Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 44 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13381 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 43 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44 surface 9 Fig 7 virus 7 SARS 6 dna 6 detection 5 figure 5 cell 4 membrane 4 COVID-19 3 copper 3 MRSA 2 study 2 structure 2 size 2 sample 2 result 2 protein 2 particle 2 nanoparticle 2 layer 2 infection 2 hospital 2 high 2 disinfectant 2 concentration 2 cantilever 2 antimicrobial 2 SPR 2 BSA 1 transmission 1 system 1 superhydrophobic 1 specimen 1 sensor 1 sensitive 1 section 1 respiratory 1 resonance 1 process 1 plasmon 1 peptide 1 patient 1 packaging 1 outbreak 1 orientation 1 oil 1 ocular 1 nosocomial 1 network Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 3779 surface 1604 cell 1372 virus 1365 protein 1004 study 979 membrane 975 particle 810 material 780 % 777 detection 724 system 720 time 714 method 702 infection 693 result 673 effect 656 interaction 622 structure 574 nanoparticle 568 peptide 568 activity 563 property 560 process 558 model 545 sample 523 application 515 patient 513 concentration 509 analysis 499 environment 496 water 481 layer 457 datum 455 molecule 438 electron 437 antibody 429 contact 427 technique 424 type 424 hospital 423 use 393 transmission 393 sensor 392 change 387 contamination 385 size 376 hand 375 lipid 372 copper 370 acid Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 903 al 740 et 479 . 333 Fig 326 SARS 213 CoV-2 191 SEM 159 SPR 128 COVID-19 124 NTCP 118 C 115 A 114 pH 110 University 106 RNA 106 MRSA 106 E. 88 ND 84 Staphylococcus 83 B 79 K 75 PCR 74 Health 73 LP 71 II 71 DNA 70 Institute 68 m 68 L 66 HBV 64 Figure 63 D 62 AFM 61 • 61 BSA 60 Shannon 60 Monte 59 Na 58 Carlo 58 Ca 57 Table 57 QCM 56 M 56 Escherichia 56 Control 56 AHS 55 microcantilever 54 S. 54 N 54 Department Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 1347 we 1158 it 480 they 169 them 126 i 58 us 46 one 39 itself 29 themselves 7 you 7 he 3 hnovs 2 she 2 me 2 covid-19 1 ≥100 1 ™ 1 s 1 mrnas 1 hnov 1 himself 1 herewith Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 14878 be 2836 have 2204 use 1071 show 842 base 481 include 454 find 410 bind 388 develop 377 increase 360 study 358 make 355 provide 348 allow 341 obtain 332 apply 329 do 324 report 323 form 323 detect 319 suggest 314 determine 312 contain 308 observe 307 associate 303 compare 299 cause 297 reduce 289 investigate 281 follow 269 demonstrate 268 perform 258 result 249 measure 241 induce 240 require 236 produce 235 lead 227 indicate 226 describe 225 know 221 remain 213 present 212 generate 210 give 206 consider 201 identify 199 relate 199 involve 190 take Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1032 such 1031 high 942 not 891 also 749 - 736 different 674 other 656 more 650 human 568 low 515 well 449 however 437 most 430 environmental 410 molecular 391 antimicrobial 384 specific 383 small 374 new 365 only 363 large 361 various 360 important 352 several 349 very 349 as 335 single 333 viral 314 biological 288 free 281 respiratory 276 non 275 long 266 many 264 then 248 optical 239 experimental 237 first 236 thus 236 highly 235 bacterial 232 sensitive 232 possible 216 clinical 215 same 205 structural 204 complex 199 even 196 recent 191 recently Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 132 most 51 least 48 high 36 good 30 Most 22 low 15 large 13 late 10 great 6 simple 5 early 5 bad 4 small 3 strong 3 near 3 fast 3 close 3 big 2 new 2 long 2 fine 1 ω 1 thin 1 soft 1 smooth 1 short 1 severe 1 rough 1 postsurgery 1 poor 1 old 1 micrometre 1 firm 1 easy 1 cord-010343-tqqt0hj7 1 common 1 angioblast Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 305 most 31 least 11 well 1 worst 1 scfv 1 fast 1 -spectroscopic Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 doi.org 1 www.protiveris.com 1 www.gisaid.org 1 www.fbs.osaka-u.ac.jp 1 www.biomedcentral.com 1 www.ada.org" 1 orcid.org 1 orcid Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 8 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.22.20180042 1 http://www.protiveris.com/ 1 http://www.gisaid.org 1 http://www.fbs.osaka-u.ac.jp/labs/yanagida/ 1 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/6/130/pre 1 http://www.ada.org" 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6927-7751 1 http://orcid Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 1 thalmann@ics-cnrs.unistra.fr 1 stamou@nano.ku.dk 1 s.sharkh@hzdr.de 1 roumestand@cbs.cnrs.fr 1 pilar.riveragil@physik.uni-marburg.deth 1 nfsoares10@gmail.com 1 michael.graetzel@epfl.ch 1 markus.staufenbiel@biologie.unio 1 kissel@staff.uni-marburg.de 1 jrother@gwdg.de 1 hudsongarrettjr@gmail.com 1 gpaehle@gwdg.de 1 g.helms@jacobs-university.dein 1 ehrlich@nano.ku.dk 1 cweichb@gwdg.de 1 christian.schwieger@chemie.uni-halle.de 1 anna.pietuch@chemie.unigoettingen.de 1 amit@ccmb.res.in 1 a.m.van.oijen@rug.nl 1 mihaela.mic@itim-cj.ro Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 results are finally 9 systems form sets 6 surfaces are not 4 concentration is less 4 nanoparticles are not 4 results were quite 3 cells were then 3 concentrations were