Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 46 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6824 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 51 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38 state 10 COVID-19 8 State 5 India 4 Fig 3 security 3 health 3 covid-19 3 Kerala 2 right 2 model 2 human 2 article 2 New 2 ICAO 1 vaccine 1 trip 1 tissue 1 threat 1 stay 1 social 1 roman 1 report 1 replica 1 religious 1 quarantine 1 public 1 propaganda 1 privacy 1 policy 1 people 1 pandemic 1 oil 1 object 1 node 1 nigerian 1 mobility 1 military 1 migrant 1 method 1 mask 1 mandate 1 local 1 liquor 1 islamic 1 indigenous 1 group 1 governance 1 gas 1 freedom Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 2989 state 716 case 685 % 678 health 637 security 607 time 601 policy 548 government 529 model 511 number 489 order 483 datum 461 country 449 people 449 level 410 analysis 374 disease 366 measure 346 system 337 population 331 pandemic 318 right 318 change 317 group 314 rate 311 reduction 303 day 273 death 264 article 262 law 259 risk 255 value 253 result 246 effect 244 study 242 emission 240 response 239 mobility 238 term 230 control 228 threat 228 individual 227 power 223 region 221 approach 220 part 217 gas 216 community 215 world 215 home Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 555 State 369 COVID-19 242 Boko 241 Haram 209 States 203 Fig 198 Court 194 India 191 Kerala 187 al 146 China 141 et 137 March 134 Nigeria 121 United 121 April 120 . 116 New 113 Health 110 t 104 U.S. 92 Security 92 Qatar 90 Data 88 US 86 Appeal 85 SARS 85 International 81 Netherlands 79 Table 77 National 76 Council 74 World 74 SC 74 January 68 September 67 EU 66 para 66 Law 63 Article 62 • 62 j 61 seq 59 May 59 Human 59 CoV-2 58 York 57 k 57 June 56 ICAO Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 1323 it 1261 we 478 they 268 i 180 them 110 he 88 us 79 itself 52 themselves 43 one 31 you 21 she 14 me 10 him 6 himself 6 h3k27ac 4 's 3 oneself 2 thereof 2 s 2 r 2 her 1 ya 1 t−1 1 ourselves 1 ours 1 http://search.tb.ask.com/search/video.jhtml?searchfor= 1 herself Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 9182 be 2237 have 712 use 598 do 413 take 391 make 375 provide 372 include 346 show 336 base 303 see 294 follow 290 give 250 consider 212 reduce 210 require 176 lead 175 report 173 remain 171 apply 170 need 163 increase 159 find 159 compare 155 adopt 154 allow 150 assume 147 call 145 implement 144 confirm 141 define 137 mean 137 identify 137 achieve 136 accord 132 establish 128 relate 128 refer 127 suggest 126 develop 125 issue 124 estimate 123 note 122 present 118 prevent 118 become 116 exist 116 argue 115 know 114 stay Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1335 not 719 also 589 more 588 other 550 such 539 - 472 public 429 social 394 human 386 only 339 high 337 well 322 first 294 local 293 different 291 international 281 as 276 however 262 most 262 large 252 non 234 many 229 religious 229 even 218 political 216 low 214 global 205 same 205 economic 202 then 196 national 192 new 184 available 184 above 177 legal 176 least 174 early 164 therefore 157 out 155 long 154 thus 154 further 148 covid-19 145 important 145 federal 145 effective 143 significant 136 so 135 possible 128 specific Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 96 least 91 most 49 high 41 large 41 good 22 Most 18 low 7 poor 7 near 7 great 7 bad 6 small 6 late 6 early 6 big 5 strong 5 strict 3 rich 3 long 3 broad 2 wide 2 weak 2 hot 2 fast 2 deadly 1 worksfirst 1 simple 1 sharp 1 remote 1 outermost 1 old 1 northernmost 1 hard 1 furth 1 close 1 -local 1 -9.6 1 -78,136 Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 171 most 80 least 13 well 1 worst 1 hard Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44 doi.org 11 www.encodeproject.org 8 www 5 github.com 4 clima 3 www.bbc.com 3 creativecommons.org 2 www.theguardian.com 2 www.geric 2 www.businessdictionary.com 2 search.tb.ask.com 2 platform.dnanexus.com 2 google.com 2 enhancer.lbl.gov 2 covid19statepolicy.org 1 www.youtube.com 1 www.who.int 1 www.steptoe.com 1 www.sdpnoticias.com 1 www.proceso.com.mx 1 www.politico.com 1 www.omim.org 1 www.nytimes.com 1 www.nashp 1 www.mdps.gov.qa 1 www.independent.co.uk 1 www.google.com 1 www.gob.mx 1 www.fhwa.dot.gov 1 www.ensembl.org 1 www.encodeproject 1 www.encodedcc 1 www.ebi.ac.uk 1 www.dw.de 1 www.dnanexus.com 1 www.dhs.gov 1 www.cia.gov 1 www.businessinsider.com 1 www.bbc.co.uk 1 www.animalpolitico.com 1 worldsavvy 1 usacovid19tracker.com 1 universalfreepress.com 1 search.tb.ask 1 renlab.sdsc.edu 1 opiac.org.co 1 mohfw.gov.in 1 mapabrasileirodacovid.inloco.com.br 1 inloco.com.br 1 globalnews.ca Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 16 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.04.20168112 10 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.31.20185371 8 http://www 8 http://doi.org/10.1101 7 http://www.encodeproject.org/ 4 http://clima 3 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.26.20140780 3 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 2 http://www.geric 2 http://platform.dnanexus.com/projects/featured 2 http://google.com/covid19/mobility 2 http://github.com/ 2 http://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2093-3 2 http://doi.org/10 2 http://covid19statepolicy.org 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MgdKblgzggQ 1 http://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200402-sitrep-73-covid-19.pdf 1 http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/15/romanian-fruit-pickers-flown-uk-crisis-farming-sector-coronavirus> 1 http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/mar/31/new-york-andrew-cuomo-coronavirus-ventilators> 1 http://www.steptoe.com/en/news-publications/covid-19-state-regulatorytracker.html 1 http://www.sdpnoticias.com/nacional/2016/02/13/comulgo-pena-nieto-en-misa-de-elpapa-en-la-basilica 1 http://www.proceso.com.mx/488808/pueblo-indigena-separado-la-frontera-va-contra-murotrump 1 http://www.politico.com/news/2020/03/19/trump-governors-coronavirus-medical-supplies-137658> 1 http://www.omim.org/ 1 http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/coronavirus-stay-at-home-order.html 1 http://www.nashp 1 http://www.mdps.gov.qa 1 http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/coronavirus-germanyitaly-france-hospital-treatment-covid-19-a9440906.html> 1 http://www.google.com/covid19/mobility/ 1 http://www.gob.mx/sectur/prensa/mexico-entre-los-paises-mas-visitados-por-turismoreligioso-sectur 1 http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/ 1 http://www.ensembl.org/biomart/martview 1 http://www.encodeproject.org/search/? 