reading NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 108 5 frames frame NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 108 6 overlap overlap VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 108 7 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 108 8 42 42 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 108 9 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 108 10 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 108 11 with with IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 108 12 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 108 13 second second JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 108 14 frame frame NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 108 15 shifted shift VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 108 16 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 108 17 -1 -1 NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 108 18 relative relative NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 108 19 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 108 20 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 108 21 first first JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 108 22 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 109 1 A a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 109 2 -1 -1 NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 110 1 frameshift frameshift NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 110 2 results result NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 110 3 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 110 4 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 110 5 production production NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 110 6 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 110 7 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 110 8 fusion fusion NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 110 9 protein protein NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 110 10 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 111 1 An an DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 111 2 86 86 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 111 3 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 111 4 element element NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 111 5 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 111 6 spans span VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 111 7 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 111 8 overlap overlap NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 111 9 region region NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 111 10 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 111 11 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 111 12 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 111 13 promote promote VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 111 14 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 111 15 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 111 16 even even RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 111 17 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 111 18 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 111 19 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 111 20 context context NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 111 21 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 1 This this DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 2 element element NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 3 encodes encode VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 4 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 5 stem stem NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 6 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 7 loop loop NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 8 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 9 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 10 starts start VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 11 six six CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 12 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 13 downstream downstream JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 14 from from IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 15 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 16 proposed propose VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 17 site site NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 18 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 19 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 20 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 21 near near IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 22 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 23 end end NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 24 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 25 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 26 first first JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 27 reading reading NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 28 frame frame NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 112 29 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 1 Located locate VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 2 30 30 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 3 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 4 further further RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 5 downstream downstream RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 6 from from IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 7 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 8 3 3 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 9 ' ' NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 10 end end NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 11 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 12 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 13 putative putative JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 14 stem stem NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 15 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 16 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 17 sequence sequence NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 18 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 19 seven seven CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 20 bases basis NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 21 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 22 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 23 complementary complementary JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 24 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 25 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 26 hairpin hairpin JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 27 loop loop NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 113 28 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 114 1 Thus thus RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 114 2 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 114 3 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 114 4 overlap overlap NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 114 5 region region NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 114 6 encodes encode VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 114 7 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 114 8 sequence sequence NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 114 9 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 114 10 could could MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 114 11 fold fold VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 114 12 into into IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 114 13 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 114 14 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 114 15 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 115 1 Support support NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 115 2 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 115 3 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 115 4 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 115 5 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 115 6 was be VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 115 7 sought seek VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 115 8 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 115 9 analysis analysis NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 115 10 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 115 11 mutants mutant NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 115 12 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 115 13 alternately alternately RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 115 14 disrupt disrupt VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 115 15 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 115 16 restore restore VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 115 17 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 115 18 proposed propose VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 115 19 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 115 20 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 116 1 Mutations mutation NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 116 2 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 116 3 disrupt disrupt VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 116 4 either either DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 116 5 stem stem NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 116 6 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 116 7 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 116 8 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 116 9 severely severely RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 116 10 reduce reduce VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 116 11 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 116 12 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 116 13 while while IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 116 14 compensatory compensatory JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 116 15 mutations mutation NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 116 16 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 116 17 restore restore VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 116 18 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 116 19 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 116 20 also also RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 116 21 restore restore VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 116 22 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 116 23 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 1 The the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 2 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 3 inferred infer VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 4 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 5 this this DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 6 analysis analysis NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 7 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 8 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 9 quasicontinuous quasicontinuous JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 10 helix helix NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 11 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 12 16 16 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 13 bp bp NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 14 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 15 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 16 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 17 necessary necessary JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 18 bridging bridging NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 19 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 20 unpaired unpaired JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 21 bases basis NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 22 across across IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 23 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 24 deep deep JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 25 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 26 shallow shallow JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 27 grooves groove NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 28 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 29 sterically sterically RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 30 feasible feasible JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 117 31 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 118 1 Of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 118 2 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 118 3 retrovirus retrovirus NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 118 4 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 118 5 related related JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 118 6 systems system NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 118 