id sid tid token lemma pos cord-026144-buctm04o 1 1 key key JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 2 1 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 2 2 cord-026144-buctm04o cord-026144-buctm04o IN cord-026144-buctm04o 2 3 authors author NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 2 4 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 2 5 Mullick Mullick NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 2 6 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 2 7 Shantanu Shantanu NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 2 8 ; ; : cord-026144-buctm04o 2 9 Malshe Malshe NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 2 10 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 2 11 Ashwin Ashwin NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 2 12 ; ; : cord-026144-buctm04o 2 13 Glady Glady NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 2 14 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 2 15 Nicolas Nicolas NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 2 16 title title NN cord-026144-buctm04o 2 17 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 2 18 Modeling model VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 2 19 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 2 20 Costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 2 21 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 2 22 Trade Trade NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 2 23 Finance Finance NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 2 24 During during IN cord-026144-buctm04o 2 25 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 2 26 Financial Financial NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 2 27 Crisis Crisis NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 2 28 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 2 29 2008–2009 2008–2009 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 2 30 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 3 1 An an DT cord-026144-buctm04o 3 2 Application Application NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 3 3 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 3 4 Dynamic Dynamic NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 3 5 Hierarchical Hierarchical NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 3 6 Linear Linear NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 3 7 Model Model NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 3 8 date date NN cord-026144-buctm04o 3 9 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 3 10 2020 2020 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 3 11 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 3 12 05 05 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 3 13 - - SYM cord-026144-buctm04o 3 14 18 18 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 3 15 journal journal NN cord-026144-buctm04o 3 16 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 4 1 Information information NN cord-026144-buctm04o 4 2 Processing Processing NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 4 3 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 4 4 Management Management NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 4 5 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 4 6 Uncertainty Uncertainty NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 4 7 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 4 8 Knowledge Knowledge NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 4 9 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 4 10 Based Based NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 4 11 Systems Systems NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 4 12 DOI DOI NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 4 13 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 5 1 10.1007/978 10.1007/978 LS cord-026144-buctm04o 5 2 - - SYM cord-026144-buctm04o 5 3 3 3 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 5 4 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 5 5 030 030 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 5 6 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 5 7 50146 50146 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 5 8 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 5 9 4_47 4_47 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 6 1 sha sha NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 6 2 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 7 1 36c44c6197d7c5462aee58ffab84bdffc51147fe 36c44c6197d7c5462aee58ffab84bdffc51147fe NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 7 2 doc_id doc_id CD cord-026144-buctm04o 7 3 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 7 4 26144 26144 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 7 5 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 7 6 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 7 7 buctm04o buctm04o JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 8 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 8 2 authors author NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 8 3 propose propose VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 8 4 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 8 5 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 8 6 hierarchical hierarchical JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 8 7 linear linear JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 8 8 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 8 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 8 10 DHLM DHLM NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 8 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 8 12 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 8 13 study study VB cord-026144-buctm04o 8 14 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 8 15 variations variation NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 8 16 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 8 17 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 8 18 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 8 19 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 8 20 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 8 21 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 8 22 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 8 23 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 8 24 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 8 25 across across IN cord-026144-buctm04o 8 26 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 8 27 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 8 28 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 8 29 environments environment NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 8 30 such such JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 8 31 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 8 32 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 8 33 global global JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 8 34 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 8 35 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 8 36 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 8 37 2008–2009 2008–2009 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 8 38 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 9 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 9 2 DHLM dhlm NN cord-026144-buctm04o 9 3 can can MD cord-026144-buctm04o 9 4 cope cope VB cord-026144-buctm04o 9 5 with with IN cord-026144-buctm04o 9 6 challenges challenge NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 9 7 that that WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 9 8 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 9 9 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 9 10 environment environment NN cord-026144-buctm04o 9 11 entails entail VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 9 12 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 9 13 nonstationarity nonstationarity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 9 14 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 9 15 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 9 16 changing change VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 9 17 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 9 18 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 9 19 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 9 20 cross cross JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 9 21 - - JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 9 22 sectional sectional JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 9 23 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 9 24 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 10 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 10 2 authors author NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 10 3 employ employ VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 10 4 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 10 5 DHLM dhlm NN cord-026144-buctm04o 10 6 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 10 7 examine examine VB cord-026144-buctm04o 10 8 how how WRB cord-026144-buctm04o 10 9 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 10 10 effects effect NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 10 11 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 10 12 four four CD cord-026144-buctm04o 10 13 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 10 14 indicators indicator NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 10 15 – – : cord-026144-buctm04o 10 16 GDP gdp NN cord-026144-buctm04o 10 17 growth growth NN cord-026144-buctm04o 10 18 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 10 19 inflation inflation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 10 20 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 10 21 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 10 22 intensity intensity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 10 23 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 10 24 stock stock NN cord-026144-buctm04o 10 25 market market NN cord-026144-buctm04o 10 26 capitalization capitalization NN cord-026144-buctm04o 10 27 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 10 28 on on RP cord-026144-buctm04o 10 29 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 10 30 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 10 31 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 10 32 varied vary VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 10 33 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 10 34 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 10 35 period period NN cord-026144-buctm04o 10 36 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 10 37 five five CD cord-026144-buctm04o 10 38 years year NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 10 39 from from IN cord-026144-buctm04o 10 40 2006 2006 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 10 41 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 10 42 2010 2010 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 10 43 across across IN cord-026144-buctm04o 10 44 8 8 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 10 45 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 10 46 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 11 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 11 2 find find VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 11 3 that that IN cord-026144-buctm04o 11 4 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 11 5 effect effect NN cord-026144-buctm04o 11 6 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 11 7 these these DT cord-026144-buctm04o 11 8 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 11 9 indicators indicator NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 11 10 varies vary VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 11 11 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 11 12 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 11 13 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 11 14 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 11 15 most most JJS cord-026144-buctm04o 11 16 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 11 17 this this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 11 18 variation variation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 11 19 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 11 20 present present JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 11 21 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 11 22 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 11 23 year year NN cord-026144-buctm04o 11 24 preceding precede VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 11 25 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 11 26 succeeding succeed VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 11 27 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 11 28 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 11 29 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 11 30 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 12 1 In in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 12 2 addition addition NN cord-026144-buctm04o 12 3 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 12 4 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 12 5 trajectory trajectory NN cord-026144-buctm04o 12 6 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 12 7 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 12 8 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 12 9 varying vary VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 12 10 effects effect NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 12 11 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 12 12 GDP GDP NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 12 13 growth growth NN cord-026144-buctm04o 12 14 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 12 15 inflation inflation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 12 16 support support VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 12 17 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 12 18 “ " `` cord-026144-buctm04o 12 19 flight flight NN cord-026144-buctm04o 12 20 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 12 21 quality quality NN cord-026144-buctm04o 12 22 ” " '' cord-026144-buctm04o 12 23 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 12 24 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 12 25 cost cost NN cord-026144-buctm04o 12 26 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 12 27 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 12 28 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 12 29 reduces reduce VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 12 30 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 12 31 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 12 32 with with IN cord-026144-buctm04o 12 33 high high JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 12 34 GDP gdp NN cord-026144-buctm04o 12 35 growth growth NN cord-026144-buctm04o 12 36 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 12 37 low low JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 12 38 inflation inflation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 12 39 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 12 40 during during IN cord-026144-buctm04o 12 41 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 12 42 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 12 43 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 13 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 13 2 authors author NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 13 3 also also RB cord-026144-buctm04o 13 4 note note VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 13 5 presence presence NN cord-026144-buctm04o 13 6 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 13 7 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 13 8 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 13 9 specific specific JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 13 10 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 13 11 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 13 12 some some DT cord-026144-buctm04o 13 13 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 13 14 these these DT cord-026144-buctm04o 13 15 effects effect NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 13 16 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 14 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 14 2 authors author NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 14 3 propose propose VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 14 4 extensions extension NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 14 5 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 14 6 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 14 7 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 14 8 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 14 9 discuss discuss VB cord-026144-buctm04o 14 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 14 11 alternative alternative JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 14 12 uses use NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 14 13 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 14 14 different different JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 14 15 contexts context NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 14 16 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 15 1 Trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 15 2 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 15 3 consists consist VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 15 4 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 15 5 borrowing borrow VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 15 6 using use VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 15 7 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 15 8 credit credit NN cord-026144-buctm04o 15 9 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 15 10 collateral collateral NN cord-026144-buctm04o 15 11 and/or and/or CC cord-026144-buctm04o 15 12 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 15 13 purchase purchase NN cord-026144-buctm04o 15 14 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 15 15 insurance insurance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 15 16 against against IN cord-026144-buctm04o 15 17 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 15 18 possibility possibility NN cord-026144-buctm04o 15 19 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 15 20 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 15 21 credit credit NN cord-026144-buctm04o 15 22 defaults default NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 15 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 15 24 2 2 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 15 25 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 15 26 4 4 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 15 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 15 28 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 16 1 According accord VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 16 2 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 16 3 some some DT cord-026144-buctm04o 16 4 estimates estimate NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 16 5 more more JJR cord-026144-buctm04o 16 6 than than IN cord-026144-buctm04o 16 7 90 90 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 16 8 % % NN cord-026144-buctm04o 16 9 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 16 10 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 16 11 transactions transaction NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 16 12 involve involve VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 16 13 some some DT cord-026144-buctm04o 16 14 form form NN cord-026144-buctm04o 16 15 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 16 16 credit credit NN cord-026144-buctm04o 16 17 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 16 18 insurance insurance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 16 19 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 16 20 or or CC cord-026144-buctm04o 16 21 guarantee guarantee VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 16 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 16 23 7 7 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 16 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 16 25 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 16 26 making make VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 16 27 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 16 28 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 16 29 extremely extremely RB cord-026144-buctm04o 16 30 critical critical JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 16 31 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 16 32 smooth smooth JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 16 33 trades trade NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 16 34 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 17 1 After after IN cord-026144-buctm04o 17 2 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 17 3 global global JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 17 4 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 17 5 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 17 6 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 17 7 2008 2008 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 17 8 - - SYM cord-026144-buctm04o 17 9 2009 2009 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 17 10 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 17 11 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 17 12 limited limited JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 17 13 availability availability NN cord-026144-buctm04o 17 14 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 17 15 international international JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 17 16 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 17 17 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 17 18 has have VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 17 19 emerged emerge VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 17 20 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 17 21 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 17 22 potential potential JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 17 23 cause cause NN cord-026144-buctm04o 17 24 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 17 25 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 17 26 sharp sharp JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 17 27 decline decline NN cord-026144-buctm04o 17 28 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 17 29 global global JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 17 30 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 17 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 17 32 4 4 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 17 33 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 17 34 13 13 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 17 35 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 17 36 21 21 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 17 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 17 38 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 18 1 1 1 LS cord-026144-buctm04o 19 1 As as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 19 2 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 19 3 result result NN cord-026144-buctm04o 19 4 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 19 5 understanding understand VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 19 6 how how WRB cord-026144-buctm04o 19 7 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 19 8 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 19 9 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 19 10 varied vary VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 19 11 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 19 12 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 19 13 period period NN cord-026144-buctm04o 19 14 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 19 15 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 19 16 1 1 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 19 17 See see VB cord-026144-buctm04o 19 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 19 19 27 27 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 19 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 19 21 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 19 22 counter counter JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 19 23 evidence evidence NN cord-026144-buctm04o 19 24 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 20 1 around around IN cord-026144-buctm04o 20 2 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 20 3 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 20 4 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 20 5 has have VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 20 6 become become VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 20 7 critical critical JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 20 8 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 20 9 policymakers policymaker NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 20 10 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 20 11 ensure ensure VB cord-026144-buctm04o 20 12 adequate adequate JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 20 13 availability availability NN cord-026144-buctm04o 20 14 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 20 15 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 20 16 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 20 17 during during IN cord-026144-buctm04o 20 18 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 20 19 periods period NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 20 20 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 20 21 order order NN cord-026144-buctm04o 20 22 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 20 23 mitigate mitigate VB cord-026144-buctm04o 20 24 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 20 25 severity severity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 20 26 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 20 27 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 20 28 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 20 29 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 21 1 2 2 LS cord-026144-buctm04o 22 1 In in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 22 2 addition addition NN cord-026144-buctm04o 22 3 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 22 4 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 22 5 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 22 6 drivers driver NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 22 7 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 22 8 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 22 9 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 22 10 may may MD cord-026144-buctm04o 22 11 vary vary VB cord-026144-buctm04o 22 12 across across IN cord-026144-buctm04o 22 13 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 22 14 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 22 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 22 16 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 22 17 important important JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 22 18 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 22 19 account account VB cord-026144-buctm04o 22 20 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 22 21 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 22 22 while while IN cord-026144-buctm04o 22 23 studying study VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 22 24 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 22 25 effect effect NN cord-026144-buctm04o 22 26 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 22 27 these these DT cord-026144-buctm04o 22 28 drivers driver NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 22 29 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 22 30 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 22 31 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 22 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 22 33 20 20 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 22 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 22 35 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 23 1 A a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 23 2 systematic systematic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 23 3 study study NN cord-026144-buctm04o 23 4 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 23 5 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 23 6 drivers driver NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 23 7 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 23 8 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 23 9 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 23 10 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 23 11 can can MD cord-026144-buctm04o 23 12 be be VB cord-026144-buctm04o 23 13 challenging challenging JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 23 14 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 23 15 modeling model VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 23 16 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 23 17 effects effect NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 23 18 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 23 19 these these DT cord-026144-buctm04o 23 20 drivers driver NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 23 21 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 23 22 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 23 23 environments environment NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 23 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 23 25 e.g. e.g. RB cord-026144-buctm04o 23 26 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 23 27 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 23 28 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 23 29 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 23 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 24 1 requires require VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 24 2 one one PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 24 3 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 24 4 have have VB cord-026144-buctm04o 24 5 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 24 6 method method NN cord-026144-buctm04o 24 7 that that WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 24 8 can can MD cord-026144-buctm04o 24 9 account account VB cord-026144-buctm04o 24 10 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 24 11 non non JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 24 12 - - JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 24 13 stationarity stationarity JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 24 14 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 24 15 changes change NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 24 16 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 24 17 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 24 18 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 24 19 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 24 20 as as RB cord-026144-buctm04o 24 21 well well RB cord-026144-buctm04o 24 22 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 24 23 account account NN cord-026144-buctm04o 24 24 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 24 25 cross cross JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 24 26 - - JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 24 27 sectional sectional JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 24 28 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 24 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 24 30 42 42 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 24 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 24 32 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 25 1 First first RB cord-026144-buctm04o 25 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 25 3 nonstationarity nonstationarity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 25 4 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 25 5 an an DT cord-026144-buctm04o 25 6 important important JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 25 7 issue issue NN cord-026144-buctm04o 25 8 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 25 9 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 25 10 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 25 11 series series NN cord-026144-buctm04o 25 12 analysis analysis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 25 13 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 25 14 observational observational JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 25 15 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 25 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 25 17 36 36 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 25 18 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 25 19 42 42 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 25 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 25 21 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 26 1 3 3 LS cord-026144-buctm04o 27 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 27 2 usual usual JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 27 3 approach approach NN cord-026144-buctm04o 27 4 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 27 5 address address VB cord-026144-buctm04o 27 6 nonstationarity nonstationarity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 27 7 requires require VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 27 8 filtering filter VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 27 9 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 27 10 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 27 11 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 27 12 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 27 13 hope hope NN cord-026144-buctm04o 27 14 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 27 15 making make VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 27 16 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 27 17 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 27 18 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 27 19 series series NN cord-026144-buctm04o 27 20 mean mean NN cord-026144-buctm04o 27 21 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 27 22 covariance covariance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 27 23 stationary stationary JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 27 24 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 28 1 4 4 LS cord-026144-buctm04o 29 1 However however RB cord-026144-buctm04o 29 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 29 3 methods method NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 29 4 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 29 5 filtering filter VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 29 6 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 29 7 series series NN cord-026144-buctm04o 29 8 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 29 9 such such JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 29 10 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 29 11 first first JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 29 12 differences difference NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 29 13 can can MD cord-026144-buctm04o 29 14 lead lead VB cord-026144-buctm04o 29 15 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 29 16 distortion distortion NN cord-026144-buctm04o 29 17 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 29 18 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 29 19 spectrum spectrum NN cord-026144-buctm04o 29 20 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 29 21 thereby thereby RB cord-026144-buctm04o 29 22 impacting impact VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 29 23 inferences inference NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 29 24 about about IN cord-026144-buctm04o 29 25 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 29 26 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 29 27 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 29 28 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 29 29 system system NN cord-026144-buctm04o 29 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 29 31 22 22 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 29 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 29 33 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 30 1 Further further RB cord-026144-buctm04o 30 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 30 3 filtering filter VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 30 4 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 30 5 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 30 6 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 30 7 make make VB cord-026144-buctm04o 30 8 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 30 9 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 30 10 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 30 11 series series NN cord-026144-buctm04o 30 12 stationary stationary NN cord-026144-buctm04o 30 13 can can MD cord-026144-buctm04o 30 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 30 15 i i NN cord-026144-buctm04o 30 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 30 17 hinder hinder VB cord-026144-buctm04o 30 18 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 30 19 interpretability interpretability NN cord-026144-buctm04o 30 20 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 30 21 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 30 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 30 23 ii ii NN cord-026144-buctm04o 30 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 30 25 emphasize emphasize VB cord-026144-buctm04o 30 26 noise noise NN cord-026144-buctm04o 30 27 at at IN cord-026144-buctm04o 30 28 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 30 29 expense expense NN cord-026144-buctm04o 30 30 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 30 31 signal signal NN cord-026144-buctm04o 30 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 30 33 43 43 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 30 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 30 35 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 31 1 Second second RB cord-026144-buctm04o 31 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 31 3 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 31 4 effect effect NN cord-026144-buctm04o 31 5 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 31 6 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 31 7 drivers driver NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 31 8 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 31 9 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 31 10 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 31 11 costs cost VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 31 12 changes change NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 31 13 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 31 14 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 31 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 31 16 10 10 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 31 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 31 18 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 32 1 These these DT cord-026144-buctm04o 32 2 shifts shift NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 32 3 happen happen VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 32 4 due due IN cord-026144-buctm04o 32 5 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 32 6 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 32 7 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 32 8 varying vary VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 32 9 technological technological JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 32 10 advances advance NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 32 11 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 32 12 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 32 13 changes change NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 32 14 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 32 15 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 32 16 evolution evolution NN cord-026144-buctm04o 32 17 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 32 18 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 32 19 banking banking NN cord-026144-buctm04o 32 20 sector sector NN cord-026144-buctm04o 32 21 competitive competitive JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 32 22 environment environment NN cord-026144-buctm04o 32 23 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 32 24 among among IN cord-026144-buctm04o 32 25 others other NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 32 26 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 33 1 As as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 33 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 33 3 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 33 4 studying study VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 33 5 2008 2008 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 33 6 - - SYM cord-026144-buctm04o 33 7 2009 2009 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 33 8 global global JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 33 9 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 33 10 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 33 11 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 33 12 many many JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 33 13 drivers driver NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 33 14 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 33 15 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 33 16 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 33 17 may may MD cord-026144-buctm04o 33 18 have have VB cord-026144-buctm04o 33 19 different different JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 33 20 effects effect NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 33 21 during during IN cord-026144-buctm04o 33 22 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 33 23 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 33 24 compared compare VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 33 25 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 33 26 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 33 27 pre pre JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 33 28 - - JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 33 29 crisis crisis JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 33 30 period period NN cord-026144-buctm04o 33 31 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 34 1 For for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 34 2 example example NN cord-026144-buctm04o 34 3 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 34 4 during during IN cord-026144-buctm04o 34 5 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 34 6 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 34 7 many many JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 34 8 lenders lender NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 34 9 may may MD cord-026144-buctm04o 34 10 prefer prefer VB cord-026144-buctm04o 34 11 borrowers borrower NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 34 12 with with IN cord-026144-buctm04o 34 13 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 34 14 top top JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 34 15 most most JJS cord-026144-buctm04o 34 16 quality quality NN cord-026144-buctm04o 34 17 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 34 18 thus thus RB cord-026144-buctm04o 34 19 exhibiting exhibit VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 34 20 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 34 21 " " `` cord-026144-buctm04o 34 22 flight flight NN cord-026144-buctm04o 34 23 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 34 24 quality quality NN cord-026144-buctm04o 34 25 " " '' cord-026144-buctm04o 34 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 34 27 12 12 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 34 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 34 29 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 