1 http://www.encodeproject.org/documents/4f73fbc3-956e-47ae-aa2d-41a7df552c81/@@ 1 http://www.encodeproject.org/documents/4a2fc974-f021-4f85-ba7a-bd401fe682d1/@@download/attachment/RenLab_ATAC-seq_protocol_20170130.pdf 1 http://www.encodeproject.org/documents/18580e80-0907-4258-a412-46bcc37bd040/@@ 1 http://www.encodeproject 1 http://www.encodedcc 1 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/api/search/downloads/full 1 http://www.dw.de/ 1 http://www.dnanexus.com/ 1 http://www.dhs.gov/xtrvlsec/programs/content_multi_image_0021.shtm 1 http://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/qa.html 1 http://www.businessinsider.com/us-map-stay-at-home-orders-lockdowns-2020-3 1 http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/innovation.html 1 http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/entrepreneurship.html 1 http://www.bbc.com/news/worldafrica-25187142 1 http://www.bbc.com/news/worldafrica-14677957 1 http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-30728158 1 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-20493739 Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 1 jhaldon@princeton.edu Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 state has not 7 state did not 7 state does not 5 state is not 4 population is still 3 % did not 3 order does not 3 policies were active 3 state has also 3 state is ultimately 3 states do not 2 % were undecided 2 analysis is central 2 analysis is precise 2 country are religious 2 country has regularly 2 country is responsible 2 covid-19 confirmed case 2 deaths is higher 2 disease is readily 2 disease were less 2 government did not 2 government was untruthful 2 group do not 2 group had successfully 2 model is typically 2 order took effect 2 order was still 2 people did not 2 policies are not 2 policies were able 2 policies were effective 2 policy is not 2 population does not 2 population is critical 2 rates are higher 2 reduction is obviously 2 right includes freedom 2 security is as 2 state is aware 2 state is dynamic 2 state is increasingly 2 states adopted lockdown 2 states are constantly 2 states are most 2 states are not 2 states are responsible 2 states did not 2 states had mask 2 states had not Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 % is not allowable 1 % were not fully 1 country showed no discernible 1 deaths does not rapidly 1 government had no other 1 health included not just 1 people is not surprising 1 peoples were not formally 1 policies having no effect 1 policy is not inadequate 1 policy was not necessary 1 population has not vigorously 1 rights were not widely 1 security included not just 1 security is not subordinate 1 state had no relationship 1 state has no control 1 state has not sufficiently 1 state is not final 1 state is not legally 1 state is not part 1 state was not really 1 states are not always 1 states did not broadly 1 states do not even A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-021131-6zbe2qmd author = Abeyratne, Ruwantissa title = The ePassport — new technology to counter security threats date = 2012-11-11 keywords = Convention; ICAO; State; United; privacy; right summary = doi = 10.1007/s12198-012-0101-z id = cord-332577-2z5pchyq author = Adolph, C. title = Governor partisanship explains the adoption of statewide mandates to wear face coverings date = 2020-09-02 keywords = covid-19; mandate; mask; state summary = doi = 10.1101/2020.08.31.20185371 id = cord-163946-a4vtc7rp author = Awasthi, Raghav title = VacSIM: Learning Effective Strategies for COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution using Reinforcement Learning date = 2020-09-14 keywords = distribution; model; state; vaccine summary = We approach this problem by proposing a novel pipeline VacSIM that dovetails Actor-Critic using Kronecker-Factored Trust Region (ACKTR) model into a Contextual Bandits approach for optimizing the distribution of COVID-19 vaccine. We evaluate this framework against a naive allocation approach of distributing vaccine proportional to the incidence of COVID-19 cases in five different States across India and demonstrate up to 100,000 additional lives potentially saved and a five-fold increase in the efficacy of limiting the spread over a period of 30 days through the VacSIM approach. In this paper, we introduce VacSIM, a novel feed-forward reinforcement learning approach for learning effective policy combined with near real-time optimization of vaccine distribution and demonstrate its potential benefit if applied to five States across India. Contextual Bandits play an action based on its current context, given a corresponding reward, hence are more relevant to real-world environments such as the vaccine distribution problem attacked in this work. doi = nan id = cord-017686-127xfkse author = Bindenagel Šehović, Annamarie title = Human Rights and State Responsibilities date = 2018-01-14 keywords = human; right; security; state summary = doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-72068-5_2 id = cord-236070-yao5v598 author = Carneiro, Carlos B. title = Lockdown effects in US states: an artificial counterfactual approach date = 2020-09-28 keywords = New; case; state summary = doi = nan id = cord-274694-kdsv7v8e author = Chathukulam, Jos title = The Kerala Model in the time of COVID19: rethinking State, Society and Democracy date = 2020-09-23 keywords = Covid; Development; India; Kerala; pandemic; state summary = On the other hand, there are some relatively poor, so-called under-developed countries and regions, such as Vietnam (The Economist, 2020), Cambodia and the small state of Kerala in India (a state within a state) which have emerged as success stories with a record of early and effective interventions, of controlling the spread of the virus, healing the infected and reducing the death rate. We will especially focus on the state and Kerala''s model of an effective and vibrant democracy and "public action" in the words of Dreze and Sen. We argue that while Kerala was blessed with good and efficient leaders during this crisis, the more important factors behind Kerala''s success have been robust institutions of state and governance built over many years with the capacity to take timely and effective measures in handling the crisis. doi = 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105207 id = cord-003396-yu6mw601 author = Chen, Pei title = Detecting early‐warning signals of influenza outbreak based on dynamic network marker date = 2018-10-19 keywords = DNM; state summary = By exploring rich dynamical and high‐dimensional information, our dynamic network marker/biomarker (DNM/DNB) method opens a new way to identify the tipping point prior to the catastrophic transition into an influenza pandemics. On the other hand, the dynamic network marker/biomarker (DNM/DNB) method was developed to quantitatively identify the tipping point or the critical state during the dynamic evolution of a complex system based on the observed data. To further reliably identify the critical state of flu outbreak, we developed a new method called the landscape DNM, which explores F I G U R E 1 Schematic illustration to detect early-warning signals of influenza outbreak based on the DNM method. C, Based on the historical and current clinic records, and regional geographic characteristics of a city, the DNM score is able to provide the early-warning signals of the upcoming influenza outbreak as a real-time indicator monitoring both the local and global records as well as the network structure, and the detailed algorithm is provided below. doi = 10.1111/jcmm.13943 id = cord-334541-d0l0nqgh author = Chui, Kenneth KH title = Snowbirds and infection--new phenomena in pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations from winter migration of older adults: A spatiotemporal analysis date = 2011-06-07 keywords = Florida; P&I; state summary = doi = 10.1186/1471-2458-11-444 id = cord-024634-ciuynofm author = DOBBS, Mary title = National Governance of Public Health Responses in a Pandemic? date = 2020-04-21 keywords = COVID-19; approach; state summary = Whilst each state shares values and goals of strong public health and also a resilient economy, with both closely intertwined in the long term, there is clearly no broad global consensus on the balance between values and approaches to them. Consequently, any decision-making is based on the precautionary principle (whether express or otherwise) and it becomes more challenging to identify clear pathways to address the pandemic effectively that also minimise countervailing riskssomething that may in itself justify national rather than international approaches, even whilst benefiting from the centralisation and sharing of scientific data. If one returns to the three core approaches and presumes that they are each effective in principleherd immunity will arise, case numbers and severity can be controlled and/or the disease can be eradicated within the populationsimply reflect on the global nature of our society and the continued shifting nature of our populations. doi = 10.1017/err.2020.39 id = cord-322645-ipzntrm2 author = Dutta, Anwesha title = The local governance of COVID-19: Disease prevention and social security in rural India date = 2020-10-17 keywords = COVID-19; India; Kerala; local; state summary = doi = 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105234 id = cord-017721-5bp0qpte author = Gable, Lance title = Public Health Law and Biological Terrorism date = 2008-09-10 keywords = health; public; quarantine; state summary = However, many existing public health and emergency response laws at the state and federal levels may not be sufficient to address biological terrorism. Federal public health and legal authorities may specifically respond to multiple components of a bioterrorism attack, as well as offer guidance and expertise to assist state and local governments in their responses. In the following sections, we focus predominantly on two specific areas of public health powers authorized under law: (1) restrictions on personal liberty (quarantine, isolation, travel restrictions, privacy) and (2) restrictions on property (decontamination, use of supplies and facilities, disposal of remains). The use of quarantine and isolation by state and local governments is therefore legally and constitutionally acceptable, provided that these powers are used appropriately to protect public health and safety. When should public health authorities use quarantine or isolation to restrict individuals during a bioterrorism emergency? doi = 10.1007/978-1-59745-326-4_12 id = cord-035330-8g3ygwdc author = García Pinzón, Viviana title = Contested borders: organized crime, governance, and bordering practices in Colombia-Venezuela borderlands date = 2020-11-12 keywords = Colombia; Venezuela; border; crime; state summary = doi = 10.1007/s12117-020-09399-3 id = cord-261835-5p5bkcnt author = Ghosh, Abhishek title = Extended lockdown and India's alcohol policy: a qualitative analysis of newspaper articles date = 2020-09-15 keywords = Government; India; Kerala; alcohol; liquor; report; state summary = doi = 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102940 id = cord-012408-wcgjyk5m author = Gorkin, David U. title = An atlas of dynamic chromatin landscapes in mouse fetal development date = 2020-07-29 keywords = ATAC; Data; Extended; Fig; encode; state; tissue summary = At each stage, we dissected a diverse panel of tissues from multiple litters of embryos and performed two replicates of ATAC-seq and ChIP-seq for each of eight histone modifications chosen to distinguish between different types of functional elements (for example, promoters, enhancers and gene bodies), and activity levels (for example, active, poised and repressed) 13,14 (Fig. 1a , b, Extended Data Fig. 1a, b) . In summary, our results describe a multi-tiered compendium of functional annotations for the developmental mouse genome, including chromatin state maps for 72 distinct tissue-stages, an extensive catalogue of candidate regulatory sequences (many with dynamic temporal activity), enhancer target gene predictions, and a collection of transgenic reporter assays that demonstrates a strong relationship between H3K27ac signal and validation rate. doi = 10.1038/s41586-020-2093-3 id = cord-257903-rnuslepe author = Guo, Rongxing title = Political and Administrative Systems date = 2012-07-12 keywords = CCP; China; Council; NPC; People; State summary = The supreme legislative organ of China, the NPC, holds regular (annual) meetings in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing to discuss state affairs, to approve those whom are recommended by the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee (CCPCC) as central government officials, and to issue laws and regulations. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-397826-4.00005-6 id = cord-307753-p1htdvrp author = Haldon, John title = Lessons from the past, policies for the future: resilience and sustainability in past crises date = 2020-05-24 keywords = Antioch; Black; Death; Ottoman; roman; state summary = Past human societies as a whole have been extraordinarily resilient in the face of severe challenges, but the configuration of social and political structures was always impacted in a number of ways, with substantial implications for development pathways (e.g., the different medium-term outcomes of the Black Death in England and France) (Borsch 2005, pp. How societies in the past responded to stress depends on three key sets of conditions: their complexity (the degree of interdependency across social relationships and structures), their institutional and ideological flexibility, and their systemic redundancy, all of which together determine the resilience of the system. Yet if we examine particular outbreaks, even the destructive demographic narrative demonstrates the ability of the Eastern Roman state to react both immediately to the increased numbers of deaths, maintain vital administrative efforts, and continue its long-term political goals. doi = 10.1007/s10669-020-09778-9 id = cord-282620-nv2tg68j author = Hinz, S. title = Internet-based tool for visualizing county and state level COVID-19 trends in the United States. date = 2020-05-18 keywords = covid-19; state summary = doi = 10.1101/2020.05.11.20095851 id = cord-261228-o80y5cic author = Jorge, D. C. P. title = Assessing the nationwide impact of COVID-19 mitigation policies on the transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil date = 2020-06-28 keywords = Brazil; COVID-19; state summary = In this work we analyzed the effects of 547 published governmental interventions, and population adherence thereof, on the dynamics of COVID-19 cases across all 27 Brazilian states, with emphasis on state capitals and remaining inland cities. In this work, we comparatively analyze the evolution of the COVID-19 transmission rate and reproductive number in all 27 Brazilian states, with emphasis on state capitals and remaining inland cities, establishing links with measures of governmental restrictions (NPIs) implemented in each region together with the human behaviour response, particularly the adherence to recommendations of social distancing. In this work we evaluated the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions and social mobility reduction patterns on the spread dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 throughout the 27 Brazilian states, by employing an underlying SEIR model to estimate TRs. Our results show that the measures adopted, combined with the population adherence to restrict circulation, contributed to the decrease of the TR in almost all states, an effect that was perceived in both capitals and inland cities. doi = 10.1101/2020.06.26.20140780 id = cord-155475-is3su3ga author = Kalogeratos, Argyris title = Winning the competition: enhancing counter-contagion in SIS-like epidemic processes date = 2020-06-24 keywords = node; state summary = doi = nan id = cord-027047-xlz576hm author = Koh, Vanessa title = The Singaporean State and Community Care in the Time of Corona date = 2020-06-04 keywords = Singapore; care; migrant; state summary = Following Aulino, and contra some of the rhetoric of aid organizations, we take seriously care-as-maintenance as a valid approach to care in the time of Covid-19, and note that competence on the part of state actors and policy-makers has little to do with sentiment or "concern" per se in terms of daily problem-solving and an overall moral orientation. Rather than adding to existing critiques of the state''s lack of care-as-concern, we focus instead on the structural issue of Singapore''s policies around migrant labor in Singapore that now renders present techniques of care-as-maintenance as insufficient. Of-the-moment responses in the time of Covid-19 may, therefore, fail to highlight areas of provision most needed for migrants in Singapore, beyond perceived insufficiencies in both care-as-concern and care-as-maintenance frameworks. Care-as-maintenance can also be a serious crisis response, but its apparent insufficiencies must be read within a larger context of