Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 172 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17879 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 46 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 170 system 16 health 14 cell 11 patient 11 model 11 dna 10 datum 10 PCR 10 COVID-19 9 disease 8 result 8 information 8 Fig 7 study 7 food 7 RNA 7 Earth 6 social 6 human 5 user 5 test 5 method 5 change 5 HLA 4 water 4 security 4 sample 4 production 4 process 4 platelet 4 level 4 immune 4 donor 4 detection 4 care 4 base 4 air 4 University 4 United 4 SARS 4 RHD 4 RBC 4 NAT 4 Hospital 4 Health 4 HIV 4 HCV 4 HBV 4 FFP 4 DAT Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 15407 system 7761 blood 7029 % 5757 patient 5458 cell 4643 health 4420 time 4045 study 3951 result 3813 method 3809 datum 3579 model 3463 donor 3414 transfusion 3350 level 3205 disease 3089 process 3057 case 2862 information 2647 analysis 2611 sample 2605 group 2503 use 2296 protein 2277 number 2209 effect 2201 risk 2171 platelet 2163 product 2147 antibody 2146 approach 2122 unit 2109 change 2061 care 2058 production 1884 value 1869 day 1849 type 1849 network 1821 technology 1800 control 1784 service 1762 year 1753 test 1713 activity 1690 detection 1689 example 1661 development 1628 research 1622 population Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 2712 al 2238 et 1762 . 1159 • 1102 RBC 803 Health 794 PCR 766 C 688 Fig 672 HCV 670 University 595 Study 582 Background 577 Design 565 Blood 539 - 515 Case 496 Studies 481 AI 458 US 455 COVID-19 445 T 431 A 424 System 410 Hb 409 RNA 404 M 403 D 402 RHD 391 National 388 HBV 376 S 375 Institute 373 HLA 369 B 362 pH 362 Department 352 Table 350 Transfusion 350 SARS 343 ABO 336 United 332 Rh 330 HIV 326 Earth 326 Center 319 Systems 306 Research 294 RFID 293 DNA Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 6966 we 6908 it 3014 they 1210 them 771 i 426 us 403 one 360 he 295 you 254 itself 177 themselves 153 she 60 me 38 ourselves 33 him 23 himself 16 's 14 herself 13 her 9 oneself 6 s 6 p210bcr 6 myself 5 u 4 yourself 2 pseudonyms 2 igg4 2 em 2 c5.24xlarge 1 − 1 ζ 1 δs 1 you're 1 ya 1 xðnÞ 1 theirs 1 t,2 1 srbcs 1 sngr 1 r 1 putk2 1 ours 1 mrnas 1 mg 1 magpixv 1 its 1 iquum 1 infectedusercheckin 1 igfbp2 1 ifitm3 Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 76399 be 13338 have 9152 use 4063 base 3047 include 3004 show 2918 provide 2897 do 2464 increase 2190 develop 2131 make 1972 perform 1911 require 1877 find 1724 reduce 1648 identify 1647 follow 1620 need 1537 give 1535 compare 1403 lead 1397 consider 1393 take 1337 allow 1336 test 1312 detect 1288 determine 1277 improve 1253 present 1194 report 1185 relate 1181 obtain 1162 see 1125 associate 1079 produce 1072 evaluate 1071 apply 1046 result 996 describe 993 become 983 define 971 involve 954 know 941 study 937 cause 935 exist 933 observe 933 achieve 925 propose 923 occur Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 6655 not 5383 - 4334 also 3942 high 3850 such 3842 more 3556 other 2945 well 2848 different 2393 new 2362 only 2256 human 2073 low 2065 most 1978 however 1859 as 1853 positive 1849 anti 1822 many 1803 specific 1723 clinical 1722 large 1664 first 1644 social 1542 important 1356 non 1294 medical 1272 significant 1212 public 1178 then 1175 possible 1174 single 1167 further 1166 even 1146 negative 1139 same 1137 available 1133 thus 1115 very 1066 several 1056 small 1055 various 1053 complex 1020 red 997 global 987 often 982 early 974 out 960 effective 958 e.g. Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 651 most 378 good 283 least 220 high 215 Most 144 large 80 low 77 great 68 late 36 bad 32 big 23 small 21 near 20 safe 19 old 18 close 17 early 15 strong 13 short 12 simple 11 common 10 poor 10 fit 9 young 8 long 8 easy 6 rich 5 fast 5 clear 4 wide 4 slow 4 -E 3 tough 3 postsurgery 3 new 3 deep 3 deadly 3 E(13.4 3 226/303 3 -H 3 -Diagast 2 wealthy 2 warm 2 strict 2 slight 2 sharp 2 postharv 2 overharv 2 n(t 2 hard Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1414 most 169 least 59 well 4 worst 4 highest 2 fast 1 simplest 1 greatest 1 freshest 1 fittest 1 -spectroscopic 1 -cognise Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 doi.org 6 www 5 creativecommons.org 5 bit.ly 4 jhuspine3.shinyapps.io 3 www.nrlqa.net 3 www.mederrors.com. 3 www.hsph.harvard.edu 2 www.uu.nl 2 people.musc.edu 2 nvd.nist.gov 2 creat 2 apps.who.int 1 www.wur.nl 1 www.who.int 1 www.wcfs.nl 1 www.un.org 1 www.transformingfoodsystems.com 1 www.tipconsortium.net 1 www.telemed.no 1 www.ted.com 1 www.synapse.org 1 www.signaling-gateway.org 1 www.scilab.org 1 www.sanger.ac.uk 1 www.pik-potsdam.de 1 www.oxfordmartin 1 www.nhsstaffsurveys.com 1 www.nature.com 1 www.isbtweb.org 1 www.infiniq.com 1 www.health.nsw.gov.au 1 www.globalspinecareinitiative.org 1 www.glaid.dk 1 www.gatesfoundation.org 1 www.fragilityfracturenetwork.org 1 www.finddx.org 1 www.fbs.osaka-u.ac.jp 1 www.farm-and-food.com 1 www.fanext.com 1 www.econexus.info 1 www.ecmwf.int 1 www.eadgene.org 1 www.compa 1 www.chikyu.ac.jp 1 www.cellcircuits.org 1 www.capturethefracture.org 1 www.asti.cgiar.org 1 www.aci.health.nsw.gov.au 1 www-cdn.oxfam.org Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 6 http://www 4 http://jhuspine3.shinyapps.io/SpineUrgencyCalculator/ 3 http://www.nrlqa.net 3 http://www.mederrors.com. 3 http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/cearegistry 3 http://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-0420-9 3 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 2 http://nvd.nist.gov/home.cfm 2 http://doi.org/10 2 http://creat 1 http://www.wur.nl/en/About-Wageningen/Strategic-Plan.htm 1 http://www.who.int/ 1 http://www.wcfs.nl/ 1 http://www.uu.nl/staff/lmvanoers/ 1 http://www.uu.nl/en/research/copernicusinstitute-of-sustainable-development/mission-oriented-innovation-policyobservatory 1 http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/ 1 http://www.transformingfoodsystems.com/ 1 http://www.tipconsortium.net/ 1 http://www.telemed.no/opensource/snow/ 1 http://www.ted.com/talks/bill_gates_the_ 1 http://www.synapse.org 1 http://www.signaling-gateway.org/ 1 http://www.scilab.org 1 http://www.sanger.ac.uk/ 1 http://www.pik-potsdam.de/services/infodesk/forecasting-indian-monsoon 1 http://www.oxfordmartin 1 http://www.nhsstaffsurveys.com/Caches/Files/ST19_Core%20questionnaire_FINAL_ 1 http://www.nature.com/reprintsPublisher's 1 http://www.isbtweb.org/working-parties/red-cell-immunogenetics-and-bloodgroup-terminology/ 1 http://www.infiniq.com 1 http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Value/lbvc/Pages/default.aspx 1 http://www.globalspinecareinitiative.org/ 1 http://www.glaid.dk/english.html 1 http://www.gatesfoundation.org/ 1 http://www.fragilityfracturenetwork.org/ 1 http://www.finddx.org/covid-19/pipeline/ 1 http://www.fbs.osaka-u.ac.jp/labs/yanagida/ 1 http://www.farm-and-food.com/en/ 1 http://www.fanext.com/ 1 http://www.econexus.info/ 1 http://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets/browse-reanalysis-datasets 1 http://www.eadgene.org/ 1 http://www.compa 1 http://www.chikyu.ac.jp/precip/ 1 http://www.cellcircuits.org 1 http://www.capturethefracture.org/resources 1 http://www.asti.cgiar.org/ 1 http://www.aci.health.nsw.gov.au/networks/musculoskeletal 1 http://www-cdn.oxfam.org/ 1 http://ww2.health.wa.gov.au/Articles/J_M/ Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 3 ubakir@metu.edu.tr 2 pcalik@metu.edu.tr 2 ozdamar@eng.ankara.edu.tr 2 mnq@biocentrum.dtu.dk 2 esipov@ibch.ru 2 dpetrides@intelligen.com 2 dkilic@yildiz.edu.tr 2 calik@eng.ankara.edu.tr 2 brivas@uvigo.es 2 barslan@eng.ankara.edu.tr 2 achaudhury@umassd.edu 1 zomorodi@nrcgeb.ac.ir 1 zhengw@musc.edu 1 ymkoo@inha.ac.kr 1 wonhur@kangwon.ac.kr 1 willem.devos@wur.nl 1 ut@biocentrum.dtu.dk 1 tvede@bmb.sdu.dk 1 tmatsui@comb.u-ryukyu.ac.jp 1 tig@biocentrum.dtu.dk 1 thalmann@ics-cnrs.unistra.fr 1 takasumi@suou.waseda.jp 1 svharten@gmail.com 1 stamou@nano.ku.dk 1 spela.peternel@ki.si 1 sissel.lokra@lnb.hihm.no 1 silas.villas-boas@agresearch.co.nz 1 shindo@arif.pref.akita.jp 1 sh@fsc.chalmers.se 1 schang@tier.org.tw 1 s.sharkh@hzdr.de 1 s.buus@immi.ku.dk 1 roumestand@cbs.cnrs.fr 1 rkj@imtech.res.in 1 riar5400@rediffmail.com 1 rbuxeda@uprm.edu 1 psk@bioneer.dk 1 psatora@ar.krakow.pl 1 popovic@tfh-berlin.de 1 piversen@ciphergen.com 1 pilar.riveragil@physik.uni-marburg.deth 1 peter.neubauer@oulu.fi 1 perera@bio.ucm.es 1 pcristea@dsp.pub.ro 1 paola.branduardi@unimib.it 1 oytun@hacettepe.edu.tr 1 och@bioneer.dk 1 nmacame@ull.es 1 nbvass@yahoo.com 1 naoya-s@comb.u-ryukyu.ac.jp Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22 system is not 19 system does not 15 system is also 14 systems are not 13 information is available 13 patients were positive 13 systems are also 12 system is capable 10 results were not 10 systems are available 9 % tested patients 9 % were positive 9 cells did not 9 platelets were not 9 system is currently 9 use is not 8 patient did not 8 patients are often 8 systems are still 8 systems do not 7 data are available 7 donors was not 7 process is not 7 results are available 7 results were very 7 system is able 7 system is fully 7 system is more 7 systems are often 6 % had low 6 % were passive 6 % were regular 6 cases were positive 6 cells are not 6 data was first 6 donors is essential 6 health use cases 6 methods are not 6 patient is not 6 patient was not 6 patients were negative 6 patients were randomly 6 samples were not 6 studies comparing different 6 studies comparing ffp 6 studies have also 6 systems are complex 6 transfusions were ineffective 5 % were not 5 blood is not Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 cells are not available 3 blood was not less 3 cell was not present 3 cells do not consistently 3 donors had no major 3 donors have no intention 3 groups did not significantly 3 groups has not statistical 3 levels are not relevant 3 methods are not sufficiently 3 patient had no history 3 patient had no transfusion 3 patient was not essentially 3 patients is not clear 3 platelets were not available 3 results show no evidence 3 results showed no discrepancies 3 systems are not yet 3 transfusion are not well 3 transfusions are not consistent 2 analysis showed no colocalization 2 donors were not able 2 health is no longer 2 information was not available 2 models are not well 2 patients were not subsequently 2 process is not only 2 system does not necessarily 2 system has not yet 2 system is not causally 2 system is not yet 2 systems are not only 2 transfusion had no effect 1 % had no change 1 % had no clinical 1 % were not willing 1 analyses are not possible 1 analyses do not merely 1 blood is not always 1 blood is not feasible 1 case are not as 1 case does not necessarily 1 cases do not necessarily 1 cases was not previously 1 cells are not able 1 cells is not possible 1 cells is not truly 1 data are not available 1 data are not necessarily 1 data including not only A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-290856-6de0mwg0 author = Abbo, Aharon (Ronnie) title = Technological Developments and Strategic Management for Overcoming the COVID-19 Challenge within the Hospital Setting in Israel date = 2020-07-31 keywords = COVID-19; Israel; patient; system summary = A second key component of this challenge was the overwhelming surge in patient burden and the relative lack of trained staff and medical equipment which required rapid re-organization of large systems and augmenting health care efficiencies to unprecedented levels. This review article describes the early research and development response in Israel under the scope of in-hospital patient care, such as non-contact sensing of patients'' vital signs, and how it could potentially be weaved into a practical big picture at the hospital or national level using a strategic management system. This review article describes the early research and development response in Israel under the scope of in-hospital patient care, and how it could potentially be weaved into a practical strategic big picture that could help confront the next wave or any upcoming health crisis. The C 4 I™ system is a command and control tactical system integrating computing, communication, and intelligence information (for health care applications this applies for patient sensors), developed for military use by Elbit Systems. doi = 10.5041/rmmj.10417 id = cord-027304-a0vva8kb author = Achermann, Guillem title = An Information-Theoretic and Dissipative Systems Approach to the Study of Knowledge Diffusion and Emerging Complexity in Innovation Systems date = 2020-05-23 keywords = innovation; network; system summary = doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-50423-6_19 id = cord-020896-yrocw53j author = Agarwal, Mansi title = MEMIS: Multimodal Emergency Management Information System date = 2020-03-17 keywords = damage; system; tweet summary = doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-45439-5_32 id = cord-269200-9h2mmp0j author = Al-Azri, Nasser Hammad title = Antifragility Amid the COVID-19 Crisis: Making healthcare systems thrive through generic organisational skills date = 2020-10-05 keywords = crisis; system summary = doi = 10.18295/squmj.2020.20.03.001 id = cord-354941-0ocsf255 author = Amorin‐Woods, Deisy title = Family Therapy and COVID‐19: International Reflections during the Pandemic from Systemic Therapists across the Globe date = 2020-06-08 keywords = COVID-19; Family; Therapy; experience; pandemic; system; therapist; time summary = This paper offers a collection of reflections by systemic and family therapists from diverse cultures and contexts penned in the midst of the pandemic. I felt as if these early collections merged into one, represent the ''holding, healing space'' that we as therapists need, before we dare consider what life may look like on the ''other side.'' Without this, how could we support our clients in putting themselves, their families, and their lives back together, in even contemplating what a world of ''functionality'' or ''normality'' may look like? It is crucial that we are able to name and process our experiences in order to support our Global Family Therapists reflect on COVID-19 ª 2020 Australian Association of Family Therapy clients to do the same, in order to provide the holding space they need, and joining-in with them (Minuchin, 1974) . doi = 10.1002/anzf.1416 id = cord-337275-phgfpzbt author = Andrew, Jones title = Is Spread of COVID-19 a Chaotic Epidemic? date = 2020-10-20 keywords = country; covid-19; system summary = Traditional compartmental epidemiological models demonstrated limited ability to predict the scale and dynamics of COVID-19 epidemic in different countries. Our mathematical examination of COVID-19 epidemic data in different countries reveals similarity of this dynamic to the chaotic behavior of many dynamics systems, such as logistic maps. In a previous study, [4] demonstrated that the coronavirus raw data in China''s first two months of the disease suggest chaotic growth, similar to other epidemics like H1N1 and measles. These systems are now termed "chaotic." Unpredictability due to highly-sensitive reliance on initial conditions inspired the term "deterministic chaos." After Poincaré''s studies, the deterministic chaotic behavior was discovered in numerous dynamical systems and confirmed experimentally [15, 6, 2, 20] . Through use of an interactive data map, it was shown that the spread of COVID-19 exhibits the major characteristics of chaotic systems, namely, determinism, high sensitivity, large number of equilibria, and unpredictability. doi = 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110376 id = cord-292623-mxdlii77 author = Arji, Goli title = Fuzzy logic approach for infectious disease diagnosis: A methodical evaluation, literature and classification date = 2019-09-26 keywords = disease; fuzzy; infectious; system; technique summary = So, the major objective of the current study is to examine the researches in which fuzzy logic techniques have been applied in infectious diseases so to determining its trends and methods, through the processes of conducting a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). In this methodical review, the studies related to the employment of the fuzzy logic techniques in an infectious disease were assessed, and depending on the acquired outcomes, we can notice an interest amongst the researchers regarding this specific field of research. 40 studies were scrutinized and the main conclusions can be briefed as follows: (1) the key application field of the fuzzy logic in an infectious disease was related to dengue fever, hepatitis and tuberculosis, (2) amongst the fuzzy logic techniques fuzzy inference system, rule-based fuzzy logic, ANFIS and fuzzy cognitive map are commonly used in many studies, and (3) the major performance evaluation indicators such as the sensitivity, specificity, and the accuracy the ROC curve is employed. doi = 10.1016/j.bbe.2019.09.004 id = cord-340497-8l3gw6sk author = Avgoustaki, Dafni Despoina title = How energy innovation in indoor vertical farming can improve food security, sustainability, and food safety? date = 2020-09-25 keywords = farm; farming; food; greenhouse; indoor; plant; system; vertical; water summary = This way, inside the greenhouses, farmers can develop and maintain the desired microclimate and create a more predictable environment that enhances the final plant yield, achieving higher quality and reduced water consumption compared to open field crops. Greenhouses is a type of farming that can provide the option to connect with renewable energy resources in order to increase the sustainability of such systems and the energy efficiency of the various treatments that are necessary for mass food production (Manos and Xydis, 2019) . Indoor vertical farming is an innovative type of closed plant production system that provides the opportunity of a controlled-environment agriculture, which can be controlled according to the crop regardless of the weather conditions. In addition to the hydroponic systems that recirculate the nutrient solution and benefit greenhouse cultivations, vertical farms use systems that condense and collect the water that is transpired by plants at the cooling panel of the air conditioners and continuously recycle and reuse it for irrigation. doi = 10.1016/bs.af2s.2020.08.002 id = cord-346920-3wvo7fs3 author = Bajželj, Bojana title = The role of reducing food waste for resilient food systems date = 2020-07-31 keywords = food; resilience; system; waste summary = The concept of redundancy for example, which is considered as one of key principles of resilience (Biggs et al., 2012; Tendall et al., 2015) , can in some manifestations be in conflict with increasing efficiency, including reductions of waste, which are key strategies to achieve food sustainability (Godfray and Garnett, 2014; Bajželj et al., 2014) . Interventions targeted at household waste have the highest potential when it comes to freeing-up resources and reducing food waste related GHG emissions, and therefore, long-term resilience through stability, for two reasons: in high and middle-income settings, the volume of waste is the largest at the consumption stage, and secondly, this food has accumulated more impact as it processed through the supply chain (for example, it has been transported, stored, perhaps processed and pre-prepared). doi = 10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101140 id = cord-301117-egd1gxby author = Barh, Debmalya title = In Silico Models: From Simple Networks to Complex Diseases date = 2013-11-15 keywords = biological; cell; disease; model; modeling; parameter; silico; system summary = Bioinformatics deals with methods for storing, retrieving, and analyzing biological data and protein sequences, structures, functions, pathways, and networks, and recently, in silico disease modeling and simulation using systems biology. Bioinformatics is the computational data management discipline that helps us gather, analyze, and represent this information in order to educate ourselves, understand biological processes in healthy and diseased states, and to facilitate discovery of better animal products. The development of such computational modeling techniques to include diverse types of molecular biological information clearly supports the gene regulatory network inference process and enables the modeling of the dynamics of gene regulatory systems. Understanding the complexity of the disease and its biological significance in health can be achieved by integrating data from the different functional genomics experiments with medical, physiological, and environmental factor information, and computing mathematically. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-416002-6.00021-3 id = cord-265410-khwzdi79 author = Bartlett, Stuart title = Defining Lyfe in the Universe: From Three Privileged Functions to Four Pillars date = 2020-04-16 keywords = Earth; RNA; figure; life; lyfe; origin; system summary = doi = 10.3390/life10040042 id = cord-324656-6xq5rs0u author = Bellika, Johan Gustav title = Propagation of program control: A tool for distributed disease surveillance date = 2006-04-18 keywords = Agent; EHR; Mission; Snow; system summary = doi = 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2006.02.007 id = cord-130507-baheh8i5 author = Benreguia, Badreddine title = Tracking COVID-19 by Tracking Infectious Trajectories date = 2020-05-12 keywords = datum; person; suspect; system summary = doi = nan id = cord-332583-5enha3g9 author = Bodine, Erin N. title = Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation in Mathematics and Biology Education date = 2020-07-28 keywords = ABM; agent; model; modeling; student; system summary = ABMs are seeing increased incorporation into both the biology and mathematics classrooms as powerful modeling tools to study processes involving substantial amounts of stochasticity, nonlinear interactions, and/or heterogeneous spatial structures. Here we present a brief synopsis of the agent-based modeling approach with an emphasis on its use to simulate biological systems, and provide a discussion of its role and limitations in both the biology and mathematics classrooms. Whether students are working with ABMs in life science or math modeling classes, it is helpful for them to learn how to read and understand flow diagrams as they are often included in research publications that use agent-based modeling. While not every student necessarily needs to take a course exclusively focused on agent-based modeling, every undergraduate biology student should have the opportunity to utilize an ABM to perform experiments and to collect and analyze data. doi = 10.1007/s11538-020-00778-z id = cord-023104-dpftawj3 author = Boin, Arjen title = The Transboundary Crisis: Why we are unprepared and the road ahead date = 2018-07-22 keywords = Crisis; Transboundary; system summary = doi = 10.1111/1468-5973.12241 id = cord-337325-h9l7yy5z author = Bruzzone, Francesco title = The combination of e-bike-sharing and demand-responsive transport systems in rural areas: A case study of Velenje date = 2020-09-29 keywords = BSS; DRTS; Municipality; Velenje; service; system; transport summary = doi = 10.1016/j.rtbm.2020.100570 id = cord-024343-mrri46oh author = Buldakov, Nikolay title = An Open Source Solution for Smart Contract-Based Parking Management date = 2020-05-05 keywords = contract; parking; system summary = In order to tackle such issues, we propose a smart contract-based solution encapsulating sensitive information, agreements and processes into transparent and distributed smart contracts . In order to provide their land for parking, a landlord must first sign a contract with the administrator. The proposed solution presented in this paper aims to tackle the problems described above by using blockchain smart contracts. First of all, both driver and parking providers (landlords and tenants) require a safe, trustworthy way of conducting payments in such a way that both parties are guaranteed that the amount of funds transferred is equivalent to the provided service. A tenant can set its payment policy and it also stores the address of its contract with a parking lot. Only two transactions are required: to deploy the contract (by the car) and to claim the end of the payment period (by the parking lot). doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-47240-5_6 id = cord-016564-od9mf2f2 author = Capodaglio, Andrea G. title = Online Monitoring Technologies For Drinking Water Systems Security date = 2009 keywords = monitoring; online; quality; system; water summary = More stringent constraints placed nowadays on water companies to provide high quality drinking water, increasing water resources scarcity in many areas of the planet, forcing water companies to work on marginal water bodies for supply, and the threat of hostile actions by political extremists and terrorist groups, that may willingly and deliberately cause contamination of an otherwise safe supply, are recent issues that have spurred demand for more efficient and comprehensive online water monitoring technologies. Monitoring requirements can be defined in relationship to: • Source water quality: (a) variability, in space and time (very low for groundwater, low for lakes, high for rivers); (b) vulnerability (type and location of possible contaminating activity), time-of-travel of the contaminant to the intake, effectiveness of barriers, control options after an alarm • Water treatment: process optimization options and response times, sampling frequency must allow adequate process control • Distribution systems: minimization of deterioration of water quality over time and distance, early detection of cross-connections and water losses In addition, it must be considered that online monitors could have different sensitivity and selectivity according to the matrix and range of concentrations analyzed. doi = 10.1007/978-90-481-2365-0_15 id = cord-183016-ajwnihk6 author = Carrillo, Dick title = Containing Future Epidemics with Trustworthy Federated Systems for Ubiquitous Warning and Response date = 2020-10-26 keywords = base; datum; privacy; system summary = doi = nan id = cord-253548-izya7nws author = Catchpole, Ken title = Frontiers in Human Factors: Embedding Specialists in Multi-disciplinary efforts to Improve Healthcare. date = 2020-09-09 keywords = Human; system summary = doi = 10.1093/intqhc/mzaa108 id = cord-257633-wrem38ex author = Chamola, Vinay title = A Comprehensive Review of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Attacks and Neutralization Techniques date = 2020-10-10 keywords = FHSS; GPS; UAV; attack; base; jamming; signal; system summary = The aviation authority prescribes specific mandatory features for UAVs (excluding Nano category) like Global Positioning System (GPS), Return-to-Home (RTH), anti-collision light, identification (ID plate), a controller with flight data logging, radio frequency identification (RF-ID) and Subscriber Identity Module (SIM). In this section, we present a discussion of the various aspects of UAV operation such as the modes, flow of control, systems for navigation, and also review some of the most common commercial transmission protocols. A ground station is the control center that facilitates the human control of UAVs. An autonomous UAV has a predefined flight route based on GNSS systems like GPS or environment checkpoints which can be detected by the camera. This type of communication method involves a human operating a radio transmitter/receiver, a smartphone, a tablet or a computer as a ground station to control the flight path of the UAV. doi = 10.1016/j.adhoc.2020.102324 id = cord-027700-dezg4155 author = Chehab, Khalil title = Study of Healthcare Professionals’ Interaction in the Patient Records Based on Annotations date = 2020-05-31 keywords = annotation; document; system summary = doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-51517-1_28 id = cord-299884-wp4ehemj author = Chen, Ray Zhuangrui title = Integrated wetlands for food production date = 2016-07-31 keywords = China; PTS; fish; food; production; system; wetland summary = Apart from excessive nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, which can cause eutrophication in water, elevated concentrations of a wide range of persistent toxic substances (PTS), including heavy metals (such as mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb)), persistent organic pollutants (POPs such as DDT) and certain emerging chemicals of concern (such as flame retardants) found in soil, water and air worldwide during the past decades, are greatly threatening our food production and food safety. Similar to rice-fish farming, rice-duck, rice-crab, rice-prawn farming makes use of the symbiotic relationship between paddy fields and animals to more effectively utilize nutrients and energy, reduce chemical fertilizer and pesticide inputs, increase food safety and productivity, and also mitigate the pollutants discharge Zhang et al., 2001; Zhen et al., 2004) . Integrated wetland techniques (such as hydroponic, constructed treatment wetland or floating island) with food production processes, coupled with polyculture of different fish species or other organisms (such as ducks, crabs, shrimps, and etc.), are able to promote ecosystem health, and achieve sustainability, mainly via its wastewater purification and nutrient recycling capability. doi = 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.007 id = cord-133273-kvyzuayp author = Christ, Andreas title = Artificial Intelligence: Research Impact on Key Industries; the Upper-Rhine Artificial Intelligence Symposium (UR-AI 2020) date = 2020-10-05 keywords = CNN; Fig; ICU; base; datum; feature; figure; learn; model; network; result; robot; system summary = During the literature review it was evident the presence of few works dedicated to evaluating comprehensively the complete cycle of biofeedback, which comprises using the wearable devices, applying Machine Learning patterns detection algorithms, generate the psychologic intervention, besides monitoring its effects and recording the history of events [9, 3] . This solution is being proposed by several literature study about stress patterns and physiological aspects but with few results, for this reason, our project will address topics like experimental study protocol on signals acquisition from patients/participants with wearables to data acquisition and processing, in sequence will be applied machine learning modeling and prediction on biosignal data regarding stress (Fig. 1) . We will present first results of the project concerning a new process model for cooperating data scientists and quality engineers, a product testing model as knowledge base for machine learning computing and visual support of quality engineers in order to explain prediction results. doi = nan id = cord-337218-risqto89 author = Chu, Ellen W. title = Environmental Impact, Concept and Measurement of date = 2013-02-05 keywords = Earth; States; United; ecological; ecosystem; environmental; human; life; natural; system; water summary = 107 ) sums up what he calls the hazards of human progress this way: ''''Each time history repeats itself, the price goes up.'''' Indeed, as the second decade of the 21st century begins, humans are ecosystem engineers on a planetary scale, and our global civilization threatens the life-sustaining capacity of all of Earth''s environmental ''''spheres'''': But with nearly 7 billion people occupying or using resources from every place on Earth, humans are overwhelming the ability of other life-forms to make a living and depleting the planet''s natural wealth. Chemicals -as varied as prescription drugs flowing out of sewage plants, pesticides, heavy metals, and cancer-causing by-products of countless manufacturing processes -now lace the world''s water, soil, and air and the bodies of all living things, including humans. The list of chemicals'' effects on living things is so long that chemical pollution equals humans'' environmental impact in most people''s minds, yet it is just one form of biotic impoverishment. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-384719-5.00253-7 id = cord-005191-a70eedna author = Cohen, Irun R. title = Informational Landscapes in Art, Science, and Evolution date = 2006-06-08 keywords = Cohen; Listening; Post; information; system summary = Here, I shall use Listening Post as an allegory to explore two other systems that deal with informational landscapes: biologic evolution and human understanding. The Internet created a new informational landscape, a new niche, that could be sampled and exploited by Hansen and Rubin to enhance their fitness as artists in the wilds of the Manhattan art world (Fig. 2) . Any organism, simple or complex, that manages to mine the landscape for enough energy and information to create meaning (through productive interactions) might manage to survive there. Like the algorithm of Listening Post, an evolving species creates new meaning by exploiting information flowing through its environment-its cyberspace. Darwin''s concept of natural selection, including survival of the fittest, does play a critical role in the process of evolution, but mostly after a new or variant species has begun to exploit an informational landscape. doi = 10.1007/s11538-006-9118-4 id = cord-176677-exej3zwh author = Coveney, Peter V. title = When we can trust computers (and when we can't) date = 2020-07-08 keywords = datum; machine; model; result; science; system summary = doi = nan id = cord-125402-9l4k3fle author = Darsena, Donatella title = Safe and Reliable Public Transportation Systems (SALUTARY) in the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-26 keywords = crowd; salutary; system summary = doi = nan id = cord-027885-ua8miwes author = Das, Sujata title = Impact of Human Microbiome on Health date = 2020-03-10 keywords = gut; human; microbiome; system summary = There has been an immense leap from the culture-based surveys of various tissues or organs, for example, of gut and oral cavity, to molecular profiling of the microbial communities and their biochemical products like enzymes, proteins, and amino acids in all the different ecological niches of the human body (Eckburg et al. Since the time of birth of an individual, when the sterile gut of the neonate gets exposed to the biota of mother''s vagina during the vaginal delivery or hospital microbiota in case of caesarean section (which may even include the multidrug-resistant species), the microbes starts their colonisation with an eventual change by the age of 3-5 years, by when an individual starts resembling bacterial community to that of an adult both structurally and functionally (Bull and Plummer 2014) . Microbiome-based approaches involving antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation and nutritional modulators correlate directly with the alteration of immune status of an individual focusing on the innate immunity. doi = 10.1007/978-981-15-4099-8_20 id = cord-284934-mkxfa2nr author = Davis, Mark M title = Systems immunology date = 2020-07-30 keywords = cell; immune; system summary = I am biased, but I believe the modern form of Systems Immunology began in 2008-2009, with a relatively concurrent publication that I wrote entitled ''A Prescription for Human Immunology'' [1] together with the first data papers by Sekaly [2] and Pulendran [3] , where both groups analyzed Yellow Fever Vaccine responses using gene array data and other data. Most importantly they used a program to convert gene expression data in other studies to cell subsets [13 ] to find (and confirm) that NK cell levels drop dramatically in subjects that develop active TB disease, and that they return to baseline after antibiotic treatment. Other important tools for systems analysis are programs that combine different data sets to identify important relationships between the immune system and metabolism for example, or the microbiome [9 ,10 ] . New approaches to the study of immune responses in humans doi = 10.1016/j.coi.2020.06.006 id = cord-029290-vf5qebso author = Devonport, Alex title = PIRK: Scalable Interval Reachability Analysis for High-Dimensional Nonlinear Systems date = 2020-06-13 keywords = PIRK; set; system summary = doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-53288-8_27 id = cord-314275-twjaq5do author = Diwekar, U. title = A perspective on the role of uncertainty in sustainability science and engineering date = 2020-09-09 keywords = Diwekar; decision; risk; sustainability; system; uncertainty summary = doi = 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105140 id = cord-012370-omz7kibf author = Dixit, Shivani title = Forensic genetic analysis of population of Madhya Pradesh with PowerPlex Fusion 6C(™) Multiplex System date = 2019-02-14 keywords = Multiplex; System summary = title: Forensic genetic analysis of population of Madhya Pradesh with PowerPlex Fusion 6C(™) Multiplex System The study also presents the first global report on polymorphism in the Indian population on SE 33 autosomal STR loci and PP Fusion 6C Multiplex System. A few studies have been performed to characterize the population of Madhya Pradesh on autosomal STRs (described in Table S2 ) but these studies are based on 15 STR markers either using Identifiler/Identifiler Plus (Applied Biosystem, USA) or PowerPlex 16/16HS (Promega Corporation, Madison, USA). The most polymorphic and discriminatory STR loci in the studied population were SE 33 with values of 0.94 and 0.990, respectively. The data obtained in this study were compared with published Indian population data (Table S2 ) related to common 15 autosomal STR loci. With respect to the distribution of alleles at each STR locus, the loci were found to be substantially polymorphic in this population indicating good informativeness of all studied autosomal STR markers. doi = 10.1007/s00414-019-02017-0 id = cord-010681-tmpxs9og author = Dondapati, Srujan Kumar title = Cell-Free Protein Synthesis: A Promising Option for Future Drug Development date = 2020-03-20 keywords = CFPS; CHO; cell; protein; system summary = aatRNA aminoacyl-tRNA, AAS aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, ATP adenosine triphosphate, EF elongation factor, GSH glutathione, GSSG glutathione-disulfide, GTP guanosine-5''-triphosphate, IF initiation factor, IRES internal ribosome entry site, MP membrane protein, nCAA non-canonical amino acid, PDI protein disulfide isomerase, PEG polyethylene glycol, PTM post-translational modification, R ribosomes, t-RNA transfer RNA, TF transcription factor, UTR untranslated region, VLP virus like particle Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) Mimic the CHO cell-based production PTMs (N-glycosylation, disulfide bridging, and lipidation) Suitable for a wide range of eukaryotic and complex proteins Presence of translational active endogenous microsomes [45] High yields in CECF mode Endotoxin free Lysates used for point-of-care testing [30] Low yields especially in the batch mode [58] Cost ineffective and difficult to establish unlike E. doi = 10.1007/s40259-020-00417-y id = cord-324507-w32pe2pz author = Dubé, Mirette title = COVID-19 pandemic preparation: using simulation for systems-based learning to prepare the largest healthcare workforce and system in Canada date = 2020-08-18 keywords = COVID-19; Canada; simulation; system summary = Our provincial simulation program in the province of Alberta, Canada (population = 4.37 million; geographic area = 661,848 km(2)), has rapidly responded to this need by leading the intake, design, development, planning, and co-facilitation of over 400 acute care simulations across our province in both urban and rural Emergency Departments, Intensive Care Units, Operating Rooms, Labor and Delivery Units, Urgent Care Centers, Diagnostic Imaging and In-patient Units over a 5-week period to an estimated 30,000 learners of real frontline team members. The goal of this paper is to share the unique features and advantages of using a centralized