Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 175 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7105 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 47 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 161 social 26 COVID-19 21 medium 14 health 14 Social 9 covid-19 7 datum 6 system 6 people 6 old 6 network 6 model 6 human 6 distancing 6 Twitter 6 Health 5 work 5 loneliness 5 information 5 country 5 Facebook 5 China 4 support 4 study 4 risk 4 research 4 political 4 pandemic 4 child 4 care 4 agent 4 age 4 United 3 worker 3 self 3 problem 3 mental 3 knowledge 3 internet 3 international 3 individual 3 crisis 3 action 3 USA 3 States 3 HIV 2 service 2 scale 2 right 2 public Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 5870 health 3053 study 2716 medium 2598 people 2160 risk 2150 information 2150 datum 2081 time 2058 research 2043 % 2029 system 1904 model 1891 community 1890 effect 1835 group 1748 individual 1724 network 1560 level 1485 disease 1473 population 1472 pandemic 1443 life 1442 behavior 1439 care 1412 support 1396 analysis 1364 use 1286 distancing 1272 process 1264 relationship 1235 case 1208 service 1206 country 1196 factor 1181 change 1157 work 1111 child 1092 impact 1090 self 1086 example 1078 age 1069 response 1068 result 1050 participant 1048 number 1029 intervention 1013 policy 1009 problem 1008 role 997 family Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 2712 al 2280 et 1853 . 1374 COVID-19 1043 Social 994 Health 419 China 375 • 335 United 306 Twitter 301 HIV 277 AI 274 SARS 268 Facebook 261 States 257 US 252 New 207 World 201 Public 196 Table 190 Fig 185 March 183 Research 183 Canada 164 Hong 163 U.S. 160 UK 160 Kong 156 National 152 Spinoza 149 USA 147 India 147 AR 144 Coronavirus 137 sha 136 MERS 131 Community 130 AIDS 127 May 127 April 127 Africa 126 Europe 125 University 125 Organization 124 International 124 CC 123 social 121 DOI 119 der 119 Media Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 4355 we 4348 it 2598 they 965 them 818 i 428 us 408 you 301 one 264 themselves 220 he 194 she 170 itself 113 me 38 ourselves 27 him 24 her 23 oneself 21 herself 20 himself 14 yourself 12 's 6 myself 3 s 3 em 1 thee 1 mg 1 heals 1 -itself Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 34758 be 8157 have 3048 use 2162 do 1812 include 1724 base 1594 provide 1427 make 1215 show 1205 increase 1068 relate 1005 develop 969 see 963 take 940 report 908 give 900 find 899 need 870 reduce 867 lead 845 associate 844 identify 792 help 749 follow 723 consider 720 understand 716 suggest 700 become 696 live 686 create 680 work 654 affect 651 share 631 support 629 require 598 address 593 improve 543 focus 538 compare 528 know 523 examine 515 allow 495 perceive 495 exist 489 change 479 involve 478 promote 455 indicate 454 learn 450 regard Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 13372 social 4476 not 2999 more 2710 also 2579 such 2371 other 2059 well 1941 - 1629 public 1574 high 1293 new 1268 many 1186 different 1146 old 1139 most 1138 as 1122 mental 1109 human 1103 only 1062 online 1048 however 1044 important 950 low 908 physical 880 first 854 political 853 economic 835 even 833 large 833 e.g. 701 local 690 often 690 individual 687 significant 676 less 661 positive 660 medical 646 specific 644 long 638 global 635 psychological 630 so 627 good 620 great 609 non 608 current 605 early 592 further 578 same 574 key Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 353 most 232 good 215 least 121 Most 103 high 55 large 54 great 31 low 21 bad 20 late 18 close 16 big 15 strong 14 poor 13 early 12 near 11 old 9 small 6 wide 6 wealthy 6 simple 6 rich 6 fast 6 -which 5 short 5 long 4 young 4 hard 4 broad 3 outermost 3 easy 2 η 2 warm 2 tough 2 pure 2 fit 2 clear 2 -Local 1 ~e 1 unhealthy 1 t−8 1 thin 1 slight 1 sharp 1 protestssugg 1 pretestpostt 1 postt 1 healthy 1 harsh 1 furth Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 786 most 84 least 33 well 3 hard 1 worst 1 se=0.026 1 ecommendatio.ns 1 -cognise Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 97 doi.org 5 osf.io 4 www 4 creat 3 orcid.org 3 creativecommons.org 2 www.who.int 2 www.gov.uk 2 www.google.com 2 google.com 2 en.wikipedia.org 2 doi 1 www.worldometers.info 1 www.unacast.com 1 www.theguardian.com 1 www.standard.co.uk 1 www.scb.se 1 www.redeh 1 www.qualtrics.com 1 www.poynter.org 1 www.pewresearch.org 1 www.ncei.noaa.gov 1 www.nature.com 1 www.mdpi.com 1 www.keystonestrategy.com 1 www.ft.com 1 www.crfb.org 1 www.cmu.edu 1 www.cdc.gov 1 www.brookings.edu 1 www.boomlive.in 1 stopd 1 smart 1 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 1 public.opendatasoft.com 1 psychvault.org 1 ppesy 1 policies.google.com 1 ourwo 1 osf 1 news.un.org 1 ndssl.vbi.vt.edu 1 montrealethics.ai 1 mcmstoke 1 ies.ed.gov 1 idsc.nih.go.jp 1 healthdatagateway.org 1 github.com 1 github.c 1 factcheck.afp.com Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 28 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.10.20147488 15 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20119131 11 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.11.20229500 7 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.26.20219634 6 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020 5 http://doi.org/10 4 http://www 4 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.06.20055749 4 http://creat 3 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07 3 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.26.20113993 3 http://doi.org/10.1101 3 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 2 http://google.com/covid19/mobility 2 http://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2020.90 2 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20122192 2 http://doi 1 http://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ 1 http://www.who.int/wer/2009/wer8421.pdf?ua=1 1 http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/en/ 1 http://www.unacast.com/opt-out 1 http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/30/catastrophe-sweden-coronavirusstoicism-lockdown-europe 1 http://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/northern-ireland-confirms-first-case-of-coronavirus-a4373751.html 1 http://www.scb.se/ 1 http://www.redeh 1 http://www.qualtrics.com/uk/ 1 http://www.poynter.org/ifcn/antimisinformation-actions/ 1 http://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/social-media/ 1 http://www.ncei.noaa.gov/metadata/geoportal/rest/metadata/item/ 1 http://www.nature.com/ 1 http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/6/397/s1 1 http://www.keystonestrategy.com/coronavirus-covid19 1 http://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attach-ment_data/file/127106/121109-NHS-Outcomes-Framework-2013-14.pdf 1 http://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-of-health/about#our-priorities 1 http://www.google.com/covid19/mobility/ 1 http://www.google.com/covid19/ 1 http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a62be1dc-d897-11df-8e05-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1K1HBRFpp 1 http://www.crfb.org/blogs/visualization-cares-act 1 http://www.cmu.edu/common-cold-project 1 http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019ncov/hcp/using-ppe.html 1 http://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/03/27/class-and-covid-how-theless-affluent-face-double-risks/ 1 http://www.boomlive.in/fake-news 1 http://stopd 1 http://smart 1 http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ 1 http://public.opendatasoft.com/explore/dataset/ 1 http://psychvault.org/social-distancing-measures/ 1 http://ppesy 1 http://policies.google.com/privacy?hl=en 1 http://ourwo Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 1 daniel.shek@polyu.edu.hk 1 ceen@jiscmail.ac.uk Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 people are more 10 people do not 8 people are not 7 health is not 7 individuals do not 7 studies did not 7 support related factors 6 % reduced risk 6 models included covariate 6 research has also 6 study did not 6 study has several 5 individuals are not 5 research did not 5 studies have also 5 system is not 4 % were married 4 effects are more 4 individuals were more 4 information is not 4 media is also 4 people are often 4 people are willing 4 people use social 4 people were more 4 support was positively 3 % use social 3 % were male 3 behavior is also 3 data are available 3 data are not 3 effect is positive 3 effects were also 3 health did not 3 health is vital 3 individuals are contagious 3 individuals are more 3 information is available 3 model does not 3 model were not 3 pandemic is currently 3 pandemic is over 3 people are also 3 people are less 3 people are still 3 people did not 3 studies have not 3 study are available 3 study was very 3 support is significantly Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 effect is not significant 2 health is not significant 2 studies have not yet 1 % had no special 1 % were not satisfied 1 analysis does not simply 1 analysis was not possible 1 behavior was not strong 1 behaviors is not only 1 care including not only 1 care is not as 1 covid-19 are not yet 1 covid-19 is not yet 1 covid-19 was not only 1 data are not necessarily 1 data were not available 1 diseases are not physically 1 effects are not consistent 1 group were not significantly 1 groups have not enough 1 groups was not something 1 health are not only 1 health is not as 1 health is not merely 1 individual are not aware 1 individual is not immune 1 individual is not only 1 individuals are not alike 1 individuals are not even 1 individuals are not subject 1 individuals are not yet 1 individuals does not automatically 1 individuals have no choice 1 information are no longer 1 information has not reportedly 1 information is not always 1 information is not possible 1 information is not promptly 1 information was not available 1 information was not clear 1 life is not lower 1 media is not just 1 media was not something 1 model does not explicitly 1 model is not sufficient 1 models are not applicable 1 models did not only 1 network is not significant 1 network takes no stand 1 networks are no substitute A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-253576-bsu6j1q7 author = AMMAR, A. title = Social participation and life satisfaction of peoples during the COVID-19 home confinement: the ECLB-COVID19 multicenter study date = 2020-05-09 keywords = international; social summary = doi = 10.1101/2020.05.05.20091066 id = cord-300541-5wea9w32 author = Abdoul-Azize, Hamidou Taffa title = Social Protection as a Key Tool in Crisis Management: Learnt Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-01 keywords = SPP; covid-19; social summary = doi = 10.1007/s40609-020-00190-4 id = cord-349256-ky3h37o6 author = Abrams, Elissa M. title = Special Article: Mitigating Misinformation and Changing the Social Narrative date = 2020-08-18 keywords = Allergy; social summary = Asthma and Immunology, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; is an 35 associate editor for the Annals of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology; and is a member of the 36 Joint Taskforce on Allergy Practice Parameters 37 38 39 Mitigating Misinformation and Changing the Social Narrative 40 41 The SARS-COV-2 COVID19 pandemic has exposed a defining issue of our In recent years, there has been increasing reliance upon cable news cycles and news 57 11 While medical policy and research is 104 important, it may not be reaching our patients, as the public becomes more reliant on the 105 media and social relationships to inform their level of risk perception, and to become their 106 more trusted source of healthcare information. Who society views as a trusted healthcare 107 expert has shifted, in particular when there is ample access to a litany of information for 108 patients to research and influence their health beliefs. doi = 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.08.007 id = cord-348012-idflfwpb author = Alcover, Carlos-María title = Group Membership and Social and Personal Identities as Psychosocial Coping Resources to Psychological Consequences of the COVID-19 Confinement date = 2020-10-12 keywords = health; identity; social summary = Our results show that identity-resources (membership continuity/new group memberships, and personal identity strength) are positively related to process-resources (social support and perceived personal control), and that both are related to better perceived mental health, lower levels of anxiety and depression, and higher well-being (life satisfaction and resilience) during confinement. Based on this model, our study explores whether: (1) group memberships (specifically, membership continuity and new memberships) and personal identity strength, considered as identity-resources derived from group social identities, and (2) social support (received and provided) and perceived personal control, considered as process-resources derived from the identity-resources, are related to well-being and psychological health in the confinement experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on this model, our study explores whether: (1) group memberships (specifically, membership continuity and new memberships) and personal identity strength, considered as identity-resources derived from group social identities, and (2) social support (received and provided) and perceived personal control, considered as process-resources derived from the identity-resources, are related to well-being and psychological health in the confinement experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. doi = 10.3390/ijerph17207413 id = cord-033287-24zkbi3z author = Ali, Sana title = Combatting Against Covid-19 & Misinformation: A Systematic Review date = 2020-10-07 keywords = Health; Media; Social; covid-19; misinformation summary = Although increased access to digital media platforms facilitated exponential access to information during the current pandemic, several fabricated stories are shared without quality checking and background (Pan American Healthcare Organization, 2020). As the World Health Organization warned about misinformation due to an independent media usage, today, people are finding it hard to search for a reliable source of information, hindering the response efforts causing severe damage to the struggle for mitigating the outbreak (Article 19 2020). An explicit example can be seen during the Covid-19 pandemic, where different media platforms are found disseminating the myths and false information (Article 19 2020). Furthermore, false information about Covid-19 is not a new phenomenon as many academics, researchers, journalists, and policymakers approached World Health Organization and emphasized that this would cause serious risk to public mental and physical health (Brennen et al. Impact of Rumors or Misinformation on Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Social Media doi = 10.1007/s42087-020-00139-1 id = cord-318861-6ffgg005 author = Anderson, Mackenzie title = Social media and COVID‐19: Can social distancing be quantified without measuring human movements? date = 2020-10-22 keywords = social summary = This study proposes a new method based on utilizing the frequency of hashtags supporting and encouraging social distancing for measuring social distancing. This study proposes a new method based on utilizing the frequency of hashtags supporting and encouraging social distancing for measuring social distancing. Some companies and institutes such as Google have proposed methods to quantify social distancing based on measuring distances and movements. While the current methods are based on measuring human movements, this study proposes a new method based on utilizing the frequency of tweets supporting and encouraging social distancing for measuring social distancing. The method is based on the idea of measuring the frequency of tweets supporting and encouraging social distancing. This study proposed a cost and time effective approach to measure social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social media and COVID-19: Can social distancing be quantified without measuring human movements? doi = 10.1002/pra2.378 id = cord-011824-4ge9i90s author = Andrews, Jack L. title = Amplified Concern for Social Risk in Adolescence: Development and Validation of a New Measure date = 2020-06-23 keywords = HSRQ; risk; social summary = We developed a questionnaire measure in order to assess the degree to which adolescents and adults are concerned about engaging in health and social risk behaviours. An additional CFA to assess a one-factor structure did not achieve good model fit (RMSEA = 0.12 (0.11-0.13), SRMR = 0.10, CFI = 0.72, and TLI = 0.70), indicating that concern about risk taking is not a unitary construct and is instead domain specific (health, social). An additional CFA to assess a one-factor structure did not achieve good model fit (RMSEA = 0.18 (0.17-0.19), SRMR = 0.16, CFI = 0.60, and TLI = 0.50), indicating that concern about risk taking is not a unitary construct across domains, and is instead domain specific (health, social), as in the adult sample. In this study, we developed a questionnaire measure of concern for health and social risk behaviours for use in adolescents and adults. doi = 10.3390/brainsci10060397 id = cord-017334-u1brl2bi author = Annandale, Ellen title = Society, Differentiation and Globalisation date = 2017-07-21 keywords = country; force; global; globalisation; health; social summary = By turn, ''forced migrants'' comprises refuges, defined under the United Nations (UN) Refugee Convention of 1951 as those forced to flee to save their life or preserve their freedom; asylum seekers, or people seeking international protection, awaiting a decision on whether they have refugee status; and internally displaced persons (IDPs) forced to leave their homes to avoid armed conflict, natural or human-made disasters, or violations of human rights, but who have not crossed an international border. Although we need to be wary of overgeneralising, where ''voluntary'' movement is concerned, research points to health selection since migrants often are healthier compared to people in their country of origin, yet it is important to recognise that migration itself can carry risks such as those of transit and adjusting to life in a new country. The health consequences of forced migration are a powerful illustration of the ''social suffering [that] results from what political, economic, and institutional power does to people, and reciprocally, from how these forms of power themselves influence responses to social problems'' (Kleinman et al. doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-60786-3_2 id = cord-031482-atltc10d author = Arkow, Phil title = Human–Animal Relationships and Social Work: Opportunities Beyond the Veterinary Environment date = 2020-09-05 keywords = abuse; animal; child; human; pet; social; violence summary = These venues include: agencies working in child protection and child sexual abuse; children''s advocacy centers and courthouse facility dogs; animal shelters; domestic violence shelters; public policy advocacy; clinical practice; agencies working with older and disabled populations; veterinary sentinels for intimate partner violence; and pet support services for homeless populations. Other untapped social work opportunities in animal shelters might include: strengthening collaborations with domestic violence shelters and mobile meals programs; directing and expanding pet visitation programs for long-term care facilities and animal-assisted interventions for at-risk populations; developing pet loss grief support groups; developing safety net supportive programming for individuals who experience a medical, economic or housing crisis that temporarily makes it difficult to keep an animal; defusing contentious confrontations with shelter clients; resolving customers'' complaints and needs for services; and connecting pet owners with community resources, such as low-cost pet and veterinary services, animal behavioral counselors, pet food banks, and social services agencies. doi = 10.1007/s10560-020-00697-x id = cord-254779-cad6pb3n author = Asakura, Kenta title = Using Simulation as an Investigative Methodology in Researching Competencies of Clinical Social Work Practice: A Scoping Review date = 2020-09-24 keywords = SBR; social; work summary = This article reports a scoping review designed to synthesize current literature that used simulation as an investigative methodology (simulation-based research; SBR) in researching practice competencies in clinical social work. The purpose of this scoping review was to systematically search and summarize the current state of social work literature, in which simulation (e.g., trained actors as standardized clients, virtual reality, staged environments) was used as an investigative methodology in researching practice competencies. Using our content expertise, the lead author (KA) and a second team member (KS) worked together to develop the following inclusion criteria to identify empirical studies written in English and published in peer-review journals: (1) used simulation-based data (e.g., live SPs, video-recordings of SPs, virtual reality, data available from OSCE), (2) examined practice competencies (i.e., knowledge, values, and skills) related to clinical social work, and (3) included study samples comprised of social workers, social work students, or social work supervisors. doi = 10.1007/s10615-020-00772-x id = cord-035133-znbqpwgu author = Aye, Baba title = Health Workers on the Frontline Struggle for Health as a Social Common date = 2020-11-10 keywords = health; social; worker summary = ''Since the 1970s, neoliberal health and social welfare policies around the world shifted resources from the public to the private sector''. An increasing number of workers delivering health and social care in public health systems became fixedterm contract staff. There is a pressing need to go beyond the limited and feeble demonstrations of government''s turn to seeming consideration of health as a social common, and only so during emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Services International, the global trade union federation which brings together thirty million workers across the world, about half of which are in the health and social sector has called for ''rapid changes in policies….that