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de Pauw, Ben E. title: Acute Myelogenous Leukemia and Febrile Neutropenia date: 2009-08-31 journal: Managing Infections in Patients With Hematological Malignancies DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-415-5_5 sha: doc_id: 17393 cord_uid: kx8kmdej file: cache/cord-022404-cz3ruqxx.json key: cord-022404-cz3ruqxx authors: Scott, Danny W.; Miller, William H.; Griffin, Craig E. title: Dermatoses of Pet Rodents, Rabbits, and Ferrets date: 2009-05-15 journal: Muller & Kirk's Small Animal Dermatology DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7216-7618-0.50025-0 sha: doc_id: 22404 cord_uid: cz3ruqxx file: cache/cord-015334-8p124rwp.json key: cord-015334-8p124rwp authors: nan title: ESCP 36th European Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy ‘Implementing Clinical Pharmacy in Community and Hospital Settings: Sharing the Experience’, Istanbul, Turkey 25–27 October 2007; Abstracts date: 2008-06-11 journal: Pharm World Sci DOI: 10.1007/s11096-008-9226-3 sha: doc_id: 15334 cord_uid: 8p124rwp file: cache/cord-016280-d47e3art.json key: cord-016280-d47e3art authors: Friedberg, Joseph S.; 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Leung, Karen Ka Yan; Leung, Alexander KC; Qian, Su Yun; Chan, Vivian PY; Ip, Patrick; Wong, Ian CK title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): latest developments in potential treatments date: 2020-06-29 journal: Drugs Context DOI: 10.7573/dic.2020-4-15 sha: doc_id: 326864 cord_uid: i1r3bv4p file: cache/cord-354824-7fdcu2f0.json key: cord-354824-7fdcu2f0 authors: Wu, Renyi; Wang, Lujing; Kuo, Hsiao-Chen Dina; Shannar, Ahmad; Peter, Rebecca; Chou, Pochung Jordan; Li, Shanyi; Hudlikar, Rasika; Liu, Xia; Liu, Zhigang; Poiani, George J.; Amorosa, Louis; Brunetti, Luigi; Kong, Ah-Ng title: An Update on Current Therapeutic Drugs Treating COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 journal: Curr Pharmacol Rep DOI: 10.1007/s40495-020-00216-7 sha: doc_id: 354824 cord_uid: 7fdcu2f0 file: cache/cord-342303-ddulfe06.json key: cord-342303-ddulfe06 authors: Ismael, Julia; Losco, Federico; Quildrian, Sergio; Sanchez, Pablo; Pincemin, Isabel; Lastiri, Jose; Bella, Santiago; Chinellato, Alejandro; Dellamea, Guillermo; Ahualli, Alejandro; Rompato, Silvana; Velez, Julio; Escobar, Rafael; Zwenger, Ariel; Rosales, Cristina; Bagnes, Claudia; Puyol, Jorge; Niewiadomski, Dario; Smecuol, Edgardo; Nachman, Fabio; Gonzalez, Eduardo; Ferraris, Gustavo; Suppicich, Juan Ramos; Price, Paola; Medina, Luis; O’Connor, Juan title: Multidisciplinary approach to COVID-19 and cancer: consensus from scientific societies in Argentina date: 2020-05-13 journal: Ecancermedicalscience DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1044 sha: doc_id: 342303 cord_uid: ddulfe06 file: cache/cord-342096-pijvvo2i.json key: cord-342096-pijvvo2i authors: Peivandi, S.; Razavi, A.; Shafiei, S.; Zamaniyan,; M., Orafaie; A., Jafarpour; H., title: Evaluation of attitude among infertile couples about continuing assisted reproductive technologies therapy during novel coronavirus outbreak date: 2020-09-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.01.20186320 sha: doc_id: 342096 cord_uid: pijvvo2i file: cache/cord-353671-xjpzhsup.json key: cord-353671-xjpzhsup authors: Sgouros, George; Bodei, Lisa; McDevitt, Michael R.; Nedrow, Jessie R. title: Radiopharmaceutical therapy in cancer: clinical advances and challenges date: 2020-07-29 journal: Nat Rev Drug Discov DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0073-9 sha: doc_id: 353671 cord_uid: xjpzhsup file: cache/cord-349990-i3jslrae.json key: cord-349990-i3jslrae authors: Visca, Dina; Beghè, Bianca; Fabbri, Leonardo Michele; Papi, Alberto; Spanevello, Antonio title: Management of chronic refractory cough in adults date: 2020-09-19 journal: Eur J Intern Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.09.008 sha: doc_id: 349990 cord_uid: i3jslrae file: cache/cord-351555-hsgsuor2.json key: cord-351555-hsgsuor2 authors: Constantinou, Constantina; Kolokotroni, Ourania; Mosquera, Maria‐Cecilia; Heraclides, Alexandros; Demetriou, Christiana; Karayiannis, Peter; Quattrocchi, Annalisa; Charalambous, Andreas title: Developing a holistic contingency plan: Challenges and dilemmas for cancer patients during the COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-20 journal: Cancer Med DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3271 sha: doc_id: 351555 cord_uid: hsgsuor2 file: cache/cord-349366-4gny9xkx.json key: cord-349366-4gny9xkx authors: Scanderbeg, Daniel J.; Yashar, Catheryn; Ouhib, Zoubir; Jhingran, Anuja; Einck, John title: Development, implementation, and associated challenges of a new HDR brachytherapy program date: 2020-09-17 journal: Brachytherapy DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2020.08.018 sha: doc_id: 349366 cord_uid: 4gny9xkx file: cache/cord-331487-jh34klbg.json key: cord-331487-jh34klbg authors: Sivapalan, Pradeesh; Ulrik, Charlotte Suppli; Bojesen, Rasmus Dahlin; Lapperre, Therese Sophie; Eklöf, Josefin Viktoria; Håkansson, Kjell Erik Julius; Browatzki, Andrea; Tidemansen, Casper; Wilcke, Jon Torgny; Janner, Julie; Gottlieb, Vibeke; Meteran, Howraman; Porsbjerg, Celeste; Madsen, Birgitte Lindegaard; Moberg, Mia; Pedersen, Lars; Benfield, Thomas Lars; Lundgren, Jens Dilling; Knop, Filip Krag; Biering-Sørensen, Tor; Ghanizada, Muzhda; Sonne, Tine Peick; Bødtger, Uffe Christian Steinholtz; Jensen, Sidse Graff; Rasmussen, Daniel Bech; Brøndum, Eva; Tupper, Oliver Djurhuus; Sørensen, Susanne Wiemann; Alstrup, Gitte; Laursen, Christian Borbjerg; Møller, Ulla Weinrich; Sverrild, Asger; Jensen, Jens-Ulrik Stæhr title: Proactive Prophylaxis With Azithromycin and HydroxyChloroquine in Hospitalised Patients With COVID-19 (ProPAC-COVID): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date: 2020-06-10 journal: Trials DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04409-9 sha: doc_id: 331487 cord_uid: jh34klbg file: cache/cord-336554-n8n5ii5k.json key: cord-336554-n8n5ii5k authors: Singh, Thakur Uttam; Parida, Subhashree; Lingaraju, Madhu Cholenahalli; Kesavan, Manickam; Kumar, Dinesh; Singh, Raj Kumar title: Drug repurposing approach to fight COVID-19 date: 2020-09-05 journal: Pharmacol Rep DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00155-6 sha: doc_id: 336554 cord_uid: n8n5ii5k file: cache/cord-346715-r6a5vxl0.json key: cord-346715-r6a5vxl0 