id sid tid token lemma pos cord-341050-hnuogpqn 1 1 key key NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 1 2 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 2 1 cord-341050-hnuogpqn cord-341050-hnuogpqn NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 2 2 authors author NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 2 3 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 2 4 Acharya Acharya NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 2 5 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 2 6 Dhiraj Dhiraj NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 2 7 ; ; : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 2 8 Bai Bai NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 2 9 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 2 10 Fengwei Fengwei NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 2 11 title title NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 2 12 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 3 1 An an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 3 2 Overview Overview NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 3 3 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 3 4 Current current JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 3 5 Approaches approach NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 3 6 Toward toward IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 3 7 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 3 8 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 3 9 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 3 10 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 3 11 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 3 12 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 3 13 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 3 14 Virus Virus NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 3 15 Infection Infection NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 3 16 date date NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 3 17 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 3 18 2016 2016 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 3 19 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 3 20 05 05 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 3 21 - - SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 3 22 18 18 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 3 23 journal journal NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 3 24 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 4 1 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 4 2 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 4 3 Virus Virus NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 4 4 DOI doi NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 4 5 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 4 6 10.1007/978 10.1007/978 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 4 7 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 4 8 1 1 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 4 9 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 4 10 4939 4939 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 4 11 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 4 12 3670 3670 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 4 13 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 4 14 0_19 0_19 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 5 1 sha sha NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 5 2 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 5 3 96fa7b0201a495e59794b2b1c2e8cd794d1ba413 96fa7b0201a495e59794b2b1c2e8cd794d1ba413 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 5 4 doc_id doc_id CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 5 5 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 6 1 341050 341050 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 6 2 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 6 3 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 6 4 hnuogpqn hnuogpqn NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 2 persistence persistence NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 3 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 4 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 5 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 6 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 8 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 10 infections infection NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 11 throughout throughout IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 12 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 13 USA USA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 14 since since IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 16 inception inception NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 17 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 18 1999 1999 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 19 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 20 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 21 continuous continuous JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 22 spread spread NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 23 throughout throughout IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 24 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 25 globe globe NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 26 calls call VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 27 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 28 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 29 urgent urgent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 30 need need NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 31 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 32 effective effective JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 33 treatments treatment NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 34 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 35 prevention prevention NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 36 measures measure NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 7 37 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 1 Although although IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 2 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 3 licensing licensing NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 5 several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 6 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 7 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 8 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 9 veterinary veterinary JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 10 use use NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 11 provides provide VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 12 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 13 proof proof NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 14 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 15 concept concept NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 16 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 17 similar similar JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 18 efforts effort NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 19 on on IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 20 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 21 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 22 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 23 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 24 effective effective JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 25 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 26 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 27 humans human NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 28 remain remain VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 29 still still RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 30 unsuccessful unsuccessful JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 8 31 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 1 Increased increase VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 2 understanding understanding NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 3 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 4 biology biology NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 5 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 6 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 7 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 8 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 9 together together RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 10 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 11 recent recent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 12 technological technological JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 13 advancements advancement NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 14 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 15 raised raise VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 16 hope hope NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 17 that that IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 18 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 19 effective effective JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 20 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 21 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 22 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 23 be be VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 24 available available JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 25 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 26 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 27 near near JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 28 future future NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 9 29 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 2 addition addition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 4 rapid rapid JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 5 progress progress NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 6 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 7 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 8 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 9 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 10 functional functional JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 11 characterization characterization NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 12 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 13 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 14 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 15 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 16 flaviviral flaviviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 17 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 18 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 19 provided provide VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 20 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 21 solid solid JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 22 base base NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 23 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 24 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 25 design design NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 26 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 27 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 28 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 29 several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 30 classes class NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 31 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 32 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 33 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 34 potential potential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 35 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 36 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 10 37 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 11 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 11 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 11 3 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 11 4 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 11 5 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 11 6 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 11 7 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 11 8 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 11 9 excellent excellent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 11 10 efficacy efficacy NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 11 11 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 11 12 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 11 13 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 11 14 animal animal NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 11 15 models model NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 11 16 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 11 17 represent represent VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 11 18 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 11 19 promising promising JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 11 20 class class NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 11 21 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 11 22 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 11 23 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 11 24 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 12 1 However however RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 12 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 12 3 there there EX cord-341050-hnuogpqn 12 4 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 12 5 some some DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 12 6 challenges challenge NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 12 7 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 12 8 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 12 9 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 12 10 design design NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 12 11 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 12 12 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 12 13 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 12 14 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 12 15 safe safe JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 12 16 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 12 17 efficient efficient JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 12 18 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 12 19 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 12 20 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 12 21 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 12 22 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 2 this this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 3 chapter chapter NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 4 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 6 discuss discuss VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 7 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 8 current current JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 9 approaches approach NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 10 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 11 progress progress NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 12 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 13 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 14 challenges challenge NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 15 toward toward IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 16 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 17 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 18 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 19 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 20 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 21 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 22 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 23 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 24 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 25 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 26 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 27 drugs drug NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 13 28 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 1 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 2 cause cause VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 3 injury injury NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 4 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 5 death death NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 6 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 7 neurons neuron NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 8 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 9 various various JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 10 clinical clinical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 11 manifestations manifestation NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 12 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 13 such such JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 14 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 15 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 16 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 17 meningitis meningitis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 18 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 19 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 20 accid accid JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 21 paralysis paralysis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 22 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 23 persistent persistent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 24 neurologic neurologic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 25 sequelae sequela NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 26 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 27 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 28 possibly possibly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 29 death death NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 30 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 31 particularly particularly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 32 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 33 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 34 elderly elderly JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 35 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 36 immunocompromised immunocompromised JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 37 individuals individual NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 39 1 1 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 40 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 41 10 10 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 42 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 43 11 11 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 14 45 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 1 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 2 strongly strongly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 3 activates activate VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 4 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 5 immune immune JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 6 responses response NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 7 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 8 which which WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 9 play play VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 10 important important JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 11 roles role NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 12 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 13 controlling control VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 14 viremia viremia NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 15 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 16 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 17 dissemination dissemination NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 18 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 19 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 20 central central JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 21 nervous nervous JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 22 system system NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 24 CNS CNS NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 26 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 27 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 28 recovery recovery NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 29 from from IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 30 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 31 disease disease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 33 11 11 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 15 35 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 1 However however RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 3 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 4 mechanism mechanism NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 5 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 6 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 7 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 8 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 9 including include VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 11 tropism tropism NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 12 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 13 neurons neuron NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 14 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 15 CNS CNS NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 16 invasion invasion NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 17 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 18 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 19 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 20 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 21 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 22 factors factor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 23 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 24 contribute contribute VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 25 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 26 imbalance imbalance NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 27 between between IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 28 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 29 pathology pathology NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 30 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 31 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 32 immunity immunity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 33 still still RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 34 remain remain VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 35 poorly poorly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 36 understood understand VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 16 37 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 1 Although although IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 2 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 3 was be VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 4 fi fi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 5 rst rst NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 6 discovered discover VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 7 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 8 Uganda Uganda NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 9 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 10 1937 1937 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 11 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 13 had have VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 14 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 15 considered consider VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 16 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 17 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 18 minor minor JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 19 public public JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 20 health health NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 21 concern concern NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 22 until until IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 23 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 24 fi fi NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 25 rst rst NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 26 appearance appearance NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 27 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 28 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 29 USA USA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 30 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 31 1999 1999 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 33 12 12 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 17 35 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 1 Since since IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 2 then then RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 5 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 6 dramatically dramatically RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 7 spread spread VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 8 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 9 all all PDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 10 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 11 continental continental JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 12 states state NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 13 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 14 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 15 USA USA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 16 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 17 became become VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 18 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 19 endemic endemic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 20 disease disease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 21 throughout throughout IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 22 North North NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 23 America America NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 24 within within IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 25 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 26 few few JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 27 years year NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 29 13 13 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 30 -16 -16 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 18 32 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 2 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 3 USA USA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 4 alone alone RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 5 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 6 there there EX cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 7 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 8 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 9 over over IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 10 40,000 40,000 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 11 reported report VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 12 cases case NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 13 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 14 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 15 between between IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 16 1999 1999 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 17 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 18 2014 2014 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 19 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 20 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 21 which which WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 22 ~45 ~45 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 23 % % NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 24 were be VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 25 classifi classifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 26 ed ed NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 27 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 28 neuroinvasive neuroinvasive NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 29 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 30 claimed claim VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 31 lives life NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 32 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 33 nearly nearly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 34 two two CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 35 thousand thousand CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 36 people people NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 38 17 17 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 19 40 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 1 However however RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 3 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 4 actual actual JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 5 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 6 burden burden NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 7 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 8 likely likely RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 9 much much RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 10 higher high JJR cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 11 than than IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 12 previously previously RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 13 thought think VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 14 because because IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 15 only only RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 16 about about RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 17 20 20 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 18 % % NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 19 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 20 infected infected JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 21 individual individual NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 22 develop develop VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 23 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 24 clinical clinical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 25 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 26 disease disease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 28 13 13 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 20 30 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 2 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 3 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 4 estimated estimate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 5 that that IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 6 over over IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 7 three three CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 8 million million CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 9 individuals individual NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 10 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 11 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 12 infected infect VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 13 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 14 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 15 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 16 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 17 USA USA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 18 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 19 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 20 which which WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 21 about about IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 22 780,000 780,000 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 23 had have VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 24 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 25 symptomatic symptomatic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 26 disease disease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 28 18 18 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 21 30 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 1 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 2 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 3 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 4 potential potential NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 5 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 6 develop develop VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 7 unusual unusual JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 8 clinical clinical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 9 manifestations manifestation NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 11 19 19 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 12 -21 -21 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 14 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 15 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 16 involve involve VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 17 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 18 renal renal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 19 diseases disease NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 21 22 22 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 22 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 23 23 23 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 25 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 26 myasthenia myasthenia NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 27 gravis gravis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 29 24 24 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 31 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 32 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 33 myocarditis myocarditis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 35 25 25 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 37 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 38 suggesting suggest VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 39 that that IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 40 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 41 range range NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 42 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 43 severity severity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 44 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 45 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 46 disease disease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 47 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 48 be be VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 49 even even RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 50 worse bad JJR cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 51 than than IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 52 previously previously RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 53 believed believe VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 22 54 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 3 increasing increase VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 4 numbers number NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 5 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 6 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 7 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 8 during during IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 9 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 10 last last JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 11 15 15 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 12 years year NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 13 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 14 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 15 associated associate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 16 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 17 greater great JJR cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 18 number number NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 19 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 20 neuroinvasive neuroinvasive JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 21 cases case NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 22 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 23 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 24 higher high JJR cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 25 rate rate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 26 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 27 fatalities fatality NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 29 16 16 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 30 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 31 17 17 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 23 33 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 1 However however RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 3 no no DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 4 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 5 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 6 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 7 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 8 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 9 currently currently RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 10 available available JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 11 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 12 which which WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 13 limits limit VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 14 current current JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 15 treatments treatment NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 16 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 17 only only RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 18 supportive supportive JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 19 care care NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 20 measures measure NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 21 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 22 such such JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 23 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 24 intravenous intravenous JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 25 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 26 uids uid NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 27 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 28 antipyretics antipyretic NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 29 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 30 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 31 support support NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 32 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 33 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 34 prevention prevention NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 35 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 36 secondary secondary JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 37 infections infection NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 24 38 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 1 Considering consider VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 2 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 3 worldwide worldwide JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 4 distribution distribution NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 5 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 6 this this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 7 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 8 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 9 evidence evidence NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 10 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 11 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 12 potential potential NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 13 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 14 change change VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 15 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 16 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 17 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 18 transmission transmission NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 20 26 26 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 21 -30 -30 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 23 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 24 there there EX cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 25 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 26 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 27 urgent urgent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 28 need need NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 29 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 30 develop develop VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 31 safe safe JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 32 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 33 effective effective JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 34 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 35 drugs drug NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 36 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 37 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 38 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 39 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 40 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 42 31 31 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 25 44 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 1 Intensive intensive JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 2 research research NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 3 during during IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 4 past past JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 5 decades decade NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 6 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 7 made make VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 8 signifi signifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 9 ca can MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 10 nt not RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 11 progress progress VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 12 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 13 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 14 design design NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 15 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 16 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 17 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 18 several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 19 treatment treatment NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 20 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 21 prevention prevention NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 22 methods method NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 23 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 24 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 25 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 27 reviewed review VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 28 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 30 32 32 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 31 -34 -34 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 26 34 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 1 Here here RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 4 discuss discuss VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 5 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 6 current current JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 7 approaches approach NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 8 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 9 recent recent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 10 progress progress NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 11 toward toward IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 12 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 13 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 14 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 15 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 16 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 17 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 18 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 19 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 20 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 21 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 22 drugs drug NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 23 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 24 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 25 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 26 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 27 humans human NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 27 28 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 28 1 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 28 2 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 28 3 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 28 4 spherical spherical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 28 5 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 28 6 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 28 7 50 50 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 28 8 nm nm NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 28 9 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 28 10 diameter diameter NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 28 11 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 28 12 which which WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 28 13 comprises comprise VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 28 14 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 28 15 icosahedral icosahedral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 28 16 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 28 17 surrounded surround VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 28 18 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 28 19 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 28 20 lipid lipid NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 28 21 envelope envelope NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 28 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 28 23 35 35 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 28 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 28 25 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 29 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 29 2 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 29 3 contains contain VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 29 4 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 29 5 single single JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 29 6 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 29 7 stranded stranded JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 29 8 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 29 9 capped cap VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 29 10 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 29 11 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 29 12 plus plus RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 29 13 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 29 14 sensed sense VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 29 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 29 16 genome genome NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 29 17 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 29 18 approximately approximately RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 29 19 11 11 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 29 20 kb kb NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 29 21 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 29 22 size size NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 29 23 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 2 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 3 genome genome NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 4 encodes encode VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 5 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 6 polyprotein polyprotein JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 7 precursor precursor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 8 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 9 which which WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 10 undergoes undergo VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 11 posttranslational posttranslational JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 12 processing processing NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 13 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 14 cellular cellular JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 15 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 16 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 17 proteases protease NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 18 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 19 generate generate VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 20 three three CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 21 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 22 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 24 capsid capsid JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 26 C C NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 28 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 29 premembrane premembrane NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 31 PrM prm NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 33 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 34 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 35 envelope envelope NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 37 E e NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 40 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 41 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 42 seven seven CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 43 non non JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 44 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 45 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 46 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 48 NS1 ns1 UH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 49 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 50 NS2A ns2a UH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 51 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 52 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 53 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 54 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 55 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 56 NS4A NS4A NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 57 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 58 NS4B NS4B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 59 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 60 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 61 NS5 NS5 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 30 63 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 2 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 3 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 4 form form VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 5 virion virion NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 6 structure structure NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 7 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 8 whereas whereas IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 9 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 10 non non JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 11 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 12 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 13 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 14 play play VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 15 essential essential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 16 roles role NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 17 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 18 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 19 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 20 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 21 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 22 genome genome NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 23 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 24 assembly assembly NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 25 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 26 virion virion NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 27 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 28 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 29 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 30 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 32 36 36 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 33 -38 -38 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 31 35 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 32 1 Thus thus RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 32 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 32 3 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 32 4 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 32 5 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 32 6 non non JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 32 7 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 32 8 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 32 9 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 32 10 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 32 11 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 32 12 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 32 13 be be VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 32 14 potential potential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 32 15 targets target NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 32 16 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 32 17 developing develop VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 32 18 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 32 19 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 32 20 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 32 21 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 32 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 32 23 Table Table NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 32 24 1 1 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 32 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 32 26 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 2 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 3 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 4 virion virion NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 5 structure structure NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 6 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 7 C C NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 8 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 9 encapsulates encapsulate VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 10 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 11 genomic genomic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 13 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 14 form form VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 15 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 16 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 17 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 18 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 19 enveloped envelop VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 20 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 21 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 22 lipid lipid NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 23 bilayer bilayer NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 24 into into IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 25 which which WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 26 trimmers trimmer NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 27 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 28 prM prm JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 29 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 30 E e NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 31 heterodimers heterodimer NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 32 form form VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 33 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 34 spikelike spikelike NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 35 projections projection NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 33 36 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 1 Among among IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 2 these these DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 3 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 4 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 5 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 6 E e NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 7 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 8 mediates mediate VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 9 crucial crucial JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 10 roles role NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 11 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 12 binding bind VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 13 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 14 cellular cellular JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 15 receptors receptor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 16 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 17 membrane membrane NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 18 fusion fusion NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 19 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 20 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 21 entry entry NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 22 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 23 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 24 into into IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 25 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 26 cells cell NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 27 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 28 making make VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 29 it -PRON- PRP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 30 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 31 key key JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 32 target target NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 33 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 34 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 35 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 36 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 37 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 38 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 39 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 40 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 41 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 42 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 43 entry entry NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 44 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 34 45 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 1 Crystal crystal NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 2 structure structure NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 3 analysis analysis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 4 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 5 confi confi VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 6 rmed rmed NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 7 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 8 E e NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 9 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 10 folds fold VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 11 into into IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 12 three three CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 13 structurally structurally RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 14 distinct distinct JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 15 ectodomains ectodomain NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 17 EDs EDs NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 19 termed term VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 20 EDI EDI NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 21 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 22 EDII EDII NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 23 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 24 EDIII EDIII NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 26 39 39 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 27 -43 -43 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 35 29 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 1 Among among IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 2 these these DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 4 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 5 EDIII EDIII NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 6 consists consist VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 7 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 8 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 9 major major JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 10 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 11 epitopes epitope NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 12 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 13 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 14 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 15 antigen antigen NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 16 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 17 choice choice NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 18 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 19 elicit elicit VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 20 production production NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 21 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 22 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 23 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 25 43 43 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 26 -46 -46 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 36 28 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 1 Based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 2 on on IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 3 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 4 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 5 characterization characterization NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 6 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 7 antifl antifl NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 8 aviviral aviviral NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 9 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 10 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 11 from from IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 12 both both CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 13 human human JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 14 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 15 nonhuman nonhuman NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 16 primate primate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 17 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 19 appears appear VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 20 that that IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 21 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 22 epitopes epitope NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 23 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 24 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 25 aviviral aviviral NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 26 E E NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 27 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 28 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 29 more more RBR cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 30 complex complex JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 31 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 32 diverse diverse JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 33 than than IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 34 previously previously RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 35 thought think VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 37 47 47 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 38 -50 -50 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 37 40 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 2 addition addition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 4 mapping mapping NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 5 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 6 B b NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 7 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 8 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 9 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 10 T t NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 11 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 12 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 13 epitopes epitope NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 14 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 15 led lead VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 16 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 17 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 18 identifi identifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 19 cation cation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 20 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 21 many many JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 22 immunodominant immunodominant JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 23 epitopes epitope NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 24 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 25 both both DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 26 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 27 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 28 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 29 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 30 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 31 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 33 51 51 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 34 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 35 52 52 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 38 37 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 1 Among among IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 2 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 3 non non JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 4 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 5 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 6 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 7 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 8 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 9 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 10 NS5 NS5 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 11 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 12 bestcharacterized bestcharacterize VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 13 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 14 multifunctional multifunctional JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 15 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 16 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 17 both both DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 18 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 19 which which WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 20 contain contain VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 21 enzymatic enzymatic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 22 activities activity NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 23 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 24 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 25 essential essential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 26 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 27 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 28 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 30 53 53 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 31 -55 -55 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 39 33 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 40 1 Such such JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 40 2 enzymatic enzymatic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 40 3 functions function NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 40 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 40 5 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 40 6 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 40 7 NS5 ns5 JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 40 8 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 40 9 received receive VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 40 10 considerable considerable JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 40 11 attention attention NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 40 12 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 40 13 potential potential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 40 14 targets target NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 40 15 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 40 16 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 40 17 drug drug NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 40 18 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 40 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 40 20 34 34 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 40 21 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 40 22 54 54 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 40 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 40 24 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 41 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 41 2 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 41 3 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 41 4 contains contain VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 41 5 two two CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 41 6 distinct distinct JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 41 7 functional functional JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 41 8 domains domain NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 41 9 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 2 N n CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 3 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 4 terminal terminal NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 5 domain domain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 6 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 7 NS3 ns3 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 9 184 184 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 10 amino amino NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 11 acid acid NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 12 residues residue NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 14 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 15 serine serine JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 16 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 17 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 18 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 19 requires require VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 20 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 21 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 22 cofactor cofactor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 23 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 24 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 25 activation activation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 27 54 54 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 28 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 29 56 56 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 30 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 31 57 57 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 42 33 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 1 Recent recent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 2 X x NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 3 - - NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 4 ray ray NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 5 crystallographic crystallographic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 6 studies study NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 7 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 8 shown show VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 9 that that IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 10 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 11 conformation conformation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 12 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 13 β β NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 14 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 15 loop loop NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 16 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 17 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 18 controls control VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 19 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 20 substrate substrate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 21 binding bind VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 22 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 23 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 24 / / SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 25 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 26 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 28 58 58 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 29 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 30 59 59 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 43 32 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 44 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 44 2 contrast contrast NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 44 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 44 4 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 44 5 C c NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 44 6 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 44 7 terminal terminal NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 44 8 domain domain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 44 9 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 44 10 NS3 NS3 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 44 11 functions function VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 44 12 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 44 13 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 44 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 44 15 helicase helicase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 44 16 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 44 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 44 18 67 67 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 44 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 44 20 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 45 1 Besides besides IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 45 2 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 45 3 function function NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 45 4 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 45 5 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 45 6 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 45 7 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 45 8 NS5 NS5 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 45 9 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 45 10 plays play VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 45 11 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 45 12 role role NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 45 13 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 45 14 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 45 15 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 45 16 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 45 17 antagonizing antagonize VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 45 18 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 45 19 's 's POS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 45 20 interferon interferon NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 45 21 response response NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 45 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 45 23 28 28 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 45 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 45 25 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 46 1 Other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 46 2 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 46 3 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 1 NS2A NS2A NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 3 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 4 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 5 NS4A NS4A NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 6 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 7 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 8 NS4B ns4b DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 9 form form VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 10 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 11 scaffold scaffold NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 12 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 13 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 14 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 15 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 16 complex complex NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 17 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 18 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 19 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 20 roles role NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 21 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 22 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 23 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 24 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 25 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 26 genome genome NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 27 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 28 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 29 immune immune JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 30 evasion evasion NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 32 68 68 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 33 -70 -70 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 47 35 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 48 1 Mutations mutation NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 48 2 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 48 3 NS4B NS4B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 48 4 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 48 5 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 48 6 attenuate attenuate VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 48 7 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 48 8 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 48 9 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 48 10 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 48 11 aviviruses aviviruse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 48 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 48 13 68 68 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 48 14 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 48 15 69 69 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 48 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 48 17 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 2 addition addition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 4 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 5 recent recent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 6 successful successful JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 7 clinical clinical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 8 trial trial NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 9 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 10 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 11 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 12 C c NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 13 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 14 NS5A NS5A NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 15 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 16 suggests suggest VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 17 that that IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 18 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 19 non non JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 20 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 21 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 22 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 23 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 24 be be VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 25 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 26 ideal ideal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 27 strategy strategy NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 28 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 29 develop develop VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 30 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 31 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 32 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 33 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 34 aviviruses aviviruse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 35 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 36 including include VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 37 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 39 71 71 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 49 41 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 50 1 74 74 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 50 2 -78 -78 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 50 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 50 4 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 2 particular particular JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 4 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 5 C c NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 6 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 7 terminal terminal NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 8 EDIII EDIII NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 9 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 10 E e NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 11 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 12 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 13 contains contain VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 14 critical critical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 15 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 16 epitopes epitope NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 17 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 18 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 19 major major JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 20 target target NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 21 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 22 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 23 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 24 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 25 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 26 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 28 40 40 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 29 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 30 44 44 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 31 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 32 78 78 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 33 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 34 79 79 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 51 36 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 2 addition addition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 3 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 4 humoral humoral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 5 immune immune JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 6 response response NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 7 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 8 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 9 mediated mediate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 10 immunity immunity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 11 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 12 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 13 + + CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 14 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 15 CD8 CD8 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 16 + + CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 17 T T NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 18 cells cell NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 19 play play VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 20 critical critical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 21 roles role NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 22 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 23 recovery recovery NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 24 from from IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 25 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 26 infections infection NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 28 80 80 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 29 -83 -83 NNPS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 52 31 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 1 Thus thus RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 3 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 4 effi effi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 5 cient cient NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 6 generation generation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 7 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 8 vaccineinduced vaccineinduce VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 9 immunity immunity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 10 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 11 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 12 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 13 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 14 require require VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 15 activating activate VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 16 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 17 shaping shape VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 18 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 19 multiple multiple JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 20 effectors effector NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 21 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 22 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 23 immune immune JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 24 response response NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 25 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 26 early early JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 27 innate innate JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 28 signaling signal VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 29 pathways pathway NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 31 84 84 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 32 -86 -86 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 53 34 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 54 1 Development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 54 2 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 54 3 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 54 4 effective effective JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 54 5 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 54 6 requires require VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 54 7 multiple multiple JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 54 8 steps step NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 54 9 from from IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 54 10 design design NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 54 11 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 54 12 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 54 13 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 54 14 rigorous rigorous JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 54 15 evaluation evaluation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 54 16 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 54 17 both both DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 54 18 safety safety NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 54 19 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 54 20 effi effi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 54 21 cacy cacy NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 55 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 55 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 55 3 . . NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 55 4 1 1 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 55 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 55 6 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 1 Since since IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 2 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 3 biology biology NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 5 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 6 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 7 induced induce VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 8 immunity immunity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 9 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 10 principles principle NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 11 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 12 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 13 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 14 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 15 testing testing NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 16 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 17 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 18 extensively extensively RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 19 discussed discuss VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 20 before before RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 21 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 22 we -PRON- PRP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 23 will will MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 24 not not RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 25 discuss discuss VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 26 these these DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 27 topics topic NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 28 here here RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 56 29 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 1 Immunization immunization NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 2 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 3 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 4 laboratory laboratory NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 5 animals animal NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 6 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 7 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 8 