structural inequalities that dispossess short-term migrant laborers in Singapore, rather than simply a lack of accompanying care-as-concern. doi = 10.1111/ciso.12297 id = cord-273778-68wxa782 author = Lawal, Olanrewaju title = Movement and risk perception: evidence from spatial analysis of mobile phone-based mobility during the COVID-19 lockdown, Nigeria date = 2020-11-02 keywords = COVID-19; Fig; Nigeria; mobility; state summary = The emergence of COVID-19 across the globe prompted many countries to institute total lockdown or other models of mobility restrictions to mitigate the spread of the disease. Examination of the weekly aggregated mobility for the retail and recreation category showed that 7 states exhibited no statistically significant trend (Fig. 4a) . Yobe and Gombe States recorded a declining trend for mobility in the Grocery and Pharmacy place category (Fig. 4c) . The remaining States spread across different parts of the country-mostly in the southern part displayed a statistically significant upward trend of mobility for this place categories. The multiple correspondence analysis identified two dimensions within the mobility trend designation recorded for each State for the six place categories ( Table 1 ). As mobility started an uptrend even during the lockdown period, there is an indication that generally, peoples'' perception of the disease is to consider the pandemic as a voluntary risk. doi = 10.1007/s10708-020-10331-z id = cord-029325-7zceop25 author = Li, Xiao title = Hampa: Solver-Aided Recency-Aware Replication date = 2020-06-13 keywords = method; object; replica; state summary = doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-53288-8_16 id = cord-311089-3zvmfvru author = Macilree, John title = Aeropolitics in a post-COVID-19 world date = 2020-07-28 keywords = IATA; ICAO; state summary = We offer several further, as yet unanswerable, questions about future aeropolitical issues, including how ICAO will continue to address the crisis, implications for air services capacity restrictions, the impact of deglobalisation and the question of state aid for national carriers and other parts of the aviation system. As a UN agency, the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) is tasked with, and has experience in, providing global oversight and leadership of regulatory provisions centering around international passenger air transport, particularly in times of crisis. Some airlines and related aviation sectors, such as airports and air traffic control providers, have signalled to their respective national governments the need for financial support in the form of loans, grants, other cash or fee waivers. doi = 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101864 id = cord-343759-me0n2k3f author = Majiya, H. title = Seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Niger State date = 2020-08-05 keywords = COVID-19; Niger; State summary = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic is ongoing, and to know how far the virus has spread in Niger State, Nigeria, a pilot study was carried out to determine the COVID-19 seroprevalence, patterns, dynamics, and risk factors in the state. COVID-19 IgG and IgM Rapid Test Kits (Colloidal gold immunochromatography lateral flow system) were used to determine the presence or absence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in the blood of sampled participants across Niger State as from 26th June 2020 to 30th June 2020. Antigen-Antibody based kits unlike other methods can detect previous exposure to the infectious agents (WHO, 2020a; 2020b; 2020c; Xiao et al., 2020 )-this information is very important especially in COVID-19 with assumed high rate of asymptomatic cases in order to see how far the virus has spread and infection patterns, effectiveness of social distancing measures enforced and determination of herd immunity to the disease to know the extent of vaccination to do when COVID-19 vaccines become available. doi = 10.1101/2020.08.04.20168112 id = cord-024898-gvudxbc2 author = Medina González, María Concepción title = Mexican Law of Religion at 28 Years of the Constitutional Reform on Religious Matters date = 2020-05-17 keywords = Law; Mexico; article; freedom; religious; state summary = For that reason, among others, I prefer to refer to the "Mexican Law of Religion" as the set of rules of the State concerning the religious factor that attends to the religious needs and interests at the individual level (individual juridical person), corporate level (religious communities and religious associations), and collective level (indigenous peoples, with respect to their religious practices and customs), under the principles of religious freedom, laicity (laicidad), and separation of state and churches (or religious communities). Although a prohibition is incorporated: "No one can use the public acts of expression of this freedom for political purposes, proselytism or propaganda." Before this reform, several civil and non-Catholic religious associations demonstrated in about 20 states in the Mexican Republic to warn that they would not allow the reform of Article 24 of the Constitution, because it threatens the secular nature of the Mexican State and it gives privileges for Catholics. doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-46717-3_7 id = cord-260730-w9yv4jd7 author = Neff, Shawn M. title = Guidance concerning chiropractic practice in response to COVID-19 in the U.S.: a summary of state regulators’ web-based information date = 2020-07-06 keywords = COVID-19; chiropractic; state summary = Data were collected regarding the official guidance provided by each state''s chiropractic licensing board as well as the issuance of stay-at-home orders and designations of essential personnel by state governors. The seven domains involve: 1.) shelter-in-place or stay-at-home orders/directives, 2.) classification of chiropractors as essential healthcare providers, 3.) restriction