provincial simulation response team, preparedness using learning and systems integration methods, and to share the highest risk and highest frequency outcomes from analyzing a mass volume of COVID-19 simulation data across the largest health authority in Canada. doi = 10.1186/s41077-020-00138-w id = cord-296253-bxyzhsfs author = Elham, Elzat title = Anatomic evidence shows that lymphatic drainage exists in the pituitary to loop the cerebral lymphatic circulation date = 2020-05-30 keywords = lymphatic; system summary = To determine whether the perinasal lymphatic system or lymphatic vessels are involved in cerebral immune defence and play a role in causing CNS infections (especially respiratory tract-related infections), we performed an anatomic study to investigate the drainage differences between the perinasal and intracerebral lymphatic systems by using injection of Evans blue and anatomic surgery, together with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assays. To determine whether the perinasal lymphatic system or lymphatic vessels are involved in cerebral immune defence and play a role in causing CNS infections (especially respiratory tract-related infections), we performed an anatomic study to investigate the drainage differences between the perinasal and intracerebral lymphatic systems by using injection of Evans blue and anatomic surgery, together with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assays. Under an anatomic (20× magnification) microscope, we dissected the mouse intracranial nervous system after injection of Evans blue (perinasal lymphatic reflux assay) and found that lymphatic vessels that exist in the pituitary and loop the cerebral lymphatic circulation are responsible for the perinasal-pituitary lymphatic drainage. doi = 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109898 id = cord-164916-v5w6senz author = Elhenawy, Mohammed title = Developing a Novel Crowdsourcing Business Model for Micro-Mobility Ride-Sharing Systems: Methodology and Preliminary Results date = 2020-07-30 keywords = Bike; scooter; system summary = doi = nan id = cord-349831-0u9y35qo author = Ellis, George F. R. title = The Causal Closure of Physics in Real World Contexts date = 2020-08-18 keywords = Closure; Sect; causal; effective; level; physics; system summary = Secondly, I show that causal closure in the hierarchy of emergence is a strictly interlevel affair, and in the cases of engineering and biology encompasses all levels from the social level to the particle physics level. In particular, the particle physics level is not causally complete by itself in the contexts of solid state physics (because of interlevel wave–particle duality), digital computers (where algorithms determine outcomes), or biology (because of time dependent constraints). Here I want to examine the issue in a different way, by dealing in some detail with the hierarchical nature of emergence in real world contexts: the cases of engineering, based in the underlying solid state physics, and biology, based in the underlying molecular biology, in turn based in the underlying physics. Effective Causal Closure in real world contexts spans many levels, in the case of biology reaching down from the level of the organism to the underlying physics via time dependent constraints. doi = 10.1007/s10701-020-00366-0 id = cord-033137-xezwbs4f author = Fan, Jingfang title = Statistical physics approaches to the complex Earth system date = 2020-10-03 keywords = AMOC; ENSO; Earth; Fig; Niño; Pacific; climate; indian; system summary = Especially, novel statistical physics and complex networks-based techniques have been developed and implemented to substantially advance our knowledge of the Earth system, including climate extreme events, earthquakes and geological relief features, leading to substantially improved predictive performances. We present here a comprehensive review on the recent scientific progress in the development and application of how combined statistical physics and complex systems science approaches such as critical phenomena, network theory, percolation, tipping points analysis, and entropy can be applied to complex Earth systems. To summarize, in this chapter we have described different network characteristics and presented various linear and nonlinear tools of time series analysis, which can be used to construct, define and characterize CNs. Linear and nonlinear methods include Pearson correlation, event synchronization, and informationtheory measures such as entropy and mutual information. doi = 10.1016/j.physrep.2020.09.005 id = cord-311868-40bri19f author = Fattahi, A. title = A systemic approach to analyze integrated energy system modeling tools: A review of national models date = 2020-11-30 keywords = ESM; Energy; MCA; model; modeling; system summary = doi = 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110195 id = cord-005078-gr2vioor author = Fedorowicz, Jane title = Reinvention of interorganizational systems: A case analysis of the diffusion of a bio-terror surveillance system date = 2009-04-03 keywords = BioSense; CDC; health; innovation; reinvention; system summary = This paper reports on a case study of BioSense, an interorganizational system that was designed as an early detection tool for bio-terror attacks and subsequently modified to better serve this need as well as to operate as a public health system for pinpointing geographic clusters of dangerous/acute disease outbreaks. This paper reports on a case study of a public health interorganizational system which was initially designed and promoted as an early detection tool for bio-terror attacks and subsequently was modified to serve a broader and more routine public health purpose: identifying geographic clusters of communicable disease outbreaks. Studying the adoption and use of interorganizational systems by collaborating organizations will give researchers insights into the complex world in which both the characteristics of the technology-based innovation and its implementation process combine to determine the role of reinvention in its long term sustainability. doi = 10.1007/s10796-009-9167-y id = cord-032492-2av9kl1c author = Feldman, Sue S. title = Impact of Provider Prior Use of HIE on System Complexity, Performance, Patient Care, Quality and System Concerns date = 2020-09-23 keywords = HIE; health; information; provider; system summary = doi = 10.1007/s10796-020-10064-x id = cord-016192-xc4ae7c1 author = Fernando, Owen Noel Newton title = Mo-Buzz: Socially-Mediated Collaborative Platform for Ubiquitous Location Based Service date = 2013 keywords = content; system summary = It acts as a community platform, where diverse users from geographically distributed locations can collaborate to seek and contribute multimedia contents of such diseases and related issues (breeding sites, etc.). These findings, in concert with emerging needs in public health, lead us to identify the need for a system which enables citizens to track disease spread (search for information), contribute to surveillance efforts by engaging with health authorities (share information) and further disseminate health information through members of their social networks (keep in touch with people/share information) using simple mobile phones or smartphones. To facilitates the general public to contribute to surveillance efforts in the event of disease outbreaks [17] , we have developed a platform, known as Mo-Buzz, which is focused on emergence of mobile phones and social media that will help to transform the way public health is practiced. doi = 10.1007/978-3-642-39215-3_44 id = cord-017841-57rm046y author = Flower, Darren R. title = Immunomic Discovery of Adjuvants, Delivery Systems, and Candidate Subunit Vaccines: A Brief Introduction date = 2012-09-28 keywords = Chap; disease; system; vaccine summary = doi = 10.1007/978-1-4614-5070-2_1 id = cord-023913-pnjhi8cu author = Foreman, Stephen title = Broader Considerations of Medical and Dental Data Integration date = 2011-10-08 keywords = Association; EHR; Fig; Health; Institute; Medicaid; Medicare; National; clinical; cost; dental; disease; medical; oral; patient; periodontal; school; study; system summary = So while there has been no shortage of effort paid to improving Medicare, the one common theme in all of the recent initiatives is that dental care has been conspicuously 1 A new study by Hedlund, Jeffcoat, Genco and Tanna funded by CIGNA of patients with Type II diabetes and periodontal disease found that medical costs of patients who received maintenance therapy were $2483.51 per year lower than patients who did not. Examples of integrated care models do exist, such as that presented by (Heuer 2007 ) involving school-linked and school-based clinics with an "innovative health infrastructure." According to Heuer, "Neighborhood Outreach Action for Health (NOAH)" is staffed by two nurse practitioners and a part-time physician to provide "primary medical services to more than 3,200 uninsured patients each year" in Scottsdale, Arizona. doi = 10.1007/978-1-4471-2185-5_4 id = cord-356353-e6jb0sex author = Fourcade, Marion title = Loops, ladders and links: the recursivity of social and machine learning date = 2020-08-26 keywords = Bourdieu; Facebook; Twitter; datum; learning; machine; medium; people; platform; social; system summary = Both practices rely upon and reinforce a pervasive appetite for digital input or feedback that we characterize as "data hunger." They also share a propensity to assemble insight and make meaning accretively-a propensity that we denote here as "world or meaning accretion." Throughout this article, we probe the dynamic interaction of social and machine learning by drawing examples from one genre of online social contention and connection in which the pervasive influence of machine learning is evident: namely, that which occurs across social media channels and platforms. In such settings, the data accretion upon which machine learning depends for the development of granular insights-and, on social media platforms, associated auctioning and targeting of advertising-compounds the cumulative, sedimentary effect of social data, making negative impressions generated by "revenge porn," or by one''s online identity having been fraudulently coopted, hard to displace or renew. doi = 10.1007/s11186-020-09409-x id = cord-292024-ae7rauc6 author = Fulop, T. title = Immunosenescence is both functional/adaptive and dysfunctional/maladaptive date = 2020-09-15 keywords = age; cell; immune; innate; system summary = The increased numbers and activity of certain innate or innate-like immune cell subsets with aging might be considered host responses to compensate for the drastic decline in adaptive immune cell development and function [95] . Several studies have also indicated age-related functional changes in DCs, such as impaired expression of TLRs [115] ; decreased production of cytokines, chemokines, and IFN-a after TLR stimulation [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] ; and increased responses to self-antigen [117] . In the meantime, senescent T cells, analogously to other senescent cells arising with age in the body, produce large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines (a phenomenon called senescence-associated secretory phenotype, SASP) as stated by the inflammaging characteristics of the human immune system [141, 142] . Given the central role of Treg cells in immune homeostasis, age-related loss of Treg function would be predicted to render the host susceptible to excessive immunity, encountered in elderly humans as a syndrome of chronic low-grade inflammation [172] . doi = 10.1007/s00281-020-00818-9 id = cord-005384-204jch3h author = Gao, Jun title = Multi-objective optimization for sensor placement against suddenly released contaminant in air duct system date = 2017-05-16 keywords = objective; sensor; system summary = doi = 10.1007/s12273-017-0374-z id = cord-326220-uosjmht0 author = Gaskell, Jen title = Covid‐19 and the Blunders of our Governments: Long‐run System Failings Aggravated by Political Choices date = 2020-08-11 keywords = covid-19; governance; government; system summary = Having established a framework for thinking about the causes of governance failure, we need to establish some assessment of the performance of different systems in the unfolding of the Covid-19 crisis during the first half of 2020. The government also benefitted from the collaborative approach taken by the opposition, with Social Democratic Party (SPD) member of parliament Ricardo Baptista Leite observing: ''We''re no longer dealing with the Socialist government; we are dealing with the government of Portugal'', further noting ''We are having very candid but supportive meetings to present constructive criticism and also solutions through back channels, showing a sense of unity for the national interest.'' 11 In Denmark, Prime Minister Metter Fredriksen delivered her lockdown address to the nation on 11 March when the country had around 500 recorded cases, closing schools against the recommendation of its health authorities. doi = 10.1111/1467-923x.12894 id = cord-269821-j4w084u2 author = Gaupp, Franziska title = Extreme Events in a Globalized Food System date = 2020-06-19 keywords = food; global; system summary = doi = 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.06.001 id = cord-103490-cy6db8bf author = Gerritse, Emma J. title = Bias in Conversational Search: The Double-Edged Sword of the Personalized Knowledge Graph date = 2020-10-20 keywords = bias; system summary = doi = 10.1145/3409256.3409834 id = cord-325445-80p6wthw author = Goh, Ong Sing title = Query Based Intelligent Web Interaction with Real World Knowledge date = 2008-03-14 keywords = AINI; Layer; domain; knowledge; system summary = To overcome the above limitations, this paper proposed an integrated system comprises of an artificial intelligent conversation software robot or chatterbot, called Artificial Intelligence Natural-language Identity (hereafter, AINI), and an Automated Knowledge Extraction Agent (AKEA) for the acquisition of real world knowledge from the Internet. The aim of the project is to develop an intelligent conversation agent called AINI to answer domain specific questions as well as open-domain (or common sense) questions. The key contribution described in this paper is the integration of the common sense knowledge and domain specific knowledge in the form of a "knowledge matrix." The system is based on a layered and modular design, and the answers for the queries are searched from these modules. As shown in Fig. 1 and 2 , AINI''s domain-specific knowledge bases consist of Natural Language Corpus and Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). doi = 10.1007/s00354-007-0031-7 id = cord-032466-1nfp1hcs author = Gong, Liang title = Interaction design for multi-user virtual reality systems: An automotive case study date = 2020-09-22 keywords = system; user summary = doi = 10.1016/j.procir.2020.04.036 id = cord-146850-5x6qs2i4 author = Gupta, Abhishek title = The State of AI Ethics Report (June 2020) date = 2020-06-25 keywords = Ethics; datum; different; example; human; impact; information; lead; like; need; people; social; system; work summary = Another point brought up in the article is that social media companies might themselves be unwilling to tolerate scraping of their users'' data to do this sort of vetting which against their terms of use for access to the APIs. Borrowing from the credit reporting world, the Fair Credit Reporting Act in the US offers some insights when it mentions that people need to be provided with a recourse to correct information that is used about them in making a decision and that due consent needs to be obtained prior to utilizing such tools to do a background check. Given that AI systems operate in a larger socio-technical ecosystem, we need to tap into fields like law and policy making to come up with effective ways of integrating ethics into AI systems, part of which can involve creating binding legal agreements that tie in with economic incentives.While policy making and law are often seen as slow to adapt to fast changing technology, there are a variety of benefits to be had, for example higher customer trust for services that have adherence to stringent regulations regarding privacy and data protection. doi = nan id = cord-289775-40bi87iz author = Haines, David E. title = Heart Rhythm Society Expert Consensus Statement on Electrophysiology Laboratory Standards: Process, Protocols, Equipment, Personnel, and Safety date = 2014-05-07 keywords = American; HRS; Heart; Society; ablation; catheter; equipment; laboratory; patient; procedure; system summary = The specific criteria for recredentialing are determined by each individual hospital, but should generally parallel the following recommendations: ABIM CCEP board certification and IBHRE certification are limited to 10 years; to stay current for CCEP, the physician must complete a series of CME and/or practice improvement activities 9 ; recertification examination for CCEP and CCDS are each required at 10-year intervals; to ensure that cognitive and technical skills are maintained, the physician''s clinical competence must be evaluated and documented on a regular basis; it is the responsibility of the medical staff credentialing committee to ensure that physicians perform the necessary number of evaluations and procedures needed to maintain their expertise 31 and also that they participate in regular CME activities. The procedure report should include, at minimum, all the following: the primary and secondary operators, the indication for the procedure, names and doses of any medications administered, catheter/pacing/ICD lead model and serial numbers, insertion sites and intracardiac destinations, findings and procedure performed, complications encountered, and fluoroscopic exposure (fluoroscopy time, radiation dose, and the dose-area product) by an Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)/Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS)-certified nurse. doi = 10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.03.042 id = cord-335166-60lfjfvs author = Hanney, Stephen R. title = How to strengthen a health research system: WHO’s review, whose literature and who is providing leadership? date = 2020-06-23 keywords = HEN; Health; NIHR; Research; system summary = There is increasing support for the engagement of stakeholders in setting the priorities for research as well as in research processes and translation [7, 38, 51, 58, 59] Adopt monitoring and evaluation tools that focus on the objectives of the NHRS, including health system improvement A range of documents, including ones on the NIHR [24] , HRB [60] and Rwandan strategies [14] , and the World Health Report 2013 [1] , demonstrate the importance of adopting monitoring and evaluation approaches that include a focus on assessing the impacts of research on health polices/practice and the economy, e.g. through application of the Payback Framework [60, 61] Develop/participate in partnerships across regions, bilaterally or within the NHRS Examples of progress made by partnerships between countries, sometimes along with international organisations and donors, include the WAHO interventions [5, 37, 53, 54] and the work of WHO regional offices for Africa [11, 26] implemented in practice within research organisations [74] and how evidence is used in decision-making in crisis zones [75] . doi = 10.1186/s12961-020-00581-1 id = cord-291786-66c8xta0 author = He, Shaobo title = SEIR modeling of the COVID-19 and its dynamics date = 2020-06-18 keywords = Fig; SEIR; system summary = In this paper, a SEIR epidemic model for the COVID-19 is built according to some general control strategies, such as hospital, quarantine and external input. 