35 1 To to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 35 2 capture capture VB cord-026144-buctm04o 35 3 changes change NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 35 4 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 35 5 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 35 6 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 35 7 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 35 8 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 35 9 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 35 10 studies study NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 35 11 typically typically RB cord-026144-buctm04o 35 12 use use VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 35 13 either either DT cord-026144-buctm04o 35 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 35 15 1 1 LS cord-026144-buctm04o 35 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 35 17 moving move VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 35 18 windows window NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 35 19 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 35 20 provide provide VB cord-026144-buctm04o 35 21 parameter parameter NN cord-026144-buctm04o 35 22 paths path NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 35 23 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 35 24 or or CC cord-026144-buctm04o 35 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 35 26 2 2 LS cord-026144-buctm04o 35 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 35 28 perform perform VB cord-026144-buctm04o 35 29 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 35 30 before before NN cord-026144-buctm04o 35 31 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 35 32 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 35 33 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 35 34 after after IN cord-026144-buctm04o 35 35 analysis analysis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 35 36 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 36 1 However however RB cord-026144-buctm04o 36 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 36 3 both both CC cord-026144-buctm04o 36 4 these these DT cord-026144-buctm04o 36 5 methods method NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 36 6 suffer suffer VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 36 7 from from IN cord-026144-buctm04o 36 8 certain certain JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 36 9 deficiencies deficiency NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 36 10 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 37 1 Models model NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 37 2 that that WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 37 3 yield yield VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 37 4 parameter parameter NN cord-026144-buctm04o 37 5 paths path NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 37 6 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 37 7 11 11 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 37 8 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 37 9 32 32 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 37 10 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 37 11 by by IN cord-026144-buctm04o 37 12 using use VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 37 13 moving move VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 37 14 windows window NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 37 15 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 37 16 compute compute VB cord-026144-buctm04o 37 17 changes change NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 37 18 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 37 19 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 37 20 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 37 21 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 37 22 leads lead VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 37 23 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 37 24 inefficient inefficient JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 37 25 estimates estimate NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 37 26 since since IN cord-026144-buctm04o 37 27 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 37 28 each each DT cord-026144-buctm04o 37 29 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 37 30 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 37 31 only only RB cord-026144-buctm04o 37 32 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 37 33 subset subset NN cord-026144-buctm04o 37 34 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 37 35 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 37 36 data data NN cord-026144-buctm04o 37 37 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 37 38 analyzed analyze VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 37 39 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 38 1 These these DT cord-026144-buctm04o 38 2 methods method NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 38 3 also also RB cord-026144-buctm04o 38 4 presents present VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 38 5 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 38 6 dilemma dilemma NN cord-026144-buctm04o 38 7 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 38 8 terms term NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 38 9 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 38 10 selection selection NN cord-026144-buctm04o 38 11 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 38 12 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 38 13 length length NN cord-026144-buctm04o 38 14 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 38 15 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 38 16 window window NN cord-026144-buctm04o 38 17 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 38 18 short short JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 38 19 windows window NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 38 20 yield yield VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 38 21 unreliable unreliable JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 38 22 estimates estimate NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 38 23 while while IN cord-026144-buctm04o 38 24 long long JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 38 25 windows window NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 38 26 imply imply VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 38 27 coarse coarse JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 38 28 estimates estimate NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 38 29 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 38 30 may may MD cord-026144-buctm04o 38 31 also also RB cord-026144-buctm04o 38 32 induce induce VB cord-026144-buctm04o 38 33 artificial artificial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 38 34 autocorrelation autocorrelation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 38 35 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 39 1 Using use VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 39 2 before before RB cord-026144-buctm04o 39 3 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 39 4 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 39 5 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 39 6 after after NN cord-026144-buctm04o 39 7 analysis analysis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 39 8 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 39 9 9 9 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 39 10 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 39 11 25 25 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 39 12 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 39 13 38 38 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 39 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 39 15 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 39 16 study study VB cord-026144-buctm04o 39 17 parameter parameter NN cord-026144-buctm04o 39 18 changes change NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 39 19 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 39 20 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 39 21 implies imply VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 39 22 estimating estimate VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 39 23 different different JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 39 24 models model NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 39 25 before before IN cord-026144-buctm04o 39 26 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 39 27 after after IN cord-026144-buctm04o 39 28 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 39 29 event event NN cord-026144-buctm04o 39 30 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 40 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 40 2 ' ' `` cord-026144-buctm04o 40 3 after after IN cord-026144-buctm04o 40 4 ' ' '' cord-026144-buctm04o 40 5 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 40 6 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 40 7 estimated estimate VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 40 8 using use VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 40 9 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 40 10 from from IN cord-026144-buctm04o 40 11 after after IN cord-026144-buctm04o 40 12 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 40 13 event event NN cord-026144-buctm04o 40 14 under under IN cord-026144-buctm04o 40 15 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 40 16 assumption assumption NN cord-026144-buctm04o 40 17 that that IN cord-026144-buctm04o 40 18 this this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 40 19 data data NN cord-026144-buctm04o 40 20 represents represent VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 40 21 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 40 22 new new JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 40 23 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 40 24 stabilized stabilized JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 40 25 situation situation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 40 26 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 41 1 A a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 41 2 disadvantage disadvantage NN cord-026144-buctm04o 41 3 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 41 4 this this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 41 5 approach approach NN cord-026144-buctm04o 41 6 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 41 7 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 41 8 loss loss NN cord-026144-buctm04o 41 9 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 41 10 2 2 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 41 11 Such such JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 41 12 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 41 13 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 41 14 World World NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 41 15 Trade Trade NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 41 16 Organization Organization NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 41 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 41 18 WTO WTO NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 41 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 41 20 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 41 21 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 41 22 World World NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 41 23 Bank Bank NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 41 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 41 25 WB WB NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 41 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 41 27 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 41 28 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 41 29 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 41 30 International International NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 41 31 Monetary Monetary NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 41 32 Fund Fund NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 41 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 41 34 IMF IMF NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 41 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 41 36 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 42 1 3 3 LS cord-026144-buctm04o 43 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 43 2 studies study NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 43 3 that that WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 43 4 used use VBD cord-026144-buctm04o 43 5 surveys survey NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 43 6 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 43 7 understanding understand VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 43 8 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 43 9 impact impact NN cord-026144-buctm04o 43 10 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 43 11 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 43 12 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 43 13 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 43 14 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 43 15 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 43 16 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 43 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 43 18 30 30 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 43 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 43 20 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 43 21 also also RB cord-026144-buctm04o 43 22 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 43 23 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 43 24 biases bias NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 43 25 present present JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 43 26 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 43 27 survey survey NN cord-026144-buctm04o 43 28 methods method NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 43 29 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 44 1 First first RB cord-026144-buctm04o 44 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 44 3 survey survey NN cord-026144-buctm04o 44 4 responses response NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 44 5 have have VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 44 6 subjective subjective JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 44 7 components component NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 44 8 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 45 1 If if IN cord-026144-buctm04o 45 2 this this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 45 3 subjectivity subjectivity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 45 4 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 45 5 common common JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 45 6 across across IN cord-026144-buctm04o 45 7 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 45 8 survey survey NN cord-026144-buctm04o 45 9 respondents respondent NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 45 10 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 45 11 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 45 12 strong strong JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 45 13 bias bias NN cord-026144-buctm04o 45 14 will will MD cord-026144-buctm04o 45 15 be be VB cord-026144-buctm04o 45 16 present present JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 45 17 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 45 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 45 19 responses response NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 45 20 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 46 1 For for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 46 2 example example NN cord-026144-buctm04o 46 3 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 46 4 managers manager NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 46 5 from from IN cord-026144-buctm04o 46 6 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 46 7 same same JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 46 8 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 46 9 tend tend VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 46 10 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 46 11 exhibit exhibit VB cord-026144-buctm04o 46 12 common common JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 46 13 bias bias NN cord-026144-buctm04o 46 14 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 46 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 46 16 responses response NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 46 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 46 18 8 8 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 46 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 46 20 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 47 1 Second second RB cord-026144-buctm04o 47 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 47 3 survey survey NN cord-026144-buctm04o 47 4 responses response NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 47 5 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 47 6 difficult difficult JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 47 7 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 47 8 verify verify VB cord-026144-buctm04o 47 9 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 48 1 Managers manager NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 48 2 may may MD cord-026144-buctm04o 48 3 over over RB cord-026144-buctm04o 48 4 - - : cord-026144-buctm04o 48 5 or or CC cord-026144-buctm04o 48 6 under under IN cord-026144-buctm04o 48 7 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 48 8 estimate estimate VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 48 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 48 10 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 48 11 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 48 12 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 48 13 systematically systematically RB cord-026144-buctm04o 48 14 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 48 15 depending depend VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 48 16 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 48 17 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 48 18 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 48 19 where where WRB cord-026144-buctm04o 48 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 48 21 firms firm NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 48 22 operate operate VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 48 23 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 49 1 Finally finally RB cord-026144-buctm04o 49 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 49 3 survey survey NN cord-026144-buctm04o 49 4 research research NN cord-026144-buctm04o 49 5 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 49 6 often often RB cord-026144-buctm04o 49 7 done do VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 49 8 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 49 9 one one CD cord-026144-buctm04o 49 10 cross cross JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 49 11 - - NN cord-026144-buctm04o 49 12 section section NN cord-026144-buctm04o 49 13 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 49 14 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 49 15 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 49 16 making make VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 49 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 49 18 impossible impossible JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 49 19 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 49 20 capture capture VB cord-026144-buctm04o 49 21 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 49 22 variation variation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 49 23 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 49 24 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 49 25 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 50 1 4 4 LS cord-026144-buctm04o 50 2 Methods method NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 50 3 like like IN cord-026144-buctm04o 50 4 vector vector NN cord-026144-buctm04o 50 5 autoregression autoregression NN cord-026144-buctm04o 50 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 50 7 VAR VAR NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 50 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 50 9 often often RB cord-026144-buctm04o 50 10 filter filter VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 50 11 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 50 12 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 50 13 make make VB cord-026144-buctm04o 50 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 50 15 stationary stationary JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 50 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 50 17 15 15 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 50 18 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 50 19 17 17 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 50 20 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 50 21 34 34 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 50 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 50 23 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 51 1 statistical statistical JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 51 2 efficiency efficiency NN cord-026144-buctm04o 51 3 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 51 4 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 51 5 result result NN cord-026144-buctm04o 51 6 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 51 7 ignoring ignore VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 51 8 effects effect NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 51 9 present present JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 51 10 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 51 11 part part NN cord-026144-buctm04o 51 12 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 51 13 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 51 14 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 51 15 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 52 1 Further further RB cord-026144-buctm04o 52 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 52 3 this this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 52 4 approach approach NN cord-026144-buctm04o 52 5 assumes assume VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 52 6 that that IN cord-026144-buctm04o 52 7 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 52 8 underlying underlying JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 52 9 adjustment adjustment NN cord-026144-buctm04o 52 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 52 11 due due IN cord-026144-buctm04o 52 12 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 52 13 events event NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 52 14 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 52 15 such such JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 52 16 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 52 17 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 52 18 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 52 19 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 52 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 52 21 occurs occur VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 52 22 instantaneously instantaneously RB cord-026144-buctm04o 52 23 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 53 1 However however RB cord-026144-buctm04o 53 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 53 3 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 53 4 practice practice NN cord-026144-buctm04o 53 5 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 53 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 53 7 may may MD cord-026144-buctm04o 53 8 take take VB cord-026144-buctm04o 53 9 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 53 10 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 53 11 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 53 12 markets market NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 53 13 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 53 14 adjust adjust VB cord-026144-buctm04o 53 15 before before IN cord-026144-buctm04o 53 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 53 17 reaches reach VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 53 18 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 53 19 new new JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 53 20 equilibrium equilibrium NN cord-026144-buctm04o 53 21 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 54 1 This this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 54 2 also also RB cord-026144-buctm04o 54 3 serves serve VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 54 4 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 54 5 highlight highlight VB cord-026144-buctm04o 54 6 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 54 7 drawback drawback NN cord-026144-buctm04o 54 8 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 54 9 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 54 10 approach approach NN cord-026144-buctm04o 54 11 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 54 12 assuming assume VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 54 13 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 54 14 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 54 15 invariant invariant JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 54 16 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 54 17 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 54 18 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 54 19 ' ' `` cord-026144-buctm04o 54 20 before before IN cord-026144-buctm04o 54 21 ' ' '' cord-026144-buctm04o 54 22 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 54 23 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 54 24 as as RB cord-026144-buctm04o 54 25 well well RB cord-026144-buctm04o 54 26 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 54 27 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 54 28 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 54 29 ' ' `` cord-026144-buctm04o 54 30 after after IN cord-026144-buctm04o 54 31 ' ' '' cord-026144-buctm04o 54 32 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 54 33 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 55 1 Third third RB cord-026144-buctm04o 55 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 55 3 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 55 4 effects effect NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 55 5 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 55 6 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 55 7 drivers driver NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 55 8 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 55 9 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 55 10 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 55 11 cost cost NN cord-026144-buctm04o 55 12 may may MD cord-026144-buctm04o 55 13 vary vary VB cord-026144-buctm04o 55 14 across across IN cord-026144-buctm04o 55 15 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 55 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 55 17 28 28 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 55 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 55 19 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 55 20 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 55 21 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 55 22 need need VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 55 23 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 55 24 account account VB cord-026144-buctm04o 55 25 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 55 26 this this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 55 27 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 55 28 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 56 1 A a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 56 2 well well RB cord-026144-buctm04o 56 3 accepted accept VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 56 4 way way NN cord-026144-buctm04o 56 5 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 56 6 incorporate incorporate VB cord-026144-buctm04o 56 7 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 56 8 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 56 9 by by IN cord-026144-buctm04o 56 10 using use VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 56 11 hierarchical hierarchical JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 56 12 models model NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 56 13 that that WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 56 14 estimate estimate VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 56 15 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 56 16 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 56 17 specific specific JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 56 18 effects effect NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 56 19 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 56 20 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 56 21 drivers driver NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 56 22 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 56 23 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 56 24 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 56 25 cost cost VBD cord-026144-buctm04o 56 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 56 27 40 40 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 56 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 56 29 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 57 1 However however RB cord-026144-buctm04o 57 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 57 3 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 57 4 hierarchical hierarchical JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 57 5 models model NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 57 6 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 57 7 difficult difficult JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 57 8 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 57 9 embed embed VB cord-026144-buctm04o 57 10 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 57 11 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 57 12 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 57 13 series series NN cord-026144-buctm04o 57 14 analysis analysis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 57 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 57 16 24 24 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 57 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 57 18 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 57 19 studies study NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 57 20 tend tend VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 57 21 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 57 22 aggregate aggregate VB cord-026144-buctm04o 57 23 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 57 24 across across IN cord-026144-buctm04o 57 25 cross cross NN cord-026144-buctm04o 57 26 - - NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 57 27 sections section NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 57 28 which which WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 57 29 leads lead VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 57 30 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 57 31 aggregation aggregation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 57 32 biases bias NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 57 33 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 57 34 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 57 35 parameter parameter NN cord-026144-buctm04o 57 36 estimates estimate NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 57 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 57 38 14 14 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 57 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 57 40 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 58 1 Nonstationarity Nonstationarity NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 58 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 58 3 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 58 4 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 58 5 varying vary VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 58 6 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 58 7 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 58 8 cross cross JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 58 9 - - JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 58 10 sectional sectional JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 58 11 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 58 12 render render VB cord-026144-buctm04o 58 13 measurement measurement NN cord-026144-buctm04o 58 14 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 58 15 modeling modeling NN cord-026144-buctm04o 58 16 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 58 17 factors factor NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 58 18 that that WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 58 19 impact impact VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 58 20 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 58 21 dependent dependent JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 58 22 variable variable NN cord-026144-buctm04o 58 23 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 58 24 interest interest NN cord-026144-buctm04o 58 25 - - : cord-026144-buctm04o 58 26 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 58 27 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 58 28 case case NN cord-026144-buctm04o 58 29 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 58 30 cost cost NN cord-026144-buctm04o 58 31 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 58 32 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 58 33 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 58 34 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 58 35 challenging challenge VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 58 36 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 58 37 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 58 38 environments environment NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 58 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 58 40 such such JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 58 41 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 58 42 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 58 43 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 58 44 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 58 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 58 46 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 59 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-026144-buctm04o 59 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 59 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 59 4 propose propose VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 59 5 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 59 6 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 59 7 hierarchical hierarchical JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 59 8 linear linear JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 59 9 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 59 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 59 11 DHLM DHLM NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 59 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 59 13 that that WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 59 14 addresses address VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 59 15 all all PDT cord-026144-buctm04o 59 16 these these DT cord-026144-buctm04o 59 17 three three CD cord-026144-buctm04o 59 18 concerns concern NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 59 19 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 59 20 permits permit VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 59 21 us -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 59 22 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 59 23 explain explain VB cord-026144-buctm04o 59 24 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 59 25 variations variation NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 59 26 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 59 27 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 59 28 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 59 29 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 59 30 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 59 31 several several JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 59 32 years year NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 59 33 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 59 34 while while IN cord-026144-buctm04o 59 35 also also RB cord-026144-buctm04o 59 36 allowing allow VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 59 37 us -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 59 38 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 59 39 detect detect VB cord-026144-buctm04o 59 40 any any DT cord-026144-buctm04o 59 41 variation variation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 59 42 across across IN cord-026144-buctm04o 59 43 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 59 44 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 59 45 if if IN cord-026144-buctm04o 59 46 present present JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 59 47 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 60 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 60 2 DHLM dhlm NN cord-026144-buctm04o 60 3 consists consist VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 60 4 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 60 5 three three CD cord-026144-buctm04o 60 6 levels level NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 60 7 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 60 8 equations equation NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 60 9 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 61 1 At at IN cord-026144-buctm04o 61 2 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 61 3 higher high JJR cord-026144-buctm04o 61 4 level level NN cord-026144-buctm04o 61 5 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 61 6 Observation Observation NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 61 7 Equation Equation NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 61 8 specifies specify VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 61 9 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 61 10 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 61 11 each each DT cord-026144-buctm04o 61 12 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 61 13 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 61 14 each each DT cord-026144-buctm04o 61 15 year year NN cord-026144-buctm04o 61 16 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 61 17 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 61 18 relationship relationship NN cord-026144-buctm04o 61 19 between between IN cord-026144-buctm04o 61 20 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 61 21 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 61 22 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 61 23 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 61 24 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 61 25 set set NN cord-026144-buctm04o 61 26 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 61 27 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 61 28 variables variable NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 61 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 61 30 e.g. e.g. RB cord-026144-buctm04o 61 31 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 61 32 inflation inflation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 61 33 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 61 34 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 61 35 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 61 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 61 37 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 62 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 62 2 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 62 3 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 62 4 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 62 5 predictors predictor NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 62 6 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 62 7 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 62 8 Observation Observation NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 62 9 Equation Equation NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 62 10 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 62 11 allowed allow VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 62 12 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 62 13 vary vary VB cord-026144-buctm04o 62 14 across across IN cord-026144-buctm04o 62 15 crosssection crosssection NN cord-026144-buctm04o 62 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 62 17 i.e. i.e. FW cord-026144-buctm04o 62 18 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 62 19 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 62 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 62 21 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 62 22 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 62 23 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 62 24 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 63 1 Next next RB cord-026144-buctm04o 63 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 63 3 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 63 4 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 63 5 Pooling Pooling NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 63 6 Equation Equation NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 63 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 63 8 specify specify VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 63 9 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 63 10 relationship relationship NN cord-026144-buctm04o 63 11 between between IN cord-026144-buctm04o 63 12 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 63 13 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 63 14 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 63 15 specific specific JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 63 16 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 63 17 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 63 18 varying vary VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 63 19 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 63 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 63 21 i.e. i.e. FW cord-026144-buctm04o 63 22 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 63 23 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 63 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 63 25 from from IN cord-026144-buctm04o 63 26 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 63 27 Observation Observation NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 63 28 Equation Equation NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 63 29 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 63 30 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 63 31 new new JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 63 32 set set NN cord-026144-buctm04o 63 33 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 63 34 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 63 35 that that WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 63 36 vary vary VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 63 37 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 63 38 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 63 39 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 63 40 but but CC cord-026144-buctm04o 63 41 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 63 42 common common JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 63 43 across across IN cord-026144-buctm04o 63 44 