id sid tid token lemma pos cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 1 key key JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 2 : : : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 3 cord-029674-qcu7vm05 cord-029674-qcu7vm05 NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 4 authors author NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 5 : : : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 6 Ioannidou Ioannidou NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 7 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 8 Alexandra Alexandra NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 9 ; ; : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 10 Desjardins Desjardins NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 11 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 12 Richard Richard NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 13 title title NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 14 : : : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 15 The the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 16 political political JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 17 economy economy NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 18 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 19 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 20 learning learning NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 21 systems system NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 22 date date NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 23 : : : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 24 2020 2020 CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 25 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 26 07 07 CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 27 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 28 24 24 CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 29 journal journal NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 30 : : : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 31 ZfW ZfW NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 32 DOI DOI NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 1 33 : : : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 2 1 10.1007 10.1007 CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 2 2 / / SYM cord-029674-qcu7vm05 2 3 s40955 s40955 CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 2 4 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 2 5 020 020 CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 2 6 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 2 7 00166-z 00166-z CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 3 1 sha sha NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 3 2 : : : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 4 1 fd7e56223a62f6302eef106fde339904d6fb743b fd7e56223a62f6302eef106fde339904d6fb743b NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 4 2 doc_id doc_id NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 4 3 : : : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 4 4 29674 29674 CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 4 5 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 4 6 : : : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 4 7 qcu7vm05 qcu7vm05 ADD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 5 1 nan nan NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 5 2 spheres sphere NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 5 3 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 5 4 political political JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 5 5 economies economy NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 5 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 5 7 pp pp FW cord-029674-qcu7vm05 5 8 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 6 1 25 25 CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 6 2 - - SYM cord-029674-qcu7vm05 6 3 26 26 CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 6 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 6 5 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 1 The the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 2 exploration exploration NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 3 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 4 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 5 linkages linkage NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 6 between between IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 7 skills skill NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 8 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 9 nation nation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 10 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 11 specific specific JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 12 institutions institution NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 13 such such JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 14 as as IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 15 labour labour NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 16 market market NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 17 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 18 industrial industrial JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 19 relations relation NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 20 as as RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 21 well well RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 22 as as IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 23 welfare welfare NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 24 state state NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 25 formed form VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 26 consequently consequently RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 27 one one CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 28 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 29 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 30 most most RBS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 31 interesting interesting JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 32 research research NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 33 strands strand NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 34 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 35 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 36 comparative comparative JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 37 study study NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 38 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 39 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 40 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 41 training training NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 42 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 43 contemporary contemporary JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 44 period period NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 45 : : : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 46 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 47 political political JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 48 economy economy NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 49 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 50 skill skill NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 51 formations formation NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 52 regimes regime NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 7 53 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 1 The the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 2 political political JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 3 economy economy NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 4 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 5 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 6 learning learning NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 7 systems system NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 8 has have VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 9 been be VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 10 developed develop VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 11 as as IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 12 an an DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 13 offshoot offshoot NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 14 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 15 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 16 debates debate NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 17 on on IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 18 comparative comparative JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 19 welfare welfare NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 20 state state NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 21 research research NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 22 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 23 considers consider VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 24 contributions contribution NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 25 from from IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 26 different different JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 27 disciplinary disciplinary JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 28 perspectives perspective NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 30 political political JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 31 science science NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 32 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 33 sociology sociology NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 34 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 35 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 36 economics economic NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 38 to to IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 39 understanding understand VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 40 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 41 causes cause NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 42 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 43 consequences consequence NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 44 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 45 cross cross JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 46 - - JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 47 national national JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 48 diversity diversity NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 49 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 50 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 51 learning learning NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 52 systems system NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 53 across across IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 54 developed develop VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 55 democracies democracy NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 8 56 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 1 The the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 2 core core NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 3 argument argument NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 4 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 5 this this DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 6 research research NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 7 strand strand NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 8 is be VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 9 that that IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 10 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 11 learning learning NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 12 systems system NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 13 are be VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 14 embedded embed VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 15 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 16 specific specific JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 17 economic economic JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 18 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 19 social social JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 20 arrangements arrangement NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 21 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 22 " " `` cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 23 they -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 24 lie lie VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 25 at at IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 26 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 27 intersection intersection NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 28 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 29 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 30 variety variety NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 31 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 32 other other JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 33 systems system NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 34 including include VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 35 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 36 nation nation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 37 's 's POS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 38 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 39 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 40 training training NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 41 system system NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 42 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 43 labour labour NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 44 market market NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 45 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 46 employment employment NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 47 system system NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 48 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 49 other other JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 50 welfare welfare NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 51 state state NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 52 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 53 social social JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 54 policy policy NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 55 measures measure NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 56 " " '' cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 57 ( ( -LRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 58 Desjardins Desjardins NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 59 2017 2017 CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 60 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 61 p. p. NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 62 232 232 CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 63 ) ) -RRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 9 64 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 1 Investigating investigate VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 2 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 3 role role NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 4 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 5 " " `` cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 6 institutional institutional JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 7 complementarities complementarity NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 8 " " '' cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 9 or or CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 10 " " `` cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 11 institutional institutional JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 12 packages package NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 13 " " '' cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 14 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 15 shaping shape VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 16 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 17 learning learn VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 18 systems system NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 19 contributes contribute VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 20 to to IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 21 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 22 large large JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 23 body body NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 24 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 25 literature literature NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 26 triggered trigger VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 27 by by IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 28 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 29 VoC voc NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 30 approach approach NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 31 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 32 comparative comparative JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 33 political political JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 34 economy economy NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 35 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 36 skill skill NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 37 formation formation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 38 regimes regime NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 40 Mayer Mayer NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 41 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 42 Solga Solga NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 43 2008 2008 CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 10 44 ; ; : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 11 1 Busemeyer Busemeyer NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 11 2 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 11 3 Trampusch Trampusch NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 11 4 2012 2012 CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 11 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 11 6 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 1 Yet yet RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 2 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 3 analyses analysis NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 4 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 5 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 6 impact impact NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 7 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 8 institutional institutional JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 9 settings setting NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 10 on on IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 11 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 12 learning learn VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 13 systems system NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 14 build build VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 15 at at IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 16 present present JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 17 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 18 relatively relatively RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 19 small small JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 20 research research NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 21 strand strand NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 22 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 23 which which WDT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 24 mainly mainly RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 25 focuses focus VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 26 at at IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 27 explaining explain VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 28 differences difference NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 29 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 30 participation participation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 31 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 32 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 33 learning learning NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 35 cf cf NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 12 36 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 13 1 Blossfeld Blossfeld NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 13 2 et et NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 13 3 al al NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 13 4 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 14 1 2014 2014 CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 14 2 ; ; : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 14 3 Roosma Roosma NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 14 4 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 14 5 Saar Saar NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 14 6 2016 2016 CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 14 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 14 8 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 1 Very very RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 2 little little JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 3 scholarship scholarship NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 4 deals deal NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 5 with with IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 6 exploring explore VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 7 variation variation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 8 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 9 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 10 learning learn VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 11 systems system NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 12 on on IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 13 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 14 grounds ground NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 15 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 16 existing exist VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 17 institutional institutional JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 18 complementarities complementarity NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 19 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 20 how how WRB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 21 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 22 latter latter JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 23 affect affect VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 24 patterns pattern NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 25 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 26 coordination coordination NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 27 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 28 outcomes outcome NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 29 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 30 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 31 learning learning NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 32 systems system NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 34 Desjardins Desjardins NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 35 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 36 Rubenson Rubenson NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 37 2013 2013 CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 38 ; ; : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 39 Desjardins Desjardins NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 40 2017 2017 CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 15 42 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 1 This this DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 2 issue issue NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 3 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 4 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 5 Zeitschrift Zeitschrift NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 6 für für IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 7 Weiterbildungsforschung Weiterbildungsforschung NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 8 focusing focus VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 9 on on IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 10 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 11 political political JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 12 economy economy NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 13 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 14 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 15 learning learning NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 16 systems system NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 17 aims aim VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 18 at at IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 19 furthering further VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 20 this this DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 21 debate debate NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 22 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 23 addressing address VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 24 questions question NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 25 dealing deal VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 26 with with IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 27 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 28 role role NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 29 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 30 diverse diverse JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 31 institutions institution NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 32 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 33 framing framing NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 34 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 35 learning learning NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 36 systems system NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 16 37 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 1 This this DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 2 includes include VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 3 questions question NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 4 on on IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 5 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 6 impact impact NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 7 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 8 institutional institutional JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 9 structures structure NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 10 on on IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 11 participation participation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 12 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 13 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 14 governance governance NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 15 modes mode NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 16 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 17 policy policy NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 18 interventions intervention NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 19 on on IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 20 outcomes outcome NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 21 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 22 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 23 learning learning NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 24 systems system NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 25 or or CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 26 issues issue NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 27 related relate VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 28 to to IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 29 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 30 political political JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 31 economy economy NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 32 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 33 educational educational JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 34 research research NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 17 35 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 18 1 The the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 18 2 topic topic NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 18 3 met meet VBD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 18 4 high high JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 18 5 interest interest NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 18 6 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 18 7 attracted attract VBD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 18 8 sound sound JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 18 9 scholarly scholarly JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 18 10 work work NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 18 11 from from IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 18 12 all all RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 18 13 over over IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 18 14 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 18 15 world world NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 18 16 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 1 Richard Richard NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 2 Desjardins Desjardins NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 3 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 4 Alexandra Alexandra NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 5 Ioannidou Ioannidou NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 6 introduce introduce VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 7 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 9 FOKUS FOKUS NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 10 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 11 article article NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 12 " " `` cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 13 The the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 14 political political JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 15 economy economy NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 16 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 17 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 18 learning learning NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 19 systems system NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 20 : : : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 21 some some DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 22 institutional institutional JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 23 features feature NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 24 that that WDT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 25 promote promote VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 26 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 27 learning learn VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 28 participation participation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 29 " " '' cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 30 into into IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 31 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 32 interdisciplinary interdisciplinary JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 33 research research NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 34 strand strand NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 35 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 36 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 37 political political JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 38 economy economy NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 39 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 40 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 41 learning learning NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 42 systems system NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 19 43 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 2 review review VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 3 recent recent JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 4 multi multi JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 5 - - JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 6 disciplinary disciplinary JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 7 work work NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 8 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 9 different different JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 10 typologies typology NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 11 that that WDT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 12 have have VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 13 emerged emerge VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 14 out out IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 15 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 16 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 17 field field NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 18 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 19 comparative comparative JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 20 economics economic NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 21 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 22 comparative comparative JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 23 politics politic NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 24 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 25 show show VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 26 how how WRB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 27 this this DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 28 work work NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 29 has have VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 30 influenced influence VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 31 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 32 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 33 research research NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 20 34 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 1 Drawing draw VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 2 on on IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 3 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 4 analysis analysis NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 5 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 6 PIAAC PIAAC NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 7 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 8 IALS IALS NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 9 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 10 other other JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 11 OECD OECD NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 12 data datum NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 13 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 14 they -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 15 provide provide VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 16 empirical empirical JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 17 evidence evidence NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 18 on on IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 19 cross cross JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 20 - - JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 21 national national JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 22 patterns pattern NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 23 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 24 organized organize VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 25 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 26 learning learning NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 21 27 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 22 1 This this DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 22 2 evidence evidence NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 22 3 reveals reveal VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 22 4 shortcomings shortcoming NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 22 5 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 22 6 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 22 7 explanatory explanatory JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 22 8 framework framework NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 22 9 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 22 10 existing exist VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 22 11 typologies typology NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 22 12 from from IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 22 13 comparative comparative JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 22 14 welfare welfare NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 22 15 state state NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 22 16 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 22 17 comparative comparative JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 22 18 politics politic NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 22 19 research research NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 22 20 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 22 21 despite despite IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 22 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 22 23 virtues virtue NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 22 24 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 1 Desjardins Desjardins NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 2 & & CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 3 Ioannidou Ioannidou NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 4 suggest suggest VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 5 that that IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 6 there there EX cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 7 are be VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 8 some some DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 9 specific specific JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 10 institutional institutional JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 11 features feature NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 12 that that WDT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 13 seem seem VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 14 to to TO cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 15 be be VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 16 more more RBR cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 17 proximally proximally RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 18 related relate VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 19 to to IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 20 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 21 learning learning NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 22 systems system NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 23 K k XX cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 24 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 25 appear appear VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 26 to to TO cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 27 play play VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 28 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 29 leading leading JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 30 role role NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 31 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 32 explaining explain VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 33 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 34 cross cross JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 35 - - JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 36 national national JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 37 patterns pattern NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 38 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 39 variation variation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 40 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 41 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 42 take take NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 43 up up RP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 44 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 45 provision provision NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 46 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 47 distribution distribution NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 48 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 49 organised organise VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 50 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 51 learning learning NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 23 52 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 1 Among among IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 2 them -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 3 : : : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 4 open open JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 5 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 6 flexible flexible JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 7 formal formal JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 8 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 9 structures structure NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 10 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 11 public public JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 12 support support NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 13 for for IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 14 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 15 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 16 active active JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 17 labour labour NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 18 market market NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 19 policies policy NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 20 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 21 programmes programme NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 22 that that WDT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 23 target target VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 24 socially socially RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 25 disadvantaged disadvantaged JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 26 adults adult NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 24 27 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 25 1 Explaining explain VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 25 2 variation variation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 25 3 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 25 4 participation participation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 25 5 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 25 6 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 25 7 learning learn VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 25 8 across across IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 25 9 countries country NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 25 10 as as RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 25 11 well well RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 25 12 as as IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 25 13 within within IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 25 14 countries country NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 25 15 is be VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 25 16 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 25 17 challenge challenge NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 25 18 for for IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 25 19 researchers researcher NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 25 20 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 26 1 Improvements improvement NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 26 2 with with IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 26 3 regard regard NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 26 4 to to IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 26 5 availability availability NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 26 6 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 26 7 accessibility accessibility NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 26 8 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 26 9 international international JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 26 10 comparable comparable JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 26 11 data datum NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 26 12 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 26 13 advancements advancement NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 26 14 