3, the SEIR model is applied to the COVID-19 data of Hubei province where the PSO algorithm is introduced to estimate the parameters. In this section, through the actual COVID-19 data from Hubei province, the PSO algorithm is utilized to estimate the parameters of the proposed SEIR model to fit the real situation. The initial values setting of SEIR model is presented in Table 4 , where N is the total population of Hubei affected by the COVID-19 epidemic in January 24th, 2020, and E is calculated based on the number of confirmed patients. Moreover, the control measures for containing the Error ×10 4 Fig. 3 The error convergence curve of PSO algorithm in the inhibition stage outbreak are more and more powerful; thus, the system parameter should be time varying variables. doi = 10.1007/s11071-020-05743-y id = cord-018947-d4im0p9e author = Helbing, Dirk title = Challenges in Economics date = 2012-02-10 keywords = agent; approach; economic; example; model; problem; social; system summary = doi = 10.1007/978-3-642-24004-1_16 id = cord-311558-1y6z8qso author = Henry, Caitlin title = Palliative Space-Time: Expanding and Contracting Geographies of US Health Care date = 2020-09-19 keywords = Care; Medicaid; Medicare; health; system summary = Developed out of research on the impacts of hospital restructuring on workers, patients, and communities, this paper aims to understand how health care financing, care needs for the ageing, and new geographies of health services are intertwined. I paired this news analysis with a review of secondary literature (primarily from health economics and public health) focusing on studies done since 1982 on the impacts of the prospective payment system on hospital financing and the use and cost effectiveness of hospice. Finally, I apply the idea of palliative space-time to these contradictory J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f changes, to reveal a death-focused logic at work in US health care today and consider what alternative possibilities exist. PST is useful for understanding the implications of those two legislative changes of the early 1980s: the callous palliative state of the health care system, with the care-full service of hospice. doi = 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113377 id = cord-011871-hlykwius author = Himmler, Sebastian title = Willingness to pay for an early warning system for infectious diseases date = 2020-03-16 keywords = Hungary; WTP; system; value summary = As a first step to determine whether investing in such a system offers value for money, this study used contingent valuation to estimate people''s willingness to pay for such an early warning system in six European countries. Overall, our results indicate that approximately 80–90% of people would be willing to pay for an increase in health safety in the form of an early warning system for infectious diseases and food-borne outbreaks. To estimate the WTP for an international integrated early warning system for infectious diseases and food-borne outbreaks, we conducted contingent valuation experiments utilising general population samples from six European countries: Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, and the UK. To estimate the value of an international integrated early warning system for infectious diseases and food-borne outbreaks aimed at increasing health safety, we developed a two-stage contingent valuation experiment. doi = 10.1007/s10198-020-01171-2 id = cord-332432-q7u943k6 author = Hofkirchner, Wolfgang title = A paradigm shift for the Great Bifurcation date = 2020-06-30 keywords = Hofkirchner; information; level; social; system summary = doi = 10.1016/j.biosystems.2020.104193 id = cord-018917-7px75s3c author = Hopkins, Richard S. title = Informatics in Disease Prevention and Epidemiology date = 2013-07-29 keywords = case; disease; health; surveillance; system summary = doi = 10.1007/978-1-4471-4237-9_14 id = cord-010406-uwt95kk8 author = Hu, Paul Jen-Hwa title = System for Infectious Disease Information Sharing and Analysis: Design and Evaluation date = 2007-07-10 keywords = BioPortal; IDI; University; datum; system summary = Motivated by the importance of infectious disease informatics (IDI) and the challenges to IDI system development and data sharing, we design and implement BioPortal, a Web-based IDI system that integrates cross-jurisdictional data to support information sharing, analysis, and visualization in public health. In this paper, we discuss general challenges in IDI, describe BioPortal''s architecture and functionalities, and highlight encouraging evaluation results obtained from a controlled experiment that focused on analysis accuracy, task performance efficiency, user information satisfaction, system usability, usefulness, and ease of use. To support the surveillance and detection of infectious disease outbreaks by public health professionals, we design and implement the BioPortal system, a web-based IDI system that provides convenient access to distributed, cross-jurisdictional health data pertaining to several major infectious diseases including West Nile virus (WNV), foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), and botulism. doi = 10.1109/titb.2007.893286 id = cord-004995-5jmjejbp author = Hunt, Hamish C. title = Optofluidic integration for microanalysis date = 2007-09-11 keywords = Fig; PDMS; Raman; cell; detection; dna; microfluidic; optical; system summary = Integration of waveguides from which light emerges into a microfluidic channel is an attractive advance upon the use of external lenses or the hybrid integration of individual optical fibres to realise dual-beam traps, in terms of robustness, alignment and potential for mass production. Detection and analysis of chemical and biochemical species in microfluidic systems is challenging due to short optical path-lengths, small sample volumes, and the need to analyse individual particles or molecules. This section reviews optical detection schemes for chemical analysis in microfluidic systems, divided according to the principal optical phenomena employed: scattering, absorption, refractive index, fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, and thermal lensing. Kamei and Wada (2006) built upon earlier work (Kamei et al 2005) demonstrating microfluidic separation of biomolecules, and realised a detection platform shown in Fig. 11 , which included a 2 mm diameter half-ball lens for fluorescence collection, a microstructured interference filter deposited directly on a pin photodiode, and an aperture through the centre of the detector and filter via which excitation light from a 488 nm frequency-doubled VCSEL was introduced. doi = 10.1007/s10404-007-0223-y id = cord-029674-qcu7vm05 author = Ioannidou, Alexandra title = The political economy of adult learning systems date = 2020-07-24 keywords = adult; education; system summary = doi = 10.1007/s40955-020-00166-z id = cord-353787-24c98ug8 author = Jackson, J. A. title = Immunology in wild nonmodel rodents: an ecological context for studies of health and disease date = 2015-04-27 keywords = gata3; immune; infection; natural; study; system summary = Measurement of immune expression may help define individual heterogeneity in infectious disease susceptibility and transmission and facilitate our understanding of infection dynamics and risk in the natural environment; furthermore, it may provide a means of surveillance that can filter individuals carrying previously unknown acute infections of potential ecological or zoonotic importance. Potentiating much of this is the possibility of combining gene expression profiles with analytical tools derived from ecology and systems biology to reverse engineer interaction networks between immune responses, other organismal traits and the environment (including symbiont exposures), revealing regulatory architecture. Studies in wild field voles, briefly reviewed below, have aimed to identify distributional infection patterns associated with different antipathogen strategies in natural populations and to link these to expression signatures in immune-relevant genes. doi = 10.1111/pim.12180 id = cord-256408-bf79lj4f author = Jayasinghe, Saroj title = Social determinants of health inequalities: towards a theoretical perspective using systems science date = 2015-08-25 keywords = SDHI; health; outcome; system summary = doi = 10.1186/s12939-015-0205-8 id = cord-120017-vsoc9v85 author = Jiang, Helen title = Usable Security for ML Systems in Mental Health: A Framework date = 2020-08-18 keywords = security; system; user summary = We aim to weave together threads from different domains, incorporate existing views, and propose new principles and requirements, in an effort to lay out a clear framework where criteria and expectations are established, and are used to make security mechanisms usable for end-users of those ML systems in mental health. In this short paper, we propose that ML systems in mental health use cases, beyond the privacy and security requirements already mandated by legislation''s and regulations -for example, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) [38, 43, 64] in United States, and General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in European Union and its member states'' national laws [11, 12] -should consider properties of usable security proposed by this framework''s four pillars, and be evaluated on their (1)context models, (2)functionality criteria, (3)trustworthiness requirements, and (4)recovery principles across their life cycles. doi = nan id = cord-021248-ui1di3qa author = Jung, Kwangho title = A systematic review of RFID applications and diffusion: key areas and public policy issues date = 2015-09-04 keywords = RFID; privacy; system; tag; technology summary = doi = 10.1186/s40852-015-0010-z id = cord-309379-ml75kvl5 author = Kanger, Laur title = Emergence, consolidation and dominance of meta-regimes: Exploring the historical evolution of mass production (1765–1972) from the deep transitions perspective date = 2020-09-09 keywords = Ford; USA; american; mass; production; regime; rule; system summary = doi = 10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101393 id = cord-338512-vz0jos3f author = Katz, Rebecca title = Redefining syndromic surveillance date = 2011-08-18 keywords = surveillance; syndromic; system summary = By providing an accurate and comprehensive picture of this fieldÕs capabilities, and differentiating among system types, a unified understanding of the syndromic surveillance field can be developed, encouraging the adoption, investment in, and implementation of these systems in settings that need bolstered surveillance capacity, particularly low-and middle-income countries. In addition, any other syndrome of severe illness not included in the above should be notified if an outbreak is of urgent international public health importance'''' [31] ''''[In developing countries,] syndromic surveillance can identify outbreaks that do not fall into pre-established diagnostic categories, a capability essential for prompt control of new or changing diseases'''' [12] Southeast AsiaÕs Early Warning Outbreak Recognition System (EWORS) provides surveillance of 29 non-specific signs and symptoms, which are not grouped into specific syndromes [50] clarified by separating the definition of syndromic surveillance into two separate terms: SBS and SNS. doi = 10.1016/j.jegh.2011.06.003 id = cord-276218-dcg9oq6y author = Kim, Jihoon title = Human organoids: model systems for human biology and medicine date = 2020-07-07 keywords = CRISPR; cell; human; model; organoid; stem; system summary = The use of classical cell line and animal model systems in biomedical research during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries has been successful in many areas, such as improving our understanding of cellular signalling pathways, identifying potential drug targets and guiding the design of candidate drugs for pathologies including cancer and infectious disease. The advent of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology and diverse human AdSC culture methods has made it possible, for the first time, to generate laboratory models specific to an individual 32 . A number of studies have used 3D human stem cell-derived systems, including neurosphere culture and brain organoid models, to reveal the effect of ZIKV infection on human brain development 80, 81 . doi = 10.1038/s41580-020-0259-3 id = cord-336621-0w3rroir author = Kim, Kyoung Ok title = A first step toward understanding patient safety date = 2016-07-25 keywords = patient; safety; system summary = doi = 10.4097/kjae.2016.69.5.429 id = cord-018723-qd9ps3zb author = Kizza, Joseph Migga title = Introduction to Computer Network Vulnerabilities date = 2017-02-21 keywords = security; software; system; vulnerability summary = Among the most frequently mentioned sources of security vulnerability problems in computer networks are design flaws, poor security management, incorrect implementation, Internet technology vulnerability, the nature of intruder activity, the difficulty of fixing vulnerable systems, the limits of effectiveness of reactive solutions, and social engineering [2] . Hardware systems are less susceptible to design flaws than their software counterparts owing to less complexity, which makes them easier to test; limited number of possible inputs and expected outcomes, again making it easy to test and verify; and the long history of hardware engineering. Despite the wails of the critics, major open-source products such as Linux operating system have turned out with few security flaws; still there are fears that hackers can look at the code and perhaps find a way to cause mischief or steal information. doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-55606-2_4 id = cord-025927-caoklx9l author = Kizza, Joseph Migga title = Introduction to Computer Network Vulnerabilities date = 2020-02-07 keywords = security; software; system; vulnerability summary = doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-38141-7_4 id = cord-347566-8x4vwarn author = Klerkx, Laurens title = Supporting food systems transformation: The what, why, who, where and how of mission-oriented agricultural innovation systems date = 2020-08-05 keywords = MAIS; innovation; system summary = We review pertinent literature from innovation, transition and policy sciences, and argue that a mission-oriented agricultural innovation systems (MAIS) approach can help understand how agricultural innovation systems at different geographical scales develop to enable food systems transformation, in terms of forces, catalysts, and barriers in transformative food systems change. We argue that studying AIS as a ''mission-oriented agricultural innovation system'' (MAIS) would enable a better understanding of forces, interactions, catalysts, barriers in transformative food systems change, as so far studies on AIS have rarely engaged with issues such as directionality, power, and the diversity of food systems futures (Hall and Dijkman, 2019; Pigford et al., 2018; Mier et al., 2018) . doi = 10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102901 id = cord-016912-vnx74hft author = Kornguth, S. title = Strategic Actionable Net-Centric Biological Defense System date = 2005 keywords = agent; system; threat summary = doi = 10.1007/1-4020-3384-2_1 id = cord-018902-oninjtsn author = Kowalski, Wladyslaw title = Commercial Buildings date = 2009-07-09 keywords = UVGI; air; building; food; system summary = doi = 10.1007/978-3-642-01999-9_18 id = cord-027120-w6agcu63 author = Lago, André Sousa title = Conversational Interface for Managing Non-trivial Internet-of-Things Systems date = 2020-05-25 keywords = Jarvis; system; user summary = doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-50426-7_29 id = cord-304070-jw1lxwyd author = Lapinsky, Stephen E title = Prospective evaluation of an internet-linked handheld computer critical care knowledge access system date = 2004-10-14 keywords = care; handheld; system summary = We evaluated the feasibility and potential benefits of a handheld computer based knowledge access system linking a central academic intensive care unit (ICU) to multiple community-based ICUs. METHODS: Four community hospital ICUs with 17 physicians participated in this prospective interventional study. Before and after the intervention period, participants underwent simulated patient care scenarios designed to evaluate the information sources they accessed, as well as the speed and quality of their decision making. CONCLUSION: An updateable handheld computer system is feasible as a means of point-of-care access to medical reference material and may improve clinical decision making. In the present study we evaluated whether it would be feasible and effective to provide updateable reference information from a central academic centre to handheld computers used by critical care specialists in community hospitals. Information sources that physicians accessed to make clinical decisions were evaluated during simulated patient care scenarios, completed in the physicians'' own ICU utilizing a computerized patient simulator (SimMan; Laerdal Medical Corporation, Wappingers Falls, NY, USA). doi = 10.1186/cc2967 id = cord-302848-a246wl7f author = Lawler, J. J. title = 4.25 Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies to Reduce Climate Vulnerabilities and Maintain Ecosystem Services date = 2013-12-31 keywords = GHG; United; change; climate; ecosystem; increase; strategy; system; water summary = doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-384703-4.00436-6 id = cord-318119-h0vnfcuq author = Lee, S. H. title = Site verification and modeling of desiccant-based system as an alternative to conventional air-conditioning systems for wet markets date = 2013-06-15 keywords = Hong; Kong; system summary = A parametric study under various ventilation rates indicated that use of desiccant cooling system in wet markets in hot and humid Hong Kong would lead to energy and energy cost savings, as well as CO2 emission reduction amounting from 1% to 13%. Energy simulation based on the site survey results (including occupancy, lighting and small power densities and occupation patterns), average space air-conditions as indoor set-point conditions (25.2 C dry-bulb and 65.8% RH), building envelop details (Table 1) , and physical geometry of the wet-market were input to EnergyPlus for simulating the annual energy use of the major equipments. The study results revealed that use of desiccant cooling system in wet markets in hot and humid Hong Kong would lead to energy, energy cost and CO 2 emission reduction up to 13% when the ventilation rate is 20 L/s/person. doi = 10.1016/j.energy.2013.04.029 id = cord-323251-yd29gk7q author = Li, Kin Fun title = Smart home technology for telemedicine and emergency management date = 2012-05-11 keywords = home; smart; system summary = Using the appropriate sensing apparatus at a smart home setting, patients, elderlies and people with disabilities can have their health signals and information examined on a real-time and archival basis. The associated Borboleta system enables healthcare professionals to use PDAs (personal digital assistants) and mobile communication technologies for providing on-site home healthcare and improving the quality of public health services. One can view sensors being the foundation and communication networks as the pillars of a building, supporting various telemedicine applications under the roof to facilitate and provide a smart home environment to individuals, as shown in Fig. 1 . Applications of smart telemedicine technologies for specific diseases, emergency management, and the elderly and physically challenged, are presented in Sect. Many telemedicine systems leverage the latest mobile and wireless communication technologies as well as the widely available internet infrastructure to deliver quality services to home patients (Castro et al. doi = 10.1007/s12652-012-0129-8 id = cord-304013-nzigx0k0 author = Lipinski, Tom title = Review of ventilation strategies to reduce the risk of disease transmission in high occupancy buildings date = 2020-09-13 keywords = COVID-19; Natural; SARS; Ventilation; air; system; transmission