challenge challenge NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 9 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 10 those those DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 11 animals animal NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 12 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 13 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 14 pathogen pathogen NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 15 under under IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 16 controlled control VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 17 conditions condition NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 18 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 19 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 20 common common JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 21 method method NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 22 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 23 early early JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 24 evaluation evaluation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 25 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 26 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 27 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 57 28 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 1 Introduction introduction NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 2 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 3 three three CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 4 mutations mutation NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 5 responsible responsible JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 6 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 7 attenuation attenuation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 8 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 9 JEV JEV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 11 SA14 SA14 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 12 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 13 14 14 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 14 - - SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 15 2 2 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 17 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 18 equivalent equivalent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 19 positions position NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 20 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 21 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 22 E e NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 23 gene gene NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 24 further further RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 25 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 26 ChimeriVax ChimeriVax NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 27 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 28 WN02 WN02 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 58 29 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 3 DENV4 DENV4 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 4 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 5 candidate candidate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 7 rDEN4Δ30 rDEN4Δ30 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 9 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 10 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 11 through through IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 12 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 13 30-nucleotide 30-nucleotide CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 14 deletion deletion NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 15 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 16 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 17 3′ 3′ CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 18 untranslated untranslated JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 19 region region NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 21 UTR UTR NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 23 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 24 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 25 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 26 genome genome NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 27 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 28 was be VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 29 further further RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 30 engineered engineer VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 31 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 32 express express VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 33 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 34 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 35 NY99 NY99 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 36 prM prm JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 37 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 38 E e JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 40 122 122 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 41 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 42 123 123 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 59 44 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 60 1 After after IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 60 2 preclinical preclinical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 60 3 evaluation evaluation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 60 4 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 60 5 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 60 6 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 60 7 geese goose NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 60 8 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 60 9 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 60 10 monkeys monkey NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 60 11 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 60 12 rDEN4Δ30 rDEN4Δ30 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 60 13 showed show VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 60 14 strong strong JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 60 15 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 60 16 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 60 17 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 60 18 clinical clinical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 60 19 trial trial NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 60 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 60 21 94 94 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 60 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 60 23 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 2 addition addition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 4 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 5 chimeric chimeric JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 6 DENV2 denv2 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 7 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 8 candidate candidate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 9 expressing express VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 10 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 11 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 12 NY99 NY99 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 13 prM prm JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 14 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 15 E e NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 16 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 17 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 18 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 19 shown show VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 20 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 21 protect protect VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 22 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 23 from from IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 24 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 25 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 26 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 27 NY99 NY99 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 28 strain strain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 30 124 124 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 61 32 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 1 Another another DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 2 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 3 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 4 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 5 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 6 on on IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 7 infl infl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 8 uenza uenza NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 9 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 11 FLU FLU NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 12 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 13 NA NA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 14 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 15 DIII DIII NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 17 was be VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 18 developed develop VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 19 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 20 cloning clone VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 21 DIII DIII NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 22 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 23 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 24 E E NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 25 into into IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 26 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 27 N n CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 28 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 29 terminal terminal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 30 region region NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 31 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 32 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 33 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 34 infl infl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 35 uenza uenza NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 36 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 62 37 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 63 1 This this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 63 2 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 63 3 candidate candidate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 63 4 induced induce VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 63 5 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 63 6 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 63 7 specifi specifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 63 8 c c NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 63 9 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 63 10 IgG IgG NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 63 11 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 63 12 protected protect VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 63 13 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 63 14 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 63 15 lethal lethal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 63 16 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 63 17 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 63 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 63 19 125 125 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 63 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 63 21 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 3 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 4 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 5 adenoviral adenoviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 6 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 7 vector vector NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 9 CAdVax CAdVax NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 10 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 11 WNVII WNVII NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 13 expressing express VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 14 all all DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 15 three three CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 16 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 17 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 19 C C NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 20 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 21 prM prm JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 22 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 23 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 24 E e LS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 26 along along IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 27 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 28 NS1 NS1 NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 29 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 30 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 31 induced induce VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 32 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 33 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 34 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 35 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 37 _SP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 38 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 39 most most RBS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 40 common common JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 41 approach approach NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 42 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 43 develop develop VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 44 non non JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 45 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 46 replicating replicating JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 47 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 48 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 49 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 50 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 51 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 52 inactivate inactivate VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 53 entire entire JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 54 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 55 particles particle NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 56 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 57 using use VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 58 chemicals chemical NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 64 59 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 2 formalin formalin NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 3 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 4 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 5 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 6 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 7 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 8 on on IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 9 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 10 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 11 NY99 NY99 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 12 strain strain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 13 was be VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 14 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 15 fi fi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 16 rst rst NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 17 successful successful JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 18 veterinary veterinary JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 19 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 21 marketed market VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 22 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 23 Pfi Pfi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 24 zer zer NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 25 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 26 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 27 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 28 Innovator Innovator NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 29 ® ® . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 31 licensed license VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 32 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 33 2003 2003 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 35 127 127 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 65 37 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 66 1 Another another DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 66 2 veterinary veterinary JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 66 3 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 66 4 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 66 5 using use VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 66 6 killed kill VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 66 7 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 66 8 was be VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 66 9 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 66 10 licensed license VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 66 11 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 66 12 USDA USDA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 66 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 66 14 marketed market VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 66 15 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 66 16 Boehringer Boehringer NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 66 17 Ingelheim Ingelheim NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 66 18 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 66 19 Vetera Vetera NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 66 20 ™ ™ HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 66 21 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 66 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 66 23 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 1 Recently recently RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 3 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 4 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 5 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 6 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 8 WN WN NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 9 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 10 VAX VAX NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 12 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 13 on on IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 14 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 15 NY99 NY99 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 16 protects protect VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 17 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 18 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 19 lethal lethal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 20 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 21 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 22 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 23 exhibits exhibit VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 24 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 25 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 26 monkeys monkey NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 28 128 128 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 67 30 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 68 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 68 2 addition addition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 68 3 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 68 4 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 68 5 NY99 NY99 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 68 6 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 68 7 formalin formalin NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 68 8 inactivation inactivation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 68 9 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 69 1 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 69 2 IRS98 IRS98 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 69 3 strain strain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 69 4 induces induce VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 69 5 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 69 6 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 69 7 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 69 8 protects protect VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 69 9 immunized immunize VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 69 10 geese goose NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 69 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 69 12 129 129 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 69 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 69 14 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 1 As as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 2 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 3 alternative alternative NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 4 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 5 traditional traditional JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 6 formalin formalin NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 7 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 8 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 9 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 10 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 11 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 12 novel novel JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 13 hydrogen hydrogen NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 14 peroxide peroxide NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 16 H h NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 17 2 2 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 18 O o NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 19 2 2 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 21 inactivation inactivation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 22 approach approach NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 23 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 24 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 25 recently recently RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 26 used use VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 27 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 28 produce produce VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 29 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 30 wholevirus wholevirus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 31 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 32 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 33 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 35 130 130 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 36 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 37 131 131 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 70 39 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 1 Mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 2 immunized immunize VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 3 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 4 H H NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 5 2 2 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 6 O o CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 7 2 2 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 8 -inactivated -inactivated JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 9 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 10 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 11 candidate candidate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 12 developed develop VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 13 high high JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 14 serum serum NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 15 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 16 titers titer NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 17 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 18 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 19 offered offer VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 20 complete complete JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 21 protection protection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 22 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 23 vaccinated vaccinated JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 24 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 25 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 26 lethal lethal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 27 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 28 challenge challenge NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 30 130 130 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 71 32 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 72 1 One one CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 72 2 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 72 3 such such JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 72 4 H h NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 72 5 2 2 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 72 6 O o NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 72 7 2 2 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 72 8 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 72 9 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 72 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 72 11 HydroVax-001 HydroVax-001 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 72 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 72 13 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 72 14 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 72 15 recently recently RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 72 16 introduced introduce VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 72 17 into into IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 72 18 phase phase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 72 19 I -PRON- PRP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 72 20 clinical clinical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 72 21 trial trial NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 72 22 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 1 Although although IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 2 inactivation inactivation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 3 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 4 virulent virulent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 5 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 6 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 7 strain strain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 8 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 9 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 10 successfully successfully RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 11 achieved achieve VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 12 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 13 chemical chemical NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 14 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 15 inactivation inactivation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 16 method method NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 18 127 127 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 19 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 20 129 129 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 22 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 23 use use NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 24 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 25 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 26 naturally naturally RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 27 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 28 Kunjin Kunjin NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 29 strain strain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 30 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 31 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 33 132 132 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 34 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 35 133 133 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 37 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 38 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 39 chemically chemically RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 40 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 41 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 42 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 43 cDNA cdna NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 44 system system NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 46 134 134 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 48 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 49 starting start VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 50 material material NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 51 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 52 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 53 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 54 proposed propose VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 73 55 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 74 1 Several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 74 2 studies study NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 74 3 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 74 4 that that IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 74 5 soluble soluble JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 74 6 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 74 7 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 74 8 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 74 9 VLP VLP NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 74 10 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 74 11 approach approach NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 74 12 could could MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 74 13 serve serve VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 74 14 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 74 15 develop develop VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 74 16 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 74 17 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 74 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 74 19 135 135 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 74 20 -139 -139 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 74 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 74 22 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 1 VLP VLP NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 2 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 3 specialized specialized JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 4 subviral subviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 5 particles particle NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 6 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 7 lack lack NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 8 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 9 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 10 genome genome NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 11 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 12 solely solely RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 13 contain contain VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 14 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 15 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 16 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 18 140 140 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 19 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 20 141 141 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 22 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 23 express express VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 24 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 25 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 26 on on IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 27 envelope envelope NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 28 membranes membrane NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 30 142 142 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 31 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 32 143 143 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 75 34 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 76 1 Different different JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 76 2 vectors vector NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 76 3 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 76 4 production production NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 76 5 system system NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 76 6 were be VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 76 7 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 76 8 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 76 9 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 76 10 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 76 11 various various JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 76 12 subunit subunit NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 76 13 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 76 14 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 76 15 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 76 16 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 1 For for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 2 example example NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 4 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 5 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 6 truncated truncate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 7 form form NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 8 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 9 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 10 E E NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 11 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 12 produced produce VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 13 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 14 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 15 coli coli NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 16 induced induce VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 17 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 18 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 19 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 20 protected protect VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 21 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 22 from from IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 23 lethal lethal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 24 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 25 challenge challenge NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 27 46 46 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 28 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 29 144 144 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 77 31 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 2 addition addition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 4 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 5 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 6 truncated truncate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 7 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 8 E E NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 9 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 10 produced produce VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 11 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 12 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 13 SF+ SF+ NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 14 insect insect NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 15 cells cell NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 16 via via IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 17 baculovirus baculovirus NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 18 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 19 induced induce VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 20 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 21 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 22 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 23 protected protect VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 24 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 25 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 26 hamsters hamster NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 27 from from IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 28 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 29 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 31 145 145 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 78 33 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 1 Recombinant recombinant JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 2 baculovirus baculovirus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 3 was be VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 4 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 5 used use VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 6 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 7 express express VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 8 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 9 prM prm JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 10 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 11 E e NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 12 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 13 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 14 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 15 cells cell NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 16 under under IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 17 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 18 CMV CMV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 19 promoter promoter NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 20 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 21 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 22 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 23 without without IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 24 vesicular vesicular JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 25 stomatitis stomatitis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 26 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 27 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 29 Bac Bac NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 30 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 31 G G NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 32 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 33 prM prm JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 34 / / SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 35 E e NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 79 37 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 80 1 Such such JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 80 2 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 80 3 induced induce VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 80 4 robust robust JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 80 5 immune immune JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 80 6 responses response NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 80 7 when when WRB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 80 8 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 80 9 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 80 10 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 80 11 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 80 12 produced produce VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 80 13 both both CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 80 14 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 80 15 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 80 16 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 80 17 infl infl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 80 18 ammatory ammatory NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 80 19 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 80 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 80 21 146 146 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 80 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 80 23 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 2 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 3 recently recently RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 4 proposed propose VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 5 novel novel NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 6 approach approach NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 7 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 8 known know VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 9 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 10 pseudotyping pseudotyping NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 11 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 12 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 13 retrovirus retrovirus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 14 Gag Gag NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 15 polyprotein polyprotein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 16 forms form VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 17 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 18 VLP VLP NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 19 scaffold scaffold NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 20 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 21 display display VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 22 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 23 ectodomain ectodomain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 24 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 25 human human JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 26 membrane membrane NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 27 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 29 CD16 CD16 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 31 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 32 was be VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 33 fused fuse VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 34 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 35 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 36 high high JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 37 affi affi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 38 nity nity NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 39 IgE IgE NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 40 receptor receptor NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 41 gamma gamma NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 42 chain chain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 44 RIgE RIgE NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 81 46 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 1 Using use VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 2 this this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 3 retrovirus retrovirus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 4 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 5 VLPs VLPs NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 6 platform platform NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 7 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 8 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 9 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 10 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 11 was be VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 12 generated generate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 13 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 14 replacement replacement NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 15 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 16 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 17 CD16 CD16 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 18 ectodomain ectodomain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 19 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 20 CD16-RIgE CD16-RIgE , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 21 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 22 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 23 EDIII EDIII NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 24 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 25 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 26 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 27 which which WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 28 induced induce VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 29 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 30 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 31 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 32 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 34 139 139 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 82 36 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 2 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 3 E e NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 4 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 5 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 6 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 7 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 8 NY99 NY99 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 9 produced produce VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 10 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 11 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 12 S2 S2 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 13 cells cell NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 15 WNV-80E wnv-80e NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 16 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 17 developed develop VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 18 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 19 Hawaii Hawaii NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 20 Biotech Biotech NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 22 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 23 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 24 only only JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 25 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 26 subunit subunit NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 27 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 28 candidate candidate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 29 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 30 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 31 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 32 tested test VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 33 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 34 phase phase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 35 I -PRON- PRP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 36 clinical clinical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 37 trial trial NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 83 38 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 1 Although although IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 2 preclinical preclinical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 3 studies study NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 4 revealed reveal VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 5 WNVspecifi WNVspecifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 6 c c NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 7 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 8 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 9 responses response NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 10 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 11 vaccinated vaccinated JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 12 animals animal NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 14 136 136 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 15 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 16 147 147 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 17 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 18 148 148 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 20 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 21 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 22 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 23 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 24 this this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 25 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 26 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 27 humans human NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 28 was be VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 29 low low JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 84 30 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 85 1 To to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 85 2 increase increase VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 85 3 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 85 4 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 85 5 conjugation conjugation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 85 6 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 85 7 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 85 8 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 85 9 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 85 10 nanoparticles nanoparticle NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 85 11 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 85 12 pathogen pathogen NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 85 13 associated associate VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 85 14 molecular molecular JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 85 15 patterns pattern NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 85 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 85 17 PAMPs pamp NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 85 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 85 19 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 85 20 carrier carrier NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 85 21 / / SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 85 22 adjuvant adjuvant NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 85 23 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 85 24 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 85 25 tested test VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 85 26 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 1 For for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 2 instance instance NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 4 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 5 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 6 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 7 E E NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 8 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 9 administered administer VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 10 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 11 unmethylated unmethylate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 12 CpG CpG NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 13 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 14 adjuvant adjuvant NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 15 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 16 loaded load VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 17 onto onto IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 18 CpG CpG NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 19 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 20 modifi modifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 21 ed ed NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 22 nanoparticles nanoparticle NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 23 strongly strongly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 24 activated activate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 25 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 26 cells cell NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 27 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 28 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 29 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 30 elicited elicit VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 31 Th1-dominant Th1-dominant NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 32 immune immune JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 33 responses response NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 34 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 35 producing produce VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 36 high high JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 37 titers titer NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 38 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 39 IgG2a IgG2a NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 40 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 41 IgG2b IgG2b NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 42 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 43 immunized immunized JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 44 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 46 149 149 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 47 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 48 150 150 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 49 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 86 50 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 3 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 4 injected inject VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 5 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 6 DIII DIII NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 7 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 8 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 9 E E NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 10 conjugated conjugate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 11 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 12 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 13 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 14 agellin agellin NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 16 STF2∆.EIII STF2∆.EIII NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 19 137 137 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 21 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 22 VLP VLP NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 23 derived derive VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 24 from from IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 25 bacteriophage bacteriophage NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 26 AP205 AP205 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 27 engineered engineer VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 28 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 29 express express VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 30 DIII DIII NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 31 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 32 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 33 E E NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 35 DIII DIII NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 36 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 37 C C NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 38 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 39 AP205 AP205 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 87 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 88 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 88 2 138 138 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 88 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 88 4 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 88 5 signifi signifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 88 6 cantly cantly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 88 7 increased increase VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 88 8 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 88 9 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 88 10 production production NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 88 11 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 88 12 protected protect VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 88 13 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 88 14 immunized immunize VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 88 15 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 88 16 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 89 1 Despite despite IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 89 2 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 89 3 intensive intensive JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 89 4 efforts effort NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 89 5 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 89 6 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 89 7 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 89 8 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 89 9 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 89 10 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 89 11 only only RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 89 12 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 89 13 few few JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 89 14 reached reach VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 89 15 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 89 16 clinical clinical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 89 17 trial trial NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 89 18 stages stage NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 89 19 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 90 1 Of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 90 2 those those DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 90 3 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 90 4 clinical clinical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 90 5 trials trial NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 90 6 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 90 7 most most JJS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 90 8 candidate candidate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 90 9 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 90 10 fail fail VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 90 11 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 90 12 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 90 13 effi effi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 90 14 cient cient NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 90 15 immunity immunity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 90 16 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 90 17 safety safety NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 90 18 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 1 Development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 2 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 3 new new JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 4 tools tool NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 5 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 6 antigen antigen NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 7 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 8 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 9 expanded expand VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 10 understanding understanding NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 11 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 12 immunological immunological JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 13 correlates correlate NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 14 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 15 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 16 inducedimmunity inducedimmunity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 17 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 18 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 19 discovery discovery NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 20 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 21 novel novel JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 22 adjuvants adjuvant NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 23 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 24 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 25 delivery delivery NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 26 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 27 facilitate facilitate VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 28 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 29 design design NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 30 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 31 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 32 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 33 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 34 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 35 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 91 36 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 1 For for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 2 example example NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 4 knowledge knowledge NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 5 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 6 genomic genomic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 7 information information NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 8 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 9 bioinformatics bioinformatics NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 10 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 11 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 12 used use VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 13 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 14 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 15 silico silico NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 16 identifi identifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 17 cation cation NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 18 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 19 candidate candidate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 20 antigens antigen NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 21 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 22 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 23 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 24 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 25 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 26 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 27 novel novel JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 28 method method NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 29 called call VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 30 " " `` cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 31 reverse reverse JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 32 vaccinology vaccinology NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 33 " " '' cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 35 151 151 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 36 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 37 152 152 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 92 39 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 1 This this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 2 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 3 tool tool NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 4 can can MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 5 quickly quickly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 6 identify identify VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 7 all all DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 8 potential potential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 9 antigens antigen NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 10 coded code VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 11 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 12 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 13 genome genome NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 14 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 15 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 16 be be VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 17 used use VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 18 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 19 develop develop VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 20 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 21 novel novel JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 22 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 23 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 25 153 153 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 93 27 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 94 1 Development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 94 2 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 94 3 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 94 4 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 94 5 group group NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 94 6 B b NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 94 7 streptococci streptococcus NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 94 8 proved prove VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 94 9 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 94 10 potential potential NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 94 11 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 94 12 this this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 94 13 approach approach NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 94 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 94 15 151 151 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 94 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 94 17 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 3 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 4 " " `` cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 5 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 6 approach approach NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 7 " " '' cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 8 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 9 improves improve VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 10 antigenicity antigenicity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 11 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 12 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 13 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 14 rational rational JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 15 designing designing NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 16 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 17 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 18 developed develop VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 19 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 20 utilizing utilize VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 21 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 22 knowledge knowledge NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 23 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 24 immunology immunology NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 25 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 26 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 27 biology biology NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 28 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 29 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 30 bioinformatics bioinformatic NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 32 154 154 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 95 34 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 2 addition addition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 4 increased increase VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 5 understanding understanding NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 6 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 7 immunogenetics immunogenetic NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 8 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 9 role role NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 10 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 11 environmental environmental JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 12 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 13 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 14 factors factor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 15 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 16 determine determine VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 17 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 18 variation variation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 19 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 20 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 21 immunity immunity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 22 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 23 offer offer VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 24 new new JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 25 approaches approach NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 26 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 27 design design VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 28 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 29 more more RBR cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 30 effective effective JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 31 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 32 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 33 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 34 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 35 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 36 humans human NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 96 37 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 1 Therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 2 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 3 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 5 mAbs mAbs NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 7 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 8 hyperimmune hyperimmune NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 9 sera sera NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 10 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 11 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 12 successfully successfully RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 13 used use VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 14 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 15 prophylaxis prophylaxis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 16 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 17 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 18 number number NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 19 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 20 infectious infectious JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 21 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 22 noninfectious noninfectious JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 23 diseases disease NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 24 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 25 including include VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 26 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 27 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 97 28 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 98 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 98 2 recent recent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 98 3 years year NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 98 4 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 98 5 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 98 6 number number NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 98 7 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 98 8 mAbs mAbs NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 98 9 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 98 10 preclinical preclinical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 98 11 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 98 12 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 98 13 clinical clinical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 98 14 trials trial NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 98 15 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 98 16 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 98 17 increased increase VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 98 18 signifi signifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 98 19 cantly cantly NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 98 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 98 21 155 155 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 98 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 98 23 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 1 So so RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 2 far far RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 4 nearly nearly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 5 50 50 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 6 mAbs mAbs NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 7 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 8 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 9 approved approve VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 10 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 11 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 12 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 13 US US NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 14 FDA FDA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 15 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 16 including include VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 17 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 18 humanized humanize VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 19 mAb mAb NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 20 Synagis Synagis NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 22 palivizumab palivizumab NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 24 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 25 preventive preventive JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 26 use use NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 27 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 28 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 29 syncytial syncytial JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 30 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 32 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 33 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 34 induces induce VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 35 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 36 potent potent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 37 humoral humoral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 38 immune immune JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 39 response response NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 40 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 41 which which WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 42 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 43 essential essential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 44 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 45 controlling control VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 46 viremia viremia NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 47 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 48 limiting limit VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 49 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 50 dissemination dissemination NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 51 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 52 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 53 CNS CNS NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 54 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 55 72 72 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 56 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 57 73 73 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 58 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 99 59 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 1 Hyperimmune Hyperimmune NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 2 sera sera NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 4 γ γ NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 5 -globulin -globulin NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 6 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 7 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 8 affi affi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 9 nity nity NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 10 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 11 purifi purifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 12 ed ed NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 13 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 14 harvested harvest VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 15 from from IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 16 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 17 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 18 infected infect VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 19 humans human NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 20 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 21 animals animal NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 22 protect protect VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 23 both both DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 24 wild wild JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 25 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 26 type type NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 27 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 28 immunocompromised immunocompromised JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 29 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 30 from from IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 31 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 32 challenge challenge NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 33 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 34 laboratory laboratory NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 35 conditions condition NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 37 164 164 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 38 -166 -166 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 100 40 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 101 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 101 2 addition addition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 101 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 101 4 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 101 5 patients patient NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 101 6 who who WP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 101 7 received receive VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 101 8 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 101 9 from from IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 101 10 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 101 11 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 101 12 seropositive seropositive JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 101 13 donors donor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 101 14 recovered recover VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 101 15 from from IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 101 16 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 101 17 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 101 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 101 19 167 167 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 101 20 -171 -171 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 101 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 101 22 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 1 These these DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 2 studies study NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 3 not not RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 4 only only RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 5 encouraged encourage VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 6 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 7 efforts effort NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 8 toward toward IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 9 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 10 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 11 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 12 human human JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 13 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 14 humanized humanize VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 15 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 16 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 17 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 18 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 19 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 20 but but CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 21 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 22 led lead VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 23 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 24 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 25 discovery discovery NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 26 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 27 several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 28 potent potent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 29 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 30 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 31 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 32 showed show VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 33 effi effi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 34 cient cient NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 35 protection protection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 36 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 37 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 38 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 39 hamsters hamster NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 40 from from IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 41 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 42 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 44 172 172 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 45 -175 -175 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 102 47 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 1 Among among IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 2 these these DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 4 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 5 humanized humanize VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 6 anti anti JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 7 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 8 WNV wnv JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 9 mAb mAb NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 11 Hu Hu NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 12 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 13 E16 E16 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 15 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 16 binds bind VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 17 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 18 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 19 highly highly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 20 conserved conserve VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 21 epitope epitope NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 22 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 23 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 24 E E NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 25 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 26 blocks block VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 27 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 28 fusion fusion NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 29 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 30 provide provide VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 31 post post JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 32 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 33 exposure exposure JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 34 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 35 potential potential NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 37 172 172 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 103 39 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 104 1 This this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 104 2 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 104 3 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 104 4 currently currently RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 104 5 being be VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 104 6 assessed assess VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 104 7 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 104 8 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 104 9 potential potential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 104 10 use use NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 104 11 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 104 12 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 104 13 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 104 14 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 104 15 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 104 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 104 17 176 176 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 104 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 104 19 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 2 phase phase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 4 clinical clinical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 5 trial trial NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 6 showed show VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 7 that that IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 8 another another DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 9 humanized humanize VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 10 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 11 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 12 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 13 E e NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 14 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 15 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 16 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 18 known know VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 19 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 20 MGAWN1 mgawn1 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 22 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 23 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 24 good good JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 25 safety safety NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 26 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 27 tolerance tolerance NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 28 profi profi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 29 le le NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 30 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 31 healthy healthy JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 32 humans human NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 34 177 177 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 36 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 37 however however RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 38 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 39 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 40 phase phase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 41 II ii CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 42 trial trial NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 43 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 44 assess assess VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 45 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 46 effi effi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 47 cacy cacy NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 48 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 49 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 50 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 51 failed fail VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 52 due due IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 53 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 54 poor poor JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 55 enrollment enrollment NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 56 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 57 participants participant NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 105 58 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 106 1 Besides besides IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 106 2 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 106 3 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 106 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 106 5 whole whole JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 106 6 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 106 7 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 106 8 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 106 9 fusion fusion NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 106 10 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 106 11 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 106 12 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 106 13 generated generate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 106 14 from from IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 106 15 single single JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 106 16 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 106 17 chain chain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 106 18 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 106 19 fragment fragment NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 106 20 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 106 21 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 106 22 variable variable JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 106 23 region region NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 106 24 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 107 1 Such such JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 107 2 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 107 3 fragments fragment NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 107 4 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 107 5 target target VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 107 6 E e NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 107 7 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 107 8 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 107 9 be be VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 107 10 potential potential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 107 11 candidates candidate NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 107 12 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 107 13 immunoprophylaxis immunoprophylaxis NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 107 14 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 