of chiropractic practice to urgent/ emergent presentations, 4.) recommendations for infectious disease control or use of personal protective equipment (PPE), 5.) chiropractic telehealth recommendations, 6.) alterations to continuing education (CE) or license renewal requirements (e.g. deadline extensions or changes to distance learning limitations), and 7.) warnings against false, deceptive, or misleading claims related to spinal manipulation/adjustments conferring protection against infection or COVID-19. Fourteen state chiropractic licensing boards (28%) provided guidance to restrict face-to-face chiropractic appointments to only those patients deemed to have urgent, acute, or emergency conditions; the remaining 36 states (72%) provided no guidance on whether chiropractors should continue with business as usual or restrict their practices (see Table 2 ). doi = 10.1186/s12998-020-00333-6 id = cord-017067-19eawrjt author = Ogbondah, Chris Wolumati title = Terrorists and Social Media Messages: A Critical Analysis of Boko Haram’s Messages and Messaging Techniques date = 2017-10-24 keywords = Boko; Haram; Shekau; State; group; islamic; nigerian; propaganda summary = doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-70443-2_18 id = cord-232657-deu921ma author = Prabhu, Shreekanth M. title = Surveillance of COVID-19 Pandemic using Hidden Markov Model date = 2020-08-14 keywords = COVID-19; India; Markov; state summary = doi = nan id = cord-175286-j9mvulr0 author = Prasad, Rabinder Kumar title = Changing Clusters of Indian States with respect to number of Cases of COVID-19 using incrementalKMN Method date = 2020-07-12 keywords = India; state summary = doi = nan id = cord-016839-cqtpj3m0 author = Ramcharan, Robin title = Intellectual Property and Human Security date = 2012-08-17 keywords = Idaho; human; security; state summary = Article 27 (1) of the TRIPS Agreement stipulates that "patents shall be available for any inventions, whether products or processes, in all fields of technology, provided that they are new, involve an inventive step and are capable of industrial application." According to para 2: Members may exclude from patentability inventions, the prevention within their territory of the commercial exploitation of which is necessary to protect ordre public or morality, including to protect human, animal or plant life or health or to avoid serious prejudice to the environment, provided that such exclusion is not made merely because the exploitation is prohibited by their law. doi = 10.1007/978-90-6704-900-9_2 id = cord-129175-zkwxc9xy author = Renne, Jean-Paul title = Preventing COVID-19 Fatalities: State versus Federal Policies date = 2020-10-28 keywords = U.S.; policy; state summary = doi = nan id = cord-169288-aeyz2t6c author = Runvik, Haakan title = Initialization of a Disease Transmission Model date = 2020-07-17 keywords = model; state summary = Approaches to the calculation of the full state vector of a larger epidemiological model for the spread of COVID-19 in Sweden at the initial time instant from available data and with a simplified dynamical model are proposed and evaluated. This paper is concerned with using publicly available epidemiological data for estimating suitable initial conditions for a large mechanistic general Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model of the Swedish COVID-19 outbreak. The problem of estimating the infected, exposed, and asymptomatic populations at a given point in time (model initialization point) is therefore investigated, based on the data for cumulative incidence measured over a fixed time horizon. The remaining compartments of the Markov chain model do not influence the infected, exposed or asymptomatic populations and are therefore not included at present in the considered estimation problem. First, linear model (1) was used to generate the data, with the same Poisson-distributed state dependent noise sources as derived for the estimators. doi = nan id = cord-011464-tr5ata0h author = Sawalha, Amr H. title = Medical Licensure: It is time to eliminate practice borders within the United States date = 2020-05-19 keywords = State summary = The status quo of restrictions imposed on the practice of medicine by State medical licensure does not make sense, and needlessly puts a tremendous pressure on the ability of physicians to do what they do best-take care of patients. Needlessly having to apply and go through verification processes for another medical license for a different State entails significant effort, time, and resources that are better invested in taking care of patients. Physicians will continue to be required to hold a medical license in good standing to practice medicine. However, this license can be issued from any State regardless of where the physician practices within the country. If that system was to be adopted, then maintenance of such a license can continue to be issued from the State where a physician lives or wishes to practice, and again entails no loss of revenue to State medical licensing boards. doi = 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.04.015 id = cord-017257-4fnzww6y author = Singh, Bilveer title = The Emergence of an Asia-Pacific Diplomacy of Counter-Terrorism in Tackling the Islamic State Threat date = 2017-05-13 keywords = Asia; Islamic; Pacific; State; military summary = doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-60762-7_12 id = cord-031836-bzos4k52 author = Spier, Jaap title = ‘The “Strongest” Climate Ruling Yet’: The Dutch Supreme Court’s Urgenda Judgment date = 2020-09-14 keywords = Appeal; Court; ECHR; Netherlands; State; article; dutch summary = A series of important issues have been considered in review: can human rights serve as a basis for the injunctive relief sought?, the role of the precautionary principle, the need for a consistent policy, suum cuique tribuere, minimal causation (each State has to assume responsibility for ''its