very 3 detection was also 3 nanoparticles has not 3 nanoparticles is not 3 samples using surface 3 samples were immediately 3 samples were then 3 virus does not 2 activity is not 2 cells are not 2 cells are still 2 cells is lethal 2 detection using piezoresistive 2 effects were not 2 infection was significantly 2 infections were frequently 2 interaction is due 2 material is far 2 material is mainly 2 materials including woody 2 materials were able 2 membrane is pϪ 2 method is not 2 method was first 2 methods are applicable 2 methods are very 2 model is frequently 2 nanoparticle is small 2 nanoparticles are also 2 nanoparticles are esp 2 nanoparticles are extremely 2 nanoparticles are frequently 2 nanoparticles are much 2 nanoparticles are part 2 nanoparticles have superior 2 nanoparticles is extremely 2 nanoparticles is lethal 2 nanoparticles using quantum 2 particles are different 2 particles are not 2 particles are submicrometer 2 particles are useful 2 particles do not Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 nanoparticles are not generally 2 nanoparticles is not large 2 particles do not necessarily 1 % had no alcohol 1 % had no soap 1 activity is not exclusive 1 activity was not due 1 cells are not susceptible 1 cells showed no differences 1 cells showed no significant 1 effects are not completely 1 infections are not easily 1 interactions are not sufficient 1 material is not necessarily 1 materials had no cfus 1 method is not correct 1 method is not purely 1 particles are not only 1 patient are not strictly 1 peptides is not yet 1 process having no infl 1 samples were not postfixed 1 structure is not enough 1 studies are not possible 1 study have no conflict 1 surfaces are not adequately 1 surfaces are not always 1 surfaces are not degradable 1 surfaces are not ph 1 surfaces are not properly 1 surfaces showed no cfus 1 surfaces were not adequately 1 surfaces were not consistently 1 system are not limited 1 time is not practical 1 virus was no longer A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-328816-xyj8mc8g author = A, Jishnu title = Superhydrophobic graphene-based materials with self-cleaning and anticorrosion performance: An appraisal of neoteric advancement and future perspectives date = 2020-08-15 keywords = graphene; oil; superhydrophobic; surface summary = doi = 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125395 id = cord-010343-tqqt0hj7 author = Alidjinou, Enagnon Kazali title = Resistance of Enteric Viruses on Fomites date = 2017-06-15 keywords = MNV; surface; virus summary = The survival of main enteric viruses on fomites and its implication for virus transmission will be analyzed, and the major disinfection procedures and their impact will be described. Available data suggest that the majority of viruses persist longer on nonporous surfaces [7] ; however, results are sometimes conflicting, and the effect of fomite properties might also depend on the viral type. Therefore, survival and inactivation studies are commonly conducted using cultivable surrogates such as feline calicivirus (FCV) or murine norovirus (MNV) [40] . In another study conducted at room temperature, the authors demonstrated that MNV could survive for up to 28 days on 6 different surfaces and the rank order of infectivity reduction from highest to lowest was stainless steel, plastic, rubber, glass, ceramic, and wood [44] . Disinfectants are commonly used for virus inactivation, especially in the health care settings and the food industry, to prevent outbreaks due to enteric viruses. doi = 10.1159/000448807 id = cord-022037-4ik3jxjy author = Alvarez, Mar title = CANTILEVER BIOSENSORS date = 2008-07-05 keywords = cantilever; dna; surface summary = Nanomechanical sensors are derived from the microfabricated cantilevers used in atomic force microscopy (AFM) and are based on the bending or resonance change induced in the cantilever when, for example, a biomolecular interaction takes place on one of its surfaces. The sensitivity of microcantilevers for measuring intermolecular forces, the commercial availability of cantilevers, and their fabrication using standard microelectronic technology resulted, around 1994, in a new type of sensor where the transducer system is based on a silicon microcantilever with a tipless free end (Figure 10 .6) (Gimzewski et al., 1994; Chen et al., 1995) . Biochemical applications for this type of sensor have been specifically developed for bending-based modes of measurement, with an optical read-out, due to the complexity required for working with the dynamic mode in liquids. Currently, there are many different and alternative ways to increase the sensitivity of cantilever-based biosensors, depending on the sensor working mode. doi = 10.1016/b978-044453125-4.50012-7 id = cord-017882-3fxjti92 author = Banoub, Joseph H. title = Fundamental Principles for Luminescence Sensing Measuring Devices Used for the Detection of Biological Warfare Agents date = 2017-07-06 keywords = CANARY; Fig; SPR; cell; detection; surface summary = Therefore, in the following sections, we will provide an overview of the state-of-the-art prime molecular sensing technologies