summary = This paper will discuss the factors affecting air particle properties in-terms of flow dynamics and critically analyse current ventilation strategies and mechanisms and identify areas for improvement in the search for the reduction of indoor infections. The study by the University of Oregon [54, 58] observed that Natural Ventilation with a plentiful supply of fresh air dilutes and removes contaminated air much more effectively than fan driven, recirculated air movement, significantly reducing the risk of infection, as shown in Figure 17 . Displacement ventilation with a generously sized natural inlet is preferred as it can move stale, contaminated air directly to the exhaust of the room in a laminar fashion whilst the concentration of small droplets and airborne particles in the indoor air is significantly reduced. doi = 10.1016/j.ijft.2020.100045 id = cord-294877-bbs8a8jz author = Liu, ChuanPeng title = A glimpse of enzymology within the idea of systems date = 2012-09-27 keywords = PTM; biological; dna; enzyme; system summary = Fortunately, applications of new techniques and, in particular, wide acceptance of the idea of systems have enabled enzymologists to begin studying enzymes in the context of dynamic, complicated biological systems in recent years. Although these enzymes had been extensively studied, the results presented in three recently published articles indicate that their biological functions are still to be clarified. [23] investigated the po-tential effect of all the known nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) of human phase II metabolizing enzyme on protein function, and identified many residues that are likely to be functionally critical, but have not yet been studied experimentally. While molecular level research on biological systems has evolved from investigating individual enzymes or pathways to studies on biological networks and even ecological networks, a new challenge for biologists is to add a dynamic property to the constructed networks. doi = 10.1007/s11427-012-4371-2 id = cord-032561-x3qbqy69 author = Liu, Gengqi title = Stimulus-Responsive Nanomedicines for Disease Diagnosis and Treatment date = 2020-09-02 keywords = DOX; Delivery; Drug; Enzyme; GSH; NIR; ROS; Redox; responsive; system summary = demonstrated that nanodrug carriers with diselenides could release more drugs using poly (ester carbamate) triblock copolymers (PAUR-Se-Se) with Se-Se bonds compared with poly (ester carbamate) triblock copolymers (PAUR-S-S) [54, 55] Thioether Selenium Tellurium Besides the development of drug delivery systems, pH-responsive systems can also be used for tumor detection and image-guided surgery [46] . demonstrated that nanodrug carriers with diselenides could release more drugs using poly (ester carbamate) triblock copolymers (PAUR-Se-Se) with Se-Se bonds compared with poly (ester carbamate) triblock copolymers (PAUR-S-S) [65] PBA/PBE Besides the development of drug delivery systems, pH-responsive systems can also be used for tumor detection and image-guided surgery [46] . Therefore, pH responsive system can be combined with other stimulus conditions such as light, redox, enzymes and others with the aim of improved selectivity for drug release in diseased tissues [47, 48] . In addition to photothermal therapy and PDT, light-responsive strategies have also been applied in the design of prodrug systems and drug delivery carriers. doi = 10.3390/ijms21176380 id = cord-311651-v2ff33jd author = Long, Nathaniel title = Contributions of Health Professions Students to Health System Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Potential Strategies and Process for U.S. Medical Schools date = 2020-07-15 keywords = COVID-19; health; system summary = Health System Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Potential Strategies and Process for U.S. Medical Schools communication with frontline physician educators-to develop strategies for leveraging student capabilities and contributions. In this article, we (1) articulate 4 categories in which medical students can contribute to the work of U.S. AHCs and the wellness of their communities; (2) describe the educational benefits for learners and the alignment with health systems science (HSS) competencies; and (3) highlight a process for coproduction between students, medical schools, and the health system. 28 Those students who developed an evolved skill set-serving as patient navigators for individuals in need, obtaining White and Yellow Belt certifications in Operational Excellence, 29 and honing a nascent systems-based perspective toward health care practice-are the same students who have been organizing themselves to perform similar and additional roles during the COVID-19 pandemic. doi = 10.1097/acm.0000000000003611 id = cord-321346-epsp3bbm author = Luppa, Peter B. title = Point-of-care testing (POCT): Current techniques and future perspectives date = 2011-03-21 keywords = POCT; USA; laboratory; patient; system summary = In contrast to this centralization and increased efficiency in laboratory diagnostics, there has been a recent trend towards a more decentralized diagnostic analysis, so-called point-of-care testing (POCT), which occurs directly at patientsÕ beds, in operating theatres or outpatient clinics, or at sites of accidents. Clinical pathology as a discipline needs to be responsible for this field, since adherence to quality-management systems ensures accurate, reliable biochemical-test results for optimal patient care and safety, regardless of whether the individual test is performed in a central laboratory or as POCT at the bedside [2] . These instruments are generally more complex than unit-use machines and use different analytical principles [1] : spectrophotometric substrate and enzyme-activity measurement; hematological particle counting; immunoassay; and, sensor-based blood-gas analysis tailored for special POCT applications. doi = 10.1016/j.trac.2011.01.019 id = cord-002474-2l31d7ew author = Lv, Yang title = Actual measurement, hygrothermal response experiment and growth prediction analysis of microbial contamination of central air conditioning system in Dalian, China date = 2017-04-03 keywords = Cladosporium; air; model; system summary = title: Actual measurement, hygrothermal response experiment and growth prediction analysis of microbial contamination of central air conditioning system in Dalian, China Based on the data of Cladosporium in hygrothermal response experiment, this paper used the logistic equation and the Gompertz equation to fit the growth predictive model of Cladosporium genera in different temperature and relative humidity conditions, and the square root model was fitted based on the two environmental factors. Besides, according to the tested microbial density and the identified genome sequence of collected microorganisms, the hygrothermal response experiment of dominant fungal was detected, and the fitting analysis was carried out based on the prediction model, followed by a series of statistical analysis. The unit A showed the obvious microbial contamination status, though all components and airborne microorganism meet the Hygienic specification of central air conditioning ventilation system in public buildings of China 22 . doi = 10.1038/srep44190 id = cord-027387-5ga212w8 author = Ma, Yibing title = Smart Fire Alarm System with Person Detection and Thermal Camera date = 2020-05-25 keywords = Fig; fire; system summary = doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-50436-6_26 id = cord-296129-rkadl46r author = MacFall, Janet title = Toward resilient food systems through increased agricultural diversity and local sourcing in the Carolinas date = 2015-09-18 keywords = Carolina; Department; North; farm; food; system summary = Finally, a distributed food supply network supported with diverse agricultural products can increase resilience by providing access to diversified markets for producers and improved food access to consumers with more food choices, while expanding the need for skilled jobs supporting the regionally based food industry. As the two models below, North Carolina Central Piedmont Network and the South Carolina Food Hub demonstrate, decentralized models that link producers to consumers provide opportunities for farmers that utilize high-yield, low input techniques such as biointensive and other agroecological techniques a convenient and reasonable access to markets. Using biological and agricultural diversity to expand locally based, sustainable farming systems, foster new farmers and food entrepreneurs, and build distributed aggregation, processing and marketing networks that focus on triple bottom line benefits-environmental, social, and economic-have the potential to strengthen our food security and our communities, providing resilience to both acute and long-term stress. doi = 10.1007/s13412-015-0321-1 id = cord-018688-gvk9uazp author = Magid, Avi title = The Role of Informal Digital Surveillance Systems Before, During and After Infectious Disease Outbreaks: A Critical Analysis date = 2018-03-23 keywords = GPHIN; Google; system summary = doi = 10.1007/978-94-024-1263-5_14 id = cord-277918-a2iisve0 author = Malik, Asif Iqbal title = Disruption management in a constrained multi-product imperfect production system date = 2020-06-26 keywords = disruption; production; system summary = doi = 10.1016/j.jmsy.2020.05.015 id = cord-259958-46e7xb7b author = Marfori, Cherie Q. title = Reliability and Validity of Two Surgical Prioritization Systems for Reinstating Non-Emergent Benign Gynecologic Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-30 keywords = Gyn; SSP; system summary = doi = 10.1016/j.jmig.2020.07.024 id = cord-260985-ria9v2p6 author = McDarby, Geraldine title = The global pool of simulation exercise materials in health emergency preparedness and response: a scoping review with a health system perspective date = 2019-07-29 keywords = health; material; system summary = doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001687 id = cord-027721-hpzs6fvf author = Mcheick, Hamid title = Context-Aware Healthcare Adaptation Model for COPD Diseases date = 2020-05-31 keywords = COPD; system summary = In this article, we are combining the healthcare telemonitoring systems with the context awareness and self-adaptation paradigm to provide a self-adaptive framework architecture for COPD patients. Based on this healthcare requirement, we realized the need of combining context awareness and self-adaptation with health telemonitoring, which will give our system the ability to be aware of the patient''s data and context, then to adapt the required changes and act accordingly. In this paper, we have presented an architecture for a context-aware self-adaptive system that is used to develop a COPD healthcare telemonitoring system. Our main contribution in this work is providing a context-aware self-adaptive system architecture that is dealing with the huge variety and complexity of contextual data and different sets of services by implementing a decentralized adaptation unit, which makes the monitoring and adaptation task easier and less complex by applying the separation of concerns principle. Towards a generic context-aware framework for self-adaptation of service-oriented architectures doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-51517-1_27 id = cord-294784-r84td2i0 author = Meessen, Bruno title = Health system governance: welcoming the reboot date = 2020-08-10 keywords = governance; health; system summary = ► The focus on collective agency broadens the perspective for action: the governance of the health system is not only about the ministry of health doing well certain things, it is about groups of individuals being able to organise their collective action, through the state, but also through other mechanisms. Our proposition is to organise the analysis around four main sets of variables: (1) the set of collective action problems to solve (let us call it P) (2) the group of individuals facing this P (G),(3) the set of possible actions (A) that members of G can take at a time t in order to handle P and (4) the conditions (C) determining the choice set A. The set of possible actions A is itself determined by a set of conditions (C): the size and composition of G, the nature, quantity and distribution of resources (including information and trust) endowed by its members, their preferences, organisations (eg, the ministry of health) and other institutional arrangements in place, as well as external factors such as available technology or security. doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002404 id = cord-195224-7zfq0kxm author = Menda, Kunal title = Scalable Identification of Partially Observed Systems with Certainty-Equivalent EM date = 2020-06-20 keywords = system summary = Autoregressive approaches directly map a time-history of past inputs to observations, without explicitly reasoning about unobserved states (Billings, 2013) , and are the stateof-the-art approach to the aforementioned problem of modeling the aerobatic helicopter (Punjani & Abbeel, 2015) . Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) (BailerJones et al., 1998; Zimmermann & Neuneier, 2000) are a form of black-box non-linear SSM that can be fit to observation and input time-series, and Subspace Identification (SID) methods (Van Overschee & De Moor, 1994) can be used to fit linear SSMs. However, in many cases prior knowledge can be used to specify structured, parametric models of the system (Gupta et al., 2019; in state-space form, commonly refered to as gray-box models. • CE-EM can be faster and more reliable than approaches using particle approximations, • CE-EM scales to high-dimensional problems, and, • CE-EM learns unbiased parameter estimates on deterministic systems with unimodal p(x 1:T | y 1:T ). doi = nan id = cord-325110-cfo5f99l author = Mirchi, Nykan title = Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Re-Envisioning Surgical Education in Response to COVID-19 date = 2020-09-10 keywords = surgical; system summary = Advances in high-fidelity simulations provide residents with new opportunities to practice surgical skills and mitigate the challenges faced by current training paradigms including minimal access to standardized and objective feedback. However, the development and integration of virtual reality simulation in surgical education has been limited, especially in fields involving complex bimanual operative skills such as neurosurgery. These systems, in combination with virtual reality simulators, allow important surgical training to continue even during a pandemic. [2] [3] [4] The Virtual Operative Assistant, an intelligent tutoring system powered by machine learning for neurosurgical simulation, discusses the limitations and challenges of this technology. An important factor when re-envisioning surgical education with automated teaching is how to accomplish a smooth integration of intelligent tutoring systems into current technical skills training. Artificial intelligence in medical education: best practices using machine learning to assess surgical expertise in virtual reality simulation doi = 10.1017/cjn.2020.202 id = cord-286858-zbhtl2yn author = Mishra, B. title = tamasomā jyotirgamaya: Seeking the Self Amidst Covids’ Cytokine Cyclones date = 2020-10-22 keywords = HLA; cell; game; signal; system summary = In other words, as part of the innate immune system, sender agent, a dendritic cell (DC), in a multicellular organism that recognizes an appropriate DAMP/PAMP combination could signal receiver agent, a macrophage (M ), to engulf and digest foreign substances (associated with the molecular patterns, AMP) in an action process called phagocytosis. " We hope to simplify the model by formulating the innate immune system as a signaling game 4 , 6 , which, though prone to deception, can be critically tamed by the education, surveillance, and memory acquired by the adaptive immune system; the education of the adaptive immune system, though highly costly, can also be hijacked by a deceptively simple virus and points to a need for a better understanding of how the system behaves among various hosts (bats and humans with diverse HLA types). It is possible to study the immune systems as a signaling game whose Nash equilibria separate two types: self and non-self. doi = 10.1007/s41745-020-00186-1 id = cord-324944-ixh3ykrc author = Mitsakakis, Konstantinos title = Diagnostic tools for tackling febrile illness and enhancing patient management date = 2018-12-05 keywords = Fig; PCR; POC; RNA; amplification; detection; diagnostic; dna; patient; sample; system; test summary = This review gives an overview of diagnostic technologies featuring a platform based approach: (i) assay (nucleic acid amplification technologies are examined); (ii) cartridge (microfluidic technologies are presented); (iii) instrument (various detection technologies are discussed); and at the end proposes a way that such technologies can be interfaced with electronic clinical decision-making algorithms towards a broad and complete diagnostic ecosystem. In studies that have recorded the clinical presentation of patients (and not only their laboratory results), the causes of fever in outpatients could be classified into four main syndromes: 1) acute respiratory infections (ARI, of any type); 2) diarrhea (gastroenteritis); 3) fever with another clear focus (e.g. meningitis or skin infection); and 4) non-specific fevers [13] (each diagnostic platform described in Section 5 focuses on at least one of the aforementioned cases). doi = 10.1016/j.mee.2018.10.001 id = cord-189096-85v2jgx0 author = Muhlenbach, Fabrice title = A Methodology for Ethics-by-Design AI Systems: Dealing with Human Value Conflicts date = 2020-10-15 keywords = diversity; system; value summary = doi = nan id = cord-318509-zwb758cg author = Nenonen, Suvi title = Don''t adapt, shape! Use the crisis to shape your minimum viable system – And the wider market date = 2020-07-31 keywords = Nenonen; Storbacka; market; shape; system summary = We outline a generic process of market-shaping, comprising eight steps: (1) determining whether to act now or actively wait, (2) deciding whether to be a shaper or a supporter, (3) developing a scalable vision for the future market, (4) recognizing the minimum viable system linked to this vision, (5) driving changes in market-level properties, (6) securing that value is quantified and shared, (7) inviting actor engagement for implementation, and (8) defending against possible retaliations from threatened market systems. In this section we synthesize the current notions in the emerging literature on market-shaping and shaping strategies (cf., Nenonen & Storbacka, 2018; Patvardhan & Ramachandran, 2020) into a marketshaping process, comprising eight steps: (1) determining whether to act now or actively wait, (2) deciding whether to be a shaper or a supporter, (3) developing a scalable vision for the future market, (4) recognizing the minimum viable system linked to this vision, (5) driving changes in market-level properties, (6) securing that value is quantified and shared, (7) inviting actor engagement for implementation, and (8) defending against possible retaliations from threatened market systems. doi = 10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.05.022 id = cord-026881-57mx3thr author = Neuwirth, Rostam J. title = GAIA 2048—A ‘Glocal Agency in Anthropocene’: Cognitive and Institutional Change as ‘Legal Science Fiction’ date = 2020-03-28 keywords = WTO; change; global; law; system; trade summary = doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-45428-9_5 id = cord-300467-zht8olyh author = Nkengasong, John N. title = Laboratory Systems and Services Are Critical in Global Health: Time to End the Neglect? date = 2010-09-01 keywords = AIDS; laboratory; system summary = To sustainably strengthen national laboratory systems in resource-poor countries, the following approaches are needed: (1) developing integrative national laboratory strategic