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 63 45 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 64 1 Thus thus RB cord-026144-buctm04o 64 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 64 3 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 64 4 Pooling Pooling NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 64 5 Equation Equation NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 64 6 enables enable VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 64 7 us -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 64 8 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 64 9 capture capture VB cord-026144-buctm04o 64 10 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 64 11 " " `` cord-026144-buctm04o 64 12 average average JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 64 13 " " '' cord-026144-buctm04o 64 14 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 64 15 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 64 16 varying vary VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 64 17 effect effect NN cord-026144-buctm04o 64 18 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 64 19 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 64 20 variables variable NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 64 21 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 64 22 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 64 23 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 64 24 cost cost NN cord-026144-buctm04o 64 25 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 65 1 Finally finally RB cord-026144-buctm04o 65 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 65 3 this this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 65 4 " " `` cord-026144-buctm04o 65 5 average average JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 65 6 " " '' cord-026144-buctm04o 65 7 effect effect NN cord-026144-buctm04o 65 8 can can MD cord-026144-buctm04o 65 9 vary vary VB cord-026144-buctm04o 65 10 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 65 11 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 65 12 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 65 13 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 65 14 likely likely JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 65 15 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 65 16 depend depend VB cord-026144-buctm04o 65 17 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 65 18 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 65 19 level level NN cord-026144-buctm04o 65 20 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 65 21 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 65 22 previous previous JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 65 23 period period NN cord-026144-buctm04o 65 24 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 66 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 66 2 Evolution Evolution NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 66 3 Equation Equation NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 66 4 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 66 5 which which WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 66 6 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 66 7 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 66 8 lowest low JJS cord-026144-buctm04o 66 9 level level NN cord-026144-buctm04o 66 10 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 66 11 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 66 12 DHLM dhlm NN cord-026144-buctm04o 66 13 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 66 14 captures capture VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 66 15 these these DT cord-026144-buctm04o 66 16 potential potential JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 66 17 changes change NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 66 18 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 66 19 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 66 20 " " `` cord-026144-buctm04o 66 21 average average JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 66 22 " " '' cord-026144-buctm04o 66 23 effects effect NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 66 24 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 66 25 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 66 26 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 66 27 variables variable NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 66 28 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 66 29 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 66 30 flexible flexible JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 66 31 way way NN cord-026144-buctm04o 66 32 through through IN cord-026144-buctm04o 66 33 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 66 34 random random JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 66 35 walk walk NN cord-026144-buctm04o 66 36 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 67 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 67 2 employ employ VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 67 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 67 4 DHLM dhlm NN cord-026144-buctm04o 67 5 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 67 6 study study VB cord-026144-buctm04o 67 7 how how WRB cord-026144-buctm04o 67 8 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 67 9 effects effect NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 67 10 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 67 11 four four CD cord-026144-buctm04o 67 12 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 67 13 variables variable NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 67 14 - - : cord-026144-buctm04o 67 15 GDP gdp NN cord-026144-buctm04o 67 16 growth growth NN cord-026144-buctm04o 67 17 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 67 18 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 67 19 intensity intensity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 67 20 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 67 21 inflation inflation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 67 22 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 67 23 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 67 24 stock stock NN cord-026144-buctm04o 67 25 market market NN cord-026144-buctm04o 67 26 capitalization capitalization NN cord-026144-buctm04o 67 27 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 67 28 on on RP cord-026144-buctm04o 67 29 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 67 30 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 67 31 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 67 32 varied vary VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 67 33 across across IN cord-026144-buctm04o 67 34 8 8 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 67 35 nations nation NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 67 36 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 67 37 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 67 38 period period NN cord-026144-buctm04o 67 39 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 67 40 five five CD cord-026144-buctm04o 67 41 years year NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 67 42 from from IN cord-026144-buctm04o 67 43 2006 2006 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 67 44 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 67 45 2010 2010 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 67 46 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 68 1 5 5 LS cord-026144-buctm04o 69 1 Although although IN cord-026144-buctm04o 69 2 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 69 3 objective objective NN cord-026144-buctm04o 69 4 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 69 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 69 6 paper paper NN cord-026144-buctm04o 69 7 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 69 8 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 69 9 introduce introduce VB cord-026144-buctm04o 69 10 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 69 11 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 69 12 that that WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 69 13 can can MD cord-026144-buctm04o 69 14 address address VB cord-026144-buctm04o 69 15 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 69 16 different different JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 69 17 challenges challenge NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 69 18 outlined outline VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 69 19 earlier early RBR cord-026144-buctm04o 69 20 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 69 21 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 69 22 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 69 23 estimates estimate NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 69 24 provide provide VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 69 25 several several JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 69 26 interesting interesting JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 69 27 insights insight NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 69 28 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 70 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 70 2 find find VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 70 3 that that IN cord-026144-buctm04o 70 4 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 70 5 effect effect NN cord-026144-buctm04o 70 6 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 70 7 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 70 8 indicators indicator NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 70 9 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 70 10 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 70 11 cost cost NN cord-026144-buctm04o 70 12 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 70 13 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 70 14 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 70 15 varies vary VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 70 16 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 70 17 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 70 18 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 70 19 that that IN cord-026144-buctm04o 70 20 most most JJS cord-026144-buctm04o 70 21 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 70 22 this this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 70 23 variation variation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 70 24 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 70 25 present present JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 70 26 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 70 27 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 70 28 years year NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 70 29 preceding precede VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 70 30 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 70 31 succeeding succeed VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 70 32 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 70 33 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 70 34 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 70 35 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 71 1 This this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 71 2 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 71 3 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 71 4 interest interest NN cord-026144-buctm04o 71 5 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 71 6 policymakers policymaker NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 71 7 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 71 8 deciding decide VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 71 9 how how WRB cord-026144-buctm04o 71 10 long long JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 71 11 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 71 12 implement implement VB cord-026144-buctm04o 71 13 interventions intervention NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 71 14 designed design VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 71 15 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 71 16 ease ease VB cord-026144-buctm04o 71 17 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 71 18 cost cost NN cord-026144-buctm04o 71 19 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 71 20 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 71 21 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 71 22 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 72 1 In in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 72 2 addition addition NN cord-026144-buctm04o 72 3 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 72 4 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 72 5 trajectory trajectory NN cord-026144-buctm04o 72 6 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 72 7 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 72 8 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 72 9 varying vary VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 72 10 effects effect NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 72 11 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 72 12 GDP GDP NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 72 13 growth growth NN cord-026144-buctm04o 72 14 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 72 15 inflation inflation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 72 16 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 72 17 consistent consistent JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 72 18 with with IN cord-026144-buctm04o 72 19 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 72 20 " " `` cord-026144-buctm04o 72 21 flight flight NN cord-026144-buctm04o 72 22 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 72 23 quality quality NN cord-026144-buctm04o 72 24 " " '' cord-026144-buctm04o 72 25 story story NN cord-026144-buctm04o 72 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 72 27 12 12 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 72 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 72 29 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 72 30 during during IN cord-026144-buctm04o 72 31 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 72 32 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 72 33 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 72 34 cost cost NN cord-026144-buctm04o 72 35 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 72 36 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 72 37 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 72 38 reduces reduce VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 72 39 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 72 40 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 72 41 that that WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 72 42 have have VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 72 43 high high JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 72 44 GDP gdp NN cord-026144-buctm04o 72 45 growth growth NN cord-026144-buctm04o 72 46 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 72 47 low low JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 72 48 inflation inflation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 72 49 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 73 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 73 2 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 73 3 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 73 4 varying vary VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 73 5 effects effect NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 73 6 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 73 7 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 73 8 intensity intensity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 73 9 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 73 10 also also RB cord-026144-buctm04o 73 11 consistent consistent JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 73 12 with with IN cord-026144-buctm04o 73 13 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 73 14 expectations expectation NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 73 15 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 73 16 but but CC cord-026144-buctm04o 73 17 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 73 18 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 73 19 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 73 20 varying vary VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 73 21 effect effect NN cord-026144-buctm04o 73 22 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 73 23 market market NN cord-026144-buctm04o 73 24 capitalization capitalization NN cord-026144-buctm04o 73 25 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 73 26 counter counter JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 73 27 - - JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 73 28 intuitive intuitive JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 73 29 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 74 1 Finally finally RB cord-026144-buctm04o 74 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 74 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 74 4 also also RB cord-026144-buctm04o 74 5 note note VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 74 6 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 74 7 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 74 8 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 74 9 trajectory trajectory NN cord-026144-buctm04o 74 10 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 74 11 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 74 12 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 74 13 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 74 14 specific specific JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 74 15 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 74 16 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 74 17 varying vary VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 74 18 effects effect NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 74 19 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 74 20 primarily primarily RB cord-026144-buctm04o 74 21 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 74 22 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 74 23 effects effect NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 74 24 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 74 25 stock stock NN cord-026144-buctm04o 74 26 market market NN cord-026144-buctm04o 74 27 capitalization capitalization NN cord-026144-buctm04o 74 28 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 74 29 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 74 30 intensity intensity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 74 31 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 75 1 This this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 75 2 research research NN cord-026144-buctm04o 75 3 makes make VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 75 4 two two CD cord-026144-buctm04o 75 5 contributions contribution NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 75 6 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 76 1 First first RB cord-026144-buctm04o 76 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 76 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 76 4 introduce introduce VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 76 5 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 76 6 new new JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 76 7 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 76 8 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 76 9 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 76 10 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 76 11 literature literature NN cord-026144-buctm04o 76 12 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 76 13 study study VB cord-026144-buctm04o 76 14 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 76 15 evolution evolution NN cord-026144-buctm04o 76 16 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 76 17 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 76 18 drivers driver NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 76 19 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 76 20 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 76 21 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 76 22 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 76 23 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 76 24 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 76 25 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 76 26 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 76 27 environments environment NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 76 28 such such JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 76 29 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 76 30 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 76 31 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 76 32 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 76 33 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 76 34 while while IN cord-026144-buctm04o 76 35 also also RB cord-026144-buctm04o 76 36 allowing allow VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 76 37 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 76 38 impact impact NN cord-026144-buctm04o 76 39 due due IN cord-026144-buctm04o 76 40 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 76 41 these these DT cord-026144-buctm04o 76 42 drivers driver NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 76 43 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 76 44 be be VB cord-026144-buctm04o 76 45 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 76 46 across across IN cord-026144-buctm04o 76 47 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 76 48 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 77 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 77 2 modeling modeling NN cord-026144-buctm04o 77 3 approach approach NN cord-026144-buctm04o 77 4 addresses address VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 77 5 concerns concern NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 77 6 related relate VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 77 7 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 77 8 nonstationarity nonstationarity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 77 9 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 77 10 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 77 11 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 77 12 varying vary VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 77 13 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 77 14 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 77 15 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 77 16 cross cross JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 77 17 - - JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 77 18 sectional sectional JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 77 19 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 77 20 that that WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 77 21 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 77 22 endemic endemic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 77 23 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 77 24 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 77 25 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 77 26 series series NN cord-026144-buctm04o 77 27 analysis analysis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 77 28 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 77 29 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 77 30 environments environment NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 77 31 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 78 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 78 2 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 78 3 can can MD cord-026144-buctm04o 78 4 be be VB cord-026144-buctm04o 78 5 adopted adopt VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 78 6 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 78 7 study study VB cord-026144-buctm04o 78 8 evolution evolution NN cord-026144-buctm04o 78 9 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 78 10 various various JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 78 11 other other JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 78 12 variables variable NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 78 13 such such JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 78 14 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 78 15 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 78 16 services service NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 78 17 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 78 18 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 78 19 global global JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 78 20 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 78 21 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 79 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 79 2 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 79 3 can can MD cord-026144-buctm04o 79 4 also also RB cord-026144-buctm04o 79 5 be be VB cord-026144-buctm04o 79 6 extended extend VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 79 7 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 79 8 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 79 9 more more RBR cord-026144-buctm04o 79 10 granular granular JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 79 11 level level NN cord-026144-buctm04o 79 12 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 79 13 incorporate incorporate VB cord-026144-buctm04o 79 14 firm firm JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 79 15 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 79 16 level level NN cord-026144-buctm04o 79 17 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 79 18 by by IN cord-026144-buctm04o 79 19 using use VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 79 20 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 79 21 second second JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 79 22 pooling pooling NN cord-026144-buctm04o 79 23 equation equation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 79 24 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 80 1 Doing do VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 80 2 this this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 80 3 can can MD cord-026144-buctm04o 80 4 pave pave VB cord-026144-buctm04o 80 5 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 80 6 way way NN cord-026144-buctm04o 80 7 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 80 8 identify identify VB cord-026144-buctm04o 80 9 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 80 10 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 80 11 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 80 12 companies company NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 80 13 which which WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 80 14 may may MD cord-026144-buctm04o 80 15 need need VB cord-026144-buctm04o 80 16 assistance assistance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 80 17 during during IN cord-026144-buctm04o 80 18 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 80 19 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 80 20 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 80 21 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 81 1 Thus thus RB cord-026144-buctm04o 81 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 81 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 81 4 research research NN cord-026144-buctm04o 81 5 can can MD cord-026144-buctm04o 81 6 remove remove VB cord-026144-buctm04o 81 7 subjectivity subjectivity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 81 8 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 81 9 extending extend VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 81 10 benefits benefit NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 81 11 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 81 12 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 81 13 affected affect VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 81 14 exporters exporter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 81 15 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 81 16 importers importer NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 81 17 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 82 1 Even even RB cord-026144-buctm04o 82 2 large large JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 82 3 scale scale NN cord-026144-buctm04o 82 4 surveys survey NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 82 5 may may MD cord-026144-buctm04o 82 6 not not RB cord-026144-buctm04o 82 7 be be VB cord-026144-buctm04o 82 8 able able JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 82 9 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 82 10 provide provide VB cord-026144-buctm04o 82 11 such such JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 82 12 granular granular JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 82 13 implications implication NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 82 14 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 82 15 policy policy NN cord-026144-buctm04o 82 16 makers maker NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 82 17 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 83 1 Second second RB cord-026144-buctm04o 83 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 83 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 83 4 research research NN cord-026144-buctm04o 83 5 has have VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 83 6 substantive substantive JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 83 7 implications implication NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 83 8 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 84 1 Using use VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 84 2 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 84 3 combination combination NN cord-026144-buctm04o 84 4 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 84 5 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 84 6 from from IN cord-026144-buctm04o 84 7 Loan Loan NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 84 8 Pricing Pricing NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 84 9 Corporation Corporation NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 84 10 's 's POS cord-026144-buctm04o 84 11 Dealscan dealscan JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 84 12 database database NN cord-026144-buctm04o 84 13 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 84 14 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 84 15 World World NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 84 16 Bank Bank NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 84 17 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 84 18 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 84 19 complement complement VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 84 20 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 84 21 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 84 22 literature literature NN cord-026144-buctm04o 84 23 by by IN cord-026144-buctm04o 84 24 empirically empirically RB cord-026144-buctm04o 84 25 studying study VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 84 26 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 84 27 evolution evolution NN cord-026144-buctm04o 84 28 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 84 29 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 84 30 drivers driver NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 84 31 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 84 32 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 84 33 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 84 34 cost cost NN cord-026144-buctm04o 84 35 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 85 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 85 2 find find VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 85 3 that that IN cord-026144-buctm04o 85 4 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 85 5 impact impact NN cord-026144-buctm04o 85 6 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 85 7 these these DT cord-026144-buctm04o 85 8 drivers driver NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 85 9 varies vary VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 85 10 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 85 11 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 85 12 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 85 13 with with IN cord-026144-buctm04o 85 14 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 85 15 large large JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 85 16 part part NN cord-026144-buctm04o 85 17 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 85 18 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 85 19 variation variation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 85 20 present present JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 85 21 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 85 22 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 85 23 years year NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 85 24 preceding precede VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 85 25 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 85 26 succeeding succeed VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 85 27 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 85 28 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 85 29 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 85 30 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 86 1 To to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 86 2 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 86 3 best good JJS cord-026144-buctm04o 86 4 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 86 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 86 6 knowledge knowledge NN cord-026144-buctm04o 86 7 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 86 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 86 9 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 86 10 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 86 11 first first JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 86 12 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 86 13 study study VB cord-026144-buctm04o 86 14 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 86 15 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 86 16 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 86 17 varying vary VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 86 18 impact impact NN cord-026144-buctm04o 86 19 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 86 20 these these DT cord-026144-buctm04o 86 21 macro macro JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 86 22 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 86 23 economic economic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 86 24 drivers driver NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 86 25 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 86 26 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 86 27 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 86 28 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 86 29 this this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 86 30 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 86 31 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 86 32 use use NN cord-026144-buctm04o 86 33 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 86 34 policy policy NN cord-026144-buctm04o 86 35 makers maker NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 86 36 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 86 37 deciding decide VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 86 38 how how WRB cord-026144-buctm04o 86 39 long long JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 86 40 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 86 41 extend extend VB cord-026144-buctm04o 86 42 benefits benefit NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 86 43 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 86 44 parties party NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 86 45 affected affect VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 86 46 by by IN cord-026144-buctm04o 86 47 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 86 48 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 86 49 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 87 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 87 2 paper paper NN cord-026144-buctm04o 87 3 proceeds proceed VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 87 4 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 87 5 follows follow VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 87 6 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 88 1 In in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 88 2 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 88 3 first first JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 88 4 section section NN cord-026144-buctm04o 88 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 88 6 describe describe VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 88 7 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 88 8 DHLM dhlm NN cord-026144-buctm04o 88 9 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 89 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 89 2 provide provide VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 89 3 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 89 4 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 89 5 underpinnings underpinning NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 89 6 necessary necessary JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 89 7 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 89 8 estimate estimate VB cord-026144-buctm04o 89 9 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 89 10 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 89 11 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 90 1 Next next RB cord-026144-buctm04o 90 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 90 3 describe describe VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 90 4 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 90 5 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 90 6 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 90 7 variables variable NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 90 8 used use VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 90 9 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 90 10 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 90 11 empirical empirical JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 90 12 analysis analysis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 90 13 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 91 1 In in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 91 2 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 91 3 fourth fourth JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 91 4 section section NN cord-026144-buctm04o 91 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 91 6 provide provide VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 91 7 detailed detailed JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 91 8 discussion discussion NN cord-026144-buctm04o 91 9 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 91 10 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 91 11 results result NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 91 12 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 92 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 92 2 conclude conclude VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 92 3 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 92 4 paper paper NN cord-026144-buctm04o 92 5 with with IN cord-026144-buctm04o 92 6 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 92 7 discussion discussion NN cord-026144-buctm04o 92 8 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 92 9 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 92 10 findings finding NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 92 11 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 93 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 93 2 specify specify VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 93 3 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 93 4 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 93 5 cost cost NN cord-026144-buctm04o 93 6 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 93 7 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 93 8 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 93 9 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 93 10 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 93 11 function function NN cord-026144-buctm04o 93 12 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 93 13 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 93 14 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 93 15 specific specific JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 93 16 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 93 17 variables variable NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 93 18 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 93 19 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 93 20 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 93 21 specific specific JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 93 22 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 93 23 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 93 24 varying vary VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 93 25 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 93 26 using use VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 93 27 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 93 28 DHLM dhlm NN cord-026144-buctm04o 93 29 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 94 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 94 2 DHLM dhlm NN cord-026144-buctm04o 94 3 has have VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 94 4 been be VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 94 5 used use VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 94 6 by by IN cord-026144-buctm04o 94 7 previous previous JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 94 8 studies study NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 94 9 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 94 10 marketing marketing NN cord-026144-buctm04o 94 11 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 94 12 statistics statistic NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 94 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 94 14 19 19 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 94 15 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 94 16 26 26 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 94 17 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 94 18 33 33 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 94 19 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 94 20 35 35 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 94 21 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 94 22 39 39 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 94 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 94 24 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 94 25 estimate estimate VB cord-026144-buctm04o 94 26 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 94 27 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 94 28 varying vary VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 94 29 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 94 30 at at IN cord-026144-buctm04o 94 31 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 94 32 disaggregate disaggregate JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 94 33 level level NN cord-026144-buctm04o 94 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 94 35 e.g. e.g. RB cord-026144-buctm04o 94 36 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 94 37 at at IN cord-026144-buctm04o 94 38 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 