cord-003749-3uivy27w	2019	This study is the first longitudinal investigation of the changes in routinely measured blood parameters and, additionally, serum amyloid A (SAA), during seven months, in Arabian horses introduced to endurance training and competing in events for young horses. It has been determined that CPK, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count (RBC), and concentration of total serum protein (TSP) slightly increased after training sessions and competitions in similar manner. In endurance horses, creatine phosphokinase activity (CPK) poses the most important functional measurement and, additionally, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration (HGB), red blood cell count (RBC), and concentration of total serum protein (TSP), glucose, phosphorus, and potassium [1, 2] are commonly determined. Our study indicates that, in the horses that begin their endurance carrier, the measurements of SAA concentration, together with commonly accepted parameters, give additional insight into the training process.
cord-013023-uanozm00	2020	
cord-030600-0o7xafqz	2020	The importance of training in human factors and non-technical skills has also been brought to the fore while operating under the constraints of personal protective equipment and working in new teams and unfamiliar environments. Furthermore, operating in the challenging environment of COVID-19 has also highlighted the impact of human factors (HF) and non-technical skills training, especially in reducing medical error. With the large-scale changes to operative and clinical practice, one may argue that managing patients within the COVID-19 pandemic can also present new and unforeseen training opportunities; for example, the ability to learn skills in crisis management, healthcare management and leadership skills. 5 Core surgical trainees will undoubtedly experience difficulties in gaining exposure to emergency and elective urology over the next few months due to reduced clinical activity and the redeployment of many to staff wards occupied mostly by patients with COVID-19.
cord-159103-dbgs2ado	2020	The medical FL use-case is inherently different from other domains, e.g. in terms of number of participants and data diversity, and while recent surveys investigate the research advances and open questions of FL [14, 11, 15] , we focus on what it actually means for digital health and what is needed to enable it. Transfer Learning, for example, is a well-established approach of model-sharing that makes it possible to tackle problems with deep neural networks that have millions of parameters, despite the lack of extensive, local datasets that are required for training from scratch: a model is first trained on a large dataset and then further optimised on the actual target data. To adopt this approach into a form of collaborative learning in a FL setup with continuous learning from different institutions, the participants can share their model with a peer-to-peer architecture in a "round-robin" or parallel fashion and train in turn on their local data.
cord-209221-vjfmxsks	2020	Experimental results show that typical data transfer methods can improve test prediction scores of an off-the-shelf Transformer baseline model. The result shows that every data transfer method can improve the test prediction accuracy of an off-the-shelf Transformer retrosynthesis model. Table 3 : n-best accuracy of retrosynthesis tasks on USPTO-50K, with different data-transfer training methods. n-best accuracy (%) Training Method n = 1 n = 3 n = 5 n = 10 n = 20 n = 50 Single model (No Transfer) 35.3 ± 1.4 52.8 ± 1.4 58.9 ± 1.3 64.5 ± 1.2 68.8 ± 1.2 72.1 ± 1.3 Joint Training 38.4 ± 0.9 60.7 ± 0.5 67.8 ± 0.4 75.2 ± 0.3 80.4 ± 0.4 84.9 ± 0.3 Self-Training 41.2 ± 0.3 60.2 ± 0.4 66.2 ± 0.2 71.9 ± 0.3 75.5 ± 0.5 78.2 ± 0.5 Pre-training + Fine-Tune 52.2 ± 0.4 73.1 ± 0.4 78.8 ± 0.4 83.7 ± 0.3 86.3 ± 0.3 88.2 ± 0.3
cord-252129-hlqr5jby	2020	A period of 2-4 weeks of detraining causes a quick initial decrease in VO 2 max followed over the longer term by a decrease of blood volume together with a de-Biology of Sport, Vol. 37 No3, 2020 315 Return to football training and competition after lockdown human skeletal muscle shows three different types MyHC: type I, type IIa and type IIx. The so-called "pure fibres" express a single MyHC isoform, while the so-called "hybrid fibres" show co-expression of multiple MyHC isoforms [22] . Since the long detraining period caused by lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic may have caused both a loss of muscle mass (atrophy) and a decrease or a loss of the fast fibres'' particular characteristics, we suggest organizing the resistance training in two periods. Some authors have reported an increase in Achilles tendon injuries Biology of Sport, Vol. 37 No3, 2020 317 Return to football training and competition after lockdown detraining period such as that imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic.