plans and policies and building systems to address multiple diseases; (2) establishing public-private partnerships; (3) ensuring effective leadership, commitment, and coordination by host governments of efforts of donors and partners; (4) establishing and/or strengthening centers of excellence and field epidemiology and laboratory training programs to meet shortand medium-term training and retention goals; and (5) establishing affordable, scalable, and effective laboratory accreditation schemes to ensure quality of laboratory tests and bridge the gap between clinicians and laboratory experts on the use of test results. doi = 10.1309/ajcpmpsinq9brmu6 id = cord-257623-j8dqvbqw author = Norris, Ken title = Biodiversity Conservation and the Earth System: Mind the Gap date = 2020-07-07 keywords = Earth; conservation; scale; system summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tree.2020.06.010 id = cord-267978-05hxrpi1 author = Nuzzo, Jennifer B. title = What makes health systems resilient against infectious disease outbreaks and natural hazards? Results from a scoping review date = 2019-10-17 keywords = Ebola; JEE; health; system summary = METHODS: We conducted a scoping review of the literature to identify recurring themes and capacities needed for health system resiliency to infectious disease outbreaks and natural hazards and any existing implementation frameworks that highlight these capacities. The aim of this scoping review was to draw from existing literature to characterize specific capacities required to build resilient health systems in the face of infectious disease emergencies and natural hazards, with an emphasis on highlighting potential efforts that health system actors (e.g. health facilities and health service delivery organizations that are not always well-integrated in government-led preparedness initiatives) could pursue to achieve desired health outcomes during health crises. We searched the scholarly and grey-literature databases to identify which capacities should be included in a framework for assessing and improving health system resilience to infectious disease outbreaks and natural hazards. doi = 10.1186/s12889-019-7707-z id = cord-005350-19za0msu author = O’Regan, Suzanne M. title = Theory of early warning signals of disease emergenceand leading indicators of elimination date = 2013-05-31 keywords = Fig; SIR; SIS; system summary = Using the stochastic differential equation, we can obtain analytical expressions for statistical signatures of leading indicators and early warning signals, including the power spectrum and autocorrelation function (see Appendix A for details). To investigate the results of this theory for a particular parameter set (Table 7) , we calculated leading indicators of elimination and emergence, assuming alternatively that (a) the mean proportion of infectious individuals is given by the deterministic endemic equilibrium ( → 0 theory) or (b) assuming it is given by the current state of the fast-slow system approaching a transition. We also compared the elimination indicators with those calculated assuming that the mean proportion of infectious individuals was given by the deterministic endemic equilibrium from the limiting case models with no immigration. The goal of our study was to develop the theory of such early warning signals and leading indicators for infectious disease transmission systems that meet the assumptions of the familiar SIS and SIR models and which are forced through a critical transition by changes in transmission. doi = 10.1007/s12080-013-0185-5 id = cord-027101-6wq1wqh3 author = Paszyński, Maciej title = A Massively Parallel Algorithm for the Three-Dimensional Navier-Stokes-Boussinesq Simulations of the Atmospheric Phenomena date = 2020-05-26 keywords = Schur; system summary = doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-50371-0_8 id = cord-323703-fsj736dg author = Patterson, Grace T. title = Moving health to the heart of agri-food policies; mitigating risk from our food systems date = 2020-08-30 keywords = Health; disease; food; system summary = Lack of genetic diversity has become commonplace in our global food systems, within both livestock and crop production (Bennett et al., 2018; Khoury et al., 2014) , and is a risk factor for heightened susceptibility to outbreaks of plant and animal disease. Zoonotic and non-zoonotic disease outbreaks and our responses to the presence or risk of these pathogens can destabilize food systems, leading to increased food insecurity and downstream health and economic effects. Evidence-based health-agri-food policies that support access and uptake of healthy diet and exercise, particularly in communities with high inequality, can help reverse the growing trend towards obesity and minimize morbidity and mortality from infectious disease. Even prior to the COVID-19 pandemic the international community had been aware of the increasing threat from emerging zoonotic pathogens, the ''dual burden'' imposed by endemic zoonoses on livestock productivity and human health, the biological and chemical hazards present in our food and the looming spectre of a post-antibiotic world. doi = 10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100424 id = cord-024088-020rgz5t author = Radandt, Siegfried title = Governance of Occupational Safety and Health and Environmental Risks date = 2008 keywords = analysis; consequence; decision; disease; health; human; information; new; occupational; principle; process; risk; safety; system; value; work summary = Depending on the type of hazard, the three topics, namely, safety, health and the environment, may share the common trait that the proper handling of risks, i.e., how to reduce probabilities and/or consequences of unwanted events is not always possible within a risk management system. A number of new occupational health and safety hazards have already arisen or are foreseen, including problems with the ergonomics of video display units, and musculoskeletal disorders in shoulder-neck and arm-hand systems, information overload, psychological stress, and pressure to learn new skills. Both managers and workers often do not see the need to improve occupational safety and health or ergonomic issues and their possibilities and benefits by reducing or eliminating risks at work. The explanations below present the basic procedure for developing safety-relevant arrangements and solutions, i.e. the thinking and decision-making processes, as well as selecting criteria that are significant for the identification of unwelcome events, the risk of an event, the acceptance limits and the adoption of measures. doi = 10.1007/978-1-4020-8289-4_4 id = cord-280459-y0tbvs3t author = Ramvikas, M. title = Nasal Vaccine Delivery date = 2016-10-07 keywords = antigen; cell; delivery; nasal; system; vaccine summary = Yet developing vaccine delivery systems that induce humoral and cell-mediated response with mucosal immunity has been challenging to date. Nasal delivery of vaccines acts as a "first entry block," that is, blocks the pathogen entry, while invading to the mucosal surface by inducing local microbial-specific immune responses, thus increasing the general efficacy of the vaccine. The nasal route is considered an attractive route for vaccine administration with the following advantages: • Better patient compliance • Numerous microvilli present in the nasal epithelium provide a better absorption surface • Mucosal and systemic immune response can be induced • Easy immunization of large population groups • Nasal immunization does not require needles and syringes Many challenges stand in the way of developing nasal vaccines. Hence a polymer-based micro-/nanoparticulate system can be exploited as a viable nasal vaccine delivery system that is capable of delivering a multitude of antigens at the targeted sites and inducing desired immune response. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-323-39981-4.00015-4 id = cord-330560-amqs5lb6 author = Rana, Sourav title = Paradox of enrichment: A fractional differential approach with memory date = 2013-09-01 keywords = Rosenzweig; fractional; memory; system summary = We conclude that there is a threshold for the memory effect parameter beyond which the Rosenzweig model is stable and may be used as a potential agent to resolve PoE from a new perspective via fractional differential equations. He formulated his model using ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and considered enrichment by increasing the prey-carrying capacity. In other words, fractional dynamic systems in applications can adequately represent some long-term memory and non-local effects that are typical for many anomalous processes [36] . Fractional dynamical systems adequately represent some long-term memory and these non-local effects that are typical for many anomalous processes [36] . Here we considered the Rosenzweig model of PoE to provide a plausible solution from a new perspective that considers the ecological memory that exists for most species. Equilibrium points, stability and numerical solutions of fractional-order predator-prey and rabies models doi = 10.1016/j.physa.2013.03.061 id = cord-020130-g9p5lgmn author = Ratshidi, Lilies title = Categorization of Factors Influencing Community Health Workers from a Socio-Technical Systems Perspective date = 2020-03-10 keywords = factor; health; system summary = The aim is operationalized by means of the best-fit framework synthesis method to explore the body of knowledge towards presenting a conceptual understanding through a categorization of Factors Influencing Community Health Workers from a Socio-Technical Systems Perspective. The study is grounded in social and technical perspectives as it facilitates the duality of the CHWs'' work and community role, further adopts the technique of the "best-fit" framework synthesis method in the exploration. Some of the solutions to achieve what is postulated in the studies include coordinating the health system and community system to prioritize factors that inhibit or facilitate the understanding of CHWs programs'' compatibility with community structures, cultural values, and perception, socio-economic context and support system [20] . In addition, integrating and adopting interventions supported by technological solutions, and the sustainability of these interventions should be considered when exploring efforts until the desired health outcomes are achieved to gain a better understanding of CHWs programs and their roles in LMICs [17] . doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-45002-1_8 id = cord-028866-ci3ypbq8 author = Reindl, Andrea title = Scalable, Decentralized Battery Management System Based on Self-organizing Nodes date = 2020-06-12 keywords = BMS; battery; system summary = doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-52794-5_13 id = cord-349581-o320ogmg author = Robertson, Lindsay J. title = The technological 'exposure' of populations; characterisation and future reduction date = 2020-05-25 keywords = complex; exposure; high; level; population; system summary = doi = 10.1016/j.futures.2020.102584 id = cord-102383-m5ahicqb author = Romano, Alessandra title = Energy dynamics for systemic configurations of virus-host co-evolution date = 2020-05-15 keywords = host; system; virus summary = doi = 10.1101/2020.05.13.092866 id = cord-314779-f5nvspcg author = Roth, Steffen title = East of nature. Accounting for the environments of social sciences date = 2020-06-07 keywords = Luhmann; environment; social; system summary = 1) While the latter focus has early been complemented by or extended to a social systems perspective, the primary goal of ecological economics (EE) has always remained the "sustainable wellbeing of both humans and the rest of nature" (Costanza, 2020, p. Hence, the "recognition that the economy is embedded within society, which is embedded within the rest of nature" (ibid.) is widespread; and even if some reservation might apply to the implication that economy and society belong to the realm of nature, the convention to define sustainability along an economic, social, and ecological or environmental dimension (Basiago, 1995; European Commission, 2001 ) is well-established and has gained particular prominence under the "triple bottom line" label (Elkington, 1994 (Elkington, , 1998 Mauerhofer, 2008; Ahi et al., 2018; Vatn, 2020 ) (see Fig. 1 ). doi = 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106734 id = cord-351490-2fx0w30u author = Russell, Clark D. title = Treatable traits and therapeutic targets: Goals for systems biology in infectious disease date = 2017-04-27 keywords = host; immune; infection; system summary = doi = 10.1016/j.coisb.2017.04.003 id = cord-264749-m1awr1rm author = Saad, Julian M. title = A philosophy of health: life as reality, health as a universal value date = 2020-03-18 keywords = behavior; ease; function; health; level; system summary = The biological immune system, an individual''s system of health behaviors, and the social system will be observed as systems that generate maintainable-ease of functioning in cells, selves, and societies respectively (Fig. 2 ). To observe health at the level of the cell, the self, and the society simultaneously, we consider systems that support maintainable-ease of biological, behavioral, and social functioning. Through this philosophy, one can go beyond biological systems to observe how precision (in the form of hostdefense functions, decision-making/executive functions, and values) and variation (in the form of microbiota functions, habits/habitual life functions, and population-wide behaviors) integrate to generate to maintainable-ease of functioning in cells, selves, and societies simultaneously (Fig. 3) . Similarly, when behavioral and social exposures are not tailored to the needs of individuals and groups, populations can become resistant to healthy change, and health is no longer valued at the level of the self and the society. doi = 10.1057/s41599-020-0420-9 id = cord-286438-jz7gktaz author = Scherer, H. title = Olfactory System date = 2002-11-02 keywords = Michels; olfactory; smell; system summary = doi = 10.1016/b0-08-043076-7/03478-1 id = cord-310288-onr700ue author = Sciubba, Daniel M. title = Scoring system to triage patients for spine surgery in the setting of limited resources: Application to the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond date = 2020-05-29 keywords = COVID-19; case; system summary = title: Scoring system to triage patients for spine surgery in the setting of limited resources: Application to the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond Methods Using a modified Delphi technique, a cohort of 16 fellowship-trained spine surgeons from 10 academic medical centers constructed a scoring system for the triage and prioritization of emergent and elective spine surgeries. Results The devised scoring system included 8 independent components: neurological status, underlying spine stability, presentation of a high-risk post-operative complication, patient medical comorbidities, expected hospital course, expected discharge disposition, facility resource limitations, and local disease burden. Conclusion Here we present the first quantitative urgency scoring system for the triage and prioritizing of spine surgery cases in resource-limited settings. The devised scoring system included 8 independent components: neurological status, underlying 19 spine stability, presentation of a high-risk post-operative complication, patient medical 20 comorbidities, expected hospital course, expected discharge disposition, facility resource 21 limitations, and local disease burden. doi = 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.233 id = cord-134378-p83nhiz9 author = Setlur, Vidya title = Sentifiers: Interpreting Vague Intent Modifiers in Visual Analysis using Word Co-occurrence and Sentiment Analysis date = 2020-09-26 keywords = modifier; system summary = Natural language interaction with data visualization tools often involves the use of vague subjective modifiers in utterances such as"show me the sectors that are performing"and"where is a good neighborhood to buy a house?."Interpreting these modifiers is often difficult for these tools because their meanings lack clear semantics and are in part defined by context and personal user preferences. The interpretation of such modifiers makes it challenging for natural language interfaces to precisely determine the extensions of such concepts and mapping intent to the analytical functions provided in the visual analysis systems. Contribution This paper introduces Sentifiers, 1 a system to explore reasonable interpretations and defaults for such subjective vague modifiers in natural language interfaces for visual analysis. Research exploring the semantics of vague concepts for understanding intent transcends three main categories: (1) Computational Linguistics, (2) Intent and Modifiers in Search Systems, and (3) Natural Language Interaction for Visual Analysis. doi = nan id = cord-027118-2xm8nkmi author = Sevastianov, Leonid A. title = An Effective Stable Numerical Method for Integrating Highly Oscillating Functions with a Linear Phase date = 2020-06-15 keywords = Chebyshev; system summary = An approach based on the fruitful idea of Levin, which allows the use of the collocation method to approximate the slowly oscillating part of the antiderivative of the desired integral, allows reducing the calculation of the integral of a rapidly oscillating function (with a linear phase) to solving a system of linear algebraic equations with a triangular or Hermitian matrix. In particular, the use in specific implementations of the Levin collocation method in the physical space of degenerate Chebyshev differentiation matrices, which also have eigenvalues differing by orders of magnitude, makes it impossible to construct a stable numerical algorithm for solving the resulting SLAEs. The approach to solving the differential equation of the Levin method, described in [5, 6, 8] , is based on the approximation of the solution, as well as the integrand phase and amplitude functions in the form of expansion into finite series in Chebyshev polynomials. doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-50417-5_3 id = cord-290448-oeeg754b author = Shah, Darshil title = Improvising the surgical helmet system for aerosol-generating procedures in the OR: Surgeon designed 3D printed mould for augmented filtration system date = 2020-09-24 keywords = helmet; system summary = title: Improvising the surgical helmet system for aerosol-generating procedures in the OR: Surgeon designed 3D printed mould for augmented filtration system 3. RESULT: The helmet provided adequate comfort, showed no evidence of staining on spill test and the filter passed the industry filtration efficiency standards. Reaming, lavage, and use of saw ( Figure 1 ) have all shown to produce aerosols that vary in size from 0.7 -5 microns [1, 3] Surgical helmet systems are routinely used by arthroplasty surgeons to reduce the peri-operative infection rates and were also used as personal protective equipment [2, 3, 4] . This paper describes the process of designing and applying 3D printing technology to enhance the functionality of the surgical helmet system for use during the pandemic period. The 3D printed mould for filter placement is an inexpensive, efficient, and comfortable design to augment the personal protection of the Stryker helmet system. doi = 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.09.030 id = cord-347241-9jn5agir author = Shahzad, Arfan title = Effects of COVID-19 in E-learning on higher education institution students: the group comparison between male and female date = 2020-08-04 keywords = information; quality; system summary = This study focuses on comparisons between male and female counterparts on E-learning portal usage among university students during the COVID-2019 period. The current study focuses on the male and female user satisfaction and E-learning system use