authors: Liu, Haizhou; Yu, Xuejun title: Hexavalent chromium in drinking water: Chemistry, challenges and future outlook on Sn(II)- and photocatalyst-based treatment date: 2020-08-10 journal: Front Environ Sci Eng DOI: 10.1007/s11783-020-1267-4 sha: doc_id: 346715 cord_uid: r6a5vxl0 file: cache/cord-351510-8m4930bc.json key: cord-351510-8m4930bc authors: Aquino, Yves S J; Cabrera, Nicolo title: Hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19: critiquing the impact of disease public profile on policy and clinical decision-making date: 2020-07-09 journal: J Med Ethics DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106306 sha: doc_id: 351510 cord_uid: 8m4930bc file: cache/cord-351594-8gp9mjen.json key: cord-351594-8gp9mjen authors: Garwood, Tyler J.; Lehman, Chadwick P.; Walsh, Daniel P.; Cassirer, E. Frances; Besser, Thomas E.; Jenks, Jonathan A. title: Removal of chronic Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae carrier ewes eliminates pneumonia in a bighorn sheep population date: 2020-03-05 journal: Ecol Evol DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6146 sha: doc_id: 351594 cord_uid: 8gp9mjen file: cache/cord-022650-phsr10jp.json key: cord-022650-phsr10jp authors: nan title: Abstracts TPS date: 2018-08-14 journal: Allergy DOI: 10.1111/all.13539 sha: doc_id: 22650 cord_uid: phsr10jp file: cache/cord-350024-whne0l19.json key: cord-350024-whne0l19 authors: Anderson, Victoria L.; Miskinis-Hilligoss, Dianne title: Choosing the Right Antibiotic in Ambulatory Care date: 2006-11-28 journal: J Nurse Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2006.09.009 sha: doc_id: 350024 cord_uid: whne0l19 file: cache/cord-350578-wyz5jyjh.json key: cord-350578-wyz5jyjh authors: Bai, Li; Yang, Dawei; Wang, Xun; Tong, Lin; Zhu, Xiaodan; Zhong, Nanshan; Bai, Chunxue; Powell, Charles A.; Chen, Rongchang; Zhou, Jian; Song, Yuanlin; Zhou, Xin; Zhu, Huili; Han, Baohui; Li, Qiang; Shi, Guochao; Li, Shengqing; Wang, Changhui; Qiu, Zhongmin; Zhang, Yong; Xu, Yu; Liu, Jie; Zhang, Ding; Wu, Chaomin; Li, Jing; Yu, Jinming; Wang, Jiwei; Dong, Chunling; Wang, Yaoli; Wang, Qi; Zhang, Lichuan; Zhang, Min; Ma, Xia; Zhao, Lin; Yu, Wencheng; Xu, Tao; Jin, Yang; Wang, Xiongbiao; Wang, Yuehong; Jiang, Yan; Chen, Hong; Xiao, Kui; Zhang, Xiaoju; Song, Zhenju; Zhang, Ziqiang; Wu, Xueling; Sun, Jiayuan; Shen, Yao; Ye, Maosong; Tu, Chunlin; Jiang, Jinjun; Yu, Hai; Tan, Fei title: Chinese experts’ consensus on the Internet of Things-aided diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-12-31 journal: Clinical eHealth DOI: 10.1016/j.ceh.2020.03.001 sha: doc_id: 350578 cord_uid: wyz5jyjh file: cache/cord-350571-6tapkjb6.json key: cord-350571-6tapkjb6 authors: nan title: 45th ESCP-NSF international symposium on clinical pharmacy: clinical pharmacy tackling inequalities and access to health care. Oslo, Norway, 5–7 October 2016 date: 2017-01-10 journal: Int J Clin Pharm DOI: 10.1007/s11096-016-0404-4 sha: doc_id: 350571 cord_uid: 6tapkjb6 file: cache/cord-023095-4dannjjm.json key: cord-023095-4dannjjm authors: nan title: Research Abstract Program of the 2011 ACVIM Forum Denver, Colorado, June 15–18, 2011 date: 2011-05-03 journal: J Vet Intern Med DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0726.x sha: doc_id: 23095 cord_uid: 4dannjjm file: cache/cord-005814-ak5pq312.json key: cord-005814-ak5pq312 authors: nan title: 8th European Congress of Intensive Care Medicine Athens - Greece, October 18–22, 1995 Abstracts date: 1995 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/bf02426401 sha: doc_id: 5814 cord_uid: ak5pq312 file: cache/cord-009997-oecpqf1j.json key: cord-009997-oecpqf1j authors: nan title: 2018 ASPHO ABSTRACTS date: 2018-03-31 journal: Pediatr Blood Cancer DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27057 sha: doc_id: 9997 cord_uid: oecpqf1j file: cache/cord-022940-atbjwpo5.json key: cord-022940-atbjwpo5 authors: nan title: Poster Sessions date: 2016-09-07 journal: FEBS J DOI: 10.1111/febs.13808 sha: doc_id: 22940 cord_uid: atbjwpo5 Reading metadata file and updating bibliogrpahics === updating bibliographic database Building study carrel named keyword-treatment-cord parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or 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to 93. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 92. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 91. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 92. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 93. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 93. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or 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parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 90. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 92. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 90. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 92. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 90. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing 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fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011773-vboa8xn9 author: Richards, J. A. title: Coronamolars? date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011773-vboa8xn9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011773-vboa8xn9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 13 resourceName b'cord-011773-vboa8xn9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-012038-psqmqpff author: Erdem, Guliz title: Decreasing the Duration of Discharge Antibiotic Treatment Following Inpatient Skin and Soft Tissue Abscess Drainage date: 2020-02-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-012038-psqmqpff.txt cache: ./cache/cord-012038-psqmqpff.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-012038-psqmqpff.