for the detection of BAs. It should be noticed that the current methods for detecting pathogenic bacteria, which include ELISA and PCR [20, 21] are assays that exploit antibodies as molecular recognition elements due to their highly specific targeting of antigenic sites. The first step toward the development of an AMP-based, label-free electronic biosensor consisted of targeting the microbial cells by magainin I using impedance spectroscopy. In this sensor, the antibodies or other capture molecules are immobilized in a two-dimensional array on an optical waveguide (as either stripes or spots) and standard fluoroimmunoassays are performed within the channels of a multi-channel flow cell, which is placed on the waveguide surface ( Fig. 4.6 , left). Most of the sensing measuring devices used for the detection of biological warfare agents are based on luminescence immunoassay signal transduction mechanisms which are optical. doi = 10.1007/978-94-024-1113-3_4 id = cord-257255-n5o368ih author = Barker, J. title = Spread and prevention of some common viral infections in community facilities and domestic homes date = 2001-12-21 keywords = infection; surface; virus summary = Amongst health care professionals there is growing awareness that improved standards of hand, surface and air hygiene in community settings could do much to prevent the spread of viral infections within these environments. In a preschool daycare centre, respiratory and gastrointestinal infections decreased following implementation of measures which included reinforcing existing handwashing procedures and education of staff and families on issues of infection control including environmental surface cleaning and disinfection and disinfection of toys (Krilov et al. Nevertheless, overall, there is convincing circumstantial evidence to suggest that improved standards of hygiene can have a signi®cant impact in reducing the rates of respiratory, intestinal and other viral infections in childcare facilities, domestic homes, hospitals and adult care centres and the circulation of infections between these communities. Potential role of hands in the spread of respiratory viral infections Ð studies with human parain¯uenza virus 3 and rhinovirus 14 doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01364.x id = cord-103877-03b1t37r author = Bordatchev, Evgueni V. title = Preliminary experimental analysis of the surface topography formation during laser polishing H13 tooling steel using statistical characteristics of the surface amplitude distribution date = 2020-12-31 keywords = surface summary = To complement that, laser polishing (LP) is one of the advanced manufacturing surface finishing techniques that has been recently developed and successfully employed for improving surface quality without deteriorating the overall structural form through surface smoothing by melting and redistributing a thin layer of molten material. To exemplify the effective application of statistical amplitude distribution characteristics, LP experiments were conducted with two different laser powers (25 W and 100 W) on flat and ground initial surfaces and resulting surface topographies were measured. The current study plans to demonstrate that the resulting quality of the LP surface is affected by two interrelated thermodynamic processes induced by the moving laser source, namely melting, redistribution and solidification of both solid body and surface topography. The effect of laser power on surface topography formation and its thermodynamic and statistical components was studied by comparing initial and LP longitudinal Y-Y cross-sections hini(x) and hLP(x) of ground and flat samples with different LP powers (25 W and 100 W). doi = 10.1016/j.promfg.2020.05.033 id = cord-294714-2ixbqlb0 author = Carroll, Gregory T. title = Photons to illuminate the universe of sugar diversity through bioarrays date = 2007-07-04 keywords = Fig; carbohydrate; surface summary = doi = 10.1007/s10719-007-9052-1 id = cord-245161-xbw72k4m author = Castano, Nicolas title = Fomite transmission and disinfection strategies for SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses date = 2020-05-23 keywords = PCR; SARS; disinfectant; disinfection; fomite; surface; transmission; virus summary = doi = nan id = cord-275023-0z219rcy author = Cerofolini, Linda title = Orientation of immobilized antigens on common surfaces by a simple computational model: Exposition of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein RBD epitopes date = 2020-07-29 keywords = SARS; orientation; protein; surface summary = title: Orientation of immobilized antigens on common surfaces by a simple computational model: Exposition of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein RBD epitopes In this manuscript, we apply a simple computational model, based on united-residue modelling, to the prediction of the orientation of the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on surfaces commonly used in lateral-flow devices. In this manuscript we apply a very simple method based on a unitedresidue modelling of protein-surface interactions, to specifically address the problem of