toward the E-learning portal success of the Malaysian universities. The purpose of the present study to investigate the effect of information quality, system quality, and service quality toward user satisfaction and E-learning system use impact on the E-learning portal success. In the present research, the comparison between male and female students is measured based on E-learning portal success. In this model, the "system Quality" construct depicts "technical success." In contrast, the "Information quality" variable demonstrate "semantic success," while the other four elements "use," "user satisfaction," "individual impact," and "organizational impact" show "effectiveness success." Therefore, this study focus on male students'' comparison with female students on the E-learning portal. doi = 10.1007/s11135-020-01028-z id = cord-263450-v6vdg8os author = Shegogue, Daniel title = Object-oriented biological system integration: a SARS coronavirus example date = 2005-05-15 keywords = SARS; object; system summary = Results: By applying an adapted, sequential software engineering process, a complex biological system (severe acquired respiratory syndrome-coronavirus viral infection) has been reverse-engineered and represented as an object-oriented software system. In addition, applying a well-defined software engineering process and object-oriented methodology provide an effective means to capture specifications from experimental data and integrate the biological system information. Finally, this process provides a guideline for the development of an integrated biological system, represented as an object-oriented software architecture, in a widely accepted objectoriented modeling language (such as UML), which can facilitate communication about complex systems among software engineers, biologists and other users. To demonstrate the efficacy of a well-defined software engineering process in the translation of a biological system to a model grounded in object-oriented principles, we used UML in the development of a severe acquired respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) model. doi = 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti344 id = cord-319828-9ru9lh0c author = Shi, Shuyun title = Applications of Blockchain in Ensuring the Security and Privacy of Electronic Health Record Systems: A Survey date = 2020-07-15 keywords = EHR; access; blockchain; datum; healthcare; system summary = doi = 10.1016/j.cose.2020.101966 id = cord-355130-a2jc1g0i author = Shrivastava, Paul title = Transforming Sustainability Science to Generate Positive Social and Environmental Change Globally date = 2020-04-24 keywords = Earth; change; research; science; sustainability; system summary = These universal agreements reflect a global consensus to address climate change and strive for sustainable and balanced social and economic development that promotes the well-being of socio-ecological systems. In this Perspective, we argue that in order to generate positive social and environmental changes globally, sustainability science must transform into a transdisciplinary enterprise. The evolution of what is now known as sustainability science has been important, but clearly it is not yet enough to play a pivotal role in social transformations needed for human preservation in the face of accelerating changes of the Anthropocene. Not only has failure to integrate important insights from the social sciences and environmental humanities limited the perceived ''''solution space'''' for responding to global challenges, but sustainability science has also failed to engage with the ''''how'''' of transformative change. doi = 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.04.010 id = cord-017062-dkw2sugl author = Singh, Indu title = Delivery Systems for Lymphatic Targeting date = 2013-10-08 keywords = drug; liposome; lymphatic; node; system; target summary = doi = 10.1007/978-1-4614-9434-8_20 id = cord-018038-gqdylj6n author = Snyder, William M. title = Our World as a Learning System: A Communities-of-Practice Approach date = 2010 keywords = Bank; community; learning; practice; system summary = doi = 10.1007/978-1-84996-133-2_7 id = cord-223669-hs5pfg4b author = Song, Jinyue title = Blockchain Meets COVID-19: A Framework for Contact Information Sharing and Risk Notification System date = 2020-07-20 keywords = Bluetooth; Contract; system; user summary = doi = nan id = cord-322511-hnvqvajx author = Speerin, Robyn title = Implementing models of care for musculoskeletal conditions in health systems to support value-based care date = 2020-07-25 keywords = care; health; implementation; system summary = MoCs can support the quadruple aim of value-based care through providing people with musculoskeletal disease improved access to health services, better health outcomes and satisfactory experience of their healthcare; ensure the health professionals involved are experiencing satisfaction in delivering such care and health system resources are better utilised. MoCs can support the quadruple aim of value-based care through providing people with musculoskeletal disease improved access to health services, better health outcomes and satisfactory experience of their healthcare; ensure the health professionals involved are experiencing satisfaction in delivering such care and health system resources are better utilised. Implementing models of care to support value-based care When MoCs are developed as described in this paper and a quality improvement cycle is used, such as an established framework for evaluation [18] , they can provide clear evidence for health systems and policy-makers when making decisions regarding equitable use of resources that will optimise health system outcomes across the quadruple aim for value-based care. doi = 10.1016/j.berh.2020.101548 id = cord-310872-2z1wnj63 author = Spellberg, Brad title = Alignment With Market Forces: The “Re-Whithering” of Infectious Diseases date = 2020-06-20 keywords = American; system summary = Approximately 35 years after Dr. Petersdorf first asked the question, we find ourselves once again wondering, "Whither Infectious Diseases?" To answer this question, and align with predominant US market forces, ID experts should push for the following: (1) restrictions regarding utilization of ID diagnostics and antimicrobial agents; (2) pay-for-performance measures regarding antimicrobial prescribing rates; and (3) healthcare reform as called for by the American College of Physicians to move away from fee-for-service medicine. Infectious diseases practitioners may be better at diagnosing and treating infections than those who practice other specialties, but to what financial advantage to healthcare systems that hang on by their fingernails with operating margins under 2% [16, 17] ? First, ID practitioners have unique expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of infections, which can lead to less antimicrobial resistance and superinfections, better outcomes, and lower cost for patients and health systems. doi = 10.1093/ofid/ofaa245 id = cord-326210-216atclj author = Sturmberg, Joachim P. title = COVID‐19 – how a pandemic reveals that everything is connected to everything else date = 2020-07-06 keywords = COVID-19; dynamic; system summary = doi = 10.1111/jep.13419 id = cord-029880-mhmvc0kq author = Sy, Charlle title = Policy Development for Pandemic Response Using System Dynamics: a Case Study on COVID-19 date = 2020-07-29 keywords = COVID-19; outbreak; system summary = doi = 10.1007/s41660-020-00130-x id = cord-209166-1drg5gzp author = Tah, Rajdeep title = Study of the Curvature of Liquid Surface surrounding a Rotating Spherical Object in Gravity Free Space date = 2020-08-26 keywords = force; system summary = doi = nan id = cord-287765-nsdequl9 author = Taiwo, Olutosin title = Smart healthcare support for remote patient monitoring during covid-19 quarantine date = 2020-09-15 keywords = doctor; home; patient; system summary = To this end, a remote smart home healthcare support system (ShHeS) is proposed for monitoring patients'' health status and receiving doctors'' prescriptions while staying at home. In this paper, we propose a mobile application-based prototype smart home healthcare system for efficient and effective health monitoring for the elderly and disabled for their convenient and independent living while at home. Smart home automation as an emerging area of IoT has been applied in various areas such as: easy and assisted daily living especially for the provision of support to humans [17] , remote control of home appliances [18, 19] , detection of movement in the house [20] , energy management in the home [21] and security [22] , and provision of healthcare services to out-patients, disabled and elderly persons [10, 23, 24] . The proposed system described in our work is intended to perform a dual function of controlling home appliances as well as monitoring and recording the patient''s physiological data such as blood pressure, body temperature, pulse rate, body weight and sugar level and other symptoms related to a specific virus. doi = 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100428 id = cord-298064-itxuyetu author = Tang, Rong title = The state of practice of COVID‐19 tracking systems: An inventory study date = 2020-10-22 keywords = system summary = Key findings include the frequency distribution of the systems'' web domain names, the countries where the systems were created, the languages they support, the visual display format, the map platforms, and the data sources. According to The World Health Organization (WHO), the objectives of COVID-19 surveillance systems include: "(a) monitor trends in the disease where human-to-human transmission occurs; (b) rapidly detect new cases in countries where the virus is not circulating; (c) provide epidemiological information to conduct risk assessments at the national, regional and global levels; (d) provide epidemiological information to guide preparedness and response measures" (WHO, 2020). Data visualization features and display format were documented in terms of the presence or absence of maps, tables, various chart formats including line charts, column charts, bar graphs, area charts, and pie charts. doi = 10.1002/pra2.397 id = cord-024329-r8mi42fu author = Tarasiev, Andrey title = Using of Open-Source Technologies for the Design and Development of a Speech Processing System Based on Stemming Methods date = 2020-05-05 keywords = system; word summary = doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-47240-5_10 id = cord-017543-60q9iecq author = Tian, Wei-Chang title = Microfluidic Applications in Biodefense date = 2008-08-23 keywords = PCR; amplification; bacillus; detection; device; dna; microfluidic; sample; system summary = Sections cover microscale sample preparation methods; immunomagnetic separations and immunoassays; proteomics; polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR (qPCR) and other nucleic acid amplification methods; DNA microarrays, microelectrophoresis, and finally integrated Lab-on-a-Chip systems. The intent of JBAIDS Block III, Next Generation Diagnostics (NGD), is to establish a new system incorporating the capabilities of Block I and Block II capabilities (Table 10 .1) and adding immunoassay capabilities and the ability to identify up to 50 agents including toxins in 15 minutes using automated, miniaturized sample preparation integrated with analysis for nucleic acids and proteins, in a hand held or smaller format. They will need to be completely automated or simple to use; incorporate advanced technologies including sample preparation starting from primary samples (aerosols, blood, etc.), molecular detection, automation, microfluidics, and bioinformatics; reduce reagent consumption and space requirements; and provide cost and performance advantages compared to present systems. doi = 10.1007/978-0-387-09480-9_10 id = cord-264974-hspek930 author = Timmis, Kenneth title = The COVID‐19 pandemic: some lessons learned about crisis preparedness and management, and the need for international benchmarking to reduce deficits date = 2020-05-03 keywords = COVID-19; SARS; crisis; health; pandemic; system summary = If, despite the explicit warning of the World Health Organization in 2011 that ''The world is ill-prepared to respond to a severe influenza pandemic or to any similarly global, sustained and threatening public-health emergency'' (https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA64/A64_10en.pdf), it was not apparent to those in charge, and to the general public-i.e., those suffering from COVID-19 infections and the funders of health services (tax/insurance payers)-that existing health systems had inherent vulnerabilities which could prove to be devastating when seriously stressed, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (e.g., see Brüssow, 2020 ) has brutally exposed it now. International benchmarking is mandatory, because it has become clear that there is a wide range of effectiveness in the ability of different countries with developed economies to respond to this crisis (and probably others), and the tax-paying public has no compelling reason to tolerate perpetuation of factors underlying poor responses to crises. doi = 10.1111/1462-2920.15029 id = cord-263261-xhem8l39 author = Tulchinsky, Theodore H. title = Bismarck and the Long Road to Universal Health Coverage date = 2018-03-30 keywords = Canada; Health; National; States; United; World; care; country; system summary = doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-804571-8.00031-7 id = cord-333599-hl11ln2r author = Tulchinsky, Theodore H. title = Planning and Managing Health Systems date = 2014-10-10 keywords = Public; USA; care; chapter; health; management; organization; service; system summary = Planning and management are changing in the era of the New Public Health with advances in prevention and treatment of disease, population health needs, innovative technologies such as genetic engineering, new immunizations that prevent cancers and infectious diseases, prevention of non-communicable diseases, environmental and nutritional health, and health promotion to reduce risk factors and improve healthful living for the individual and the community. Selection of the direction to be taken in organizing health services is usually based on a mix of factors, including the political view of the government, public opinion, and rational assessment of needs as indicated through epidemiological data, cost-benefit analysis, the experience of "good public health practice" from leading countries, and recommendations by expert groups. Health is a knowledge-based service industry, so that knowledge management and information technology are extremely important parts of the New Public Health, not only in patient care systems in hospitals, but also in public health delivery systems in the community, school, place of work, and home. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-415766-8.00012-4 id = cord-013377-d4tbf05a author = Ungurean, Ioan title = A Software Architecture for the Industrial Internet of Things—A Conceptual Model date = 2020-09-30 keywords = DDS; internet; system; thing summary = The main contributions of this paper are the proposal and description of a complete IIoT software architecture, the use of a unified address space, and the use of the computing platform based on SoC (System on Chip) with specialized co-processors in order to be able to execute in real-time certain time-critical operations specific to the industrial environment. In the specialized literature, several reference architectures for IoT and IIoT are proposed, but these are abstract models which do not deal with how to integrate things from the industrial environment, especially as in this environment are used communication systems (fieldbuses) with specific capabilities such as real-time monitoring and control of time-critical operations. One of the main goals of the drivers is to build the address space in a unitary way, hiding the specific details of each fieldbus and connected devices, such as the addressing mode or the In order to meet the real-time requirements specific to the industrial environment, the fog nodes can be designed and developed on SoC systems with specialized coprocessors for the communication implementation with fieldbuses. doi = 10.3390/s20195603 id = cord-025337-lkv75bgf author = Vakkuri, Ville title = “This is Just a Prototype”: How Ethics Are Ignored in Software Startup-Like Environments date = 2020-05-06 keywords = case; ethic; system summary = doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-49392-9_13 id = cord-015697-j22q89l9 author = Vanderwende, Lucy title = Beyond SumBasic: Task-focused summarization with sentence simplification and lexical expansion date = 2007-04-19 keywords = DUC; Pyramid; sentence; system summary = doi = 10.1016/j.ipm.2007.01.023 id = cord-302879-ao0n3x9b author = Vanhee, T. title = Child behaviour during dental care under nitrous oxide sedation: a cohort study using two different gas distribution systems date = 2020-10-16 keywords = system summary = title: Child behaviour during dental care under nitrous oxide sedation: a cohort study using two different gas distribution systems PURPOSE: Conscious sedation by inhalation of a mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen (CS) is a technique used in dental care for anxious, handicapped or uncooperative patients. The very special objective of this cohort study is to compare the behaviour of young patients during dental care under CS in two hospitals using different gas distribution systems. Conscious sedation by inhalation of a mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen (CS) is an effective means for the management of uncooperative children requiring dental care in paediatric dentistry services in hospitals (Bryan 2002) . The effect of nitrous oxide administration can be measured by the success or failure rate of the treatment or using behavioural observation with instruments like of Venham scale (Collado et al. doi = 10.1007/s40368-020-00569-z id = cord-030026-4jew57ce author = Vasala, Antti title = Modern Tools for Rapid Diagnostics of Antimicrobial Resistance date = 2020-07-15 keywords = AST; NAAT; PCR; base; detection; system summary = The CE-marked Alfed 60 AST TM system (Alifax, Italy) uses sensitive laser-light scattering technology to detect bacterial growth in a liquid culture broth and provides antimicrobial susceptibility results directly from positive blood culture bottles within 4-6 h. With 232 positive blood cultures tested, the overall essential agreement with routine methods was 95.1%, and the time needed for AST was decreased by 42 h in comparison to standard growth-based analysis. Regarding the speed and the need to handle clinical polybacterial samples, the immunodiagnostic TPX-technology (ArcDia Ltd), growth-based FISH (Accelerate Pheno), the Multipath digital imaging technology based on nanoparticles for labeling and magnetic beads for capturing (First Light Diagnostics Inc.) , and the NAAT-based dAST (Talis Inc.) seem promising options for rapid point-of-care testing of antimicrobial susceptibility. A novel microfluidic assay for rapid phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacteria detected in clinical blood cultures doi = 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00308 id = cord-268193-xwptzgvl author = Wang, Tzong-Luen title = Establishing a clinical decision rule of severe acute respiratory syndrome at the emergency department() date = 2003-12-29 keywords = SARS; system summary = doi = 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2003.08.002 id = cord-237721-rhcvsqtk author = Welch, Charles title = Expressive Interviewing: A Conversational System for Coping with COVID-19 date = 2020-07-07 keywords = interviewing; system; user summary = doi = nan id = cord-262719-onjxtixk author = Williams, Richard A. title = User Experiences using FLAME: A Case Study Modelling Conflict in Large Enterprise System Implementations