cord-256960-57syyb9n	2020	Such changes may result in a significant decay of the quantity and worsening of the quality of training stimuli, making athletes exposed to some potential levels of detraining (i.e., "partial or complete loss of training-induced anatomical, physiological and performance adaptations"; Mujika and Padilla, 2000b) and to increased risks of injury. For example, whereas 21 days of training-stimuli reduction (continuous and intermittent endurance training, 3 days/week) seem to counteract detraining effects (Rietjens et al., 2001) , impairments on endurance performance, resting metabolic rate, body weight and composition have been found following 35-42 days of light-moderate exercise (<6.0 METS, 3 days/week) (Ormsbee and Arciero, 2012) . In line with these studies, muscle atrophy and other detraininginduced morphological changes in muscle fiber distribution and architecture (Coyle, 1988) and/or FT cross-sectional area (Bangsbo and Mizuno, 1988; Allen, 1989; Amigó et al., 1998) have been consistently reported in more recent investigations for athletes of different disciplines such as endurance runners, cyclists, soccer and rugby players, following 3-8 weeks of training cessation.
cord-258475-hj7fverf	2020	title: Using cognitive task analysis to train orthopaedic surgeons Is it time to think differently?A systematic review All studies showed objective or subjective benefits from CTA in orthopaedic training when compared to traditional methods. CONCLUSION: CTA learning tools have demonstrated significant objective and subjective benefits in trauma and orthopaedic training. The study on CTA and AA-THA by Logishetty at al [19] found cognitively trained 170 participants were on average 35% faster, made 69% fewer errors in instrument selection, and 171 required 92% fewer prompts. Bhattacharyya et al [17, 18] , 183 found that participants agreed the cognitive task analysis learning tool was a useful training 184 adjunct to learning in the operating room. Arthroscopy Skills Development With a Surgical Simulator: A Comparative Study in Orthopaedic Surgery Residents Trauma simulation training: a randomized controlled trial -evaluating the effectiveness of the Imperial Femoral Intramedullary Nailing Cognitive Task Analysis (IFINCTA) tool
cord-261512-eoqrqnl4	2020	title: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on anaesthesia trainees and their training To better understand and to document these impacts, we contacted anaesthesia trainees and trainers across six continents and collated their experiences during the pandemic. Training in anaesthesia and intensive care, with a degree of overlap that varies on a country by country basis, has evolved from a time-serving apprenticeship to structured programs with bespoke models of learning, reflection and assessment. Recent experience with elective surgery suggests the impact of COVID-19 may extend far beyond an ICU capacity and staffing problem 1 with as yet unknown implications for training. They were asked to describe the impacts of the pandemic on themselves and their colleagues including: change of case mix, altered experiential learning opportunities, senior staff taking the lead on procedures, deferral or cancellation of teaching, workplace based assessments and exams, impacted rotations, anxiety and mental health. Training disrupted: Practical tips for supporting competency-based medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic
cord-264958-dbqit3vu	2020	We reflect on the impact COVID-19 has had on Radiology training and explore how to move forward, seeking opportunities for improvement in this time of crisis. Phase I: Initial response As the magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic became increasingly apparent, and hospitals issued major incident warnings, Radiology departments across the country had to reconfigure the delivery of their services to match new, unprecedented demands.This put an emphasis on prompt reporting, clearing of backlogs and redistribution of the general workload. For those trainees left behind, new rotas were designed to ensure demand for services could be met, whilst also limiting the numbers travelling to and spending ''nonessential'' time at work. We argue that, of all the medical disciplines, radiologists are best placed to design and implement technology-based training, and lead other specialties in doing so. We argue that, of all the medical disciplines, radiologists are best placed to design and implement technology-based training, and lead other specialties in doing so.
cord-267229-hdnzs9o6	2020	Competence in a major skill, as detailed by the ASGE, involves the following components: (1) understanding of the indications, benefits, risk and alternatives to the procedure; (2) ability to perform the procedure proficiently and safely; (3) identify and manage adverse events that may arise; (4) interpret endoscopic findings accurately; (5) incorporate these into the overall clinical evaluation of the patient; and (6) provide a comprehensive pre-and postprocedural plan [12, 13] . Based on these criteria, most advanced endoscopic procedures, such as EUS, ERCP, ESD, and POEM would constitute "major" skills requiring dedicated training (Table 1) . In light of these issues, the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) recently issued a position statement with recommendations for a core curriculum to achieve high quality training in ESD [19] , clearly outlining that trainees should not perform complex endoscopic procedures in humans independently without having undergone sufficient training (ie, supervised cases by experts, structured focused fellowships).