put people and planet over profit''. Privatization and Pandemic: A Cross-Country Analysis of COVID-19 Rates and Health-Care Financing Structures doi = 10.1057/s41301-020-00271-z id = cord-005385-hswyus24 author = Baehr, Peter title = On the Edge of Solidarity: The Burqa and Public Life date = 2012-08-21 keywords = citizenship; face; political; public; social; western summary = It argues that, in political terms, the wearing of the burqa and niqab is inconsistent with Western norms of equality, the backbone of the citizenship ideal; and that, in social terms, the full veil erects a partition to interpersonal understanding and reciprocity. Invented in the ancient Greek world, the concept of "public" has assumed since its birth a host of connotations: common property and the common good; a realm in which free and equal men are able to deliberate on and decide political affairs; a place of discourse rather than labor; the primacy of law over arbitrary rule; a domain in which the ruler is considered to be a kind of custodian or guardian of the commonweal rather than a seigneur or lord; a region in which citizens may find distinction and glory; an area accessible to the many; a vehicle of composite opinion; a community pursuing a joint purpose (Habermas [1962 (Habermas [ ] 1999 Oakeshott 1975: 149, 207, 218.) Each of these meanings has, in turn, taken on its own inflections; for instance, Robert Nisbet''s (1982: 249-50 ) distinction between public opinion ("the sturdy filter of long-shared values and traditions") and popular opinion (the transient froth of mood and fashion). doi = 10.1007/s12115-012-9584-2 id = cord-033481-3kxi7fd9 author = Baker, Joseph O title = Religion in the Age of Social Distancing: How COVID-19 Presents New Directions for Research date = 2020-09-16 keywords = COVID-19; pandemic; religion; religious; social summary = In this brief note written during a global pandemic, we consider some of the important ways this historical moment is altering the religious landscape, aiming our investigative lens at how religious institutions, congregations, and individuals are affected by the social changes produced by COVID-19. The centrality of intensive interactive rituals for producing the communal benefits of religion (e.g., social support, emotional catharsis, perceived healing) ensures that there will be persistent tension between many religious groups'' desire for in-person gatherings and the social distancing requirements necessary to limit the spread of COVID-19. Thinking about religion as the object of analysis and its role in disease transmission, a clear and consequential way that the pandemic has changed religion is the suspension of in-person religious gatherings, and the corresponding need to engage in "socially distanced" forms of interactive religious services and rituals. doi = 10.1093/socrel/sraa039 id = cord-026596-1kr5vmtf author = Baldwin, Cathy title = Measuring Well-Being: Trial of the Neighbourhood Thriving Scale for Social Well-Being Among Pro-Social Individuals date = 2020-06-10 keywords = Stoke; community; scale; social summary = Exploratory factor analysis revealed 11 factors that made conceptual sense including three social epidemiological pathways to well-being, networks, participation and pro-social behaviours, and four criteria for flourishing societies, autonomous citizenship, safety, cohesive communities and resilience. Validated scales offer potential benefits including: measuring NT preand -post project implementation; establishing which dimensions of NT are, and are not, working well in a community and need strengthening through further initiatives, and establishing which specific groups of people are experiencing lower levels of NT and designing projects that meet their needs. With the exception of one item (positive relationships), Huppert and So''s scale did not address social well-beingwell-being at the group or community level, i.e. how the individual responds to experiences of the social environment which can affect their health (Larson 1993; Keyes 1998) . These analyses, which included three household income categories, showed a significant trend with 9 of the 11 neighbourhood thriving scales: Collective Positive Effort, Celebration, Social Network Pathway, Optimism, Social Cohesion, Engagement Pathway, Safety, Autonomous Citizenship, and Low Resilience. doi = 10.1007/s42413-020-00067-6 id = cord-286128-i3lc5ykc author = Banerjee, Debanjan title = Social isolation in Covid-19: The impact of loneliness date = 2020-04-29 keywords = loneliness; social summary = doi = 10.1177/0020764020922269 id = cord-271432-pn02p843 author = Banerjee, Tannista title = U.S. county level analysis to determine If social distancing slowed the spread of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-06 keywords = county; covid-19; social summary = That is, social distancing in this study was measured by what proportion of a county''s population is staying home completely; how much time they were spending indoors, versus outdoors, in public spaces like working full-time, which is critical for this analysis. To analyze the effect of these social distancing measures on COVID-19 cases and how this effect is working on the treatment counties comparing to the control counties, we estimated the following difference-in-difference (DID) model: Column 1 of Table 2 shows that after controlling for county, state, time and county-time fixed effects, counties where NPIs were enacted, full time work and distance-travelled-from-home increased the COVID-19 cases by 54% (p-value 0.001) and 13% (p-value 0.001), respectively. After 15 days of enactment of the NPIs, the effects of full time work and distance travelled from home on COVID-19 infection increased to 84% and 25% (compared to 54% and 13% immediate effects). doi = 10.26633/rpsp.2020.90 id = cord-285522-3gv6469y author = Bello-Orgaz, Gema title = Social big data: Recent achievements and new challenges date = 2015-08-28 keywords = Hadoop; Spark; Twitter; big; datum; network; social summary = doi = 10.1016/j.inffus.2015.08.005 id = cord-309071-y11if8sa author = Berg-Weger, Marla title = Loneliness and Social Isolation in Older Adults During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Implications for Gerontological Social Work date = 2020-04-14 keywords = loneliness; social summary = While issues of loneliness and social isolation can often be overlooked by health and social service professionals, the COVID-19 pandemic has focused increased attention on social isolation and loneliness for all ages, particularly older adults as the most vulnerable, at-risk segment of the population. Social workers and other health professionals are learning from this crisis: • Assessing loneliness and social isolation-Because providers seldom ask about these experiences, having tools that can be easily and quickly administered to determine if the older adult is lonely or socially isolated is critical. While the COVID-19 pandemic has forced the world to change the way in which we live, let us as scholars view it as an opportunity to assess our responses, identify lessons learned, and develop strategies and approaches to address loneliness and social isolation among older adults. doi = 10.1007/s12603-020-1366-8 id = cord-264479-s20oacr9 author = Bern-Klug, Mercedes title = COVID-19 Highlights the Need for Trained Social Workers in Nursing Homes date = 2020-05-25 keywords = PPE; social summary = This editorial provides examples of how nursing home social workers are adapting the way they connect with residents and families during the pandemic and concludes with suggestions. In nursing homes experiencing PPE shortages, the lack of equipment means activities and social services staff cannot safely enter resident rooms. While a core function of the social work role has always been to anticipate, assess and address resident psychosocial needs, social workers have also been key liaisons between the family and the facility. In nursing homes with multiple COVID deaths, social workers leave work with a pit in their stomach from the phone conversations with family members to discuss what to do with the decedent''s body and their belongings. Including degreed and licensed social workers as part of the core team is a basic way to provide psychosocial care in nursing homes and enhance resident quality of life. doi = 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.049 id = cord-275622-v5o4uayk author = Bjursell, Cecilia title = The COVID-19 pandemic as disjuncture: Lifelong learning in a context of fear date = 2020-10-30 keywords = Jarvis; learning; pandemic; social summary = These directives to change what was hitherto entirely "normal" behaviour among human beings has caused "disjuncture" in people''s lives; namely, a disharmony between the world as we knew it and the state of the world during the current pandemic. Footnote 2 (continued) practice of social distancing to ongoing, long-term changes in society; and (3) highlight certain risks and possibilities which need to be addressed if our goal is to support people''s engagement in the kind of learning that is directed towards achieving a better post-pandemic life and a better post-pandemic society. In view of the fact that social distancing can have serious negative effects on people and society, the next section provides an analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic as disjuncture and what this entails in terms of learning. Returning to "non-reflective learning", it is interesting to note that the COVID-19 pandemic and the recommendations and directives that have been issued with respect to social distancing have already changed the way in which we behave. doi = 10.1007/s11159-020-09863-w id = cord-302431-13hperkz author = Blanchard, Janice title = For us, COVID‐19 is personal date = 2020-05-17 keywords = COVID-19; social summary = doi = 10.1111/acem.14016 id = cord-349546-60nsap32 author = Bland, A. R. title = COVID-19 induced social isolation; implications for understanding social cognition in mental health date = 2020-10-08 keywords = social summary = Social isolation, loneliness and uncertainty are key risk factors for developing mental health problems and pose a significant concern for the long-term consequences of social distancing (Vatansever, Wang, & Sahakian, 2020) . A fundamental question remains as to whether social cognition deficits are inherent vulnerability markers of mental health problems, whereby people with impaired social cognitive skills have difficulty with forming normal social support networks resulting in withdrawal and loneliness, or whether they are a secondary consequence of prolonged periods of isolation and poor social connections resulting from mental health symptoms. Social distancing measures have presented a unique opportunity to examine the effects of social isolation on people without prior mental health disorders in order to ascertain whether social isolation has a detrimental impact on social cognitive ability. This has important implications for how we interpret social cognitive deficits in mental health disorders and inform the development of appropriate interventions. doi = 10.1017/s0033291720004006 id = cord-302708-wt86pp4l author = Bonell, Chris title = Harnessing behavioural science in public health campaigns to maintain ‘social distancing’ in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: key principles date = 2020-08-01 keywords = covid-19; message; social summary = title: Harnessing behavioural science in public health campaigns to maintain ''social distancing'' in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: key principles As a group of behavioural and social scientists who have shared their advice with government through the UK''s Government Office for Science, we have collaborated to develop a series of principles to inform interventions to promote whole population adherence to social distancing measures. Messages promoting care for others are rooted in the psychology of social identity, 12 social influence 13 and moral behaviour, 14 with evidence of benefits in the COVID-19 and other health contexts. 17 18 In communicating such messages, it is important to recognise variation across population groups, for example by age, socio-economic status and ethnic group, in terms of what is given up when adhering to social distancing, 19 which might inform segmented communication and enablement strategies (see principle 8 below). doi = 10.1136/jech-2020-214290 id = cord-274307-kl0uvrbw author = Bordet, Régis title = Is the drug a scientific, social or political object? date = 2020-05-23 keywords = drug; social summary = Pragmatic trials, adaptive trials using the Bayesian approach, studies with external comparators, trials on small samples, taking into account secondary assessment criteria and the use of biomarkers are all methodological innovations that aim to make the framework of controlled trials more flexible in order to speed up or improve the evaluation of drugs, without abandoning the major and basic principle of comparison [1, 2] . The media outburst against methodology rightly clashes with the convictions of the vast majority of health professionals, who have perhaps not sufficiently integrated the fact that drugs, which they consider above all as a scientific object that is their prerogative, have also become an issue that the social body has taken up. While society may request answers from public authorities and healthcare professionals regarding the risks/benefits balance of drugs, social facts may also influence the medical use or diversion of medicines, or even investment in their development. doi = 10.1016/j.therap.2020.05.012 id = cord-297287-0i4nc353 author = Braun, Benjamin title = Simulating phase transitions and control measures for network epidemics caused by infections with presymptomatic, asymptomatic, and symptomatic stages date = 2020-09-10 keywords = agent; social summary = Using agent-based simulations on small world networks, we observe phase transitions for epidemic spread related to: 1) Global social distancing with a fixed probability of adherence. Phase transitions and control measures for network epidemics self-isolate in response to one infected social contact) all the way up to 97% with low levels of any type of social distancing. Because our goal is to understand the behavior of phase transitions regarding total number of infections in our model, we conducted secondary simulations on a refined parameter space based on the results of our regression tree analysis. There is also a clear interaction between the social distance probability and viral shedding parameters and the resulting number of infected agents and the length of the epidemic. Social distancing controls in this model exhibit a phase transition regarding total number of infections, either when imposed globally or when based on individual response to infected contacts. doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0238412 id = cord-324234-3l8n9mhf author = Brennan, John title = Social work, mental health, older people and COVID-19 date = 2020-05-12 keywords = COVID-19; Social summary = doi = 10.1017/s1041610220000873 id = cord-296500-hrxj6tcv author = Bunker, Deborah title = Who do you trust? The digital destruction of shared situational awareness and the COVID-19 infodemic date = 2020-08-04 keywords = crisis; information; platform; social summary = There have been many social and economic benefits to this digital disruption, but it has also largely contributed to the digital destruction of mental model alignment and shared situational awareness through the propagation of mis-information i.e. reinforcement of dissonant mental models by recommender algorithms, bots and trusted individual platform users (influencers). Some examples 9 of misinformation propagated during the current pandemic include: Dissonant mental models are reinforced by recommender algorithms (Lanzing, 2019 ), bots (McKenna, 2020 and trusted individual platform users or influencers (Enke & Borchers, 2019) resulting in alarming levels of digital destruction which is turn undermines social cohesion and creates a barrier to shared situational awareness and effective crisis response. When digital destruction produces mental model dissonance shared situational awareness between crisis management agencies and the general public becomes impossible to maintain and communicate (both to and from) due to inconsistencies in what constitutes reality and truth, making crisis response unmanageable. doi = 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102201 id = cord-034973-1yucjgp5 author = Burgason, Kyle A. title = Using Loseke to examine the influence of laws, myths, and claims making on sex offenders’ socially constructed realities date = 2020-11-09 keywords = Loseke; child; offender; problem; sex; social summary = doi = 10.1007/s43545-020-00005-5 id = cord-015255-1qhgeirb author = Busby, J S title = Managing the social amplification of risk: a simulation of interacting actors date = 2012-07-11 keywords = actor; amplification; model; perception; risk; social summary = doi = 10.1057/jors.2012.80 id = cord-340101-n9zqc1gm author = Bzdok, Danilo title = The Neurobiology of Social Distance date = 2020-06-03 keywords = Social; brain; effect; friend; human; loneliness; network; relationship summary = These authors conducted a follow-up analysis of 70 studies of longevity in older people, which followed ~3.5 million people over an average of ~7 years [16] : social isolation, living alone and feeling lonely increased the chances of dying by about 30%, even after accounting for age, sex and health status. There is now a wealth of evidence from long-term field studies of wild baboons that socially wellconnected females experience less harassment by other monkeys [7, 23] , have lower levels of cortisol stress hormones [25, 26] , faster wound healing [27] , produce more offspring and live longer [28] [29] [30] [31] . The perspective of brain network integration in loneliness was investigated in a seminal neuroimaging study of intrinsic functional connectivity in ~1,000 humans [124] . In humans, a longitudinal neuroimaging study indeed showed that social support from the mother promotes volume growth trajectories in the hippocampus, and predicts socioemotional development and emotion regulation in early adolescence [141] . doi = 10.1016/j.tics.2020.05.016 id = cord-308271-zzepl3on author = Calderón-Larrañaga, Amaia title = COVID-19: risk accumulation among biologically and socially vulnerable older populations date = 2020-08-17 keywords = covid-19; old; social summary = doi = 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101149 id = cord-026579-k3w8h961 author = Carr, Paul R. title = Shooting Yourself First in the Foot, then in the Head: Normative Democracy Is Suffocating, and then the Coronavirus Came to Light date = 2020-06-10 keywords = Carr; Thésée; USA; democracy; medium; political; social summary = I highlight three points related to democracy in this text, formulating the following central arguments: 1) Social media and, consequently, citizen engagement are becoming a significant filter that can potentially re-imagine the political, economic, and social worlds (outside of and beyond normative democracy), which increasingly bleed over to how we might develop and engage with ''democracy'' (Garrett 2019) ; to this end, the advent of ''fake news'' is a worthy subject to explore here because a functioning democracy, to a certain degree, is dependent on media/political literacy, critical engagement/participation, and the capacity to communicate, analyze, and disseminate nuanced perspectives, ideas, and information; I introduce a brief case study on the nefarious interpretation of the killing of Jamal Khashoggi in 2018 (BBC News 2019) to underscore the tension points in normative democracy; 2) Capitalism, or neoliberalism, needs to be more fully exposed, interrogated, and confronted if ''normative, representative, hegemonic, electoral democracy'' is to be re-considered, re-imagined, and re-invented (Lydon 2017) ; the perpetuation of social inequalities lays bare the frailty of normative democratic institutions; 3) Covid-19 has exposed the fault lines and fissures of normative democracy, illustrating here the ''common sense'' ways that power imbalances are sustained, which leaves little room for social solidarity (Human Rights Watch 2020); I present here a small case study of the economic and labor dynamic in Quebec during the coronavirus. doi = 10.1007/s42438-020-00142-3 id = cord-295786-cpuz08vl author = Castillo-Sánchez, Gema title = Suicide Risk Assessment Using Machine Learning and Social Networks: a Scoping Review date = 2020-11-09 keywords = model; social; study; suicide summary = This scoping review aims to identify the machine learning techniques used to predict suicide risk based on information posted on social networks. This scoping review aims to identify the current ML techniques used to predict suicide risk based on information posted on social networks. The authors have performed a systematic review to identify relevant papers that use suicide risk assessment models in social networks. To select the relevant studies on this topic, the authors defined the following inclusion criteria: & The studies include algorithms or models to estimate suicide risk using the social network. The research papers were excluded if they were not written in the English language, do not include a specific suicide intervention or do not report information regarding technical aspects of the model/algorithm used to detect suicide risk on social networks. The results of the application of artificial intelligence algorithms or models for suicide risk identification using data collected from social networks have been analyzed in this study. doi = 10.1007/s10916-020-01669-5 id = cord-299245-qirh1vud author = Catherine, Sylvain title = Relaxing household liquidity constraints through social security() date = 2020-08-10 keywords = Security; Social; benefit; household summary = Recent proposals suggest giving workers early access to a small portion of their future Social Security benefits to finance their consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. We compute expected benefits by simulating workers'' earnings trajectories and then discount these benefits, accounting for the long-run correlation