determining the orientation of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) on a few prototypical surfaces for biomedical use. In this work, we describe the use of united-residue modelling for the prediction of the orientation of the receptor binding domain of the spike protein of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, a protein of high immunological relevance at the most commonly used surfaces for the preparation of lateral-flow immunochemical devices. doi = 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106441 id = cord-348840-s8wjg4ar author = Cobrado, L. title = High-touch surfaces: microbial neighbours at hand date = 2017-06-25 keywords = MRSA; environmental; healthcare; outbreak; surface summary = doi = 10.1007/s10096-017-3042-4 id = cord-003412-8n2s0bl1 author = Colin, Marius title = Copper Alloy Touch Surfaces in Healthcare Facilities: An Effective Solution to Prevent Bacterial Spreading date = 2018-12-06 keywords = CFU; copper; surface summary = During the sampling sequences in the five long-term care facilities, a total of 688 copper surfaces and 688 control surfaces were sampled, with 682 samples being obtained from door handles of resident''s room and 694 obtained from handrails in corridors. Nevertheless, in each facility and for both door handle and handrail, the median bacterial burden was lower on copper surface than on the control. Comparison between copper and control surfaces revealed that, in each long-term care facilities and for both sequences, the median bacterial burden was lower on copper door handles. One and three years after copper alloys set-up, several copper door handles, randomly selected, were removed from the five long-term care facilities and transferred to the laboratory to evaluate their efficiency against a MRSA strain. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial properties of door handles and handrails containing copper that have been used on a daily base in five long-term care facilities. doi = 10.3390/ma11122479 id = cord-030110-ti5qjrn0 author = Elzaabalawy, Assem title = Potential of combating transmission of COVID-19 using novel self-cleaning superhydrophobic surfaces: part II—thermal, chemical, and mechanical durability date = 2020-08-05 keywords = Fig; surface summary = In this study, we examine the durability of the newly developed surfaces when subjected to elevated temperature, chemical attack and mechanical damage in the form of abrasion and compressive load. Our results show clearly that the newly developed superhydrophobic surfaces are capable of resisting the adverse effects of thermal and chemical attacks as well as mechanical abrasion owing to the excellent structural stability and mechanical properties of the constituents of the nanocomposite. Moreover, our superhydrophobic monolith demonstrated exceptional regenerative capabilities even after being subjected to damaging compressive stresses of up to 10 MPa. COVID-19 can be transmitted through airborne respiratory droplets, ejected as a result of coughing or sneezing through human contact with contaminated surfaces (Yang and Wang 2020; Gralinski and Menachery 2020) . Finally, the mechanical durability of the surface of epoxy-based nanocomposite coating was assessed using abrasion tests, while the regenerative capability of the silicone-based nanocomposite monoliths was evaluated using compressive loading. doi = 10.1007/s10999-020-09512-y id = cord-313356-ninzeazy author = Fiorillo, Luca title = COVID-19 Surface Persistence: A Recent Data Summary and Its Importance for Medical and Dental Settings date = 2020-04-30 keywords = COVID-19; SARS; surface; virus summary = doi = 10.3390/ijerph17093132 id = cord-334818-8qx045b9 author = Garrett, J. Hudson title = The Importance of the Clinical Environment in the Transmission of Health Care-Associated Infections date = 2015-12-31 keywords = care; surface summary = The cleanliness of medical equipment such as a portable ultrasound machines, patient care surfaces, and environment surfaces are all included; thus, an impeccably clean environment is a shared goal between environmental services workers and vascular access professionals. Environmental services and vascular access professionals can also serve as educators by informing patients of the steps being taken to mitigate the risk for infection, such as daily and terminal cleaning and use of alcohol-based handrubs, and encouraging family members to follow isolation precautions as appropriate. Environmental services professionals are not only experts in maintaining the environment, but also in serving as patient safety advocates who reduce the incidence of HAIs. Surface disinfection is an important factor in the prevention of HAIs. Many surfaces in health care settings are considered noncritical and therefore require cleaning with a low-level disinfectant. Also, a collaborative partnership with the facility''s health care engineering team is critically important in executing infection prevention/vascular access and environmental services projects. doi = 10.1016/j.java.2015.10.002 id = cord-308857-otsrexqu author = Goel, Saurav title = Resilient and Agile