key: cord-353914-zzla4frm
authors: Hu, Bo; Deng, Qing; Zhou, Qing
title: Cardiac involvement of COVID-19: Looking forward to novel discoveries and clinically valuable evidence()
date: 2020-09-01
journal: Int J Cardiol
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.05.049
sha: 
doc_id: 353914
cord_uid: zzla4frm

nan

We thank the editors and researchers for their interest and comments in our recently published study [1] .

Since the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, several clinical studies [1] [2] [3] have discovered the evidence of myocardial injury as significant elevation of cardiac troponin among the infected patients, especially those required intensive care. However, it is inconclusive whether myocardium was injured directly by SARS-CoV-2 infection. From our experiences, myocardial injury is almost in COVID-19 patients of severe and critical types and/or with underlying cardiovascular diseases [1] [2] [3] . Once myocardial injury is present, fatal risk during hospitalization significantly increases. Thus, for improving clinical management and reducing mortality, the changes of cardiac marker levels and echocardiographic presentations should be closely monitored for these patients.

Currently, the number of infected people has reached 3.6 million, while cases with myocarditis were extremely rare in the published clinical studies and case reports. Of note, two cases with suspected myocarditis underwent endomyocardial biopsy: molecular analysis of one case [4] showed absence of SARS-CoV-2 genome within myocardium and pathology of the other case [5] presented very low-grade myocardial inflammation, even clinical manifestations were similar to fulminant myocarditis. In line with our study [1] , although SARS-CoV-2 infection can be detected in myocardial tissue, cardiac involvement of COVID-19 is possibly more integrated with systemic disorders.

COVID-19-related myocarditis should be reviewed cautiously and thoroughly, including pathology and biopsy findings. Clinical investigation of SARS-CoV-2 myocarditis should focus on young patients without any underlying cardiovascular diseases. We look forward to novel discoveries and clinically valuable evidence regarding to cardiac involvement of COVID-19.

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Numbers: 81971624 and 81901759).

The authors report no relationships that could be construed as a conflict of interest.

Suspected myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19: evidence from front-line clinical observation in Wuhan, China

Cardiovascular implications of fatal outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan

Acute myocarditis presenting as a reverse Tako-Tsubo syndrome in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection

Myocardial localization of coronavirus in COVID-19 cardiogenic shock

All the authors take responsibility for all aspects of the reliability and freedom from bias of the data presented and their discussed interpretation