94 39 level level NN cord-026144-buctm04o 94 40 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 94 41 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 94 42 brand brand NN cord-026144-buctm04o 94 43 or or CC cord-026144-buctm04o 94 44 store store NN cord-026144-buctm04o 94 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 94 46 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 95 1 A a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 95 2 DHLM dhlm NN cord-026144-buctm04o 95 3 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 95 4 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 95 5 combination combination NN cord-026144-buctm04o 95 6 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 95 7 Dynamic dynamic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 95 8 linear linear JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 95 9 models model NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 95 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 95 11 DLM DLM NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 95 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 95 13 which which WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 95 14 estimates estimate VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 95 15 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 95 16 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 95 17 varying vary VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 95 18 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 95 19 at at IN cord-026144-buctm04o 95 20 an an DT cord-026144-buctm04o 95 21 aggregate aggregate JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 95 22 level level NN cord-026144-buctm04o 95 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 95 24 5 5 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 95 25 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 95 26 6 6 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 95 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 95 28 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 95 29 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 95 30 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 95 31 Hierarchical Hierarchical NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 95 32 Bayesian Bayesian NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 95 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 95 34 HB HB NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 95 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 95 36 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 95 37 which which WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 95 38 estimates estimate VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 95 39 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 95 40 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 95 41 invariant invariant JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 95 42 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 95 43 at at IN cord-026144-buctm04o 95 44 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 95 45 disaggregate disaggregate JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 95 46 level level NN cord-026144-buctm04o 95 47 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 95 48 31 31 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 95 49 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 95 50 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 96 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 96 2 DHLM dhlm NN cord-026144-buctm04o 96 3 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 96 4 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 96 5 HB HB NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 96 6 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 96 7 both both DT cord-026144-buctm04o 96 8 have have VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 96 9 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 96 10 hierarchical hierarchical JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 96 11 structure structure NN cord-026144-buctm04o 96 12 which which WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 96 13 permits permit VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 96 14 us -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 96 15 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 96 16 pool pool VB cord-026144-buctm04o 96 17 information information NN cord-026144-buctm04o 96 18 across across IN cord-026144-buctm04o 96 19 different different JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 96 20 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 96 21 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 96 22 arrive arrive VB cord-026144-buctm04o 96 23 at at IN cord-026144-buctm04o 96 24 overall overall JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 96 25 aggregate aggregate JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 96 26 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 96 27 level level NN cord-026144-buctm04o 96 28 inferences inference NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 96 29 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 97 1 Shrinking shrink VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 97 2 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 97 3 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 97 4 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 97 5 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 97 6 specific specific JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 97 7 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 97 8 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 97 9 an an DT cord-026144-buctm04o 97 10 " " `` cord-026144-buctm04o 97 11 average average JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 97 12 " " '' cord-026144-buctm04o 97 13 effect effect NN cord-026144-buctm04o 97 14 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 97 15 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 97 16 key key JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 97 17 variables variable NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 97 18 across across IN cord-026144-buctm04o 97 19 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 97 20 has have VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 97 21 been be VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 97 22 used use VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 97 23 by by IN cord-026144-buctm04o 97 24 other other JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 97 25 researchers researcher NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 97 26 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 97 27 estimate estimate VB cord-026144-buctm04o 97 28 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 97 29 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 97 30 specific specific JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 97 31 tourism tourism NN cord-026144-buctm04o 97 32 marketing marketing NN cord-026144-buctm04o 97 33 elasticity elasticity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 97 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 97 35 39 39 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 97 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 97 37 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 97 38 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 97 39 estimate estimate VB cord-026144-buctm04o 97 40 store store NN cord-026144-buctm04o 97 41 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 97 42 level level NN cord-026144-buctm04o 97 43 price price NN cord-026144-buctm04o 97 44 elasticity elasticity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 97 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 97 46 31 31 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 97 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 97 48 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 98 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 98 2 specify specify VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 98 3 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 4 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 5 cost cost NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 6 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 7 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 98 8 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 9 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 10 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 98 11 function function NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 12 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 13 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 14 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 98 15 level level NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 16 variables variable NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 98 17 GDP gdp NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 18 growth growth NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 19 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 98 20 inflation inflation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 21 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 98 22 stock stock NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 23 market market NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 24 capitalization capitalization NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 25 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 98 26 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 27 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 98 28 where where WRB cord-026144-buctm04o 98 29 Trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 30 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 31 cost cost NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 32 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 98 33 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 98 34 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 98 35 cost cost NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 36 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 37 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 38 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 39 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 40 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 41 i i PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 98 42 at at IN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 43 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 44 t t NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 98 45 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 98 46 GDP GDP NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 98 47 growth growth NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 48 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 98 49 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 98 50 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 98 51 GDP GDP NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 98 52 growth growth NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 53 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 54 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 55 i i PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 98 56 at at IN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 57 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 58 t t NN cord-026144-buctm04o 98 59 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 98 60 Inflation inflation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 99 1 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 99 2 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 99 3 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 99 4 Inflation inflation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 99 5 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 99 6 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 100 1 i i PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 100 2 at at IN cord-026144-buctm04o 100 3 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 100 4 t t NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 100 5 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 100 6 Stock Stock NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 100 7 market market NN cord-026144-buctm04o 100 8 capitalization capitalization NN cord-026144-buctm04o 101 1 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 101 2 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 101 3 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 101 4 stock stock NN cord-026144-buctm04o 101 5 market market NN cord-026144-buctm04o 101 6 capitalization capitalization NN cord-026144-buctm04o 101 7 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 101 8 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 101 9 i i PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 101 10 at at IN cord-026144-buctm04o 101 11 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 101 12 t t NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 102 1 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 102 2 Trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 102 3 intensity intensity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 102 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 102 5 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 102 6 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 102 7 intensity intensity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 102 8 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 102 9 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 102 10 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 102 11 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 102 12 i i PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 102 13 at at IN cord-026144-buctm04o 102 14 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 102 15 t t NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 102 16 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 102 17 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 102 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 102 19 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 102 20 b b VB cord-026144-buctm04o 102 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 102 22 , , . cord-026144-buctm04o 103 1 c c LS cord-026144-buctm04o 103 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 103 3 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 103 4 d d XX cord-026144-buctm04o 103 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 103 6 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 103 7 f f LS cord-026144-buctm04o 103 8 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 103 9 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 103 10 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 103 11 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 103 12 specific specific JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 103 13 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 103 14 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 103 15 varying vary VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 103 16 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 103 17 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 103 18 u u NN cord-026144-buctm04o 103 19 1 1 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 103 20 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 103 21 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 103 22 error error NN cord-026144-buctm04o 103 23 term term NN cord-026144-buctm04o 103 24 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 104 1 In in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 104 2 order order NN cord-026144-buctm04o 104 3 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 104 4 specify specify VB cord-026144-buctm04o 104 5 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 104 6 equations equation NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 104 7 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 104 8 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 104 9 compact compact JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 104 10 manner manner NN cord-026144-buctm04o 104 11 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 104 12 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 104 13 cast cast VBD cord-026144-buctm04o 104 14 Eq Eq NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 104 15 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 105 1 1 1 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 105 2 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 105 3 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 105 4 observation observation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 105 5 equation equation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 105 6 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 105 7 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 105 8 DHLM dhlm NN cord-026144-buctm04o 105 9 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 106 1 A a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 106 2 DHLM dhlm NN cord-026144-buctm04o 106 3 also also RB cord-026144-buctm04o 106 4 consists consist VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 106 5 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 106 6 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 106 7 pooling pooling NN cord-026144-buctm04o 106 8 equation equation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 106 9 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 106 10 an an DT cord-026144-buctm04o 106 11 evolution evolution NN cord-026144-buctm04o 106 12 equation equation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 106 13 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 106 14 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 106 15 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 106 16 specify specify VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 106 17 these these DT cord-026144-buctm04o 106 18 three three CD cord-026144-buctm04o 106 19 equations equation NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 106 20 below below RB cord-026144-buctm04o 106 21 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 107 1 6 6 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 108 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 108 2 specify specify VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 108 3 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 108 4 observation observation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 108 5 equation equation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 108 6 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 108 7 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 108 8 An an DT cord-026144-buctm04o 108 9 observation observation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 108 10 y y NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 108 11 t t NN cord-026144-buctm04o 108 12 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 108 13 defined define VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 108 14 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 108 15 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 108 16 vector vector NN cord-026144-buctm04o 108 17 that that WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 108 18 consists consist VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 108 19 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 108 20 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 108 21 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 108 22 specific specific JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 108 23 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 108 24 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 108 25 cost cost NN cord-026144-buctm04o 108 26 at at IN cord-026144-buctm04o 108 27 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 108 28 t t NN cord-026144-buctm04o 108 29 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 108 30 whereas whereas IN cord-026144-buctm04o 108 31 F F NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 108 32 1 1 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 108 33 t t NN cord-026144-buctm04o 108 34 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 108 35 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 108 36 matrix matrix NN cord-026144-buctm04o 108 37 that that WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 108 38 contains contain VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 108 39 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 108 40 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 108 41 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 108 42 specific specific JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 108 43 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 108 44 variables variable NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 108 45 at at IN cord-026144-buctm04o 108 46 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 109 1 t. t. NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 110 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 110 2 vector vector NN cord-026144-buctm04o 110 3 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 110 4 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 110 5 h h NN cord-026144-buctm04o 110 6 1 1 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 110 7 t t NN cord-026144-buctm04o 110 8 contains contain VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 110 9 all all PDT cord-026144-buctm04o 110 10 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 110 11 countryspecific countryspecific JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 110 12 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 110 13 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 110 14 varying vary VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 110 15 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 110 16 defined define VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 110 17 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 110 18 Eq Eq NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 110 19 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 111 1 1 1 LS cord-026144-buctm04o 111 2 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 111 3 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 111 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 111 5 , , . cord-026144-buctm04o 112 1 b b LS cord-026144-buctm04o 112 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 112 3 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 112 4 c c VB cord-026144-buctm04o 112 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 112 6 , , . cord-026144-buctm04o 113 1 d d LS cord-026144-buctm04o 113 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 113 3 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 113 4 f f XX cord-026144-buctm04o 113 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 113 6 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 114 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 114 2 error error NN cord-026144-buctm04o 114 3 term term NN cord-026144-buctm04o 114 4 v v NN cord-026144-buctm04o 115 1 1it 1it NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 115 2 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 115 3 multivariate multivariate JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 115 4 normal normal JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 115 5 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 115 6 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 115 7 allowed allow VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 115 8 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 115 9 have have VB cord-026144-buctm04o 115 10 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 115 11 heteroskedastic heteroskedastic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 115 12 variance variance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 116 1 r r LS cord-026144-buctm04o 116 2 2 2 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 116 3 v v NN cord-026144-buctm04o 116 4 1 1 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 116 5 ; ; . cord-026144-buctm04o 117 1 i i PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 117 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 117 3 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 117 4 I -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 117 5 1 1 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 117 6 an an DT cord-026144-buctm04o 117 7 identity identity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 117 8 matrix matrix NN cord-026144-buctm04o 117 9 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 117 10 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 117 11 dimension dimension NN cord-026144-buctm04o 117 12 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 118 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 118 2 specify specify VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 118 3 y y NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 118 4 t t NN cord-026144-buctm04o 118 5 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 118 6 F F NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 118 7 1 1 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 118 8 t t NN cord-026144-buctm04o 118 9 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 118 10 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 118 11 h h NN cord-026144-buctm04o 118 12 1 1 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 118 13 t t NN cord-026144-buctm04o 118 14 similar similar JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 118 15 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 118 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 118 17 17 17 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 118 18 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 118 19 35 35 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 118 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 118 21 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 119 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 119 2 specify specify VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 119 3 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 119 4 pooling pooling NN cord-026144-buctm04o 119 5 equation equation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 119 6 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 119 7 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 119 8 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 119 9 specify specify VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 119 10 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 119 11 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 119 12 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 119 13 specific specific JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 119 14 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 119 15 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 119 16 varying vary VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 119 17 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 119 18 h h NN cord-026144-buctm04o 119 19 1 1 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 119 20 t t NN cord-026144-buctm04o 119 21 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 119 22 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 119 23 function function NN cord-026144-buctm04o 119 24 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 119 25 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 119 26 new new JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 119 27 set set NN cord-026144-buctm04o 119 28 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 119 29 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 119 30 h h NN cord-026144-buctm04o 119 31 2 2 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 119 32 t t NN cord-026144-buctm04o 119 33 that that WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 119 34 vary vary VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 119 35 only only RB cord-026144-buctm04o 119 36 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 119 37 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 119 38 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 120 1 This this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 120 2 hierarchical hierarchical JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 120 3 structure structure NN cord-026144-buctm04o 120 4 pools pool NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 120 5 information information NN cord-026144-buctm04o 120 6 across across IN cord-026144-buctm04o 120 7 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 120 8 at at IN cord-026144-buctm04o 120 9 every every DT cord-026144-buctm04o 120 10 point point NN cord-026144-buctm04o 120 11 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 120 12 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 120 13 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 120 14 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 120 15 thus thus RB cord-026144-buctm04o 120 16 h h NN cord-026144-buctm04o 120 17 2 2 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 120 18 t t NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 120 19 represent represent VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 120 20 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 120 21 " " `` cord-026144-buctm04o 120 22 average average JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 120 23 " " '' cord-026144-buctm04o 120 24 timevarying timevarying NN cord-026144-buctm04o 120 25 effect effect NN cord-026144-buctm04o 120 26 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 121 1 Hence hence RB cord-026144-buctm04o 121 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 121 3 F F NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 121 4 2 2 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 121 5 t t NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 121 6 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 121 7 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 121 8 matrix matrix NN cord-026144-buctm04o 121 9 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 121 10 0 0 NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 121 11 's 's POS cord-026144-buctm04o 121 12 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 121 13 1 1 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 121 14 's 's POS cord-026144-buctm04o 121 15 which which WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 121 16 allows allow VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 121 17 us -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 121 18 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 121 19 specify specify VB cord-026144-buctm04o 121 20 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 121 21 relationship relationship NN cord-026144-buctm04o 121 22 between between IN cord-026144-buctm04o 121 23 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 121 24 average average JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 121 25 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 121 26 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 121 27 varying vary VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 121 28 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 121 29 h h NN cord-026144-buctm04o 121 30 2 2 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 121 31 t t NN cord-026144-buctm04o 121 32 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 121 33 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 121 34 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 121 35 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 121 36 specific specific JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 121 37 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 121 38 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 121 39 varying vary VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 121 40 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 121 41 h h NN cord-026144-buctm04o 121 42 1 1 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 121 43 t t NN cord-026144-buctm04o 121 44 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 122 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 122 2 error error NN cord-026144-buctm04o 122 3 distribution distribution NN cord-026144-buctm04o 122 4 v v NN cord-026144-buctm04o 122 5 2 2 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 122 6 t t NN cord-026144-buctm04o 122 7 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 122 8 multivariate multivariate JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 122 9 normal normal JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 122 10 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 122 11 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 122 12 I -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 122 13 2 2 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 122 14 an an DT cord-026144-buctm04o 122 15 identity identity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 122 16 matrix matrix NN cord-026144-buctm04o 122 17 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 122 18 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 122 19 dimension dimension NN cord-026144-buctm04o 122 20 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 123 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 123 2 specify specify VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 123 3 how how WRB cord-026144-buctm04o 123 4 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 123 5 average average JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 123 6 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 123 7 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 123 8 varying vary VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 123 9 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 123 10 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 123 11 h h NN cord-026144-buctm04o 123 12 2 2 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 123 13 t t NN cord-026144-buctm04o 123 14 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 123 15 evolves evolve VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 123 16 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 123 17 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 123 18 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 124 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 124 2 follow follow VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 124 3 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 124 4 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 124 5 linear linear JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 124 6 models model NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 124 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 124 8 DLM DLM NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 124 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 124 10 literature literature NN cord-026144-buctm04o 124 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 124 12 43 43 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 124 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 124 14 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 124 15 model model VB cord-026144-buctm04o 124 16 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 124 17 evolution evolution NN cord-026144-buctm04o 124 18 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 124 19 these these DT cord-026144-buctm04o 124 20 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 124 21 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 124 22 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 124 23 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 124 24 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 124 25 random random JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 124 26 walk walk NN cord-026144-buctm04o 124 27 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 125 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 125 2 specify specify VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 125 3 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 125 4 evolution evolution NN cord-026144-buctm04o 125 5 equation equation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 125 6 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 125 7 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 125 8 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 125 9 random random JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 125 10 walk walk NN cord-026144-buctm04o 125 11 specification specification NN cord-026144-buctm04o 125 12 requires require VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 125 13 G g NN cord-026144-buctm04o 125 14 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 125 15 be be VB cord-026144-buctm04o 125 16 an an DT cord-026144-buctm04o 125 17 identity identity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 125 18 matrix matrix NN cord-026144-buctm04o 125 19 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 125 20 w w NN cord-026144-buctm04o 125 21 t t NN cord-026144-buctm04o 125 22 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 125 23 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 125 24 multivariate multivariate JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 125 25 normal normal JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 125 26 error error NN cord-026144-buctm04o 125 27 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 125 28 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 125 29 I -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 125 30 3 3 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 125 31 an an DT cord-026144-buctm04o 125 32 identity identity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 125 33 matrix matrix NN cord-026144-buctm04o 125 34 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 125 35 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 125 36 dimension dimension NN cord-026144-buctm04o 125 37 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 126 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 126 2 compute compute VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 126 3 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 126 4 full full JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 126 5 joint joint JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 126 6 posterior posterior NN cord-026144-buctm04o 126 7 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 126 8 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 126 9 set set NN cord-026144-buctm04o 126 10 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 126 11 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 126 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 126 13 h h NN cord-026144-buctm04o 126 14 1 1 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 126 15 t t NN cord-026144-buctm04o 126 16 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 126 17 h h NN cord-026144-buctm04o 126 18 2 2 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 126 19 t t NN cord-026144-buctm04o 126 20 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 126 21 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 126 22 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 126 23 variance variance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 126 24 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 126 25 r r NN cord-026144-buctm04o 126 26 2 2 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 126 27 v v NN cord-026144-buctm04o 126 28 1 1 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 126 29 ; ; : cord-026144-buctm04o 126 30 i i PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 126 31 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 126 32 r r NN cord-026144-buctm04o 126 33 2 2 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 126 34 v v NN cord-026144-buctm04o 126 35 2 2 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 126 36 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 126 37 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 126 38 r r NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 126 39 2 2 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 126 40 w w NN cord-026144-buctm04o 126 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 126 42 conditional conditional JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 126 43 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 126 44 observed observed JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 126 45 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 126 46 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 127 1 To to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 127 2 generate generate VB cord-026144-buctm04o 127 3 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 127 4 posteriors posterior NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 127 5 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 127 6 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 127 7 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 127 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 127 9 used use VBD cord-026144-buctm04o 127 10 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 127 11 Gibbs Gibbs NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 127 12 sampler sampler NN cord-026144-buctm04o 127 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 127 14 16 16 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 127 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 127 16 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 128 1 In in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 128 2 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 128 3 interest interest NN cord-026144-buctm04o 128 4 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 128 5 space space NN cord-026144-buctm04o 128 6 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 128 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 128 8 refer refer VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 128 9 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 128 10 reader reader NN cord-026144-buctm04o 128 11 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 128 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 128 13 26 26 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 128 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 128 15 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 128 16 more more JJR cord-026144-buctm04o 128 17 details detail NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 128 18 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 129 1 As as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 129 2 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 129 3 robustness robustness NN cord-026144-buctm04o 129 4 check check NN cord-026144-buctm04o 129 5 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 129 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 129 7 estimate estimate VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 129 8 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 129 9 DHLM dhlm NN cord-026144-buctm04o 129 10 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 129 11 simulated simulated JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 129 12 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 129 13 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 129 14 check check VB cord-026144-buctm04o 129 15 if if IN cord-026144-buctm04o 129 16 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 129 17 sampler sampler NN cord-026144-buctm04o 129 18 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 129 19 able able JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 129 20 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 129 21 recover recover VB cord-026144-buctm04o 129 22 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 129 23 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 129 24 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 130 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 130 2 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 130 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 130 4 use use VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 130 5 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 130 6 simulate simulate VB cord-026144-buctm04o 130 7 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 130 8 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 130 9 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 130 10 similar similar JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 