key: cord-312559-ygh507x2 authors: Fiesco-Sepulveda, K. Y.; Serrano-Bermudez, L. M. title: Contributions of Latin American researchers in the understanding the novel coronavirus outbreak: A literature review date: 2020-05-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.16.20104422 sha: doc_id: 312559 cord_uid: ygh507x2 This paper aimed to give the visibility of Latin American researchers' contributions to the comprehension of COVID-19; our method was a literature review. Currently, the world is facing a health and socioeconomic crisis caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and its disease COVID-19. Therefore, in less than four months, researchers have published a significant number of articles related to this novel virus. For instance, a search focused on the Scopus database on April 10, 2020, showed 1224 documents published by authors with 1797 affiliations from 80 countries. 25.4%, 24.0%, and 12.6% of these national affiliations were from China, Europe, and the USA, respectively, making these regions leaders in COVID-19 research. In the case of Latin America, on April 10, 2020, we searched different databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, finding that the contribution of this region was 2.7% of the total publications found. In other words, we found 153 publications related to COVID-19 with at least one Latin American researcher. We summarized and processed the information from these 153 publications, finding active participation in topics like medical, social, and environmental considerations, bioinformatics, and epidemiology. Manuscript to be reviewed . CC-BY 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted May 22, 2020. . 243 analyzed, where Borges do Nascimento et al. (2020) suggested that excluding the non-invasive 244 ventilation usage since no evidence supports its benefits. 245 Regarding lethality, the most affected population (81%) was the older group (60 years or more), 246 but additional information is required to understand the COVID-19 impact on other continents 247 because most of the data used in these meta-analyses came from China. Therefore, meta-analyses 248 using Latin American cases would also be ideal for determining how COVID-19 could affect this 249 region, which has some differences, such as lower average age or higher exposure to respiratory 250 infections than other regions like Europe (Amariles et al., 2020a). A third meta-analysis was 251 found, which suggested that it could be possible to predict if a patient with COVID-19 can 252 present complications. Lagunas-Rangel (2020) hypothesized that complications are related to 253 high levels of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and low levels of lymphocyte-to-C-reactive 254 protein ratio (LCR). Manuscript to be reviewed . CC-BY 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. Manuscript to be reviewed . CC-BY 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted May 22, 2020. Manuscript to be reviewed . CC-BY 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. Manuscript to be reviewed . CC-BY 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted May 22, 2020. Manuscript to be reviewed . CC-BY 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted May 22, 2020. Manuscript to be reviewed . CC-BY 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted May 22, 2020. Manuscript to be reviewed . CC-BY 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted May 22, 2020. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.16.20104422 doi: medRxiv preprint mental health considerations, search for potential treatments, and 152 meta-analyses. Excluding the general aspects, the remaining topics are shown in the following Her first 160 research focused on a phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2, finding that among the viruses 161 compared, this virus is closely related to bat-SL-CoVZXC21 (GenBank ID MG772934.1), while 162 the least related is MERS then, authors suggested first that SARS-CoV-2 is unlikely to come directly from 165 pangolin viruses, and second, that if SARS-CoV-2 has a recombinant origin, this recombination 166 did not happen in ORF1ab. Nevertheless, both Benvenuto et al. (2020b) and Cardenas-Conejo et 167 al. (2020) concluded that the novel virus could come from a bat SARS-like coronavirus isolate, 168 which is in agreement with reports from the GISAID database Subsequent studies of the Giovanetti group found differences in the superficial spike protein S of This ability could be attributed 197 from countries such as Chile (Castillo et al., 2020) or Nepal (Sah et al., 2020). Researchers from 198 other countries have also sequenced the genomes of strains from Argentina totaling 98 genome sequences until 2020 (see Supplementary S2 file for detailed information of all sequences). The 201 GISAID database has these 98 sequences collected along with 10,380 others Table 2 203 summarizes this information by country, showing that Brazil and Mexico have the highest 204 number of sequenced genomes evidencing the high heterogeneity to track first cases in different countries have been performed, such as the case of tracing 211 the first cases of COVID-19 in countries like Italy (Giovanetti et al., 2020b) and Chile (Castillo 212 et al., 2020) using phylogenetic analyses. Both studies found that the first cases came from China 213 and Europe since S and G variants of SARS-CoV-2 were detected Are my patients with rheumatic diseases at higher risk of COVID-607 19? 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