7 suspected suspect VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 118 8 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 118 9 use use VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 118 10 -1 -1 NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 118 11 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 118 12 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 118 13 Brierley Brierley NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 118 14 et et NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 118 15 al al NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 118 16 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 119 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 119 2 1989 1989 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 119 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 119 4 found find VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 119 5 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 119 6 over over IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 119 7 half half NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 119 8 have have VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 119 9 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 119 10 potential potential NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 119 11 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 119 12 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 119 13 formation formation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 119 14 immediately immediately RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 119 15 downstream downstream RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 119 16 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 119 17 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 119 18 lo lo NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 119 19 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 119 20 cation cation NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 119 21 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 119 22 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 119 23 frameshift frameshift NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 119 24 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 120 1 This this DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 120 2 includes include VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 120 3 three three CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 120 4 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 120 5 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 120 6 four four CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 120 7 systems system NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 120 8 where where WRB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 120 9 frameshifting frameshifting NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 120 10 has have VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 120 11 actually actually RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 120 12 been be VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 120 13 confirmed confirm VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 120 14 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 121 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 121 2 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 121 3 perhaps perhaps RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 121 4 significant significant JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 121 5 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 121 6 Jacks Jacks NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 121 7 et et NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 121 8 al al NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 121 9 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 122 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 122 2 1988 1988 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 122 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 122 4 had have VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 122 5 shown show VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 122 6 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 122 7 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 122 8 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 122 9 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 122 10 upon upon IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 122 11 deletion deletion NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 122 12 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 122 13 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 122 14 region region NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 122 15 downstream downstream RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 122 16 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 122 17 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 122 18 critical critical JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 122 19 stem stem NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 122 20 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 122 21 Rous rous JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 122 22 sarcoma sarcoma NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 122 23 virus virus NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 122 24 mRNA mrna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 122 25 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 123 1 The the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 123 2 mechanism mechanism NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 123 3 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 123 4 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 123 5 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 123 6 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 123 7 induced induce VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 123 8 frameshift frameshift NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 123 9 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 123 10 unknown unknown JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 123 11 but but CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 123 12 there there EX cord-334123-wb45ww7f 123 13 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 123 14 several several JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 123 15 points point NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 123 16 worth worth JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 123 17 noting note VBG cord-334123-wb45ww7f 123 18 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 1 Mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 2 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 3 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 4 with with IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 5 natural natural JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 6 as as IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 7 opposed oppose VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 8 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 9 mutant mutant JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 10 tRNAs trna NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 11 have have VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 12 been be VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 13 studied study VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 14 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 15 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 16 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 17 eukaryotes eukaryote NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 19 reviewed review VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 20 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 21 Roth Roth NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 22 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 23 1981 1981 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 24 ; ; : cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 25 Craigen Craigen NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 26 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 27 Caskey Caskey NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 28 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 29 1987 1987 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 124 31 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 1 In in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 2 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 3 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 4 frameshift frameshift NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 5 suppression suppression NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 6 can can MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 7 occur occur VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 8 as as IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 9 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 10 result result NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 11 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 12 translational translational JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 13 pausing pausing NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 14 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 15 which which WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 16 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 17 caused cause VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 18 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 19 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 20 example example NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 21 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 22 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 23 starvation starvation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 24 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 25 an an DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 26 amino amino NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 27 acid acid NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 125 28 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 1 In in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 2 this this DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 3 case case NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 4 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 5 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 6 results result NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 7 from from IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 8 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 9 use use NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 10 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 11 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 12 surrogate surrogate NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 13 charged charge VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 14 tRNA trna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 15 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 16 place place NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 17 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 18 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 19 correct correct JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 20 charged charge VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 21 species specie NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 23 which which WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 24 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 25 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 26 limiting limit VBG cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 27 amounts amount NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 126 29 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 1 Thus thus RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 2 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 3 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 4 transiently transiently RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 5 unoccupied unoccupied JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 6 A a NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 7 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 8 site site NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 9 on on IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 10 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 11 ribosome ribosome NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 12 may may MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 13 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 14 " " `` cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 15 read read VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 16 " " '' cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 17 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 18 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 19 noncognate noncognate NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 20 tRNA tRNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 21 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 