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005902-5zuij5i3 author: Frank, Johannes title: Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Extremities date: 2008-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005902-5zuij5i3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005902-5zuij5i3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-005902-5zuij5i3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-002514-pp06m5xk author: Venkatesan, Sudhir title: Impact of Outpatient Neuraminidase Inhibitor Treatment in Patients Infected With Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 at High Risk of Hospitalization: An Individual Participant Data Metaanalysis date: 2017-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-002514-pp06m5xk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-002514-pp06m5xk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-002514-pp06m5xk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-003372-cpl7zf7f author: Provoost, Judith title: A retrospective study of factors associated with treatment decision for nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in adults without altered systemic immunity date: 2018-12-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-003372-cpl7zf7f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-003372-cpl7zf7f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-003372-cpl7zf7f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031978-l6nlrv9h author: Chauvenet, Alienor title: Panel sampling in health research date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031978-l6nlrv9h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031978-l6nlrv9h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-031978-l6nlrv9h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-012866-p3mb7r0v author: Luo, Yan title: Predicting the treatment response of certolizumab for individual adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis: protocol for an individual participant data meta-analysis date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-012866-p3mb7r0v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-012866-p3mb7r0v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-012866-p3mb7r0v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004073-k6ad4qgu author: Kabir, K. M. Ariful title: Modelling and analysing the coexistence of dual dilemmas in the proactive vaccination game and retroactive treatment game in epidemic viral dynamics date: 2019-12-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004073-k6ad4qgu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004073-k6ad4qgu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-004073-k6ad4qgu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262339-e2ayh108 author: Bohner, Lauren title: 2019-nCoV: Measures Adopted at the Departments of Oral Surgery and Radiology during the Period of an Uncontrolled Transmission Increase date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262339-e2ayh108.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262339-e2ayh108.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-262339-e2ayh108.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011712-fyrbe8tw author: Venkatesan, Sudhir title: Neuraminidase Inhibitors and Hospital Length of Stay: A Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data to Determine Treatment Effectiveness Among Patients Hospitalized With Nonfatal 2009 Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) Virus Infection date: 2020-02-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011712-fyrbe8tw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011712-fyrbe8tw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-011712-fyrbe8tw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024893-pd67o7l8 author: Li, Lanjuan title: Translation: Expert Consensus on the Application of Artificial Liver Blood Purification System in the Treatment of Severe and Critical COVID-19: National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024893-pd67o7l8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024893-pd67o7l8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-024893-pd67o7l8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010570-ytv7dwr0 author: Casadevall, Arturo title: Return to the Past: The Case for Antibody-Based Therapies in Infectious Diseases date: 1995-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010570-ytv7dwr0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010570-ytv7dwr0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-010570-ytv7dwr0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029150-e242o2ml author: Du, Jiang title: Expert consensus on the prevention and treatment of substance use and addictive behaviour-related disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029150-e242o2ml.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029150-e242o2ml.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-029150-e242o2ml.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271436-h1xuhm1c author: Schleider, Jessica L. title: Retiring, Rethinking, and Reconstructing the Norm of Once-Weekly Psychotherapy date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271436-h1xuhm1c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271436-h1xuhm1c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-271436-h1xuhm1c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-016855-hqs94hfa author: Simpson, William M. title: Pesticides date: 2006 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-016855-hqs94hfa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-016855-hqs94hfa.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-016855-hqs94hfa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288935-uwpkb6lm author: Cavaliere, Giulia title: Non-essential treatment? Sub-fertility in the time of COVID-19 (and beyond) date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288935-uwpkb6lm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288935-uwpkb6lm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288935-uwpkb6lm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-009967-fyqc5bat author: Gleckman, Richard title: Cost‐Effective Antibiotic Prescribing date: 2012-01-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-009967-fyqc5bat.txt cache: ./cache/cord-009967-fyqc5bat.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-009967-fyqc5bat.