between Social Security and stock market returns. As Fig. 1 illustrates, Social Security benefits are relatively evenly distributed across the wealth distribution, whereas the value of retirement accounts and liquid savings is concentrated in the top decile. We use this measure to evaluate the efficiency of an early distribution of 1% of Social Security benefits and compare this policy to already enacted alternatives: allowing workers to tap retirement accounts without penalty, $1200 stimulus checks, and the extension of unemployment insurance by $600 per week. The goal of this paper is to provide an actuarial analysis of a proposal to decrease future Social Security benefits to fund consumption today and to quantify its effect on household liquidity. doi = 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104243 id = cord-263255-zdufwtn4 author = Cato, Susumu title = Social distancing as a public good under the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-13 keywords = distancing; social summary = Our main figure shows the proportion of people who increased/did not change/decreased social distancing, relative to the level of altruism and sensitivity to public shaming. Results Social distancing is a public good under the COVID-19 pandemic, for which the free-rider problem is particularly severe. Using an original survey, we show that people with higher altruistic concerns and sensitivity to shaming are more likely to follow social-distancing measures. Figure 1 shows the results from an original social survey in Japan, where we measured respondents'' psychological traits and inquired about various social distancing actions. Each of the three mechanisms for mitigating collection action problems-altruism, shaming, and legal sanctions-have inherent advantages and disadvantages, and none may be strong enough individually to produce socially optimal outcomes. Figure 1 : Social Distancing by Altruism and Sensitivity to Shame NOTE: Each row shows the distribution of responses to the following question: has your frequency of going out for dinners increased or decreased since last March? doi = 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.08.005 id = cord-020197-z4ianbw8 author = Celliers, Marlie title = A Systematic Review on Fake News Themes Reported in Literature date = 2020-03-10 keywords = information; medium; social summary = The purpose of this literature review is to identify why individuals tend to share false information and to possibly help in detecting fake news before it spreads. While conducting the literature review, 22 articles highlighted the social factors; 13 articles discussed the role that cognitive factors have in contributing to the sharing and spreading of fake news; 13 articles highlighted the role of political factors; nine articles discussed how financial gain could convince a social media users to spread false information and 13 articles debated malicious factors and the effect that malicious factors have on the sharing and spreading of false information. Social media platforms, like Facebook, came under fire in the 2016 US presidential election, when fake news stories from unchecked sources were spread among many users [10] . The goal of this literature review was only to identify the factors that drive the spreading of fake news on social media platforms and did not fully address the dilemma of combatting the sharing and spreading of false information. doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-45002-1_19 id = cord-328992-gkzfqmfv author = Chang, Lennon Y. C. title = We Are All Victims: Questionable Content and Collective Victimisation in the Digital Age date = 2020-10-06 keywords = India; content; news; questionable; social summary = doi = 10.1007/s11417-020-09331-2 id = cord-025856-gc7hdqis author = Chen, Peter John title = New Media and Youth Political Engagement date = 2020-06-02 keywords = internet; medium; participation; political; social summary = First, that there is a well-established model of contemporary political mobilisation that employs both new media and large data analysis that can and have been effectively applied to young people in electoral and non-electoral contexts. As such, it is complementary to a study of youth participation in the political processes of evolved democracies, such as Australia, and the internet-based technologies that afford them access. Based on a survey of young people (16-29) in the USA, UK and Australia, and drawn from online panels, they argued that social media was positively related to increase political participation and produce a good regression analysis in support of this claim. Overall, social movement citizenship, or everyday making, presents challenges to an outcome-focused democratic analysis due to a tendency towards adhocracy, paradoxical disconnection and rapid demobilisation by political participants following their "hit-and-run" engagement. The networked young citizen: social media political participation and civic engagement The networked young citizen: social media political participation and civic engagement doi = 10.1007/s43151-020-00003-7 id = cord-282194-0sjmf1yn author = Cherak, Stephana J. title = Impact of social media interventions and tools among informal caregivers of critically ill patients after patient admission to the intensive care unit: A scoping review date = 2020-09-11 keywords = caregiver; medium; social; study summary = doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0238803 id = cord-328461-3r5vycnr author = Chire Saire, J. E. title = Infoveillance based on Social Sensors to Analyze the impact of Covid19 in South American Population date = 2020-04-11 keywords = Social; Twitter summary = The motivation of this work is analyze the capital of Spanish Speakers Countries in South America using a Text Mining Approach with Twitter as data source. Actually, there is hundreds of news around the world and dozens of papers about the coronavirus so to perform the queries is necessary to select the specific terms and consider the popular names over the population. By other hand, considering data from Table 1 , there is a strong relationship between Internet, Social Media and Mobile Connections in Argentina, Venezuela with the number of tweets and but a different context for Colombia, this insight show us the level of using in Bogota and says how the Internet Users are spread in other cities on Colombia. Infoveillance based on Social Sensors with data coming from Twitter can help to understand the trends on the population of the capitals. doi = 10.1101/2020.04.06.20055749 id = cord-286610-woqb1t06 author = Choukér, Alexander title = COVID-19—The largest isolation study in history: the value of shared learnings from spaceflight analogs date = 2020-10-22 keywords = Space; confinement; effect; isolation; social summary = doi = 10.1038/s41526-020-00122-8 id = cord-335658-7mkj518c author = Chowdhury, Imran title = Bridging the rural–urban divide in social innovation transfer: the role of values date = 2020-10-05 keywords = Aravind; Fundación; Paraguaya; Visión; logic; social summary = In focusing on factors which influence the transfer of a social innovation from a dense, population-rich setting to one where beneficiaries are geographically dispersed and the costs of service delivery are correspondingly elevated, this article helps to develop a better understanding of the ways in which organizations manage relationships with partners that have different logics. Evidence from this case study suggests that institutional bricolage may serve as potent force in driving innovation transfer, and that the process of re-combining available resources can be facilitated by the extent to which the values between partner social enterprises are aligned. I worked between interviews, field notes, company documents, archival records, and relevant literature to develop themes and codes in order to categorize findings related to the management of partnerships by social enterprises, including the impact of institutional logics and their alignment (or non-alignment) on organizational processes. doi = 10.1007/s10460-020-10132-7 id = cord-349916-x37olwv9 author = Crone, Eveline A. title = Neural and behavioral signatures of social evaluation and adaptation in childhood and adolescence: The Leiden consortium on individual development (L-CID) date = 2020-07-11 keywords = Achterberg; CID; Fig; social summary = The L-CID program has two aims: 1) to unravel the developmental trajectories, differences and commonalities of behavioral profiles and neural correlates for self and other-oriented social evaluation, which are two important components of social competence (see Fig. 3 for paradigm examples), and 2) to understand differential susceptibility to environmental enrichment (in a randomized control trial) in different phases of development, with a specific focus on early childhood and emerging adolescence. An important question for future research will be to test whether neural sensitivity of the ventral striatum and the medial prefrontal cortex are early markers for differential susceptibility to environmental influences, which may impact developmental outcomes for better and for worse. Future research should examine prosociality and self-control following social evaluation in terms of stability and change, and determine the contextual factors that influence behavior and neural activity, and brain-behavior associations. doi = 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100805 id = cord-103080-tzu61nbg author = Crowe, C. L. title = Associations of Loneliness and Social Isolation with Healthspan and Lifespan in the US Health and Retirement Study date = 2020-07-11 keywords = July; international; social summary = We followed N=11,305 US Health and Retirement Study (HRS) participants aged 50-95 from 2006-2014 to measure persistence of exposure to loneliness and social isolation. Studies with measures of loneliness and social isolation at multiple time points can compare healthy aging outcomes among those whose symptoms persist as to those with intermittent exposure. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.10.20147488 doi: medRxiv preprint chronic disease morbidity and disability collected through 2016, and a measurement of biological aging implemented in data from the 2016 Venous Blood Study. We tested how older adults'' experiences of loneliness and social isolation were related to deficits in healthy aging using longitudinal, repeated measures data from the HRS. Panel B shows effect-sizes for analysis of disability and chronic disease (incidence rate ratios (IRR)) from negative binomial regression models including covariate adjustment for age, age-squared, sex, age-sex interactions, race/ethnicity, and a dummy variable coding whether participants were assigned to the subsample of the HRS which first measured loneliness and social isolation in 2006 or 2008. doi = 10.1101/2020.07.10.20147488 id = cord-272989-14exeaud author = Dawoud, Dalia title = Pharmacy practice research priorities during the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations of a panel of experts convened by FIP Pharmacy Practice Research Special Interest Group date = 2020-08-26 keywords = Adm; COVID-19; Social summary = A panel of leading journal editors was convened by the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Pharmacy Practice Research Special Interest Group to discuss the current status of COVID-19 related research, provide their recommendations, and identify focal points for pharmacy practice, social pharmacy, and education research moving forward. From assessing the clinical and cost effectiveness of COVID-19 therapies and vaccines to assessing different models of pharmaceutical services and education delivery, these priorities will ensure that our practice is informed by the best quality scientific evidence at this very challenging time. 3 Pharmacists desire and need evidence to inform practice, and without credible and scientifically sound research studies, partly due to the rush to publish, there is not only a pandemic but an "infodemic". 3, 4 Hence, there is an urgent need to focus our research efforts to provide pharmacists and other healthcare providers with trusted information and evidence to inform patient care, pharmacy practice, and policy changes in the midst of COVID-19. doi = 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.08.020 id = cord-009604-pdctikjg author = DeLacy, Jack title = The social determinants of otitis media in aboriginal children in Australia: are we addressing the primary causes? A systematic content review date = 2020-04-15 keywords = aboriginal; social summary = A scoping content review was performed to determine the relationship between social determinants of health and otitis media in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children as described by peer-reviewed and grey literature. Despite consensus that social determinants play a key role in the high rates of otitis media in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, the majority of intervention studies within the literature are focussed on biomedical approaches such as research on vaccines and antibiotics. [14] The social determinants of health framework identifies three key areas of health for Aboriginal populations, with the literature addressing ''housing, employment, education and income'' most frequently (32%) in relation to high rates of OM in Aboriginal children. Although the literature mentions various social determinants that are consistent with the framework (e.g. housing, education, employment, community engagement, culture and history), none of the included articles evaluated these key areas of Aboriginal health with the objective to establish effective social, environmental, political or cultural-focussed interventions for OM. doi = 10.1186/s12889-020-08570-3 id = cord-308249-es948mux author = Dokuka, Sofia title = How academic achievement spreads: The role of distinct social networks in academic performance diffusion date = 2020-07-27 keywords = academic; network; social summary = doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0236737 id = cord-282035-jibmg4ch author = Dunbar, R. I. M. title = Structure and function in human and primate social networks: implications for diffusion, network stability and health date = 2020-08-26 keywords = Dunbar; individual; layer; network; size; social; structure summary = doi = 10.1098/rspa.2020.0446 id = cord-338654-ma9ayu80 author = Eaton, Lisa A. title = Social and behavioral health responses to COVID-19: lessons learned from four decades of an HIV pandemic date = 2020-04-25 keywords = COVID-19; HIV; social summary = doi = 10.1007/s10865-020-00157-y id = cord-341986-swrzzij5 author = Eghtesadi, Marzieh title = Facebook, Instagram, Reddit and TikTok: a proposal for health authorities to integrate popular social media platforms in contingency planning amid a global pandemic outbreak date = 2020-06-09 keywords = Facebook; social summary = doi = 10.17269/s41997-020-00343-0 id = cord-288708-ys4apcvg author = Emerson, Eric title = Loneliness, Social Support, Social Isolation and Wellbeing among Working Age Adults with and without Disability: Cross sectional study date = 2020-08-05 keywords = PWB; low; social summary = doi = 10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100965 id = cord-274009-ew4diub5 author = Emerson, Kerstin Gerst title = Coping with being cooped up: Social distancing during COVID-19 among 60+ in the United States date = 2020-06-29 keywords = age; respondent; social summary = doi = 10.26633/rpsp.2020.81 id = cord-309161-ceahghs1 author = Epel, Elissa S. title = The geroscience agenda: What does stress have to do with it? date = 2020-09-28 keywords = age; response; social; stress; stressor summary = doi = 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101167 id = cord-270008-h0vghr2w author = Fazio, R. H. title = Who is (Not) Complying with the Social Distancing Directive and Why? Testing a General Framework of Compliance with Multiple Measures of Social Distancing date = 2020-10-27 keywords = international; social summary = doi = 10.1101/2020.10.26.20219634 id = cord-026977-prrjscnd author = Forsner, M. title = Moral Challenges When Suspecting Abuse and Neglect in School Children: A Mixed Method Study date = 2020-06-16 keywords = Social; abuse; child; moral; report summary = doi = 10.1007/s10560-020-00680-6 id = cord-356353-e6jb0sex author = Fourcade, Marion title = Loops, ladders and links: the recursivity of social and machine learning date = 2020-08-26 keywords = Bourdieu; Facebook; Twitter; datum; learning; machine; medium; people; platform; social; system summary = Both practices rely upon and reinforce a pervasive appetite for digital input or feedback that we characterize as "data hunger." They also share a propensity to assemble insight and make meaning accretively-a propensity that we denote here as "world or meaning accretion." Throughout this article, we probe the dynamic interaction of social and machine learning by drawing examples from one genre of online social contention and connection in which the pervasive influence of machine learning is evident: namely, that which occurs across social media channels and platforms. In such settings, the data accretion upon which machine learning depends for the development of granular insights-and, on social media platforms, associated auctioning and targeting of advertising-compounds the cumulative, sedimentary effect of social data, making negative impressions generated by "revenge porn," or by one''s online identity having been fraudulently coopted, hard to displace or renew. doi = 10.1007/s11186-020-09409-x id = cord-265323-urecb44o author = Fraenkel, Peter title = Reaching Up, Down, In, and Around: Couple and Family Coping During the Corona Virus Pandemic date = 2020-06-26 keywords = Fraenkel; article; copyright; couple; family; reach; social summary = doi = 10.1111/famp.12570 id = cord-025192-ujvnio3f author = Gatens, Moira title = Spinoza: thoughts on hope in our political present date = 2020-05-25 keywords = Spinoza; TTP; affect; fear; hope; political; power; social summary = In the Theologico-Political Treatise, Spinoza offers an incisive account of how Moses used narrative, song, prayer, and law to bind the Hebrews, recently freed from slavery, into a unified affective community, now motivated by shared loves, fears, and hopes materialised through sanctioned images, enforced rituals, and socially authorised attachments. Each contribution here attempts to bring Spinoza''s account of hope to bear critically on our political present in a way that endeavours to enhance our collective powers of action and our shared capacities for joyful fellowship. For Susan James, the disempowering affects and lack of stable consensus, recently witnessed in political debates over Brexit, can be usefully addressed through a Spinozist framework that casts hope and fear in a mutually corrective and jointly empowering role. Hope and fear -about plagues, wars, and natural disasters -are not new, and remain the two most powerful drivers of our political behaviour, and the constructive institutional management of these passions is essential if governments are to provide safety and security. doi = 10.1057/s41296-020-00406-4 id = cord-352008-hvujl36d author = Gavrila Gavrila, Sorin title = Spanish SMEs’ digitalization enablers: E-Receipt applications to the offline retail market date = 2020-10-15 keywords = ONTSI; Receipt; Social; business; customer; service summary = The investigation of the literature and secondary sources has been focused on the most tangible elements affecting the day-to-day aspects of SMEs regarding digitization (PriceWaterhouseCoopers, 2016) and the ability to create new added value for customers (Chung et al., eCommerce online competitors and their technological barriers that stop them becoming digitalized, has been done, where the study explores the context of the Industry 4.0 pressure on companies (MINC-OTUR, 2020) , as well as analyzing the concepts applicable regarding digitization and digital transformation of offline retail SMEs within the ever-changing market trends and demands (Gartner 2020a) , linking the market requirements to the growing challenges of multi-channel customer communication, such as SMS (McCorke et al., 2013; Guberti, 2015) , e-mail (Hartemo, 2016; Reimers et al., 2016) , instant messaging mobile applications (Amirkhanpour et al., 2014) and social networks (Brown, 2015) . doi = 10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120381 id = cord-032269-zhk5fyfc author = Gerard, François title = Social protection response to the COVID-19 crisis: options for developing countries date = 2020-08-29 keywords = country; government; programme; social; worker summary = These strategies could include expanding their social insurance system, building on existing social assistance programmes, and involving local governments and non-state institutions to identify and assist vulnerable groups who are otherwise harder to reach. Moreover, setting up a new job retention scheme might be logistically easier than setting up an unemployment insurance programme, as governments could use firms as intermediaries to channel the income support to their workers. Social insurance programmes will fail to reach a large share of households in developing countries, in particular those mostly active in the informal sector of the economy. A comprehensive social protection response could involve local governments and a range of non-state actors to collect better information on these unmet needs and to deliver targeted assistance. Government responses based on social insurance programmes may reach many formal employees and registered self-employed (although coarsely), but will miss the informal sector, which is an important part of developing countries'' workforce. doi = 10.1093/oxrep/graa026 id = cord-207242-hb1r2aw7 author = Ghader, Sepehr title = Observed mobility behavior data reveal social distancing inertia date = 2020-04-30 keywords = COVID-19; distancing; social summary = The study revealed that statistics related to social distancing, namely trip rate, miles traveled per person, and percentage of population staying at home have all showed an unexpected trend, which we named social distancing inertia. We used daily feeds of mobile device location