part''), is the marginal causal contribution of Dutch emissions an insurmountable hurdle?, minimum obligations, a disproportionate burden, the role of the Paris Agreement, and the political issue doctrine. The Court of Appeal''s judgment is consistent with the foregoing, as it held that the State''s policy regarding GHG reduction is obviously not meeting the requirements pursuant to Articles 2 and 8 ECHR to take suitable measures to protect the residents of the Netherlands from dangerous climate change. The Court of Appeal''s judgment is consistent with the foregoing, as the Court of Appeal held that the State''s policy regarding greenhouse gas reduction is obviously not meeting the requirements pursuant to Articles 2 and 8 ECHR to take suitable measures to protect the residents of the Netherlands from dangerous climate change. doi = 10.1007/s40802-020-00172-5 id = cord-347519-aowxr873 author = Stoeva, Preslava title = Dimensions of Health Security—A Conceptual Analysis date = 2020-07-28 keywords = Baldwin; Global; health; security; state; threat summary = HIV/AIDS was framed as a foreign policy problem by the Clinton Administration''s Interagency working group on emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases'' report "Infectious Disease: A Global Health Threat," and the National Intelligence Council''s report "The Global Infectious Disease Threat and its Implications for the United States." Fidler''s analysis, however, mistook US'' foreign policy focus on emerging and reemerging communicable diseases and bioterrorism for a global trend and a normative shift, claiming that health had achieved "pre-eminent political value for 21st century humanity." [40] Kickbusch (2002) argued that the US had shaped the international agenda to fit in with its national interests and priorities and in doing so had preferenced a "unilateral hegemonic approach" to multilateral cooperation. doi = 10.1002/gch2.201700003 id = cord-289029-6vcjioon author = Suri, Abdul Wahab title = The Rejuvenation of the Withering Nation State and Bio-power: The New Dynamics of Human Interaction date = 2020-08-25 keywords = COVID-19; state summary = The incapacity of some advanced nation-states to control the masses through their frameworks of governmentality is leading to a revival of disciplinary power in the First World. In many parts of the world, states are instrumentalizing this type of power to discipline people in order to control the wide spread of the virus. In our part of the world (Pakistan) the people in power are constantly informing those who are not that, given that the virus is so contagious, they will be unable to provide healthcare to everyone who is infected or likely to be infected. This discourse at the subliminal level conveys the false assumption that under normal circumstances the public sector healthcare apparatus is actually capable of accommodating all the sick people affected by diseases other than COVID-19-which is, of course, untrue. doi = 10.1007/s11673-020-10021-y id = cord-276417-8gvv7tna author = Tok, Evren title = Entrepreneurship in a Transformative and Resource-Rich State: The Case of Qatar date = 2020-04-23 keywords = GCC; Gulf; Qatar; gas; oil; state summary = doi = 10.1016/j.exis.2020.04.002 id = cord-289846-i7xg1tpp author = Torres, Camilo title = Re-imagining environmental governance: Gold dredge mining vs Territorial Health in the Colombian Amazon date = 2020-10-15 keywords = Amazon; Andoke; State; colombian; environmental; governance; indigenous; people summary = Drawing on recent fieldwork among the Andoke, an ethnic group well acquainted with extractivism in its different historical modalities and presently affronting the fallout of gold dredge mining we narrate how a parallel, non-state governance system makes it difficult for them to care for their land and entertain mutual and respectful relations with human and nonhuman beings (which we translate as ''territorial health''). The vast, continuous forests gather a large spectrum of visions and practices that shape different forms of state-led environmental governance, the largest one being the administrative figure of Resguardos or Indigenous Reserves (55.43% of the area). 5 State-led environmental governance in the Colombian Amazon is of course not the haphazard outcome of State-Indigenous peoples relations but rather the result of the ontologically inflected ways in which the State has historically framed the problems and solutions of the region. doi = 10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.09.013 id = cord-343414-2embihmf author = Wagner, Aaron B. title = Social distancing merely stabilized COVID‐19 in the US date = 2020-07-13 keywords = COVID-19; state summary = doi = 10.1002/sta4.302 id = cord-164718-f6rx4h3r author = Wellenius, Gregory A. title = Impacts of State-Level Policies on Social Distancing in the United States Using Aggregated Mobility Data during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-21 keywords = March; social; state summary = In summary, using anonymized, aggregated, and differentially private data from Google users who opted in to Location History, we found that state-mandated social distancing orders were effective in decreasing time spent away from places of residence, as well as reducing visits to work, and visits to both grocery stores/pharmacies and retail/recreational locations. Our overall approach was to use regression discontinuity using each county''s recent past as its own control to assess the impact of state declarations of emergency and targeted social distancing policies on the relative changes in the average time spent away from places of residence, the number of visits to work, and the number of visits to: 1) grocery stores and pharmacies, 2) retail stores, recreational sites, and eateries, 3) transit stops, and 4) parks. doi = nan id = cord-315681-p3j8kt80 author = Wiley, Lindsay F title = Public Health Law and Science in the Community Mitigation Strategy for Covid-19 date = 2020-05-08 keywords = CDC; New; covid-19; health; state summary = To mitigate the spread of Covid-19, federal, state, and local officials have exercised broad powers available to them under public health statutes and emergency declarations to close businesses and restrict the movement of individuals outside their homes. A court asked to address whether a public health agency has acted reasonably and without abusing its discretion need not simply defer to the expertise of the agency without requiring that the agency to identify and explain the logic the agency deployed to reach its conclusion that quarantine was appropriate." 