cord-274448-lzxhtnfi	2020	title: Changing the Landscape of Medical Oncology Training at the National University Hospital in the Philippines during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic Serving as one of the few training institutions of medical oncology in the Philippines, the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital was faced with challenges brought by the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Furthermore, the Philippine Society of Medical Oncology (PSMO) designates topics to each training institution for monthly round-table discussions tackling interesting cases with dilemmas in management. With the ECQ and the temporary closure of the Cancer Institute, the medical oncology training program was essentially put on hold starting the second week of March. Prioritizing the safety of both patients and healthcare providers, continuation of cancer care amidst the COVID-19 pandemic has been the overall goal [2] [3] [4] . During discussions, emphasis was given on the important considerations in the management of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
cord-275711-ejw3ausf	2020	This study is one of the first to analyse the impact of the isolation period caused by COVID-19 on the training (intensity and volume) and recovery conditions (quantity and quality of sleep) of professional and non-professional handball players according to the influence of transitory psychological factors (moods) and personality trait (emotional intelligence and resilience). Based on the results yielded: (i) training and recovery conditions of the handball players were modified during the isolation period, reducing the intensity-RPE (in the whole sample), volume-Tdays and Thours (especially in professional female handball players) and sleep quality-Squality (especially in professional male handball players) and increasing sleep hours-Shours (especially in non-professional female players); and (ii) the psychological factors analysed (mood, emotional intelligence, and resilience) had an impact on training and recovery conditions, except for sleep quantity, during the Covid-19 lockdown.
cord-279891-v71rysnw	2020	In both questionnaires, the latter section consisted of the same 20 questions, classified into 5 distinctive domains, assessing participants'' perception of the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on: 1) the overall impact on training; 2) the impact on training in gastroenterology-specific fields (endoscopy, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatology); 3) the impact on different aspects of endoscopy training; 4) the impact on academic training; and 5) perspectives regarding training in the post-pandemic era. Specifically, one international study, involving 770 trainees from 63 countries [8] , reported that the pandemic led to restrictions in endoscopic volumes (99%; IQR 85-100% reduction in all procedures) and endoscopy training, with high rates of anxiety and burnout, while a second questionnaire distributed to members of the Italian Young Gastroenterologist and Endoscopist Association and some European representatives, not including Greece [9] , underlined the significant impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on gastroenterologists'' clinical activity.
cord-282176-537vim4n	2020	Abstract While many countries in the world are going through a state of lockdown to limit the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1], such a state may affect postgraduate medical training (PGMT) adversely in different aspects. While many countries in the world are going through a state of lockdown to limit the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1] , such a state may affect postgraduate medical training (PGMT) adversely in different aspects. These include a decreased number of clinical cases related to the specialty, staff shortage, cancelation of educational conferences, and difficulties conducting formal in-training and licensing examinations. These include a decreased number of clinical cases related to the specialty, staff shortage, cancelation of educational conferences, and difficulties conducting formal in-training and licensing examinations. However, within these lockdowns, we need to rethink how to do things differently, while maintaining high quality of the assessment tools.
cord-282265-8pfbzach	2020	Re-deployment away from usual training roles and suspension of all nonessential procedures and surgeries have limited trainees'' specialty knowledge and skill acquisition, interrupting progression through training. While temporary solutions, such as rescheduling exams, waiver for certain training requirements and training time extension may help alleviate anxiety, novel models of training, assessment and support need to be developed. 2 For non-procedural specialities, there is also added complexity in initial assessment and management of patients under droplet/airborne precautions. In medicine, simulation training has been shown to improve procedural skills, clinical approach and situational awareness. Procedures can be performed in a safe virtual environment, technical skills assessed against pre-specified benchmarks, and instantaneous feedback provided. 5 Virtual interactive cases may also offer a validated form of clinical experience to non-procedural specialty trainees. Further research should focus on integrating simulation-based medical training programmes into current curriculums to reflect college requirements. Training and simulation for patient safety
cord-285639-1vf7ot1r	2020	In our trust in January 2020, 294 general surgical elective operations were performed. Over the same period in emergency surgery; in January 2020 97 operations were performed, in March 2020 75 and since lockdown 27. Current fears surround the impact on ARCP outcomes for trainees with the potential for training to be extended so that competencies can be met. With the confounding factors of meeting ARCP requirements, changes to ST3 surgical application process, delays in exams and courses and the knock-on effect on progression, this is a difficult and dark time for surgical training. With these anxieties in mind, the Joint Committee on Surgical Training (JCST) [4] has arranged access to psychological support for trainees in this difficult and uncertain time. They are also reviewing the impact on surgical training and the ARCP process.