Engineering Solutions to Address Societal Challenges such as Coronavirus Pandemic date = 2020-05-28 keywords = COVID-19; CoV-2; SARS; coronavirus; figure; human; mask; surface; virus summary = doi = 10.1016/j.mtchem.2020.100300 id = cord-000501-qz68gtd4 author = Greatorex, Jane S. title = Survival of Influenza A(H1N1) on Materials Found in Households: Implications for Infection Control date = 2011-11-22 keywords = PR8; surface; virus summary = METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Influenza A/PuertoRico/8/34 (PR8) or A/Cambridge/AHO4/2009 (pandemic H1N1) viruses were inoculated onto a wide range of surfaces used in home and work environments, then sampled at set times following incubation at stabilised temperature and humidity. The potential for transmission of influenza by indirect contact (i.e. via fomites) is linked to the ability of virus to survive in transmissible titres on commonly touched surfaces; however few data exist on this subject. We evaluate the survival of influenza A (H1N1) viruses deliberately applied to a range of commonly touched household and workplace surfaces, using RT-PCR for genome detection and culture methods to determine viability. Our data are consistent with recent findings from a study of environmental deposition of pandemic H1N1 virus in the homes of infected patients, involving our laboratory, when almost 10% of tested surfaces yielded viable virus [15] . doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0027932 id = cord-277665-ac8txr3h author = Grichko, Varvara P. title = 15 Nanodiamond Designing the Bio-Platform date = 2006-12-31 keywords = application; diamond; dna; surface summary = doi = 10.1016/b978-081551524-1.50017-2 id = cord-335372-tncjfdtp author = HACKNEY, RAYMOND W. title = USING A BIOLOGICAL INDICATOR TO DETECT POTENTIAL SOURCES OF CROSS-CONTAMINATION IN THE DENTAL OPERATORY date = 1998-11-30 keywords = AHS; dental; sample; surface summary = 40 This characteristic makes these microorganisms easy to distinguish from other bacteria found in dust and on skin that might also contaminate clinical surfaces, suggesting the usefulness of α-hemolytic streptococci, or AHS, as standard indicators for detecting oral contamination and for evaluating operatory asepsis. In this study, we assessed the validity of oral AHS as an indicator of oral contamination in the following manner: dassessing the consistency and abundance of AHS in mouths of a sample of patients; ddetermining the distribution of AHS in nondental environments, both clinical and nonclinical; devaluating environmental survival of AHS on operatory materials; dusing AHS as an indicator of contamination after cleaning and disinfection in private dental offices. doi = 10.14219/jada.archive.1998.0103 id = cord-332719-tjrz4ulk author = Harris, Debra title = Indoor Finish Material Influence on Contamination, Transmission, and Eradication of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) date = 2020-08-31 keywords = MRSA; material; surface summary = doi = 10.1177/1937586720952892 id = cord-282303-idh7io9v author = Hassan, Md. Zakiul title = Contamination of hospital surfaces with respiratory pathogens in Bangladesh date = 2019-10-28 keywords = Bangladesh; respiratory; surface summary = With limited infection control practices in overcrowded Bangladeshi hospitals, surfaces may play an important role in the transmission of respiratory pathogens in hospital wards and pose a serious risk of infection for patients, health care workers, caregivers and visitors. With limited infection control practices in overcrowded Bangladeshi hospitals, surfaces may play an important role in the transmission of respiratory pathogens in hospital wards and pose a serious risk of infection for patients, health care workers, caregivers and visitors. Respiratory viral and bacterial pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, rhinoviruses and novel coronavirus strains, can survive on hospital surfaces for days, weeks or even months. This study identified that hospital surfaces in these Bangladeshi hospitals, were frequently contaminated with respiratory pathogens and pose a potential threat for fomite-borne transmission of respiratory infections to patients, healthcare workers and family caregivers. doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0224065 id = cord-297024-90qq0xsw author = Kramer, Axel title = How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review date = 2006-08-16 keywords = Acinetobacter; nosocomial; surface summary = doi = 10.1186/1471-2334-6-130 id = cord-015677-67md3xox author = Lang, Hans Peter title = Nanomechanical Cantilever Array Sensors date = 2010 keywords = Fig; cantilever; detection; dna; microcantilever; sensor; surface summary = In addition to application of such sensors for gas and chemical-vapor sensing, for example as an artificial nose, they have also been employed to measure physical properties of tiny amounts of materials in miniaturized versions of conventional standard techniques such as calorimetry, thermogravimetry, weighing, photothermal spectroscopy, as well as for monitoring chemical reactions such as catalysis on small