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-016283-b6yywn9f author: Hasan, Ashfaq title: Clinical Aspects and Principles of Management of Tuberculosis date: 2019-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-016283-b6yywn9f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-016283-b6yywn9f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-016283-b6yywn9f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261221-9qlndtuo author: Kim, Hwan Soo title: Efficacy of glucocorticoids for the treatment of macrolide refractory mycoplasma pneumonia in children: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials date: 2019-12-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261221-9qlndtuo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261221-9qlndtuo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-261221-9qlndtuo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279294-ruqednj6 author: Lin, Dong D. title: Chemotherapy Treatment Modifications During the COVID-19 Outbreak at a Community Cancer Center in New York City date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279294-ruqednj6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279294-ruqednj6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-279294-ruqednj6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-104431-3rblzyry author: Hill, Andrew title: Minimum costs to manufacture new treatments for COVID-19 date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-104431-3rblzyry.txt cache: ./cache/cord-104431-3rblzyry.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-104431-3rblzyry.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268168-yzvag38x author: Scolnick, Barbara title: Remission from Chronic Anorexia Nervosa With Ketogenic Diet and Ketamine: Case Report date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268168-yzvag38x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268168-yzvag38x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268168-yzvag38x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-013830-qfvceu65 author: Ang, Juan Lyn title: A systematic review of real-world evidence of the management of macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-013830-qfvceu65.txt cache: ./cache/cord-013830-qfvceu65.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-013830-qfvceu65.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263189-5ukn2xbr author: Di Girolamo, Nicola title: Medical and Surgical Emergencies in Ferrets date: 2016-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263189-5ukn2xbr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263189-5ukn2xbr.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-263189-5ukn2xbr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255781-55zrmgxq author: Bergman, Scott J. title: Interferons as Therapeutic Agents for Infectious Diseases date: 2011-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255781-55zrmgxq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255781-55zrmgxq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255781-55zrmgxq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-102145-bi8jyz6r author: Wilson, Audrey E title: Spatial heterogeneity in resources alters selective dynamics in Drosophila melanogaster date: 2020-09-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-102145-bi8jyz6r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-102145-bi8jyz6r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-102145-bi8jyz6r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275427-00bwhaga author: Aydogdu, Ugur title: The determination of treatment effect of chitosan oligosaccharide in lambs with experimentally cryptosporidiosis date: 2019-11-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275427-00bwhaga.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275427-00bwhaga.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275427-00bwhaga.txt' === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes id: cord-018239-n7axd9bq author: Rusoke-Dierich, Olaf title: Travel Medicine date: 2018-03-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018239-n7axd9bq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018239-n7axd9bq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-018239-n7axd9bq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291417-p49ukyhx author: Mikulska, Malgorzata title: Tocilizumab and steroid treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291417-p49ukyhx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291417-p49ukyhx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-291417-p49ukyhx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261671-1pvg3apl author: Titov, Nickolai title: User characteristics and outcomes from a national digital mental health service: an observational study of registrants of the Australian MindSpot Clinic date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261671-1pvg3apl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261671-1pvg3apl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261671-1pvg3apl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017142-vx3rgs4r author: Nair, Ranjit title: What the Intensivists Need to Know About Critically Ill Myeloma Patients date: 2019-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017142-vx3rgs4r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017142-vx3rgs4r.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-017142-vx3rgs4r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282446-01lu7sce author: Stokholm, Jakob title: Azithromycin for episodes with asthma-like symptoms in young children aged 1–3 years: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial date: 2015-12-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282446-01lu7sce.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282446-01lu7sce.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282446-01lu7sce.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269031-sz8ieltb author: Solé, G title: Guidance for the care of neuromuscular patients during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak from the French Rare Health Care for Neuromuscular Diseases Network date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269031-sz8ieltb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269031-sz8ieltb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-269031-sz8ieltb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291697-wpnq9wc0 author: Riechelmann, Rachel P title: Evidence-based recommendations for gastrointestinal cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic by the Brazilian Gastrointestinal Tumours Group date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291697-wpnq9wc0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291697-wpnq9wc0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291697-wpnq9wc0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292454-xa80078x author: Nazari, Nabi title: Transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders in people with multiple sclerosis: randomized controlled trial date: 2020-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292454-xa80078x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292454-xa80078x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-292454-xa80078x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289457-06gwrpu0 author: Berth, Sarah H. title: Secondary Causes of Myositis date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289457-06gwrpu0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289457-06gwrpu0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289457-06gwrpu0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262551-hxhlhb5m author: van der Gronde, Toon title: Toward a New Model of Understanding, Preventing, and Treating Adolescent Depression Focusing on Exhaustion and Stress date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262551-hxhlhb5m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262551-hxhlhb5m.