data, representing movements of more than 100 Million anonymized devices, integrated with COVID-19 case data from John Hopkins University and census population data to monitor the mobility trends in United States and study social distancing behavior 1 . The trends showed that all measures related to social distancing saturated and stopped improving, revealing a phenomenon we name "Social Distancing Inertia." For instance, as observed in Figure 2 the percentage of people staying home nationwide rapidly increased from 20% to 35% at the onset of COVID-19 and then has stagnated at 35% for three weeks as of April 10. doi = nan id = cord-331331-xcfk4efo author = Goldman, D. title = Voluntary Cyclical Distancing: A potential alternative to constant level mandatory social distancing, relying on an 'infection weather report' date = 2020-05-06 keywords = distancing; social summary = doi = 10.1101/2020.05.02.20084947 id = cord-031068-0k5lw6i1 author = Golightley, Malcolm title = Editorial: Unprecedented Times? Social Work and Society post-COVID-19 date = 2020-08-05 keywords = care; social; work summary = Although all articles published in the BJSW are, of course, evidence of social work research, the five grouped together at the start of this issue show some of the new directions being taken as well as providing evidence of the growing strength of the social work research community at all levels. The critical effect of the work environment is emphasised by Astvik, Welander and Larsson, who also looked at worker retention in another longitudinal study, this time of Swedish social services. Tudor used a positive critique to examine the practice accounts of school social workers, putting them alongside the main features of recovery policies which provide for individual assistance for vulnerable groups who are unlikely to access community self-help initiatives. This final group of articles all provide examples of research directly informing social work practise in different ways. doi = 10.1093/bjsw/bcaa110 id = cord-330228-plcdwazu author = Gore, Dana title = Social determinants of health in Canada: Are healthy living initiatives there yet? A policy analysis date = 2012-08-14 keywords = Canada; Health; determinant; initiative; social summary = An approach that effectively engages with the determinants has been suggested in Mikkonen and Raphael''s The Social Determinants of Health: The Canadian Facts, and includes policies that offer a higher minimum wage, higher assistance levels for those unable to work, a more progressive taxation structure that redistributes income more fairly, increased unionization, better funding of public education, government regulation of post-secondary institution tuition, stronger legislation on anti-discrimination policies and equal opportunity hiring, a national childcare strategy, strategies to increase the affordability of nutritious food, increased spending on a housing strategy, policies that reduce barriers for refugees and immigrants to practice their professions, and recognizing Aboriginal government authority over a wider range of Aboriginal affairs [3] . Structure-based: These initiatives directly acknowledge the impact of various structures (e.g. social, political, economic) that create inequities leading to chronic diseases and attempt to address the social determinants of health directly in order to improve healthy eating and active living. doi = 10.1186/1475-9276-11-41 id = cord-292721-954nxptr author = Grey, Ian title = The Role of Perceived Social Support on Depression and Sleep during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-18 keywords = COVID-19; social; support summary = doi = 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113452 id = cord-140624-lphr5prl author = Grundel, Sara title = How much testing and social distancing is required to control COVID-19? Some insight based on an age-differentiated compartmental model date = 2020-11-02 keywords = ICU; model; social summary = To this end, we develop a compartmental model that accounts for key aspects of the disease: 1) incubation time, 2) age-dependent symptom severity, and 3) testing and hospitalization delays; the model''s parameters are chosen based on medical evidence, and, for concreteness, adapted to the German situation. Then, optimal mass-testing and age-dependent social-distancing policies are determined by solving optimal control problems both in open loop and within a model predictive control framework. We address the above questions by proposing a novel compartmental model and using optimal control as well as MPC to compute open and closed-loop social distancing and testing strategies. The model contains three age groups, and it accounts for several of the key challenging characteristics of COVID-19, i.e. 1) the incubation time, 2) different levels of symptom severity depending on age, 3) delay of testing results (and the following self-isolation), and 4) delay of hospitalization. doi = nan id = cord-146850-5x6qs2i4 author = Gupta, Abhishek title = The State of AI Ethics Report (June 2020) date = 2020-06-25 keywords = Ethics; datum; different; example; human; impact; information; lead; like; need; people; social; system; work summary = Another point brought up in the article is that social media companies might themselves be unwilling to tolerate scraping of their users'' data to do this sort of vetting which against their terms of use for access to the APIs. Borrowing from the credit reporting world, the Fair Credit Reporting Act in the US offers some insights when it mentions that people need to be provided with a recourse to correct information that is used about them in making a decision and that due consent needs to be obtained prior to utilizing such tools to do a background check. Given that AI systems operate in a larger socio-technical ecosystem, we need to tap into fields like law and policy making to come up with effective ways of integrating ethics into AI systems, part of which can involve creating binding legal agreements that tie in with economic incentives.While policy making and law are often seen as slow to adapt to fast changing technology, there are a variety of benefits to be had, for example higher customer trust for services that have adherence to stringent regulations regarding privacy and data protection. doi = nan id = cord-282966-ew8lwmsn author = Haddow, George D. title = Communicating During a Public Health Crisis date = 2014-07-22 keywords = CDC; health; medium; social summary = This chapter incorporates the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention''s (CDC) best advice for communicating during a public health crisis, including infectious disease outbreaks, bioterrorism, chemical emergencies, natural disasters, nuclear accidents and radiation releases and explosions. From the CDC down to local departments of health, public health, and safety officials are using social media to push out vital and useful information to the public and to monitor and respond to public comments. Engaging with and using emerging social media may well place the emergency-management community, including medical and public health professionals, in a better position to respond to disasters" (Merchant et al., 2011) . DHS is testing whether scanning social media sites to collect and analyze health-related data could help identify infectious disease outbreaks, bioterrorism or other public health and national security risks. The purpose of an official response to a public health crisis is to efficiently and effectively reduce and prevent illness, injury, and death, and return individuals and communities to normal as quickly as possible. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-407868-0.00011-2 id = cord-292774-k1zr9yrg author = Haldule, Saloni title = Post-publication promotion in rheumatology: a survey focusing on social media date = 2020-09-13 keywords = abstract; medium; social summary = Thus, we aimed at studying the acceptance, opinion, and willingness to participate in the creation of online social media educative material among authors of published self-articles in scholarly journals. The e-survey was designed on an online cloud-based website (Survey Monkey ® .com) with the intent to cover different aspects of social media editing, such as willingness for social media promotions of (2), means of promotion (4), ethics (3), logistics (3), preference for article metrics, publication models and pre-print archiving (2), current knowledge/use of social media for these purposes (4). Over two-thirds (74) said they would like their publication promoted on social media, ResearchGate (70) being the most preferred platform, followed by Twitter (40), Facebook (37), WhatsApp (35), Academia.edu (27) , and LinkedIn (26) . To conclude, authors in rheumatology journal support the use of social media for promotions of published scholarly literature, although this does not translate into practice. doi = 10.1007/s00296-020-04700-7 id = cord-346136-sqc09x9c author = Hamilton, Kyra title = Application of the Health Action Process Approach to Social Distancing Behavior During COVID‐19 date = 2020-10-02 keywords = Australia; HAPA; behavior; model; social summary = doi = 10.1111/aphw.12231 id = cord-018947-d4im0p9e author = Helbing, Dirk title = Challenges in Economics date = 2012-02-10 keywords = agent; approach; economic; example; model; problem; social; system summary = doi = 10.1007/978-3-642-24004-1_16 id = cord-281836-j1r771nq author = Hernando-Amado, Sara title = Antibiotic Resistance: Moving From Individual Health Norms to Social Norms in One Health and Global Health date = 2020-08-28 keywords = Global; Health; antibiotic; arg; human; individual; resistance; social summary = Global Health is based on a broad collaborative and transnational approach to establish "health for all humans." In this case, it focuses AR at a general (global) scale, considering that the selection and global spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are a problem that influences the health of human societies with disparate social and economic structures and is linked to many societal and ecological factors (Chokshi et al., 2019) . Although not belonging to the antibiotic resistome, genes frequently associated with resistance to other antimicrobials, such as heavy metals or biocides, as well as the genes of the MGEs backbones, eventually involved in the transmission and selection of ARGs among microbial populations, the mobilome at large, are also relevant to track the emergence and dissemination of AR among different habitats Martinez et al., 2017; Baquero et al., 2019) . doi = 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01914 id = cord-279936-f0lh3g8u author = Heyes, Cecilia title = Culture date = 2020-10-19 keywords = Culture; cultural; social summary = doi = 10.1016/j.cub.2020.08.086 id = cord-332432-q7u943k6 author = Hofkirchner, Wolfgang title = A paradigm shift for the Great Bifurcation date = 2020-06-30 keywords = Hofkirchner; information; level; social; system summary = Since global challenges are problems of unprecedented complexity, it is argued that a secular paradigm shift is required away from the overemphasis on allegedly neutral standpoints, on a mechanistic picture of the world and on deductive logics towards accounts of emergence, of systemicity, informationality and conviviality, building upon each other and providing together a transdisciplinary edifice of the sciences, in the end, for, and by the inclusion of, citizens. For such a lesson to learn, a secular shift in thinking and acting throughout sciences and everyday life is required because human actors need to be capacitated to cope with complex challenges such as the global problems. Referring to Michael Tomasello''s Shared Intentionality Hypothesis and his Interdependence Hypothesis (Tomasello et al., 2012; Tomasello, 2014; , there have been two key steps in anthroposociogenesis (the becoming of humans and society) so far and, following the new systemic, informational and convivialist paradigm, a possible third one is imminent. doi = 10.1016/j.biosystems.2020.104193 id = cord-273918-knlc3bxh author = Holmes, Emily A title = Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science date = 2020-04-15 keywords = COVID-19; SARS; health; mental; research; social summary = 1,2 Furthermore, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, might infect the brain or trigger immune responses that have additional adverse effects on brain function and mental health in patients with Research funders and researchers must deploy resources to understand the psychological, social, and neuroscientific effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. We use the term mental health sciences to reflect the many different disciplines, including, but not limited to, psychology, psychiatry, clinical medicine, behavioural and social sciences, and neuroscience, that will need to work together in a multidisciplinary fashion together with people with lived experience of mental health issues or COVID-19 to address these research priorities. doi = 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30168-1 id = cord-321705-6a7avlro author = Hou, Tianya title = Social support and mental health among health care workers during Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak: A moderated mediation model date = 2020-05-29 keywords = health; mental; social; support summary = The current study examined the effect of social support on mental health of health care workers and its underlying mechanisms regarding the mediating role of resilience and moderating role of age during the epidemic. METHODS: Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) were administrated among 1472 health care workers from Jiangsu Province, China during the peak period of COVID-19 outbreak. Thus, the present research employed a sample of Chinese health care workers during COVID-19 outbreak to explore a conceptual model in which, on the one hand, resilience mediated the association between social support and mental health; On the other hand, the indirect relationships between social support and mental health via resilience were moderated by age group. Considering the present study was to compare the indirect effect of social support on mental health via resilience between the young and middle-aged heath care workers, participants aged 50 or over were excluded. doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0233831 id = cord-278424-ifdftckx author = Hsu, David T. title = “Next up for psychiatry: rejection sensitivity and the social brain” date = 2020-08-13 keywords = social summary = doi = 10.1038/s41386-020-00802-9 id = cord-270828-h9tgkboe author = Huang, V. S. title = Social distancing across vulnerability, race, politics, and employment: How different Americans changed behaviors before and after major COVID-19 policy announcements date = 2020-06-08 keywords = COVID-19; distancing; social summary = To investigate social distancing''s sensitivity to different population characteristics, we compared social distancing time-series data across county vulnerability as measured by the COVID-19 Community Vulnerability Index (CCVI) which defines vulnerability across socioeconomic, household composition, minority status, epidemiological, and healthcare-system related factors. Shifts in social distancing began after major announcements but prior to specific applied policies: Following the WHO declaration, national social distancing significantly increased on weekdays and weekends (-18.6% and -41.3% decline in mobility, respectively). For each population grouping listed above, we analyzed three key events: (1) the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of a global pandemic on March 11th, 2020, (2) the release of President Trump''s national guidelines for reopening ("Opening Up America Again"abbreviated OUAA) on April 16th, and (3) the time period (including effective date) of states'' first relaxation of social distancing . doi = 10.1101/2020.06.04.20119131 id = cord-307915-mmw5s981 author = Hudson, Janella title = Robotic Pet Use Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults date = 2020-08-13 keywords = adult; old; participant; pet; social summary = doi = 10.1093/geronb/gbaa119 id = cord-350270-rcft3xfh author = Hulme, Mike title = Social scientific knowledge in times of crisis: What climate change can learn from coronavirus (and vice versa) date = 2020-05-28 keywords = change; knowledge; social summary = title: Social scientific knowledge in times of crisis: What climate change can learn from coronavirus (and vice versa) Governments always have to weigh up different forms of knowledge and expertise, from scientific and technical knowledge to policy and political considerations. But in periods of crisis-when information is more uncertain, susceptible to rapid change and when more attention is given to decision-making processes-it becomes increasingly difficult to ensure the effectiveness of government interventions. Climate change too has seen mathematical modeling take a prime position in the search for authoritative knowledge in the context of deep uncertainty (Wynne, 2010) . Apart from offering inevitably uncertain predictions, mathematical models also obscure the social nature of the climate risk being faced (Wynne, 2010) . Social scientific knowledge deepens our understanding of how perceptions of risk, fear and trust impact on crisis mitigation. The underlying drivers of climate change are much more deeply rooted in global economic, technological, cultural and political structures than are those for COVID-19. doi = 10.1002/wcc.656 id = cord-328349-bg2zatzz author = Hwang, Tzung-Jeng title = Loneliness and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-26 keywords = loneliness; social summary = authors: Hwang, Tzung-Jeng; Rabheru, Kiran; Peisah, Carmelle; Reichman, William; Ikeda, Manabu At the same time, it is crucial to maintain social connections with each other, especially with older persons, to help cope and reduce the negative consequences of loneliness and social isolation. It is important to develop new strategies (e.g. virtual health care and new government policy) to address loneliness and social isolation among older adults for the post-pandemic era. However, there is a high cost associated with the essential quarantine and social distancing interventions for COVID-19, especially in older adults, who have experienced an acute, severe sense of social isolation and loneliness with potentially serious mental and physical health consequences. The impact may be disproportionately amplified in those with pre-existing mental illness, who are often suffering from loneliness and social isolation prior to the enhanced distancing from others imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic public health measures. doi = 10.1017/s1041610220000988 id = cord-355726-44x0idzn author = Ibrahim, Mohamed Izham Mohamed title = Introduction: Discovering Issues and Challenges in Low- and Middle-Income Countries date = 2017-11-10 keywords = country; health; pharmacy; social summary = This book also provides knowledge and understanding about social and administrative aspects of pharmacy in healthcare in lowand middle-income countries. On the other hand, there are growing problems with medicines, the health system, and human resources, especially in the LMICs. There are countries with high prices of medicines, a wide prevalence of nonquality medicines (i.e., substandard and counterfeit), lack of access to medicines, and absence of a national medicines policy (NMP) even with strong encouragement from World Health Organization (WHO). Further according to Frieden and Henning (2009) , a progress of public health in developing countries is possible but will require sufficient funding and human resources; improved physical infrastructure and information systems; effective program implementation and regulatory capacity; and, most importantly, political will at the highest levels of government. Social pharmacy scientists utilize both sciences to improve clinical practice, enhance the effectiveness of pharmaceutical regulations and policy, advocate political awareness, and promote improvements in pharmaceutical health services and healthcare delivery. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-811228-1.00001-7 id = cord-254191-5cxv9l3c author = Islam, A.K.M. Najmul title = Misinformation sharing and social media fatigue during COVID-19: An affordance and cognitive load perspective date = 2020-07-12 keywords = COVID-19; SMF; medium; social summary = Building off the affordance lens and cognitive load theory, we investigate how motivational factors and personal attributes influence social media fatigue and the sharing of unverified information during the COVID-19 pandemic. The lack of critique on thoughts and the amplification of radical ideas by the virtual echo-chambers created by social media have been claimed to contribute to increased dissemination of misinformation (Barberá et al., T During COVID-19, clear communication of the severity of the situation and recommended health measures was needed to ensure people took correct action and did not suffer from unnecessary anxiety (Farooq et al., 2020) . From Table 2 , DS-R is the most critical predictor followed by exploration, self-promotion, religiosity, SMF, and entertainment in predicting unverified information sharing. We found that SMF, self-promotion, entertainment, exploration, DS-R, and religiosity all predicted unverified COVID-19 information sharing on social media. doi = 10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120201 id = cord-340827-vx37vlkf author = Jackson, Matthew O. title = Chapter 14 Diffusion, Strategic Interaction, and Social Structure date = 2011-12-31 keywords = Jackson; Social; action; agent; chapter; model; network summary = Seminal studies by Ryan and Gross (1943) and Griliches (1957) examined the effects of social connections on the adoption of a new behavior, specifically the adoption of hybrid corn in the U.S. Looking at aggregate adoption rates in different states, these authors illustrated that the diffusion of hybrid corn followed an S-shape curve over time: starting out slowly, accelerating, and then ultimately decelerating. The shape of the distribution F determines which equilibria are tipping points: equilibria such that only a slight addition to the fraction of agents choosing the action 1 shifts the population, under the best response dynamics, to the next higher equilibrium level of adoption (we return to a discussion of tipping and stable points when we consider a more general model of strategic interactions on networks below). While the above models provide some ideas about how social structure impacts diffusion, they are limited to settings where, roughly speaking, the probability that a given individual adopts a behavior is simply proportional to the infection rate of neighbors. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-444-53187-2.00014-0 id = cord-275028-u6s0gr31 author = Karos, Kai title = The social threats of COVID-19 for people with chronic pain date = 2020-07-13 keywords = COVID-19; chronic; pain; social summary = doi = 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002004 id = cord-253212-ygmkul62 author = Khrennikov, Andrei title = Social Laser Model for the Bandwagon Effect: Generation of Coherent Information Waves date = 2020-05-17 keywords = energy; information; internet; quantum; social summary = The main output of this paper is presented in Section 5 describing the quantum-like mechanism of the generation of big waves of coherent information excitations. Thus, we model the information field as a quantum field with communications (generated, e.g., by mass media) as quanta carrying social energy and some additional characteristics related to communication content. The information flows generated by mass media and the Internet are so powerful that people are not able to analyze communication content deeply, they just scan its quasi-color and absorb a quantum of the social energy carried by this communication. Thus, information excitations in the echo chamber generated by posted communications not only increase the probability of emission of new information excitations by excited atoms, but they also perform the function of additional energy pumping into the gain medium (social group). doi = 10.3390/e22050559 id = cord-016146-2g893c2r author = Kim, Yeunbae title = Artificial Intelligence Technology and Social Problem Solving date = 2019-03-14 keywords = datum; problem; social summary = In this letter, we will present the views on how AI and ICT technologies can be applied to ease or solve social problems by sharing examples of research results from studies of social anxiety, environmental noise, mobility of the disabled, and problems in social safety. In this letter, I introduce research on the informatics platform for social problem solving, specifically based on spatio-temporal data, conducted by Hanyang University and cooperating institutions. The research focuses on social problems that involve spatio-temporal information, and applies social scientific approaches and data-analytic methods on a pilot basis to explore basic research issues and the validity of the approaches. Furthermore, (1) open-source informatics using convergent-scientific methodology and models, and (2) the spatio-temporal data sets that are to be acquired in the midst of exploring social problems for potential resolution are developed. Convergent approaches offer the new possibility of building an informatics platform that can interpret, predict and solve various social problems through the combination of social science and data science. doi = 10.1007/978-981-13-6936-0_2 id = cord-017349-eu1gvjlx author = Koh, Howard K. title = Disaster Preparedness and Social Capital date = 2008 keywords = U.S.; health; public; social summary = In many parts of the United States, efforts have focused attention to regionalization of local public health, surge capacity planning, vulnerable populations, risk communication, and training through exercises and drills. The United States unveiled its National Pandemic Influenza Plan in November, 2005, addressing areas such as domestic and international surveillance, vaccine development and production, antiviral therapeutics, communications and state/local preparedness. Mounting a rapid, coordinated, integrated local response to mass casualty events such as pandemic influenza necessitates tight collaboration among a host of participants, including emergency management, public health, law enforcement, fire, emergency medical services, health care providers, public works, municipal government, and community-based organizations. In a time of social isolation where many are "bowling alone", disaster preparedness efforts may serve as a force that reverses this trend and contributes to a legacy of stronger local public health and a more revitalized society for the future. doi = 10.1007/978-0-387-71311-3_13 id = cord-194766-binlxvvc author = Kokubun, Keisuke title = Social capital may mediate the relationship between social distance and COVID-19 prevalence date = 2020-07-20 keywords = capital; density; social summary = In connection with the coronal disaster this time, studies that analyzed GPS information in the United States showed that residents in counties with high social capital were more cooperative in going out regulations (Borgonovi & Andrieu, 2020) and reduced the increase of coronavirus infection (Varshney & Socher, 2020) . However, to the best of my knowledge, no studies have shown that even if the effects of population density (social distance) are removed, there is a negative correlation between high social capital and coronavirus infection rates. The results in this paper show that the negative correlation between social capital and infection rates is still statistically significant in controlling population density. Besides, controlling the relationship between variables by mean age showed that social capital had a greater correlation with infection rate than population density. Besides, controlling the relationship between variables by mean age showed that social capital had a greater correlation with infection rate than population density. doi = nan id = cord-331766-sdbagsud author = Kung, Janet WC. title = How surgeons should behave on social media date = 2020-08-30 keywords = medium; social; surgeon summary = With their many facilities and applications, social media platforms offer opportunities for patient resources and education, professional networking, research collaboration and dissemination, public engagement and policy discussions, and personal and professional support. As social media has become ubiquitous, it is critically important for surgeons, whether active enthusiastic users or passive apprehensive observers, to be aware of the potential risks and pitfalls and to take caution and control over their online presence. While there are definite positive aspects of social media, there are users whose online behaviour has a negative impact on their colleagues, the surgical community, and the medical profession as a whole. 12 Surgeons must also be aware that just because a visual abstract or content has been widely shared or retweeted on social media PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT SURGERY xxx:xxx platforms, it does not necessarily mean that it is of high quality. 3 All content posted on social media, regardless of whether it originates from a surgeon''s personal or professional account, should be regarded as visible to the public. doi = 10.1016/j.mpsur.2020.07.014 id = cord-264655-v0v7zsaw author = Kuwahara, Keisuke title = COVID-19: Active measures to support community-dwelling older adults date = 2020-03-20 keywords = social summary = The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread around the world [1] , posing enormous health, economic, and social challenges to societies. Social distancing (e.g., cancellation of large gathering, school closures) is an essential part of public health measure for infection control [3] . In line with this, many social events and activities have been cancelled or scaled-down in many countries including Japan, wherein there is already a high number of reported COVID-19 cases [1] . First, communities may not have enough knowledge on whether maintaining, scaling-down, or cancelling social gatherings during the outbreak while minimising health risk. Cancelling social gatherings and scaling down elderly care services can put community-dwelling adults, especially older adults, at an increased risk and severity of social isolation. 3 Although recent technological advances may help detect and provide care for groups at high risk of social isolation, community-dwelling older adults may not have access to smartphones or internet services [5] . doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101638 id = cord-290642-vlyingsf author = Kwon, S. title = Association of social distancing and masking with risk of COVID-19 date = 2020-11-13 keywords = COVID-19; distancing; social summary = doi = 10.1101/2020.11.11.20229500 id = cord-258915-lgee3ers author = Liddle, Jennifer title = Connecting at Local Level: Exploring Opportunities for Future Design of Technology to Support Social Connections in Age-friendly Communities date = 2020-07-31 keywords = local; old; participant; people; social; technology summary = In drawing together participants'' ideas about spaces, processes and mechanisms that might address these local challenges, we conclude the paper with implications that offer scope for further exploration and consideration in terms of how technology might support the operationalisation of local people''s ideas for improving face-to-face connections in age-friendly community settings. As described earlier, the interview data were coded to explore (a) opportunities to improve connections at a local level, i.e., factors that had the potential to impact negatively on people''s geographically proximate social relationships in terms of quality, quantity or satisfaction; and (b) participants'' engagement with technology in relation to their social lives generally. As described earlier, the interview data were coded to explore (a) opportunities to improve connections at a local level, i.e., factors that had the potential to impact negatively on people''s geographically proximate social relationships in terms of quality, quantity or satisfaction; and (b) participants'' engagement with technology in relation to their social lives generally. doi = 10.3390/ijerph17155544 id = cord-310245-r1fd2kqh author = Lin, Chung-Ying title = Investigating mediated effects of fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 misunderstanding in the association between problematic social media use, psychological distress, and insomnia date = 2020-08-27 keywords = COVID-19; social summary = doi = 10.1016/j.invent.2020.100345 id = cord-334574-1gd9sz4z author = Little, Jessica S. title = Tweeting from the Bench: Twitter and the Physician-Scientist Benefits and Challenges date = 2020-11-11 keywords = Twitter; medium; social summary = PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Social media platforms such as Twitter are increasingly utilized to interact, collaborate, and exchange information within the academic medicine community. However, as Twitter begins to become formally incorporated into professional meetings, educational activities, and even the consideration of academic promotion, it is critical to better understand both the benefits and challenges posed by this platform. And while in the past, missing a national or international conference may have led to loss of access to important new data, ideas, or opportunities for collaboration, now, as academic meetings are increasingly integrated with social media, physicians can watch presentations, participate in discussions, and network with other attendees remotely [1, 10, 11] . And while these meetings often cater to physicians and physicianscientists, journal clubs are typically open to any individual including patients, allowing improved public dissemination of new research advances. doi = 10.1007/s11899-020-00601-5 id = cord-273601-icituitn author = Liu, M. title = Forecasting the Spread of COVID-19 under Different Reopening Strategies date = 2020-05-29 keywords = COVID-19; case; social summary = doi = 10.1101/2020.05.26.20113993 id = cord-269643-12qm4h9w author = Liu, Pai title = Dynamic interplay between social distancing duration and intensity in reducing COVID-19 US hospitalizations: A “law of diminishing returns” date = 2020-07-17 keywords = COVID-19; social summary = We uncover and highlight the importance of social distancing duration and intensity in lowering hospitalization demand-to-supply during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in the USA. Calibrating our model using epidemiological data from this time period enabled us to unbiasedly address the question "How long and with what intensity does the USA need to implement social distancing intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic?" For a short (i.e., up to two weeks) duration, we find a near-linear decrease in hospital beds demand with increasing intensity [Formula: see text] of social distancing. Therefore, we term the period March 19-28 as the "latency period" (see the shaded area in Fig. 1) , and the period thereafter as "benefits manifestation period." Calibrating our model using baseline epidemiological data corresponding to the "latency period" enabled us to unbiasedly probe and address the question: How long and with what intensity does the US need to implement social distancing as a sustainable public policy during the COVID-19 pandemic? doi = 10.1063/5.0013871 id = cord-271853-wexe9gq0 author = Lu, Quan title = Social Policy Responses to the Covid-19 Crisis in China in 2020 date = 2020-08-14 keywords = China; chinese; covid-19; insurance; social summary = doi = 10.3390/ijerph17165896 id = cord-295878-pd9elo4l author = Luo, Wei title = A large-scale location-based social network to understanding the impact of human geo-social interaction patterns on vaccination strategies in an urbanized area date = 2018-11-30 keywords = Fig; social; strategy summary = doi = 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2018.06.008 id = cord-325396-ot7pvexv author = Lönnroth, Knut title = Income security in times of ill health: the next frontier for the SDGs date = 2020-06-15 keywords = income; social summary = Yet, while access to healthcare services is at the forefront of the 2030 Agenda through a dedicated Target on Universal Health Coverage (UHC), income security in case of ill health has limited visibility within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and is underresearched, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). In line with the nine branches of social security defined under the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No. 102, the World Social Protection Database provides information on whether the legal framework includes entitlements to income support in case of sickness and collects national-level data on effective coverage for this contingency. Income security in times of ill health has been part of social protection systems in many high-income countries (HIC) for over half a century, often longer than universal access to healthcare. They were models for comprehensive social health protection, including both access to healthcare without hardship and income security in times of sickness. doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002493 id = cord-341340-cnefwc3i author = Marchetti, Antonella title = The Psychosocial Fuzziness of Fear in the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Era and the Role of Robots date = 2020-09-24 keywords = fear; robot; social summary = doi = 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02245 id = cord-156291-vnc1iay1 author = Marchiori, Massimo title = COVID-19 and the Social Distancing Paradox: dangers and solutions date = 2020-05-26 keywords = diy; social summary = For the first time, we collect real data on social distancing in a pandemic situation, analyze the actual shape of social distancing as performed by people, identify a paradoxical default behavior of social distancing that can explain the dangerous spread of COVID-19, and provide corresponding functional actions that can be taken to help against this and future pandemics. The last two cases allow to verify whether goggles for eye protection (equipment not actually included in recommended public guidelines) further changes common social distancing behavior during a pandemic. The situation is in all similar to the masked case: the distribution is again skewed in the same asymmetrical way, with people distancing beyond the sidewalk max width. Wearing a mask instead triggers this sort of repulsive effect, "pushing farther" people and the skew of the distribution, changing their common behavior so to gain social distance (even by stepping out of sidewalks). doi = nan id = cord-288159-rzqlmgb1 author = Marin, Lavinia title = Three contextual dimensions of information on social media: lessons learned from the COVID-19 infodemic date = 2020-08-26 keywords = MDI; medium; social summary = doi = 10.1007/s10676-020-09550-2 id = cord-322824-8xhypw8r author = McKinley, Gerald Patrick title = We need each other: Social supports during COVID 19 date = 2020-06-02 keywords = social summary = What I see is an increased impact of stress because neither she nor I have physical and routine access to our full social support networks. My mother has always maintained an active social life, which provided support for her as she figured out life after the loss of her husband of 57 years and the realities of being a cancer patient. Academic me thinks about the stress buffering hypothesis developed by Cohen and Wills (1985) , which suggests that during time of stress we appraise the perceived support around us and, if we are satisfied that we have enough, we manage our stress. The main take away is that if you have active relationships where you feel supported, you are shielded from the impact of stress. COVID-19 has taken away the daily routines through which we interact with our social support networks, or friends and family. Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis doi = 10.1111/1469-8676.12828 id = cord-280840-t7zuhsnc author = Meinzen-Dick, Ruth title = Collective action and “social distancing” in COVID-19 responses date = 2020-05-31 keywords = social summary = doi = 10.1007/s10460-020-10100-1 id = cord-320147-29a7njqi author = Mendes, Luís title = How Can We Quarantine Without a Home? Responses of Activism and Urban Social Movements in Times of COVID‐19 Pandemic Crisis in Lisbon date = 2020-06-23 keywords = COVID-19; Lisbon; Urban; housing; movement; right; social summary = The dynamics of social protest, demands and pre-COVID urban struggles are now essential in order to capitalise on collective learning, the social capital of the networks created and the impact they have had on placing the issue of the right to housing on the public and political agenda, in the last years (Mayer 2010; Colomb & Novy 2016; Sequera & Nofre 2018) . The second part addresses the new spaces of contestation created by anti-evictions urban social movements in pre-COVID period in Lisbon, namely, their characteristics and organisational forms, assessing the political potential for reversing the current situation of housing crisis. In this context and focusing specifically on the Portuguese case, the resurgence of popular protest and new urban social movements not only continued to be primarily associated to the anti-austerity ideology, as gave a new impetus to collective action in the field of struggles for the right to housing and the city. doi = 10.1111/tesg.12450 id = cord-351666-q7dqsl7n author = Milani, Fabio title = COVID-19 outbreak, social response, and early economic effects: a global VAR analysis of cross-country interdependencies date = 2020-08-19 keywords = Italy; USA; country; covid-19; social summary = 2 In my global framework, for each country, COVID-19 cases can affect risk perceptions about the virus, which can trigger a social distancing response. The paper exploits a variety of newly available datasets to study the interrelationship between health shocks originating from the COVID-19 pandemic, people''s real-time perceptions about coronavirus risk, the extent of their social distancing response, and unemployment. 