id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-259367-2e998to9	Jacques, Alexandre	Macrophage interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α are induced by coronavirus fixation to Toll-like receptor 2/heparan sulphate receptors but not carcinoembryonic cell adhesion antigen 1a	2009-09-01		.txt	text/plain	6412	370	51	In this study, we demonstrate that the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-a, produced by MHV3-infected peritoneal macrophages, were induced by the fixation of protein S of MHV3 on TLR2 associated with regions enriched in heparan sulphate instead of CEA-CAM1a. 23, 44 To determine whether that the pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by L2-MHV3 in macrophages depend on viral fixation to regions enriched in heparan sulphate, resident peritoneal macrophages from C57BL/6 and Ceacam1a )/) mice were treated in vitro with heparin and infected further with L2-MHV3. To identify the intracellular signalling pathways involved in the TLR2/heparan sulphate region-dependent production of IL-6 and TNF-a, peritoneal macrophages from C57BL/6 and Ceacam1a )/) mice were treated with p38 (SB203580) and ERK-1/2 (U0126) MAPK inhibitors and infected in vitro with L2-MHV3. 21, 48, 49 However, we have demonstrated that viral fixation to the CEACAM1a receptor is not directly involved in the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-a by MHV3-infected peritoneal macrophages as these cytokines were also induced in cells from Ceacam1a )/) mice and regulated by the MAPK pathways.	./cache/cord-259367-2e998to9.txt	./txt/cord-259367-2e998to9.txt