107 15 therapy therapy NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 107 16 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 107 17 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 107 18 infections infection NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 107 19 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 108 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 108 2 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 108 3 human human JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 108 4 single single JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 108 5 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 108 6 chain chain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 108 7 variable variable JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 108 8 region region NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 108 9 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 108 10 fragments fragment NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 108 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 109 1 Fv Fv NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 109 2 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 109 3 Fc Fc NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 109 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 109 5 fusion fusion NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 109 6 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 109 7 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 109 8 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 109 9 protective protective JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 109 10 role role NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 109 11 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 109 12 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 109 13 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 109 14 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 109 15 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 109 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 109 17 178 178 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 109 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 109 19 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 1 One one CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 2 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 3 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 4 potential potential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 5 limitations limitation NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 6 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 7 this this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 8 approach approach NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 9 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 10 antibodydependent antibodydependent NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 11 enhancement enhancement NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 13 ADE ADE NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 15 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 16 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 17 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 18 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 19 which which WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 20 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 21 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 22 some some DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 23 viruses virus NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 24 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 25 enhanced enhance VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 26 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 27 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 28 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 29 reactive reactive JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 30 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 31 resulting result VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 32 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 33 more more JJR cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 34 effi effi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 35 cient cient NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 36 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 37 entry entry NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 38 through through IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 39 Fc Fc NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 40 receptor receptor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 41 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 42 mediated mediate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 43 pathways pathway NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 110 44 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 111 1 This this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 111 2 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 111 3 plays play VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 111 4 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 111 5 role role NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 111 6 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 111 7 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 111 8 pathology pathology NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 111 9 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 111 10 severe severe JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 111 11 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 111 12 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 111 13 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 111 14 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 111 15 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 111 16 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 111 17 observed observe VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 111 18 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 111 19 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 111 20 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 111 21 vitro vitro FW cord-341050-hnuogpqn 111 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 111 23 179 179 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 111 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 111 25 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 112 1 Although although IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 112 2 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 112 3 role role NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 112 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 112 5 ADE ADE NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 112 6 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 112 7 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 112 8 disease disease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 112 9 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 112 10 unclear unclear JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 112 11 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 112 12 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 112 13 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 112 14 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 112 15 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 112 16 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 112 17 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 112 18 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 112 19 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 112 20 should should MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 112 21 address address VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 112 22 this this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 112 23 potential potential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 112 24 issue issue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 112 25 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 113 1 Another another DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 113 2 limitation limitation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 113 3 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 113 4 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 113 5 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 113 6 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 113 7 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 113 8 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 113 9 high high JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 113 10 production production NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 113 11 cost cost NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 113 12 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 113 13 which which WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 113 14 limits limit VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 113 15 mAb mab NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 113 16 scalability scalability NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 113 17 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 114 1 Producing produce VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 114 2 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 114 3 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 114 4 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 114 5 including include VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 114 6 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 114 7 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 114 8 plants plant NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 114 9 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 114 10 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 114 11 be be VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 114 12 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 114 13 promising promising JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 114 14 solution solution NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 114 15 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 1 Feasibility feasibility NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 2 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 3 this this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 4 approach approach NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 5 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 6 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 7 affi affi VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 8 rmed rme VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 9 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 10 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 11 successful successful JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 12 production production NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 13 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 14 anti anti JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 15 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 16 WNV wnv JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 17 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 18 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 19 Hu Hu NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 20 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 21 E16 E16 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 22 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 23 plants plant NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 25 Nicotiana Nicotiana NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 26 benthamiana benthamiana NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 115 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 116 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 116 2 MAb MAb NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 116 3 - - , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 116 4 pE16 pE16 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 116 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 117 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 117 2 180 180 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 117 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 117 4 181 181 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 117 5 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 117 6 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 2 plant plant NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 3 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 4 derived derive VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 5 MAb MAb NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 6 - - : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 7 pE16 pE16 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 8 confers confer VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 9 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 10 potent potent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 11 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 12 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 13 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 14 vitro vitro FW cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 15 without without IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 16 ADE ADE NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 17 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 18 effi effi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 19 ciently ciently NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 20 binds bind VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 21 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 22 complement complement VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 23 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 24 Fc Fc NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 25 receptors receptor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 26 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 27 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 28 protects protect VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 29 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 30 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 31 lethal lethal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 32 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 33 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 34 challenge challenge NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 35 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 36 similar similar JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 37 potency potency NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 38 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 39 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 40 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 41 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 42 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 43 counterparts counterpart NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 45 180 180 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 46 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 47 182 182 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 48 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 49 183 183 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 118 51 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 1 Antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 2 employ employ VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 3 several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 4 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 5 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 6 control control VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 7 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 8 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 9 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 10 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 11 infections infection NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 12 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 13 including include VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 14 blockage blockage NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 15 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 16 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 17 entry entry NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 18 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 19 Fc Fc NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 20 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 21 dependent dependent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 22 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 23 clearance clearance NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 24 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 25 complement complement NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 26 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 27 mediated mediate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 28 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 29 lysis lysis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 30 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 31 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 32 antibodydependent antibodydependent NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 33 cytotoxicity cytotoxicity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 34 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 35 infected infected JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 36 cells cell NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 119 37 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 1 Most Most JJS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 2 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 3 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 4 current current JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 5 researches research NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 6 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 7 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 8 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 9 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 10 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 11 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 12 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 13 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 14 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 15 designed design VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 16 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 17 tested test VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 18 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 19 effi effi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 20 cient cient NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 21 neutralization neutralization NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 22 potential potential NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 24 184 184 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 25 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 26 185 185 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 120 28 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 1 Increased increase VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 2 understandings understanding NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 3 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 4 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 5 biology biology NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 6 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 7 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 8 Fc Fc NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 9 regions region NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 10 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 11 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 12 particular particular JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 13 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 14 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 15 roles role NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 16 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 17 glycan glycan NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 18 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 19 Fc Fc NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 20 mediated mediate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 21 functions function NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 22 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 23 facilitate facilitate VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 24 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 25 design design NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 26 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 27 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 28 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 29 high high JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 30 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 31 quality quality NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 32 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 33 through through IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 34 glycoengineering glycoengineere VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 36 186 186 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 37 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 38 187 187 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 121 40 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 1 Such such JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 2 engineering engineering NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 3 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 4 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 5 Fc Fc NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 6 region region NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 7 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 8 be be VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 9 used use VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 10 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 11 overcome overcome VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 12 ADE ADE NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 13 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 14 modulate modulate VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 15 pharmacokinetics pharmacokinetic NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 16 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 17 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 18 enhance enhance VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 19 Fc Fc NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 20 mediated mediate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 21 effector effector NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 22 functions function NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 23 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 24 such such JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 25 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 26 enhancement enhancement NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 27 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 28 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 29 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 30 dependent dependent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 31 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 32 mediated mediate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 33 cytotoxicity cytotoxicity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 35 ADCC ADCC NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 37 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 38 complement complement VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 39 binding binding NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 40 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 41 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 42 phagocytosis phagocytosis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 44 188 188 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 122 46 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 1 Recent recent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 2 technological technological JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 3 advancement advancement NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 4 not not RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 5 only only RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 6 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 7 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 8 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 9 production production NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 10 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 11 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 12 purifi purifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 13 cation cation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 14 but but CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 15 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 16 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 17 ease ease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 18 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 19 achieving achieve VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 20 desirable desirable JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 21 quality quality NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 22 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 23 effi effi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 24 cacy cacy NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 25 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 26 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 27 safety safety NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 28 required require VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 29 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 30 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 31 FDA FDA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 123 32 approval approval NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 124 1 makes make VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 124 2 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 124 3 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 124 4 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 124 5 promising promising JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 124 6 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 124 7 option option NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 124 8 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 1 Thus thus RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 3 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 4 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 5 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 6 prove prove VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 7 useful useful JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 8 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 9 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 10 prophylaxis prophylaxis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 11 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 12 therapy therapy NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 13 particularly particularly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 14 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 15 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 16 elderly elderly JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 17 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 18 immunocompromised immunocompromised JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 19 individuals individual NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 20 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 21 limited limited JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 22 ability ability NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 23 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 24 respond respond VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 25 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 26 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 27 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 125 28 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 1 To to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 2 meet meet VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 3 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 4 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 5 goal goal NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 6 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 7 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 8 controlled control VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 9 clinical clinical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 10 trial trial NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 11 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 12 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 13 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 14 should should MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 15 ensure ensure VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 16 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 17 prophylactic prophylactic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 18 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 19 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 20 effi effi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 21 cacy cacy NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 22 along along IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 23 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 24 optimal optimal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 25 dose dose NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 26 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 27 timing timing NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 28 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 29 administration administration NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 30 across across IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 31 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 32 range range NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 33 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 34 patient patient JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 35 groups group NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 126 36 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 1 Development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 2 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 3 effective effective JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 4 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 5 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 6 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 7 successful successful JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 8 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 9 treating treat VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 10 many many JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 11 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 12 diseases disease NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 13 including include VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 14 infl infl XX cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 15 uenza uenza NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 16 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 17 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 18 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 19 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 20 C C NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 21 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 23 HCV HCV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 25 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 26 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 27 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 28 B B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 29 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 31 HBV HBV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 127 33 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 128 1 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 128 2 causes cause VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 128 3 transient transient JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 128 4 viremia viremia NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 128 5 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 128 6 human human JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 128 7 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 128 8 animal animal NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 128 9 models model NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 128 10 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 128 11 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 128 12 associated associate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 128 13 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 128 14 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 128 15 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 128 16 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 128 17 Approaches Approaches NNPS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 128 18 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 128 19 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 1 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 2 dissemination dissemination NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 3 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 4 brain brain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 5 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 6 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 7 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 8 more more RBR cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 9 severe severe JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 10 disease disease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 12 73 73 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 13 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 14 189 189 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 15 -192 -192 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 17 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 18 suggesting suggest VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 19 that that IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 20 reducing reduce VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 21 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 22 loads load NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 23 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 24 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 25 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 26 drug drug NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 27 during during IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 28 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 29 early early JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 30 phase phase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 31 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 32 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 33 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 34 offer offer VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 35 effi effi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 36 cient cient NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 37 control control NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 38 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 39 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 40 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 41 lessen lessen VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 42 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 43 chances chance NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 44 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 45 progression progression NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 46 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 47 neuroinvasive neuroinvasive JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 48 diseases disease NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 129 49 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 130 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 130 2 addition addition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 130 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 130 4 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 130 5 drugs drug NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 130 6 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 130 7 particularly particularly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 130 8 useful useful JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 130 9 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 130 10 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 130 11 elderly elderly JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 130 12 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 130 13 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 130 14 immunocompromised immunocompromised JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 130 15 patients patient NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 130 16 who who WP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 130 17 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 130 18 fail fail VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 130 19 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 130 20 develop develop VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 130 21 effi effi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 130 22 cient cient NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 130 23 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 130 24 -induced -induce VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 130 25 immunity immunity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 130 26 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 1 Recent recent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 2 progress progress NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 3 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 4 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 5 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 6 characterization characterization NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 7 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 8 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 9 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 10 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 11 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 12 aviviruses aviviruses NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 13 broadens broaden VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 14 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 15 understanding understanding NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 16 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 17 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 18 biology biology NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 19 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 20 provides provide VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 21 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 22 foundation foundation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 23 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 24 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 25 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 26 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 27 small small JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 28 molecule molecule NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 29 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 30 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 31 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 32 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 34 34 34 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 35 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 36 193 193 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 131 38 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 2 addition addition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 4 better well JJR cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 5 understanding understanding NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 6 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 7 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 8 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 9 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 10 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 11 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 12 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 13 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 14 aviviruses aviviruses NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 15 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 16 offered offer VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 17 new new JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 18 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 19 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 20 designing design VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 21 many many JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 22 different different JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 23 classes class NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 24 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 25 promising promising JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 26 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 27 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 28 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 29 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 30 both both DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 31 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 32 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 33 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 34 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 35 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 36 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 37 metabolism metabolism NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 132 38 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 133 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 133 2 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 133 3 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 133 4 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 133 5 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 133 6 drug drug NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 133 7 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 133 8 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 133 9 multistep multistep JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 133 10 process process NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 133 11 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 133 12 takes take VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 133 13 years year NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 133 14 before before IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 133 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 133 16 reaches reach VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 133 17 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 133 18 market market NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 133 19 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 134 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 134 2 general general JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 134 3 overview overview NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 134 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 134 5 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 134 6 drug drug NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 134 7 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 134 8 process process NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 134 9 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 134 10 outlined outline VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 134 11 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 134 12 Fig Fig NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 134 13 . . NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 134 14 2 2 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 134 15 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 1 Hit hit VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 2 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 3 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 4 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 5 lead lead NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 6 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 7 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 8 initial initial JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 9 stage stage NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 10 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 11 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 12 drug drug NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 13 discovery discovery NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 14 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 15 where where WRB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 16 small small JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 17 molecule molecule NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 18 hits hit NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 19 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 20 screened screen VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 21 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 22 further further RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 23 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 24 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 25 identify identify VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 26 promising promising JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 27 lead lead JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 28 compounds compound NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 29 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 30 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 31 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 32 potential potential NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 135 33 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 1 Recent recent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 2 progress progress NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 3 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 4 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 5 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 6 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 7 multiple multiple JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 8 approaches approach NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 9 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 10 designing design VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 11 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 12 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 13 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 14 identifi identifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 15 cation cation NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 16 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 17 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 18 validation validation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 19 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 20 hit hit NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 21 compound compound NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 23 reviewed review VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 24 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 26 194 194 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 27 -199 -199 NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 30 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 31 witnessed witness VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 32 growing grow VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 33 interests interest NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 34 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 35 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 36 fi fi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 37 eld eld NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 38 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 39 drug drug NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 40 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 136 41 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 1 Signifi Signifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 2 ca can MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 3 nt not RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 4 progress progress VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 5 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 6 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 7 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 8 functional functional JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 9 characterization characterization NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 10 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 11 both both DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 12 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 13 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 14 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 15 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 16 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 17 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 18 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 19 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 20 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 21 aviviruses aviviruses NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 22 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 23 facilitated facilitate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 24 identifi identifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 25 cation cation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 26 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 27 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 28 targets target NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 29 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 30 hit hit VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 31 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 32 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 33 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 34 lead lead NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 35 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 137 36 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 1 For for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 2 example example NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 4 characterization characterization NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 5 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 6 pseudo pseudo JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 7 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 8 atomic atomic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 9 structure structure NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 10 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 11 mature mature JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 12 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 13 immature immature JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 14 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 16 35 35 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 18 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 19 atomic atomic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 20 resolution resolution NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 21 structure structure NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 22 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 23 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 24 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 25 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 26 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 27 aviviral aviviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 28 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 29 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 30 X x NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 31 - - NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 32 ray ray NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 33 crystallography crystallography NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 34 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 35 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 36 magnetic magnetic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 37 resonance resonance NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 39 NMR NMR NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 41 spectroscopy spectroscopy NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 42 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 43 39 39 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 44 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 45 41 41 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 46 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 47 48 48 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 48 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 49 200 200 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 50 -203 -203 JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 52 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 53 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 54 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 55 characterization characterization NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 56 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 57 binding bind VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 58 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 59 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 60 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 61 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 62 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 63 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 64 E e NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 65 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 66 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 67 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 68 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 69 48 48 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 70 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 71 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 72 greatly greatly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 73 increased increase VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 74 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 75 understanding understanding NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 76 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 77 both both DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 78 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 79 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 80 functional functional JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 81 aspects aspect NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 82 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 83 potential potential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 84 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 85 targets target NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 138 86 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 139 1 Two two CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 139 2 approaches approach NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 139 3 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 139 4 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 139 5 commonly commonly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 139 6 used use VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 139 7 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 139 8 small small JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 139 9 molecule molecule NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 139 10 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 139 11 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 139 12 include include VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 139 13 target target NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 139 14 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 139 15 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 139 16 approach approach NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 139 17 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 139 18 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 139 19 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 139 20 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 139 21 approach approach NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 139 22 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 1 For for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 2 target target NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 3 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 4 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 5 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 6 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 7 several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 8 methods method NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 9 can can MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 10 be be VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 11 applied apply VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 12 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 13 including include VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 14 enzyme enzyme NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 15 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 16 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 17 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 18 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 19 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 20 fragmentbased fragmentbased JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 21 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 22 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 23 affi affi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 24 nity nity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 25 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 26 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 27 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 28 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 29 structure structure NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 30 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 31 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 32 rational rational JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 34 197 197 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 35 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 36 198 198 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 37 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 38 204 204 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 39 -207 -207 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 140 41 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 141 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 141 2 contrast contrast NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 141 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 141 4 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 141 5 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 141 6 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 141 7 approaches approach NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 141 8 use use VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 141 9 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 141 10 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 141 11 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 141 12 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 141 13 -dependent -dependent VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 141 14 assays assay NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 141 15 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 141 16 identify identify VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 141 17 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 141 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 141 19 208 208 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 141 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 141 21 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 142 1 Each each DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 142 2 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 142 3 these these DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 142 4 approaches approach NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 142 5 presents present VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 142 6 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 142 7 unique unique JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 142 8 sets set NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 142 9 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 142 10 merits merit NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 142 11 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 142 12 challenges challenge NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 142 13 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 1 For for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 2 instance instance NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 5 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 6 generally generally RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 7 diffi diffi JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 8 cult cult NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 9 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 10 identify identify VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 11 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 12 target target NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 13 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 14 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 15 achieve achieve VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 16 specifi specifi VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 17 city city NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 18 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 19 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 20 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 21 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 22 assay assay NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 23 because because IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 24 such such JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 25 identifi identifi NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 26 ed ed NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 27 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 28 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 29 potentially potentially RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 30 affect affect VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 31 multiple multiple JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 32 steps step NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 33 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 34 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 35 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 36 cycles cycle NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 37 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 38 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 39 target target VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 40 both both DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 41 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 42 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 43 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 44 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 143 45 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 1 Although although IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 2 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 3 identifi identifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 4 ed ed NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 5 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 6 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 7 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 8 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 9 assay assay NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 10 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 11 prove prove VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 12 useful useful JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 13 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 14 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 15 drug drug NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 16 candidates candidate NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 17 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 18 these these DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 19 compounds compound NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 20 could could MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 21 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 22 act act VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 23 nonspecifi nonspecifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 24 cally cally RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 25 ; ; : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 26 thus thus RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 27 further further JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 28 elucidation elucidation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 29 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 30 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 31 mechanism mechanism NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 32 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 33 action action NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 34 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 35 required require VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 144 36 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 2 target target NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 3 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 4 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 5 approaches approach NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 6 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 7 highly highly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 8 effi effi JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 9 cient cient NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 10 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 11 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 12 process process NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 13 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 14 however however RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 15 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 16 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 17 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 18 screened screen VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 19 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 20 such such JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 21 method method NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 22 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 23 require require VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 24 further further JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 25 modifi modifi JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 26 cation cation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 27 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 28 effective effective JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 29 cellular cellular JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 30 permeability permeability NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 31 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 32 validation validation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 33 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 34 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 35 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 36 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 37 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 38 selectivity selectivity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 39 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 40 toxicity toxicity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 41 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 42 using use VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 43 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 44 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 45 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 46 assays assay NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 145 47 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 2 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 3 fi fi NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 4 nal nal FW cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 5 stages stage NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 6 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 7 lead lead JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 8 compounds compound NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 9 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 10 selected select VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 11 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 12 in in FW cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 13 vitro vitro FW cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 14 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 15 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 16 vivo vivo FW cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 17 pharmacokinetic pharmacokinetic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 18 profi profi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 19 ling ling NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 20 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 21 including include VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 22 effi effi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 23 cacy cacy NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 24 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 25 plasma plasma NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 26 stability stability NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 28 halflife halflife NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 30 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 31 exposure exposure NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 32 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 33 bioavailability bioavailability NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 34 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 35 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 36 preclinical preclinical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 37 toxicity toxicity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 38 before before IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 39 planning plan VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 40 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 41 clinical clinical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 42 trial trial NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 146 43 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 2 most most RBS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 3 common common JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 4 strategies strategy NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 5 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 6 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 7 drug drug NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 8 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 9 include include VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 10 blocking block VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 11 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 12 attachment attachment NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 13 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 14 entry entry NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 15 into into IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 16 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 17 cells cell NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 18 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 19 inhibiting inhibit VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 20 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 21 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 22 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 23 either either CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 24 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 25 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 26 on on IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 27 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 28 components component NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 29 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 30 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 31 cells cell NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 32 metabolism metabolism VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 147 33 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 1 There there EX cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 2 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 3 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 4 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 5 signifi signifi NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 6 ca can MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 7 nt not RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 8 progress progress VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 9 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 10 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 11 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 12 testing testing NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 13 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 14 potential potential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 15 antivirals antiviral NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 16 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 17 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 18 aviviruses aviviruse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 19 including include VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 20 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 22 reviewed review VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 23 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 25 34 34 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 26 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 27 209 209 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 28 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 29 210 210 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 148 32 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 1 Several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 2 natural natural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 3 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 4 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 5 compounds compound NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 6 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 7 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 8 peptides peptide NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 9 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 10 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 11 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 12 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 13 identifi identifi VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 14 ed ed NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 15 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 16 target target VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 17 both both DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 18 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 19 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 20 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 21 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 22 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 23 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 24 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 25 evaluated evaluate VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 26 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 27 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 28 potential potential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 29 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 30 roles role NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 149 31 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 150 1 Other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 150 2 approaches approach NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 150 3 include include VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 150 4 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 150 5 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 150 6 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 150 7 metabolism metabolism NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 150 8 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 150 9 physiology physiology NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 150 10 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 150 11 modulating modulate VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 150 12 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 150 13 immune immune JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 150 14 system system NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 150 15 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 150 16 using use VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 150 17 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 150 18 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 150 19 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 150 20 potential potential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 150 21 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 150 22 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 150 23 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 150 24 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 151 1 Current current JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 151 2 status status NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 151 3 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 151 4 strategy strategy NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 151 5 used use VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 151 6 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 151 7 develop develop VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 151 8 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 151 9 drugs drug NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 151 10 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 151 11 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 151 12 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 151 13 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 151 14 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 151 15 aviviruses aviviruse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 151 16 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 151 17 described describe VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 151 18 below below RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 151 19 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 152 1 Several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 152 2 natural natural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 152 3 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 152 4 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 152 5 compounds compound NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 152 6 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 152 7 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 152 8 identifi identifi VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 152 9 ed ed NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 152 10 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 152 11 target target VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 152 12 both both DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 152 13 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 152 14 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 152 15 non non JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 152 16 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 152 17 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 152 18 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 152 19 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 152 20 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 152 21 aviviruses aviviruse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 152 22 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 153 1 Most Most JJS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 153 2 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 153 3 these these DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 153 4 compounds compound NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 153 5 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 153 6 designed design VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 153 7 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 153 8 target target VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 153 9 DENV DENV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 153 10 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 153 11 some some DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 153 12 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 153 13 them -PRON- PRP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 153 14 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 153 15 show show VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 153 16 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 153 17 activities activity NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 153 18 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 153 19 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 153 20 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 153 21 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 153 22 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 153 23 aviviruses aviviruse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 153 24 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 154 1 As as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 154 2 these these DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 154 3 compounds compound NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 154 4 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 154 5 diverse diverse JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 154 6 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 154 7 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 154 8 chemistry chemistry NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 154 9 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 154 10 they -PRON- PRP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 154 11 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 154 12 discussed discuss VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 154 13 below below IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 154 14 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 154 15 on on IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 154 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 154 17 modes mode NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 154 18 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 154 19 action action NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 154 20 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 2 E e NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 3 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 5 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 6 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 7 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 8 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 9 aviviruses aviviruse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 10 play play VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 11 key key JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 12 roles role NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 13 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 14 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 15 entry entry NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 16 into into IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 17 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 18 cells cell NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 19 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 20 mediating mediate VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 21 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 22 attachment attachment NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 23 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 24 host host VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 25 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 26 receptors receptor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 27 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 28 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 29 membrane membrane NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 30 fusion fusion NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 32 35 35 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 33 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 34 41 41 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 35 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 36 211 211 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 37 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 38 212 212 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 155 40 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 1 After after IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 2 binding bind VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 3 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 4 host host VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 5 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 6 receptors receptor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 7 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 8 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 9 enters enter VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 10 into into IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 11 cells cell NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 12 through through IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 13 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 14 clathrin clathrin NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 15 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 16 independent independent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 17 endocytosis endocytosis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 18 process process NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 19 followed follow VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 20 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 21 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 22 low low JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 23 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 24 pHdependent pHdependent NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 25 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 26 uncoating uncoate VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 27 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 28 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 29 endosome endosome NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 30 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 31 release release VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 32 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 33 genome genome NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 34 into into IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 35 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 36 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 37 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 38 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 40 213 213 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 156 42 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 157 1 Inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 157 2 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 157 3 disrupt disrupt VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 157 4 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 157 5 interaction interaction NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 157 6 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 157 7 E e NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 157 8 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 157 9 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 157 10 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 157 11 receptors receptor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 157 12 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 157 13 inhibit inhibit VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 157 14 membrane membrane NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 157 15 fusion fusion NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 157 16 would would MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 157 17 be be VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 157 18 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 157 19 potential potential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 157 20 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 157 21 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 157 22 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 157 23 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 1 Two two CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 2 successful successful JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 3 HIV HIV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 4 drug drug NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 5 Maraviroc Maraviroc NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 7 CCR5 CCR5 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 8 antagonist antagonist NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 10 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 11 Enfuvirtide Enfuvirtide NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 13 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 14 peptide peptide JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 15 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 17 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 18 respectively respectively RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 19 block block VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 20 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 21 entry entry NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 23 214 214 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 25 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 26 membrane membrane NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 27 fusion fusion NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 29 215 215 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 31 attest attest RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 32 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 33 this this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 34 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 