cord-288933-q3b0r5ig	2020	Background: To introduce and evaluate a university vaccination training program, preparing final year Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm) and Master of Pharmacy (MPharm) students to administer vaccinations to children and adults in community pharmacy and offsite (mobile and outreach) settings. Since then, regulations across all Australian states and territories have been modified to allow appropriately trained pharmacists to administer vaccinations to adults and more recently children aged 10 and over [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] . The vaccination training program developed by the authors and evaluated in this paper, used the learning outcomes for the National Immunization Education Framework for Health Professionals [14] . This framework was designed to facilitate the development of nationally consistent, quality education programs for Australian Health Professionals, who are not medical practitioners, who want to be recognized as competent to administer vaccinations within their scope of practice. The training, co delivered by pharmacists, pharmacy and nursing academics (all authorized immunizers), focused on teaching the knowledge and skills to administer vaccinations to adults.
cord-291366-d5d9l0xr	2020	In this period, there is an important reduction, or even a Medical recommendations for home-confined footballers'' training during the COVID-19 pandemic: from evidence to practical application AUTHORS: Cristiano Eirale 1 , Giannicola Bisciotti 1,2 , Alessandro Corsini 3 , Christophe Baudot 1 , Gerard Saillant 1 , Hakim Chalabi 1,2 1 Paris Saint Germain FC, France 2 Aspetar Sports and Orthopedics Hospital-Doha, Qatar 3 Internazionale Milano FC, Italy ABSTRACT: In early 2020, the world is facing a global emergency called COVID-19. Therefore, considering both the high and dramatic specificity of the current pandemic period and the absence of evidence concerning sport activity during the COVID-19 pandemic [26] , the training rules mentioned below are mainly based on the principle of "maximal caution" [27] . For these reasons, we do not recommend any kind of training in case of fever following a COVID infection and, due to the lack of evidence, the principle of maximal prudence should be followed upon return to sport.
cord-293041-7ndp05ru	2020	
cord-297734-rp7eoonp	2020	title: Challenges of providing healthcare worker education and training in protracted conflict: a focus on non-government controlled areas in north west Syria As a result of the protracted conflict, targeting of healthcare and demand for trained HCWs in north west Syria, new faculties and institutes have been established in attempts to meet the education and training needs of physician and non-physician HCWs. Established facilities include three public faculties of medicine and three faculties of pharmacy at the Free Aleppo University (FAU), Idlib University and Shahba University; the latter was established in Dana to cover areas that are geographically far from Idlib University''s main campuses. As such, focused and realistic strategies which include key stakeholders and which are led and coordinated by local governing bodies (health directorates) could improve opportunities for HCW education and training in north west Syria.
cord-303861-qn8yifcd	2008	Conclusions The emergency preparedness training programme met its aims and objectives satisfactorily, and resulted in positive shifts in knowledge and attitudinal/behavioural intentions for public health staff. Although the Chinese Government has already carried out a series of emergency education and training programmes to improve public health staff''s capability of emergency preparedness, it remains unclear if these training programmes are effective and feasible. Although the Chinese Government has already carried out a series of emergency education and training programmes to improve public health staff''s capability of emergency preparedness, it remains unclear if these training programmes are effective and feasible. Recognizing this, the Chinese Government carried out a series of emergency preparedness education and training programmes to improve the capability of public health staff to respond to emergencies nationwide. The results of the evaluation suggested that the emergency training strategy was effective and feasible in improving the capability of public health staff to respond to an emergency.