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262551-hxhlhb5m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274121-3w6kc0c9 author: Ramiro, Sofia title: Historically controlled comparison of glucocorticoids with or without tocilizumab versus supportive care only in patients with COVID-19-associated cytokine storm syndrome: results of the CHIC study date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274121-3w6kc0c9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274121-3w6kc0c9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274121-3w6kc0c9.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 11231 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282147-oq30pax6 author: Morris, Chad D. title: Nicotine and Opioids: a Call for Co-treatment as the Standard of Care date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282147-oq30pax6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282147-oq30pax6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282147-oq30pax6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281561-r10y2sgb author: Tiwari, Nidhi title: Novel β-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): Current and Future Aspects of Pharmacological Treatments date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281561-r10y2sgb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281561-r10y2sgb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281561-r10y2sgb.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 11300 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262115-kdeynhzq author: Opgenorth, Julie title: Colostrum supplementation with n-3 fatty acids alters plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory mediators in newborn calves date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262115-kdeynhzq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262115-kdeynhzq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-262115-kdeynhzq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-016290-l592k753 author: Finke, Jürgen title: Hematology and Hemostasis date: 2008 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-016290-l592k753.txt cache: ./cache/cord-016290-l592k753.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-016290-l592k753.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255460-r5p5helx author: Aggarwal, Sadhna title: Drug repurposing for breast cancer therapy: Old weapon for new battle date: 2019-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255460-r5p5helx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255460-r5p5helx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255460-r5p5helx.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 11201 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 10806 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018557-iuu38yes author: Mainous, Arch G. title: Upper Respiratory Infections and Acute Bronchitis date: 2009-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018557-iuu38yes.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018557-iuu38yes.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-018557-iuu38yes.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-007788-09t52zix author: Wallhult, Elisabeth title: Early and Acute Complications and the Principles of HSCT Nursing Care date: 2017-11-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-007788-09t52zix.txt cache: ./cache/cord-007788-09t52zix.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-007788-09t52zix.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 11960 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 11553 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 2013 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266147-s8rxzm0t author: Burnouf, Thierry title: Modern Plasma Fractionation date: 2007-03-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266147-s8rxzm0t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266147-s8rxzm0t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-266147-s8rxzm0t.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 11776 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 969 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 11982 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 12000 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 11922 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 11986 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 12562 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-021713-e0hzcag6 author: nan title: Ribavirin date: 2015-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-021713-e0hzcag6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-021713-e0hzcag6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-021713-e0hzcag6.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 12277 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 2109 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 13828 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 13253 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294624-d71za6hi author: Kapepula, Paulin M. title: Artemisia Spp. Derivatives for COVID-19 Treatment: Anecdotal Use, Political Hype, Treatment Potential, Challenges, and Road Map to Randomized Clinical Trials date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294624-d71za6hi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294624-d71za6hi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-294624-d71za6hi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294593-mh1uh1b3 author: Boloori, Alireza title: Misalignment of Stakeholder Incentives in the Opioid Crisis date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294593-mh1uh1b3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294593-mh1uh1b3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294593-mh1uh1b3.