35 strategy strategy NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 158 36 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 2 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 3 aviviral aviviral NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 4 E E NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 5 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 6 contains contain VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 7 several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 8 functional functional JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 9 sites site NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 10 such such JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 11 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 12 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 13 hydrophobic hydrophobic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 14 pocket pocket NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 15 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 16 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 17 receptor receptor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 18 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 19 binding bind VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 20 domain domain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 21 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 22 stem stem NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 23 domain domain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 24 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 25 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 26 be be VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 27 targeted target VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 28 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 29 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 159 30 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 1 Among among IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 2 these these DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 4 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 5 hydrophobic hydrophobic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 6 ligand ligand NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 7 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 8 binding bind VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 9 pocket pocket NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 10 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 11 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 12 hinge hinge NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 13 region region NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 14 between between IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 15 domain domain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 16 I I NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 17 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 18 II II NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 19 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 20 E E NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 21 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 22 plays play VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 23 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 24 important important JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 25 role role NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 26 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 27 low low JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 28 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 29 pH ph NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 30 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 31 mediated mediate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 32 membrane membrane NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 33 fusion fusion NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 34 process process NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 35 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 36 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 37 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 38 unique unique JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 39 target target NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 40 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 41 developing develop VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 42 smallmolecule smallmolecule JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 43 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 44 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 45 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 46 aviviruses aviviruses NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 47 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 48 216 216 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 49 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 50 217 217 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 160 52 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 1 Various various JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 2 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 3 approaches approach NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 4 were be VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 5 used use VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 6 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 7 identify identify VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 8 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 9 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 10 DENV DENV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 11 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 12 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 13 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 14 aviviruses aviviruse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 15 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 16 bind bind VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 17 into into IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 18 this this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 19 hydrophobic hydrophobic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 20 pocket pocket NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 21 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 22 interfere interfere VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 23 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 24 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 25 conformational conformational JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 26 changes change NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 27 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 28 E e NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 29 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 31 207 207 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 32 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 33 218 218 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 34 -221 -221 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 36 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 37 Most Most JJS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 38 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 39 these these DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 40 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 41 were be VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 42 designed design VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 43 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 44 tested test VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 45 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 46 DENV DENV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 47 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 48 some some DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 49 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 50 which which WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 51 were be VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 52 reported report VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 53 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 54 exhibit exhibit VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 55 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 56 activities activity NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 57 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 58 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 59 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 60 207 207 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 61 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 62 220 220 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 63 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 161 64 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 162 1 However however RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 162 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 162 3 these these DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 162 4 compounds compound NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 162 5 failed fail VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 162 6 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 162 7 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 162 8 further further JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 162 9 drug drug NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 162 10 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 162 11 due due IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 162 12 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 162 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 162 14 undesirable undesirable JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 162 15 properties property NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 162 16 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 162 17 such such JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 162 18 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 162 19 low low JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 162 20 solubility solubility NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 162 21 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 162 22 cytotoxicity cytotoxicity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 162 23 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 2 domain domain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 3 III III NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 5 E e NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 6 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 7 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 8 mediates mediate VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 9 receptor receptor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 10 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 11 binding binding NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 12 can can MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 13 be be VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 14 potentially potentially RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 15 targeted target VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 16 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 17 developing develop VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 18 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 19 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 20 can can MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 21 disrupt disrupt VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 22 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 23 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 24 attachment attachment NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 25 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 26 host host VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 27 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 28 receptors receptor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 163 29 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 164 1 Neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 164 2 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 164 3 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 164 4 E e NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 164 5 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 164 6 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 164 7 proven prove VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 164 8 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 164 9 potential potential NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 164 10 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 164 11 this this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 164 12 strategy strategy NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 164 13 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 165 1 Several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 165 2 compounds compound NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 165 3 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 165 4 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 165 5 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 165 6 shown show VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 165 7 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 165 8 interfere interfere VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 165 9 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 165 10 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 165 11 binding binding NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 165 12 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 165 13 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 165 14 aviviruses aviviruse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 165 15 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 165 16 host host VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 165 17 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 165 18 receptors receptor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 165 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 165 20 222 222 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 165 21 -226 -226 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 165 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 165 23 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 166 1 However however RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 166 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 166 3 lack lack NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 166 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 166 5 understanding understanding NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 166 6 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 166 7 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 166 8 receptor receptor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 166 9 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 166 10 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 166 11 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 166 12 hampered hamper VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 166 13 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 166 14 success success NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 166 15 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 166 16 this this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 166 17 approach approach NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 166 18 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 1 Identifi Identifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 2 cation cation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 3 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 4 cellular cellular JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 5 receptors receptor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 6 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 7 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 8 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 9 understanding understanding NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 10 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 11 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 12 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 13 receptor receptor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 14 interaction interaction NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 15 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 16 provide provide VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 17 new new JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 18 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 19 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 20 identify identify VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 21 small small JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 22 molecule molecule NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 23 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 24 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 25 interrupt interrupt VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 26 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 27 binding binding NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 28 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 29 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 30 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 31 host host VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 32 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 33 receptors receptor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 167 34 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 168 1 Viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 168 2 proteases protease NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 168 3 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 168 4 essential essential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 168 5 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 168 6 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 168 7 life life NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 168 8 cycle cycle NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 168 9 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 168 10 they -PRON- PRP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 168 11 cleave cleave VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 168 12 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 168 13 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 168 14 polyprotein polyprotein JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 168 15 precursors precursor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 168 16 into into IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 168 17 functional functional JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 168 18 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 168 19 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 169 1 Successful successful JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 169 2 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 169 3 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 169 4 licensing licensing NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 169 5 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 169 6 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 169 7 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 169 8 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 169 9 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 169 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 169 11 227 227 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 169 12 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 169 13 228 228 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 169 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 169 15 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 170 1 HCV HCV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 170 2 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 170 3 229 229 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 170 4 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 170 5 230 230 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 170 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 170 7 provides provide VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 170 8 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 170 9 proof proof NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 170 10 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 170 11 concept concept NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 170 12 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 170 13 feasibility feasibility NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 170 14 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 170 15 similar similar JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 170 16 targeting targeting NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 170 17 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 170 18 proteases protease NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 170 19 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 170 20 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 170 21 viruses virus NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 170 22 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 171 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 171 2 N n CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 171 3 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 171 4 terminal terminal NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 171 5 domain domain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 171 6 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 171 7 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 171 8 aviviral aviviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 171 9 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 171 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 171 11 amino amino NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 171 12 acids acid NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 171 13 1 1 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 171 14 - - SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 171 15 169 169 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 171 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 1 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 2 serine serine JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 3 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 4 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 5 whereas whereas IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 6 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 7 hydrophobic hydrophobic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 8 region region NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 9 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 10 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 11 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 12 serves serve VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 13 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 14 cofactor cofactor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 15 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 16 activate activate VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 17 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 18 enzymatic enzymatic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 19 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 20 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 21 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 23 53 53 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 24 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 25 231 231 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 26 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 27 232 232 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 172 29 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 2 NS3 ns3 JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 3 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 5 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 6 processes process VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 7 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 8 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 9 polyprotein polyprotein JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 10 precursor precursor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 11 into into IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 12 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 13 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 14 non non JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 15 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 16 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 17 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 18 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 19 disruption disruption NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 20 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 21 this this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 22 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 23 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 24 lethal lethal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 25 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 26 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 28 54 54 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 29 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 30 57 57 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 173 32 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 174 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 174 2 addition addition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 174 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 174 4 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 174 5 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 174 6 / / SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 174 7 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 174 8 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 174 9 can can MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 174 10 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 174 11 cleave cleave VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 174 12 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 174 13 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 174 14 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 174 15 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 174 16 contribute contribute VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 174 17 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 174 18 neuropathogenesis neuropathogenesis NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 174 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 174 20 63 63 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 174 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 174 22 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 1 Recent recent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 2 progress progress NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 3 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 4 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 5 expression expression NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 6 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 7 stable stable JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 8 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 9 / / SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 10 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 11 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 12 identifi identifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 13 cation cation NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 14 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 15 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 16 highaffi highaffi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 17 nity nity NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 18 substrate substrate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 19 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 20 this this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 21 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 22 enzyme enzyme NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 23 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 24 promoted promote VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 25 large large JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 26 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 27 scale scale NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 28 Dhiraj Dhiraj NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 29 Acharya Acharya NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 30 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 31 Fengwei Fengwei NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 32 Bai Bai NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 33 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 34 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 35 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 36 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 37 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 38 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 39 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 40 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 41 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 42 aviviruses aviviruse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 175 43 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 2 wide wide JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 3 range range NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 5 assays assay NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 6 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 7 such such JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 8 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 9 conventional conventional JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 10 enzyme enzyme NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 11 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 12 substrate substrate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 13 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 14 detection detection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 15 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 16 HPLC HPLC NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 17 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 18 ELISA ELISA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 19 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 20 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 21 high high JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 22 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 23 throughput throughput NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 24 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 25 uorescencebased uorescencebased JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 26 detection detection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 27 methods method NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 28 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 29 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 30 developed develop VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 31 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 32 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 33 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 34 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 35 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 36 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 38 233 233 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 39 -236 -236 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 176 41 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 1 Thus thus RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 3 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 4 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 5 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 6 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 7 attractive attractive JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 8 target target NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 9 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 10 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 11 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 12 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 13 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 14 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 15 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 16 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 17 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 18 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 19 aviviruses aviviruse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 21 reviewed review VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 22 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 24 237 237 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 177 27 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 178 1 Except except IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 178 2 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 178 3 aprotinin aprotinin NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 178 4 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 178 5 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 178 6 pancreatic pancreatic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 178 7 trypsin trypsin NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 178 8 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 178 9 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 178 10 most most JJS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 178 11 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 178 12 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 178 13 classical classical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 178 14 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 178 15 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 178 16 serine serine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 178 17 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 178 18 do do VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 178 19 not not RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 178 20 inhibit inhibit VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 178 21 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 178 22 aviviral aviviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 179 1 NS2B/ NS2B/ NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 179 2 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 179 3 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 179 4 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 179 5 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 179 6 238 238 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 179 7 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 179 8 239 239 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 179 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 179 10 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 1 Although although IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 2 aprotinin aprotinin NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 3 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 4 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 5 potent potent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 6 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 7 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 8 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 9 aviviral aviviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 10 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 11 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 12 this this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 13 compound compound NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 14 was be VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 15 withdrawn withdraw VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 16 from from IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 17 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 18 market market NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 19 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 20 2008 2008 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 21 due due IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 22 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 23 safety safety NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 24 issues issue NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 26 240 240 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 180 28 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 181 1 To to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 181 2 screen screen VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 181 3 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 181 4 identify identify VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 181 5 small small JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 181 6 molecule molecule NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 181 7 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 181 8 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 181 9 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 181 10 avivirus avivirus NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 181 11 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 181 12 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 181 13 both both DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 181 14 high high JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 181 15 throughput throughput NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 181 16 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 181 17 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 181 18 structure structure NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 181 19 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 181 20 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 181 21 drug drug NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 181 22 designing designing NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 181 23 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 181 24 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 181 25 used use VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 181 26 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 1 These these DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 2 strategies strategy NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 3 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 4 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 5 on on IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 6 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 7 identifi identifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 8 cation cation NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 9 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 10 allosteric allosteric JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 11 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 12 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 13 target target VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 14 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 15 interface interface NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 16 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 17 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 18 - - : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 19 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 20 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 21 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 22 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 23 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 24 active active JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 25 site site NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 26 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 27 NS3 ns3 DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 28 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 182 29 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 183 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 183 2 former former JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 183 3 strategy strategy NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 183 4 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 183 5 overcome overcome VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 183 6 nonspecifi nonspecifi JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 183 7 city city NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 183 8 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 183 9 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 183 10 latter latter JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 183 11 due due IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 183 12 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 183 13 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 183 14 largely largely RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 183 15 conserved conserved JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 183 16 active active JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 183 17 sites site NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 183 18 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 183 19 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 183 20 human human JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 183 21 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 183 22 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 183 23 serine serine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 183 24 proteinases proteinase NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 183 25 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 184 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 184 2 number number NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 184 3 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 184 4 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 184 5 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 184 6 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 185 1 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 185 2 / / , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 185 3 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 185 4 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 185 5 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 185 6 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 185 7 identifi identifi VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 185 8 ed ed NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 185 9 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 185 10 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 185 11 silico silico NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 185 12 docking docking NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 185 13 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 185 14 high high JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 185 15 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 185 16 throughput throughput NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 185 17 screen screen NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 185 18 using use VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 186 1 in in FW cord-341050-hnuogpqn 186 2 vitro vitro FW cord-341050-hnuogpqn 186 3 enzyme enzyme NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 186 4 activitybased activitybase VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 186 5 assays assay NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 186 6 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 186 7 34 34 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 186 8 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 186 9 59 59 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 186 10 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 186 11 206 206 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 186 12 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 186 13 241 241 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 186 14 -249 -249 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 186 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 186 16 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 187 1 However however RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 187 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 187 3 most most JJS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 187 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 187 5 these these DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 187 6 compounds compound NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 187 7 failed fail VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 187 8 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 187 9 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 187 10 potent potent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 187 11 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 187 12 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 187 13 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 187 14 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 187 15 culture culture NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 187 16 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 1 Although although IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 2 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 3 few few JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 4 compounds compound NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 5 identifi identifi NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 6 ed ed NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 7 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 8 these these DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 9 approaches approach NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 10 show show VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 11 anti anti JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 12 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 13 WNV wnv JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 14 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 15 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 16 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 17 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 18 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 19 assays assay NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 21 62 62 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 22 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 23 206 206 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 24 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 25 242 242 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 27 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 28 none none NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 29 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 30 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 31 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 32 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 33 progressed progress VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 34 beyond beyond IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 35 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 36 hit hit NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 37 optimization optimization NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 38 stage stage NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 188 39 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 1 Discovery discovery NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 2 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 3 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 4 / / SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 5 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 6 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 7 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 8 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 9 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 10 hampered hamper VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 11 largely largely RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 12 due due JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 13 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 14 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 15 diffi diffi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 16 culties cultie NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 17 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 18 obtaining obtain VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 19 co co JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 20 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 21 crystal crystal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 22 structures structure NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 23 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 24 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 25 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 26 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 27 complexes complex NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 189 28 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 3 because because IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 5 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 6 weak weak JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 7 binding bind VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 8 affi affi FW cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 9 nity nity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 10 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 11 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 12 / / SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 13 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 14 active active JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 15 site site NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 16 due due IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 17 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 18 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 19 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 20 at at IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 21 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 22 charged charge VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 23 nature nature NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 24 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 25 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 26 design design NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 27 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 28 potent potent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 29 small small JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 30 molecule molecule NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 31 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 32 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 33 structurebased structurebase VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 34 method method NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 35 becomes become VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 36 diffi diffi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 37 cult cult NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 39 53 53 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 40 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 41 242 242 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 42 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 43 250 250 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 44 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 45 251 251 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 190 47 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 191 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 191 2 helicases helicase NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 191 3 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 191 4 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 191 5 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 191 6 unwind unwind VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 191 7 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 191 8 acid acid NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 191 9 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 191 10 using use VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 191 11 energy energy NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 191 12 derived derive VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 191 13 from from IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 191 14 hydrolysis hydrolysis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 191 15 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 191 16 NTP NTP NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 191 17 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 2 C c NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 3 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 4 terminal terminal NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 5 domain domain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 6 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 7 NS3 ns3 DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 8 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 9 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 10 contains contain VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 11 helicase helicase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 12 / / SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 13 nuclease nuclease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 14 activities activity NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 15 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 16 plays play VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 17 important important JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 18 roles role NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 19 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 20 virulence virulence NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 21 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 22 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 24 252 252 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 25 -254 -254 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 192 27 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 1 High high JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 2 throughput throughput NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 3 assays assay NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 4 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 5 measure measure VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 6 helicase helicase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 7 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 8 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 9 monitoring monitor VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 10 helicase helicase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 11 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 12 catalyzed catalyze VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 13 strand strand NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 14 separation separation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 15 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 16 real real JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 17 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 18 time time NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 19 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 20 using use VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 21 radioactive radioactive JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 22 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 23 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 24 uorescent uorescent RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 25 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 26 labeled label VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 27 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 28 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 29 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 30 developed develop VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 31 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 32 screen screen NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 33 helicase helicase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 34 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 36 255 255 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 37 -258 -258 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 193 39 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 194 1 Several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 194 2 small small JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 194 3 molecule molecule NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 194 4 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 194 5 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 194 6 helicase helicase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 194 7 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 194 8 HCV HCV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 194 9 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 194 10 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 194 11 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 194 12 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 194 13 developed develop VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 194 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 194 15 259 259 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 194 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 194 17 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 1 By by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 2 using use VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 3 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 4 substratebased substratebased JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 5 assay assay NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 6 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 7 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 8 few few JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 9 compounds compound NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 10 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 11 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 12 identifi identifi VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 13 ed ed NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 14 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 15 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 16 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 17 vitro vitro FW cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 18 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 19 NTPases NTPases NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 20 / / SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 21 helicases helicase NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 22 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 23 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 24 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 25 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 26 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 27 aviviruses aviviruse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 29 260 260 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 30 -262 -262 NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 195 32 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 196 1 However however RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 196 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 196 3 inhibitory inhibitory JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 196 4 effects effect NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 196 5 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 196 6 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 196 7 helicase helicase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 196 8 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 196 9 these these DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 196 10 compounds compound NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 196 11 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 196 12 specifi specifi VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 196 13 c c NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 196 14 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 196 15 either either CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 196 16 DNA DNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 196 17 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 196 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 196 19 substrate substrate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 196 20 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 1 For for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 2 example example NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 4 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 5 compound compound NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 6 named name VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 7 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 8 NS3 NS3 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 9 Helicase Helicase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 10 / / SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 11 Nuclease Nuclease NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 12 Inhibitors Inhibitors NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 13 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 14 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 15 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 16 Approaches Approaches NNPS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 17 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 18 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 19 268 268 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 21 TBBT TBBT NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 23 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 24 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 25 halogenated halogenate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 26 benzotriazole benzotriazole NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 27 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 28 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 29 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 30 helicase helicase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 31 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 32 but but CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 33 not not RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 34 NTPase NTPase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 35 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 37 260 260 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 197 39 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 2 series series NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 3 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 4 ring ring NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 5 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 6 expanded expand VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 7 nucleoside/ nucleoside/ CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 8 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 9 analogs analog NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 11 RENs ren NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 13 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 14 inhibit inhibit VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 15 NTPases ntpase NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 16 / / SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 17 helicases helicase NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 18 activities activity NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 19 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 20 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 21 aviviruses aviviruses NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 22 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 23 including include VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 24 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 25 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 26 HCV HCV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 27 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 28 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 29 JEV JEV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 31 263 263 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 32 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 33 264 264 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 35 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 36 however however RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 37 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 38 these these DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 39 compounds compound NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 40 did do VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 41 not not RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 42 show show VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 43 any any DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 44 promising promising JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 45 anti anti JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 46 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 47 WNV wnv JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 48 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 49 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 50 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 51 culture culture NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 198 52 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 199 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 199 2 nucleoside nucleoside NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 199 3 analog analog NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 199 4 imidazo[4,5-d]pyridazine imidazo[4,5-d]pyridazine PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 199 5 nucleosides nucleoside VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 199 6 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 199 7 265 265 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 199 8 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 199 9 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 199 10 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 199 11 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 199 12 broad broad JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 199 13 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 199 14 spectrum spectrum NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 199 15 antiparasitic antiparasitic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 199 16 drug drug NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 199 17 named name VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 199 18 ivermectin ivermectin NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 199 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 199 20 266 266 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 199 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 200 1 inhibit inhibit NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 200 2 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 200 3 helicase helicase VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 200 4 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 200 5 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 200 6 show show VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 200 7 anti anti JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 200 8 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 200 9 WNV wnv JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 200 10 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 200 11 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 200 12 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 200 13 culture culture NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 200 14 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 3 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 4 dependent dependent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 6 polymerase polymerase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 8 RdRp RdRp NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 10 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 11 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 12 C c NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 13 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 14 terminal terminal NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 15 NS5 ns5 JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 16 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 17 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 18 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 19 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 20 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 21 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 22 aviviruses aviviruses NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 23 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 24 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 25 attractive attractive JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 26 target target NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 27 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 28 developing develop VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 29 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 30 agents agent NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 32 55 55 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 33 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 34 267 267 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 35 -269 -269 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 201 37 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 202 1 Two two CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 202 2 approaches approach NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 202 3 used use VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 202 4 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 202 5 target target VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 202 6 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 202 7 RdRp RdRp NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 203 1 include include VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 203 2 nucleoside nucleoside NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 203 3 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 203 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 203 5 NIs NIs NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 203 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 203 7 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 203 8 non non JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 203 9 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 203 10 nucleosides nucleosides JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 203 11 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 203 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 203 13 NNIs nni NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 203 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 203 15 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 1 NIs NIs NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 3 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 4 known know VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 5 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 6 type type NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 7 1 1 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 8 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 10 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 11 nucleoside nucleoside NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 12 / / SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 13 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 14 analogs analog NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 15 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 16 target target VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 17 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 18 active active JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 19 sites site NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 20 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 21 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 22 polymerase polymerase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 23 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 24 generally generally RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 25 compete compete VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 26 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 27 natural natural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 28 NTP NTP NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 29 substrates substrate NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 30 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 31 RdRp RdRp NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 32 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 33 block block VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 34 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 35 incorporation incorporation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 36 into into IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 37 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 38 genome genome NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 39 during during IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 40 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 41 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 42 lead lead VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 43 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 44 incomplete incomplete JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 45 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 46 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 47 mutations mutation NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 48 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 49 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 50 genome genome NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 204 51 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 2 success success NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 3 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 4 NIs NIs NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 5 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 6 several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 7 viruses virus NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 8 including include VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 9 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 10 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 11 herpesviruses herpesviruses NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 12 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 13 HBV HBV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 14 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 15 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 16 HCV HCV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 17 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 18 already already RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 19 proved prove VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 20 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 21 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 22 potential potential NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 23 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 24 this this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 25 class class NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 26 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 27 compounds compound NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 29 270 270 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 30 -272 -272 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 205 32 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 206 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 206 2 addition addition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 206 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 206 4 NI NI NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 206 5 generally generally RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 206 6 displays display VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 206 7 broad broad JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 206 8 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 206 9 spectrum spectrum NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 206 10 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 206 11 activities activity NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 206 12 across across IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 206 13 related relate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 206 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 206 15 viruses virus NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 206 16 suggesting suggest VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 206 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 206 18 potential potential NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 206 19 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 206 20 pan pan NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 206 21 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 206 22 fl fl JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 206 23 aviviral aviviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 206 24 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 206 25 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 1 Various various JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 2 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 3 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 4 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 5 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 6 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 7 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 8 free free JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 9 assays assay NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 10 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 11 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 12 developed develop VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 13 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 14 high high JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 15 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 16 throughput throughput NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 17 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 18 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 19 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 20 aviviral aviviral NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 21 RdRp RdRp NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 22 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 24 273 273 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 25 -276 -276 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 207 27 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 208 1 So so RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 208 2 far far RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 208 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 208 4 several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 208 5 NIs ni NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 208 6 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 208 7 inhibit inhibit VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 208 8 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 208 9 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 208 10 DENV DENV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 208 11 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 208 12 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 208 13 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 208 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 208 15 viruses virus NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 208 16 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 208 17 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 208 18 identifi identifi VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 208 19 ed ed NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 208 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 208 21 34 34 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 208 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 208 23 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 1 For for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 2 example example NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 4 favipiravir favipiravir NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 6 T-705 t-705 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 7 ; ; : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 8 6-fl 6-fl CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 9 uoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarboxamide uoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarboxamide JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 11 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 12 related related JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 13 compounds compound NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 14 selectively selectively RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 15 inhibit inhibit VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 16 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 17 RNA rna NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 18 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 19 dependent dependent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 20 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 21 polymerase polymerase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 22 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 23 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 24 potent potent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 25 anti anti JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 26 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 27 infl infl JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 28 uenza uenza NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 29 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 31 277 277 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 32 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 33 278 278 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 209 35 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 210 1 This this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 210 2 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 210 3 drug drug NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 210 4 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 210 5 currently currently RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 210 6 being be VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 210 7 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 210 8 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 210 9 clinical clinical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 210 10 trials trial NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 210 11 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 210 12 infl infl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 210 13 uenza uenza NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 210 14 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 210 15 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 2 addition addition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 4 favipiravir favipiravir NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 5 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 6 blocks block VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 7 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 8 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 9 many many JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 10 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 12 viruses virus NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 13 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 14 including include VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 15 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 16 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 17 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 18 promising promise VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 19 drug drug NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 20 candidate candidate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 21 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 22 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 23 broad broad JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 24 range range NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 25 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 26 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 27 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 28 diseases disease NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 30 279 279 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 211 32 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 1 Two two CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 2 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 3 nucleoside nucleoside NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 4 analogs analog NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 5 called call VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 6 7-deaza-2′-C 7-deaza-2′-c CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 7 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 8 methyl methyl NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 9 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 10 adenosine adenosine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 11 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 12 5-aza-7-deazaguanosine 5-aza-7-deazaguanosine CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 14 ZX-2401 ZX-2401 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 16 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 17 which which WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 18 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 19 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 20 derivatives derivative NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 21 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 22 triphosphates triphosphate NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 23 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 24 2′-C 2′-c CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 25 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 26 methyl methyl NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 27 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 28 adenosine adenosine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 29 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 30 2′-C 2′-c CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 31 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 32 methyl methyl NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 33 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 34 guanosine guanosine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 35 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 36 respectively respectively RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 37 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 38 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 39 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 40 broad broad JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 41 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 42 spectrum spectrum NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 43 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 44 compounds compound NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 45 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 46 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 47 RdRp RdRp NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 48 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 49 inhibit inhibit VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 50 DENV DENV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 51 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 52 HCV HCV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 53 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 54 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 55 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 56 280 280 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 57 -282 -282 NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 58 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 212 59 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 3 two two CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 4 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 5 NI NI NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 6 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 7 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 8 NITD-008 NITD-008 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 10 beta beta NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 11 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 12 D-2′-ethynyl-7-deazaadenosine d-2′-ethynyl-7-deazaadenosine JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 13 triphosphate triphosphate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 15 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 16 NITD203 NITD203 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 18 3′,5′-O 3′,5′-o CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 19 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 20 diisobutyryl-2′-Cacetylene-7-deaza-7-carbamoyladenosine diisobutyryl-2′-cacetylene-7-deaza-7-carbamoyladenosine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 22 inhibit inhibit VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 23 all all DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 24 four four CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 25 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 26 DENV DENV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 27 serotypes serotype NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 28 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 29 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 213 30 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 2 contrast contrast NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 3 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 4 NI NI NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 5 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 6 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 7 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 8 NNI NNI NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 9 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 11 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 12 known know VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 13 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 14 type type NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 15 2 2 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 16 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 18 interfere interfere VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 19 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 20 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 21 function function NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 22 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 23 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 24 polymerase polymerase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 25 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 26 occupying occupy VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 27 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 28 allosteric allosteric JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 29 sites site NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 30 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 31 thus thus RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 32 preventing prevent VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 33 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 34 Dhiraj Dhiraj NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 35 Acharya Acharya NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 36 