22 that that DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 23 event event NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 24 can can MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 25 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 26 accompanied accompany VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 27 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 28 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 29 frameshift frameshift NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 30 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 31 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 32 missense missense JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 33 substitution substitution NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 127 34 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 1 The the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 2 frameshifts frameshift NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 3 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 4 lead lead VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 5 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 6 fusion fusion NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 7 proteins protein NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 8 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 9 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 10 retroviral retroviral NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 11 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 12 IBV IBV NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 13 examples example NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 14 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 15 different different JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 16 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 17 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 18 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 19 double double JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 20 frameshift frameshift NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 21 event event NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 22 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 23 not not RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 24 accompanied accompany VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 25 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 26 missense missense NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 27 substitutions substitution NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 128 28 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 129 1 This this DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 129 2 suggests suggest VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 129 3 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 129 4 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 129 5 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 129 6 does do VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 129 7 not not RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 129 8 simply simply RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 129 9 produce produce VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 129 10 an an DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 129 11 unoccupied unoccupied JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 129 12 A a NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 129 13 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 129 14 site site NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 129 15 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 2 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 3 not not RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 4 known know VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 5 whether whether IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 6 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 7 single single JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 8 hairpin hairpin NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 9 stem stem NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 10 equal equal JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 11 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 12 length length NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 13 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 14 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 15 elongated elongated JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 16 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 17 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 18 would would MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 19 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 20 as as RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 21 effective effective JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 22 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 23 inducing induce VBG cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 24 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 25 frameshift frameshift NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 26 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 27 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 28 system system NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 29 studied study VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 30 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 31 Brierley Brierley NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 32 et et NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 33 al al NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 130 34 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 131 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 131 2 1989 1989 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 131 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 131 4 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 1 The the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 2 authors author NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 3 show show VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 4 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 5 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 6 upstream upstream JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 7 stem stem NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 8 alone alone RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 9 induces induce VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 10 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 11 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 12 but but CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 13 at at IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 14 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 15 much much RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 16 lower low JJR cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 17 efficiency efficiency NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 18 than than IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 19 when when WRB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 20 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 21 downstream downstream JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 22 sequences sequence NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 23 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 24 allowed allow VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 25 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 26 form form VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 27 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 28 second second JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 29 stem stem NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 30 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 31 results result VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 32 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 33 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 34 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 35 minihelix minihelix NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 132 36 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 133 1 Thus thus RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 133 2 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 133 3 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 133 4 frequency frequency NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 133 5 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 133 6 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-334123-wb45ww7f 133 7 may may NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 133 8 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 133 9 principal principal NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 133 10 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 133 11 fine fine RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 133 12 - - HYPH cord-334123-wb45ww7f 133 13 tuned tune VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 133 14 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 133 15 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 133 16 size size NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 133 17 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 133 18 detailed detailed JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 133 19 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 133 20 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 133 21 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 133 22 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 133 23 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 134 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 134 2 can can MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 134 3 suggest suggest VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 134 4 one one CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 134 5 possible possible JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 134 6 advantage advantage NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 134 7 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 134 8 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 134 9 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 134 10 format format NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 134 11 over over IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 134 12 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 134 13 standard standard JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 134 14 hairpin hairpin NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 134 15 helix helix NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 134 16 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 134 17 equivalent equivalent JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 134 18 size size NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 134 19 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 135 1 In in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 135 2 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 135 3 work work NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 135 4 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 135 5 Puglisi Puglisi NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 135 6 et et NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 135 7 al al NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 135 8 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 2 1988 1988 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 4 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 5 thermal thermal JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 6 stability stability NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 7 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 8 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 9 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 10 helix helix NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 11 was be VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 12 not not RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 13 greater great JJR cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 14 than than IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 15 that that DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 16 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 17 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 18 moststable moststable NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 19 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 20 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 21 two two CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 22 stems stem NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 23 from from IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 24 which which WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 25 it -PRON- PRP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 26 was be VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 27 assembled assemble VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 136 28 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 1 If if IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 2 this this DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 3 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 4 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 5 general general JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 6 principle principle NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 7 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 8 then then RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 9 pseudoknots pseudoknot NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 10 provide provide VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 11 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 12 way way NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 13 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 14 generate generate VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 15 minihelices minihelice NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 16 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 17 have have VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 18 lower low JJR cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 19 stabilities stability NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 20 than than IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 22 counterparts counterpart NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 23 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 24 which which WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 25 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 26 assembled assemble VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 27 as as IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 28 unknotted unknotted JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 29 continuous continuous JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 30 hairpins hairpin NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 31 with with IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 32 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 33 same same JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 34 number number NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 35 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 36 base base NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 37 pairs pair NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 137 38 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 138 1 The the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 138 2 reduction reduction NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 138 3 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 138 4 stability stability NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 138 5 may may MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 138 6 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 138 7 critical critical JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 138 8 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 138 9 efficient efficient JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 138 10 movement movement NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 138 11 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 138 12 ribosomes ribosome NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 138 13 through through IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 138 14 an an DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 138 15 element element NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 138 16 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 138 17 secondary secondary JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 138 18 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 138 19 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 138 20 an an DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 138 21 mRNA mrna NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 138 22 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 1 Even even RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 2 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 3 spatial spatial JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 4 location location NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 5 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 6 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 7 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 8 relative relative JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 9 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 10 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 11 frameshift frameshift NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 12 site site NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 13 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 14 IBV IBV NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 16 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 17 sharply sharply RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 18 constrained constrain VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 19 - - : cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 20 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 21 less less JJR cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 22 than than IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 23 three three CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 24 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 26 Brierley Brierley NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 27 et et NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 28 al al NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 29 . . NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 30 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 31 1989 1989 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 139 33 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 140 1 This this DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 140 2 emphasizes emphasize VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 140 3 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 140 4 importance importance NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 140 5 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 140 6 structural structural JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 140 7 detail detail NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 140 8 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 140 9 context context NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 140 10 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 140 11 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 140 12 biological biological JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 140 13 function function NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 140 14 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 140 15 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 140 16 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 140 17 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 140 18 translation translation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 140 19 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 1 In in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 2 this this DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 3 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 4 other other JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 5 respects respect NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 6 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 7 it -PRON- PRP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 8 has have VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 9 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 10 properties property NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 11 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 12 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 13 substrate substrate NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 14 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 15 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 16 specifically specifically RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 17 recognized recognize VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 18 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 19 acted act VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 20 upon upon IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 21 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 22 an an DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 23 enzyme enzyme NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 24 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 25 to to IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 26 details detail NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 27 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 28 molecular molecular JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 29 shape shape NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 30 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 31 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 32 spacing spacing NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 33 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 34 functional functional JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 35 groups group NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 141 36 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 1 There there EX cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 2 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 3 no no DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 4 evidence evidence NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 5 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 6 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 7 component component NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 8 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 9 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 10 translation translation NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 11 apparatus apparatus NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 13 e.g. e.g. RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 14 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 15 ribosomes ribosome NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 17 performs perform VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 18 such such PDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 19 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 20 recognition recognition NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 21 function function NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 22 before before IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 23 triggering trigger VBG cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 24 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 25 double double JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 26 frameshift frameshift NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 27 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 28 but but CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 29 operationally operationally RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 30 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 31 result result NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 32 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 33 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 34 same same JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 35 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 36 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 37 possibility possibility NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 38 has have VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 39 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 40 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 41 at at IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 42 least least JJS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 43 formally formally RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 44 considered consider VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 142 45 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 143 1 Before before IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 143 2 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 143 3 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 143 4 was be VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 143 5 solved solve VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 143 6 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 143 7 many many JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 143 8 predictions prediction NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 143 9 were be VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 143 10 made make VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 143 11 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 143 12 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 143 13 folding folding NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 143 14 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 143 15 tRNA tRNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 143 16 