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 13842 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 14782 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 89. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes id: cord-022292-msz4au4b author: Gershan, William M. title: Cough date: 2009-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022292-msz4au4b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022292-msz4au4b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-022292-msz4au4b.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 14774 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 14925 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017702-v46ye328 author: Ganguly, Nirmal Kumar title: Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine for Infectious Diseases date: 2013-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017702-v46ye328.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017702-v46ye328.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-017702-v46ye328.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006435-4o8uu6d5 author: Kivity, Shaye title: Evidence for the Use of Intravenous Immunoglobulins—A Review of the Literature date: 2009-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006435-4o8uu6d5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006435-4o8uu6d5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-006435-4o8uu6d5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299926-jx1ws18b author: Gong, Yuan title: Effects of methylprednisolone use on viral genomic nucleic acid negative conversion and CT imaging lesion absorption in COVID‐19 patients under 50 years old date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299926-jx1ws18b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299926-jx1ws18b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299926-jx1ws18b.txt' === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes id: cord-016280-d47e3art author: Friedberg, Joseph S. title: Pleura: Anatomy, Physiology, and Disorders date: 2008 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-016280-d47e3art.txt cache: ./cache/cord-016280-d47e3art.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-016280-d47e3art.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-021770-zn7na974 author: Slifka, Mark K. title: Passive Immunization date: 2017-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-021770-zn7na974.txt cache: ./cache/cord-021770-zn7na974.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-021770-zn7na974.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017393-kx8kmdej author: Herbers, Alexandra title: Acute Myelogenous Leukemia and Febrile Neutropenia date: 2009-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017393-kx8kmdej.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017393-kx8kmdej.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-017393-kx8kmdej.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269975-1ebmq7t8 author: Duplantier, Allen J. title: Combating biothreat pathogens: ongoing efforts for countermeasure development and unique challenges date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269975-1ebmq7t8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269975-1ebmq7t8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-269975-1ebmq7t8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280111-6hiuzkvz author: Maspero, Cinzia title: Available Technologies, Applications and Benefits of Teleorthodontics. A Literature Review and Possible Applications during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280111-6hiuzkvz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280111-6hiuzkvz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-280111-6hiuzkvz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295445-f4p00yaw author: Wang, Hao title: Differential removal of human pathogenic viruses from sewage by conventional and ozone treatments date: 2018-02-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295445-f4p00yaw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295445-f4p00yaw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295445-f4p00yaw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297289-4kudq4h7 author: Hahn, Austin M. title: Risk reduction through family therapy (RRFT): Protocol of a randomized controlled efficacy trial of an integrative treatment for co-occurring substance use problems and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in adolescents who have experienced interpersonal violence and other traumatic events date: 2020-04-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297289-4kudq4h7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297289-4kudq4h7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297289-4kudq4h7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318005-cxjnczwv author: Ormerod, A.D. title: Molluscum contagiosum effectively treated with a topical acidified nitrite, nitric oxide liberating cream date: 2001-12-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318005-cxjnczwv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318005-cxjnczwv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318005-cxjnczwv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022237-qxya4cs3 author: Bryant, Everett title: Biology and Diseases of Birds date: 2013-11-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022237-qxya4cs3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022237-qxya4cs3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-022237-qxya4cs3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313894-stgx36h5 author: Ürün, Yüksel title: Survey of the Impact of COVID-19 on Oncologists’ Decision Making in Cancer date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313894-stgx36h5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313894-stgx36h5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-313894-stgx36h5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283287-073r80s7 author: Farhoudian, Ali title: COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorders: Recommendations