130 11 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 130 12 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 130 13 one one NN cord-026144-buctm04o 130 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 130 15 26 26 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 130 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 130 17 used use VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 130 18 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 130 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 130 20 simulation simulation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 130 21 study study NN cord-026144-buctm04o 130 22 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 131 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 131 2 find find VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 131 3 that that IN cord-026144-buctm04o 131 4 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 131 5 sampler sampler NN cord-026144-buctm04o 131 6 performs perform VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 131 7 well well RB cord-026144-buctm04o 131 8 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 131 9 recovers recover VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 131 10 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 131 11 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 131 12 used use VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 131 13 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 131 14 simulate simulate VB cord-026144-buctm04o 131 15 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 131 16 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 131 17 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 132 1 Space space NN cord-026144-buctm04o 132 2 constraints constraint NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 132 3 prevent prevent VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 132 4 us -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 132 5 from from IN cord-026144-buctm04o 132 6 including include VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 132 7 further further JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 132 8 details detail NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 132 9 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 133 1 For for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 133 2 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 133 3 empirical empirical JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 133 4 tests test NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 133 5 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 133 6 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 133 7 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 133 8 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 133 9 derived derive VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 133 10 from from IN cord-026144-buctm04o 133 11 two two CD cord-026144-buctm04o 133 12 sources source NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 133 13 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 134 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 134 2 information information NN cord-026144-buctm04o 134 3 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 134 4 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 134 5 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 134 6 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 134 7 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 134 8 obtained obtain VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 134 9 from from IN cord-026144-buctm04o 134 10 Loan Loan NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 134 11 Pricing Pricing NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 134 12 Corporation Corporation NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 134 13 's 's POS cord-026144-buctm04o 134 14 Dealscan dealscan JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 134 15 database database NN cord-026144-buctm04o 134 16 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 135 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 135 2 information information NN cord-026144-buctm04o 135 3 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 135 4 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 135 5 variables variable NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 135 6 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 135 7 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 135 8 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 135 9 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 135 10 obtained obtain VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 135 11 from from IN cord-026144-buctm04o 135 12 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 135 13 World World NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 135 14 Bank Bank NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 135 15 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 136 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 136 2 briefly briefly RB cord-026144-buctm04o 136 3 describe describe VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 136 4 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 136 5 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 136 6 sources source NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 136 7 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 137 1 Dealscan Dealscan NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 137 2 provides provide VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 137 3 detailed detailed JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 137 4 information information NN cord-026144-buctm04o 137 5 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 137 6 loan loan NN cord-026144-buctm04o 137 7 contract contract NN cord-026144-buctm04o 137 8 terms term NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 137 9 including include VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 137 10 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 137 11 spread spread NN cord-026144-buctm04o 137 12 above above IN cord-026144-buctm04o 137 13 LIBOR LIBOR NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 137 14 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 137 15 maturity maturity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 137 16 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 137 17 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 137 18 covenants covenant NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 137 19 since since IN cord-026144-buctm04o 137 20 1986 1986 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 137 21 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 138 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 138 2 primary primary JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 138 3 sources source NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 138 4 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 138 5 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 138 6 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 138 7 Dealscan Dealscan NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 138 8 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 138 9 attachments attachment NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 138 10 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 138 11 SEC SEC NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 138 12 filings filing NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 138 13 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 138 14 reports report NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 138 15 from from IN cord-026144-buctm04o 138 16 loan loan NN cord-026144-buctm04o 138 17 originators originator NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 138 18 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 138 19 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 138 20 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 138 21 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 138 22 press press NN cord-026144-buctm04o 138 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 138 24 41 41 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 138 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 138 26 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 139 1 As as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 139 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 139 3 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 139 4 one one CD cord-026144-buctm04o 139 5 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 139 6 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 139 7 most most RBS cord-026144-buctm04o 139 8 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 139 9 sources source NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 139 10 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 139 11 syndicated syndicate VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 139 12 loan loan NN cord-026144-buctm04o 139 13 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 139 14 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 139 15 prior prior JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 139 16 literature literature NN cord-026144-buctm04o 139 17 has have VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 139 18 relied rely VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 139 19 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 139 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 139 21 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 139 22 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 139 23 large large JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 139 24 extent extent NN cord-026144-buctm04o 139 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 139 26 1 1 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 139 27 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 139 28 3 3 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 139 29 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 139 30 16 16 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 139 31 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 139 32 23 23 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 139 33 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 139 34 41 41 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 139 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 139 36 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 140 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 140 2 Dealscan dealscan JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 140 3 data data NN cord-026144-buctm04o 140 4 records record NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 140 5 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 140 6 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 140 7 each each DT cord-026144-buctm04o 140 8 year year NN cord-026144-buctm04o 140 9 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 140 10 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 140 11 loan loan NN cord-026144-buctm04o 140 12 deals deal VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 140 13 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 140 14 borrowing borrowing NN cord-026144-buctm04o 140 15 firm firm NN cord-026144-buctm04o 140 16 makes make VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 140 17 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 141 1 In in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 141 2 some some DT cord-026144-buctm04o 141 3 instances instance NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 141 4 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 141 5 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 141 6 borrower borrower NN cord-026144-buctm04o 141 7 firm firm NN cord-026144-buctm04o 141 8 may may MD cord-026144-buctm04o 141 9 make make VB cord-026144-buctm04o 141 10 several several JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 141 11 loan loan NN cord-026144-buctm04o 141 12 deals deal NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 141 13 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 141 14 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 141 15 year year NN cord-026144-buctm04o 141 16 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 142 1 To to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 142 2 focus focus VB cord-026144-buctm04o 142 3 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 142 4 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 142 5 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 142 6 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 142 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 142 8 limit limit VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 142 9 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 142 10 sample sample NN cord-026144-buctm04o 142 11 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 142 12 only only RB cord-026144-buctm04o 142 13 those those DT cord-026144-buctm04o 142 14 loans loan NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 142 15 where where WRB cord-026144-buctm04o 142 16 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 142 17 purpose purpose NN cord-026144-buctm04o 142 18 was be VBD cord-026144-buctm04o 142 19 identified identify VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 142 20 by by IN cord-026144-buctm04o 142 21 Dealscan Dealscan NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 142 22 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 142 23 one one CD cord-026144-buctm04o 142 24 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 142 25 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 142 26 following follow VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 142 27 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 142 28 Trade Trade NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 142 29 Finance Finance NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 142 30 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 142 31 CP CP NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 142 32 Backup Backup NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 142 33 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 142 34 Pre Pre NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 142 35 - - NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 142 36 Export Export NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 142 37 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 142 38 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 142 39 Ship Ship NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 142 40 Finance Finance NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 142 41 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 143 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 143 2 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 143 3 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 143 4 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 143 5 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 143 6 measured measure VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 143 7 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 143 8 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 143 9 loan loan NN cord-026144-buctm04o 143 10 price price NN cord-026144-buctm04o 143 11 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 143 12 each each DT cord-026144-buctm04o 143 13 loan loan NN cord-026144-buctm04o 143 14 facility facility NN cord-026144-buctm04o 143 15 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 143 16 which which WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 143 17 equals equal VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 143 18 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 143 19 loan loan NN cord-026144-buctm04o 143 20 facility facility NN cord-026144-buctm04o 143 21 's 's POS cord-026144-buctm04o 143 22 at at IN cord-026144-buctm04o 143 23 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 143 24 issue issue NN cord-026144-buctm04o 143 25 yield yield NN cord-026144-buctm04o 143 26 spread spread VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 143 27 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 143 28 LIBOR LIBOR NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 143 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 143 30 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 143 31 basis basis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 143 32 points point NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 143 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 143 34 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 144 1 Due due IN cord-026144-buctm04o 144 2 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 144 3 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 144 4 limited limited JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 144 5 number number NN cord-026144-buctm04o 144 6 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 144 7 observations observation NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 144 8 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 144 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 144 10 do do VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 144 11 n't not RB cord-026144-buctm04o 144 12 differentiate differentiate VB cord-026144-buctm04o 144 13 between between IN cord-026144-buctm04o 144 14 different different JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 144 15 types type NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 144 16 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 144 17 loans loan NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 144 18 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 145 1 Instead instead RB cord-026144-buctm04o 145 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 145 3 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 145 4 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 145 5 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 145 6 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 145 7 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 145 8 averaged average VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 145 9 across across IN cord-026144-buctm04o 145 10 different different JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 145 11 types type NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 145 12 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 145 13 loans loan NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 145 14 such such JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 145 15 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 145 16 revolver revolver NN cord-026144-buctm04o 145 17 loans loan NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 145 18 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 145 19 term term NN cord-026144-buctm04o 145 20 loans loan NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 145 21 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 145 22 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 145 23 fixed fix VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 145 24 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 145 25 rate rate NN cord-026144-buctm04o 145 26 bonds bond NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 145 27 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 146 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 146 2 use use VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 146 3 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 146 4 World World NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 146 5 Bank Bank NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 146 6 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 146 7 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 146 8 get get VB cord-026144-buctm04o 146 9 information information NN cord-026144-buctm04o 146 10 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 146 11 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 146 12 economic economic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 146 13 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 146 14 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 146 15 climate climate NN cord-026144-buctm04o 146 16 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 146 17 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 146 18 extent extent NN cord-026144-buctm04o 146 19 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 146 20 development development NN cord-026144-buctm04o 146 21 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 146 22 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 146 23 banking banking NN cord-026144-buctm04o 146 24 sector sector NN cord-026144-buctm04o 146 25 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 146 26 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 146 27 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 146 28 where where WRB cord-026144-buctm04o 146 29 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 146 30 borrowing borrowing NN cord-026144-buctm04o 146 31 firms firm NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 146 32 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 146 33 headquartered headquarter VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 146 34 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 147 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 147 2 economic economic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 147 3 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 147 4 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 147 5 climate climate NN cord-026144-buctm04o 147 6 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 147 7 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 147 8 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 147 9 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 147 10 captured capture VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 147 11 by by IN cord-026144-buctm04o 147 12 GDP GDP NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 147 13 growth growth NN cord-026144-buctm04o 147 14 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 147 15 inflation inflation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 147 16 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 147 17 stock stock NN cord-026144-buctm04o 147 18 market market NN cord-026144-buctm04o 147 19 capitalization capitalization NN cord-026144-buctm04o 147 20 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 147 21 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 147 22 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 147 23 intensity intensity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 147 24 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 148 1 Countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 148 2 with with IN cord-026144-buctm04o 148 3 high high JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 148 4 GDP GDP NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 148 5 growth growth NN cord-026144-buctm04o 148 6 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 148 7 likely likely JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 148 8 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 148 9 face face VB cord-026144-buctm04o 148 10 lower low JJR cord-026144-buctm04o 148 11 cost cost NN cord-026144-buctm04o 148 12 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 148 13 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 148 14 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 148 15 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 148 16 particularly particularly RB cord-026144-buctm04o 148 17 during during IN cord-026144-buctm04o 148 18 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 148 19 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 148 20 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 148 21 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 149 1 As as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 149 2 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 149 3 high high JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 149 4 GDP gdp NN cord-026144-buctm04o 149 5 growth growth NN cord-026144-buctm04o 149 6 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 149 7 an an DT cord-026144-buctm04o 149 8 indicator indicator NN cord-026144-buctm04o 149 9 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 149 10 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 149 11 health health NN cord-026144-buctm04o 149 12 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 149 13 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 149 14 economy economy NN cord-026144-buctm04o 149 15 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 149 16 during during IN cord-026144-buctm04o 149 17 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 149 18 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 149 19 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 149 20 lenders lender NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 149 21 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 149 22 likely likely JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 149 23 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 149 24 move move VB cord-026144-buctm04o 149 25 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 149 26 assets asset NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 149 27 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 149 28 these these DT cord-026144-buctm04o 149 29 economies economy NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 149 30 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 150 1 Countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 150 2 with with IN cord-026144-buctm04o 150 3 higher high JJR cord-026144-buctm04o 150 4 inflation inflation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 150 5 will will MD cord-026144-buctm04o 150 6 likely likely RB cord-026144-buctm04o 150 7 have have VB cord-026144-buctm04o 150 8 higher high JJR cord-026144-buctm04o 150 9 cost cost NN cord-026144-buctm04o 150 10 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 150 11 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 150 12 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 150 13 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 150 14 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 150 15 rate rate NN cord-026144-buctm04o 150 16 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 150 17 returns return NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 150 18 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 150 19 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 150 20 loans loan NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 150 21 will will MD cord-026144-buctm04o 150 22 incorporate incorporate VB cord-026144-buctm04o 150 23 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 150 24 rate rate NN cord-026144-buctm04o 150 25 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 150 26 inflation inflation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 150 27 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 151 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 151 2 include include VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 151 3 stock stock NN cord-026144-buctm04o 151 4 market market NN cord-026144-buctm04o 151 5 capitalization capitalization NN cord-026144-buctm04o 151 6 scaled scale VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 151 7 by by IN cord-026144-buctm04o 151 8 GDP GDP NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 151 9 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 151 10 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 151 11 proxy proxy NN cord-026144-buctm04o 151 12 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 151 13 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 151 14 capital capital NN cord-026144-buctm04o 151 15 market market NN cord-026144-buctm04o 151 16 development development NN cord-026144-buctm04o 151 17 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 151 18 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 151 19 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 151 20 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 152 1 Countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 152 2 with with IN cord-026144-buctm04o 152 3 higher high JJR cord-026144-buctm04o 152 4 stock stock NN cord-026144-buctm04o 152 5 market market NN cord-026144-buctm04o 152 6 capitalization capitalization NN cord-026144-buctm04o 152 7 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 152 8 likely likely JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 152 9 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 152 10 have have VB cord-026144-buctm04o 152 11 more more RBR cord-026144-buctm04o 152 12 developed develop VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 152 13 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 152 14 markets market NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 152 15 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 153 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-026144-buctm04o 153 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 153 3 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 153 4 cost cost NN cord-026144-buctm04o 153 5 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 153 6 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 153 7 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 153 8 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 153 9 such such JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 153 10 markets market NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 153 11 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 153 12 likely likely JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 153 13 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 153 14 be be VB cord-026144-buctm04o 153 15 lower low JJR cord-026144-buctm04o 153 16 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 154 1 Finally finally RB cord-026144-buctm04o 154 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 154 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 154 4 include include VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 154 5 total total JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 154 6 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 154 7 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 154 8 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 154 9 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 154 10 scaled scale VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 154 11 by by IN cord-026144-buctm04o 154 12 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 154 13 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 154 14 's 's POS cord-026144-buctm04o 154 15 GDP gdp NN cord-026144-buctm04o 154 16 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 154 17 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 154 18 measure measure NN cord-026144-buctm04o 154 19 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 154 20 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 154 21 intensity intensity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 154 22 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 155 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 155 2 expect expect VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 155 3 that that IN cord-026144-buctm04o 155 4 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 155 5 with with IN cord-026144-buctm04o 155 6 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 155 7 higher high JJR cord-026144-buctm04o 155 8 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 155 9 intensity intensity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 155 10 will will MD cord-026144-buctm04o 155 11 face face VB cord-026144-buctm04o 155 12 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 155 13 higher high JJR cord-026144-buctm04o 155 14 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 155 15 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 155 16 cost cost NN cord-026144-buctm04o 155 17 since since IN cord-026144-buctm04o 155 18 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 155 19 greater great JJR cord-026144-buctm04o 155 20 reliance reliance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 155 21 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 155 22 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 155 23 may may MD cord-026144-buctm04o 155 24 make make VB cord-026144-buctm04o 155 25 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 155 26 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 155 27 more more RBR cord-026144-buctm04o 155 28 risky risky JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 155 29 during during IN cord-026144-buctm04o 155 30 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 155 31 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 155 32 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 156 1 As as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 156 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 156 3 objective objective NN cord-026144-buctm04o 156 4 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 156 5 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 156 6 study study VB cord-026144-buctm04o 156 7 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 156 8 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-026144-buctm04o 156 9 at at IN cord-026144-buctm04o 156 10 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 156 11 national national JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 156 12 level level NN cord-026144-buctm04o 156 13 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 156 14 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 156 15 need need VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 156 16 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 156 17 merge merge VB cord-026144-buctm04o 156 18 these these DT cord-026144-buctm04o 156 19 two two CD cord-026144-buctm04o 156 20 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 156 21 sets set NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 156 22 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 157 1 As as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 157 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 157 3 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 157 4 from from IN cord-026144-buctm04o 157 5 Dealscan Dealscan NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 157 6 contains contain VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 157 7 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 157 8 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 157 9 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 157 10 at at IN cord-026144-buctm04o 157 11 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 157 12 firm firm JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 157 13 level level NN cord-026144-buctm04o 157 14 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 157 15 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 157 16 given give VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 157 17 year year NN cord-026144-buctm04o 157 18 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 157 19 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 157 20 use use VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 157 21 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 157 22 average average NN cord-026144-buctm04o 157 23 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 157 24 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 157 25 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 157 26 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 157 27 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 157 28 at at IN cord-026144-buctm04o 157 29 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 157 30 level level NN cord-026144-buctm04o 157 31 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 157 32 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 157 33 borrowing borrowing NN cord-026144-buctm04o 157 34 firm firm NN cord-026144-buctm04o 157 35 's 's POS cord-026144-buctm04o 157 36 home home NN cord-026144-buctm04o 157 37 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 157 38 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 157 39 derive derive VB cord-026144-buctm04o 157 40 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 157 41 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 157 42 specific specific JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 157 43 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 157 44 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 157 45 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 157 46 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 158 1 This this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 158 2 permits permit VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 158 3 us -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 158 4 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 158 5 merge merge VB cord-026144-buctm04o 158 6 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 158 7 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 158 8 from from IN cord-026144-buctm04o 158 9 Dealscan Dealscan NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 158 10 with with IN cord-026144-buctm04o 158 11 macro macro JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 158 12 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 158 13 economic economic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 158 14 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 158 15 from from IN cord-026144-buctm04o 158 16 World World NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 158 17 Bank Bank NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 158 18 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 159 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 159 2 interest interest NN cord-026144-buctm04o 159 3 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 159 4 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 159 5 modelling model VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 159 6 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 159 7 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 159 8 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 159 9 around around IN cord-026144-buctm04o 159 10 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 159 11 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 159 12 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 159 13 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 159 14 2008 2008 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 159 15 - - SYM cord-026144-buctm04o 159 16 2009 2009 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 159 17 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 160 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-026144-buctm04o 160 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 160 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 160 4 use use VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 160 5 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 160 6 5-year 5-year CD cord-026144-buctm04o 160 7 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 160 8 series series NN cord-026144-buctm04o 160 9 starting start VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 160 10 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 160 11 2006 2006 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 160 12 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 160 13 ending end VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 160 14 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 160 15 2010 2010 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 160 16 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 161 1 This this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 161 2 gives give VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 161 3 us -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 161 4 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 161 5 reasonable reasonable JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 161 6 window window NN cord-026144-buctm04o 161 7 that that WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 161 8 contains contain VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 161 9 pre pre JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 161 10 - - NN cord-026144-buctm04o 161 11 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 161 12 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 161 13 during during IN cord-026144-buctm04o 161 14 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 161 15 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 161 16 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 161 17 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 161 18 postcrisis postcrisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 161 19 periods period NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 161 20 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 162 1 While while IN cord-026144-buctm04o 162 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 162 3 would would MD cord-026144-buctm04o 162 4 like like VB cord-026144-buctm04o 162 5 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 162 6 use use VB cord-026144-buctm04o 162 7 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 162 8 longer long JJR cord-026144-buctm04o 162 9 window window NN cord-026144-buctm04o 162 10 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 162 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 162 12 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 162 13 constrained constrain VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 162 14 by by IN cord-026144-buctm04o 162 15 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 162 16 number number NN cord-026144-buctm04o 162 17 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 162 18 years year NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 162 19 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 162 20 which which WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 162 21 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 162 22 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 162 23 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 162 24 available available JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 162 25 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 162 26 us -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 162 27 from from IN cord-026144-buctm04o 162 28 Dealscan Dealscan NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 162 29 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 163 1 After after IN cord-026144-buctm04o 163 2 merging merge VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 163 3 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 163 4 two two CD cord-026144-buctm04o 163 5 databases database NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 163 6 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 163 7 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 163 8 final final JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 163 9 sample sample NN cord-026144-buctm04o 163 10 consists consist VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 163 11 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 163 12 eight eight CD cord-026144-buctm04o 163 13 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 163 14 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 163 15 which which WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 163 16 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 163 17 have have VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 163 18 information information NN cord-026144-buctm04o 163 19 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 163 20 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 163 21 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 163 22 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 163 23 as as RB cord-026144-buctm04o 163 24 well well RB cord-026144-buctm04o 163 25 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 163 26 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 163 27 indicators indicator NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 163 28 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 163 29 all all PDT cord-026144-buctm04o 163 30 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 163 31 five five CD cord-026144-buctm04o 163 32 years year NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 163 33 