97 The same is true of officials charged with developing emergency communicable disease control guidelines that, while technically voluntary, are likely to be relied on to enforce involuntary-and highly intrusive-measures by state and local governments. doi = 10.1093/jlb/lsaa019 id = cord-030704-cgoq0m5u author = Wimmer, Simon title = Verified Certification of Reachability Checking for Timed Automata date = 2020-03-13 keywords = HOL; state summary = The resulting tool is evaluated on a set of standard benchmarks to demonstrate its practicality, using a new unverified model checker implementation in Standard ML to construct the certificates. Previous work [31] has addressed this problem by constructing a model checker for timed automata that is fully verified using Isabelle/HOL [25] . We use a new unverified model checker called Mlunta, which is implemented in Standard ML (SML), to generate certificates for a set of standard benchmarks, and to evaluate our verified certifier''s performance on these benchmarks 1 . Thus, model checking algorithms for timed automata are based on the idea of abstracting from concrete valuations to sets of clock valuations of type (nat ⇒ real ) set, often called zones. Using these techniques, we obtain a simple certificate checker that is executable, provided that we can implement the elementary model checking primitives such as the subsumption check or computing the list of successors of a state. doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-45190-5_24 id = cord-125190-87wcp92x author = Xiong, Chenfeng title = Data-Driven Modeling Reveals the Impact of Stay-at-Home Orders on Human Mobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the U.S date = 2020-05-02 keywords = COVID-19; state; stay summary = This study uses real-world location-based service data collected from anonymized mobile devices to uncover mobility changes during COVID-19 and under the ''Stay-at-home'' state orders in the U.S. The study measures human mobility with two important metrics: daily average number of trips per person and daily average person-miles traveled. While the data confirmed that, nationwide, mobility had dropped significantly one week or even two weeks before the orders were issued, an additional 6.1% decrease in daily average number of trips per person and 10.8% decrease in daily average person-miles traveled (PMT) were observed in the week after the order took effect across different states. To quantify how people in different states responded to "Stay-at-home" orders during the COVID-19 pandemic, we studied the longitudinal changes in state-level mobility using a generalized additive model (GAM) (Wood, 2017; Hastie, 1993; Hastie & Tibshirani, 1990 ) of daily average number of trips per person and daily average person-miles traveled. doi = nan id = cord-129527-dzkrar2t author = Zhou, Weiyi title = An Interstate Trips Analysis during COVID-19 in the United States date = 2020-07-04 keywords = Fig; state; trip summary = Then, with repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc analysis, we discern different time-course patterns of between-state population flow by pandemic severity groups. Third, the high-, middle-, and low-severity states are compared to show the time course changes of interstate trips through Repeated Measures ANOVA and post-hoc analysis. We also conduct a more detailed analysis of interstate trips at the origin-destination level between states, as shown in Fig. 2 , with states in both axis ordered by the cumulative cases by April 6 (when all states announced stay-in-home orders) in ascending sequence. The daily Spearman correlation coefficient between percentage change of inflow interstate trips and cumulative cases per 1,000 people (defined as the indicator of pandemic severity) of all 50 states and the District of Columbia shows interesting time-course changes (Fig. 3) . With repeated measures one-way ANOVA and post hoc analysis, we investigate the course of interstate trip variations by pandemic severity groups. doi = nan id = cord-029288-fn70apbe author = Češka, Milan title = SeQuaiA: A Scalable Tool for Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Chemical Reaction Networks date = 2020-06-13 keywords = Fig; analysis; state summary = 1. The analysis is notoriously difficult and computationally expensive due to several aspects: state-space explosion (exponential growth in the number of species, possibly infinite spaces due to unbounded populations as in Fig. 1 , different rates for different populations, again as in Fig. 1 ), stochasticity (races between reactions), stiffness (rates of different magnitudes), multimodality (qualitatively different behaviours such as extinction of predators only, or also of preys in the predator-prey models) [17, 34] . Visualization: The GUI provides a number of ways to display the results, facilitating understanding the models, including (i) identification of strongly connected parts of ''iterations'', corresponding to ''temporarily stable'' behaviours, (ii) quantitative information on transient times and steady-state distributions, or (iii) visual qualitative explanations, such as semantic grouping of states or tracking correlations between populations. doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-53288-8_32