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 26 15 empirical empirical JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 26 16 methods method NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 26 17 enable enable VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 26 18 new new JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 26 19 insights insight NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 26 20 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 26 21 this this DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 26 22 respect respect NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 26 23 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 1 The the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 2 next next JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 3 two two CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 4 contributions contribution NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 5 by by IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 6 Miroslav Miroslav NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 7 Stefanik Stefanik NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 8 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 9 Veronika Veronika NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 10 Philipps Philipps NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 11 deal deal VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 12 with with IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 13 explaining explain VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 14 cross cross JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 15 national national JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 16 participation participation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 17 patterns pattern NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 18 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 19 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 20 learning learning NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 21 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 22 Europe Europe NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 23 focusing focus VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 24 specifically specifically RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 25 on on IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 26 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 27 participation participation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 28 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 29 disadvantaged disadvantaged JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 30 groups group NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 27 31 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 1 Miroslav Miroslav NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 2 Stefanik Stefanik NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 3 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 4 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 5 contribution contribution NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 6 " " `` cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 7 Multi multi JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 8 - - JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 9 layered layered JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 10 Perspective Perspective NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 11 on on IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 12 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 13 Barriers barrier NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 14 to to IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 15 Learning Learning NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 16 Participation participation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 17 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 18 Disadvantaged Disadvantaged NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 19 Adults Adults NNPS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 20 " " '' cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 21 takes take VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 22 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 23 closer close JJR cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 24 look look NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 25 at at IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 26 disadvantaged disadvantaged JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 27 adults adult NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 28 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 29 proposes propose VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 30 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 31 multilevel multilevel JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 32 explanatory explanatory JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 33 model model NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 34 that that WDT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 35 aims aim VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 36 to to TO cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 37 explain explain VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 38 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 39 variability variability NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 40 behind behind IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 41 participation participation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 42 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 43 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 44 learning learning NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 28 45 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 1 Departing depart VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 2 from from IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 3 available available JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 4 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 5 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 6 empirical empirical JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 7 research research NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 8 on on IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 9 constraints constraint NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 10 with with IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 11 regard regard NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 12 to to IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 13 participation participation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 14 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 15 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 16 learning learning NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 17 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 18 he -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 19 explores explore VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 20 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 21 barriers barrier NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 22 to to IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 23 participation participation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 24 among among IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 25 disadvantaged disadvantaged JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 26 adults adult NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 27 across across IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 28 Europe Europe NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 29 29 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 2 focuses focus VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 3 on on RP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 4 employed employ VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 5 adults adult NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 6 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 7 specifically specifically RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 8 on on IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 9 three three CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 10 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 11 sub sub NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 12 - - NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 13 groups group NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 14 : : : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 15 low low JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 16 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 17 skilled skilled JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 18 ; ; : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 19 young young JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 20 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 21 low low JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 22 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 23 skilled skilled JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 24 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 25 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 26 immigrants immigrant NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 30 27 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 2 uses use VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 3 microdata microdata NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 4 from from IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 5 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 6 European European NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 7 Union Union NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 8 Labour Labour NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 9 Force Force NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 10 Survey Survey NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 12 EU EU NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 13 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 14 LFS LFS NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 16 for for IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 17 28 28 CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 18 European european JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 19 countries country NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 20 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 21 considers consider VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 22 also also RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 23 regional regional JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 24 variability variability NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 25 by by IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 26 applying apply VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 27 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 28 multilevel multilevel JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 29 modelling modelling NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 30 technique technique NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 31 31 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 1 His -PRON- PRP$ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 2 model model NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 3 groups group VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 4 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 5 explanatory explanatory JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 6 variables variable NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 7 into into IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 8 individual individual JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 9 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 10 level level NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 11 determinants determinant NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 12 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 13 household household NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 14 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 15 level level NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 16 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 17 jobrelated jobrelated NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 18 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 19 employer employer NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 20 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 21 level level NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 22 related relate VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 23 as as RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 24 well well RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 25 as as IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 26 system system NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 27 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 28 level level NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 29 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 32 30 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 33 1 Comparing compare VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 33 2 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 33 3 results result NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 33 4 across across IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 33 5 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 33 6 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 33 7 groups group NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 33 8 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 33 9 types type NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 33 10 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 33 11 determinants determinant NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 33 12 yields yield NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 33 13 interesting interesting JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 33 14 insights insight NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 33 15 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 33 16 understanding understand VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 33 17 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 33 18 variability variability NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 33 19 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 33 20 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 33 21 learning learn VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 33 22 participation participation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 33 23 across across IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 33 24 Europe Europe NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 33 25 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 34 1 Veronika Veronika NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 34 2 Philipps Philipps NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 34 3 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 34 4 her -PRON- PRP$ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 34 5 contribution contribution NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 34 6 " " `` cord-029674-qcu7vm05 34 7 Job job NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 34 8 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 34 9 related relate VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 34 10 further further JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 34 11 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 34 12 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 34 13 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 34 14 elderly elderly JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 34 15 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 34 16 Europe Europe NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 34 17 : : : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 35 1 Do do VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 35 2 institutions institution NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 35 3 matter matter VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 35 4 ? ? . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 36 1 " " `` cord-029674-qcu7vm05 36 2 investigates investigate VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 36 3 country country NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 36 4 differences difference NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 36 5 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 36 6 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 36 7 participation participation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 36 8 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 36 9 further further JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 36 10 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 36 11 for for IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 36 12 older old JJR cord-029674-qcu7vm05 36 13 people people NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 36 14 from from IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 36 15 an an DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 36 16 institutional institutional JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 36 17 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 36 18 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 36 19 perspective perspective NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 36 20 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 37 1 Departing depart VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 37 2 from from IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 37 3 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 37 4 empirical empirical JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 37 5 evidence evidence NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 37 6 that that IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 37 7 people people NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 37 8 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 37 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 37 10 late late JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 37 11 employment employment NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 37 12 age age NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 37 13 are be VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 37 14 rarely rarely RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 37 15 involved involve VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 37 16 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 37 17 job job NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 37 18 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 37 19 related relate VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 37 20 further further JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 37 21 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 37 22 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 37 23 Europe Europe NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 38 1 she -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 38 2 poses pose VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 38 3 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 38 4 question question NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 38 5 whether whether IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 38 6 institutions institution NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 38 7 matter matter VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 38 8 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 1 In in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 2 line line NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 3 with with IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 4 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 5 literature literature NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 6 she -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 7 argues argue VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 8 that that IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 9 institutions institution NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 10 function function VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 11 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 12 conjunction conjunction NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 13 with with IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 14 one one CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 15 another another DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 16 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 17 that that IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 18 institutional institutional JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 19 configurations configuration NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 20 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 21 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 22 labour labour NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 23 market market NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 24 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 25 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 26 system system NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 27 account account VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 28 for for IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 29 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 30 relative relative JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 31 disadvantages disadvantage NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 32 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 33 older old JJR cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 34 people people NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 35 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 36 participation participation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 37 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 38 further further JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 39 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 39 40 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 1 She -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 2 identifies identify VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 3 four four CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 4 combinations combination NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 5 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 6 factors factor NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 7 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 8 examines examine VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 9 her -PRON- PRP$ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 10 hypotheses hypothesis NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 11 with with IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 