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 164 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 164 2 eight eight CD cord-026144-buctm04o 164 3 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 164 4 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 164 5 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 164 6 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 164 7 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 164 8 Ghana Ghana NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 164 9 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 164 10 Greece Greece NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 164 11 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 164 12 Russia Russia NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 164 13 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 164 14 Turkey Turkey NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 164 15 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 164 16 Ukraine Ukraine NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 164 17 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 164 18 United United NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 164 19 Kingdom Kingdom NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 164 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 164 21 UK UK NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 164 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 164 23 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 164 24 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 164 25 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 164 26 United United NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 164 27 States States NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 164 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 164 29 USA USA NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 164 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 164 31 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 165 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 165 2 report report VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 165 3 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 165 4 descriptive descriptive JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 165 5 statistics statistic NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 165 6 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 165 7 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 165 8 sample sample NN cord-026144-buctm04o 165 9 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 165 10 Table Table NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 165 11 1 1 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 165 12 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 166 1 Average average JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 166 2 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 166 3 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 166 4 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 166 5 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 166 6 approximately approximately RB cord-026144-buctm04o 166 7 190 190 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 166 8 basis basis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 166 9 points point NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 166 10 above above IN cord-026144-buctm04o 166 11 LIBOR LIBOR NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 166 12 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 167 1 Mean mean JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 167 2 GDP GDP NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 167 3 growth growth NN cord-026144-buctm04o 167 4 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 167 5 just just RB cord-026144-buctm04o 167 6 2.57 2.57 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 167 7 % % NN cord-026144-buctm04o 167 8 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 167 9 reflecting reflect VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 167 10 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 167 11 lower low JJR cord-026144-buctm04o 167 12 growth growth NN cord-026144-buctm04o 167 13 during during IN cord-026144-buctm04o 167 14 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 167 15 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 167 16 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 167 17 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 168 1 Although although IN cord-026144-buctm04o 168 2 average average JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 168 3 inflation inflation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 168 4 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 168 5 at at IN cord-026144-buctm04o 168 6 10.53 10.53 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 168 7 % % NN cord-026144-buctm04o 168 8 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 168 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 168 10 calculated calculate VBD cord-026144-buctm04o 168 11 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 168 12 median median JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 168 13 inflation inflation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 168 14 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 168 15 be be VB cord-026144-buctm04o 168 16 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 168 17 moderate moderate JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 168 18 6.55 6.55 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 168 19 % % NN cord-026144-buctm04o 168 20 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 169 1 On on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 169 2 average average JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 169 3 stock stock NN cord-026144-buctm04o 169 4 market market NN cord-026144-buctm04o 169 5 capitalization capitalization NN cord-026144-buctm04o 169 6 / / SYM cord-026144-buctm04o 169 7 GDP gdp NN cord-026144-buctm04o 169 8 ratio ratio NN cord-026144-buctm04o 169 9 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 169 10 around around IN cord-026144-buctm04o 169 11 63 63 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 169 12 % % NN cord-026144-buctm04o 169 13 while while IN cord-026144-buctm04o 169 14 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 169 15 / / SYM cord-026144-buctm04o 169 16 GDP gdp NN cord-026144-buctm04o 169 17 ratio ratio NN cord-026144-buctm04o 169 18 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 169 19 around around IN cord-026144-buctm04o 169 20 54 54 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 169 21 % % NN cord-026144-buctm04o 169 22 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 170 1 More more RBR cord-026144-buctm04o 170 2 detailed detailed JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 170 3 summary summary NN cord-026144-buctm04o 170 4 statistics statistic NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 170 5 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 170 6 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 170 7 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 170 8 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 170 9 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 170 10 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 170 11 depicted depict VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 170 12 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 170 13 Fig Fig NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 170 14 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 171 1 1 1 LS cord-026144-buctm04o 171 2 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 172 1 Figure figure NN cord-026144-buctm04o 172 2 1 1 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 172 3 captures capture VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 172 4 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 172 5 variation variation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 172 6 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 172 7 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 172 8 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 172 9 cost cost NN cord-026144-buctm04o 172 10 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 172 11 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 172 12 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 172 13 across across IN cord-026144-buctm04o 172 14 8 8 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 172 15 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 172 16 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 173 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 173 2 find find VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 173 3 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 173 4 experience experience VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 173 5 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 173 6 large large JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 173 7 increase increase NN cord-026144-buctm04o 173 8 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 173 9 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 173 10 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 173 11 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 173 12 from from IN cord-026144-buctm04o 173 13 2008 2008 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 173 14 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 173 15 2009 2009 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 173 16 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 174 1 Also also RB cord-026144-buctm04o 174 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 174 3 except except IN cord-026144-buctm04o 174 4 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 174 5 Greece Greece NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 174 6 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 174 7 these these DT cord-026144-buctm04o 174 8 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 174 9 came come VBD cord-026144-buctm04o 174 10 down down RP cord-026144-buctm04o 174 11 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 174 12 2010 2010 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 174 13 from from IN cord-026144-buctm04o 174 14 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 174 15 peak peak NN cord-026144-buctm04o 174 16 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 174 17 2009 2009 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 174 18 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 175 1 This this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 175 2 suggests suggest VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 175 3 that that IN cord-026144-buctm04o 175 4 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 175 5 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 175 6 impacted impact VBD cord-026144-buctm04o 175 7 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 175 8 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 175 9 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 175 10 uniformly uniformly RB cord-026144-buctm04o 175 11 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 175 12 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 175 13 sample sample NN cord-026144-buctm04o 175 14 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 176 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 176 2 also also RB cord-026144-buctm04o 176 3 see see VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 176 4 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 176 5 across across IN cord-026144-buctm04o 176 6 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 176 7 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 176 8 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 176 9 manner manner NN cord-026144-buctm04o 176 10 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 176 11 which which WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 176 12 these these DT cord-026144-buctm04o 176 13 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 176 14 evolve evolve VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 176 15 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 176 16 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 176 17 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 177 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 177 2 also also RB cord-026144-buctm04o 177 3 tested test VBD cord-026144-buctm04o 177 4 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 177 5 multicollinearity multicollinearity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 177 6 among among IN cord-026144-buctm04o 177 7 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 177 8 independent independent JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 177 9 variables variable NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 177 10 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 177 11 GDP GDP NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 177 12 growth growth NN cord-026144-buctm04o 177 13 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 177 14 Inflation inflation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 177 15 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 177 16 Stock Stock NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 177 17 market market NN cord-026144-buctm04o 177 18 capitalization capitalization NN cord-026144-buctm04o 177 19 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 177 20 Trade Trade NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 177 21 intensity intensity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 177 22 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 178 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 178 2 specified specify VBD cord-026144-buctm04o 178 3 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 178 4 panel panel NN cord-026144-buctm04o 178 5 data data NN cord-026144-buctm04o 178 6 regression regression NN cord-026144-buctm04o 178 7 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 178 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 178 9 i.e. i.e. FW cord-026144-buctm04o 178 10 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 178 11 without without IN cord-026144-buctm04o 178 12 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 178 13 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 178 14 varying vary VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 178 15 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 178 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 178 17 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 178 18 calculated calculate VBD cord-026144-buctm04o 178 19 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 178 20 Variance variance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 178 21 Inflation inflation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 178 22 Factors factor NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 178 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 178 24 VIFs VIFs NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 178 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 178 26 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 179 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 179 2 VIFs vif NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 179 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 179 4 get get VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 179 5 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 179 6 GDP gdp NN cord-026144-buctm04o 179 7 growth growth NN cord-026144-buctm04o 179 8 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 179 9 Inflation inflation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 179 10 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 179 11 Stock Stock NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 179 12 market market NN cord-026144-buctm04o 179 13 capitalization capitalization NN cord-026144-buctm04o 179 14 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 179 15 Trade Trade NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 179 16 intensity intensity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 179 17 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 179 18 1.13 1.13 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 179 19 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 179 20 1.15 1.15 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 179 21 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 179 22 1.42 1.42 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 179 23 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 179 24 1.36 1.36 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 179 25 respectively respectively RB cord-026144-buctm04o 179 26 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 180 1 As as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 180 2 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 180 3 VIFs vif NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 180 4 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 180 5 less less JJR cord-026144-buctm04o 180 6 than than IN cord-026144-buctm04o 180 7 10 10 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 180 8 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 180 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 180 10 can can MD cord-026144-buctm04o 180 11 conclude conclude VB cord-026144-buctm04o 180 12 that that IN cord-026144-buctm04o 180 13 multicollinearity multicollinearity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 180 14 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 180 15 not not RB cord-026144-buctm04o 180 16 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 180 17 concern concern NN cord-026144-buctm04o 180 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 180 19 44 44 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 180 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 180 21 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 181 1 In in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 181 2 this this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 181 3 section section NN cord-026144-buctm04o 181 4 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 181 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 181 6 present present VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 181 7 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 181 8 main main JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 181 9 results result NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 181 10 based base VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 181 11 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 181 12 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 181 13 DHLM dhlm NN cord-026144-buctm04o 181 14 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 181 15 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 181 16 subsequently subsequently RB cord-026144-buctm04o 181 17 compare compare VB cord-026144-buctm04o 181 18 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 181 19 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 181 20 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 181 21 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 181 22 benchmark benchmark JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 181 23 HB HB NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 181 24 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 181 25 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 181 26 which which WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 181 27 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 181 28 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 181 29 do do VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 181 30 not not RB cord-026144-buctm04o 181 31 vary vary VB cord-026144-buctm04o 181 32 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 181 33 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 181 34 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 182 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 182 2 estimate estimate VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 182 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 182 4 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 182 5 using use VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 182 6 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 182 7 Gibbs Gibbs NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 182 8 sampler sampler NN cord-026144-buctm04o 182 9 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 182 10 18 18 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 182 11 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 182 12 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 183 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 183 2 use use VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 183 3 200,000 200,000 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 183 4 iterations iteration NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 183 5 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 183 6 use use VB cord-026144-buctm04o 183 7 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 183 8 last last JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 183 9 20,000 20,000 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 183 10 iterations iteration NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 183 11 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 183 12 computing compute VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 183 13 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 183 14 posterior posterior NN cord-026144-buctm04o 183 15 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 183 16 while while IN cord-026144-buctm04o 183 17 keeping keep VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 183 18 every every DT cord-026144-buctm04o 183 19 tenth tenth JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 183 20 draw draw NN cord-026144-buctm04o 183 21 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 184 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 184 2 verified verify VBD cord-026144-buctm04o 184 3 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 184 4 convergence convergence NN cord-026144-buctm04o 184 5 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 184 6 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 184 7 Gibbs Gibbs NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 184 8 sampler sampler NN cord-026144-buctm04o 184 9 by by IN cord-026144-buctm04o 184 10 using use VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 184 11 standard standard JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 184 12 diagnostics diagnostic NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 184 13 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 185 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 185 2 1 1 LS cord-026144-buctm04o 185 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 185 4 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 185 5 plotted plot VBD cord-026144-buctm04o 185 6 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 185 7 autocorrelation autocorrelation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 185 8 plot plot NN cord-026144-buctm04o 185 9 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 185 10 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 185 11 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 185 12 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 185 13 see see VB cord-026144-buctm04o 185 14 that that IN cord-026144-buctm04o 185 15 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 185 16 autocorrelation autocorrelation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 185 17 goes go VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 185 18 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 185 19 zero zero CD cord-026144-buctm04o 185 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 185 21 40 40 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 185 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 185 23 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 185 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 185 25 2 2 LS cord-026144-buctm04o 185 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 185 27 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 185 28 plot plot VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 185 29 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 185 30 inspect inspect VB cord-026144-buctm04o 185 31 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 185 32 posterior posterior JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 185 33 draws draw NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 185 34 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 185 35 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 185 36 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 185 37 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 185 38 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 185 39 find find VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 185 40 that that IN cord-026144-buctm04o 185 41 they -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 185 42 resemble resemble VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 185 43 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 185 44 " " `` cord-026144-buctm04o 185 45 fat fat JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 185 46 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 185 47 hairy hairy JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 185 48 caterpillar caterpillar NN cord-026144-buctm04o 185 49 " " '' cord-026144-buctm04o 185 50 that that WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 185 51 does do VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 185 52 not not RB cord-026144-buctm04o 185 53 bend bend VB cord-026144-buctm04o 185 54 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 185 55 29 29 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 185 56 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 185 57 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 186 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 186 2 first first RB cord-026144-buctm04o 186 3 present present VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 186 4 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 186 5 estimates estimate NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 186 6 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 186 7 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 186 8 Pooling Pooling NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 186 9 Equation Equation NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 186 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 186 11 h h NN cord-026144-buctm04o 186 12 2 2 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 186 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 186 14 which which WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 186 15 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 186 16 summarized summarize VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 186 17 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 186 18 Fig Fig NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 186 19 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 187 1 2 2 LS cord-026144-buctm04o 187 2 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 188 1 These these DT cord-026144-buctm04o 188 2 estimates estimate NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 188 3 represents represent VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 188 4 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 188 5 " " `` cord-026144-buctm04o 188 6 average average JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 188 7 " " '' cord-026144-buctm04o 188 8 effect effect NN cord-026144-buctm04o 188 9 across across IN cord-026144-buctm04o 188 10 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 188 11 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 188 12 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 188 13 four four CD cord-026144-buctm04o 188 14 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 188 15 variables variable NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 188 16 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 188 17 GDP GDP NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 188 18 growth growth NN cord-026144-buctm04o 188 19 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 188 20 Inflation inflation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 188 21 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 188 22 Stock Stock NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 188 23 market market NN cord-026144-buctm04o 188 24 capitalization capitalization NN cord-026144-buctm04o 188 25 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 188 26 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 188 27 Trade Trade NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 188 28 / / SYM cord-026144-buctm04o 188 29 GDP GDP NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 188 30 ratio ratio NN cord-026144-buctm04o 188 31 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 189 1 In in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 189 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 189 3 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 190 1 2 2 LS cord-026144-buctm04o 190 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 190 3 each each DT cord-026144-buctm04o 190 4 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 190 5 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 190 6 four four CD cord-026144-buctm04o 190 7 panels panel NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 190 8 depict depict VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 190 9 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 190 10 " " `` cord-026144-buctm04o 190 11 average average JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 190 12 " " '' cord-026144-buctm04o 190 13 effect effect NN cord-026144-buctm04o 190 14 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 190 15 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 190 16 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 190 17 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 190 18 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 190 19 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 190 20 macro macro JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 190 21 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 190 22 economic economic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 190 23 variables variable NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 190 24 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 190 25 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 190 26 cost cost NN cord-026144-buctm04o 190 27 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 190 28 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 190 29 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 190 30 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 191 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 191 2 dotted dotted JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 191 3 lines line NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 191 4 depict depict VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 191 5 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 191 6 95 95 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 191 7 % % NN cord-026144-buctm04o 191 8 confidence confidence NN cord-026144-buctm04o 191 9 interval interval NN cord-026144-buctm04o 191 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 191 11 CI CI NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 191 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 191 13 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 192 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 192 2 discuss discuss VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 192 3 these these DT cord-026144-buctm04o 192 4 " " `` cord-026144-buctm04o 192 5 average average JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 192 6 " " '' cord-026144-buctm04o 192 7 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 192 8 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 192 9 varying vary VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 192 10 effects effect NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 192 11 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 192 12 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 192 13 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 192 14 paragraphs paragraph NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 192 15 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 193 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 193 2 see see VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 193 3 that that IN cord-026144-buctm04o 193 4 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 193 5 all all DT cord-026144-buctm04o 193 6 four four CD cord-026144-buctm04o 193 7 macro macro JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 193 8 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 193 9 economic economic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 193 10 variables variable NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 193 11 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 193 12 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 193 13 effects effect NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 193 14 vary vary VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 193 15 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 193 16 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 193 17 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 194 1 In in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 194 2 addition addition NN cord-026144-buctm04o 194 3 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 194 4 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 194 5 large large JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 194 6 part part NN cord-026144-buctm04o 194 7 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 194 8 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 194 9 variations variation NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 194 10 occur occur VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 194 11 between between IN cord-026144-buctm04o 194 12 2007 2007 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 194 13 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 194 14 2009 2009 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 194 15 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 194 16 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 194 17 2 2 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 194 18 year year NN cord-026144-buctm04o 194 19 span span NN cord-026144-buctm04o 194 20 during during IN cord-026144-buctm04o 194 21 which which WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 194 22 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 194 23 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 194 24 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 194 25 happened happen VBD cord-026144-buctm04o 194 26 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 195 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 195 2 estimates estimate NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 195 3 will will MD cord-026144-buctm04o 195 4 interest interest VB cord-026144-buctm04o 195 5 policy policy NN cord-026144-buctm04o 195 6 makers maker NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 195 7 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 195 8 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 195 9 implies imply VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 195 10 that that IN cord-026144-buctm04o 195 11 interventions intervention NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 195 12 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 195 13 alleviate alleviate VB cord-026144-buctm04o 195 14 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 195 15 impact impact NN cord-026144-buctm04o 195 16 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 195 17 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 195 18 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 195 19 should should MD cord-026144-buctm04o 195 20 start start VB cord-026144-buctm04o 195 21 before before IN cord-026144-buctm04o 195 22 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 195 23 onset onset NN cord-026144-buctm04o 195 24 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 195 25 should should MD cord-026144-buctm04o 195 26 continue continue VB cord-026144-buctm04o 195 27 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 195 28 some some DT cord-026144-buctm04o 195 29 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 195 30 after after IN cord-026144-buctm04o 195 31 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 195 32 has have VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 195 33 blown blow VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 195 34 over over RP cord-026144-buctm04o 195 35 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 196 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 196 2 find find VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 196 3 that that IN cord-026144-buctm04o 196 4 GDP GDP NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 196 5 Growth Growth NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 196 6 has have VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 196 7 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 196 8 negative negative JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 196 9 effect effect NN cord-026144-buctm04o 196 10 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 196 11 Trade Trade NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 196 12 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 196 13 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 196 14 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 196 15 this this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 196 16 effect effect NN cord-026144-buctm04o 196 17 becomes become VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 196 18 more more RBR cord-026144-buctm04o 196 19 negative negative JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 196 20 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 196 21 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 196 22 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 196 23 especially especially RB cord-026144-buctm04o 196 24 during during IN cord-026144-buctm04o 196 25 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 196 26 years year NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 196 27 2006 2006 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 196 28 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 196 29 2009 2009 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 196 30 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 197 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 197 2 result result NN cord-026144-buctm04o 197 3 implies imply VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 197 4 that that IN cord-026144-buctm04o 197 5 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 197 6 with with IN cord-026144-buctm04o 197 7 high high JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 197 8 GDP GDP NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 197 9 Growth Growth NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 197 10 faced face VBD cord-026144-buctm04o 197 11 monotonically monotonically RB cord-026144-buctm04o 197 12 decreasing decrease VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 197 13 cost cost NN cord-026144-buctm04o 197 14 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 197 15 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 197 16 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 197 17 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 197 18 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 197 19 years year NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 197 20 before before RB cord-026144-buctm04o 197 21 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 197 22 during during IN cord-026144-buctm04o 197 23 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 197 24 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 197 25 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 197 26 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 197 27 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 197 28 can can MD cord-026144-buctm04o 197 29 be be VB cord-026144-buctm04o 197 30 explained explain VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 197 31 by by IN cord-026144-buctm04o 197 32 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 197 33 " " `` cord-026144-buctm04o 197 34 flight flight NN cord-026144-buctm04o 197 35 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 197 36 quality quality NN cord-026144-buctm04o 197 37 " " '' cord-026144-buctm04o 197 38 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 197 39 advanced advance VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 197 40 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 197 41 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 197 42 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 197 43 literature literature NN cord-026144-buctm04o 197 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 197 45 12 12 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 197 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 197 47 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 198 1 Inflation inflation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 198 2 has have VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 198 3 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 198 4 positive positive JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 198 5 effect effect NN cord-026144-buctm04o 198 6 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 198 7 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 198 8 cost cost NN cord-026144-buctm04o 198 9 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 198 10 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 198 11 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 198 12 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 198 13 this this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 198 14 effect effect NN cord-026144-buctm04o 198 15 become become VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 198 16 more more RBR cord-026144-buctm04o 198 17 positive positive JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 198 18 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 198 19 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 198 20 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 198 21 especially especially RB cord-026144-buctm04o 198 22 during during IN cord-026144-buctm04o 198 23 2007 2007 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 198 24 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 198 25 2009 2009 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 198 26 which which WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 198 27 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 198 28 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 198 29 year year NN cord-026144-buctm04o 198 30 preceding precede VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 198 31 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 198 32 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 198 33 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 198 34 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 198 35 year year NN cord-026144-buctm04o 198 36 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 198 37 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 198 38 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 198 39 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 199 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 199 2 result result NN cord-026144-buctm04o 199 3 implies imply VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 199 4 that that IN cord-026144-buctm04o 199 5 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 199 6 with with IN cord-026144-buctm04o 199 7 high high JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 199 8 inflation inflation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 199 9 faced face VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 199 10 monotonically monotonically RB cord-026144-buctm04o 199 11 increasing increase VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 199 12 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 