id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-034575-kio60itg	Lafleur, Jean-Michel	Do EU Member States Care About their Diasporas’ Access to Social Protection? A Comparison of Consular and Diaspora Policies across EU27	2020-10-31		.txt	text/plain	11285	403	34	Drawing on data from two original surveys with national experts, we operationalize the concepts of descriptive infrastructure for non-residents (i.e. the presence of diaspora-related institutions) and substantive infrastructure (i.e. policies that provide and facilitate access to welfare for nationals abroad) in order to propose a new typology of states' engagement with their diaspora in the area of social protection. With the concept of diaspora infrastructure, we aim to highlight the fact that sending states' engagement with nationals abroad in the area of welfare consists of both institutions (consulates, ministries or sub-ministries in charge of emigration issues) and policies (rights and support services) aiming to protect the diaspora against vulnerability or social risks. As previously mentioned, we operationalise sending states' descriptive infrastructure as the institutional framework that comprises home countries' public institutions at the national level which meet both conditions of having a mandate to engage primarily with the diaspora and being active in the adoption or implementation of social protection policies that benefit this population.	./cache/cord-034575-kio60itg.txt	./txt/cord-034575-kio60itg.txt