surfaces. In addition to application of such sensors for gas and chemicalvapor sensing, for example as an artificial nose, they have also been employed to measure physical properties of tiny amounts of materials in miniaturized versions of conventional standard techniques such as calorimetry, thermogravimetry, weighing, photothermal spectroscopy, as well as for monitoring chemical reactions such as catalysis on small surfaces. Besides chemical and biochemical sensing, microcantilevers can also detect changes in physical properties of surrounding media, such as gas or liquid, or of layers deposited on the cantilever itself. doi = 10.1007/978-3-642-02525-9_15 id = cord-273937-cu3cylyi author = Leung, W.K. title = Bactericidal and sporicidal performance of a polymer‐encapsulated chlorine dioxide‐coated surface date = 2009-02-16 keywords = ClO; Fig; coating; surface summary = doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04122.x id = cord-266641-nvyddekm author = Li, Dingsheng title = Evaluating consumer exposure to disinfecting chemicals against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and associated health risks date = 2020-09-03 keywords = PROTEX; U.S.; chemical; exposure; figure; surface summary = doi = 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106108 id = cord-022538-1g9kmpdi author = Makino, Hisao title = ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFETY ISSUES WITH NANOPARTICLES date = 2008-05-20 keywords = BSA; Fig; concentration; membrane; nanoparticle; particle; size; surface summary = doi = 10.1016/b978-044453122-3.50010-6 id = cord-311349-145kwny3 author = Mariani, Stefano title = Surface plasmon resonance applications in clinical analysis date = 2014-02-25 keywords = Biacore; ELISA; SPR; detection; dna; plasmon; resonance; surface summary = In the last 20 years, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and its advancement with imaging (SPRi) emerged as a suitable and reliable platform in clinical analysis for label-free, sensitive, and real-time monitoring of biomolecular interactions. The advantages brought about by current SPR technology include real-time monitoring of the analyte/molecular markers, label free and parallel analysis (with SPRi), minimal sample pretreatment, quantitative response, and very good sensitivity and reproducibility, (reported detection limits are in atto-or femtomolar ranges and coefficient of variations below 10 %). Preventing nonspecific adsorption of biomolecules (e.g., protein) on the SPR sensing surface is another key-step for the development of specific biosensor, with real application to clinical diagnostics where complex matrices (such as serum, blood, and urine) are analyzed. doi = 10.1007/s00216-014-7647-5 id = cord-027461-oj3jjjm2 author = Miroshnichenko, Igor title = Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer in an Enclosure with Time-Periodic Heat Generation Using Finite-Difference Method date = 2020-05-25 keywords = enclosure; heat; surface summary = title: Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer in an Enclosure with Time-Periodic Heat Generation Using Finite-Difference Method This paper reports a numerical investigation of highly coupled system of partial differential equations, simulating the fluid flow and heat transfer in a large-scale enclosure with time-periodic heat generation. The effect of surface emissivity and periodic heat generation on Nusselt numbers and both stream function and temperature distributions has been investigated. Analysis of other heat transfer modes (radiation and conduction inside the heater and solid walls) noticeably affects natural convection and essentially complicates the mathematical model. Numerical simulation of convective-radiative heat transfer in a large-scale enclosure with heat-conducting walls of finite thickness in the presence of local energy source with timeperiodic heat generation has been carried out. Effect of thermal conductivity and emissivity of solid walls on time-dependent turbulent Conjugate convective-radiative heat transfer Numerical simulation of turbulent natural convection combined with surface thermal radiation in a square cavity doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-50436-6_11 id = cord-003018-qrt07zmz author = Miyakawa, Kei title = Development of a cell-based assay to identify hepatitis B virus entry inhibitors targeting the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide date = 2018-05-04 keywords = HBV; NTCP; cell; figure; surface summary = Using a www.oncotarget.com flow cytometer-based screening assay with Dox-treated and untreated iNTCP cells, we identified a hybridoma clone producing anti-NTCP mAb, clone 9A8 ( Figure 2B ). To test whether the 9A8 antibody can inhibit HBV infection, we pretreated iNTCP cells and primary human hepatocytes with 9A8 mAb and subsequently infected cells with wild type HBV and HBV encoding a luciferase reporter gene (HBV-NL) [21] . iNTCP cells (G) and primary human hepatocytes (H) were infected with HBV or its reporter virus (HBV-NL) respectively, in the presence of 9A8 mAb. Anti-HBs mAb (clone 33A4, which recognizes the PreS1 domain) was