199 13 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 199 14 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 199 15 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 199 16 from from IN cord-026144-buctm04o 199 17 2007 2007 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 199 18 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 199 19 2009 2009 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 199 20 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 199 21 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 199 22 also also RB cord-026144-buctm04o 199 23 consistent consistent JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 199 24 with with IN cord-026144-buctm04o 199 25 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 199 26 " " `` cord-026144-buctm04o 199 27 flight flight NN cord-026144-buctm04o 199 28 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 199 29 quality quality NN cord-026144-buctm04o 199 30 " " '' cord-026144-buctm04o 199 31 theory theory NN cord-026144-buctm04o 199 32 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 200 1 Stock Stock NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 200 2 Market Market NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 200 3 Capitalization Capitalization NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 200 4 has have VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 200 5 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 200 6 positive positive JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 200 7 effect effect NN cord-026144-buctm04o 200 8 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 200 9 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 200 10 cost cost NN cord-026144-buctm04o 200 11 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 200 12 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 200 13 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 200 14 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 201 1 This this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 201 2 effect effect NN cord-026144-buctm04o 201 3 seems seem VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 201 4 somewhat somewhat RB cord-026144-buctm04o 201 5 counterintuitive counterintuitive JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 201 6 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 201 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 201 8 used use VBD cord-026144-buctm04o 201 9 Stock Stock NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 201 10 Market Market NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 201 11 Capitalization Capitalization NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 201 12 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 201 13 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 201 14 proxy proxy NN cord-026144-buctm04o 201 15 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 201 16 development development NN cord-026144-buctm04o 201 17 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 201 18 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 201 19 markets market NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 201 20 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 201 21 one one PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 201 22 would would MD cord-026144-buctm04o 201 23 expect expect VB cord-026144-buctm04o 201 24 that that IN cord-026144-buctm04o 201 25 during during IN cord-026144-buctm04o 201 26 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 201 27 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 201 28 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 201 29 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 201 30 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 201 31 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 201 32 would would MD cord-026144-buctm04o 201 33 decrease decrease VB cord-026144-buctm04o 201 34 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 201 35 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 201 36 markets market NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 201 37 became become VBD cord-026144-buctm04o 201 38 more more RBR cord-026144-buctm04o 201 39 developed developed JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 201 40 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 202 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 202 2 note note VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 202 3 that that IN cord-026144-buctm04o 202 4 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 202 5 Trade Trade NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 202 6 / / SYM cord-026144-buctm04o 202 7 GDP GDP NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 202 8 ratio ratio NN cord-026144-buctm04o 202 9 has have VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 202 10 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 202 11 positive positive JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 202 12 effect effect NN cord-026144-buctm04o 202 13 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 202 14 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 202 15 cost cost NN cord-026144-buctm04o 202 16 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 202 17 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 202 18 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 202 19 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 202 20 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 202 21 this this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 202 22 effect effect NN cord-026144-buctm04o 202 23 becomes become VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 202 24 more more RBR cord-026144-buctm04o 202 25 positive positive JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 202 26 between between IN cord-026144-buctm04o 202 27 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 202 28 years year NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 202 29 2007 2007 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 202 30 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 202 31 2009 2009 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 202 32 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 202 33 similar similar JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 202 34 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 202 35 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 202 36 pattern pattern NN cord-026144-buctm04o 202 37 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 202 38 noticed notice VBD cord-026144-buctm04o 202 39 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 202 40 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 202 41 effects effect NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 202 42 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 202 43 inflation inflation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 202 44 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 203 1 Since since IN cord-026144-buctm04o 203 2 this this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 203 3 variable variable JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 203 4 measures measure VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 203 5 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 203 6 intensity intensity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 203 7 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 203 8 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 203 9 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 203 10 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 203 11 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 203 12 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 203 13 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 203 14 results result NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 203 15 indicate indicate VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 203 16 that that IN cord-026144-buctm04o 203 17 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 203 18 during during IN cord-026144-buctm04o 203 19 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 203 20 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 203 21 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 203 22 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 203 23 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 203 24 greater great JJR cord-026144-buctm04o 203 25 reliance reliance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 203 26 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 203 27 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 203 28 leads lead NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 203 29 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 203 30 higher high JJR cord-026144-buctm04o 203 31 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 203 32 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 203 33 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 203 34 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 203 35 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 204 1 This this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 204 2 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 204 3 expected expect VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 204 4 since since IN cord-026144-buctm04o 204 5 higher high JJR cord-026144-buctm04o 204 6 reliance reliance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 204 7 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 204 8 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 204 9 may may MD cord-026144-buctm04o 204 10 make make VB cord-026144-buctm04o 204 11 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 204 12 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 204 13 more more RBR cord-026144-buctm04o 204 14 risky risky JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 204 15 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 204 16 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 204 17 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 204 18 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 204 19 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 205 1 Countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 205 2 with with IN cord-026144-buctm04o 205 3 higher high JJR cord-026144-buctm04o 205 4 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 205 5 intensity intensity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 205 6 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 205 7 also also RB cord-026144-buctm04o 205 8 exposed expose VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 205 9 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 205 10 higher high JJR cord-026144-buctm04o 205 11 counterparty counterparty NN cord-026144-buctm04o 205 12 risks risk NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 205 13 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 206 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 206 2 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 206 3 can can MD cord-026144-buctm04o 206 4 also also RB cord-026144-buctm04o 206 5 estimate estimate VB cord-026144-buctm04o 206 6 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 206 7 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 206 8 specific specific JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 206 9 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 206 10 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 206 11 varying vary VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 206 12 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 206 13 presented present VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 206 14 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 206 15 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 206 16 Observation Observation NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 206 17 Equation Equation NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 206 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 206 19 h h NN cord-026144-buctm04o 206 20 1 1 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 206 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 206 22 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 207 1 These these DT cord-026144-buctm04o 207 2 estimates estimate NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 207 3 underscore underscore VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 207 4 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 207 5 advantage advantage NN cord-026144-buctm04o 207 6 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 207 7 using use VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 207 8 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 207 9 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 207 10 such such JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 207 11 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 207 12 ours our NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 207 13 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 207 14 since since IN cord-026144-buctm04o 207 15 with with IN cord-026144-buctm04o 207 16 only only RB cord-026144-buctm04o 207 17 40 40 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 207 18 observations observation NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 207 19 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 207 20 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 207 21 dependent dependent JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 207 22 variable variable NN cord-026144-buctm04o 207 23 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 207 24 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 207 25 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 207 26 able able JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 207 27 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 207 28 estimate estimate VB cord-026144-buctm04o 207 29 200 200 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 207 30 estimates estimate NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 207 31 which which WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 207 32 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 207 33 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 207 34 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 207 35 specific specific JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 207 36 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 207 37 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 207 38 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 207 39 varying varying NN cord-026144-buctm04o 207 40 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 208 1 7 7 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 209 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 209 2 note note VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 209 3 some some DT cord-026144-buctm04o 209 4 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 209 5 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 209 6 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 209 7 country country NN cord-026144-buctm04o 209 8 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 209 9 specific specific JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 209 10 trajectory trajectory NN cord-026144-buctm04o 209 11 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 209 12 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 209 13 effects effect NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 209 14 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 209 15 Stock Stock NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 209 16 Market Market NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 209 17 Capitalization Capitalization NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 209 18 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 209 19 Trade Trade NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 209 20 Intensity Intensity NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 209 21 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 210 1 For for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 210 2 example example NN cord-026144-buctm04o 210 3 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 210 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 210 5 see see VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 210 6 that that IN cord-026144-buctm04o 210 7 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 210 8 some some DT cord-026144-buctm04o 210 9 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 210 10 such such JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 210 11 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 210 12 Ghana Ghana NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 210 13 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 210 14 Russia Russia NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 210 15 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 210 16 Greece Greece NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 210 17 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 210 18 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 210 19 effect effect NN cord-026144-buctm04o 210 20 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 210 21 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 210 22 / / SYM cord-026144-buctm04o 210 23 GDP gdp NN cord-026144-buctm04o 210 24 ratio ratio NN cord-026144-buctm04o 210 25 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 210 26 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 210 27 cost cost NN cord-026144-buctm04o 210 28 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 210 29 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 210 30 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 210 31 witnesses witness NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 210 32 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 210 33 steeper steep JJR cord-026144-buctm04o 210 34 increase increase NN cord-026144-buctm04o 210 35 compared compare VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 210 36 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 210 37 other other JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 210 38 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 210 39 such such JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 210 40 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 210 41 USA USA NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 210 42 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 210 43 Ukraine Ukraine NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 210 44 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 210 45 2008 2008 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 210 46 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 210 47 2009 2009 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 210 48 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 210 49 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 210 50 year year NN cord-026144-buctm04o 210 51 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 210 52 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 210 53 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 210 54 ; ; : cord-026144-buctm04o 210 55 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 210 56 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 210 57 unable unable JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 210 58 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 210 59 present present VB cord-026144-buctm04o 210 60 these these DT cord-026144-buctm04o 210 61 results result NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 210 62 due due JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 210 63 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 210 64 space space NN cord-026144-buctm04o 210 65 constraints constraint NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 210 66 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 211 1 However however RB cord-026144-buctm04o 211 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 211 3 these these DT cord-026144-buctm04o 211 4 findings finding NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 211 5 offer offer VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 211 6 directions direction NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 211 7 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 211 8 future future JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 211 9 research research NN cord-026144-buctm04o 211 10 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 212 1 To to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 212 2 assess assess VB cord-026144-buctm04o 212 3 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 212 4 fit fit NN cord-026144-buctm04o 212 5 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 212 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 212 7 compare compare VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 212 8 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 212 9 forecasting forecasting NN cord-026144-buctm04o 212 10 accuracy accuracy NN cord-026144-buctm04o 212 11 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 212 12 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 212 13 proposed propose VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 212 14 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 212 15 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 212 16 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 212 17 benchmark benchmark JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 212 18 Hierarchical Hierarchical NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 212 19 Bayesian Bayesian NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 212 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 212 21 HB HB NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 212 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 212 23 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 212 24 which which WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 212 25 has have VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 212 26 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 212 27 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 212 28 invariant invariant JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 212 29 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 212 30 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 213 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 213 2 specify specify VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 213 3 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 213 4 HB HB NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 213 5 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 213 6 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 213 7 follows follow VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 213 8 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 214 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 214 2 above above JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 214 3 specification specification NN cord-026144-buctm04o 214 4 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 214 5 similar similar JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 214 6 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 214 7 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 214 8 DHLM dhlm NN cord-026144-buctm04o 214 9 with with IN cord-026144-buctm04o 214 10 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 214 11 major major JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 214 12 difference difference NN cord-026144-buctm04o 214 13 being be VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 214 14 that that IN cord-026144-buctm04o 214 15 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 214 16 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 214 17 now now RB cord-026144-buctm04o 214 18 do do VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 214 19 not not RB cord-026144-buctm04o 214 20 vary vary VB cord-026144-buctm04o 214 21 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 214 22 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 214 23 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 215 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 215 2 dependent dependent JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 215 3 variables variable NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 215 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 215 5 Y y NN cord-026144-buctm04o 215 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 215 7 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 215 8 independent independent JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 215 9 variables variable NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 215 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 215 11 X x NN cord-026144-buctm04o 215 12 1 1 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 215 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 215 14 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 215 15 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 215 16 same same JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 215 17 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 215 18 those those DT cord-026144-buctm04o 215 19 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 215 20 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 215 21 proposed propose VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 215 22 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 215 23 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 215 24 while while IN cord-026144-buctm04o 215 25 X x NN cord-026144-buctm04o 215 26 2 2 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 215 27 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 215 28 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 215 29 matrix matrix NN cord-026144-buctm04o 215 30 that that WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 215 31 adjusts adjust VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 215 32 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 215 33 size size NN cord-026144-buctm04o 215 34 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 215 35 l l NN cord-026144-buctm04o 215 36 1 1 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 215 37 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 215 38 that that DT cord-026144-buctm04o 215 39 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 215 40 l l NN cord-026144-buctm04o 215 41 2 2 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 215 42 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 216 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 216 2 compare compare VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 216 3 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 216 4 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 216 5 fit fit VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 216 6 by by IN cord-026144-buctm04o 216 7 computing compute VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 216 8 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 216 9 out out JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 216 10 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 216 11 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 216 12 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 216 13 sample sample NN cord-026144-buctm04o 216 14 one one CD cord-026144-buctm04o 216 15 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 216 16 step step NN cord-026144-buctm04o 216 17 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 216 18 ahead ahead RB cord-026144-buctm04o 216 19 forecast forecast NN cord-026144-buctm04o 216 20 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 216 21 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 216 22 proposed propose VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 216 23 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 216 24 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 216 25 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 216 26 benchmark benchmark JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 216 27 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 216 28 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 217 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 217 2 calculate calculate VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 217 3 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 217 4 mean mean JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 217 5 absolute absolute JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 217 6 percentage percentage NN cord-026144-buctm04o 217 7 error error NN cord-026144-buctm04o 217 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 217 9 MAPE MAPE NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 217 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 217 11 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 217 12 which which WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 217 13 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 217 14 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 217 15 standard standard JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 217 16 fit fit JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 217 17 statistic statistic NN cord-026144-buctm04o 217 18 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 217 19 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 217 20 comparison comparison NN cord-026144-buctm04o 217 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 217 22 17 17 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 217 23 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 217 24 35 35 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 217 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 217 26 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 218 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 218 2 find find VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 218 3 that that IN cord-026144-buctm04o 218 4 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 218 5 MAPE MAPE NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 218 6 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 218 7 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 218 8 proposed propose VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 218 9 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 218 10 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 218 11 21.11 21.11 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 218 12 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 218 13 while while IN cord-026144-buctm04o 218 14 that that DT cord-026144-buctm04o 218 15 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 218 16 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 218 17 benchmark benchmark JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 218 18 HB HB NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 218 19 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 218 20 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 218 21 42.68 42.68 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 218 22 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 219 1 Thus thus RB cord-026144-buctm04o 219 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 219 3 proposed propose VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 219 4 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 219 5 forecasts forecast NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 219 6 more more RBR cord-026144-buctm04o 219 7 accurately accurately RB cord-026144-buctm04o 219 8 than than IN cord-026144-buctm04o 219 9 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 219 10 benchmark benchmark JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 219 11 HB HB NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 219 12 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 219 13 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 220 1 In in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 220 2 this this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 220 3 research research NN cord-026144-buctm04o 220 4 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 220 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 220 6 attempt attempt VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 220 7 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 220 8 shed shed VB cord-026144-buctm04o 220 9 light light NN cord-026144-buctm04o 220 10 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 220 11 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 220 12 following following JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 220 13 question question NN cord-026144-buctm04o 220 14 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 220 15 How how WRB cord-026144-buctm04o 220 16 can can MD cord-026144-buctm04o 220 17 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 220 18 develop develop VB cord-026144-buctm04o 220 19 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 220 20 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 220 21 that that WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 220 22 would would MD cord-026144-buctm04o 220 23 permit permit VB cord-026144-buctm04o 220 24 us -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 220 25 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 220 26 examine examine VB cord-026144-buctm04o 220 27 variations variation NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 220 28 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 220 29 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 220 30 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 220 31 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 220 32 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 220 33 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 220 34 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 220 35 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 220 36 environments environment NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 220 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 220 38 such such JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 220 39 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 220 40 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 220 41 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 220 42 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 220 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 220 44 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 220 45 while while IN cord-026144-buctm04o 220 46 also also RB cord-026144-buctm04o 220 47 accounting account VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 220 48 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 220 49 possible possible JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 220 50 variations variation NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 220 51 across across IN cord-026144-buctm04o 220 52 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 220 53 ? ? . cord-026144-buctm04o 221 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 221 2 addressed address VBD cord-026144-buctm04o 221 3 this this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 221 4 question question NN cord-026144-buctm04o 221 5 by by IN cord-026144-buctm04o 221 6 proposing propose VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 221 7 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 221 8 DHLM dhlm JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 221 9 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 221 10 that that WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 221 11 can can MD cord-026144-buctm04o 221 12 cope cope VB cord-026144-buctm04o 221 13 with with IN cord-026144-buctm04o 221 14 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 221 15 three three CD cord-026144-buctm04o 221 16 challenges challenge NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 221 17 present present JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 221 18 when when WRB cord-026144-buctm04o 221 19 modeling model VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 221 20 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 221 21 from from IN cord-026144-buctm04o 221 22 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 221 23 environments environment NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 221 24 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 221 25 nonstationarity nonstationarity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 221 26 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 221 27 changes change NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 221 28 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 221 29 parameters parameter NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 221 30 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 221 31 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 221 32 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 221 33 cross cross JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 221 34 - - JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 221 35 sectional sectional JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 221 36 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 221 37 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 222 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 222 2 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 222 3 estimates estimate NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 222 4 detect detect VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 222 5 variation variation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 222 6 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 222 7 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 222 8 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 222 9 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 222 10 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 222 11 drivers driver NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 222 12 o o NN cord-026144-buctm04o 222 13 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 222 14 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 222 15 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 222 16 which which WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 222 17 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 222 18 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 222 19 interest interest NN cord-026144-buctm04o 222 20 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 222 21 policy policy NN cord-026144-buctm04o 222 22 makers maker NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 222 23 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 222 24 deciding decide VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 222 25 when when WRB cord-026144-buctm04o 222 26 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 222 27 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 222 28 how how WRB cord-026144-buctm04o 222 29 long long JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 222 30 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 222 31 schedule schedule VB cord-026144-buctm04o 222 32 interventions intervention NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 222 33 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 222 34 alleviate alleviate VB cord-026144-buctm04o 222 35 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 222 36 impact impact NN cord-026144-buctm04o 222 37 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 222 38 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 222 39 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 222 40 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 222 41 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 223 1 Further further RB cord-026144-buctm04o 223 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 223 3 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 223 4 trajectory trajectory NN cord-026144-buctm04o 223 5 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 223 6 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 223 7 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 223 8 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 223 9 varying vary VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 223 10 effects effect NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 223 11 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 223 12 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 223 13 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 223 14 indicators indicator NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 223 15 are be VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 223 16 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 223 17 line line NN cord-026144-buctm04o 223 18 with with IN cord-026144-buctm04o 223 19 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 223 20 expectations expectation NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 223 21 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 224 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 224 2 also also RB cord-026144-buctm04o 224 3 note note VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 224 4 some some DT cord-026144-buctm04o 224 5 degree degree NN cord-026144-buctm04o 224 6 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 224 7 countryspecific countryspecific NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 224 8 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 224 9 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 224 10 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 224 11 manner manner NN cord-026144-buctm04o 224 12 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 224 13 which which WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 224 14 these these DT cord-026144-buctm04o 224 15 drivers driver NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 224 16 evolve evolve VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 224 17 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 224 18 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 224 19 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 224 20 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 224 21 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 224 22 detailed detailed JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 224 23 scrutiny scrutiny NN cord-026144-buctm04o 224 24 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 224 25 these these DT cord-026144-buctm04o 224 26 findings finding NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 224 27 may may MD cord-026144-buctm04o 224 28 prove prove VB cord-026144-buctm04o 224 29 fertile fertile JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 224 30 ground ground NN cord-026144-buctm04o 224 31 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 224 32 future future JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 224 33 research research NN cord-026144-buctm04o 224 34 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 225 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 225 2 DHLM dhlm NN cord-026144-buctm04o 225 3 can can MD cord-026144-buctm04o 225 4 be be VB cord-026144-buctm04o 225 5 easily easily RB cord-026144-buctm04o 225 6 scaled scale VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 225 7 up up RP cord-026144-buctm04o 225 8 thereby thereby RB cord-026144-buctm04o 225 9 allowing allow VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 225 10 us -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 225 11 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 225 12 extend extend VB cord-026144-buctm04o 225 13 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 225 14 analysis analysis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 225 15 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 226 1 First first RB cord-026144-buctm04o 226 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 226 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 226 4 can can MD cord-026144-buctm04o 226 5 add add VB cord-026144-buctm04o 226 6 another another DT cord-026144-buctm04o 226 7 level level NN cord-026144-buctm04o 226 8 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 226 9 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 226 10 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 226 11 hierarchy hierarchy NN cord-026144-buctm04o 226 12 by by IN cord-026144-buctm04o 226 13 specifying specify VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 226 14 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 226 15 second second JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 226 16 pooling pooling NN cord-026144-buctm04o 226 17 