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 144 1 None none NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 144 2 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 144 3 them -PRON- PRP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 144 4 correctly correctly RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 144 5 predicted predict VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 144 6 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 144 7 tertiary tertiary JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 144 8 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 144 9 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 144 10 was be VBD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 144 11 elucidated elucidate VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 144 12 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 144 13 x x NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 144 14 - - NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 144 15 ray ray NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 144 16 diffraction diffraction NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 144 17 analysis analysis NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 144 18 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 145 1 This this DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 145 2 structure structure NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 145 3 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 145 4 now now RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 145 5 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 145 6 basis basis NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 145 7 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 145 8 designing design VBG cord-334123-wb45ww7f 145 9 experiments experiment NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 145 10 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 145 11 understand understand VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 145 12 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 145 13 interactions interaction NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 145 14 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 145 15 tRNAs trna NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 145 16 with with IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 145 17 proteins protein NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 145 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 145 19 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 146 1 In in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 146 2 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 146 3 systems system NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 146 4 described describe VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 146 5 above above RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 146 6 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 146 7 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 146 8 proposed propose VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 146 9 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 146 10 secondary secondary JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 146 11 structures structure NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 146 12 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 146 13 highly highly RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 146 14 schematic schematic JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 146 15 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 147 1 NMR NMR NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 147 2 analyses analysis NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 147 3 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 147 4 " " `` cord-334123-wb45ww7f 147 5 simple simple JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 147 6 " " '' cord-334123-wb45ww7f 147 7 pseudoknots pseudoknot NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 147 8 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 147 9 providing provide VBG cord-334123-wb45ww7f 147 10 some some DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 147 11 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 147 12 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 147 13 structural structural JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 147 14 parameters parameter NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 147 15 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 147 16 will will MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 147 17 guide guide VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 147 18 model model NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 147 19 building building NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 147 20 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 147 21 design design NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 147 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 147 23 cf cf NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 147 24 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 148 1 Wyatt Wyatt NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 148 2 et et NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 148 3 al al NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 148 4 . . NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 148 5 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 148 6 1989 1989 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 148 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 148 8 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 1 Further further JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 2 thermodynamic thermodynamic JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 3 studies study NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 4 may may MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 5 allow allow VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 6 more more RBR cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 7 accurate accurate JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 8 energy energy NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 9 estimates estimate NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 10 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 11 can can MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 12 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 13 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 14 basis basis NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 15 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 16 including include VBG cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 17 pseudoknots pseudoknot NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 18 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 19 programs program NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 20 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 21 compute compute VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 22 energyminimized energyminimized JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 23 secondary secondary JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 24 structures structure NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 26 cf cf XX cord-334123-wb45ww7f 149 27 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 150 1 Zucker Zucker NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 150 2 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 150 3 1989 1989 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 150 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 150 5 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 1 However however RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 2 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 3 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 4 data datum NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 5 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 6 Tang Tang NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 7 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 8 Draper Draper NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 10 1989 1989 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 12 suggest suggest VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 13 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 14 more more RBR cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 15 complex complex JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 16 arrangement arrangement NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 17 for for IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 18 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 19 a a DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 20 operon operon NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 21 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 22 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 23 than than IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 24 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 25 basic basic JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 26 motif motif NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 27 proposed propose VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 28 by by IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 29 Pleij Pleij NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 30 et et NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 31 al al NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 151 32 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 152 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 152 2 1985 1985 CD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 152 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-334123-wb45ww7f 152 4 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 1 In in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 2 general general JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 3 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 5 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 6 likely likely JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 7 that that IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 8 tertiary tertiary JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 9 structural structural JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 10 features feature NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 11 have have VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 12 an an DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 13 important important JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 14 role role NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 15 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 16 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 17 protein protein NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 18 recognition recognition NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 19 and and CC cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 20 translational translational JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 21 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 22 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 23 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 24 now now RB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 25 associated associate VBN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 26 with with IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 27 RNA RNA NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 28 pseudoknots pseudoknot NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 153 29 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 154 1 Although although IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 154 2 in in IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 154 3 principle principle NN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 154 4 the the DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 154 5 analytical analytical JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 154 6 tools tool NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 154 7 are be VBP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 154 8 available available JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 154 9 , , , cord-334123-wb45ww7f 154 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 154 11 is be VBZ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 154 12 these these DT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 154 13 tertiary tertiary JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 154 14 features feature NNS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 154 15 that that WDT cord-334123-wb45ww7f 154 16 will will MD cord-334123-wb45ww7f 154 17 be be VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 154 18 most most RBS cord-334123-wb45ww7f 154 19 difficult difficult JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 154 20 to to TO cord-334123-wb45ww7f 154 21 work work VB cord-334123-wb45ww7f 154 22 out out RP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 154 23 . . . cord-334123-wb45ww7f 155 1 Molecular molecular JJ cord-334123-wb45ww7f 155 2 Biology Biology NNP cord-334123-wb45ww7f 155 3 of of IN cord-334123-wb45ww7f 155 4 RNA RNA NNP