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 37 Fengwei Fengwei NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 38 Bai Bai NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 39 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 40 synthesis synthesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 214 41 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 1 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 2 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 3 RdRp RdRp NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 4 crystal crystal NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 5 structure structure NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 6 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 7 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 8 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 9 DENV3 DENV3 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 10 revealed reveal VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 11 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 12 cavity cavity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 13 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 14 plays play VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 15 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 16 critical critical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 17 role role NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 18 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 19 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 20 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 21 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 22 suggesting suggest VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 23 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 24 potential potential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 25 target target NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 26 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 27 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 28 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 29 structurebased structurebase VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 30 allosteric allosteric JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 31 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 33 55 55 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 34 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 35 283 283 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 215 37 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 216 1 N n CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 216 2 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 216 3 sulfonylanthranilic sulfonylanthranilic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 216 4 acids acid NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 216 5 derivatives derivative NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 216 6 identifi identifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 216 7 ed ed NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 216 8 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 216 9 high high JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 216 10 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 216 11 throughput throughput NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 216 12 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 216 13 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 216 14 examples example NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 216 15 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 216 16 allosteric allosteric JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 216 17 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 216 18 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 216 19 RdRp RdRp NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 216 20 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 216 21 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 216 22 DENV DENV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 216 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 216 24 284 284 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 216 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 216 26 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 217 1 However however RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 217 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 217 3 these these DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 217 4 compound compound NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 217 5 were be VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 217 6 specifi specifi VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 217 7 c c NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 217 8 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 217 9 DENV DENV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 217 10 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 217 11 did do VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 217 12 not not RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 217 13 show show VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 217 14 any any DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 217 15 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 217 16 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 217 17 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 217 18 RdRp RdRp NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 217 19 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 218 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 218 2 recent recent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 218 3 study study NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 218 4 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 218 5 that that IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 218 6 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 218 7 conformational conformational JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 218 8 change change NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 218 9 occurred occur VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 218 10 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 218 11 DENV-3 denv-3 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 218 12 polymerase polymerase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 218 13 after after IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 218 14 binding bind VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 218 15 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 218 16 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 218 17 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 218 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 218 19 285 285 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 218 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 218 21 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 219 1 However however RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 219 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 219 3 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 219 4 similar similar JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 219 5 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 219 6 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 219 7 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 219 8 NNI NNI NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 219 9 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 219 10 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 219 11 polymerase polymerase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 219 12 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 219 13 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 219 14 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 219 15 not not RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 219 16 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 219 17 reported report VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 219 18 yet yet RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 219 19 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 220 1 Messenger Messenger NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 220 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 220 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 220 4 mRNA mrna NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 220 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 220 6 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 220 7 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 220 8 possesses possess VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 220 9 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 220 10 5′ 5′ CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 220 11 cap cap NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 220 12 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 220 13 plays play VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 220 14 important important JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 220 15 roles role NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 220 16 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 220 17 stability stability NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 220 18 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 220 19 mRNA mrna NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 220 20 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 220 21 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 220 22 translation translation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 220 23 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 2 methyltransferase methyltransferase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 4 MTase MTase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 6 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 7 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 8 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 9 N n CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 10 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 11 terminal terminal NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 12 domain domain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 13 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 14 NS5 NS5 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 15 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 16 responsible responsible JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 17 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 18 N-7 N-7 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 19 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 20 2′ 2′ NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 21 O o NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 22 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 23 methylation methylation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 24 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 25 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 26 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 27 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 28 cap cap NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 30 64 64 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 31 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 32 286 286 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 35 287 287 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 221 37 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 2 addition addition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 4 MTase MTase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 5 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 6 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 7 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 8 responsible responsible JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 9 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 10 evading evade VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 11 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 12 's 's POS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 13 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 14 interferon interferon NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 15 response response NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 16 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 17 plays play VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 18 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 19 important important JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 20 role role NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 21 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 22 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 23 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 25 288 288 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 222 27 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 1 Several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 2 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 3 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 4 functional functional JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 5 studies study NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 6 along along IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 7 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 8 identifi identifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 9 cation cation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 10 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 11 several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 12 potential potential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 13 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 14 suggest suggest VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 15 that that IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 16 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 17 MTase MTase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 18 represents represent VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 19 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 20 novel novel JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 21 approach approach NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 22 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 23 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 24 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 25 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 26 novel novel JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 27 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 28 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 29 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 30 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 31 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 32 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 33 aviviruses aviviruse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 35 289 289 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 36 -294 -294 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 223 38 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 1 Flaviviruses Flaviviruses NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 2 MTase MTase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 3 catalyzes catalyze VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 4 sequential sequential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 5 methylations methylation NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 6 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 7 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 8 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 10 cap cap NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 11 using use VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 12 S s NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 13 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 14 adenosyl adenosyl NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 15 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 16 L l NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 17 -methionine -methionine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 19 SAM SAM NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 21 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 22 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 23 methyl methyl NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 24 donor donor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 25 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 26 contains contain VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 27 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 28 single single JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 29 binding binding NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 30 site site NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 31 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 32 SAM SAM NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 33 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 34 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 35 crystal crystal NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 36 structure structure NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 38 289 289 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 39 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 40 294 294 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 224 42 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 225 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 225 2 addition addition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 225 3 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 225 4 MTase MTase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 225 5 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 225 6 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 225 7 binding bind VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 225 8 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 225 9 GTP GTP NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 225 10 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 225 11 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 225 12 shown show VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 225 13 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 225 14 MTase MTase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 225 15 domain domain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 225 16 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 225 17 several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 225 18 members member NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 225 19 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 225 20 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 225 21 avivirus avivirus NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 225 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 225 23 295 295 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 225 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 225 25 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 1 Several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 2 assays assay NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 3 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 4 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 5 developed develop VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 6 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 7 high high JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 8 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 9 throughput throughput NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 10 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 11 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 12 methyltransferase methyltransferase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 13 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 14 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 15 structural structural NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 16 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 17 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 18 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 19 ligand ligand NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 20 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 21 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 22 methods method NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 24 296 296 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 25 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 26 297 297 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 226 28 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 227 1 Rational rational JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 227 2 design design NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 227 3 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 227 4 SAM SAM NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 227 5 analogs analogs NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 227 6 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 227 7 identifi identifi VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 227 8 ed ed NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 227 9 several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 227 10 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 227 11 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 227 12 MTase MTase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 227 13 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 227 14 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 227 15 DENV DENV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 227 16 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 227 17 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 227 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 227 19 34 34 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 227 20 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 227 21 298 298 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 227 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 227 23 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 228 1 Nonspecifi nonspecifi NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 228 2 c c NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 228 3 inhibition inhibition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 228 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 228 5 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 228 6 MTase MTase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 228 7 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 228 8 one one CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 228 9 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 228 10 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 228 11 potential potential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 228 12 drawbacks drawback NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 228 13 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 228 14 SAM SAM NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 228 15 analogs analog NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 228 16 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 2 specifi specifi NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 3 c c NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 4 inhibition inhibition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 5 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 6 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 7 aviviral aviviral NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 8 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 9 but but CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 10 not not RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 11 host host VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 12 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 13 MTase MTase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 14 can can MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 15 be be VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 16 achieved achieve VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 17 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 18 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 19 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 20 pocket pocket NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 21 near near IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 22 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 23 SAM SAM NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 24 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 25 binding bind VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 26 site site NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 28 290 290 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 29 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 30 298 298 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 229 32 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 230 1 Two two CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 230 2 nucleoside nucleoside NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 230 3 analogs analog NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 230 4 were be VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 230 5 identifi identifi VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 230 6 ed ed NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 230 7 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 230 8 potently potently RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 230 9 inhibited inhibit VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 230 10 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 230 11 MTase MTase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 230 12 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 230 13 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 230 14 without without IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 230 15 inhibiting inhibit VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 230 16 human human JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 230 17 MTase mtase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 230 18 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 231 1 One one CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 231 2 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 231 3 these these DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 231 4 compounds compound NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 231 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 231 6 GRL-003 grl-003 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 231 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 231 8 showed show VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 231 9 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 231 10 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 231 11 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 231 12 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 231 13 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 231 14 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 231 15 culture culture NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 231 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 231 17 299 299 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 231 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 231 19 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 2 addition addition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 4 several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 5 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 6 studies study NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 7 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 8 YFV YFV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 9 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 10 DENV DENV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 11 NS5 NS5 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 12 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 13 identifi identifi VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 14 ed ed NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 15 hits hit NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 16 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 17 MTase MTase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 18 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 19 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 20 some some DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 21 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 22 which which WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 23 showed show VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 24 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 25 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 26 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 27 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 28 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 29 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 30 culture culture NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 32 204 204 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 33 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 34 300 300 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 35 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 36 301 301 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 232 38 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 1 However however RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 3 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 4 extensive extensive JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 5 multistage multistage NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 6 molecular molecular JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 7 docking docking NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 8 approach approach NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 9 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 10 screen screen VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 11 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 12 library library NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 13 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 14 about about RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 15 5 5 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 16 millions million NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 17 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 18 commercial commercial JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 19 compounds compound NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 20 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 21 two two CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 22 active active JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 23 sites site NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 24 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 25 DENV DENV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 26 MTase MTase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 27 / / SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 28 GTase GTase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 29 failed fail VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 30 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 31 identify identify VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 32 any any DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 33 specifi specifi NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 34 c c NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 35 hits hit NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 37 302 302 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 233 39 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 234 1 Recently recently RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 234 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 234 3 5′-silylated 5′-silylated CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 234 4 nucleoside nucleoside NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 234 5 scaffold scaffold NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 234 6 derived derive VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 234 7 from from IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 234 8 3′-azidothymidine 3′-azidothymidine NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 234 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 234 10 AZT AZT NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 234 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 234 12 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 234 13 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 234 14 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 234 15 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 234 16 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 234 17 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 234 18 DENV DENV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 234 19 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 234 20 which which WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 234 21 binds bind VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 234 22 MTase MTase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 234 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 234 24 303 303 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 234 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 234 26 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 1 Several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 2 potential potential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 3 tools tool NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 4 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 5 including include VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 6 rational rational JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 7 design design NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 8 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 9 phase phase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 10 display display NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 11 library library NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 12 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 13 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 14 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 15 developed develop VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 16 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 17 high high JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 18 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 19 throughput throughput NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 20 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 21 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 22 specifi specifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 23 c c NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 24 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 25 peptides peptide NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 27 304 304 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 28 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 29 305 305 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 235 31 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 1 Enfuvirtide Enfuvirtide NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 3 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 4 36-aminoacid 36-aminoacid CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 5 peptide peptide NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 6 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 7 on on IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 8 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 9 stem stem NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 10 region region NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 11 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 12 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 13 HIV HIV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 14 gp41 gp41 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 15 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 16 exemplifi exemplifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 17 es es NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 18 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 19 effi effi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 20 cient cient NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 21 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 22 peptide peptide NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 23 currently currently RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 24 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 25 clinical clinical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 26 use use NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 28 306 306 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 236 30 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 237 1 Thus thus RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 237 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 237 3 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 237 4 peptides peptide NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 237 5 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 237 6 serve serve VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 237 7 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 237 8 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 237 9 novel novel JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 237 10 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 237 11 measure measure NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 237 12 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 237 13 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 237 14 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 238 1 Several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 238 2 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 238 3 peptides peptide NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 238 4 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 238 5 both both DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 238 6 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 238 7 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 238 8 non non JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 238 9 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 238 10 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 238 11 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 238 12 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 238 13 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 238 14 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 238 15 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 238 16 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 238 17 avivirus avivirus NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 238 18 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 238 19 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 238 20 identifi identifi VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 238 21 ed ed NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 238 22 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 239 1 Targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 239 2 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 239 3 E e NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 239 4 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 239 5 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 239 6 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 239 7 peptides peptide NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 239 8 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 239 9 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 239 10 potential potential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 239 11 strategy strategy NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 239 12 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 239 13 blocks block VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 239 14 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 239 15 attachment attachment NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 239 16 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 239 17 entry entry NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 239 18 into into IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 239 19 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 239 20 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 239 21 cells cell NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 239 22 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 1 Several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 2 short short JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 3 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 4 peptides peptide NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 6 13 13 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 7 - - SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 8 16 16 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 9 amino amino NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 10 acid acid NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 11 residuals residual NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 13 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 14 bind bind VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 15 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 16 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 17 E E NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 18 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 19 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 20 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 21 identifi identifi VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 22 ed ed NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 23 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 24 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 25 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 26 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 27 murine murine JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 28 brain brain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 29 cDNA cdna NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 30 phage phage NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 31 display display NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 32 library library NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 34 307 307 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 240 36 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 241 1 One one CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 241 2 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 241 3 those those DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 241 4 peptides peptide NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 241 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 241 6 P9 p9 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 241 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 241 8 reduces reduce VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 241 9 viremia viremia NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 241 10 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 241 11 fatality fatality NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 241 12 after after IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 241 13 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 241 14 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 241 15 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 241 16 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 241 17 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 242 1 P9 p9 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 242 2 can can MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 242 3 effi effi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 242 4 ciently ciently RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 242 5 penetrate penetrate VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 242 6 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 242 7 murine murine JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 242 8 blood blood NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 242 9 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 242 10 brain brain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 242 11 barrier barrier NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 242 12 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 242 13 implying imply VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 242 14 that that IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 242 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 242 16 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 242 17 have have VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 242 18 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 242 19 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 242 20 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 242 21 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 242 22 CNS CNS NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 242 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 242 24 307 307 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 242 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 242 26 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 3 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 4 peptide peptide JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 5 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 7 WN83 WN83 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 9 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 10 domain domain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 11 II ii CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 12 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 13 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 14 E E NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 15 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 16 designed design VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 17 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 18 using use VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 19 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 20 physicochemical physicochemical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 21 algorithm algorithm NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 22 approach approach NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 23 potently potently RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 24 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 25 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 26 infectivity infectivity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 28 308 308 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 243 30 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 244 1 Another another DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 244 2 peptide peptide NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 244 3 designed design VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 244 4 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 244 5 target target VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 244 6 domain domain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 244 7 II ii CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 244 8 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 244 9 DENV DENV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 244 10 E E NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 244 11 shows show VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 244 12 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 244 13 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 244 14 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 244 15 both both CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 244 16 DENV DENV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 244 17 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 244 18 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 244 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 244 20 308 308 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 244 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 244 22 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 2 addition addition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 4 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 5 rational rational JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 6 drug drug NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 7 design design NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 8 approach approach NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 9 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 10 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 11 used use VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 12 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 13 identify identify VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 14 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 15 peptidomimetic peptidomimetic NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 16 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 17 mimic mimic VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 18 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 19 / / SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 20 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 21 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 22 substrate substrate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 23 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 24 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 25 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 26 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 245 27 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 2 mechanism mechanism NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 3 proposed propose VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 4 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 5 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 6 peptidomimetic peptidomimetic NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 7 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 8 that that DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 9 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 10 / / , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 11 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 12 cleaves cleave VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 13 between between IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 14 P p NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 15 1 1 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 16 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 17 P p NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 18 1 1 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 19 ′ ′ CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 20 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 21 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 22 peptide peptide NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 23 substrate substrate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 24 consisting consist VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 25 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 26 P p NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 27 2 2 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 28 P p NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 29 1 1 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 30 P p NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 31 1 1 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 32 ′ ′ CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 33 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 34 where where WRB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 35 P p NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 36 1 1 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 37 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 38 P p NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 39 2 2 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 40 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 41 basic basic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 42 amino amino NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 43 acids acid NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 45 Arg Arg NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 46 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 47 Lys Lys NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 246 49 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 247 1 P1′ P1′ NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 247 2 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 247 3 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 247 4 side side NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 247 5 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 247 6 chain chain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 247 7 amino amino NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 247 8 acid acid NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 247 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 247 10 Gly Gly NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 247 11 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 247 12 Ser Ser NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 247 13 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 247 14 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 247 15 Ala Ala NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 247 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 248 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 248 2 56 56 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 248 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 248 4 231 231 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 248 5 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 248 6 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 249 1 Thus thus RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 249 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 249 3 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 249 4 preferred preferred JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 249 5 peptide peptide NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 249 6 substrate substrate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 249 7 contains contain VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 249 8 several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 249 9 positively positively RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 249 10 charged charge VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 249 11 amino amino NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 249 12 acids acid NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 249 13 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 2 common common JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 3 method method NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 4 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 5 screening screen VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 6 peptide peptide JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 7 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 8 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 9 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 10 / / SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 11 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 12 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 13 employs employ VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 14 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 15 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 16 uorophore uorophore NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 17 conjugated conjugate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 18 peptide peptide NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 19 substrate substrate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 20 containing contain VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 21 basic basic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 22 amino amino NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 23 acids acid NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 24 at at IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 25 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 26 P1 P1 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 27 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 28 P2 P2 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 29 positions position NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 250 30 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 251 1 Cleavage cleavage NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 251 2 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 251 3 peptide peptide NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 251 4 substrate substrate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 251 5 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 252 1 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 252 2 / / , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 252 3 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 252 4 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 252 5 results result NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 252 6 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 252 7 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 252 8 release release NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 252 9 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 252 10 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 252 11 uorophore uorophore NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 252 12 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 252 13 increase increase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 252 14 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 252 15 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 252 16 uorescence uorescence NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 252 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 252 18 242 242 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 252 19 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 252 20 243 243 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 252 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 252 22 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 253 1 Several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 253 2 peptide peptide NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 253 3 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 253 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 253 5 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 253 6 / / SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 253 7 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 253 8 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 253 9 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 253 10 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 253 11 identifi identifi VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 253 12 ed ed NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 253 13 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 253 14 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 253 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 253 16 62 62 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 253 17 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 253 18 309 309 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 253 19 -311 -311 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 253 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 253 21 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 254 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 254 2 novel novel NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 254 3 agmatine agmatine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 254 4 dipeptide dipeptide NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 254 5 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 254 6 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 254 7 improved improved JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 254 8 inhibitory inhibitory JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 254 9 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 254 10 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 254 11 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 254 12 NS2B/ NS2B/ NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 254 13 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 254 14 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 254 15 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 254 16 recently recently RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 254 17 identifi identifi VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 254 18 ed ed NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 254 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 254 20 309 309 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 254 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 254 22 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 255 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 255 2 addition addition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 255 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 255 4 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 255 5 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 255 6 peptide peptide NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 255 7 called call VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 255 8 retrocyclin-1 retrocyclin-1 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 255 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 255 10 RC-1 RC-1 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 255 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 255 12 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 255 13 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 255 14 shown show VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 255 15 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 255 16 inhibit inhibit VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 255 17 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 255 18 / / , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 255 19 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 255 20 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 255 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 255 22 312 312 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 255 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 255 24 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 1 However however RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 3 most most JJS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 5 these these DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 6 peptides peptide NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 7 showed show VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 8 poor poor JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 9 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 10 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 11 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 12 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 13 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 14 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 15 assay assay NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 16 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 17 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 18 not not RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 19 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 20 tested test VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 21 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 23 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 24 vivo vivo FW cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 25 effi effi FW cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 26 cacy cacy NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 256 27 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 257 1 Thus thus RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 257 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 257 3 all all DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 257 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 257 5 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 257 6 peptide peptide JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 257 7 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 257 8 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 257 9 NS2B/ NS2B/ NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 257 10 NS3 NS3 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 257 11 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 257 12 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 257 13 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 257 14 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 257 15 identifi identifi VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 257 16 ed ed NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 257 17 so so RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 257 18 far far RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 257 19 failed fail VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 257 20 at at IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 257 21 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 257 22 early early JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 257 23 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 257 24 stages stage NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 257 25 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 1 Potential potential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 2 limitations limitation NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 3 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 4 this this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 5 approach approach NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 6 include include VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 7 poor poor JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 8 pharmacokinetic pharmacokinetic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 9 properties property NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 10 due due JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 11 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 12 charged charge VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 13 nature nature NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 14 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 15 peptide peptide NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 16 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 17 lack lack NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 18 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 19 specifi specifi NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 20 city city NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 21 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 22 requirement requirement NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 23 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 24 intravenous intravenous JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 25 delivery delivery NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 26 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 27 rapid rapid JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 28 degradation degradation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 29 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 30 plasma plasma NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 31 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 32 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 33 costly costly JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 34 production production NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 258 35 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 259 1 Dhiraj Dhiraj NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 259 2 Acharya Acharya NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 259 3 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 259 4 Fengwei Fengwei NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 259 5 Bai Bai NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 259 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 259 7 interference interference NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 259 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 259 9 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 259 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 259 11 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 259 12 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 259 13 cellular cellular JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 259 14 process process NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 260 1 fi fi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 260 2 rst rst NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 260 3 described describe VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 260 4 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 260 5 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 260 6 nematode nematode NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 260 7 Caenorhabditis Caenorhabditis NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 260 8 elegans elegan NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 260 9 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 260 10 313 313 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 260 11 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 260 12 314 314 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 260 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 260 14 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 261 1 This this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 261 2 process process NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 261 3 specifically specifically RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 261 4 degrades degrade VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 261 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 261 6 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 261 7 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 261 8 sequence sequence NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 261 9 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 261 10 specifi specifi VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 261 11 c c NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 261 12 manner manner NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 261 13 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 261 14 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 261 15 conserved conserve VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 261 16 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 261 17 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 261 18 cells cell NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 261 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 261 20 315 315 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 261 21 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 261 22 316 316 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 261 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 261 24 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 262 1 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 262 2 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 262 3 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 262 4 natural natural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 262 5 defense defense NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 262 6 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 262 7 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 262 8 cells cell NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 262 9 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 262 10 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 262 11 infections infection NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 262 12 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 262 13 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 262 14 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 262 15 be be VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 262 16 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 262 17 promising promising JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 262 18 strategy strategy NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 262 19 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 262 20 developing develop VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 262 21 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 262 22 potential potential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 262 23 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 262 24 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 262 25 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 1 Numerous numerous JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 2 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 3 targets target NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 4 were be VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 5 identifi identifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 6 ed ed NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 7 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 8 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 9 genomic genomic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 10 region region NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 11 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 12 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 13 encoding encode VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 14 both both CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 15 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 16 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 17 non non JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 18 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 19 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 20 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 21 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 22 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 23 siRNA sirna NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 24 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 25 these these DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 26 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 27 effectively effectively RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 28 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 29 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 30 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 32 191 191 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 33 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 34 317 317 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 35 -321 -321 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 263 37 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 1 Besides besides IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 2 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 3 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 4 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 5 coding code VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 6 regions region NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 7 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 8 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 9 that that IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 10 targets target VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 11 noncoding noncoding JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 12 regions region NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 13 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 14 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 15 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 16 identifi identifi VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 17 ed ed NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 18 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 19 inhibit inhibit VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 20 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 21 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 22 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 23 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 24 sequence sequence NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 25 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 26 specifi specifi VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 27 c c NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 28 manner manner NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 30 191 191 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 264 32 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 1 Although although IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 2 anti anti JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 3 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 4 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 5 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 6 effi effi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 7 ciently ciently RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 8 block block VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 9 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 10 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 11 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 12 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 13 cultures culture NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 14 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 15 similar similar JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 16 successes success NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 17 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 18 diffi diffi JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 19 cult cult NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 20 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 21 achieve achieve VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 22 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 23 animal animal NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 24 models model NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 26 191 191 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 265 28 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 1 Quick quick JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 2 degradation degradation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 3 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 4 serum serum NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 5 nucleases nuclease NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 6 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 7 failure failure NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 8 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 9 reach reach VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 10 target target NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 11 cells cell NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 12 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 13 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 14 rapid rapid JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 15 renal renal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 16 excretion excretion NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 17 due due IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 18 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 20 small small JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 21 size size NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 22 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 23 anionic anionic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 24 character character NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 25 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 26 hindering hinder VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 27 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 28 clinical clinical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 29 application application NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 30 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 31 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 32 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 266 33 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 1 Several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 2 delivery delivery NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 3 systems system NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 4 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 5 including include VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 6 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 7 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 8 penetrating penetrate VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 9 peptide peptide NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 11 322 322 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 12 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 13 323 323 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 15 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 16 nanoparticles nanoparticle NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 18 324 324 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 19 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 20 325 325 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 22 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 23 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 24 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 25 vectors vector NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 27 326 326 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 29 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 30 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 31 improve improve VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 32 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 33 stability stability NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 34 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 35 enhance enhance VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 36 delivery delivery NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 37 effi effi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 38 ciency ciency NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 267 39 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 268 1 Despite despite IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 268 2 many many JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 268 3 challenges challenge NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 268 4 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 268 5 use use NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 268 6 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 268 7 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 268 8 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 268 9 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 268 10 anti anti JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 268 11 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 268 12 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 268 13 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 268 14 remains remain VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 268 15 promising promising JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 268 16 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 269 1 Cytokines cytokine NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 269 2 signaling signal VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 269 3 controls control NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 269 4 diverse diverse JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 269 5 immune immune JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 269 6 functions function NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 269 7 during during IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 269 8 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 269 9 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 269 10 autoimmune autoimmune JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 269 11 disease disease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 269 12 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 269 13 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 269 14 cancer cancer NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 269 15 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 270 1 Various various JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 270 2 immunomodulatory immunomodulatory NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 270 3 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 270 4 immunostimulatory immunostimulatory NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 270 5 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 270 6 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 270 7 chemokines chemokine NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 270 8 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 270 9 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 270 10 identifi identifi VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 270 11 ed ed NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 270 12 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 270 13 play play VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 270 14 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 270 15 protective protective JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 270 16 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 270 17 pathological pathological JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 270 18 role role NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 270 19 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 270 20 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 270 21 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 270 22 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 1 For for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 2 examples example NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 4 type type NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 5 - - : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 6 I -PRON- PRP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 7 interferons interferon NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 9 IFNs IFNs NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 12 327 327 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 13 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 14 328 328 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 16 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 17 interleukin interleukin FW cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 19 IL)-23 il)-23 JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 21 192 192 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 23 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 24 interferon interferon NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 25 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 26 γ γ NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 28 IFN IFN NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 29 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 30 γ γ NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 33 83 83 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 35 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 36 IL-1β il-1β ADD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 38 329 329 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 40 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 41 macrophage macrophage NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 42 migration migration NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 43 inhibitory inhibitory JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 44 factor factor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 46 MIF MIF NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 49 330 330 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 51 , , . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 52 CXCL10 CXCL10 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 53 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 54 331 331 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 55 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 56 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 57 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 58 CCL5 CCL5 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 59 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 60 332 332 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 61 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 62 333 333 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 63 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 64 protect protect VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 65 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 66 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 67 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 68 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 69 whereas whereas IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 70 IL-10 IL-10 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 71 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 72 190 190 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 73 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 74 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 75 IL-22 IL-22 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 76 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 77 334 334 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 78 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 79 favor favor VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 80 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 81 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 271 82 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 272 1 Pharmacological pharmacological JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 272 2 blockade blockade NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 272 3 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 272 4 IL-10 IL-10 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 272 5 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 272 6 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 272 7 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 272 8 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 272 9 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 272 10 shown show VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 272 11 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 272 12 protect protect VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 272 13 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 272 14 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 272 15 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 272 16 challenge challenge NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 272 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 272 18 190 190 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 272 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 272 20 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 1 Type type NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 2 I -PRON- PRP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 3 IFNs ifns NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 5 IFNα IFNα NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 6 / / SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 7 β β NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 9 inhibit inhibit VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 10 many many JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 11 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 12 aviviruses aviviruse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 13 including include VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 14 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 15 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 16 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 17 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 18 used use VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 19 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 20 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 21 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 22 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 23 C C NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 24 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 26 335 335 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 273 28 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 1 Although although IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 2 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 3 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 4 effect effect NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 5 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 6 type type NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 7 I -PRON- PRP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 8 IFNs ifns VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 9 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 10 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 11 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 12 yet yet RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 13 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 14 be be VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 15 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 16 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 18 application application NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 19 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 20 be be VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 21 limited limit VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 22 due due IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 23 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 24 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 25 antagonistic antagonistic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 26 role role NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 27 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 28 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 29 NS5 ns5 JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 30 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 31 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 32 IFN IFN NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 33 signaling signal VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 35 336 336 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 36 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 37 337 337 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 274 39 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 3 treatment treatment NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 4 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 5 pegylated pegylated JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 6 IFN IFN NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 7 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 8 λ λ NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 9 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 10 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 11 known know VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 12 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 13 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 14 type type NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 15 III iii CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 16 interferon interferon NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 17 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 18 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 19 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 20 recently recently RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 21 shown show VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 22 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 23 protect protect VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 24 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 25 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 26 lethal lethal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 27 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 28 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 29 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 30 decreasing decrease VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 31 blood blood NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 32 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 33 brain brain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 34 barrier barrier NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 35 permeability permeability NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 37 338 338 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 275 39 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 1 Thus thus RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 3 strategies strategy NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 4 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 5 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 6 expression expression NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 7 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 8 cytokine cytokine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 9 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 10 chemokine chemokine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 11 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 12 blocking block VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 14 signaling signaling NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 15 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 16 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 17 direct direct JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 18 use use NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 19 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 20 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 21 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 22 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 23 be be VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 24 novel novel JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 25 approaches approach NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 26 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 27 treating treat VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 28 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 29 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 30 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 31 controlling control VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 32 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 33 pathology pathology NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 276 34 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 277 1 Viruses virus NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 277 2 utilize utilize VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 277 3 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 277 4 cellular cellular JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 277 5 system system NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 277 6 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 277 7 entry entry NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 277 8 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 277 9 genome genome NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 277 10 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 277 11 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 277 12 transcription transcription NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 277 13 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 277 14 synthesis synthesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 277 15 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 277 16 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 277 17 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 277 18 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 277 19 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 277 20 production production NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 277 21 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 277 22 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 277 23 progenies progeny NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 277 24 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 278 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 278 2 addition addition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 278 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 278 4 interactions interaction NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 278 5 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 278 6 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 278 7 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 278 8 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 278 9 cellular cellular JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 278 10 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 278 11 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 278 12 evade evade VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 278 13 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 278 14 immune immune JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 278 15 defense defense NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 278 16 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 278 17 favor favor VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 278 18 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 278 19 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 278 20 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 278 21 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 278 22 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 1 Several several JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 2 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 3 pathways pathway NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 4 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 5 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 6 including include VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 7 clathrin clathrin NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 8 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 9 mediated mediate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 10 endocytosis endocytosis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 11 cyclophilins cyclophilin NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 13 339 339 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 15 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 16 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 17 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 18 proteasome proteasome VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 19 system system NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 21 340 340 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 23 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 24 unfolded unfold VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 25 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 26 response response NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 28 341 341 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 30 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 31 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 32 biosynthesis biosynthesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 34 342 342 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 35 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 36 343 343 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 38 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 39 post post JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 40 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 41 translational translational JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 42 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 43 modifi modifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 44 cation cation NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 46 344 344 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 47 -346 -346 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 49 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 50 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 51 lipid lipid NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 52 metabolism metabolism NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 53 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 54 347 347 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 55 -349 -349 VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 56 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 57 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 58 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 59 suggested suggest VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 60 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 61 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 62 avivirus avivirus NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 63 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 64 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 65 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 279 66 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 280 1 Targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 280 2 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 280 3 factors factor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 280 4 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 280 5 be be VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 280 6 used use VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 280 7 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 280 8 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 280 9 strategy strategy NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 280 10 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 280 11 developing develop VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 280 12 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 280 13 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 280 14 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 280 15 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 280 16 aviviruses aviviruse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 280 17 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 280 18 including include VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 280 19 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 280 20 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 280 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 280 22 350 350 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 280 23 -352 -352 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 280 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 280 25 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 281 1 So so RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 281 2 far far RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 281 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 281 4 many many JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 281 5 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 281 6 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 281 7 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 281 8 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 281 9 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 281 10 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 281 11 developed develop VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 281 12 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 281 13 tested test VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 281 14 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 281 15 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 281 16 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 281 17 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 281 18 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 281 19 aviviruses aviviruse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 281 20 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 281 21 such such JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 281 22 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 281 23 HCV HCV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 281 24 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 1 Host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 2 cyclophilin cyclophilin NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 4 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 5 family family NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 6 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 7 cellular cellular JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 8 peptidyl peptidyl JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 9 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 10 prolyl prolyl JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 11 isomerases isomerase NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 12 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 13 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 14 serve serve VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 15 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 16 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 17 component component NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 18 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 19 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 20 avivirus avivirus NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 21 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 22 complex complex NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 23 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 24 play play VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 25 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 26 role role NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 27 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 28 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 29 aviviral aviviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 30 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 282 31 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 283 1 Targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 283 2 this this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 283 3 enzyme enzyme NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 283 4 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 283 5 cyclosporine cyclosporine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 283 6 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 283 7 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 283 8 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 283 9 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 283 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 283 11 339 339 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 283 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 283 13 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 1 Targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 2 lipid lipid NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 3 signaling signaling NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 4 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 5 metabolism metabolism NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 6 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 7 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 8 bioactive bioactive JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 9 lipid lipid NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 10 signaling signal VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 11 modulator modulator NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 12 4-hydroxyphenyl 4-hydroxyphenyl CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 13 retinamide retinamide NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 15 4-HPR 4-hpr CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 16 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 17 fenretinide fenretinide NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 19 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 20 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 21 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 22 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 23 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 24 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 25 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 26 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 27 aviviruses aviviruse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 284 28 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 285 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 285 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 285 3 ribavirin ribavirin JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 285 4 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 285 5 mycophenolic mycophenolic NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 285 6 acid acid NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 285 7 target target NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 286 1 inosine inosine NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 286 2 monophosphate monophosphate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 286 3 dehydrogenase dehydrogenase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 286 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 286 5 IMPDH IMPDH NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 286 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 286 7 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 286 8 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 286 9 enzyme enzyme NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 286 10 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 286 11 purine purine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 286 12 biosynthesis biosynthesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 286 13 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 286 14 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 286 15 thereby thereby RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 286 16 inhibit inhibit VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 286 17 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 286 18 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 286 19 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 286 20 aviviruses aviviruses NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 286 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 286 22 342 342 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 286 23 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 286 24 343 343 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 286 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 286 26 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 2 addition addition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 4 NITD-982 nitd-982 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 5 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 6 brequinar brequinar JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 7 that that DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 8 block block VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 9 pyrimidine pyrimidine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 10 biosynthesis biosynthesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 11 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 12 inhibit inhibit VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 13 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 14 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 15 broad broad JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 16 range range NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 17 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 19 viruses virus NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 20 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 21 including include VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 22 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 23 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 24 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 25 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 26 aviviruses aviviruse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 28 353 353 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 29 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 30 354 354 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 287 32 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 1 Besides besides IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 2 blocking block VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 3 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 4 genome genome NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 5 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 6 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 7 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 8 targeting targeting NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 9 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 10 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 11 steps step NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 12 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 13 such such JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 14 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 15 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 16 maturation maturation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 17 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 18 assembly assembly NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 19 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 20 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 21 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 22 dissemination dissemination NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 23 into into IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 24 brain brain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 25 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 26 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 27 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 28 suggested suggest VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 29 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 30 tested test VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 31 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 32 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 288 33 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 1 For for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 2 instance instance NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 4 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 5 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 6 alpha alpha NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 7 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 8 glucosidase glucosidase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 9 I I NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 10 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 11 II II NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 12 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 13 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 14 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 15 play play VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 16 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 17 role role NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 18 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 19 processing processing NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 20 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 21 N n NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 22 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 23 linked link VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 24 oligosaccharides oligosaccharide NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 25 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 26 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 27 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 28 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 29 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 30 also also RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 31 inhibit inhibit VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 32 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 33 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 34 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 35 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 36 aviviruses aviviruse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 38 205 205 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 39 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 40 355 355 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 289 42 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 1 Although although IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 2 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 3 mechanism mechanism NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 4 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 5 which which WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 6 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 7 enters enter VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 8 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 9 brain brain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 10 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 11 still still RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 12 poorly poorly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 13 understood understand VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 14 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 15 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 16 two two CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 17 potential potential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 18 routes route NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 19 include include VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 20 axonal axonal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 21 retrograde retrograde JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 22 transport transport NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 24 ART art NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 26 from from IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 27 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 28 peripheral peripheral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 29 nervous nervous JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 30 system system NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 31 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 32 direct direct JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 33 hematogenous hematogenous JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 34 diffusion diffusion NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 35 via via IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 36 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 37 breakdown breakdown NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 38 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 39 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 40 blood blood NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 41 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 42 choroid choroid NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 43 plexus plexus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 44 barrier barrier NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 46 356 356 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 290 48 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 291 1 Nocodazole Nocodazole NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 291 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 291 3 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 291 4 microtubule microtubule JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 291 5 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 291 6 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 291 7 blocks block VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 291 8 ART art NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 291 9 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 291 10 delays delay VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 291 11 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 291 12 entry entry NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 291 13 into into IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 291 14 brain brain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 291 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 291 16 357 357 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 291 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 291 18 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 292 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 292 2 3′ 3′ CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 292 3 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 292 4 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 292 5 5′ 5′ CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 292 6 terminal terminal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 292 7 stem stem NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 292 8 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 292 9 loop loop NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 292 10 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 293 1 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 293 2 aviviral aviviral NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 293 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 293 4 contains contain VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 293 5 essential essential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 293 6 cis cis NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 293 7 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 293 8 acting act VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 293 9 elements element NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 293 10 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 293 11 plays play VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 293 12 important important JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 293 13 roles role NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 293 14 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 293 15 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 293 16 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 293 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 293 18 358 358 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 293 19 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 293 20 359 359 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 293 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 293 22 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 3 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 4 range range NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 5 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 6 cellular cellular JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 7 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 8 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 9 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 10 identifi identifi VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 11 ed ed NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 12 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 13 interact interact VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 14 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 15 3′ 3′ CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 16 stem stem NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 17 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 18 loop loop NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 19 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 20 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 21 aviviral aviviral NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 22 RNAs RNAs NNPS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 24 352 352 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 25 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 26 359 359 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 27 -362 -362 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 29 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 30 suggesting suggest VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 31 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 32 potential potential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 33 strategy strategy NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 34 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 35 design design VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 36 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 37 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 38 this this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 39 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 40 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 41 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 42 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 43 interaction interaction NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 294 44 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 295 1 Targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 295 2 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 295 3 factors factor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 295 4 may may MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 295 5 raise raise VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 295 6 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 295 7 higher high JJR cord-341050-hnuogpqn 295 8 barrier barrier NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 295 9 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 295 10 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 295 11 resistance resistance NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 295 12 emergence emergence NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 295 13 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 295 14 provide provide VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 295 15 broad broad JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 295 16 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 295 17 spectrum spectrum NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 295 18 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 295 19 effects effect NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 295 20 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 296 1 However however RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 296 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 296 3 current current JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 296 4 understanding understanding NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 296 5 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 296 6 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 296 7 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 296 8 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 296 9 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 296 10 interaction interaction NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 296 11 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 296 12 research research NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 296 13 on on IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 296 14 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 296 15 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 296 16 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 296 17 factors factor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 296 18 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 296 19 block block VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 296 20 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 296 21 infections infection NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 296 22 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 296 23 still still RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 296 24 limited limited JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 296 25 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 2 addition addition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 4 there there EX cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 5 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 6 some some DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 7 potential potential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 8 drawbacks drawback NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 9 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 10 this this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 11 approach approach NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 12 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 13 including include VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 14 undesirable undesirable JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 15 drug drug NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 16 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 17 induced induce VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 18 side side NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 19 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 20 effects effect NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 21 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 22 diffi diffi JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 23 culties cultie NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 24 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 25 drug drug NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 26 delivery delivery NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 27 into into IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 28 brain brain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 29 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 30 control control VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 31 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 32 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 297 33 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 298 1 Further further JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 298 2 understanding understanding NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 298 3 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 298 4 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 298 5 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 298 6 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 298 7 interaction interaction NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 298 8 will will MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 298 9 facilitate facilitate VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 298 10 identifi identifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 298 11 cation cation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 298 12 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 298 13 novel novel JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 298 14 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 298 15 agents agent NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 298 16 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 1 Development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 2 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 3 testing testing NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 5 various various JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 6 methods method NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 7 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 8 treatment treatment NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 9 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 10 prevention prevention NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 11 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 12 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 13 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 14 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 15 such such JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 16 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 17 protective protective JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 18 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 19 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 20 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 21 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 22 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 23 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 24 compounds compound NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 25 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 26 peptides peptide NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 27 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 28 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 29 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 30 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 31 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 32 proposed propose VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 33 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 34 intensively intensively RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 35 studied study VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 299 36 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 1 Although although IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 2 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 3 number number NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 5 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 6 veterinary veterinary JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 7 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 8 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 9 already already RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 10 been be VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 11 licensed license VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 12 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 13 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 14 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 15 use use NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 16 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 17 years year NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 18 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 19 human human JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 20 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 21 candidates candidate NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 22 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 23 still still RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 24 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 25 various various JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 26 stages stage NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 27 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 28 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 29 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 30 testing testing NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 300 31 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 1 Some some DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 2 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 3 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 4 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 5 show show VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 6 excellent excellent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 7 effi effi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 8 cacy cacy NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 9 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 10 small small JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 11 animal animal NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 12 models model NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 13 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 14 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 15 currently currently RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 16 being be VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 17 tested test VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 18 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 19 clinical clinical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 20 trials trial NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 21 represent represent VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 22 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 23 promising promising JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 24 class class NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 25 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 26 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 27 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 301 28 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 1 Recent recent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 2 technological technological JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 3 advancement advancement NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 4 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 5 increased increase VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 6 understanding understanding NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 7 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 8 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 9 biology biology NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 10 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 11 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 12 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 13 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 14 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 15 aviviruses aviviruse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 16 along along IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 17 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 18 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 19 / / SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 20 functional functional JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 21 characterization characterization NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 22 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 23 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 24 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 25 have have VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 26 provided provide VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 27 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 28 solid solid JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 29 foundation foundation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 30 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 31 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 32 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 33 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 34 small small JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 35 molecule molecule NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 36 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 37 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 38 future future JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 39 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 40 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 302 41 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 303 1 However however RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 303 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 303 3 efforts effort NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 303 4 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 303 5 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 303 6 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 303 7 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 303 8 effective effective JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 303 9 drug drug NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 303 10 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 303 11 prevention prevention NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 303 12 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 303 13 control control NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 303 14 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 303 15 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 303 16 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 303 17 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 303 18 human human NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 303 19 still still RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 303 20 remain remain VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 303 21 unsuccessful unsuccessful JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 303 22 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 1 Some some DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 2 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 3 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 4 reasons reason NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 5 include include VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 6 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 7 low low JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 8 incidence incidence NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 9 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 10 diseases disease NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 11 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 12 low low JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 13 commercial commercial JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 14 interest interest NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 15 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 16 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 17 companies company NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 18 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 19 high high JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 20 cost cost NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 21 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 22 mass mass NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 23 vaccination vaccination NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 24 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 25 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 26 diffi diffi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 27 culties cultie NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 28 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 29 running run VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 30 clinical clinical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 31 trials trial NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 32 due due JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 33 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 34 unpredictable unpredictable JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 35 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 36 sporadic sporadic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 37 nature nature NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 38 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 39 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 40 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 42 363 363 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 43 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 44 364 364 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 304 46 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 1 Another another DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 2 challenge challenge NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 3 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 4 developing develop VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 5 successful successful JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 6 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 7 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 8 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 9 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 10 ensure ensure VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 11 safety safety NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 12 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 13 effi effi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 14 cacy cacy NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 15 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 16 target target NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 17 populations population NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 18 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 19 mostly mostly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 20 include include VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 21 children child NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 22 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 23 elderly elderly JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 24 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 25 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 26 immune immune NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 27 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 28 compromised compromise VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 29 individuals individual NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 305 30 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 1 Despite despite IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 2 all all PDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 3 these these DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 4 diffi diffi JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 5 culties cultie NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 6 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 7 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 8 quest quest NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 9 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 10 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 11 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 12 effective effective JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 13 treatment treatment NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 14 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 15 prevention prevention NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 16 methods method NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 17 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 18 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 19 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 20 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 21 likely likely JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 22 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 23 be be VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 24 facilitated facilitate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 25 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 26 recent recent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 27 technological technological JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 28 advancement advancement NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 29 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 30 should should MD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 31 continue continue VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 32 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 33 meet meet VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 34 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 35 public public JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 36 health health NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 37 needs need NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 38 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 306 39 _SP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 307 1 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 307 2 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 307 3 NS5 NS5 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 307 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 307 5 capping cap VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 307 6 enzyme enzyme NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 308 1 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 308 2 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 308 3 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 308 4 methyltransferase methyltransferase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 308 5 domain domain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 308 6 interacts interact VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 308 7 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 308 8 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 308 9 kinase kinase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 308 10 G G NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 308 11 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 308 12 single single JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 308 13 amino amino NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 308 14 acid acid NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 308 15 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 308 16 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 308 17 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 309 1 NS4B NS4B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 309 2 confers confer VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 309 3 virulence virulence NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 309 4 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 309 5 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 309 6 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 309 7 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 309 8 AG129 AG129 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 309 9 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 309 10 through through IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 309 11 enhancement enhancement NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 309 12 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 309 13 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 309 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 309 15 synthesis synthesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 2 single single JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 3 amino amino NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 4 acid acid NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 5 substitution substitution NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 6 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 7 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 8 central central JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 9 portion portion NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 10 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 11 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 12 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 13 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 14 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 15 NS4B NS4B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 16 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 17 confers confer VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 18 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 19 highly highly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 20 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 21 phenotype phenotype NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 22 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 23 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 24 Inhibition inhibition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 25 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 26 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 27 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 28 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 29 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 30 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 31 NS4B NS4B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 32 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 33 Chemical Chemical NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 34 genetics genetics NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 35 strategy strategy NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 36 identifi identifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 37 es es NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 38 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 310 39 HCV HCV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 311 1 NS5A NS5A NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 311 2 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 311 3 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 311 4 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 311 5 potent potent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 311 6 clinical clinical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 311 7 effect effect NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 312 1 B b NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 312 2 cells cell NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 312 3 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 312 4 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 312 5 play play VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 312 6 critical critical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 312 7 roles role NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 312 8 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 312 9 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 312 10 immediate immediate JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 312 11 defense defense NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 312 12 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 312 13 disseminated disseminate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 312 14 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 312 15 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 312 16 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 312 17 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 312 18 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 312 19 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 313 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 313 2 critical critical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 313 3 role role NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 313 4 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 313 5 induced induce VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 313 6 IgM IgM NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 313 7 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 313 8 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 313 9 protection protection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 313 10 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 313 11 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 313 12 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 313 13 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 313 14 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 2 memory memory NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 3 T T NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 4 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 5 response response NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 6 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 7 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 8 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 9 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 10 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 11 symptomatic symptomatic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 12 humans human NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 13 following follow VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 14 natural natural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 15 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 16 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 17 not not RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 18 infl infl NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 19 uenced uence VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 20 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 21 age age NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 22 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 23 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 24 dominated dominate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 25 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 26 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 27 restricted restricted JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 28 set set NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 29 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 30 CD8 CD8 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 31 + + CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 32 T T NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 33 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 314 34 epitopes epitope NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 1 Comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 2 mapping mapping NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 3 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 4 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 5 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 6 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 8 WNV)-and wnv)-and PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 9 Japanese japanese JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 10 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 11 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 12 serocomplex serocomplex NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 13 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 14 specifi specifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 15 c c NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 16 linear linear NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 17 B B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 18 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 19 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 20 epitopes epitope NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 21 from from IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 22 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 23 non non JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 24 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 25 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 26 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 27 1 1 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 28 Identifi Identifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 29 cation cation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 30 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 31 two two CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 32 linear linear JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 33 B b NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 34 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 35 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 36 epitopes epitope NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 37 from from IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 38 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 39 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 40 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 41 NS1 ns1 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 42 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 43 screening screen VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 44 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 45 phage phage NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 46 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 47 displayed display VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 48 random random JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 49 peptide peptide NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 50 library library NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 51 Mapping mapping NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 52 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 53 analysis analysis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 54 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 55 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 56 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 57 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 58 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 59 specifi specifi VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 60 c c NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 61 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 62 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 63 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 64 prospects prospect NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 65 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 66 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 67 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 68 Fusion Fusion NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 69 loop loop NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 70 peptide peptide NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 71 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 72 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 73 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 74 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 75 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 76 envelope envelope NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 77 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 78 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 79 essential essential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 80 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 81 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 82 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 83 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 84 recognized recognize VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 85 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 86 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 87 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 88 cross cross JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 89 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 90 reactive reactive JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 91 human human JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 92 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 93 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 94 Role role NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 95 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 96 IFN IFN NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 97 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 98 gamma gamma NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 99 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 100 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 101 experimental experimental JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 102 murine murine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 103 model model NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 104 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 105 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 106 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 107 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 108 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 109 induced induce VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 110 seizures seizure NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 111 Role role NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 112 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 113 CD8 CD8 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 114 + + CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 115 T T NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 116 cells cell NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 117 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 118 control control NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 119 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 120 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 121 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 122 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 315 123 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 316 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 316 2 relative relative JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 316 3 contribution contribution NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 316 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 316 5 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 316 6 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 316 7 CD8 CD8 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 316 8 + + CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 316 9 T T NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 316 10 cells cell NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 316 11 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 316 12 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 316 13 immunity immunity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 316 14 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 316 15 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 316 16 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 316 17 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 316 18 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 1 Gamma gamma NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 2 interferon interferon NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 3 plays play VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 4 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 5 crucial crucial JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 6 early early JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 7 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 8 role role NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 9 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 10 protection protection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 11 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 12 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 13 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 14 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 15 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 16 Pattern Pattern NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 17 recognition recognition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 18 receptor receptor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 19 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 20 modulates modulate VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 21 CD8 CD8 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 22 + + CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 23 T T NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 24 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 25 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 26 dependent dependent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 27 clearance clearance NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 28 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 29 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 30 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 31 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 32 from from IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 33 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 34 central central JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 35 nervous nervous JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 36 system system NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 37 Attenuation attenuation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 38 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 39 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 40 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 41 humans human NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 42 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 43 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 44 live live JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 45 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 46 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 47 type-4 type-4 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 48 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 49 candidate candidate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 50 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 51 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 52 30 30 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 53 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 54 deletion deletion NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 55 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 56 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 57 3′-untranslated 3′-untranslated CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 317 58 region region NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 318 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 318 2 live live JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 318 3 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 318 4 chimeric chimeric JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 318 5 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 318 6 rWN/ rWN/ NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 319 1 DEN4Delta30 DEN4Delta30 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 319 2 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 319 3 well well RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 319 4 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 319 5 tolerated tolerate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 319 6 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 319 7 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 319 8 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 319 9 healthy healthy JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 319 10 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 319 11 avivirus avivirus JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 319 12 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 319 13 naive naive JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 319 14 adult adult NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 319 15 volunteers volunteer NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 319 16 Chimeric chimeric JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 319 17 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 319 18 2 2 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 319 19 PDK-53/ PDK-53/ NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 320 1 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 320 2 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 321 1 NY99 NY99 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 321 2 viruses virus NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 321 3 retain retain VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 321 4 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 321 5 phenotypic phenotypic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 321 6 attenuation attenuation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 321 7 markers marker NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 321 8 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 321 9 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 321 10 candidate candidate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 321 11 PDK-53 PDK-53 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 321 12 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 321 13 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 321 14 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 321 15 protect protect VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 321 16 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 321 17 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 321 18 lethal lethal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 321 19 challenge challenge NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 321 20 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 321 21 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 321 22 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 321 23 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 1 An an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 2 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 3 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 4 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 5 prototype prototype NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 6 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 7 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 8 highly highly RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 9 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 10 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 11 protects protect VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 12 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 13 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 14 deadly deadly JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 15 NY99 NY99 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 16 strain strain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 17 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 18 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 19 candidate candidate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 20 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 21 live live JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 22 WN WN NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 23 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 24 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 25 Liveattenuated Liveattenuated NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 26 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 27 equine equine JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 28 herpesvirus herpesvirus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 29 type type NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 322 30 1 1 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 323 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 323 2 EHV-1 EHV-1 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 323 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 323 4 induces induce VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 323 5 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 323 6 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 323 7 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 323 8 response response NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 323 9 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 323 10 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 323 11 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 323 12 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 323 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 323 14 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 323 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 323 16 Equine equine JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 323 17 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 323 18 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 323 19 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 323 20 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 323 21 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 2 effi effi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 3 cacy cacy NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 5 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 6 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 7 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 8 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 10 WN WN NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 11 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 12 VAX VAX NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 14 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 15 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 16 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 17 monkeys monkey NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 18 Safety Safety NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 19 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 20 effi effi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 21 cacy cacy NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 22 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 23 geese goose NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 24 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 25 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 26 PER.C6-based per.c6-base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 27 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 28 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 29 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 30 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 324 31 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 2 hydrogen hydrogen NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 3 peroxide peroxide NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 4 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 5 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 6 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 7 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 8 elicits elicit VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 9 humoral humoral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 10 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 11 cellular cellular JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 12 immunity immunity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 13 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 14 protects protect VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 15 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 16 lethal lethal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 17 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 18 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 19 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 20 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 21 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 22 aged aged JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 23 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 24 Development Development NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 25 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 26 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 27 new new JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 28 hydrogen hydrogen NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 29 peroxidebased peroxidebased JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 30 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 31 platform platform NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 32 Phylogeny Phylogeny NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 33 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 34 molecular molecular JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 35 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 36 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 37 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 38 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 39 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 40 Kunjin Kunjin NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 325 41 viruses virus NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 326 1 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 326 2 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 326 3 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 326 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 326 5 Kunjin Kunjin NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 326 6 subtype subtype NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 326 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 326 8 disease disease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 326 9 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 326 10 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 326 11 northern northern JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 326 12 territory territory NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 326 13 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 326 14 Australia Australia NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 326 15 - - : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 326 16 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 326 17 case case NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 326 18 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 326 19 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 326 20 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 326 21 review review NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 326 22 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 326 23 all all DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 326 24 reported report VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 326 25 cases case NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 1 An an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 2 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 3 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 4 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 5 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 6 