12 Qualitative Qualitative NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 13 Comparative Comparative NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 14 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 16 QCA QCA NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 18 drawing draw VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 19 on on IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 20 data datum NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 21 from from IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 22 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 23 European European NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 24 Union Union NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 25 Adult Adult NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 26 Education Education NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 27 Survey Survey NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 29 AES AES NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 31 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 32 26 26 CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 33 countries country NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 40 34 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 1 In in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 2 contrast contrast NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 3 to to IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 4 other other JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 5 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 6 methods method NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 7 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 8 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 9 QCA QCA NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 10 allows allow VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 11 for for IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 12 examining examine VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 13 not not RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 14 only only RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 15 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 16 influence influence NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 17 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 18 isolated isolate VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 19 factors factor NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 20 but but CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 21 also also RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 22 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 23 effect effect NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 24 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 25 combinations combination NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 26 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 27 institutions institution NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 41 28 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 42 1 The the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 42 2 results result NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 42 3 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 42 4 her -PRON- PRP$ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 42 5 analysis analysis NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 42 6 illustrate illustrate VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 42 7 how how WRB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 42 8 important important JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 42 9 institutional institutional JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 42 10 configurations configuration NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 42 11 are be VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 42 12 for for IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 42 13 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 42 14 explanation explanation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 42 15 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 42 16 disparities disparity NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 42 17 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 42 18 further further JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 42 19 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 42 20 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 1 In in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 2 particular particular JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 3 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 4 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 5 existence existence NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 6 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 7 far far RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 8 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 9 reaching reach VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 10 state state NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 11 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 12 well well RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 13 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 14 developed develop VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 15 company company NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 16 structures structure NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 17 concerning concern VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 18 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 19 provision provision NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 20 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 21 continuing continue VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 22 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 23 as as RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 24 well well RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 25 as as IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 26 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 27 dual dual JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 28 vocational vocational JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 29 training training NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 30 system system NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 31 are be VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 32 crucial crucial JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 33 for for IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 34 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 35 appearance appearance NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 36 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 37 relatively relatively RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 38 lower low JJR cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 39 disadvantages disadvantage NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 40 for for IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 41 older old JJR cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 42 people people NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 43 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 44 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 45 given give VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 46 country country NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 43 47 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 1 The the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 2 next next JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 3 two two CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 4 contributions contribution NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 5 deal deal VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 6 with with IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 7 policy policy NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 8 changes change NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 9 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 10 educational educational JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 11 reforms reform NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 12 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 13 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 14 learning learning NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 15 systems system NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 16 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 17 three three CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 18 different different JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 19 countries country NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 20 : : : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 21 Switzerland Switzerland NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 22 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 23 Canada Canada NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 24 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 25 Aotearoa Aotearoa NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 26 New New NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 27 Zealand Zealand NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 44 28 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 1 Michael Michael NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 2 Geiss Geiss NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 3 reconstructs reconstruct VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 4 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 5 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 6 contribution contribution NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 7 " " '' cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 8 In in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 9 Steady Steady NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 10 Search Search NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 11 for for IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 12 Optimization optimization NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 13 : : : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 14 The the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 15 Role role NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 16 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 17 Public Public NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 18 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 19 Private Private NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 20 Actors Actors NNPS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 21 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 22 Switzerland Switzerland NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 23 's 's POS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 24 Political Political NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 25 Economy Economy NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 26 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 27 Adult Adult NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 28 Education Education NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 29 " " '' cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 30 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 31 changes change NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 32 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 33 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 34 political political JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 35 economy economy NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 36 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 37 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 38 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 39 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 40 Switzerland Switzerland NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 41 since since IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 42 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 43 middle middle NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 44 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 45 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 46 20th 20th JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 47 century century NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 45 48 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 2 argues argue VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 3 that that IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 4 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 5 contrary contrary JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 6 to to IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 7 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 8 literature literature NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 9 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 10 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 11 Swiss swiss JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 12 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 13 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 14 system system NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 15 is be VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 16 neither neither CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 17 exclusively exclusively RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 18 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 19 market market NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 20 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 21 led lead VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 22 nor nor CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 23 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 24 stakeholder stakeholder NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 25 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 26 led lead VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 27 regime regime NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 28 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 29 deals deal NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 30 with with IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 31 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 32 contradictory contradictory JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 33 accounts account NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 34 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 35 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 36 Swiss swiss JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 37 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 38 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 39 system system NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 46 40 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 2 shows show VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 3 that that IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 4 alongside alongside RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 5 with with IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 6 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 7 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 8 power power NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 9 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 10 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 11 employers employer NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 12 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 13 industry industry NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 14 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 15 professional professional JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 16 associations association NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 17 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 18 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 19 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 20 liberal liberal JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 21 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 22 minded minded JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 23 national national JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 24 authorities authority NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 25 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 26 Switzerland Switzerland NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 27 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 28 there there EX cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 29 are be VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 30 several several JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 31 other other JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 32 corporate corporate JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 33 actors actor NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 34 that that WDT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 35 played play VBD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 36 an an DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 37 important important JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 38 role role NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 39 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 40 recent recent JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 41 developments development NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 42 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 43 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 44 Swiss swiss JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 45 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 46 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 47 system system NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 47 48 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 1 The the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 2 article article NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 3 underlines underline VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 4 that that IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 5 " " `` cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 6 history history NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 7 matters matter NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 8 " " '' cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 9 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 10 that that IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 11 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 12 current current JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 13 situation situation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 14 can can MD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 15 not not RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 16 be be VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 17 understood understand VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 18 without without IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 19 considering consider VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 20 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 21 several several JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 22 government government NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 23 initiatives initiative NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 24 since since IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 25 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 26 1970s 1970 NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 27 as as RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 28 well well RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 29 as as IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 30 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 31 efforts effort NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 32 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 33 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 34 private private JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 35 national national JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 36 continuing continue VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 37 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 38 association association NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 39 SVEB SVEB NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 48 40 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 49 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 49 2 concludes conclude VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 49 3 with with IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 49 4 reflections reflection NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 49 5 on on IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 49 6 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 49 7 expected expect VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 49 8 impact impact NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 49 9 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 49 10 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 49 11 first first JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 49 12 national national JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 49 13 law law NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 49 14 on on IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 49 15 continuing continue VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 49 16 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 49 17 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 49 18 which which WDT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 49 19 was be VBD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 49 20 enacted enact VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 49 21 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 49 22 2017 2017 CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 49 23 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 50 1 Methodologically methodologically RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 50 2 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 50 3 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 50 4 analysis analysis NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 50 5 is be VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 50 6 based base VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 50 7 on on IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 50 8 historical historical JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 50 9 institutionalism institutionalism NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 50 10 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 50 11 concentrates concentrate VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 50 12 on on IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 50 13 path path NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 50 14 dependencies dependency NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 50 15 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 50 16 critical critical JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 50 17 junctures juncture NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 50 18 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 51 1 Judith Judith NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 51 2 Walker Walker NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 51 3 examines examine VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 51 4 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 51 5 her -PRON- PRP$ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 51 6 contribution contribution NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 51 7 " " '' cord-029674-qcu7vm05 51 8 Comparing compare VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 51 9 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 51 10 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 51 11 ' ' `` cord-029674-qcu7vm05 51 12 systems system NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 51 13 ' ' '' cord-029674-qcu7vm05 51 14 : : : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 1 Canada Canada NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 2 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 3 Aotearoa Aotearoa NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 4 New New NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 5 Zealand Zealand NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 6 " " '' cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 7 recent recent JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 8 policy policy NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 9 initiatives initiative NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 10 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 11 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 12 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 13 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 14 training training NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 15 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 16 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 17 two two CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 18 countries country NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 19 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 20 relation relation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 21 to to IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 22 previous previous JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 23 political political JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 24 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 25 educational educational JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 26 reforms reform NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 27 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 28 taking take VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 29 an an DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 30 explicit explicit JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 31 comparative comparative JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 32 perspective perspective NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 52 33 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 1 Both both DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 2 Canada Canada NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 3 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 4 Aotearoa Aotearoa NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 5 New New NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 6 Zealand Zealand NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 7 are be VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 8 liberal liberal JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 9 market market NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 10 economies economy NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 12 LME LME NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 14 with with IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 15 high high JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 16 standards standard NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 17 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 18 living living NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 19 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 20 high high JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 21 levels level NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 22 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 23 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 24 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 25 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 26 long long JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 27 histories history NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 28 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 29 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 30 evolution evolution NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 31 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 32 non non JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 33 - - JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 34 formal formal JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 35 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 36 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 53 37 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 1 The the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 2 reforms reform NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 3 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 4 both both DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 5 countries country NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 6 share share VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 7 many many JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 8 similarities similarity NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 9 with with IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 10 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 11 emphasis emphasis NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 12 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 13 skill skill NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 14 development development NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 15 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 16 increasing increase VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 17 immigration immigration NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 18 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 19 cultural cultural JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 20 diversity diversity NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 21 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 22 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 23 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 24 need need NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 25 to to TO cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 26 address address VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 27 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 28 legacy legacy NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 29 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 30 colonisation colonisation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 31 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 32 marginalisation marginalisation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 33 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 34 indigenous indigenous JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 35 populations population NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 54 36 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 1 Yet yet RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 2 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 3 Walker Walker NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 4 assigns assign VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 5 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 6 dearth dearth NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 7 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 8 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 9 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 10 infrastructure infrastructure NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 11 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 12 Canada Canada NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 13 as as RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 14 well well RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 15 as as IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 16 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 17 coordination coordination NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 18 across across IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 19 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 20 institutions institution NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 21 due due JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 22 to to IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 23 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 24 fragmented fragmented JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 25 fiscal fiscal JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 26 federalism federalism NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 55 27 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 1 In in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 2 contrast contrast NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 3 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 4 New New NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 5 Zealand Zealand NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 6 's 's POS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 7 centralised centralised JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 8 policy policy NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 9 making making NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 10 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 11 extreme extreme JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 12 neoliberal neoliberal JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 13 reforms reform NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 14 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 15 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 16 1980s 1980 NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 17 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 18 1990s 1990 NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 19 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 20 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 21 reaction reaction NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 22 to to IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 23 them -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 24 during during IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 25 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 26 following follow VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 27 decades decade NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 28 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 29 resulted result VBD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 30 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 31 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 32 creation creation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 33 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 34 structures structure NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 35 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 36 institutions institution NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 37 that that WDT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 38 allowed allow VBD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 39 for for IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 40 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 41 highly highly RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 42 coordinated coordinate VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 43 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 44 regulated regulate VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 45 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 46 professionalised professionalised JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 47 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 48 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 49 centralised centralised JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 50 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 51 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 52 system system NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 56 53 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 1 Walker Walker NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 2 's 's POS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 3 contribution contribution NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 4 is be VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 5 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 6 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 7 tradition tradition NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 8 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 9 comparative comparative JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 10 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 11 research research NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 12 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 13 which which WDT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 14 takes take VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 15 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 16 nation nation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 17 state state NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 18 as as IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 19 unit unit NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 20 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 21 analysis analysis NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 22 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 23 shows show VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 24 how how WRB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 25 two two CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 26 LMEs lme NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 27 prioritise prioritise VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 28 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 29 approach approach VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 30 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 31 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 32 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 33 training training NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 34 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 35 relation relation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 36 to to IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 37 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 38 unique unique JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 39 socio socio JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 40 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 41 cultural cultural JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 42 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 43 historical historical JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 44 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 45 political political JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 46 contexts context NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 57 47 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 58 1 This this DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 58 2 reveals reveal VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 58 3 also also RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 58 4 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 58 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 58 6 reaction reaction NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 58 7 to to IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 58 8 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 58 9 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 58 10 pandemic pandemic NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 58 11 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 59 1 Michael Michael NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 59 2 Schemmann Schemmann NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 59 3 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 59 4 Dörthe Dörthe NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 59 5 Herbrechter Herbrechter NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 59 6 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 59 7 Martina Martina NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 59 8 Engels Engels NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 59 9 choose choose VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 59 10 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 59 11 different different JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 59 12 approach approach NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 59 13 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 59 14 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 59 15 contribution contribution NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 59 16 about about IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 59 17 " " `` cord-029674-qcu7vm05 59 18 Researching research VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 59 19 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 59 20 Political Political NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 59 21 Economy Economy NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 59 22 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 59 23 Adult Adult NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 59 24 Learning Learning NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 59 25 Systems Systems NNPS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 59 26 : : : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 60 1 Theoretical theoretical JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 60 2 Amendments Amendments NNPS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 60 3 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 60 4 Empirical Empirical NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 60 5 Findings Findings NNPS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 60 6 " " '' cord-029674-qcu7vm05 60 7 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 2 focus focus NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 3 lays lay VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 4 with with IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 5 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 6 level level NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 7 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 8 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 9 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 10 organisations organisation NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 11 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 12 which which WDT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 13 is be VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 14 hardly hardly RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 15 taken take VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 16 into into IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 17 account account NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 18 when when WRB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 19 analysing analyse VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 20 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 21 political political JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 22 economy economy NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 23 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 24 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 25 learning learning NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 26 systems system NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 61 27 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 2 introduce introduce VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 3 neo neo JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 4 - - JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 5 institutional institutional JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 6 ideas idea NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 7 to to TO cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 8 specify specify VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 9 aspects aspect NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 10 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 11 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 12 institutional institutional JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 13 environment environment NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 14 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 15 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 16 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 17 organizations organization NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 18 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 19 outline outline VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 20 how how WRB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 21 these these DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 22 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 23 amendments amendment NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 24 complement complement VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 25 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 26 political political JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 27 economy economy NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 28 approach approach NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 29 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 30 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 31 governance governance NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 32 perspective perspective NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 62 33 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 63 1 By by IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 63 2 re re VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 