to a Comprehensive Healthcare Response. An International Society of Addiction Medicine Practice and Policy Interest Group Position Paper date: 2020-04-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283287-073r80s7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283287-073r80s7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-283287-073r80s7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296881-2g81sjnl author: Nabil, Ahmed title: Current coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches: An updated review until June 2020 date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296881-2g81sjnl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296881-2g81sjnl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296881-2g81sjnl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-016559-tqd7m2i1 author: Zheng, Yi title: Application in Medicine Systems date: 2014-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-016559-tqd7m2i1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-016559-tqd7m2i1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-016559-tqd7m2i1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301370-nie7n6b5 author: Day, M.A. title: A randomized trial to examine the mechanisms of cognitive, behavioral and mindfulness-based psychosocial treatments for chronic pain: Study protocol date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301370-nie7n6b5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301370-nie7n6b5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301370-nie7n6b5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018620-3kqx8arn author: Rueda, Mario title: Hepatic Failure date: 2016-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018620-3kqx8arn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018620-3kqx8arn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-018620-3kqx8arn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334867-ohw0chbg author: Ma, Hui title: Hospital biosecurity capacitation: Analysis and recommendations from the prevention and control of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334867-ohw0chbg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334867-ohw0chbg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334867-ohw0chbg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305582-3hmsknon author: Li, Lei title: Therapeutic strategies for critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305582-3hmsknon.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305582-3hmsknon.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-305582-3hmsknon.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022582-2e9i3m4b author: Potsic, William P. title: Otolaryngologic Disorders date: 2012-03-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022582-2e9i3m4b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022582-2e9i3m4b.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-022582-2e9i3m4b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312125-j9l6l3dx author: Pau, Alice K. title: Convalescent Plasma for the Treatment of COVID-19: Perspectives of the National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312125-j9l6l3dx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312125-j9l6l3dx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312125-j9l6l3dx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309424-sfyagtl6 author: von Euler, H title: Cell proliferation and apoptosis in rat mammary cancer after electrochemical treatment (EChT) date: 2004-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309424-sfyagtl6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309424-sfyagtl6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-309424-sfyagtl6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314932-edf9xjwr author: Yan, Junqiang title: Research Progress of Drug Treatment in Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314932-edf9xjwr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314932-edf9xjwr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314932-edf9xjwr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010078-8lkkez3n author: nan title: Invited Speakers date: 2010-11-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010078-8lkkez3n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010078-8lkkez3n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-010078-8lkkez3n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022404-cz3ruqxx author: Scott, Danny W. title: Dermatoses of Pet Rodents, Rabbits, and Ferrets date: 2009-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022404-cz3ruqxx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022404-cz3ruqxx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-022404-cz3ruqxx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022467-j2trahab author: Loo, May title: Select Populations: Children date: 2009-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022467-j2trahab.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022467-j2trahab.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-022467-j2trahab.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-016960-xhzvp35g author: Berencsi, György title: Fetal and Neonatal Illnesses Caused or Influenced by Maternal Transplacental IgG and/or Therapeutic Antibodies Applied During Pregnancy date: 2012-03-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-016960-xhzvp35g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-016960-xhzvp35g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-016960-xhzvp35g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336614-u6alc6rs author: Pérez-Belmonte, Luis M. title: Differences between Clinical Protocols for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Andalusia, Spain date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336614-u6alc6rs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336614-u6alc6rs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336614-u6alc6rs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342096-pijvvo2i author: Peivandi, S. title: Evaluation of attitude among infertile couples about continuing assisted reproductive technologies therapy during novel coronavirus outbreak date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342096-pijvvo2i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342096-pijvvo2i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-342096-pijvvo2i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316117-o29773cz