cord-308409-0n2ysgsa	2020	Therefore, in this international survey, we aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on endoscopy trainees, including procedure numbers, barriers to training, and the physical and emotional well-being of trainees. 2) Changes to institutional case volume 3) Trainee concerns regarding competency development and prolongation of training; 4) Anxiety, assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale, 12 and rates of burnout, measured using the single item burnout scale. Of the 770 (93.8%) trainees who reported a reduction in endoscopy procedural volumes during the COVID-19 study period, the reasons cited included: changes to institutional policy to exclude trainees from procedures (79.9%); lack of cases (58.3%); shortage of available PPE (28.8%); redeployment to another clinical area (24.0%); and personal reasons (10.2%). Our study showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has led to drastic reductions in endoscopic volumes and restrictions on endoscopy training, with detrimental effects on trainee well-being, including high rates of anxiety and burnout among trainees worldwide.
cord-312232-ktlrc5gx	2020	Offering contraceptive counseling and services on school campuses could be helpful for adolescents who wish to prevent pregnancy and/or STIs. Notably, a majority of adolescents and young adults report that they trust a clinician or a health care provider for birth control information. The intervention addressed adolescents'' access to the full range of contraceptive methods, helping overcome barriers on the provider side, including a lack of training in counseling and provision of IUDs and implants. Our study assessed the effect of an evidence-based provider training on contraceptive counseling and access to the full range of contraceptive services including IUDs and implants on providers'' knowledge, skills, counseling and provision practices ( Figure 1 ). This evaluation identified significant improvements among providers at SBHCs in knowledge, counseling skills and provision practices, with increased capacity to offer adolescents interested in IUDs or the implant with these methods.
cord-313087-8ku61qox	2020	CONCLUSION: Based on the findings presented the training programme has proved to be successful in developing leadership, expertise, partnerships and networks to support TB laboratories and has contributed significant benefits to strengthening European National Reference laboratories in the fight against TB. The ERLTB-Net training programme aimed to increase the pool of technical experts with advanced knowledge of TB diagnostic methods, available to take leadership roles in national TB laboratories, and to support national TB laboratory systems and the EU/ EEA TB diagnostic community. Sixty-eight percent of the ERLTB-Net members were satisfied with the programme and recommended changes included: utilising existing collaborations and twin arrangements between the laboratories, concentrating on developing practical skills, support for research collaborations and implementation of online training (see Additional file 6). Based on the finding presented and discussed above we believe that the concept of the ERLTB-Net training programme has proved to be successful in developing expertise, partnerships and networks to support TB laboratories in the EU/EEA and has contributed significant benefits to European NRLs in the fight against TB.
cord-315991-uecdbanf	2020	
cord-316879-nbkvd0le	2020	OBJECTIVE: To identify pandemic and disaster medicine-themed training programmes aimed at medical students and to assess whether these interventions had an effect on objective measures of disaster preparedness and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: 23 studies met inclusion criteria assessing knowledge (n=18, 78.3%), attitude (n=14, 60.9%) or skill (n=10, 43.5%) following medical student disaster training. Studies were selected only if they contained a detailed report of the training implementation and used objective precourse and/or postcourse assessments related to medical student knowledge, attitude, skills or clinical care outcomes. The main outcomes of the courses reviewed were subjective; however, there was evidence to suggest that disaster medicine training does improve objective knowledge and can teach skills which can be used by medical students, relevant to a pandemic. This review suggests that the most beneficial medical student disaster medicine courses should consist of mixed modalities of didactic sessions, case-studies, practical hands on training and simulation experiences.
cord-318527-6dbat1cf	2020	The breadth of the pandemic and the social restrictions induced substantial modifications in both inpatient and outpatient clinical care and academic activities as well, adversely affecting our residency training. All these drastic and sudden changes lead us to reconsider some educational aspects of our training program that need to be improved in order to better prepare the neurologists of the future to manage unexpected and large emergency situations like the one we are living in these days. Although neurologists are not the designated professionals working in the frontline of this emergency, the devastating breadth of the pandemic is causing profound modifications in the routine practice of neurological patient care and as a result of the neurological residency training. Neurology residents who are currently working on the ICU or COVID wards will gain intensive experience in emergency care and internal medicine, strengthening the coherence within the healthcare system beyond disciplines and professions. The COVID-19 pandemic severely and diffusely affects neurological residency training.