63 3 - - JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 63 4 analysing analyse VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 63 5 interview interview NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 63 6 data datum NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 63 7 from from IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 63 8 public public JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 63 9 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 63 10 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 63 11 organizations organization NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 63 12 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 63 13 Germany Germany NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 63 14 they -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 63 15 aim aim VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 63 16 at at IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 63 17 exploring explore VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 63 18 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 63 19 potential potential NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 63 20 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 63 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 63 22 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 63 23 amendments amendment NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 63 24 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 2 findings finding NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 3 provide provide VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 4 first first JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 5 empirical empirical JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 6 indications indication NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 7 that that IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 8 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 9 institutional institutional JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 10 conditions condition NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 11 that that WDT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 12 shape shape VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 13 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 14 learning learning NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 15 systems system NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 16 can can MD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 17 be be VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 18 further further RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 19 specified specify VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 20 with with IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 21 regard regard NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 22 to to IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 23 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 24 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 25 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 26 organizations organization NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 27 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 28 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 29 institutionally institutionally RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 30 embedded embed VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 31 interdependency interdependency NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 32 relationships relationship NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 33 with with IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 34 other other JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 36 organized organized JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 38 actors actor NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 39 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 40 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 41 environment environment NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 64 42 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 1 Finally finally RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 2 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 3 Shalini Shalini NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 4 Singh Singh NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 5 looks look VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 6 at at IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 7 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 8 political political JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 9 economy economy NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 10 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 11 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 12 educational educational JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 13 research research NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 14 focusing focus VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 15 on on IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 16 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 17 " " `` cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 18 Impact Impact NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 19 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 20 International International NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 21 Large large JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 22 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 23 Scale scale NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 24 Assessments assessment NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 25 on on IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 26 Adult Adult NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 27 Education Education NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 28 Systems Systems NNPS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 29 " " '' cord-029674-qcu7vm05 65 30 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 1 She -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 2 takes take VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 3 as as IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 4 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 5 starting starting NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 6 point point NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 7 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 8 fact fact NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 9 that that IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 10 international international JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 11 largescale largescale JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 12 assessments assessment NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 14 ILSAs ilsa NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 16 have have VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 17 become become VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 18 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 19 predominant predominant JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 20 tool tool NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 21 for for IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 22 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 23 measurement measurement NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 24 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 25 learning learn VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 26 outcomes outcome NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 27 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 28 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 29 sustainability sustainability NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 30 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 31 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 32 systems system NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 33 all all RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 34 over over IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 35 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 36 globe globe NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 37 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 38 often often RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 39 despite despite IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 40 resistance resistance NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 41 from from IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 42 several several JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 43 stakeholders stakeholder NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 66 44 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 1 She -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 2 claims claim VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 3 that that IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 4 especially especially RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 5 after after IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 6 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 7 adoption adoption NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 8 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 9 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 10 Sustainable Sustainable NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 11 Development Development NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 12 Goals Goals NNPS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 14 SDGs SDGs NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 16 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 17 2015 2015 CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 18 ILSAs ILSAs NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 19 influence influence NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 20 state state NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 21 policies policy NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 22 directly directly RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 23 or or CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 24 indirectly indirectly RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 25 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 26 irrespectively irrespectively RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 27 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 28 whether whether IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 29 states state NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 30 participate participate VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 31 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 32 them -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 33 or or CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 34 not not RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 67 35 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 68 1 She -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 68 2 discusses discuss VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 68 3 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 68 4 role role NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 68 5 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 68 6 ILSAs ilsa NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 68 7 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 68 8 shaping shape VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 68 9 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 68 10 systems system NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 68 11 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 68 12 general general JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 68 13 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 68 14 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 68 15 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 68 16 systems system NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 68 17 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 68 18 particular particular JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 68 19 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 1 Her -PRON- PRP$ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 2 methodology methodology NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 3 includes include VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 4 document document NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 5 analysis analysis NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 6 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 7 comparative comparative JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 8 analysis analysis NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 9 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 10 four four CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 11 ILSAs ilsa NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 12 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 13 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 14 indicators indicator NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 15 developed develop VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 16 by by IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 17 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 18 Global Global NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 19 Alliance Alliance NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 20 to to TO cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 21 Monitor monitor VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 22 Learning Learning NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 24 GAML GAML NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 26 as as RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 27 well well RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 28 as as IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 29 mapping mapping NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 30 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 31 policy policy NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 32 linkages linkage NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 33 between between IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 34 ILSAs ilsa NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 35 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 36 employability employability NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 37 policies policy NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 69 38 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 70 1 The the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 70 2 selected select VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 70 3 ILSAs ilsa NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 70 4 include include VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 70 5 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 70 6 Programme Programme NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 70 7 for for IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 70 8 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 70 9 International International NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 70 10 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 70 11 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 70 12 Adult Adult NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 70 13 Competencies competency NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 70 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 70 15 PIAAC PIAAC NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 70 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 70 17 by by IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 70 18 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 70 19 OECD OECD NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 70 20 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 1 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 2 Skills Skills NNPS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 3 Towards towards IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 4 Employability Employability NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 5 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 6 Productivity Productivity NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 8 STEP STEP NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 10 Survey Survey NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 11 by by IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 12 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 13 World World NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 14 Bank Bank NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 15 Group Group NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 17 WBG WBG NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 19 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 20 School school NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 21 - - : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 22 to to IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 23 Work Work NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 24 Transition Transition NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 25 Survey Survey NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 27 STWS STWS NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 29 by by IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 30 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 31 ILO ILO NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 32 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 33 Literacy Literacy NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 34 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 35 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 36 Monitoring Monitoring NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 37 Program Program NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 39 LAMP LAMP NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 41 by by IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 42 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 43 UNESCO UNESCO NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 44 Institute Institute NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 45 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 46 Statistics Statistics NNPS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 48 UIS UIS NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 71 50 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 1 The the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 2 paper paper NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 3 views view VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 4 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 5 changes change NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 6 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 7 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 8 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 9 systems system NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 10 as as IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 11 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 12 part part NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 13 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 14 global global JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 15 policy policy NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 16 shift shift NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 17 led lead VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 18 by by IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 19 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 20 OECD OECD NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 21 with with IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 22 ILSAs ilsa NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 23 being be VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 24 some some DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 25 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 26 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 27 effective effective JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 28 catalysts catalyst NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 29 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 30 acting act VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 31 as as IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 32 windows window NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 33 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 34 opportunity opportunity NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 35 for for IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 36 introducing introduce VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 37 changes change NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 38 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 39 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 40 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 41 systems system NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 72 42 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 1 Together together RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 2 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 3 these these DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 4 contributions contribution NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 5 on on IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 6 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 7 main main JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 8 topic topic NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 9 help help NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 10 to to TO cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 11 highlight highlight VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 12 that that DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 13 theory theory NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 14 building building NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 15 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 16 comparative comparative JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 17 empirical empirical JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 18 evidence evidence NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 19 are be VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 20 indispensable indispensable JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 21 for for IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 22 furthering further VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 23 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 24 development development NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 25 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 26 this this DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 27 research research NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 28 strand strand NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 73 29 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 2 hope hope VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 3 that that IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 5 were be VBD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 6 able able JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 7 to to TO cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 8 contribute contribute VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 9 to to IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 10 these these DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 11 efforts effort NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 12 with with IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 13 this this DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 14 issue issue NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 15 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 16 would would MD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 17 like like VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 18 to to TO cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 19 thank thank VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 20 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 21 editors editor NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 22 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 23 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 24 editorial editorial JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 25 team team NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 26 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 27 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 28 ZfW zfw NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 29 for for IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 30 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 31 support support NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 74 32 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 75 1 In in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 75 2 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 75 3 rubric rubric NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 75 4 FORUM FORUM NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 75 5 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 75 6 this this DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 75 7 issue issue NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 75 8 presents present VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 75 9 two two CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 75 10 articles article NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 75 11 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 1 In in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 2 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 3 contribution contribution NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 4 " " `` cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 5 Assessing assess VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 6 media medium NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 7 pedagogical pedagogical JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 8 competence competence NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 9 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 10 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 11 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 12 teachers teacher NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 13 " " '' cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 14 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 15 Bernhard Bernhard NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 16 Schmidt Schmidt NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 17 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 18 Hertha Hertha NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 19 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 20 Matthias Matthias NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 21 Rohs Rohs NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 22 address address VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 23 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 25 digital digital JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 27 media medium NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 28 competence competence NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 29 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 30 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 31 educators educator NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 32 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 33 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 34 topic topic NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 35 that that WDT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 36 acquired acquire VBD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 37 an an DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 38 increasing increase VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 39 importance importance NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 40 due due IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 41 to to IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 42 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 43 corona corona NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 44 pandemic pandemic NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 76 45 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 2 is be VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 3 surprising surprising JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 4 that that IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 5 despite despite IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 6 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 7 intensive intensive JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 8 academic academic JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 9 discussion discussion NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 10 on on IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 11 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 12 topic topic NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 13 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 15 remains remain VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 16 largely largely RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 17 unclear unclear JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 18 what what WP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 19 can can MD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 20 be be VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 21 understood understand VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 22 by by IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 23 ' ' `` cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 24 media medium NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 25 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 26 pedagogical pedagogical JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 27 competencies competency NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 28 ' ' '' cord-029674-qcu7vm05 77 29 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 78 1 This this DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 78 2 includes include VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 78 3 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 78 4 question question NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 78 5 whether whether IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 78 6 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 78 7 concept concept NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 78 8 describes describe VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 78 9 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 78 10 specific specific JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 78 11 competence competence NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 78 12 or or CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 78 13 rather rather RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 78 14 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 78 15 cross cross JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 78 16 - - JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 78 17 sectional sectional JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 78 18 competence competence NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 78 19 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 1 To to TO cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 2 develop develop VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 3 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 4 structural structural JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 5 model model NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 6 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 7 digital digital JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 8 media medium NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 9 competence competence NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 10 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 11 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 12 authors author NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 13 proceed proceed VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 14 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 15 two two CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 16 steps step NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 17 : : : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 18 First first RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 19 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 20 they -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 21 engage engage VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 22 with with IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 23 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 24 international international JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 25 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 26 discussion discussion NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 27 ; ; : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 28 then then RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 29 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 30 they -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 31 include include VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 32 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 33 specific specific JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 34 practical practical JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 35 knowledge knowledge NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 36 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 37 experts expert NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 38 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 39 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 40 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 79 41 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 1 The the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 2 structure structure NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 3 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 4 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 5 model model NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 6 comprises comprise VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 7 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 8 following follow VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 9 facets facet NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 10 : : : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 11 field field NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 12 competence competence NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 13 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 14 subject subject NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 15 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 16 related relate VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 17 media medium NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 18 competence competence NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 19 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 20 subject subject JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 21 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 22 didactic didactic JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 23 competence competence NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 24 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 25 pedagogical pedagogical JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 26 competence competence NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 27 as as RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 28 well well RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 29 as as IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 30 attitudes attitude NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 31 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 32 self self NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 33 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 34 monitoring monitoring NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 80 35 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 1 This this DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 2 model model NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 4 except except IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 5 for for IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 6 media medium NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 7 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 8 related relate VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 9 competence competence NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 10 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 11 different different JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 12 subjects subject NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 14 is be VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 15 tested test VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 16 by by IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 17 using use VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 18 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 19 sam sam NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 20 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 21 ple ple NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 22 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 23 more more JJR cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 24 than than IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 25 600 600 CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 26 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 27 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 28 teachers teacher NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 81 29 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 82 1 The the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 82 2 empirical empirical JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 82 3 results result NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 82 4 largely largely RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 82 5 confirm confirm VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 82 6 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 82 7 assumptions assumption NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 82 8 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 82 9 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 82 10 developed develop VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 82 11 model model NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 82 12 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 1 The the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 2 article article NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 3 " " `` cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 4 Reversing reverse VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 5 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 6 Matthew Matthew NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 7 Principle Principle NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 8 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 9 Adult Adult NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 10 Education Education NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 11 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 12 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 13 context context NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 14 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 15 low low JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 16 numeracy numeracy NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 17 " " '' cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 18 by by IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 19 Luise Luise NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 20 Krejcik Krejcik NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 21 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 22 Anke Anke NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 23 Grotlüschen Grotlüschen NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 24 addresses address VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 25 another another DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 26 topic topic NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 27 that that WDT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 28 has have VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 29 been be VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 30 intensely intensely RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 31 discussed discuss VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 32 for for IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 33 many many JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 34 years year NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 35 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 36 educational educational JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 37 research research NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 38 generally generally RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 39 as as RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 40 well well RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 41 as as IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 42 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 43 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 44 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 45 research research NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 46 : : : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 47 The the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 48 so so RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 49 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 50 called call VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 51 Matthew Matthew NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 52 effect effect NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 53 that that WDT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 54 points point VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 55 to to IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 56 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 57 relation relation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 58 between between IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 59 prior prior JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 60 educational educational JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 61 experience experience NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 62 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 63 participation participation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 64 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 65 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 66 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 83 67 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 84 1 This this DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 84 2 effect effect NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 84 3 has have VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 84 4 been be VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 84 5 confirmed confirm VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 84 6 by by IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 84 7 research research NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 84 8 multiple multiple JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 84 9 times time NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 84 10 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 1 Using use VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 2 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 3 re re NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 4 - - NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 5 analysis analysis NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 6 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 7 PIAAC PIAAC NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 8 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 9 data datum NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 10 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 11 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 12 authors author NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 13 examine examine VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 14 adults adult NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 15 with with IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 16 low low JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 17 numerical numerical JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 18 skills skill NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 19 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 20 order order NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 21 to to TO cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 22 find find VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 23 out out RP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 24 whether whether IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 25 this this DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 26 effect effect NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 27 may may MD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 28 be be VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 29 reverse reverse JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 30 if if IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 31 one one NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 32 does do VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 33 not not RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 34 take take VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 35 into into IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 36 account account NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 37 only only JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 38 participation participation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 39 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 40 but but CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 41 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 42 volume volume NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 43 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 44 participation participation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 45 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 46 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 47 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 85 48 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 1 The the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 2 re re NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 3 - - NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 4 analysis analysis NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 5 shows show NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 6 that that IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 7 both both DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 8 on on IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 9 an an DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 10 OECD OECD NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 11 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 12 average average NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 13 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 14 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 15 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 16 majority majority NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 17 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 18 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 19 Nordic nordic JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 20 countries country NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 21 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 22 adults adult NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 23 with with IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 24 low low JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 25 numerical numerical JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 26 skills skill NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 27 tend tend VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 28 to to TO cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 29 participate participate VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 30 less less RBR cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 31 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 32 further further JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 33 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 34 than than IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 35 adults adult NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 36 with with IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 37 high high JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 38 numerical numerical JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 39 skills skill NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 86 40 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 87 1 But but CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 87 2 if if IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 87 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 87 4 participate participate VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 87 5 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 87 6 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 87 7 duration duration NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 87 8 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 87 9 participation participation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 87 10 is be VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 87 11 longer long JJR cord-029674-qcu7vm05 87 12 than than IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 87 13 average average JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 87 14 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 87 15 also also RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 87 16 if if IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 87 17 sociodemographic sociodemographic JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 87 18 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 87 19 occupational occupational JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 87 20 factors factor NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 87 21 are be VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 87 22 controlled control VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 87 23 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 88 1 The the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 88 2 authors author NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 88 3 discuss discuss VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 88 4 distinct distinct JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 88 5 country country NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 88 6 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 88 7 specific specific JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 88 8 differences difference NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 88 9 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 88 10 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 88 11 context context NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 88 12 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 88 13 different different JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 88 14 welfare welfare NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 88 15 state state NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 88 16 policies policy NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 88 17 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 89 1 Adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 89 2 learning learning NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 89 3 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 89 4 modern modern JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 89 5 societies society NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 89 6 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 90 1 An an DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 90 2 international international JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 90 3 comparison comparison NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 90 4 from from IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 90 5 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 90 6 life life NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 90 7 - - HYPH cord-029674-qcu7vm05 90 8 course course NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 90 9 perspective perspective NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 91 1 The the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 91 2 political political JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 91 3 economy economy NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 91 4 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 91 5 collective collective JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 91 6 skill skill NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 91 7 formation formation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 91 8 Political political JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 91 9 economy economy NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 91 10 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 91 11 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 91 12 learning learning NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 91 13 systems system NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 91 14 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 92 1 Comparative comparative JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 92 2 study study NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 92 3 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 92 4 strategies strategy NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 92 5 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 92 6 policies policy NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 92 7 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 92 8 constraints constraint NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 93 1 Participation participation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 93 2 patterns pattern NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 93 3 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 93 4 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 93 5 education education NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 93 6 : : : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 93 7 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 93 8 role role NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 93 9 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 93 10 institutions institution NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 93 11 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 93 12 public public JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 93 13 policy policy NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 93 14 frameworks framework NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 93 15 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 93 16 resolving resolve VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 93 17 coordination coordination NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 93 18 problems problem NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 93 19 Varieties variety NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 93 20 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 93 21 capitalism capitalism NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 93 22 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 94 1 The the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 94 2 institutional institutional JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 94 3 foundations foundation NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 94 4 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 94 5 comparative comparative JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 94 6 advantage advantage NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 94 7 Skill skill NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 94 8 formation formation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 94 9 : : : cord-029674-qcu7vm05 94 10 interdisciplinary interdisciplinary JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 94 11 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 94 12 cross cross JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 94 13 - - JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 94 14 national national JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 94 15 perspectives perspective NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 94 16 Comparing compare VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 94 17 adult adult NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 94 18 learning learn VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 94 19 systems system NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 94 20 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 95 1 An an DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 95 2 emerging emerge VBG cord-029674-qcu7vm05 95 3 political political JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 95 4 economy economy NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 95 5 Adults Adults NNPS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 95 6 who who WP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 95 7 do do VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 95 8 not not RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 95 9 want want VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 95 10 to to TO cord-029674-qcu7vm05 95 11 participate participate VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 95 12 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 95 13 learning learning NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 95 14 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 96 1 A a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 96 2 cross cross JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 96 3 - - JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 96 4 national national JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 96 5 European european JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 96 6 analysis analysis NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 96 7 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 96 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 96 9 perceived perceive VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 96 10 barriers barrier NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 96 11 Open Open NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 96 12 Access Access NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 1 This this DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 2 article article NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 3 is be VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 4 licensed license VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 5 under under IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 6 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 7 Creative Creative NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 8 Commons Commons NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 9 Attribution Attribution NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 10 4.0 4.0 CD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 11 International International NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 12 License License NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 13 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 14 which which WDT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 15 permits permit VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 16 use use NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 17 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 18 sharing sharing NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 19 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 20 adaptation adaptation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 21 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 22 distribution distribution NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 23 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 24 reproduction reproduction NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 25 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 26 any any DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 27 medium medium NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 28 or or CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 29 format format NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 30 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 31 as as RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 32 long long RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 33 as as IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 34 you -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 35 give give VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 36 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 37 credit credit NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 38 to to IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 39 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 40 original original JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 41 author(s author(s NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 43 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 44 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 45 source source NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 46 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 47 provide provide VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 48 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 49 link link NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 50 to to IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 51 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 52 Creative Creative NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 53 Commons Commons NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 54 licence licence NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 55 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 56 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 57 indicate indicate VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 58 if if IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 59 changes change NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 60 were be VBD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 61 made make VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 97 62 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 1 The the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 2 images image NNS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 3 or or CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 4 other other JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 5 third third JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 6 party party NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 7 material material NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 8 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 9 this this DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 10 article article NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 11 are be VBP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 12 included include VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 13 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 14 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 15 article article NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 16 's 's POS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 17 Creative Creative NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 18 Commons Commons NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 19 licence licence NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 20 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 21 unless unless IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 22 indicated indicate VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 23 otherwise otherwise RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 24 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 25 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 26 credit credit NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 27 line line NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 28 to to IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 29 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 30 material material NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 98 31 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 1 If if IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 2 material material NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 3 is be VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 4 not not RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 5 included include VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 6 in in IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 7 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 8 article article NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 9 's 's POS cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 10 Creative Creative NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 11 Commons Commons NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 12 licence licence NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 13 and and CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 14 your -PRON- PRP$ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 15 intended intend VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 16 use use NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 17 is be VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 18 not not RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 19 permitted permit VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 20 by by IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 21 statutory statutory JJ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 22 regulation regulation NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 23 or or CC cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 24 exceeds exceed VBZ cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 25 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 26 permitted permit VBN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 27 use use NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 28 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 29 you -PRON- PRP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 30 will will MD cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 31 need need VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 32 to to TO cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 33 obtain obtain VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 34 permission permission NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 35 directly directly RB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 36 from from IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 37 the the DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 38 copyright copyright NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 39 holder holder NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 99 40 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 100 1 To to TO cord-029674-qcu7vm05 100 2 view view VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 100 3 a a DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 100 4 copy copy NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 100 5 of of IN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 100 6 this this DT cord-029674-qcu7vm05 100 7 licence licence NN cord-029674-qcu7vm05 100 8 , , , cord-029674-qcu7vm05 100 9 visit visit VB cord-029674-qcu7vm05 100 10 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4 NNP cord-029674-qcu7vm05 100 11 . . . cord-029674-qcu7vm05 101 1 0/. 0/. 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