used as a control. In this study, we generated iNTCP cells, which have high NTCP expression and high susceptibility to HBV infection, and also developed a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that recognizes cell-surface NTCP. Although primary hepatocytes express NTCP at low levels for the uptake of bile acids, endogenous NTCP in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines is not sufficient to achieve successful infection with HBV in vitro. doi = 10.18632/oncotarget.25348 id = cord-348629-fnn9wshy author = Moccia, Giuseppina title = An alternative approach for the decontamination of hospital settings date = 2020-10-21 keywords = cleaning; disinfectant; hospital; surface summary = doi = 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.09.020 id = cord-017348-mmmm3pmv author = Mujahid, Adnan title = Surface Nano-patterning of Polymers for Mass-Sensitive Biodetection date = 2010-10-19 keywords = QCM; detection; imprinting; layer; sensitive; surface summary = doi = 10.1007/978-1-4419-6169-3_3 id = cord-034833-ynti5g8j author = Nosonovsky, Michael title = Scaling in Colloidal and Biological Networks date = 2020-06-04 keywords = ANN; Shannon; figure; layer; network; surface summary = doi = 10.3390/e22060622 id = cord-018159-ycg6waay author = Peng, Xiaolei title = Plasmofluidics for Biosensing and Medical Diagnostics date = 2018-01-23 keywords = Fig; LSPR; Raman; SERS; detection; dna; surface summary = With their capability of controlling light at the nanoscale beyond the diffraction limit, surface plasmons such as surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) [8] are effective at optically manipulating, sensing, and analyzing biological cells and molecules [9] [10] [11] . Using simple optics to create the trapping force, plasmonic tweezers can be readily incorporated into microfluidic systems to design novel plasmofluidic chips with functionalities such as single-particle trapping [57, 62] , parallel trapping [58] , co-trapping [63] , and kinetic detection of biological objects [61, 64] . Plasmonic nanotechnologies such as plasmonic arrays [87, 88, [101] [102] [103] and SPRI [104, 105] and innovative microfluidic techniques such as integrated concentration gradient generator [104] and multi-well fluidic measurement [106] have been intensely pursued to detect and quantify cancer biomarkers with enhanced sensitivity, robustness, integrity, high throughput, and multiplexity. achieved label-free imaging, detection, and mass/size measurement of single viral particles with high-resolution surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy [121] . doi = 10.1007/978-3-662-56333-5_5 id = cord-274101-vm9nh8lc author = Perez Espitia, Paula Judith title = Bioactive Peptides: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications in the Packaging and Preservation of Food date = 2012-02-29 keywords = activity; antimicrobial; cell; film; membrane; packaging; peptide; surface summary = doi = 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2011.00179.x id = cord-355181-affuyn8z author = Poggio, Claudio title = Copper-Alloy Surfaces and Cleaning Regimens against the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Dentistry and Orthopedics. From Fomites to Anti-Infective Nanocoatings date = 2020-07-22 keywords = COVID-19; SARS; copper; surface; virus summary = doi = 10.3390/ma13153244 id = cord-280184-91d8i6ix author = Querido, Micaela Machado title = Self-disinfecting surfaces and infection control date = 2019-06-01 keywords = Staphylococcus; antimicrobial; bacteria; contamination; hospital; infection; microorganism; surface summary = doi = 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.02.009 id = cord-019027-6chba2ru author = Schmidt, Michael G. title = Role of the Microbial Burden in the Acquisition and Control of Healthcare Associated Infections: The Utility of Solid Copper Surfaces date = 2014-07-12 keywords = HAI; MRSA; copper; patient; surface summary = The complexity and dynamic nature of the microbial pressure being introduced into the built clinical environment is dependent on stochastic nature inherent to healthcare The purpose of this chapter is to review the role of the environment of care as it pertains to microbial contamination and risk of HAI to patients as well as describe the novel use and efficacy of antimicrobial copper surfaces in mitigating this risk. However, the higher risk associated with a positive environmental culture serves to reinforce the importance that the microbial burden of the built clinical environment represents to the set of circumstances required for colonization and infection of patients while hospitalized. The study of pathogen transmission in the hospital and the impact of colonization and infection with nosocomial organisms have established the epidemiologic importance of the environmental microbial burden associated with the built clinical environment. doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-08057-4_4 id = cord-349721-wdjlr4z4 author = Szpiro, L. title = Role of interfering substances in the survival of coronaviruses on surfaces and their impact on the efficiency of