cord-318813-eiazlhi4	2020	By combining simulation-based training sessions and rapid-cycle improvement methodology with physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists, and incorporating their feedback into the development, we were able to optimize the process prior to implementation. CONCLUSION: A multidisciplinary, team-based approach to the development and training of a standardized intubation algorithm combining simulation and rapid-cycle improvement methodology is a useful, effective process to respond to rapidly evolving clinical information and experiences during a global pandemic. [13] [14] [15] The primary goal of this project was to develop and implement a standard process for intubation of all patients with suspicion for COVID-19 for the ED at our institution, employing a multidisciplinary approach using simulation and a rapid-cycle improvement methodology. A multidisciplinary, team-based approach to the development and training of a standardized intubation algorithm combining simulation and a rapid-cycle improvement methodology is a useful, effective process to respond to rapidly evolving clinical information and experiences during a global pandemic.
cord-319859-6mt34av6	2020	To seek efficient nursing training mode under the epidemic situation and improve the nurses'' knowledge reserve on emergency handling and control capabilities, a combination of on-site training and online training was implemented to provide COVID-19 related knowledge on nursing operation skills and hospital infections to the nursing team in a short term. Supported by research, the comparison between online and faceto-face training, well-designed online training shows more advantages in terms of time efficiency and memory effect (Kalyuga, 2007 ; TA B L E 5 Before and after training, the nursing staff improved the COVID-19 theory knowledge, operation skills and psychological conditions Kalyuga & Sweller, 2005) , which is consistent with the results of this study. Emergency training of nursing staff is crucial on preventing the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic effectively and ensuring the operation of emergency isolation ward orderly.
cord-321125-ok0o1wiy	2020	This study compared the core clinical competencies of trainees who received PGY training at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital by attending the pilot training program in different groups. By using OSCE, this study compared the differences in the core clinical competencies of trainees who received PGY training at CGMH by attending the second year training courses in different groups. We also expect that the quantitative and qualitative information in the learning resulted between the different training groups facilitate improvements in the design of the program and accurately assess the implementation of comprehensive medical training in Taiwan. The trainees were assessed using six 10-min test stations designed for clinical performance evaluation in the last month of one-year training program. The trainees who selected the internal medical training program exhibited a higher performance (p ¼ 0.0020, Wilcoxon rank sum test) at the station for abdominal pain in children.
cord-325916-t8feni6a	2020	If these assumptions are correct then teacher training via Facebook groups (or other/future social networks with similar features) might be a response to the challenge of designing effective online CoP, with the aim to motivate and actively engage participants through completion, as from what we know from Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) literature, attrition rates in elearning environments are very high (Jordan, 2015; Martin, Kelly, & Terry, 2018) . Next, we present preliminary data i.e., "group insights" measurements (Facebook feature) from the total number of engaged participants that exhibited at least a minimum level of interaction with the training material and group members (N ¼ 116), and quantitative-qualitative results from a smaller number of teachers (n ¼ 63; 54% response rate) who were responded to electronic questionnaires at three time points (see Table 1 for demographics).
cord-326582-qmavade5	2020	The lack of COVID-19 testing capacity threatens the ability of both the United States (US) and low middle income countries (LMIC) to respond to this growing threat, The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness through participant self-assessment of a rapid response team (RRT) mobile laboratory curriculum METHODS: We conducted a pre and post survey for the purpose of a process improvement assessment in Angola, involving 32 individuals. RESULTS: All six of the questions – 1) "I feel confident managing a real laboratory sample test for Ebola or other highly contagious sample;" 2) "I feel safe working in the lab environment during a real scenario;" 3) "I feel as if I can appropriately manage a potentially highly contagious laboratory sample;" 4)"I feel that I can interpret a positive or negative sample during a suspected contagious outbreak;" 5) "I understand basic Biobubble/mobile laboratory concepts and procedures;" and 6) "I understand polymerase chain reaction (PCR) principles" – showed statistical significant change pre and post training.
cord-326657-zzvmj5qy	2020	A rapid scoping review was undertaken of the publically available published pandemic-related web literature from the surgical training bodies of five large English-speaking countries; United States(7), United Kingdom(8-10), Canada(11), Australia and New Zealand (Australasia)(12). The American College of Surgeons (17) and Ministry of Health (18) has recommended reduction of elective surgical activity in the US and Canada respectively, but this mandate is to be implemented regionally based on local healthcare need. The current surgical training operational status and mitigation measures by country are presented against five key domains of activity; 1) recruitment and selection into residency programmes, 2) board examinations, 3) assessment, progression and certification within residency, 4) resident operating privileges and 5) didactics (table 2) . The principle challenges for surgical education bodies in a rapidly evolving pandemic are to safeguard residents whilst minimising disruption to training in the short term and to continue to recruit, assess and certify residents to ensure the supply of high-calibre surgeons in the long term.