equation equation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 226 18 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 227 1 This this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 227 2 would would MD cord-026144-buctm04o 227 3 permit permit VB cord-026144-buctm04o 227 4 us -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 227 5 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 227 6 study study VB cord-026144-buctm04o 227 7 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 227 8 problem problem NN cord-026144-buctm04o 227 9 at at IN cord-026144-buctm04o 227 10 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 227 11 firm firm JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 227 12 level level NN cord-026144-buctm04o 227 13 since since IN cord-026144-buctm04o 227 14 evidence evidence NN cord-026144-buctm04o 227 15 suggests suggest VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 227 16 thatduring thatdure VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 227 17 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 227 18 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 227 19 -firms -firms : cord-026144-buctm04o 227 20 from from IN cord-026144-buctm04o 227 21 developing develop VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 227 22 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 227 23 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 227 24 financially financially RB cord-026144-buctm04o 227 25 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 227 26 sectors sector NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 227 27 faced face VBD cord-026144-buctm04o 227 28 higher high JJR cord-026144-buctm04o 227 29 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 227 30 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 227 31 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 227 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 227 33 13 13 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 227 34 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 227 35 30 30 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 227 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 227 37 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 227 38 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 227 39 one one PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 227 40 can can MD cord-026144-buctm04o 227 41 use use VB cord-026144-buctm04o 227 42 recent recent JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 227 43 NLP NLP NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 227 44 approaches approach NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 227 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 227 46 37 37 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 227 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 227 48 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 227 49 gather gather VB cord-026144-buctm04o 227 50 firm firm JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 227 51 information information NN cord-026144-buctm04o 227 52 across across IN cord-026144-buctm04o 227 53 different different JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 227 54 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 227 55 sources source NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 227 56 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 228 1 Second second RB cord-026144-buctm04o 228 2 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 228 3 more more JJR cord-026144-buctm04o 228 4 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 228 5 variables variable NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 228 6 can can MD cord-026144-buctm04o 228 7 be be VB cord-026144-buctm04o 228 8 added add VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 228 9 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 228 10 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 228 11 observation observation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 228 12 equation equation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 228 13 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 229 1 In in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 229 2 addition addition NN cord-026144-buctm04o 229 3 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 229 4 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 229 5 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 229 6 can can MD cord-026144-buctm04o 229 7 be be VB cord-026144-buctm04o 229 8 used use VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 229 9 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 229 10 study study VB cord-026144-buctm04o 229 11 other other JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 229 12 contexts context NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 229 13 that that WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 229 14 face face VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 229 15 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 229 16 environments environment NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 229 17 such such JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 229 18 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 229 19 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 229 20 services service NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 229 21 costs cost NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 229 22 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 229 23 global global JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 229 24 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 229 25 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 230 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 230 2 suitability suitability NN cord-026144-buctm04o 230 3 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 230 4 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 230 5 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 230 6 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 230 7 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 230 8 environments environment NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 230 9 also also RB cord-026144-buctm04o 230 10 implies imply VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 230 11 that that IN cord-026144-buctm04o 230 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 230 13 can can MD cord-026144-buctm04o 230 14 also also RB cord-026144-buctm04o 230 15 be be VB cord-026144-buctm04o 230 16 used use VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 230 17 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 230 18 study study VB cord-026144-buctm04o 230 19 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 230 20 impact impact NN cord-026144-buctm04o 230 21 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 230 22 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 230 23 recent recent JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 230 24 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-026144-buctm04o 230 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 230 26 COVID-19 covid-19 VB cord-026144-buctm04o 230 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 230 28 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 230 29 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 230 30 activities activity NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 230 31 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 230 32 since since IN cord-026144-buctm04o 230 33 reports report NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 230 34 from from IN cord-026144-buctm04o 230 35 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 230 36 European European NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 230 37 Central Central NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 230 38 Bank Bank NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 230 39 have have VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 230 40 suggested suggest VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 230 41 that that IN cord-026144-buctm04o 230 42 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 230 43 virus virus NN cord-026144-buctm04o 230 44 can can MD cord-026144-buctm04o 230 45 lead lead VB cord-026144-buctm04o 230 46 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 230 47 economic economic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 230 48 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-026144-buctm04o 230 49 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 231 1 In in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 2 many many JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 231 3 ways way NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 231 4 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 231 5 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 231 6 way way NN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 7 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 231 8 virus virus NN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 9 impacts impact VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 231 10 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 231 11 economy economy NN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 12 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 231 13 similar similar JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 231 14 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 15 that that DT cord-026144-buctm04o 231 16 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 17 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 231 18 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 231 19 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 20 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 231 21 There there EX cord-026144-buctm04o 231 22 is be VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 231 23 no no DT cord-026144-buctm04o 231 24 fixed fix VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 25 date date NN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 26 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 27 which which WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 231 28 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 231 29 interventions intervention NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 231 30 starts start VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 231 31 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 231 32 endsunlike endsunlike NN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 33 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 231 34 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 35 example example NN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 36 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 231 37 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 231 38 imposition imposition NN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 39 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 40 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 231 41 new new JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 231 42 state state NN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 43 taxand taxand NN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 44 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-026144-buctm04o 231 45 impact impact NN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 46 may may MD cord-026144-buctm04o 231 47 vary vary VB cord-026144-buctm04o 231 48 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 49 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 50 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 51 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 231 52 virus virus NN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 53 as as RB cord-026144-buctm04o 231 54 well well RB cord-026144-buctm04o 231 55 as as IN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 56 people people NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 231 57 's 's POS cord-026144-buctm04o 231 58 reaction reaction NN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 59 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 60 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 231 61 gains gain VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 231 62 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 63 strength strength NN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 64 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 231 65 then then RB cord-026144-buctm04o 231 66 wanes wane VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 231 67 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 231 68 it -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 231 69 would would MD cord-026144-buctm04o 231 70 be be VB cord-026144-buctm04o 231 71 interesting interesting JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 231 72 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 231 73 model model VB cord-026144-buctm04o 231 74 these these DT cord-026144-buctm04o 231 75 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 76 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 231 77 varying vary VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 231 78 effects effect NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 231 79 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 231 80 see see VB cord-026144-buctm04o 231 81 how how WRB cord-026144-buctm04o 231 82 they -PRON- PRP cord-026144-buctm04o 231 83 evolve evolve VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 231 84 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 85 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 231 86 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 232 1 Aggregate aggregate JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 232 2 risk risk NN cord-026144-buctm04o 232 3 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 232 4 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 232 5 choice choice NN cord-026144-buctm04o 232 6 between between IN cord-026144-buctm04o 232 7 cash cash NN cord-026144-buctm04o 232 8 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 232 9 lines line NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 232 10 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 232 11 credit credit NN cord-026144-buctm04o 232 12 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 232 13 aggregate aggregate JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 232 14 risk risk NN cord-026144-buctm04o 232 15 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 232 16 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 232 17 choice choice NN cord-026144-buctm04o 232 18 between between IN cord-026144-buctm04o 232 19 cash cash NN cord-026144-buctm04o 232 20 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 232 21 lines line NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 232 22 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 232 23 credit credit NN cord-026144-buctm04o 232 24 A a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 232 25 theory theory NN cord-026144-buctm04o 232 26 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 232 27 domestic domestic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 232 28 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 232 29 international international JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 232 30 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 232 31 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 232 32 Liquidity liquidity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 232 33 mergers merger NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 232 34 Exports export NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 232 35 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 232 36 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 232 37 shocks shock NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 233 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 233 2 long long JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 233 3 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 233 4 term term NN cord-026144-buctm04o 233 5 effect effect NN cord-026144-buctm04o 233 6 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 233 7 marketing marketing NN cord-026144-buctm04o 233 8 strategy strategy NN cord-026144-buctm04o 233 9 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 233 10 brand brand NN cord-026144-buctm04o 233 11 sales sale NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 233 12 Building Building NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 233 13 brands brand NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 234 1 Boosting boost VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 234 2 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 234 3 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 234 4 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 234 5 developing develop VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 234 6 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 234 7 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 234 8 what what WDT cord-026144-buctm04o 234 9 link link NN cord-026144-buctm04o 234 10 with with IN cord-026144-buctm04o 234 11 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 234 12 WTO WTO NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 234 13 ? ? . cord-026144-buctm04o 235 1 Working working NN cord-026144-buctm04o 235 2 paper paper NN cord-026144-buctm04o 235 3 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 235 4 SSRN SSRN NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 235 5 eLibrary eLibrary NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 235 6 Response Response NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 235 7 styles style NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 235 8 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 235 9 marketing marketing NN cord-026144-buctm04o 235 10 research research NN cord-026144-buctm04o 235 11 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 235 12 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 235 13 crossnational crossnational JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 235 14 investigation investigation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 236 1 Do do VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 236 2 depositors depositor NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 236 3 discipline discipline VB cord-026144-buctm04o 236 4 banks bank NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 236 5 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 236 6 did do VBD cord-026144-buctm04o 236 7 government government NN cord-026144-buctm04o 236 8 actions action NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 236 9 during during IN cord-026144-buctm04o 236 10 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 236 11 recent recent JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 236 12 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 236 13 reduce reduce VB cord-026144-buctm04o 236 14 this this DT cord-026144-buctm04o 236 15 discipline discipline NN cord-026144-buctm04o 236 16 ? ? . cord-026144-buctm04o 237 1 An an DT cord-026144-buctm04o 237 2 international international JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 237 3 perspective perspective NN cord-026144-buctm04o 237 4 Financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 237 5 institutions institution NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 237 6 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 237 7 markets market NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 237 8 across across IN cord-026144-buctm04o 237 9 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 237 10 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 237 11 over over IN cord-026144-buctm04o 237 12 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 237 13 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 237 14 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 237 15 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 237 16 analysis analysis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 238 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 238 2 emergence emergence NN cord-026144-buctm04o 238 3 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 238 4 market market NN cord-026144-buctm04o 238 5 structure structure NN cord-026144-buctm04o 238 6 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 238 7 new new JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 238 8 repeat repeat NN cord-026144-buctm04o 238 9 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 238 10 purchase purchase NN cord-026144-buctm04o 238 11 categories category NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 238 12 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 238 13 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 238 14 interplay interplay NN cord-026144-buctm04o 238 15 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 238 16 market market NN cord-026144-buctm04o 238 17 share share NN cord-026144-buctm04o 238 18 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 238 19 retailer retailer NN cord-026144-buctm04o 238 20 distribution distribution NN cord-026144-buctm04o 238 21 International International NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 238 22 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 238 23 domestic domestic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 238 24 collateral collateral JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 238 25 constraints constraint NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 238 26 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 238 27 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 238 28 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 238 29 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 238 30 emerging emerge VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 238 31 market market NN cord-026144-buctm04o 238 32 crises crisis NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 238 33 Off off IN cord-026144-buctm04o 238 34 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 238 35 cliff cliff NN cord-026144-buctm04o 238 36 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 238 37 back back RB cord-026144-buctm04o 238 38 ? ? . cord-026144-buctm04o 239 1 Credit credit NN cord-026144-buctm04o 239 2 conditions condition NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 239 3 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 239 4 international international JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 239 5 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 239 6 during during IN cord-026144-buctm04o 239 7 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 239 8 global global JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 239 9 financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 239 10 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 239 11 Using use VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 239 12 market market NN cord-026144-buctm04o 239 13 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 239 14 level level NN cord-026144-buctm04o 239 15 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 239 16 to to TO cord-026144-buctm04o 239 17 understand understand VB cord-026144-buctm04o 239 18 promotion promotion NN cord-026144-buctm04o 239 19 effects effect NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 239 20 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 239 21 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 239 22 nonlinear nonlinear JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 239 23 model model NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 1 Improving improve VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 240 2 consumer consumer NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 3 mindset mindset NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 4 metrics metric NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 240 5 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 240 6 shareholder shareholder NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 7 value value NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 8 through through IN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 9 social social JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 240 10 media medium NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 240 11 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 240 12 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 240 13 different different JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 240 14 roles role NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 240 15 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 16 owned own VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 17 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 240 18 earned earn VBD cord-026144-buctm04o 240 19 media medium NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 240 20 Debtor debtor NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 21 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 240 22 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 23 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 240 24 possession possession NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 25 financing financing NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 26 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 240 27 bankruptcy bankruptcy NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 28 resolution resolution NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 29 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 240 30 empirical empirical JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 240 31 evidence evidence NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 32 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 240 33 persistence persistence NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 34 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 35 marketing marketing NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 36 effects effect NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 240 37 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 38 sales sale NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 240 39 Sample sample NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 40 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 240 41 based base VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 42 approaches approach NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 240 43 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 44 calculating calculate VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 240 45 marginal marginal JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 240 46 densities density NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 240 47 Investigating investigate VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 240 48 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 240 49 relationship relationship NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 50 between between IN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 51 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 240 52 content content NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 53 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 54 online online JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 240 55 word word NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 56 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 57 mouth mouth NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 58 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 240 59 advertising advertising NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 60 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 240 61 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 240 62 brand brand NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 63 performance performance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 64 Econometric Econometric NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 240 65 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 240 66 Decomposing decompose VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 240 67 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 240 68 great great JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 240 69 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 70 collapse collapse NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 71 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 240 72 products product NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 240 73 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 240 74 prices price NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 240 75 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 240 76 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 240 77 quantities quantity NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 240 78 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 79 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 240 80 2008 2008 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 240 81 - - SYM cord-026144-buctm04o 240 82 2009 2009 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 240 83 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 84 Time Time NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 240 85 Series Series NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 240 86 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 240 87 Foreign Foreign NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 240 88 banks bank NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 240 89 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 90 syndicated syndicate VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 91 loan loan NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 92 markets market NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 240 93 Combining combine VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 240 94 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 95 series series NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 96 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 240 97 cross cross JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 240 98 sectional sectional JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 240 99 data datum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 240 100 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 101 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 240 102 analysis analysis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 103 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 104 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 240 105 marketing marketing NN cord-026144-buctm04o 240 106 systems system NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 240 107 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 241 1 Working work VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 241 2 paper paper NN cord-026144-buctm04o 241 3 Product product NN cord-026144-buctm04o 241 4 line line NN cord-026144-buctm04o 241 5 extensions extension NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 241 6 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 241 7 competitive competitive JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 241 8 market market NN cord-026144-buctm04o 241 9 interactions interaction NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 241 10 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 241 11 an an DT cord-026144-buctm04o 241 12 empirical empirical JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 241 13 analysis analysis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 241 14 Dynamic dynamic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 241 15 hierarchical hierarchical JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 241 16 models model NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 241 17 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 241 18 an an DT cord-026144-buctm04o 241 19 extension extension NN cord-026144-buctm04o 241 20 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 241 21 matrix matrix NN cord-026144-buctm04o 241 22 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 241 23 variate variate NN cord-026144-buctm04o 241 24 observations observation NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 242 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 242 2 collapse collapse NN cord-026144-buctm04o 242 3 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 242 4 international international JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 242 5 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 242 6 during during IN cord-026144-buctm04o 242 7 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 242 8 2008 2008 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 242 9 - - SYM cord-026144-buctm04o 242 10 09 09 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 242 11 crisis crisis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 242 12 . . . cord-026144-buctm04o 243 1 In in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 243 2 search search NN cord-026144-buctm04o 243 3 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 243 4 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 243 5 smoking smoking NN cord-026144-buctm04o 243 6 gun gun NN cord-026144-buctm04o 243 7 Financial financial JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 243 8 intermediation intermediation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 243 9 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 243 10 growth growth NN cord-026144-buctm04o 243 11 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 243 12 Causality causality NN cord-026144-buctm04o 243 13 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 243 14 causes cause VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 243 15 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 243 16 BUGS bug NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 244 1 Book book NN cord-026144-buctm04o 244 2 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 245 1 A a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 245 2 Practical practical JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 245 3 Introduction introduction NN cord-026144-buctm04o 245 4 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 245 5 Bayesian Bayesian NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 245 6 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 245 7 Trade Trade NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 245 8 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 245 9 trade trade NN cord-026144-buctm04o 245 10 finance finance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 245 11 developments development NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 245 12 in in IN cord-026144-buctm04o 245 13 14 14 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 245 14 developing develop VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 245 15 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 245 16 post post VBP cord-026144-buctm04o 245 17 Creating create VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 245 18 micro micro JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 245 19 - - JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 245 20 marketing marketing JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 245 21 pricing pricing NN cord-026144-buctm04o 245 22 strategies strategy NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 245 23 using use VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 245 24 supermarket supermarket NN cord-026144-buctm04o 245 25 scanner scanner NN cord-026144-buctm04o 245 26 data data NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 246 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 246 2 long long JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 246 3 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 246 4 term term NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 5 impact impact NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 6 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 7 promotion promotion NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 8 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 246 9 advertising advertising NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 10 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 11 consumer consumer NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 12 brand brand NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 13 choice choice NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 14 Price price NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 15 elasticity elasticity NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 16 variations variation NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 246 17 across across IN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 18 locations location NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 246 19 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 246 20 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 21 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 246 22 customer customer NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 23 segments segment NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 246 24 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 246 25 an an DT cord-026144-buctm04o 246 26 application application NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 27 to to IN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 28 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 246 29 self self NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 30 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 246 31 storage storage NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 32 industry industry NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 33 Reducing reduce VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 246 34 food food NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 35 waste waste NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 36 through through IN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 37 digital digital JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 246 38 platforms platform NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 246 39 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 246 40 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 246 41 quantification quantification NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 42 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 43 cross cross JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 246 44 - - JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 246 45 side side JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 246 46 network network NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 47 effects effect NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 246 48 Modeling modeling NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 49 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 246 50 forecasting forecast VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 246 51 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 246 52 sales sale NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 246 53 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 54 technology technology NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 55 products product NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 246 56 Consumer consumer NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 57 bankruptcies bankruptcy NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 246 58 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 246 59 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 246 60 bankruptcy bankruptcy NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 61 reform reform NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 246 62 act act NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 246 63 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 246 64 a a DT cord-026144-buctm04o 246 65 time time NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 66 - - HYPH cord-026144-buctm04o 246 67 series series NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 68 intervention intervention NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 69 analysis analysis NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 70 , , , cord-026144-buctm04o 246 71 1960 1960 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 246 72 - - SYM cord-026144-buctm04o 246 73 1997 1997 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 246 74 Term Term NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 246 75 based base VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 76 semantic semantic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 246 77 clusters cluster NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 246 78 for for IN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 79 very very RB cord-026144-buctm04o 246 80 short short JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 246 81 text text NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 82 classification classification NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 83 Who who WP cord-026144-buctm04o 246 84 benefits benefit VBZ cord-026144-buctm04o 246 85 from from IN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 86 store store NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 87 brand brand NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 88 entry entry NN cord-026144-buctm04o 246 89 ? ? . cord-026144-buctm04o 247 1 Marketing marketing NN cord-026144-buctm04o 247 2 budget budget NN cord-026144-buctm04o 247 3 allocation allocation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 247 4 across across IN cord-026144-buctm04o 247 5 countries country NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 247 6 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 247 7 the the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 247 8 role role NN cord-026144-buctm04o 247 9 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 247 10 international international JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 247 11 business business NN cord-026144-buctm04o 247 12 cycles cycle NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 247 13 Information Information NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 247 14 asymmetry asymmetry NN cord-026144-buctm04o 247 15 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 247 16 financing financing NN cord-026144-buctm04o 247 17 arrangements arrangement NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 247 18 : : : cord-026144-buctm04o 247 19 evidence evidence NN cord-026144-buctm04o 247 20 from from IN cord-026144-buctm04o 247 21 syndicated syndicate VBN cord-026144-buctm04o 247 22 loans loan NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 248 1 The the DT cord-026144-buctm04o 248 2 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-026144-buctm04o 248 3 effect effect NN cord-026144-buctm04o 248 4 of of IN cord-026144-buctm04o 248 5 innovation innovation NN cord-026144-buctm04o 248 6 on on IN cord-026144-buctm04o 248 7 market market NN cord-026144-buctm04o 248 8 structure structure NN cord-026144-buctm04o 248 9 Bayesian Bayesian NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 248 10 Forecasting Forecasting NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 248 11 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 248 12 Dynamic Dynamic NNP cord-026144-buctm04o 248 13 Models model NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 249 1 Predicting predict VBG cord-026144-buctm04o 249 2 nitrogen nitrogen NN cord-026144-buctm04o 249 3 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 249 4 chlorophyll chlorophyll NN cord-026144-buctm04o 249 5 content content NN cord-026144-buctm04o 249 6 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 249 7 concentrations concentration NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 249 8 from from IN cord-026144-buctm04o 249 9 reflectance reflectance NN cord-026144-buctm04o 249 10 spectra spectrum NNS cord-026144-buctm04o 249 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 249 12 400 400 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 249 13 - - SYM cord-026144-buctm04o 249 14 2500 2500 CD cord-026144-buctm04o 249 15 nm nm NN cord-026144-buctm04o 249 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-026144-buctm04o 249 17 at at IN cord-026144-buctm04o 249 18 leaf leaf NN cord-026144-buctm04o 249 19 and and CC cord-026144-buctm04o 249 20 canopy canopy NN cord-026144-buctm04o 249 21 scales scale NNS