hand and surface disinfection date = 2020-08-25 keywords = SARS; surface summary = doi = 10.1101/2020.08.22.20180042 id = cord-352796-6einbent author = Theodore Coroneo, Minas title = The eye as the discrete but defensible portal of coronavirus infection date = 2020-05-21 keywords = ACE2; SARS; eye; ocular; surface summary = doi = 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.05.011 id = cord-322143-hkh1grys author = Turnage, Nicole L. title = Sampling methods for recovery of human enteric viruses from environmental surfaces date = 2017-06-17 keywords = gii.4; surface summary = For instance, understanding the persistence of human enteric viruses on inanimate fomite surfaces in relation to various environmental conditions could provide insight on ways to limit and prevent virus transmission and subsequent outbreaks. Overall, the higher the inoculum level for all enteric viruses, the higher the mean recovery rate regardless of the variability among methods, PA = plaque assay; PBS = phosphate buffered saline; PBST = PBS + 0.02% Tween 80; PCRU = polymerase chain reaction units; PE = polyethylene; PF = porous formic; PFU = plaque forming units; RH = relative humidity; RB = rubberized surface; RT-qPCR = reverse transcription quantitative PCR; RT = room temperature; SS = stainless steel. Additionally, some studies found other tools and methods such as biowipes and cell scraper-aspiration methods to be potentially more efficient for enteric virus recovery from surfaces in comparison to cotton and/or polyester swabs. doi = 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.06.008 id = cord-350236-7fit8q1s author = Wan, Bin title = On-site analysis of COVID-19 on the surfaces in wards date = 2020-08-18 keywords = COVID-19; surface summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141758 id = cord-354137-6oe8nj1j author = Wang, Hua title = Aspects of recent development of immunosensors date = 2008-05-20 keywords = antibody; antigen; base; detection; immobilization; immunosensor; surface summary = doi = 10.1016/b978-012373738-0.50011-8 id = cord-004584-bcw90f5b author = nan title = Abstracts: 8th EBSA European Biophysics Congress, August 23rd–27th 2011, Budapest, Hungary date = 2011-08-06 keywords = AFM; ATP; Biophysics; Department; FCS; Germany; Institute; RNA; University; cell; change; channel; complex; different; dna; dynamic; effect; fluorescence; fret; high; interaction; lipid; mechanism; membrane; model; molecular; molecule; process; protein; result; structure; study; surface; system summary = Our goals are two-fold: (1) to monitor conformational changes in each domain upon its binding to specific ligands and then to correlate the observed changes with structural differences between the CRDs and (2) to investigate the interaction between the CRDs and lipid model membranes. Cholesterol-assisted lipid and protein interactions such as the integration into lipid nanodomains are considered to play a functional part in a whole range of membrane-associated processes, but their direct and non-invasive observation in living cells is impeded by the resolution limit of [200nm of a conventional far-field optical microscope. Therefore, to investigate the dynamic and complex membrane lateral organization in living cells, we have developed an original approach based on molecule diffusion measurements performed by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy at different spatial scales (spot variable FCS, svFCS) (1). doi = 10.1007/s00249-011-0734-z id = cord-022504-tk7v4hoj author = nan title = Environmental and safety issues with nanoparticles date = 2012-03-16 keywords = BSA; Fig; concentration; membrane; nanoparticle; particle; size; surface summary = doi = 10.1016/b978-0-444-56336-1.50007-2 id = cord-023442-4vzwc2d2 author = nan title = Proceedings of SCANNING 94/SEEMS 94 Charleston, South Carolina, USA date = 2006-12-05 keywords = Carlo; EPMA; Fig; Monte; Mott; SEM; Scanning; Supplement; TEM; USA; Vol; beam; cell; electron; figure; high; image; microscopy; result; sample; section; specimen; structure; study; surface summary = IV-4 Scanning Vol. 16, Supplement IV (1994) Simulation of image formation and detection systems in the SEM is a vital link in performing image analysis to obtain precise measurements, to provide the necessary connection between image parameters and structural dimensions, and to reflect important microscope beam and detector parameters. By knowing the transfer function, noise, and distortion figure in digital form, it is relatively easy to obtain more accurate comparison of the measured and calculated signal (Fig. 1 The calculation of image contrast in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) can be done using Monte Carlo techniques if the electron trajectories can be calculated through the composition profiles in the specimen. Specimens providing IV-18 Scanning Vol. 16, Supplement IV (1994) FIG highly redundant structures and relatively smooth fractures, such as cell suspensions or o/w emulsions, were investigated using freeze fracture/replication and ambient temperature transmission electron microscopy (AT-TEM). doi = 10.1002/sca.4950160315