cord-328315-idel6l11	2016	Abstract The Ebola outbreak highlighted the challenge of health security and particularly of how best to give frontline workers the knowledge, confidence and competence to respond effectively. The research showed that digital technology could be a powerful ''force multiplier'' allowing much greater access to high fidelity training during an outbreak and keeping it current as protocols evolved or new safety critical steps were identified. Fig.1 illustrates this continuous loop of communications between the in-field metrics and international development teams exchanging module iterations with data to improve technical performance and learning impact. This is where the agile development of ebuddi can really rise to the challenge as it has the potential to respond quickly and accurately to an outbreak with international experts co-creating training with local community actors. The study has shown ebuddi could enhance conventional approaches to local capacity building by improving training effectiveness, increasing cost efficiency when scaled and enabling an agile response to changing priorities.
cord-329388-defbarkz	2020	Linked with time spent in training, appropriately robust experience to develop expertise requires repeated exposure to and performance of tasks essential to the skill over that time-amounts of consults/evaluations, accumulation of procedures, numbers of echocardiograms. 1 Levels of training from most basic echocardiographic knowledge (level I) to most advanced knowledge suitable for an echocardiography lab director (level III) are clearly defined by duration of echo-specific training as well as specified numbers of procedures (transthoracic, transesophageal, and stress echocardiography) performed by the trainee. The document is unique in its greater focus on delineating strategies for the evaluation of competency, in addition to recommended numbers of advanced echo techniques and procedures performed. It recognized that the endorsed volumes for specific advanced echo techniques and procedural guidance to achieve level III have been developed by the expert committee consensus, in consultation with echocardiography training authorities across the country.
cord-330666-puhijixa	2007	
cord-331844-trjxt9qk	2020	title: Surgical training during the COVID-19 pandemic: challenges and opportunities for junior trainees Summary In this piece of correspondence, the authors set out the challenges and opportunities presented by the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic to junior surgical trainees embarking on a career in plastic surgery. Core surgical trainees starting in August, and those returning to their posts after redeployment, face new rota patterns and the ever-present concern of a ''second wave'' causing further disruption to training. However, although the surgical training landscape has changed, seemingly overnight, many excellent training opportunities exist that will be invaluable to any surgical trainee interested in a career in Plastic Surgery. However, for current and future core surgical trainees, there are numerous possibilities for professional development, training and innovation. Webinars in plastic and reconstructive surgery training -a review of the current landscape during the COVID-19 pandemic
cord-340882-why0t9ld	2020	
cord-340930-5cavkdde	2020	
cord-341720-qwdjb7vk	2020	Based on the current scientific, we strongly recommend encouraging the athlete to reset their mindset to understand quarantine as an opportunity for development, organizing appropriate guidance, educating and encourage athletes to apply appropriate preventive behavior and hygiene measures to promote immunity and ensuring good living isolation conditions. Detraining affects different physiological systems (e.g., neuromuscular, cardiovascular, respiratory or muscle-skeletal) and their corresponding physical capacities (e.g., strength and power, endurance, speed or flexibility). It has been suggested that performing eccentric muscle actions during training is essential to promote greater and longer-lasting neural adaptations to training [24] and that speed-strength is better maintained during periods of reduced training if previously the focus of training was on power development [25] . This decrease in muscle size translates to a 7% and 12% reduction in strength and team sports athletes, after a period of inactivity ranging from 8 to 12 weeks.
cord-352040-zmkjine7	2020	
cord-356288-zaspyveg	2020	The purpose of this study was to compare in-person versus video-based teaching methods of a comprehensive assessment of the pelvic floor musculature on a pelvic model. Secondary outcome measures were perceived changes in both participants'' comfort level in performing pelvic floor examination and applicability of the training program to clinical practice. This study demonstrates no significant difference in the effectiveness between video-based and in-person training for teaching the assessment of the pelvic floor musculature to identify a possible muscular cause or contribution to chronic pelvic pain using a pelvic model. Improvements in written assessment scores, OSCE scores, and perceived comfort level were comparable between the video-based and in-person groups, suggesting that video-based training may be an efficient and cost-effective means to teach concepts surrounding pelvic pain to medical learners and physicians. However, there was no statistically significant difference between video-based and in-person teaching methods in degree of improvement of participants'' performance and perceived comfort level with examination of the pelvic floor musculature.