7 In the analysis, the number k * i is also equal to 4, as the vector x * i,t contains the country-specific global counterparts for the same variables in x i,t , i.e., the growth rate of COVID-19 cases, coronavirus risk perceptions, social mobility, and unemployment. Figures 4 and 5 show the impulse response functions for all countries in the sample for the risk perception and social distancing variables to a one-standard-deviation COVID shock originating in Italy. doi = 10.1007/s00148-020-00792-4 id = cord-342360-d7qc20i4 author = Mohamad, Siti Mazidah title = Creative Production of ‘COVID‐19 Social Distancing’ Narratives on Social Media date = 2020-06-03 keywords = Brunei; COVID-19; medium; social summary = Young people are creatively and affectively supporting the social distancing initiatives in Brunei Darussalam through the use of social media platforms such as Instagram, Twitter, and Tik Tok. Using qualitative content analysis (QCA) data of social media content by Bruneian youth, this paper reveals the localised and contextualised creative production of five ''social distancing'' narratives as a response to the national and global concerns in times of a global pandemic: narrative of fear; narrative of responsibility; narrative of annoyance; narrative of fun; and narrative of resistance. As there is not much information known on audience''s social media consumption in risk communication and their individualised, as well as contextualised risk perception, a preliminary research on how the audience deliver and circulate COVID-19 related content on social media was conducted, leading to this preliminary finding on the active involvement of young people in highlighting the significance of social distancing in flattening the curve in the country. doi = 10.1111/tesg.12430 id = cord-299065-wopsfrqg author = Mukhtar, Sonia title = Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Older Adults date = 2020-07-22 keywords = social summary = doi = 10.1016/j.cmrp.2020.07.016 id = cord-346194-l8svzjp2 author = Nazir, Mehrab title = A Multidimensional Model of Public Health Approaches Against COVID-19 date = 2020-05-26 keywords = COVID-19; medium; social summary = doi = 10.3390/ijerph17113780 id = cord-255360-yjn24sja author = O'Connor, Daryl B. title = Research priorities for the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond: A call to action for psychological science date = 2020-07-19 keywords = COVID-19; health; mental; pandemic; people; psychological; research; social summary = doi = 10.1111/bjop.12468 id = cord-024640-04goxwsx author = Oates, Sarah title = The easy weaponization of social media: why profit has trumped security for U.S. companies date = 2020-05-11 keywords = Facebook; U.S.; medium; social summary = Now that it is impossible for social media companies to ignore the rising evidence of the central role of social media in inculcating conflict, they have defaulted to two key arguments in their defense: freedom of speech and the idea that the problem is limited to a fundamental misuse of their platforms. When you add on the way that social media companies sell audiences to advertisers by identifying key markers via user activity (friends, posts, clicks, likes, shares, etc.), you have the ability to manipulate both domestic and foreign audiences as never before. Given the evidence of the weaponization of social media and the particular lack of foreign citizens to have any right of redress against U.S. companies, 2 it is clear that unregulated and mostly unresponsive dominant media platforms are choosing not to fundamentally change their business model. However, if citizens and policymakers alike can be made aware of the critical role of U.S. social media companies in supporting information operations by foreign states, then change is more likely. doi = 10.1057/s42984-020-00012-z id = cord-354105-lgkfnmcm author = Office, Emma E. title = Reducing Social Isolation of Seniors during COVID-19 through Medical Student Telephone Contact date = 2020-06-05 keywords = Social; old summary = We 2 describe a phone call outreach program in which health care professional student volunteers 3 phoned older adults, living in long-term care facilities and the community, at risk of social 4 isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. We 2 describe a phone call outreach program in which health care professional student volunteers 3 phoned older adults, living in long-term care facilities and the community, at risk of social 4 isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. We created a phone call outreach program, Seniors Overcoming Social Isolation (SOS), in 48 which medical and health professions student volunteers (e.g. MD, MD/PhD, Neuroscience, 49 Genetic Counseling) called older adults, living in long-term-care facilities (LTCF) and the 50 community, at risk of social isolation during COVID-19. To reduce social isolation, we present a practical intervention leveraging health professions 112 graduate students contacting older adults and residents of independent and assisted living by 113 phone. doi = 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.06.003 id = cord-278022-sc02fyqs author = Ogundiran, Akin title = On COVID-19 and Matters Arising date = 2020-06-05 keywords = Africa; CMC; COVID-19; social summary = The final phase of the editorial process that culminated in this issue of African Archaeological Review (Volume 36, 2) took place in the atmosphere of panic and uncertainties unleashed by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. These concepts-for which I will use the acronym, VCRRS-are often invoked in discussions about how past societies have coped with (or failed to manage) climate change, natural disaster, conflict, ecological degradation, resource scarcity, and social inequality and the implications for the present and future. Heritage studies must take advantage of the interdisciplinary approaches of archaeology so that it can be relevant to the needs of African peoples, especially by supporting the quest to liberate Africa from economic and intellectual dependency rather than perpetuating that dependency. A forum has been convened for future publication in the African Archaeological Review that will explore some aspects of this question while also providing a platform to discuss what we are learning in African archaeology and heritage studies from the social, political, economic, and ecological dimensions of the COVID-19 pandemic. doi = 10.1007/s10437-020-09390-x id = cord-029728-fwzm6c61 author = Omorogiuwa, Tracy BE title = COVID-19 and older adults in Africa: Social workers’ utilization of mass media in enforcing policy change date = 2020-07-23 keywords = Africa; Omorogiuwa; Social summary = title: COVID-19 and older adults in Africa: Social workers'' utilization of mass media in enforcing policy change This article canvasses for the utilization of the mass media in initiating policy response to the challenges of older adults throughout the continent. It is against this background that social workers must be at the vanguard of promoting policy change in the context of the challenges faced by older adults in Africa, through the instrumentality of the mass media. The coronavirus pandemic has restated the necessity of urgent policy response to older adults in Africa. Although the impact of the mass media in initiating policy change at both micro and macro levels is well noted, social workers, as agents of social change, have scantly deployed this channel to working with older adults in Africa. doi = 10.1177/0020872820941748 id = cord-281412-r3um3g44 author = Ostrovsky, Adam M. title = TikTok and Its Role in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Information Propagation date = 2020-08-29 keywords = social summary = However, with recent concerns of a growing number of cases arising from young adults [4] , an increased understanding of COVID-19 portrayal on social media is valuable in deciphering young adult sentiment on the virus and how their views on the seriousness of the pandemic may be colored by the variety of messages they receive about it. One of the most recent platforms to surge to prominence has been TikTok, a social network with more than 45.6 million active users in the U.S.dwith 63.5% being aged <29 yearsd [5] where creators post videos of themselves talking, dancing, or lipsyncing. Given social media''s ability to propagate factually inaccurate medical information at an alarming rate [6] , we analyzed the 100 most popular videos in each of the three largest COVID-19e related categories on TikTok. As of July 12, 2020, these were videos earmarked with the hashtags "covid-19," "covid19," and "coronavirus," which have reached 4.4 billion, 33.3 billion, and 93.1 billion views, respectively, demonstrating the platform''s immense ability to encourage sharing. doi = 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.039 id = cord-313591-hb3gqksg author = Pek, Kalene title = Social Frailty Is Independently Associated with Mood, Nutrition, Physical Performance, and Physical Activity: Insights from a Theory-Guided Approach date = 2020-06-14 keywords = SPF; frailty; social summary = Using available items from previous studies to derive a social frailty scale as guided by the Bunt social frailty theoretical framework, we aimed to examine the association of social frailty, independently of physical frailty, with salient outcomes of mood, nutrition, physical performance, physical activity, and life–space mobility. We therefore conducted this study to examine the independent association of social frailty with a comprehensive range of intermediary outcomes in a representative cohort of non-frail community-dwelling Asian older adults. Firstly, using validated items identified from prior Asian studies, we performed exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to derive a social frailty scale grounded in Bunt''s proposed conceptual framework. In the present study, using a theory-guided social frailty scale that is grounded in the Bunt conceptual framework, we build upon growing body of evidence about the paramount importance of social frailty by demonstrating the independent associations of SPF and SF with mood, nutrition, physical performance, and physical activity in non-frail community-dwelling older adults. doi = 10.3390/ijerph17124239 id = cord-018024-fzjbdsg0 author = Pellegrino, Edmund D. title = The Good of Patients and the Good of Society: Striking a Moral Balance date = 2004 keywords = good; health; medicine; social; society summary = In previous works we have held that an authentic ethic of clinical medicine must have its roots in a philosophy of medicine in which the good of the patient determines the obligations and virtues of the health professional. We contend that an authentic ethic of social medicine must have its roots in a philosophy of society in which the common good determines the obligations and virtues of the health professional. Physicians and nurses today practice within organizations, institutions, and systems; they are members of interprofessional health care teams and professional associations; access, availability, and distribution of health care has become a question of justice, and fairness; the economic, societal, and political impact of medical decisions have ethical significance, as does the conduct of health care organizations; potential be included under the same rubric. Medicine has always existed within a social context in which the uses of medical knowledge and clinical decisions have impacted the good of society as well as the individual patient. doi = 10.1007/1-4020-2207-7_2 id = cord-299833-f2q6di3t author = Pietrabissa, Giada title = Psychological Consequences of Social Isolation During COVID-19 Outbreak date = 2020-09-09 keywords = health; isolation; social summary = doi = 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02201 id = cord-024871-emfk3gdg author = Piperagkas, Grigorios title = Social Participation Network: Linking Things, Services and People to Support Participatory Processes date = 2020-04-29 keywords = Participation; Social; participatory summary = Toward this objective, this paper introduces and formalizes the concept of Social Participation Network, which captures the diverse participation relationships – between people, digital services and connected things – supporting participatory processes. Toward that direction, this paper introduces the concept of Social Participation Network, which captures the various entities that may potentially engage in a given digital participatory process, while abstracting the underlying heterogeneity. We then present the early design of an online service -introducing its architecture and component technologies -supporting the implementation of participatory processes based on the proposed concept of Social Participation Network (Sect. The previous section illustrates the key role of Cyber-Physical-Social Systems (CPSS) in the realization of digital participatory processes: People not solely need to network together, they also need the digital tools to collaborate, get access to the relevant information and (co-)create. We have introduced and formalized the paradigm of Social Participation Network to capture the diverse participation relationships -between people, digital services and connected things -supporting participatory processes. doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-49165-9_10 id = cord-017351-73hlwwdh author = Quarantelli, E. L. title = Studying Future Disasters and Crises: A Heuristic Approach date = 2017-09-12 keywords = Boin; Quarantelli; States; United; crisis; disaster; new; risk; social summary = doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-63254-4_4 id = cord-346258-xlyi0cnl author = Radic, Aleksandar title = Connected at Sea: The Influence of the Internet and Online Communication on the Well-Being and Life Satisfaction of Cruise Ship Employees date = 2020-04-20 keywords = employee; internet; online; satisfaction; social summary = doi = 10.3390/ijerph17082840 id = cord-025278-6ttdtjvn author = Rao, Pritika title = Behavioral economics in the time of coronavirus: rebellion or “willful ignorance” in the face of “grand challenges” date = 2020-05-27 keywords = behavior; self; social summary = In the face of large-scale global issues, that Lazaric (2020) refers to as "grand challenges," fraught with uncertainties and informational asymmetries, we delve deeper into the complexities of the factors that influence decision-making at various levels as we try to make sense of behavior. We wonder if reasons include the outright rejection of facts or perhaps the unwillingness to even receive information that has the potential adversely affect one''s welfare or self-interests—a tendency that Grossman and Van Der Weele (2017) term "willful ignorance." We conclude with a few lessons and recommendations that can help understand and motivate behavior. Grossman and Van Der Weele (2017) cite an important behavioral trait that they term "willful ignorance," or the act of "avoiding information about adverse welfare consequences of self-interested decisions"(p.1). Routines involve both cognitive and political dynamics that inform collective learning, just as habits also take knowledge, social, and institutional structure considerations into account (Lazaric 2000) . doi = 10.1007/s43253-020-00015-2 id = cord-287036-swo90ji2 author = Rauchbauer, Birgit title = Developmental trajectory of interpersonal motor alignment: positive social effects and link to social cognition date = 2020-08-09 keywords = EEG; action; imitation; interpersonal; motor; social summary = In this review we will focus on the link between interpersonal motor alignment, positive social effects and social cognition in infants, children, and adolescents demonstrating that this link is present early on in development. We propose to review the development of interpersonal motor alignment appearing as synchrony, mimicry or automatic imitation, the former two being ubiquitous in daily social life. The dual role of imitation, for social learning and for establishing group cohesion is supported by studies showing that 14-month-olds are more likely to imitate communicative gestures and familiar actions performed by same-age infants, than when they are performed by older children and adults (Zmyj, Aschersleben, Prinz, & Daum, 2012) . The relevance of automatic motor system engagement during passive action observation for studying interpersonal motor alignment is further supported by studies showing that motor resonance in 14-month-old infants is enhanced in an interaction context compared to the direct copying of adults'' gestures. doi = 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.032 id = cord-321642-efv9ovx9 author = Reicher, Stephen title = On order and disorder during the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-07-01 keywords = United; authority; people; social summary = Using examples from different countries (principally the United Kingdom, the United States, and France), we first isolate three factors which determine whether people accept or reject control measures. This work puts flesh on John Turner''s suggestion that the procedural justice framework ''points to a whole range of other factors relevant to identification with authorities and acceptance of their control as an ingroup norm (e.g. the ideology and goals of group members, the social comparative context, their history of success or failure for the group, the degree to which the authorities are perceived as more or less prototypical of the relevant identity) '' (2005, p. Echoing Turner, we suggest that, in addition to leadership and procedural justice, historical and structural context is a third antecedent of shared in-group identity and hence of adherence to authority. Let us turn next to the question of ''disorder'' and more specifically to protests against government social distancing measures and to anti-authority rioting in the context of the pandemic. doi = 10.1111/bjso.12398 id = cord-263321-pzmo4hja author = Roach, P. title = Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on well-being and virtual care for people living with dementia and care partners living in the community date = 2020-06-05 keywords = COVID-19; care; dementia; social summary = To understand the lived experience of social and physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada we remotely interviewed 21 participants who normally attend a dementia specialty clinic in Calgary, Alberta, during a period where essential businesses were closed and healthcare had abruptly transitioned to telemedicine. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20122192 doi: medRxiv preprint Social distancing and cognitive decline A number of participants also expressed concern that the person living with dementia was experiencing more cognitive decline since the start of the public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Strengths of the study include that it was embedded in a prospective clinic registry which enabled us to quickly contact people living with dementia and their care partners during the COVID-19 pandemic, and link their data to physician collected information on cognitive assessment and disease diagnosis. doi = 10.1101/2020.06.04.20122192 id = cord-307292-de4lbc24 author = Rosenberg, Hananel title = OMG, R U OK? [Image: see text]: Using Social Media to Form Therapeutic Relationships with Youth at Risk date = 2020-08-17 keywords = Facebook; medium; online; social; therapeutic; youth summary = doi = 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105365 id = cord-194404-q9ne5i2y author = Rostami-Tabar, Bahman title = Forecasting for Social Good date = 2020-09-24 keywords = FSG; forecasting; good; process; social summary = We present some key attributes that qualify a forecasting process as FSG: it is concerned with a real problem, it is focused on advancing social and environmental goals and prioritises these over conventional measures of economic success, and it has a broad societal impact. While there is a growing recognition by agencies, organisations, and governments that data-driven decision-making tools, such as forecasting models, may offer significant improvements to society (Iyer and Power, 2014) , there is not a cohesive body of research that offers guidance towards the conceptualisation, implementation and evaluation of forecasting models for social good in practice. FSG is a forecasting process that aims to inform decisions that prioritise thriving of humanity over thriving of economies by enhancing the social foundation and ecological ceilings that impact public as a whole at both local and global levels. doi = nan id = cord-314779-f5nvspcg author = Roth, Steffen title = East of nature. Accounting for the environments of social sciences date = 2020-06-07 keywords = Luhmann; environment; social; system summary = 1) While the latter focus has early been complemented by or extended to a social systems perspective, the primary goal of ecological economics (EE) has always remained the "sustainable wellbeing of both humans and the rest of nature" (Costanza, 2020, p. Hence, the "recognition that the economy is embedded within society, which is embedded within the rest of nature" (ibid.) is widespread; and even if some reservation might apply to the implication that economy and society belong to the realm of nature, the convention to define sustainability along an economic, social, and ecological or environmental dimension (Basiago, 1995; European Commission, 2001 ) is well-established and has gained particular prominence under the "triple bottom line" label (Elkington, 1994 (Elkington, , 1998 Mauerhofer, 2008; Ahi et al., 2018; Vatn, 2020 ) (see Fig. 1 ). doi = 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106734 id = cord-285152-mg1ez10i author = Rozenkrantz, Liron title = A paradox of social distancing for SARS-CoV-2: loneliness and heightened immunological risk date = 2020-08-10 keywords = loneliness; social summary = doi = 10.1038/s41380-020-00861-w id = cord-315126-713k0b9u author = Rudolph, Cort W. title = Generations and Generational Differences: Debunking Myths in Organizational Science and Practice and Paving New Paths Forward date = 2020-09-04 keywords = Baltes; Rudolph; Zacher; age; generation; perspective; social; work summary = doi = 10.1007/s10869-020-09715-2 id = cord-252344-5a0sriq9 author = Saleh, Sameh N. title = Understanding public perception of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) social distancing on Twitter date = 2020-08-06 keywords = Twitter; social; tweet summary = CONCLUSIONS: Considering the positive sentiment, preponderance of objective tweets, and topics supporting coping mechanisms, we concluded that Twitter users generally supported social distancing in the early stages of their implementation. 