date = 2020-09-19 keywords = ABM; flame; machine; simulation; system summary = In addition, we discuss a number of significant constraints of FLAME due to the underlying architecture, such as: issues when setting the Pseudo-Random Number Generator seed value; the inability to send messages between simulation time-steps; the inability to use global mutable parameters; performance challenges due to the I/O rate-limiting characteristics and the need for significant fast storage allocation to accommodate realistic simulations of social systems. The cause for this relates to the underlying design principles of FLAME, with its conceptual architecture being based 640 on communicating stream X-Machines, which require the generation of individual XML files for each simulation time-step (these XML files contain parameter values and states for every X-Machine agent that is instantiated). doi = 10.1016/j.simpat.2020.102196 id = cord-212813-yrca1hij author = Winkelmann, Ricarda title = Social tipping processes for sustainability: An analytical framework date = 2020-10-09 keywords = Earth; change; process; social; system; tipping summary = In particular, we identify human agency, social-institutional network structures, different spatial and temporal scales and increased complexity as key distinctive features underlying social tipping processes. Following these distinctions, we present a definitional framework for identifying social tipping processes for sustainability, where under critical conditions, a small perturbation can induce non-linear systemic change, driven by positive feedback mechanisms and cascading network effects. We adopt this framework to understand potential social tipping dynamics in the European political system, where the FridaysForFuture movement (16) pushes the system towards criticality, generating the conditions for shifting climate policy regimes into a qualitatively different state. Accordingly, the European political system could constitute a potential ''social tipping element'', where as it nears critical conditions, a small change to the system or its broader environment could lead to large-scale macroscopic changes, affected by cascading network dynamics and positive feedback mechanisms. doi = nan id = cord-336599-r8xgnz87 author = Yaacoub, Jean-Paul A. title = Cyber-Physical Systems Security: Limitations, Issues and Future Trends date = 2020-07-08 keywords = CPS; Cyber; ICS; IDS; PLC; attack; physical; present; risk; secure; security; system summary = However, none of the existing works presented a comprehensive view of CPS security in terms of threats, vulnerabilities, and attacks based on the targeted domain (cyber, physical, or hybrid). • Jamming: In this case, attackers usually aim at changing the device''s state and the expected operations to cause Sold with PLC-like features Digital computers designed for output arrangements and multiple inputs Electronic device controlled by a microprocessor Automates electro-mechanical processes Interfaces SCADA physical objects Physical media with process, relays, motion control and networking Uses supervisory system messages to control objects Does support control loops and algorithms Does not support control loops and algorithms Immune to electrical noise, resistant to vibration Low to null immunity against electrical noise and vibration Suitable for local geographical areas Suitable for wider geographical telemetry areas Mainly IEC Standards Wired/Wireless Communications damage by launching waves of de-authentication or wireless jamming signals, which would result into denial of device and system services [73] . doi = 10.1016/j.micpro.2020.103201 id = cord-330503-w1m1ci4i author = Yamin, Mohammad title = IT applications in healthcare management: a survey date = 2018-05-31 keywords = datum; medical; system summary = Advance data transfer and management techniques have made improvements in disease diagnostic and have been a critical role in national health planning and efficient record keeping. In particular, the medical profession has undergone substantial changes through the capabilities of database management, which has given rise to the Healthcare Information Systems (HIS). According to [1] , many programs are developed with the help of AI to perform specific tasks which make use of many activities including medical diagnostic, time sharing, interactive interpreters, graphical user interfaces and the computer mouse, rapid development environments, the linked listdata structure, automatic storage management, symbolic, functional, dynamic, and object-oriented programming. Thus the first phase of the usage of information technology and systems in hospital and healthcare management was to transform paper based records to database systems. AI, Robots, VR, AR, MR, IoMT, ubiquitous medical services, and big data analytics are all directly or indirectly related to IT. Medical internet of things and big data in healthcare doi = 10.1007/s41870-018-0203-3 id = cord-018336-6fh69mk4 author = Yasnoff, William A. title = Public Health Informatics and the Health Information Infrastructure date = 2006 keywords = CDC; NHII; health; information; public; system summary = doi = 10.1007/0-387-36278-9_15 id = cord-290139-b02eghd4 author = Yen, Tseng-Chang title = Reliability-based measure of a retrial machine repair problem with working breakdowns under the F-Policy date = 2020-10-06 keywords = system summary = title: Reliability-based measure of a retrial machine repair problem with working breakdowns under the F-Policy We study reliability and sensitivity analysis of a retrial machine repair problem with working breakdowns operating under the F-policy. The F-policy studies the most common issue of controlling arrival to a queueing problem and it requires startup time before allowing failed machines to enter the orbit. In this paper, we consider a retrial machine repair problem (RMRP) with working breakdowns that combines F-policy and exponentially startup time before allowing failed machines to enter the retrial system. Chen (2018) proposed reliability analysis of retrial machine repair system with working breakdowns and a single repair server with recovery policy. Reliability analysis of a retrial machine repair problem with warm standbys and a single server with N-policy System reliability analysis of retrial machine repair systems with warm standbys and a single server of working breakdown and recovery policy doi = 10.1016/j.cie.2020.106885 id = cord-017621-pyn1enz2 author = Zaras, Nikolaos V. title = Case Study – Greece date = 2012-08-31 keywords = disease; system summary = The system of mandatory reporting of diseases represents the basis of epidemiologic monitoring in most countries; usually it is supplemented by more specialized systems, networks or studies with speci fi c objectives. Speci fi c (for the system of mandatory reporting of diseases) -detection of spo-• radic cases; Detection of epidemic cases Generic (for every system of epidemiologic monitoring) -estimation of reperThe reporting process can start from the clinical or laboratory doctor or the hospital''s infectious diseases nurse but has to be sent immediately (by fax) to the Regional Health Directorates and CDCP. 2003: "Regulations applied for regional systems of health and providence", Art. 44, Law 3204/23-12-2003: CDCP -each private or public medical institution or individual doctor, operating legally, is obliged to inform CDCP of each case of pestiferous disease that comes to his/her attention. doi = 10.1007/978-94-007-5273-3_11 id = cord-255036-vpw40g40 author = Zhang, L.Z. title = Thermodynamic modeling of a novel air dehumidification system date = 2004-08-14 keywords = air; energy; system summary = doi = 10.1016/j.enbuild.2004.06.019 id = cord-323973-wszo9s3d author = Zhu, Hanliang title = The vision of point-of-care PCR tests for the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond date = 2020-07-20 keywords = PCR; POC; RNA; chip; dna; sample; system summary = [9] The analysis of larger volumes of biological fluids with a low viral load is likely to reduce the risk of false-negative results, but microfluidic point-of-care (POC) devices are typically unable to handle mL-scale volumes in a short time due to the requirement of slow flow rates. [15] The PCR test on samples prepared from blood and urine specimens is capable of detecting the virus in the early stages of the disease, resulting in early diagnosis and subsequent isolation of infected patients to block transmission. The total reaction time depends on a series of parameters, such as the chip size, the PCR master mix volume determining the value of C, the thermal conductivity of the substrate (G), and the temperature cycling rate. A number of fully integrated systems have so far been developed, starting with the non-portable GenExpert from Cepheid, which was first utilized for anthrax detection by the United States Postal Service, [64] and then with different primers to perform HIV and tuberculosis diagnostics in South Africa. doi = 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115984 id = cord-353241-ityhcak7 author = Zhu, Hanliang title = IoT PCR for pandemic disease detection and its spread monitoring date = 2020-01-15 keywords = DENV; PCR; system summary = Considerable effort has been invested in the development of portable, user-friendly, and cost-effective systems for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics, which could also create an Internet of Things (IoT) for healthcare via a global network. Connecting the easy to use and cost-effective POC devices providing the DENV diagnoses via a mobile network would create an Internet of Things (IoT) [15] for healthcare [16, 17] , an essential tool to tackle any infectious disease outbreak. Prior to testing on an IoT PCR device, we verified the master mix performance and its values of critical threshold (C T ) and the melting temperature (T M ) using a commercial real-time PCR system (Supplementary Section A) beginning with a hot start at 95°C for 30 s followed by 40 cycles of PCR amplification consisting of DNA denaturation at 95°C for 8 s, primer annealing at 60°C for 30 s, and DNA sequence elongation at 72°C for 10 s, then followed by melting curve analysis (MCA) from 72°C to 95°C. doi = 10.1016/j.snb.2019.127098 id = cord-031232-6cv8n2bf author = de Weck, Olivier title = Handling the COVID‐19 crisis: Toward an agile model‐based systems approach date = 2020-08-27 keywords = COVID-19; crisis; figure; model; system summary = doi = 10.1002/sys.21557 id = cord-004584-bcw90f5b author = nan title = Abstracts: 8th EBSA European Biophysics Congress, August 23rd–27th 2011, Budapest, Hungary date = 2011-08-06 keywords = AFM; ATP; Biophysics; Department; FCS; Germany; Institute; RNA; University; cell; change; channel; complex; different; dna; dynamic; effect; fluorescence; fret; high; interaction; lipid; mechanism; membrane; model; molecular; molecule; process; protein; result; structure; study; surface; system summary = Our goals are two-fold: (1) to monitor conformational changes in each domain upon its binding to specific ligands and then to correlate the observed changes with structural differences between the CRDs and (2) to investigate the interaction between the CRDs and lipid model membranes. Cholesterol-assisted lipid and protein interactions such as the integration into lipid nanodomains are considered to play a functional part in a whole range of membrane-associated processes, but their direct and non-invasive observation in living cells is impeded by the resolution limit of [200nm of a conventional far-field optical microscope. Therefore, to investigate the dynamic and complex membrane lateral organization in living cells, we have developed an original approach based on molecule diffusion measurements performed by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy at different spatial scales (spot variable FCS, svFCS) (1). doi = 10.1007/s00249-011-0734-z id = cord-008777-i2reanan author = nan title = ECB12: 12th European Congess on Biotechnology date = 2005-07-19 keywords = Ankara; Biology; Biotechnology; Chemical; Denmark; Department; Engineering; Escherichia; Faculty; Germany; HPLC; Institute; PCR; Research; Science; Technical; Technology; Turkey; University; acid; activity; analysis; bacillus; cell; concentration; condition; culture; different; dna; effect; enzyme; expression; fermentation; gene; growth; high; increase; medium; method; process; produce; production; protein; result; strain; study; system summary = Mollerup Department of Chemical Engineering, Building 229, DTU, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark A variety of factors that govern the properties of proteins are utilized in the development of chromatographic processes for the recovery of biological products including the binding and release of protons, the non-covalent association with non-polar groups (often hydrophobic interactions), the association of small ions (ion exchange) and the highly specific antigen-antibody interaction (affinity interactions). Such fermenters will be needed in order to meet the increasing pressure on costs for low price commodity type products such as single cell protein or food and technical grade enzymes, and to meet the demands of the new wave of white biotech, in which bio-produced chemicals must be made at prices competitive with those of the traditional chemical industry. The presentation will focus on use of the sensitive sandwich hybridization technology for the quantitative analysis of process relevant marker genes in different kind of microbial cell cultures with a focus on the production of recombinant proteins. doi = 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.06.005 id = cord-010119-t1x9gknd author = nan title = Abstract Presentations from the AABB Annual Meeting San Diego, CA ctober 7‐10, 2017 date = 2017-09-04 keywords = ABO; Anti; Background; Blood; CD36; Case; Center; DAT; DTT; Design; FDA; FFP; HBV; HCV; HIV; HLA; Hospital; IPC; MTP; Medical; Medicine; NAT; PCR; PLT; RBC; RHD; Red; Studies; Study; System; TPE; University; WBC; ZIKV; Zika; cd341; cell; conclusion; day; dna; donor; finding; method; patient; platelet; result; sample; table; test; transfusion; type summary = Conclusion: The wide distribution in the concentration of bioactive lipids among 405 stored RBC units suggests that lipid degradation is highly donor-Background/Case Studies: To ensure availability of biological products to hospitals, blood banks have developed and validated multiple storage conditions for each of their products to maximize shelf life and quality. 1 The Department of Blood Transfusion, The PLA General Hospital, 2 The Department of Blood Transfusion, Air Force General Hospital, PLA Background/Case Studies: Recently, multi researches have reported that longer term-stored red blood cells(RBCs) units were associated with increased risks of clinically adverse events, especially in critically ill patients. Weak D types 1, 2 and 3 express all the major RhD epitopes and these patients can be managed as RhD-positive, which may lead to a reduction in unnecessary Rh immunoglobulin (RhIG) administration and conservation of RhD-negative RBCs. Study Design/Method: RHD genotyping was performed on all patient samples with weaker than expected or discrepant RhD typing results, utilizing a commercially available genotyping kit manufactured by Immucor (RHD BeadChip). doi = 10.1111/trf.14286 id = cord-021081-yqu1ykc9 author = nan title = Early Warning Systems A State of the Art Analysis and Future Directions date = 2012-11-02 keywords = Earth; Global; NOAA; Nations; Ocean; United; WMO; early; information; system; warning summary = doi = 10.1016/j.envdev.2012.09.004 id = cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 author = nan title = MONDAY: POSTERS date = 2005-06-08 keywords = ABO; DAT; FFP; HBV; HCV; HIV; HLA; Hospital; NAT; PCR; RBC; RHD; RNA; TRALI; Transfusion; anti; antibody; blood; cell; dna; donor; group; method; patient; platelet; result; study; system; test summary = • enhancement of automation/computerisation; • process control to provide an ''error-free pathway''; • (national) surveillance and trend analysis of results, preferably based on national working standards; • significantly increased sensitivity, especially from development of antigen/antibody ''combi'' assays (e.g. for HIV, and recently, for HCV); • awareness of HBsAg vaccine-escape mutants and design of assays to cope with this; • extension of range of agents and markers tested for (varies in different countries); • increasing range of assays available for testing donors with a relevant history of exposure to malaria or Chagas'' disease infection (for retrieval of otherwise wasted blood); • European Union''s in vitro diagnostics directive: this has caused some problems and reduced flexibility. doi = 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2005.00652.x id = cord-023354-f2ciho6o author = nan title = TUESDAY PLENARY SESSION 3 TUESDAY: POSTERS date = 2005-06-08 keywords = ABO; DAT; FFP; HBV; HCV; HIV; HLA; Hospital; NAT; PCR; RBC; RHD; RNA; TRALI; Transfusion; anti; antibody; blood; cell; dna; donor; group; method; patient; platelet; result; study; system; test summary = • enhancement of automation/computerisation; • process control to provide an ''error-free pathway''; • (national) surveillance and trend analysis of results, preferably based on national working standards; • significantly increased sensitivity, especially from development of antigen/antibody ''combi'' assays (e.g. for HIV, and recently, for HCV); • awareness of HBsAg vaccine-escape mutants and design of assays to cope with this; • extension of range of agents and markers tested for (varies in different countries); • increasing range of assays available for testing donors with a relevant history of exposure to malaria or Chagas'' disease infection (for retrieval of otherwise wasted blood); • European Union''s in vitro diagnostics directive: this has caused some problems and reduced flexibility. doi = 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2005.00654.x id = cord-023364-ut56gczm author = nan title = EDUCATION DAY MONDAY: PLENARY SESSION 1 MONDAY: PARALLEL SESSIONS date = 2005-06-08 keywords = ABO; DAT; FFP; HBV; HCV; HIV; HLA; Hospital; NAT; PCR; RBC; RHD; RNA; TRALI; Transfusion; anti; antibody; blood; cell; dna; donor; group; method; patient; platelet; result; study; system; test summary = • enhancement of automation/computerisation; • process control to provide an ''error-free pathway''; • (national) surveillance and trend analysis of results, preferably based on national working standards; • significantly increased sensitivity, especially from development of antigen/antibody ''combi'' assays (e.g. for HIV, and recently, for HCV); • awareness of HBsAg vaccine-escape mutants and design of assays to cope with this; • extension of range of agents and markers tested for (varies in different countries); • increasing range of assays available for testing donors with a relevant history of exposure to malaria or Chagas'' disease infection (for retrieval of otherwise wasted blood); • European Union''s in vitro diagnostics directive: this has caused some problems and reduced flexibility. doi = 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2005.00651.x id = cord-356062-7q5n4t97 author = nan title = Cumulative pharmacological activity index volumes 1-30 date = 2005-12-31 keywords = EBV; NH2; activity; assay; effect; human; system summary = doi = 10.1016/s1572-5995(05)80101-2 id = cord-103435-yufvt44t author = van Aalst, Marvin title = Constructing and analysing dynamic models with modelbase v1.0 - a software update date = 2020-10-02 keywords = Python; model; modelbase; system summary = doi = 10.1101/2020.09.30.321380 id = cord-007708-hr4smx24 author = van Kampen, Antoine H. C. title = Taking Bioinformatics to Systems Medicine date = 2015-08-13 keywords = datum; disease; expression; gene; network; system summary = doi = 10.1007/978-1-4939-3283-2_2