id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-001293-dfaxj3bv	Cavaillon, Jean-Marc	Is boosting the immune system in sepsis appropriate?	2014-03-24		.txt	text/plain	6238	315	33	In response to the failure of therapies aiming to target either the up-stream microbial activators or the effector molecules of the inflammatory cascade, a new concept has emerged of boosting the immune system to counter immunosuppression that develops in patients who survive the initial, hyperinflammatory period of sepsis [1] . One can conjecture that systemic treatment with IL-7 may act in undesired places, as illustrated by the following: IL-7 worsens graft-versus-host-induced tissue inflammation [81] ; favors inflammation in colitis [82] , contributes to arthritis severity [83] ; upregulates chemokines, IFNγ, macrophage recruitment, and lung inflammation [84] ; and, finally, increases production of inflammatory cytokines by monocytes and T cells [85] . Not only are PD-1-deficient mice markedly protected from the lethality of sepsis, accompanied by a decreased bacterial burden and suppressed inflammatory cytokine response [98] , but also blockade of PD-1 or PD-L1 improves survival in a murine model of sepsis, reverses immune dysfunction, inhibits lymphocyte apoptosis, and attenuates organ dysfunction [99] [100] [101] .	./cache/cord-001293-dfaxj3bv.txt	./txt/cord-001293-dfaxj3bv.txt