18 We hypothesized that performing sentiment, emotion, and content analysis of tweets related to social distancing on Twitter during the COVID-19 pandemic could provide valuable insight into the public''s beliefs and opinions on this policy. We used Python''s TextBlob library 21 to perform sentiment analysis for all tweets through natural language processing and text analysis to identify and classify emotions (positive, negative, or neutral) and content topics. We analyzed Twitter activity around the 2 most common social distancing trending hashtags at the study time to understand emotions, sentiment polarity, subjectivity, and topics discussed related to this NPI. Performing sentiment, emotion, and content analysis of tweets provided valuable insight into the public''s beliefs and opinions on social distancing. doi = 10.1017/ice.2020.406 id = cord-030957-45tc5ksf author = Schaap, Andrew title = The politics of precarity date = 2020-08-28 keywords = Apostolidis; Fight; Time; day; politic; precarity; social; work; worker summary = doi = 10.1057/s41296-020-00435-z id = cord-269090-o93gxlzx author = Sciortino, Rosalia title = Towards A Comprehensive Narrative and Response to COVID-19 in Southeast Asia date = 2020-09-01 keywords = Asia; COVID-19; Southeast; social summary = The dominant narrative of the COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia barely gives attention to the many social and cultural dimensions of the crisis, and humanities and social science experts remain at the margins of containment decisions. It argues that we can help broaden the current epidemiological approach to understand and impact on the social drivers of vulnerability and risk for diverse populations in specific contexts, while promoting transformative change. Based on our disciplinary core principles and what has been learned from other epidemics, foremost HIV, we can help shift a purely epidemiological approach to addressing the social drivers of vulnerability and risk for diverse populations in specific social contexts, and build agency of these groups while promoting social transformative change. doi = 10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100058 id = cord-317900-05y9re12 author = Senanayake, Nari title = Geographies of uncertainty date = 2020-08-14 keywords = Martin; geography; human; knowledge; social; uncertainty summary = Specifically, we discuss how geographers engage with uncertainties produced through and reconfigured by some of the most formidable issues of our contemporary moment, including neoliberal transformation, disease and illness, resource conflict, global climate change, and ongoing struggles around knowledge, power, and justice. In conversation with debates in cognate fields, this special issue brings together contributions that grapple with uncertainty through key geographic concepts such as scale, power, spatiality, place, and human-environment relations. Attending to the ways that uncertainty is experienced as a spatiotemporal condition, and how it frequently compounds across scales of knowledge production, enables the special issue''s contributors to demonstrate how forms of incertitude work through geographic relationships. In doing so, this special issue develops a critical human geography of uncertainty, which not only articulates how the concept is useful for geographers, but also, argues that geography can enrich existing transdisciplinary work on the subject with its perspectives on scale, spatiality, power, place, and human-environment relations. doi = 10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.07.016 id = cord-024569-d9opzb6m author = Seo, Mihye title = Amplifying Panic and Facilitating Prevention: Multifaceted Effects of Traditional and Social Media Use During the 2015 MERS Crisis in South Korea date = 2019-07-26 keywords = Korea; MERS; crisis; medium; social summary = doi = 10.1177/1077699019857693 id = cord-034438-9kdmljoq author = Sepúlveda-Loyola, W. title = Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Health in Older People: Mental and Physical Effects and Recommendations date = 2020-09-25 keywords = COVID-19; old; physical; social summary = title: Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Health in Older People: Mental and Physical Effects and Recommendations OBJECTIVES: To review the impact of social isolation during COVID-19 pandemic on mental and physical health of older people and the recommendations for patients, caregivers and health professionals. MEASUREMENTS: Articles since 2019 to 2020 published on Pubmed, Scielo and Google Scholar databases with the following MeSh terms (''COVID-19'', ''coronavirus'', ''aging'', ''older people'', ''elderly'', ''social isolation'' and ''quarantine'') in English, Spanish or Portuguese were included. Thus, the decreasing of social interaction produced by social distancing could have a negative impact on mental and physical health in older people (22) (23) (24) , since it has limited the social participation in community organizations and in family activities (23, 25) . Hence, the aim of this review is to analyse the potential effects of social isolation caused by COVID-19 pandemic on mental and physical health in older adults. doi = 10.1007/s12603-020-1500-7 id = cord-162326-z7ta3pp9 author = Shahi, Gautam Kishore title = AMUSED: An Annotation Framework of Multi-modal Social Media Data date = 2020-10-01 keywords = datum; medium; news; social summary = doi = nan id = cord-338332-msjtncek author = Sharifian, Neika title = Social Relationships and Adaptation in Later Life date = 2020-09-18 keywords = adult; health; old; relation; social; study summary = While the convoy model provides a heuristic framework within which to understand the causes and consequences of social relations over the life course, SST focuses on the individual''s time perspective and what motivates social interactions while the SAVI model specifies a common strategy among older adults used to maintain high levels of well-being through emotion regulation and avoidance of conflict. An examination of the influence of early parental relationship quality on cognitive health outcomes by Sharifian and colleagues revealed that respondents from a nationally representative U.S. sample of older adults who reported higher retrospective maternal relationship quality showed less decline in episodic memory over time through reduced loneliness and depressive symptoms. Indeed, prior cross-sectional research in a nationally representative sample of American older adults has shown that the use of social technologies in later life was associated with better psychological and physical health outcomes, and these associations were mediated by lower levels of loneliness (Chopik, 2016) . doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00016-9 id = cord-005242-9g2w16d6 author = Shek, Daniel T. L. title = The Social Indicators Movement: Progress, Paradigms, Puzzles, Promise and Potential Research Directions date = 2017-01-11 keywords = indicator; qualitative; quality; research; social summary = This paper is a response to the article entitled "Fifty years after the Social Indicators Movement: Has the promise been fulfilled?" by Ken Land and Alex Michalos (2015) which constitutes a careful review of the historical development of the Social Indicators Movement, utility of social indicators in shaping the concept of quality of life and subjective well-being, and issues deserving social indicators research in future. These include (a) the use of "other types of evidence", particularly qualitative data; (b) evaluation of social programs; (c) feasibility of assessing "social progress"; (d) choice of social indicators; (e) interpretation of findings; (f) methodological debates; and (g) explanations for social change. Regarding puzzles in social indicators research, we consider several issues, including the role of qualitative data, role of evaluation in social programs, feasibility of assessing social progress, choice of social indicators to be used, interpretations of findings, methodological debates and explanations for social change. doi = 10.1007/s11205-017-1552-1 id = cord-286705-biundkbv author = Shek, Daniel T. L. title = Protests in Hong Kong (2019–2020): a Perspective Based on Quality of Life and Well-Being date = 2020-03-13 keywords = China; Government; Hong; Kong; people; social summary = These issues included distrust in the Central Government, lack of national identity, political dissatisfaction, economic strains, mental health threats, drop in family quality of life, lack of life skills education, lack of evidence-based national education in the formal curriculum, slow response of the Government, and alleged excessive use of force by the police. These include the personal system (e.g., threat to freedom and finding life meaning through involvement in a "revolution"), interpersonal system (e.g., peer influence and bonding amongst peer protesters), family system (e.g., lack of family warmth), social system (e.g., sensational social media influence), and political system (e.g., lack of trust in the Government and support for protesters from bodies outside Hong Kong). In this paper, we treat the quality of life and well-being issues as "fuels", the Extradition Bill as "heat", and some contextual influences (such as support from the general public for young people''s involvement in protests) as "oxygen". doi = 10.1007/s11482-020-09825-2 id = cord-016889-7ih6jdpe author = Shibuya, Kazuhiko title = Identity Health date = 2019-12-03 keywords = Fukushima; Japan; Shibuya; datum; nuclear; social summary = These are a kind of mental illnesses and conditions as a maladaptation of gaming and social withdrawals from actual society, or they are overadaptation in somewhat online communities rather than physical environment. Those assessed data might intend to statistically reveal our strength of mental health and degree of adaptation in social relations, and then automatic prediction for those who answered personality tests enables to trustfully measure financial limitations for loans and transactions in actual contexts. (1973) and Giddens (1991) , they commonly argued that western post-modernizations could reconstruct mindsets on reality and social identification ways among citizens during achieving industrial progresses, if above severe incidents of nuclear power plants and those systems failures could be regarded as malfunctions as a symbol of modernity, above consequences of nuclear crisis on the Fukushima case (and other human-made disasters) might be contextualized to reexamine social adaptation and consciousness among Fukushima citizens by sociological verifications. As social networking services clearly indicate a part of human relationships online (Lazakidou 2012) , it can consider that their relations itself still have sharing illness personalities and depressed mental health. doi = 10.1007/978-981-15-2248-2_11 id = cord-020210-k2l269la author = Shirish, Anuragini title = Can Technology Be Leveraged for Bridging the Rural-Urban Divide? date = 2020-03-10 keywords = VTS; social summary = Grounding our work in social resource-based view (SRBV) and the literature on reverse innovation and information systems, we examine an impactful social entrepreneurship initiative in a developing country context, with a view to transplant the learnings to the required pockets in other developing and developed economies [6, 7, 12, 14, 17] . We intend to use a qualitative case-based methodology and a process view to analyze data from an Indian company (VillageTechServ 1 ) (VTS) to understand the social resource-based actions that the company undertook to fulfil their objective of creating jobs for the rural Indian population. Consistent with the case study approach, we will provide an overview of some of the streams of research that will contribute to our theory building, namely, literature on social resource-based view and the role of ICT for bridging societal inequalities. doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-45002-1_25 id = cord-291596-lp5di10v author = Singh, Shweta title = “Is compulsive social media use amid COVID-19 pandemic addictive behavior or coping mechanism? date = 2020-07-07 keywords = medium; social summary = title: "Is compulsive social media use amid COVID-19 pandemic addictive behavior or coping mechanism? "Is compulsive social media use amid COVID-19 pandemic addictive behavior or coping mechanism? (a) "Does the current pattern of social media usage suggest a trend towards addictive behavior or has it become a coping mechanism to deal with current global crisis?" and (b) "What are the current and future implications of this trend on addictive behavior and mental health of people?". During current pandemic, like many other uncertainties, it is unclear whether this compulsive use of social media is just a ''phase'' and a coping mechanism or an indication of addictive behavior having mental health implications. Moreover, any research conducted on addictive behaviors in the current time should consider longitudinally the pre-present-post lockdown social media usage pattern and its mental health implications among individuals across all age groups. doi = 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102290 id = cord-342636-mmlnm3mz author = Situngkir, H. title = The Pandemics in Artificial Society: Agent-Based Model to Reflect Strategies on COVID-19 date = 2020-07-29 keywords = COVID-19; agent; social summary = We elaborate on micro-social structures such as social-psychological factors and distributed ruling behaviors to grow an artificial society where the interactions among agents may exhibit the spreading of the virus. We can see the micro-social used in the simulations as three parts, i.e.: the internal state of the agents, the mobility in our artificial world, and the spreading of the disease based on the first two properties. When it comes to closing down the public spaces (in the simulation we omit the social attraction points) and encouraging the effective physical distancing measures to the population, the number infection rate is suppressed a little. As we simulated the usage of masks in our agent-based model, the slowing rate of infection does give effect even though it needs time to suppress the number of active cases. Thus from our sets of experiments in the agent-based simulation, some tweaks of interventions due to the pandemic at the micro-level, the emerged macro-level is observed, including some emerged social aspects. doi = 10.1101/2020.07.27.20162511 id = cord-324185-zt88o3co author = Sovacool, Benjamin K. title = Contextualizing the Covid-19 pandemic for a carbon-constrained world: Insights for sustainability transitions, energy justice, and research methodology date = 2020-10-31 keywords = States; United; covid-19; energy; pandemic; social summary = Jefferson (this volume) [18] writes "In the run-up to the collapse of crude oil prices in early 2020 it was primarily a division between Russia and Saudi Arabia within OPEC which appeared to be the main force at work, but then the COVID-19 pandemic took over, followed by US oil prices turning negative in April 2020, as May contracts expired and traders had to offload stocks with ongoing storage becoming extremely limited." He further states that despite the stimulus and recovery packages being offered by many nations, "there will be many oil sectors incurring losses, from US shale oil and Canadian tar sands producers, to many standard crude oil exporters incurring problems with production equipment access and costs, or experiencing lack of competitiveness in key markets." Recent data from the International Energy Agency confirms this point, noting severe reductions in global demand for oil and natural gas (see Fig. 2 ). doi = 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101701 id = cord-351401-mloml4z3 author = Steinert, Steffen title = Corona and value change. The role of social media and emotional contagion date = 2020-07-21 keywords = emotion; emotional; social; value summary = As a consequence, a negative emotional climate and the shift in values could lead to a change in political attitudes that has implications for rights, freedom, privacy and moral progress. The current Coronavirus pandemic is an emotionally taxing time and people have a tendency to express and share their emotions, especially on social media platforms. A pervasive negative emotional climate facilitates the perception of threat and could thus contribute to a change in personal value towards values that emphasize security and stability of society. The account presented here of how emotional climate relates to value change also has normative implications for how we approach decision-making about the introduction of technologies that are supposed to remedy some of the consequences of the crisis. Applying the account that links emotional climate to value change and political preferences to the current Corona crisis: People''s expression of negative emotions like fear or anger on social media may lead to a more negative emotional climate facilitated by emotional contagion processes. doi = 10.1007/s10676-020-09545-z id = cord-126132-5k415xvj author = Swain, V. Das title = Leveraging WiFi Network Logs to Infer Social Interactions: A Case Study of Academic Performance and Student Behavior date = 2020-05-22 keywords = interaction; section; social; student summary = doi = nan id = cord-011906-ek7joi0m author = Throuvala, Melina A. title = Mind over Matter: Testing the Efficacy of an Online Randomized Controlled Trial to Reduce Distraction from Smartphone Use date = 2020-07-05 keywords = distraction; intervention; medium; scale; self; smartphone; social summary = doi = 10.3390/ijerph17134842 id = cord-303165-ikepr2p2 author = Tulchinsky, Theodore H. title = Expanding the Concept of Public Health date = 2014-10-10 keywords = Europe; HIV; Health; New; Public; USA; care; chapter; community; country; disease; population; social summary = It also demands special attention through health promotion activities of all kinds at national and local societal levels to provide access for groups with special risks and needs to medical and community health care with the currently available and newly developing knowledge and technologies. 5. Environmental, biological, occupational, social, and economic factors that endanger health and human life, addressing: (a) physical and mental illness, diseases and infirmity, trauma and injuries (b) local and global sanitation and environmental ecology (c) healthful nutrition and food security including availability, quality, safety, access, and affordability of food products (d) disasters, natural and human-made, including war, terrorism, and genocide (e) population groups at special risk and with specific health needs. It acts to improve health and social welfare, and to reduce specific determinants of diseases and risk factors that adversely affect the health, well-being, and productive capacities of an individual or society, setting targets based on the size of the problem but also the feasibility of successful intervention, in a cost-effective way. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-415766-8.00002-1 id = cord-005159-6agnsbyd author = Turner, Bryan Stanley title = Vulnerability, diversity and scarcity: on universal rights date = 2013-07-12 keywords = health; human; right; social; vulnerability summary = We argue that bioethics has a universal range because it relates to three shared human characteristics,—human vulnerability, institutional precariousness and scarcity of resources. The generic concepts of ''ethics of rights'' and ''ethics of duties'' (Patrão Neves 2009)-found implicitly in most official bioethics documents-can be viewed as two relevant ideas for a sociological study of human rights and global health policy. We argue that bioethics has a universal range because it relates to three shared human characteristics,-human vulnerability, institutional precariousness and scarcity of resources. We defend the idea some conditions such as human vulnerability, precariousness institutions and scarcity of resources, are common to human societies and can serve as a grounding for future research in bioethics. In its report on the Principle of respect for human vulnerability and personal integrity, the International Bioethics Committee notably indicates that the ''most significant worldwide barrier to improving the levels of attainment of health through health care interventions is the scarcity of resources'' (UNESCO 2011: 29) . doi = 10.1007/s11019-013-9500-6 id = cord-016536-8wfyaxcb author = Ubokudom, Sunday E. title = Physical, Social and Cultural, and Global Influences date = 2012-02-20 keywords = Health; Social; States; United; death; disease summary = The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that only about 10% of premature deaths in the United States can be attributed to inadequate access to medical care, while the remaining 90% can be accounted for by individual lifestyle and behaviors (50%), genetic profi les (20%), and social and environmental conditions (20%) (CDC 1979 ) . In summation, international trade and fi nance, infectious disease epidemics, global warming and climate change, population mobility, and natural disasters and terrorism signifi cantly affect the United States health care delivery and policymaking systems. Research demonstrates that most of the deaths in the country are attributable to a small number of largely controllable behaviors and exposures, or due to factors that fall under the preventive, social, economic, environmental, and lifestyle and behavioral determinants of health. But even though most of the deaths in the country are the result of social, cultural, economic, environmental, and global factors, medical care is also an important determinant of health that cannot be ignored. doi = 10.1007/978-1-4614-3169-5_6 id = cord-298184-4o5ffk7y author = Veleva, Vesela title = The Role of Entrepreneurs in Advancing Sustainable Lifestyles: Challenges, Impacts, and Future Opportunities date = 2020-10-14 keywords = Food; Free; business; entrepreneur; new; social; sustainable summary = Based on the research findings the author proposes a new framework for the role of sustainable entrepreneurs as civic and political actors who not only offer innovative products and services, but help educate and influence key stakeholders, develop informal sustainability ecosystem, and thus create momentum for policy changes. This study aims to address some of these research gaps, by examining sustainable entrepreneurs'' business models, created impacts, current challenges and how they work with key stakeholders to overcome these and advance a shift to more SLs. This study is based on interviews with eight U.S.