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 7 derived derive VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 8 from from IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 9 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 10 chemically chemically RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 11 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 12 cDNA cdna NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 13 system system NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 14 Immunization Immunization NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 15 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 16 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 17 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 18 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 19 envelope envelope NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 20 domain domain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 21 III III NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 22 protects protect VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 23 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 24 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 25 lethal lethal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 26 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 27 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 28 homologous homologous JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 29 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 30 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 31 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 32 Preparation preparation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 33 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 34 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 35 properties property NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 36 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 37 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 38 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 39 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 40 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 41 subunit subunit NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 42 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 43 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 44 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 45 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 46 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 47 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 48 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 49 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 50 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 51 coactivates coactivate VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 52 innate innate JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 53 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 54 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 327 55 immunity immunity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 328 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 328 2 VLP VLP NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 328 3 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 328 4 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 328 5 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 328 6 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 328 7 domain domain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 328 8 III iii CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 328 9 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 328 10 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 328 11 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 328 12 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 328 13 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 328 14 E e NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 328 15 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 328 16 protects protect VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 328 17 from from IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 328 18 lethal lethal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 328 19 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 328 20 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 328 21 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 2 novel novel JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 3 platform platform NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 4 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 5 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 6 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 7 like like JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 8 particle particle NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 9 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 10 display display NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 11 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 12 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 13 aviviral aviviral NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 14 envelope envelope NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 15 domain domain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 16 III III NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 17 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 18 induction induction NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 19 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 20 Dengue Dengue NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 21 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 22 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 23 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 24 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 25 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 26 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 27 Dhiraj Dhiraj NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 28 Acharya Acharya NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 29 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 30 Fengwei Fengwei NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 31 Bai Bai NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 32 duction duction NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 33 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 34 detection detection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 35 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 36 diagnostic diagnostic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 37 reagents reagent NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 38 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 39 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 40 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 41 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 42 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 43 plants plant NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 44 Plant Plant NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 45 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 46 made make VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 47 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 48 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 49 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 50 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 51 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 52 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 53 potent potent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 54 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 55 safe safe JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 56 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 57 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 58 economically economically RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 59 feasible feasible JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 60 Monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 61 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 62 produced produce VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 63 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 64 plants plant NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 65 efficiently efficiently RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 66 treats treat VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 67 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 68 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 69 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 70 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 71 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 329 72 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 330 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 330 2 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 330 3 immunology immunology NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 330 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 330 5 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 330 6 protection protection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 330 7 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 330 8 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 330 9 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 330 10 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 2 molecular molecular JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 3 basis basis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 5 antibody antibody NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 6 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 7 mediated mediate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 8 neutralization neutralization NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 9 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 10 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 11 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 12 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 13 Antibody Antibody NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 14 engineering engineering NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 15 Antibody Antibody NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 16 engineering engineering NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 17 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 18 modifi modifi NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 19 cation cation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 20 technologies technology NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 21 Glycoengineering Glycoengineering NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 22 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 23 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 24 antibodies antibody NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 25 enhances enhance VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 26 monocyte monocyte NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 27 / / SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 28 macrophage macrophage NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 29 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 30 mediated mediate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 31 phagocytosis phagocytosis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 32 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 33 cytotoxicity cytotoxicity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 34 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 35 paradoxical paradoxical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 36 role role NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 37 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 38 neutrophils neutrophil NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 39 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 40 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 41 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 42 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 43 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 44 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 45 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 46 IL-10 IL-10 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 47 signaling signal VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 48 blockade blockade NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 49 controls control NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 50 murine murine JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 51 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 52 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 53 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 54 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 55 Use Use NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 56 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 57 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 58 interference interference NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 59 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 60 prevent prevent VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 61 lethal lethal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 62 murine murine JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 63 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 64 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 65 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 66 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 67 Toll toll NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 68 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 69 like like JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 70 receptor receptor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 71 7 7 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 72 mitigates mitigate VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 73 lethal lethal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 74 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 75 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 76 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 77 via via IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 78 interleukin interleukin NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 79 23-dependent 23-dependent CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 80 immune immune JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 81 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 82 infi infi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 83 ltration ltration NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 84 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 85 homing home VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 86 Ten ten CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 87 years year NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 88 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 89 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 90 drug drug NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 91 discovery discovery NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 92 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 93 progress progress NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 94 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 95 prospects prospect NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 96 Designing design VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 97 screens screen NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 98 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 99 how how WRB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 100 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 101 make make VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 102 your -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 103 hits hit NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 104 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 105 hit hit VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 106 Principles principle NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 107 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 108 early early JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 109 drug drug NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 331 110 discovery discovery NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 1 Novel novel JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 2 trends trend NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 3 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 4 high high JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 5 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 6 throughput throughput NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 7 screening screen VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 8 Review Review NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 9 article article NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 10 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 11 high high JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 12 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 13 throughput throughput NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 14 affi affi FW cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 15 nity nity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 16 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 17 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 18 technologies technology NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 19 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 20 small small JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 21 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 22 molecule molecule NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 23 drug drug NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 24 discovery discovery NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 25 Fragment Fragment NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 26 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 27 using use VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 28 X x NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 29 - - NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 30 ray ray NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 31 crystallography crystallography NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 32 Affi Affi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 33 nity nity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 34 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 35 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 36 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 37 techniques technique NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 38 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 39 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 40 impact impact NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 41 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 42 benefi benefi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 43 t t NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 44 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 45 increase increase VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 46 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 47 number number NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 48 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 49 high high JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 50 quality quality NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 51 leads lead VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 52 Solution Solution NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 53 structure structure NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 54 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 55 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 56 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 57 capsid capsid NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 58 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 59 reveals reveal VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 60 another another DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 61 fold fold NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 62 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 63 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 64 avivirus avivirus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 65 precursor precursor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 66 membrane membrane NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 67 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 68 envelope envelope NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 69 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 70 complex complex NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 71 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 72 structure structure NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 73 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 74 maturation maturation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 75 Structure Structure NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 76 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 77 immature immature JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 78 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 79 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 332 80 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 2 high high JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 3 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 4 throughput throughput NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 5 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 6 assay assay NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 7 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 8 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 9 identifi identifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 10 cation cation NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 11 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 12 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 13 avivirus avivirus NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 14 NS5 ns5 JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 15 capping cap VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 16 enzyme enzyme NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 17 GTP gtp NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 18 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 19 binding bind VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 20 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 21 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 22 implications implication NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 23 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 24 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 25 drug drug NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 26 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 27 Discovery Discovery NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 28 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 29 small small JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 30 molecule molecule NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 31 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 32 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 33 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 34 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 35 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 36 using use VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 37 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 38 high high JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 39 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 40 throughput throughput NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 41 sub sub JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 42 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 43 genomic genomic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 44 replicon replicon NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 333 45 screen screen NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 334 1 HTS HTS NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 334 2 identifi identifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 1 es es NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 2 novel novel NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 3 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 4 specifi specifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 5 c c NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 6 uncompetitive uncompetitive JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 7 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 8 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 9 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 10 two two CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 11 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 12 component component NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 13 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 14 - - : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 15 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 16 proteinase proteinase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 17 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 18 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 19 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 20 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 21 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 22 silico silico NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 23 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 24 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 25 small small JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 26 molecule molecule NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 27 libraries library NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 28 using use VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 29 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 30 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 31 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 32 envelope envelope NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 33 E e NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 335 34 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 1 has have VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 2 identifi identifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 3 ed ed NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 4 compounds compound NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 5 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 6 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 7 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 8 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 9 multiple multiple JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 10 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 11 aviviruses aviviruse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 12 Cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 13 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 14 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 15 assays assay NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 16 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 17 identify identify VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 18 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 19 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 20 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 21 disease disease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 22 Current current JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 23 approaches approach NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 24 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 25 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 26 drug drug NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 27 discovery discovery NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 28 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 29 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 30 Flaviviridae Flaviviridae NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 31 family family NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 32 Novel Novel NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 33 approaches approach NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 34 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 35 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 36 avivirus avivirus NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 37 drug drug NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 336 38 discovery discovery NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 1 Neuroblastoma neuroblastoma NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 2 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 3 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 4 adapted adapt VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 5 yellow yellow JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 6 fever fever NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 7 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 8 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 9 mutagenesis mutagenesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 10 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 11 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 12 E e NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 13 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 14 locus locus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 15 involved involve VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 16 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 17 persistent persistent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 18 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 19 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 20 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 21 effects effect NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 22 on on IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 23 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 24 penetration penetration NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 25 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 26 spread spread VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 27 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 28 interactions interaction NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 29 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 30 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 31 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 32 avivirus avivirus NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 33 envelope envelope NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 34 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 35 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 36 implications implication NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 37 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 38 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 39 entry entry NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 40 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 41 release release VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 42 Infectious infectious JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 43 entry entry NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 44 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 45 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 46 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 47 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 48 occurs occur VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 49 through through IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 50 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 51 clathrinmediated clathrinmediate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 52 endocytic endocytic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 53 pathway pathway NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 54 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 55 entry entry NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 56 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 57 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 58 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 59 overview overview NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 60 Targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 61 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 62 gp41-induced gp41-induced NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 63 fusion fusion NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 64 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 65 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 66 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 67 anti anti JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 68 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 69 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 337 70 therapy therapy NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 2 ligand ligand NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 3 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 4 binding bind VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 5 pocket pocket NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 6 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 7 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 8 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 9 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 10 envelope envelope NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 11 glycoprotein glycoprotein NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 12 Structure Structure NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 13 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 14 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 15 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 16 avivirus avivirus NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 17 envelope envelope NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 18 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 19 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 20 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 21 low low JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 22 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 23 pH ph NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 24 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 25 induced induce VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 26 membrane membrane NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 27 fusion fusion NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 28 conformation conformation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 29 Design design NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 30 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 31 synthesis synthesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 32 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 33 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 34 biological biological JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 35 evaluation evaluation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 36 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 37 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 38 agents agent NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 39 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 40 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 41 avivirus avivirus NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 42 envelope envelope NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 338 43 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 339 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 339 2 small small JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 339 3 molecule molecule NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 339 4 fusion fusion NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 339 5 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 339 6 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 339 7 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 339 8 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 340 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 340 2 small small JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 340 3 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 340 4 molecule molecule NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 340 5 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 340 6 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 340 7 entry entry NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 340 8 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 1 Antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 2 compounds compound NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 3 discovered discover VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 4 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 5 virtual virtual JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 6 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 7 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 8 small small JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 9 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 10 molecule molecule NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 11 libraries library NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 12 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 13 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 14 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 15 E e NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 16 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 17 Sulfated Sulfated NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 18 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 19 coli coli VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 20 K5 K5 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 21 polysaccharide polysaccharide NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 22 derivatives derivative NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 23 inhibit inhibit VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 24 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 25 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 26 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 27 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 28 human human JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 29 microvascular microvascular JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 30 endothelial endothelial JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 31 cells cell NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 32 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 33 interacting interact VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 34 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 35 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 36 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 37 envelope envelope NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 38 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 39 E e NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 40 domain domain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 41 III iii CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 42 Broad Broad NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 43 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 44 spectrum spectrum NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 45 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 46 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 47 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 48 chebulagic chebulagic NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 49 acid acid NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 50 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 51 punicalagin punicalagin NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 52 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 53 viruses virus NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 54 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 55 use use VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 56 glycosaminoglycans glycosaminoglycan NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 57 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 58 entry entry NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 59 Antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 60 effect effect NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 61 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 62 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 63 heparan heparan NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 64 sulfate sulfate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 65 mimetic mimetic NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 66 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 67 PI-88 PI-88 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 68 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 69 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 70 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 71 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 72 encephalitic encephalitic NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 73 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 341 74 aviviruses aviviruses NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 1 Antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 2 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 3 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 4 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 5 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 6 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 7 diverse diverse JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 8 classes class NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 9 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 10 algal algal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 11 sulfated sulfate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 12 polysaccharides polysaccharide NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 13 Carbohydrate carbohydrate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 14 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 15 binding bind VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 16 agents agent NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 17 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 18 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 19 potential potential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 20 future future JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 21 cornerstone cornerstone NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 22 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 23 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 24 chemotherapy chemotherapy NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 25 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 26 enveloped envelop VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 27 viruses virus NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 342 28 ? ? . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 343 1 Antiretroviral antiretroviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 343 2 treatment treatment NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 343 3 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 343 4 adult adult NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 343 5 HIV HIV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 343 6 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 343 7 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 1 2014 2014 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 2 recommendations recommendation NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 3 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 4 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 5 International International NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 6 Antiviral Antiviral NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 7 Society Society NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 8 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 9 USA USA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 10 Panel Panel NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 11 Protease Protease NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 12 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 13 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 14 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 15 agents agent NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 16 Discovery Discovery NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 17 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 18 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 19 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 20 VX-950 vx-950 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 21 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 22 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 23 novel novel NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 24 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 25 covalent covalent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 26 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 27 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 28 reversible reversible JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 29 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 30 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 31 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 32 C C NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 33 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 34 NS3.4A ns3.4a NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 35 serine serine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 36 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 37 Preclinical Preclinical NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 38 profi profi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 39 le le FW cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 40 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 41 VX-950 VX-950 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 42 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 43 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 44 potent potent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 45 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 46 selective selective JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 47 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 48 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 49 orally orally RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 50 bioavailable bioavailable JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 51 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 52 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 53 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 54 C C NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 55 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 56 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 57 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 58 4A 4a CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 59 serine serine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 344 60 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 345 1 Both both DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 345 2 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 345 3 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 1 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 2 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 3 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 4 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 5 required require VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 6 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 7 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 8 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 9 processing processing NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 10 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 11 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 12 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 13 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 14 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 15 NMR NMR NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 16 analysis analysis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 17 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 18 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 19 novel novel NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 20 enzymatically enzymatically RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 21 active active JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 22 unlinked unlinked JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 23 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 24 NS2B ns2b NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 25 - - : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 26 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 27 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 28 complex complex JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 29 High high JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 30 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 31 throughput throughput NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 32 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 33 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 34 low low JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 35 molecular molecular JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 346 36 weight weight NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 1 NS3-NS4A NS3-NS4A NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 2 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 3 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 4 using use VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 5 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 6 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 7 uorescence uorescence NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 8 resonance resonance NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 9 energy energy NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 10 transfer transfer NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 11 substrate substrate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 12 Establishment Establishment NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 13 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 14 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 15 in in FW cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 16 vitro vitro FW cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 17 assay assay NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 18 system system NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 19 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 20 screening screen VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 21 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 22 C C NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 23 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 24 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 25 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 26 using use VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 27 high high JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 28 performance performance NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 29 liquid liquid NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 30 chromatography chromatography NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 31 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 32 novel novel JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 33 high high JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 34 throughput throughput NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 35 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 36 assay assay NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 37 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 38 HCV HCV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 39 NS3 NS3 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 40 serine serine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 41 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 42 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 43 Non non JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 44 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 45 peptide peptide JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 46 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 47 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 48 HCV HCV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 49 serine serine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 50 proteinase proteinase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 51 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 52 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 53 avivirus avivirus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 54 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 55 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 56 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 57 target target NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 58 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 59 drug drug NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 347 60 discovery discovery NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 1 Structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 2 evidence evidence NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 3 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 4 regulation regulation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 5 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 6 specifi specifi NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 7 city city NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 8 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 9 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 10 aviviral aviviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 11 proteases protease NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 12 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 13 evolution evolution NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 14 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 15 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 16 Flaviviridae Flaviviridae NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 17 fold fold NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 18 Activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 19 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 20 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 21 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 22 2 2 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 23 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 24 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 25 protease protease VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 26 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 27 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 28 presence presence NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 29 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 30 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 31 truncated truncated JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 32 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 33 co co NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 34 - - NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 35 factor factor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 36 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 37 small small JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 38 peptide peptide NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 39 substrates substrate NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 40 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 41 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 42 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 43 Investigators investigator NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 44 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 45 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 46 Multicenter Multicenter NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 47 Study Study NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 48 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 49 Perioperative Perioperative NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 50 Ischemia Ischemia NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 51 Research Research NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 52 Group Group NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 53 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 54 Ischemia Ischemia NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 55 Research Research NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 56 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 57 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 58 Education Education NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 59 Foundation Foundation NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 61 2007 2007 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 63 Mortality mortality NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 64 associated associate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 65 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 66 aprotinin aprotinin NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 67 during during IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 68 5 5 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 69 years year NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 70 following follow VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 71 coronary coronary JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 72 artery artery NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 73 bypass bypass NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 74 graft graft NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 75 surgery surgery NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 76 Discovery Discovery NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 77 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 78 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 79 non non JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 80 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 81 peptidic peptidic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 82 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 83 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 84 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 85 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 86 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 87 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 88 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 89 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 90 high high JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 91 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 92 throughput throughput NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 93 docking docking NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 94 Identifi Identifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 95 cation cation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 96 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 97 biochemical biochemical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 98 characterization characterization NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 99 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 100 small small JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 101 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 102 molecule molecule NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 103 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 104 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 105 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 106 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 107 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 108 serine serine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 109 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 110 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 111 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 112 high high JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 113 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 114 throughput throughput NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 115 screen screen NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 116 Characterization characterization NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 117 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 118 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 119 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 120 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 121 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 122 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 123 substrate substrate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 124 specifi specifi VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 125 city city NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 126 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 127 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 128 Synthesis Synthesis NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 129 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 130 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 131 vitro vitro FW cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 132 evaluation evaluation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 133 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 134 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 135 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 136 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 137 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 138 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 139 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 140 on on IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 141 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 142 2-{6 2-{6 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 143 Structure structure NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 144 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 145 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 146 relationship relationship NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 147 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 148 improved improve VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 149 hydrolytic hydrolytic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 150 stability stability NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 151 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 152 pyrazole pyrazole NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 153 derivatives derivative NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 154 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 155 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 156 allosteric allosteric JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 157 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 158 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 159 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 160 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 161 Virus Virus NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 162 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 163 - - , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 164 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 165 proteinase proteinase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 166 Inhibitors Inhibitors NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 167 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 168 Dengue Dengue NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 169 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 170 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 171 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 172 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 173 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 174 proteases protease NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 175 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 176 on on IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 177 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 178 aminobenzamide aminobenzamide JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 179 scaffold scaffold NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 180 Synthesis Synthesis NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 181 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 182 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 183 vitro vitro FW cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 184 evaluation evaluation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 185 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 186 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 187 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 188 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 189 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 190 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 191 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 192 on on IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 193 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 194 1,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted 1,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 195 1H 1h CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 196 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 197 pyrrol-2(5H)-one pyrrol-2(5h)-one NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 198 scaffold scaffold NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 199 Design design NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 200 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 201 synthesis synthesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 202 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 203 characterization characterization NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 204 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 205 novel novel NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 206 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2h)-one CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 207 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 208 1,3,4-oxadiazole 1,3,4-oxadiazole CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 209 hybrid hybrid JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 210 derivatives derivative NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 211 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 212 potent potent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 213 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 214 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 215 Dengue Dengue NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 216 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 217 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 218 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 219 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 220 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 221 / / , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 222 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 348 223 proteases protease NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 349 1 Small small JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 349 2 molecule molecule NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 349 3 pan pan NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 349 4 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 349 5 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 349 6 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 349 7 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 349 8 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 349 9 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 350 1 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 350 2 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 350 3 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 1 Flexibility flexibility NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 2 between between IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 3 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 4 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 5 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 6 helicase helicase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 7 domains domain NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 8 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 9 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 10 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 11 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 12 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 13 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 14 conferred confer VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 15 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 16 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 17 linker linker NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 18 region region NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 19 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 20 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 21 functional functional JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 22 implications implication NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 23 Structure Structure NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 24 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 25 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 26 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 351 27 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 352 1 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 352 2 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 352 3 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 352 4 ligand ligand NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 352 5 stabilization stabilization NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 352 6 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 352 7 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 352 8 catalytic catalytic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 352 9 conformation conformation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 2 single single JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 3 positively positively RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 4 selected select VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 5 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 6 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 7 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 8 mutation mutation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 9 confers confer VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 10 increased increase VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 11 virogenesis virogenesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 12 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 13 American american JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 14 crows crow VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 15 Viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 16 determinants determinant NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 17 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 18 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 19 NS3 ns3 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 20 helicase helicase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 21 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 22 2 2 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 23 K k NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 24 peptide peptide NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 25 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 26 promote promote VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 27 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 28 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 29 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 30 resistance resistance NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 31 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 32 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 33 action action NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 34 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 35 2′,5′-oligoadenylate 2′,5′-oligoadenylate CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 36 synthetase synthetase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 37 1b 1b CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 38 Purifi Purifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 39 cation cation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 40 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 41 characterization characterization NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 42 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 43 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 44 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 45 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 46 nucleoside nucleoside NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 47 triphosphatase triphosphatase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 49 NTPase)/helicase ntpase)/helicase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 50 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 51 evidence evidence NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 52 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 53 dissociation dissociation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 54 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 55 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 56 NTPase NTPase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 57 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 58 helicase helicase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 59 activities activity NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 60 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 61 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 62 enzyme enzyme NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 63 Direct Direct NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 64 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 65 uorometric uorometric JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 66 measurement measurement NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 67 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 68 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 69 C C NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 70 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 71 helicase helicase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 72 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 73 Identifi Identifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 74 cation cation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 75 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 76 analysis analysis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 77 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 78 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 79 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 80 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 81 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 82 C C NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 83 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 84 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 85 helicase helicase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 86 Identifi Identifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 87 cation cation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 88 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 89 analysis analysis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 90 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 91 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 92 C C NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 93 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 94 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 95 helicase helicase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 96 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 97 using use VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 98 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 99 acid acid NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 100 binding bind VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 101 assays assay NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 102 High high JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 103 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 104 throughput throughput NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 105 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 106 assay assay NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 107 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 108 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 109 C C NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 110 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 111 helicase helicase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 112 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 113 using use VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 114 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 115 uorescence uorescence NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 116 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 117 quenching quenching NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 118 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 119 Viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 120 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 121 cellular cellular JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 122 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 123 helicases helicase NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 124 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 125 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 126 targets target NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 127 Halogenated halogenate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 128 benzimidazoles benzimidazole NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 129 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 130 benzotriazoles benzotriazole NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 131 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 132 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 133 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 134 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 135 NTPase/ NTPase/ NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 136 helicase helicase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 137 activities activity NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 138 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 139 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 140 C C NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 141 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 142 related relate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 143 viruses virus NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 144 Synthesis synthesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 145 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 146 evaluation evaluation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 147 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 148 ATP ATP NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 149 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 150 binding bind VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 151 site site NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 152 directed direct VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 153 potential potential JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 154 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 155 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 156 nucleoside nucleoside NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 157 triphosphatases triphosphatase NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 158 / / SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 159 helicases helicase NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 160 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 161 polymerases polymerase NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 162 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 163 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 164 C C NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 165 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 166 other other JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 167 selected select VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 168 Flaviviridae Flaviviridae NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 353 169 viruses virus NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 1 An an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 2 analogue analogue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 3 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 4 AICAR AICAR NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 5 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 6 dual dual JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 7 inhibitory inhibitory JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 8 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 9 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 10 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 11 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 12 HCV HCV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 13 NTPase NTPase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 14 / / SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 15 helicase helicase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 16 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 17 synthesis synthesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 18 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 19 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 20 vitro vitro FW cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 21 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 22 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 23 4-carbamoyl-5-(4,6-diamino-2,5-dihydro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)imidazole-1-beta 4-carbamoyl-5-(4,6-diamino-2,5-dihydro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)imidazole-1-beta CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 24 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 25 D D NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 26 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 27 ribo ribo JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 28 furanoside furanoside NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 29 Ring ring NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 30 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 31 expanded expand VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 33 " " `` cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 34 fat fat JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 35 " " '' cord-341050-hnuogpqn 354 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 1 nucleoside nucleoside JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 2 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 3 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 4 analogues analogue NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 5 exhibit exhibit VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 6 potent potent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 7 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 8 vitro vitro FW cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 9 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 10 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 11 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 12 aviviridae aviviridae NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 13 NTPases NTPases NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 14 / / SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 15 helicases helicase NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 16 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 17 including include VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 18 those those DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 19 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 20 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 21 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 22 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 23 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 24 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 25 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 26 C C NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 27 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 28 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 29 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 30 Japanese japanese JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 31 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 32 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 33 Potent potent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 34 inhibition inhibition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 35 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 36 NTPase NTPase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 37 / / SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 38 helicase helicase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 39 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 40 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 41 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 42 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 43 Virus Virus NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 44 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 45 ring ring NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 46 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 47 expanded expand VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 49 " " `` cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 50 fat fat JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 51 " " '' cord-341050-hnuogpqn 355 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 356 1 nucleoside nucleoside JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 356 2 analogues analogues NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 356 3 Characterization Characterization NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 356 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 356 5 imidazo[4,5-d]pyridazine imidazo[4,5-d]pyridazine NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 356 6 nucleosides nucleoside VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 356 7 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 356 8 modulators modulator NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 356 9 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 356 10 unwinding unwind VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 356 11 reaction reaction NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 356 12 mediated mediate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 356 13 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 356 14 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 356 15 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 356 16 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 357 1 nucleoside nucleoside RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 357 2 triphosphatase triphosphatase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 357 3 / / SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 357 4 helicase helicase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 357 5 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 357 6 evidence evidence NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 357 7 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 357 8 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 357 9 on on IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 357 10 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 357 11 level level NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 357 12 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 357 13 substrate substrate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 357 14 and/ and/ CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 357 15 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 357 16 enzyme enzyme NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 1 Ivermectin Ivermectin NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 2 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 3 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 4 potent potent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 5 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 6 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 7 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 8 avivirus avivirus NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 9 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 10 specifi specifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 11 cally cally RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 12 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 13 NS3 ns3 CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 14 helicase helicase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 15 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 16 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 17 new new JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 18 prospects prospect NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 19 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 20 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 21 old old JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 22 drug drug NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 23 New new JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 24 insights insight NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 25 into into IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 26 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 27 avivirus avivirus JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 28 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 29 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 30 5 5 CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 31 Comparative Comparative NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 32 mechanistic mechanistic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 33 studies study NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 34 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 35 de de NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 36 novo novo NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 37 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 38 synthesis synthesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 39 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 40 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 41 avivirus avivirus NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 42 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 43 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 44 dependent dependent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 45 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 358 46 polymerases polymerase NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 2 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 3 avivirus avivirus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 4 polymerase polymerase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 5 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 6 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 7 target target NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 8 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 9 drug drug NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 10 discovery discovery NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 11 Advances advance VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 12 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 13 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 14 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 15 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 16 new new JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 17 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 18 agents agent NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 19 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 20 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 21 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 22 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 23 4A 4a CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 24 serine serine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 25 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 26 or or CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 27 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 28 NS5B NS5B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 29 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 30 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 31 dependent dependent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 32 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 33 polymerase polymerase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 34 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 35 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 36 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 37 C C NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 359 38 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 1 Recent recent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 2 highlights highlight NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 3 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 4 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 5 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 6 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 7 new new JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 8 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 9 drugs drug NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 10 Identifi Identifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 11 cation cation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 12 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 13 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 14 small small JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 15 molecule molecule NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 16 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 17 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 18 herpes herpes NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 19 simplex simplex NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 20 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 21 DNA dna NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 22 polymerase polymerase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 23 subunit subunit NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 24 interactions interaction NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 25 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 26 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 360 27 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 2 homogeneous homogeneous JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 3 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 4 solid solid JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 5 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 6 phase phase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 7 assay assay NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 8 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 9 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 10 C C NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 11 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 12 RNA rna NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 13 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 14 dependent dependent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 16 polymerase polymerase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 17 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 18 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 19 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 20 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 21 reporter reporter NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 22 assay assay NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 23 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 24 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 25 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 26 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 27 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 28 C C NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 29 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 30 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 31 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 32 dependent dependent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 33 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 361 34 polymerase polymerase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 2 continuous continuous JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 3 nonradioactive nonradioactive JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 4 assay assay NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 5 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 7 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 8 dependent dependent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 10 polymerase polymerase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 11 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 12 Synergistic synergistic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 13 combinations combination NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 14 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 15 favipiravir favipiravir NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 16 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 17 oseltamivir oseltamivir NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 18 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 19 wild wild JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 20 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 21 type type NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 22 pandemic pandemic NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 23 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 24 oseltamivir oseltamivir NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 25 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 26 resistant resistant JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 27 infl infl NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 28 uenza uenza NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 29 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 30 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 31 infections infection NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 32 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 362 33 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 363 1 In in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 363 2 vitro vitro FW cord-341050-hnuogpqn 363 3 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 363 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 363 5 favipiravir favipiravir NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 363 6 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 363 7 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 363 8 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 363 9 combinations combination NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 363 10 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 363 11 oseltamivir oseltamivir NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 363 12 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 363 13 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 363 14 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 363 15 oseltamivir oseltamivir JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 363 16 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 363 17 resistant resistant JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 363 18 pandemic pandemic NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 363 19 infl infl NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 364 1 uenza uenza NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 364 2 A A NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 364 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 364 4 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 364 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 364 6 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 364 7 Favipiravir Favipiravir NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 364 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 364 9 T-705 t-705 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 364 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 364 11 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 364 12 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 364 13 novel novel JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 364 14 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 364 15 RNA rna NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 364 16 polymerase polymerase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 364 17 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 364 18 Broadspectrum Broadspectrum NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 364 19 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 364 20 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 364 21 viruses virus NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 364 22 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 364 23 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 364 24 Flaviviridae Flaviviridae NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 364 25 family family NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 365 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 365 2 7-deaza 7-deaza CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 365 3 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 365 4 adenosine adenosine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 365 5 analog analog NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 365 6 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 365 7 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 365 8 potent potent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 365 9 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 365 10 selective selective JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 365 11 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 365 12 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 365 13 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 365 14 C C NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 365 15 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 365 16 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 365 17 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 365 18 excellent excellent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 365 19 pharmacokinetic pharmacokinetic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 365 20 properties property NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 2 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 3 fever fever NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 4 viremia viremia NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 5 model model NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 6 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 7 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 8 shows show VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 9 reduction reduction NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 10 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 11 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 12 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 13 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 14 suppression suppression NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 15 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 16 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 17 infl infl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 18 ammatory ammatory NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 19 response response NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 20 after after IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 21 treatment treatment NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 22 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 23 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 24 drugs drug NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 25 Crystal Crystal NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 26 structure structure NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 27 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 28 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 29 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 30 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 31 RNAdependent RNAdependent NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 366 32 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 367 1 polymerase polymerase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 367 2 catalytic catalytic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 367 3 domain domain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 367 4 at at IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 367 5 1.85-angstrom 1.85-angstrom CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 367 6 resolution resolution NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 367 7 Inhibition inhibition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 367 8 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 367 9 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 367 10 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 367 11 polymerase polymerase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 367 12 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 367 13 blocking block VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 367 14 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 367 15 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 367 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 367 17 tunnel tunnel NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 367 18 Conformational Conformational NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 367 19 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 367 20 exibility exibility NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 367 21 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 367 22 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 367 23 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 367 24 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 1 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 2 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 3 dependent dependent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 5 polymerase polymerase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 6 revealed reveal VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 7 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 8 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 9 complex complex NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 10 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 11 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 12 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 13 An an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 15 cap cap NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 17 nucleoside-2′-O-)-methyltransferase nucleoside-2′-o-)-methyltransferase CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 18 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 19 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 20 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 21 avivirus avivirus NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 23 polymerase polymerase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 24 NS5 NS5 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 25 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 26 crystal crystal NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 27 structure structure NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 28 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 29 functional functional JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 30 characterization characterization NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 31 Structure structure NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 32 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 33 function function NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 34 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 35 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 368 36 avivirus avivirus NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 369 1 NS5 ns5 JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 369 2 methyltransferase methyltransferase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 369 3 2′-O 2′-o CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 369 4 methylation methylation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 369 5 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 369 6 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 369 7 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 369 8 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 369 9 cap cap NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 369 10 evades evade VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 369 11 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 369 12 restriction restriction NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 369 13 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 369 14 IFIT IFIT NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 369 15 family family NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 369 16 members member NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 369 17 2′-O 2′-o CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 369 18 methylation methylation NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 369 19 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 369 20 internal internal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 369 21 adenosine adenosine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 369 22 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 369 23 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 369 24 avivirus avivirus NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 370 1 NS5 ns5 JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 370 2 methyltransferase methyltransferase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 370 3 Structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 370 4 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 370 5 functional functional JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 370 6 analyses analysis NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 370 7 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 370 8 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 370 9 conserved conserved JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 370 10 hydrophobic hydrophobic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 370 11 pocket pocket NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 370 12 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 370 13 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 370 14 avivirus avivirus NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 371 1 methyltransferase methyltransferase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 1 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 2 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 3 basis basis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 4 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 5 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 6 inhibition inhibition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 7 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 8 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 9 NS5 ns5 JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 10 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 11 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 12 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 13 2′-O 2′-o CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 14 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 15 methyltransferase methyltransferase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 16 domain domain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 17 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 18 ribavirin ribavirin NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 19 5′-triphosphate 5′-triphosphate CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 20 Flaviviral Flaviviral NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 21 methyltransferase methyltransferase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 22 / / SYM cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 23 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 24 interaction interaction NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 25 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 26 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 27 basis basis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 28 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 29 enzyme enzyme NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 30 inhibition inhibition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 31 Biochemical biochemical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 32 characterization characterization NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 33 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 34 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 36 nucleoside-2′O)-methyltransferase nucleoside-2′o)-methyltransferase JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 37 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 38 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 39 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 40 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 41 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 42 NS5 ns5 JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 43 using use VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 44 purifi purifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 45 ed ed NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 46 capped cap VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 47 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 48 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 50 7Me 7me JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 52 GpppAC(n GpppAC(n NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 54 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 55 GpppAC(n GpppAC(n NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 372 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 373 1 Flavivirus Flavivirus NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 373 2 methyltransferase methyltransferase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 373 3 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 373 4 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 373 5 novel novel JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 373 6 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 373 7 target target NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 2 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 3 avivirus avivirus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 4 NS5 ns5 JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 5 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 6 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 7 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 8 true true JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 9 RNA rna NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 10 guanylyltransferase guanylyltransferase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 11 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 12 catalyzes catalyze VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 13 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 14 twostep twostep NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 15 reaction reaction NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 16 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 17 form form VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 18 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 20 cap cap NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 21 structure structure NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 22 Structure structure NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 23 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 24 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 25 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 26 ligand ligand NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 27 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 28 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 29 virtual virtual JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 30 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 31 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 32 novel novel JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 33 methyltransferase methyltransferase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 34 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 35 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 36 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 37 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 38 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 39 Small small JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 40 molecule molecule NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 41 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 42 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 43 selectively selectively RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 44 block block VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 45 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 374 46 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 375 1 methyltransferase methyltransferase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 375 2 Selective selective JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 375 3 inhibition inhibition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 375 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 375 5 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 375 6 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 375 7 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 375 8 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 375 9 methyltransferase methyltransferase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 375 10 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 375 11 nucleoside nucleoside JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 375 12 analogs analog NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 1 Identifi Identifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 2 cation cation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 3 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 4 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 5 novel novel JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 6 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 7 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 8 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 9 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 10 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 11 avivirus avivirus NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 12 guanylyltransferase guanylyltransferase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 13 enzyme enzyme NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 14 Virtual virtual JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 15 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 16 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 17 bioassay bioassay NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 18 study study NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 19 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 20 novel novel JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 21 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 22 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 23 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 24 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 25 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 26 cap cap NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 27 Novel Novel NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 28 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 376 29 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 1 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 2 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 3 methyltransferase methyltransferase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 4 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 5 discovery discovery NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 6 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 7 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 8 vitro vitro FW cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 9 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 10 driven drive VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 11 virtual virtual JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 12 screening screening NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 13 on on IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 14 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 15 desktop desktop NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 16 computer computer NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 17 grid grid NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 18 5′-Silylated 5′-silylated CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 19 3′-1,2,3-triazolyl 3′-1,2,3-triazolyl CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 20 thymidine thymidine JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 21 analogues analogue NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 22 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 23 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 24 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 25 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 26 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 27 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 28 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 29 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 30 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 31 Phage Phage NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 32 display display NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 33 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 34 combinatorial combinatorial JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 35 peptide peptide NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 36 libraries library NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 37 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 38 application application NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 39 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 40 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 41 research research NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 42 Design design NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 43 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 44 structure structure NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 45 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 46 peptide peptide JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 47 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 48 peptidomimetic peptidomimetic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 49 antagonists antagonist NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 50 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 51 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 52 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 53 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 54 interaction interaction NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 55 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 56 gp41 gp41 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 57 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 58 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 59 target target NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 60 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 61 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 62 entry entry NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 63 inhibition inhibition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 64 Antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 65 peptides peptide NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 66 targeting target VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 67 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 68 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 69 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 70 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 71 envelope envelope NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 72 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 73 Peptide Peptide NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 74 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 75 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 76 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 77 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 78 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 79 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 80 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 81 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 82 infectivity infectivity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 83 Novel Novel NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 84 agmatine agmatine NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 85 dipeptide dipeptide NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 86 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 87 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 88 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 89 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 90 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 91 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 92 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 93 / / , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 94 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 95 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 96 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 97 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 98 P3 P3 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 99 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 100 N n CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 101 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 102 cap cap NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 103 optimization optimization NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 104 study study NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 105 Tripeptide Tripeptide NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 106 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 107 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 108 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 109 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 110 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 111 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 112 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 113 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 114 - - : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 377 115 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 378 1 protease protease NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 378 2 Peptide Peptide NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 378 3 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 378 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 379 1 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 379 2 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 379 3 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 379 4 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 379 5 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 379 6 SAR SAR NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 379 7 study study NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 379 8 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 379 9 tetrapeptide tetrapeptide NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 380 1 aldehyde aldehyde NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 380 2 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 1 Inhibition inhibition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 2 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 3 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 4 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 5 - - : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 6 NS3 ns3 RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 7 protease protease NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 8 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 9 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 10 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 11 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 12 Vero Vero NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 13 cells cell NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 14 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 15 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 16 retrocyclin-1 retrocyclin-1 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 17 Potent Potent NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 18 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 19 specifi specifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 20 c c NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 21 genetic genetic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 22 interference interference NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 23 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 24 double double RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 25 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 26 stranded strand VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 27 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 28 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 29 Caenorhabditis Caenorhabditis NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 30 elegans elegan NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 31 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 32 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 33 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 34 target target NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 35 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 36 double double RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 37 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 38 stranded strand VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 39 RNA rna NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 40 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 41 mediated mediate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 42 genetic genetic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 43 interference interference NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 44 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 45 Caenorhabditis Caenorhabditis NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 46 elegans elegan NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 47 Sequence sequence NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 48 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 49 specifi specifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 50 c c NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 51 inhibition inhibition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 52 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 53 microRNA microRNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 54 - - : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 55 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 56 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 57 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 58 induced induce VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 59 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 60 silencing silence VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 61 Mechanisms Mechanisms NNPS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 62 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 63 gene gene NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 64 silencing silencing NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 65 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 66 double double RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 67 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 68 stranded strand VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 69 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 70 Actively actively RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 71 replicating replicate VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 72 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 73 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 74 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 75 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 76 resistant resistant JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 77 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 78 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 79 delivery delivery NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 80 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 81 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 82 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 83 single single JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 84 siRNA sirna NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 85 suppresses suppress VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 86 fatal fatal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 87 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 88 induced induce VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 89 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 90 two two CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 91 different different JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 92 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 381 93 aviviruses aviviruse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 2 utility utility NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 3 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 4 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 5 transcripts transcript NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 6 produced produce VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 7 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 9 polymerase polymerase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 10 i i PRP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 11 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 12 down down RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 13 regulating regulate VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 14 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 15 gene gene NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 16 expression expression NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 17 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 18 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 19 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 20 negativeand negativeand JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 21 positive positive JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 22 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 23 strand strand NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 24 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 25 viruses virus NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 26 Expression expression NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 27 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 28 vector vector NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 29 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 30 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 31 small small JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 32 interfering interfere VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 33 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 34 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 35 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 36 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 37 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 38 effectively effectively RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 39 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 40 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 41 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 42 Inhibition inhibition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 43 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 44 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 45 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 46 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 47 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 48 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 49 cells cell NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 50 stably stably RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 51 transfected transfecte VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 52 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 53 vector vector NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 54 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 55 based base VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 56 shRNA shrna NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 57 expression expression NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 58 system system NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 59 Transvascular Transvascular NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 60 delivery delivery NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 61 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 62 small small JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 63 interfering interfere VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 64 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 65 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 66 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 67 central central JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 68 nervous nervous JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 69 system system NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 70 RVGpeptide rvgpeptide NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 71 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 72 linked link VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 73 trimethylated trimethylated JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 74 chitosan chitosan NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 75 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 76 delivery delivery NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 77 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 78 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 79 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 80 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 81 brain brain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 82 Delivery delivery NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 83 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 84 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 85 small small JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 86 interfering interfere VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 87 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 88 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 89 gold gold NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 90 nanoparticles nanoparticle NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 91 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 92 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 93 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 94 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 95 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 96 vitro vitro FW cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 97 Delivery delivery NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 98 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 99 multiple multiple JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 100 siRNAs sirna NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 101 using use VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 102 lipid lipid NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 103 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 104 coated coat VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 105 PLGA PLGA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 106 nanoparticles nanoparticle NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 107 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 108 treatment treatment NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 109 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 110 prostate prostate NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 111 cancer cancer NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 112 Inhibition Inhibition NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 113 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 114 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 115 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 116 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 117 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 118 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 119 retrovirus retrovirus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 120 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 121 delivered deliver VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 122 small small JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 123 interfering interfere VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 124 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 125 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 126 human human JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 127 neuroblastoma neuroblastoma NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 382 128 cells cell NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 383 1 Alpha/ Alpha/ NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 384 1 beta beta NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 384 2 interferon interferon NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 384 3 protects protect VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 384 4 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 384 5 lethal lethal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 384 6 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 384 7 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 384 8 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 384 9 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 384 10 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 384 11 restricting restrict VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 384 12 cellular cellular JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 384 13 tropism tropism NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 384 14 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 384 15 enhancing enhance VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 384 16 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 384 17 survival survival NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 385 1 Beta beta NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 386 1 interferon interferon NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 386 2 controls control VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 386 3 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 386 4 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 386 5 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 386 6 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 386 7 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 386 8 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 386 9 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 386 10 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 387 1 IL-1beta il-1beta JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 387 2 signaling signaling NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 387 3 promotes promote VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 387 4 CNS CNS NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 387 5 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 387 6 intrinsic intrinsic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 387 7 immune immune JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 387 8 control control NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 387 9 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 387 10 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 387 11 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 387 12 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 387 13 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 387 14 Abrogation abrogation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 387 15 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 387 16 macrophage macrophage NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 387 17 migration migration NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 387 18 inhibitory inhibitory JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 387 19 factor factor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 1 decreases decrease VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 2 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 3 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 4 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 5 lethality lethality NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 6 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 7 limiting limit VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 8 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 9 neuroinvasion neuroinvasion NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 10 T T NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 11 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 12 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 13 recruitment recruitment NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 14 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 15 control control NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 16 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 17 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 18 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 19 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 20 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 21 A a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 22 role role NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 23 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 24 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 25 chemokine chemokine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 26 RANTES rante NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 27 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 28 regulating regulate VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 29 CD8 CD8 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 30 T T NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 31 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 32 responses response NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 33 during during IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 34 chronic chronic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 35 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 36 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 37 Chemokine Chemokine NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 38 receptor receptor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 39 CCR5 CCR5 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 40 promotes promote VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 41 leukocyte leukocyte NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 42 traffi traffi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 43 cking cking JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 44 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 45 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 46 brain brain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 47 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 48 survival survival NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 388 49 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 1 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 2 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 3 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 4 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 5 IL-22 IL-22 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 6 signaling signal VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 7 contributes contribute VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 8 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 9 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 10 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 11 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 12 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 13 Clinical clinical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 14 - - : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 15 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 16 cost cost NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 17 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 18 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 19 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 20 pegylated pegylated JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 21 interferon interferon NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 22 alfa alfa NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 23 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 24 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 25 treatment treatment NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 26 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 27 chronic chronic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 28 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 29 C C NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 30 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 31 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 32 systematic systematic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 33 review review NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 34 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 35 economic economic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 389 36 evaluation evaluation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 390 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 390 2 NS5 ns5 JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 390 3 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 390 4 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 390 5 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 390 6 virulent virulent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 390 7 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 390 8 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 390 9 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 390 10 NY99 NY99 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 390 11 strain strain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 390 12 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 390 13 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 390 14 potent potent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 390 15 antagonist antagonist NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 390 16 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 390 17 type type NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 391 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 391 2 interferon interferon NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 391 3 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 391 4 mediated mediate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 391 5 JAK JAK NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 391 6 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 391 7 STAT STAT NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 391 8 signaling signal VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 391 9 Flavivirus Flavivirus NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 391 10 antagonism antagonism NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 391 11 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 391 12 type type NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 392 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 392 2 interferon interferon VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 392 3 signaling signal VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 392 4 reveals reveal VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 392 5 prolidase prolidase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 392 6 as as IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 392 7 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 392 8 regulator regulator NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 392 9 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 392 10 IFNAR1 ifnar1 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 392 11 surface surface NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 392 12 expression expression NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 392 13 Interferon interferon NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 392 14 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 392 15 lambda lambda NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 392 16 restricts restrict VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 392 17 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 392 18 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 392 19 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 392 20 neuroinvasion neuroinvasion NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 392 21 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 392 22 tightening tighten VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 393 1 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 393 2 blood blood NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 393 3 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 393 4 brain brain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 393 5 barrier barrier NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 393 6 Cyclosporine Cyclosporine NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 393 7 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 393 8 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 393 9 avivirus avivirus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 393 10 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 393 11 through through IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 393 12 blocking block VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 393 13 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 393 14 interaction interaction NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 393 15 between between IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 393 16 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 393 17 cyclophilins cyclophilin NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 393 18 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 393 19 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 393 20 NS5 ns5 JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 393 21 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 2 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 3 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 4 proteasome proteasome VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 5 pathway pathway NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 6 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 7 important important JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 8 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 9 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 10 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 11 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 12 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 13 primary primary JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 14 human human JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 15 endothelial endothelial NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 16 cells cell NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 17 Dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 18 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 19 serotype serotype NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 20 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 21 specifi specifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 22 es es XX cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 23 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 24 activation activation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 25 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 26 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 27 unfolded unfolded JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 28 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 29 response response NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 30 Mycophenolic Mycophenolic NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 31 acid acid NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 32 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 33 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 34 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 35 infection infection NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 36 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 37 preventing prevent VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 38 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 39 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 40 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 394 41 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 2 predominant predominant JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 3 mechanism mechanism NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 4 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 5 which which WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 6 ribavirin ribavirin NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 7 exerts exert VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 8 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 9 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 10 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 11 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 12 vitro vitro FW cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 13 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 14 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 15 aviviruses aviviruses NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 16 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 17 paramyxoviruses paramyxoviruses NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 18 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 19 mediated mediate VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 20 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 21 inhibition inhibition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 22 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 23 IMP imp JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 24 dehydrogenase dehydrogenase NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 25 Increased increase VBD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 26 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 27 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 28 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 29 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 30 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 32 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 34 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 35 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 36 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 37 envelope envelope NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 38 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 39 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 40 seroprevalence seroprevalence NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 41 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 42 WNV WNV NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 43 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 44 wild wild JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 45 birds bird NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 46 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 47 Far far JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 48 Eastern eastern JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 49 Russia Russia NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 50 Glycosylation Glycosylation NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 51 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 52 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 53 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 54 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 55 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 56 envelope envelope NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 57 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 58 increases increase NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 59 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 60 vivo vivo NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 61 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 62 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 63 vitro vitro FW cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 64 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 65 multiplication multiplication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 66 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 67 birds bird NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 68 Multiple multiple JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 69 amino amino NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 70 acid acid NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 71 changes change NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 72 at at IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 73 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 74 fi fi NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 75 rst rst NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 76 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 77 motif motif NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 78 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 79 NS1 ns1 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 80 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 81 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 82 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 83 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 84 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 85 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 86 necessary necessary JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 87 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 88 complete complete JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 89 attenuation attenuation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 90 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 91 mouse mouse NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 92 neuroinvasiveness neuroinvasiveness WRB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 93 U18666A U18666A NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 94 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 95 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 96 intra intra JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 97 - - JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 98 cellular cellular JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 99 cholesterol cholesterol NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 100 transport transport NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 101 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 102 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 103 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 104 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 105 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 106 entry entry NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 107 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 108 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 109 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 110 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 111 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 112 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 113 requires require VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 114 fatty fatty JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 115 acid acid NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 116 synthesis synthesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 117 but but CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 118 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 119 independent independent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 120 on on IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 121 phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 395 122 lipids lipid NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 396 1 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 396 2 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 396 3 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 396 4 entry entry NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 396 5 requires require VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 396 6 cholesterol cholesterol NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 396 7 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 396 8 rich rich JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 396 9 membrane membrane NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 396 10 microdomains microdomain NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 396 11 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 396 12 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 396 13 independent independent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 396 14 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 396 15 alphavbeta3 alphavbeta3 NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 396 16 integrin integrin JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 397 1 Dhiraj Dhiraj NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 397 2 Acharya Acharya NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 397 3 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 397 4 Fengwei Fengwei NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 397 5 Bai Bai NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 397 6 Discovery Discovery NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 397 7 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 397 8 insect insect NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 397 9 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 398 1 human human JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 398 2 dengue dengue NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 398 3 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 398 4 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 398 5 factors factor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 399 1 Exploitation exploitation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 399 2 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 399 3 cellular cellular JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 399 4 pathways pathway NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 399 5 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 399 6 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 399 7 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 399 8 Host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 399 9 factors factor NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 399 10 involved involve VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 399 11 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 399 12 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 399 13 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 399 14 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 399 15 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 399 16 Characterization characterization NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 399 17 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 399 18 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 399 19 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 399 20 resistance resistance NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 399 21 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 399 22 brequinar brequinar VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 399 23 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 399 24 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 399 25 culture culture NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 1 Inhibition inhibition NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 2 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 3 dengue dengue NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 4 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 5 through through IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 6 suppression suppression NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 7 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 8 host host NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 9 pyrimidine pyrimidine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 10 biosynthesis biosynthesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 11 Novel Novel NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 12 imino imino NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 13 sugar sugar NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 14 derivatives derivative NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 15 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 16 potent potent JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 17 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 18 activity activity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 19 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 20 fl fl NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 21 aviviruses aviviruses NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 22 Mechanism Mechanism NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 23 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 24 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 25 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 26 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 27 neuroinvasion neuroinvasion NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 28 : : : cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 29 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 30 critical critical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 31 appraisal appraisal NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 32 Nocodazole Nocodazole NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 33 delays delay VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 34 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 35 entry entry NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 36 into into IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 37 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 38 brain brain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 39 following follow VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 40 footpad footpad NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 41 inoculation inoculation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 42 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 43 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 44 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 45 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 46 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 47 mice mouse NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 48 Identifi Identifi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 49 cation cation NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 50 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 51 cis cis NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 52 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 53 acting act VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 54 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 55 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 56 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 57 structural structural JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 58 feature feature NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 59 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 60 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 61 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 62 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 63 3′-terminus 3′-terminus CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 64 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 65 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 66 facilitate facilitate VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 67 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 68 minus minus IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 69 strand strand NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 70 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 71 synthesis synthesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 72 Cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 400 73 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 401 1 TIA-1 tia-1 IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 401 2 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 401 3 TIAR TIAR NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 401 4 interact interact VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 401 5 with with IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 401 6 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 401 7 3′ 3′ CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 401 8 stem stem NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 401 9 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 401 10 loop loop NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 401 11 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 401 12 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 401 13 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 401 14 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 401 15 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 1 complementary complementary JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 2 minus minus JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 3 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 4 strand strand NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 6 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 7 facilitate facilitate VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 8 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 9 replication replication NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 10 BHK BHK NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 11 cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 12 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 13 that that WDT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 14 bind bind VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 15 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 16 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 17 3′ 3′ CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 18 stem stem NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 19 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 20 loop loop NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 21 structure structure NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 22 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 23 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 24 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 25 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 26 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 27 genome genome NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 28 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 29 Interaction Interaction NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 30 between between IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 31 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 32 cellular cellular JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 33 protein protein NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 34 eEF1A eef1a NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 35 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 36 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 37 3′-terminal 3′-terminal CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 38 stem stem NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 39 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 40 loop loop NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 41 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 42 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 43 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 44 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 45 genomic genomic JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 402 46 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 403 1 facilitates facilitate VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 403 2 viral viral JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 403 3 minus minus JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 403 4 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 403 5 strand strand NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 403 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 403 7 synthesis synthesis NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 403 8 Cell cell NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 403 9 proteins protein NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 403 10 bind bind VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 403 11 specifi specifi NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 403 12 cally cally RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 403 13 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 403 14 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 403 15 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 403 16 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 1 minus minus JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 2 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 3 strand strand NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 4 3′ 3′ CD cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 5 stem stem NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 6 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 7 loop loop NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 9 Cost cost NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 10 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 11 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 12 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 13 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 14 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 15 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 16 vaccination vaccination NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 17 Prospects prospect NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 18 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 19 development development NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 20 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 21 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 22 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 23 against against IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 24 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 25 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 26 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 27 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 28 Immune immune VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 29 responses response NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 30 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 31 an an DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 32 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 33 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 34 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 35 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 36 NS4B NS4B NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 37 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 38 P38 P38 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 39 G G NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 40 mutant mutant JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 41 strain strain NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 42 Phase Phase NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 43 II II NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 404 44 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 1 randomized randomized JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 2 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 3 double double JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 4 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 5 blind blind JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 6 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 7 placebo placebo NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 8 - - HYPH cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 9 controlled control VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 10 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 11 multicenter multicenter JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 12 study study NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 13 to to TO cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 14 investigate investigate VB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 15 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 16 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 17 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 18 safety safety NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 19 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 20 a a DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 21 West West NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 22 Nile Nile NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 23 virus virus NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 24 vaccine vaccine NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 25 in in IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 26 healthy healthy JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 405 27 adults adult NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 406 1 The the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 406 2 authors author NNS cord-341050-hnuogpqn 406 3 are be VBP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 406 4 very very RB cord-341050-hnuogpqn 406 5 thankful thankful JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 406 6 to to IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 406 7 Dr. Dr. NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 406 8 Dobrivoje Dobrivoje NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 406 9 S. S. NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 406 10 Stokic Stokic NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 406 11 for for IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 406 12 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 406 13 critical critical JJ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 406 14 reading reading NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 406 15 . . . cord-341050-hnuogpqn 407 1 This this DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 407 2 work work NN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 407 3 is be VBZ cord-341050-hnuogpqn 407 4 supported support VBN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 407 5 by by IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 407 6 funding fund VBG cord-341050-hnuogpqn 407 7 from from IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 407 8 Wilson Wilson NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 407 9 Research Research NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 407 10 Foundation Foundation NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 407 11 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 407 12 Jackson Jackson NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 407 13 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 407 14 MS MS NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 407 15 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 407 16 NIH NIH NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 407 17 R15AI113706 R15AI113706 NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 407 18 , , , cord-341050-hnuogpqn 407 19 and and CC cord-341050-hnuogpqn 407 20 the the DT cord-341050-hnuogpqn 407 21 University University NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 407 22 of of IN cord-341050-hnuogpqn 407 23 Southern Southern NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 407 24 Mississippi Mississippi NNP cord-341050-hnuogpqn 407 25 . . .