-based entrepreneurial companies focused on reducing material consumption and promoting SLs. The sustainable entrepreneurs in the study included Box Save, Fixit Clinic Newton, Food For Free, IRN Surplus, Joro, Preserve, Project Repat, and Semi-New Computers. doi = 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124658 id = cord-337606-x7v26xrj author = Vernooij-Dassen, Myrra title = The risks of social distancing for older adults: a call to balance date = 2020-06-24 keywords = social summary = While social distancing can protect and save lives, its deleterious effects on older individuals need also to be recognized and minimized in order to preserve their quality of life to the extent possible. Social distancing deprives older adults from direct interaction with their social environment and thereby disturbs the potential of social health to preserve their quality of life. The social capacities of older adults and the response of their social environment are powerful means to adapt to challenging situation such as a pandemic by social interactions stimulating mental health and cognitive functioning. However, being disconnected from loved ones and people giving pleasure and meaning to life constitutes an additional risk and makes older adults more vulnerable to loneliness and to deterioration of mental and cognitive functioning. In this commentary, we review the impact of social distancing on mental and social health and on cognitive functioning and describe practical strategies to counteract the adverse effects of social distancing on older individuals. doi = 10.1017/s1041610220001350 id = cord-019065-u07gnlv5 author = Voßschmidt, Stefan title = Sicherheitspolitische Bedrohungen und Risiken und das „geltende“ Recht in der 2. Hälfte des 2. Jahrzehnts des 21. Jahrhunderts unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Sicherstellungs- und Vorsorgegesetze. Sicherheitspolitik in Zeiten der Uneindeutigkeit date = 2018-06-02 keywords = Media; Social; der; die; und summary = Als eine neue Regelung ist das "Gesetz zum besseren Informationsaustausch bei der Bekämpfung des internationalen Terrorismus" vom 26. Daraus folgt, dass Feuerwehr und Rettungsdienst auf das allgemeine Ordnungsrecht und seine Ermächtigungsgrundlagen -vor allem die Generalklausel und die Bestimmungen über Störer/Nichtstörer zurückgreifen können, soweit sie nicht selbst eine dem § 14 Absatz 1 des Preußischen Polizeiverwaltungsgesetzes (PrPVG) nachgebildete Generalklausel zur Verfügung haben. Somit ergeben sich konkret folgende Zuständigkeiten: Das Land für den Katastrophenschutz auf Landesebene und überörtliche Gefahrenabwehr in planerischer und finanzieller Hinsicht, der Bund für Ergänzung und Erweiterung in Bezug auf Konzeption und Finanzierung, sowie bei Ergänzungsteilausstattung für Einsatz und Überwachung, die Kommunen/Städte (Gemeinden) und Kreise: Brandschutz-und Rettungsdienst (tägl. Grundsätzlich obliegen Social-Media-Analysen den für die Gefahrenabwehr zuständigen Behörden, in der Regel auf Landes-, Kreis-, oder Gemeindeebene, denen der Katastrophenschutz und die Katastrophenvorsorge übertragen sind. Dabei ist der Staat im Sinne des Artikel 28 Grundgesetz umfassend als Bund, Länder und Gemeinden und die zuständigen Behörden (i. doi = 10.1007/978-3-658-20811-0_6 id = cord-258125-2kkqqgop author = Wagner, Peter title = Knowing How to Act Well in Time date = 2020-08-25 keywords = COVID-19; action; knowledge; social summary = doi = 10.1007/s11673-020-10018-7 id = cord-024385-peakgsyp author = Walsh, James P title = Social media and moral panics: Assessing the effects of technological change on societal reaction date = 2020-03-28 keywords = Facebook; Thornton; Twitter; digital; medium; moral; panic; social summary = doi = 10.1177/1367877920912257 id = cord-334178-3u7tyszd author = Wang, Chun-yuan title = The building of social resilience in Sichuan after the Wenchuan earthquake: A perspective of the socio-government interactions date = 2020-06-30 keywords = China; Wenchuan; disaster; government; social summary = Articles 6 and 48 of this act regulate, respectively, the "establishment of an effective social mobilization mechanism by the nation" and "the people''s government … immediately organize relevant departments to mobilize emergency rescue teams and social forces." related to preventing, reducing, and relieving disasters; capacity building; community involvement; and international cooperation related to the resulting analysis (Ministry of Civil Affairs, 2016, accessed on 2017/12/10). The function is unclear, and there is a lack of institutional mechanisms for emergency management as well as a lack of efforts by the public, the media, volunteers, and NGOs. When it comes to the exchange and cooperation of external resources, there is a widespread phenomenon of mobilization and light coordination, and social organizations are slow to develop their ability to participate in disaster relief (Xue and Tao, 2013; Zhang et al., 2011; Zhang and Zhang, 2016) . From the discussion and analysis presented in this paper, we first find that the role and relationship among government, community, and civil society organizations in disaster management in China have indeed changed in the decade since the Wenchuan earthquake. doi = 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104662 id = cord-288024-1mw0k5yu author = Wang, Wei title = Entrepreneurial entry: The role of social media date = 2020-09-29 keywords = entrepreneurial; individual; medium; network; social summary = Thus, we propose that trust propensity, an individual''s tendency to believe in others (Choi, 2019; Gefen et al., 2003) , moderates the relationship between social media use and entrepreneurial entry. Our findings reveal that social media use https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120337 Received 8 August 2020; Accepted 21 September 2020 has a positive impact on entrepreneurial entry with individuals'' offline network serving as a partial mediator. Second, our study specified a mechanism for the impact of individuals'' social media use on entrepreneurial entry via their offline network and used instrumental variables to help infer the causality. Thus, with higher social media use, individuals will have an expanded offline social network, which provides them the resources needed for successful entrepreneurial entry. We believe trust propensity in social media moderates the impact of individuals'' social media use on entrepreneurial entry by influencing their ability to network with strangers and known associates. doi = 10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120337 id = cord-018821-e9oxvgar author = Webber, Quinn M. R. title = Sociality, Parasites, and Pathogens in Bats date = 2016-04-27 keywords = bat; host; parasite; social summary = doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-38953-0_5 id = cord-164718-f6rx4h3r author = Wellenius, Gregory A. title = Impacts of State-Level Policies on Social Distancing in the United States Using Aggregated Mobility Data during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-21 keywords = March; social; state summary = In summary, using anonymized, aggregated, and differentially private data from Google users who opted in to Location History, we found that state-mandated social distancing orders were effective in decreasing time spent away from places of residence, as well as reducing visits to work, and visits to both grocery stores/pharmacies and retail/recreational locations. Our overall approach was to use regression discontinuity using each county''s recent past as its own control to assess the impact of state declarations of emergency and targeted social distancing policies on the relative changes in the average time spent away from places of residence, the number of visits to work, and the number of visits to: 1) grocery stores and pharmacies, 2) retail stores, recreational sites, and eateries, 3) transit stops, and 4) parks. doi = nan id = cord-212813-yrca1hij author = Winkelmann, Ricarda title = Social tipping processes for sustainability: An analytical framework date = 2020-10-09 keywords = Earth; change; process; social; system; tipping summary = doi = nan id = cord-102891-0z397ppn author = Wren, Brandi title = Social contact behaviors are associated with infection status for whipworm (Trichuris sp.) in wild vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) date = 2020-10-07 keywords = Trichuris; grooming; social summary = title: Social contact behaviors are associated with infection status for whipworm (Trichuris sp.) in wild vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) We examined whether time spent grooming with others in a highly social mammal species was associated with infection status for gastrointestinal parasites. Of six parasites detected, one (Trichuris sp.) was associated with social grooming behaviors, but more specifically with direct physical contact with others. This decrease in time spent grooming and interacting with others is likely a sickness behavior displayed by individuals with less energy or motivation for non-essential behaviors. We chose Chlorocebus pygerythrus as the study species because individuals 171 exhibit variation in grooming behaviors [56] , allowing us to examine differences in the 172 relationship between social behaviors and parasite infection status. is associated 469 with behavioral differences, specifically decreased time spent grooming others and time 470 spent in direct contact with others, in vervet monkey hosts. doi = 10.1101/2020.10.07.329409 id = cord-298890-i1q3n101 author = Xiao, Han title = Social Capital and Sleep Quality in Individuals Who Self-Isolated for 14 Days During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in January 2020 in China date = 2020-03-20 keywords = China; capital; social summary = CONCLUSION: During a period of individual self-isolation during the COVID-19 virus epidemic in central China, increased social capital improved sleep quality by reducing anxiety and stress. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of social capital on sleep quality and the mechanisms involved in people who self-isolated at home for 14 days in January 2020, during the COVID-19 epidemic in central China. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of social capital on sleep quality and the mechanisms involved in people who self-isolated at home for 14 days in January 2020, during the COVID-19 epidemic in central China. These findings showed that the social capital of the study participants who self-isolated during the COVID-19 epidemic improved sleep quality, which was reduced by anxiety and stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of social capital on sleep quality and the mechanisms involved in people who self-isolated at home for 14 days in January 2020 during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in central China. doi = 10.12659/msm.923921 id = cord-252870-52fjx7s4 author = Xie, Kefan title = The Impact of Risk Perception on Social Distancing during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China date = 2020-08-27 keywords = covid-19; distancing; risk; social summary = Hence, these findings suggest effective management guidelines for successful implementation of the social distancing policies during the COVID-19 pandemic by emphasizing the critical role of risk perception, perceived understanding, and safety climate. Individual''s perceived understanding and safety climate are also examined to identify their effectiveness in the relationship between risk perception and social distancing. Perceived Understanding about the COVID-19 pandemic plays a mediating role between Risk Perception and Social Distancing behavior. The initial questionnaire contained 22 questions to measure these 4 latent variables, including Risk Perception-RP (7 items), Perceived Understanding-PU (4 items), Social Distancing-SD (5 items), and Safety Climate-SC (6 items). This study provided evidence that risk perception and perceived understanding can significantly affect people''s social distancing behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the data collected from an online survey among 317 participants in China throughout May 2020, our analyses indicate that positive changes in social distancing behaviors are associated with increased risk perception, perceived understanding, and safety climate. doi = 10.3390/ijerph17176256 id = cord-013385-6nq4yzvz author = Yang, Fan title = Heterogeneous Influences of Social Support on Physical and Mental Health: Evidence from China date = 2020-09-18 keywords = China; health; social; support summary = A growing body of literature has demonstrated that the amount and quality of social support from relatives, friends, neighbors, and the community are pivotal factors in positively affecting a person''s physical and mental health [10] [11] [12] and acts as a form of prevention against harmful behaviors and distressing emotions [13] . Based on big data from China, this study adopts quantitative research methods to analyze the heterogenous affecting of social support on individual physical and mental health. Oprobit regression models are used to estimate the influences of social support factors on the six mental health dimensions in this study (depression, hopelessness, failure, fear, loneliness, and meaninglessness). As such, we grouped the samples into two subgroups-respondents below 60 and those 60 and over-to check the heterogeneous influence of emotional, tangible or instrumental, interaction or exchange, and community support on individual mental health at different ages. doi = 10.3390/ijerph17186838 id = cord-352122-u9pv2x2j author = Yang, Xiao title = Social support and clinical improvement in COVID-19 positive patients in China date = 2020-08-24 keywords = COVID-19; social; stage summary = Nevertheless, studies on sleep, anxiety, and depressive symptoms of COVID-19 positive patients and those on the psychological intervention for them are still limited. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship between the measured social support-related factors and baseline sleep, anxiety, and depression symptoms and the improvement of these measures. Social support related factors for linear regression included age, gender, marital status, education level, number of family members infected, any close relatives or friends who died in the pandemic, severity of pneumonia, and score of social support rating scale (SSRS). Social support related factors for linear regression included age, gender, marital status, education level, number of family members infected, any close relatives or friends who died in the pandemic, severity of pneumonia, nucleic acid test at Stage 2, and score of social support rating scale (SSRS) at Stage 2. doi = 10.1016/j.outlook.2020.08.008 id = cord-355291-fq0h895i author = Yasir, Ammar title = Modeling Impact of Word of Mouth and E-Government on Online Social Presence during COVID-19 Outbreak: A Multi-Mediation Approach date = 2020-04-24 keywords = Govt; epidemic; social; wom summary = In this study, we attempted to identify the role of E-government and COVID-19 word of mouth in terms of their direct impact on online social presence during the outbreak as well as their impacts mediated by epidemic protection and attitudes toward epidemic outbreaks. The study results revealed that the roles of E-government and COVID-19 word of mouth are positively related to online social presence during the outbreak. Epidemic protection and attitude toward epidemic outbreak were found to positively moderate the impact of the role of E-government and COVID-19 word of mouth on online social presence during the outbreak. We used five constructs (2019-nCoV-WOM, role of E-Govt, attitude toward epidemic outbreak, epidemic protection, and online social presence in the outbreak) with a conceptual multi-mediation model. Our study results revealed that attitude toward epidemic outbreak has a strong mediation effect between the role of E-Govt and online social presence during outbreaks, indicating that other governments and organizations can follow China''s safety model. doi = 10.3390/ijerph17082954 id = cord-300653-7ph0r10x author = Yin, Xiaowen title = An Acute Manic Episode During 2019-nCoV Quarantine date = 2020-07-20 keywords = episode; social summary = CASE PRESENTATION: A 32-year-old woman with direct contact history with her infected colleagues showed elevated mood and increased activity when she was identified negative of nuclear acid amplification test, after experiencing extreme stress in quarantine. CONCLUSION: Quarantine is a major stressful event disrupting social zeitgebers for people who have had contact with infected individuals, especially for vulnerable individuals with a hypersensitive reward system. This model hypothesizes that vulnerability to affective disorders is the result of a hypersensitive reward system that reacts more strongly to external or internal goal-and reward-related life events, and an excessive reward state could be activated by positive goal-striving emotions such as hope and happiness, which in turn lead to a cluster of (hypo) manic psychomotor activation symptoms (Alloy et al., 2015) .This patient''s achievement of the goal of being COVID-negative, as an event involving goal attainment, may have triggered excessive responses and the onset of a mania episode. Quarantine is a major stressful event disrupting social zeitgebers for people who have had contact with infected individuals, especially for vulnerable individuals with a hypersensitive reward system. doi = 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.112 id = cord-350031-2c9x55hx author = Zhao, Sheng Zhi title = Social Distancing Compliance under COVID-19 Pandemic and Mental Health Impacts: A Population-Based Study date = 2020-09-14 keywords = Hong; Kong; social summary = Compliance with social distancing and staying-at-home, stress (Perceived Stress Scale-4), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorders-2), and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-2) were collected. The association of mental health symptoms including stress, anxiety and depression with the number of measures adopted, number of days stayed-at-home and perceived effectiveness and compliance were calculated by multivariable linear (for stress) and logistic (for anxiety and depression) regressions. Effect modifications by age (18-59, 65+ years) and education attainment (primary or below, secondary, and tertiary) on the associations between mental health symptoms, stay-at-home and compliance with social distancing were assessed using the interaction terms. Perceived effectiveness and compliance with social distancing measures were associated with lower stress levels and risks for anxiety and depressive symptoms (all p < 0.001). We have provided the first evidence on compliance with non-pharmaceutical community containment strategies including stay-at-home and social distancing and their associations with mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. doi = 10.3390/ijerph17186692 id = cord-259394-mno88lzj author = Zhu, Wei title = The mediation effects of coping style on the relationship between social support and anxiety in Chinese medical staff during COVID-19 date = 2020-11-04 keywords = Scale; social; support summary = title: The mediation effects of coping style on the relationship between social support and anxiety in Chinese medical staff during COVID-19 We aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety in Chinese medical staff and examine the mediation effects of coping styles on the relationship between social support and anxiety. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the anxiety level of medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic and examine whether coping styles mediate the association between social support and anxiety. Additionally, the social support had indirect effects on the Self-rated Anxiety Scale through Positive Coping and Negative Coping paths, indicating the partial mediation effects of coping style. Moreover, hospital managers can educate the family members on listening and This study also found that the relationship between social support and anxiety was partially mediated by coping styles. The mediation analysis found that coping styles affected on the association between social support and anxiety. doi = 10.1186/s12913-020-05871-6 id = cord-349231-9ibv0730 author = Zsido, Andras N. title = The connection and background mechanisms of social fears and problematic social networking site use: a Structural Equation Modeling analysis date = 2020-07-24 keywords = CMC; SNS; social summary = doi = 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113323 id = cord-034437-lore5krk author = de Kervenoael, Ronan title = Business-to-business and self-governance practice in the digital knowledge economy: learning from pharmaceutical e-detailing in Thailand date = 2020-10-30 keywords = FPSMT; Thailand; actor; b2b; governance; self; social summary = doi = 10.1057/s41291-020-00141-z id = cord-002774-tpqsjjet author = nan title = Section II: Poster Sessions date = 2017-12-01 keywords = AIDS; Canada; Centre; City; Community; HCV; HIV; Health; India; MSM; National; New; Toronto; Vancouver; York; access; african; age; care; child; datum; drug; group; high; introduction; method; need; patient; population; poster; program; research; result; service; session; social; study; urban; woman; year summary = Results: The CHIP Framework The CHIP framework aims to improve the health and wellness of the urban communities served by St. Josephs Health Centre through four intersecting pillars: • Raising Community Voices provides an infrastructure and process that supports community stakeholder input into health care service planning, decision-making, and delivery by the hospital and across the continuum of care; • Sharing Reciprocal Capacity promotes healthy communities through the sharing of our intellectual and physical capacity with our community partners; • Cultivating Integration Initiatives facilitates vertical, horizontal, and intersectoral integration initiatives in support of community-identified needs and gaps; and • Facilitating Healthy Exchange develops best practices in community integration through community-based research, and facilitates community voice in informing public policy. doi = 10.1093/jurban/jti137 id = cord-011924-7ofjjwqo author = ul Hassan Rashid, Muhammad Abo title = Socio-religious Prognosticators of Psychosocial Burden of Beta Thalassemia Major date = 2020-07-21 keywords = beta; major; social; thalassemia summary = The findings reveal that inadequate knowledge of the disease, insufficient or misdirected social support, stigmatization, and marriage breakups caused by the disease, superstitions, and misinterpretations of religion and the subsequent practices accordingly as significant predictors of psychosocial burden of beta thalassemia major among non-cousins and cousin couples. Data was collected by using interview schedule as a tool which comprised demographic variables, independent factors (parental knowledge of disease, social and religious factors) and dependent variable (psychosocial burden of beta thalassemia major). The study also revealed that parental knowledge of disease has a significant effect on psychosocial burden of beta thalassemia major among both cousin and non-cousins couples. The lack of knowledge and awareness regarding causes and management of beta thalassemia major, not only aggravates the disease but has a strong impact on social and psychological adjustment of parents of sick children (Abu Shosha and Al Kalaldeh 2018). doi = 10.1007/s10943-020-01069-6