author: Menzella, Francesco title: Pharmacologicaltreatment of COVID-19: lights and shadows date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316117-o29773cz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316117-o29773cz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316117-o29773cz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333730-qsx0m68e author: Tsai, Y. C. title: Oral disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and immunosuppressants with antiviral potential, including SARS-CoV-2 infection: a review date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333730-qsx0m68e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333730-qsx0m68e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333730-qsx0m68e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336462-7dltsav4 author: Trovik, Linn Hereide title: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and miliary tuberculosis in a previously healthy individual: a case report date: 2020-11-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336462-7dltsav4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336462-7dltsav4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336462-7dltsav4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322980-rembksdr author: Talwar, Shivangi title: Ayurveda and Allopathic Therapeutic Strategies in Coronavirus Pandemic Treatment 2020 date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322980-rembksdr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322980-rembksdr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322980-rembksdr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308169-a0ft6wdy author: Custovic, A. title: EAACI position statement on asthma exacerbations and severe asthma date: 2013-11-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308169-a0ft6wdy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308169-a0ft6wdy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-308169-a0ft6wdy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346607-1mewok8l author: Oesterle, Tyler S. title: Substance Use Disorders and Telehealth in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era: A New Outlook date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346607-1mewok8l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346607-1mewok8l.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346607-1mewok8l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349366-4gny9xkx author: Scanderbeg, Daniel J. title: Development, implementation, and associated challenges of a new HDR brachytherapy program date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349366-4gny9xkx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349366-4gny9xkx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349366-4gny9xkx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306266-8qdrshz3 author: Scully, Crispian title: Respiratory medicine date: 2014-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306266-8qdrshz3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306266-8qdrshz3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-306266-8qdrshz3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353013-7cx0gnum author: DENG, Pengbo title: Bronchial Fistula: Rare Complication of Treatment with Anlotinib date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353013-7cx0gnum.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353013-7cx0gnum.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353013-7cx0gnum.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342588-berrojmq author: Burri, Christian title: Sleeping Sickness at the Crossroads date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342588-berrojmq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342588-berrojmq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342588-berrojmq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342303-ddulfe06 author: Ismael, Julia title: Multidisciplinary approach to COVID-19 and cancer: consensus from scientific societies in Argentina date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342303-ddulfe06.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342303-ddulfe06.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342303-ddulfe06.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346715-r6a5vxl0 author: Liu, Haizhou title: Hexavalent chromium in drinking water: Chemistry, challenges and future outlook on Sn(II)- and photocatalyst-based treatment date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346715-r6a5vxl0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346715-r6a5vxl0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346715-r6a5vxl0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350578-wyz5jyjh author: Bai, Li title: Chinese experts’ consensus on the Internet of Things-aided diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350578-wyz5jyjh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350578-wyz5jyjh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350578-wyz5jyjh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313684-61hkogdh author: Samaddar, Arghadip title: Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Candidates for COVID-19: A Poorly Understood Arena date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313684-61hkogdh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313684-61hkogdh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313684-61hkogdh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350024-whne0l19 author: Anderson, Victoria L. title: Choosing the Right Antibiotic in Ambulatory Care date: 2006-11-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350024-whne0l19.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350024-whne0l19.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 12 resourceName b'cord-350024-whne0l19.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351594-8gp9mjen author: Garwood, Tyler J. title: Removal of chronic Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae carrier ewes eliminates pneumonia in a bighorn sheep population date: 2020-03-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351594-8gp9mjen.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351594-8gp9mjen.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351594-8gp9mjen.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351510-8m4930bc author: Aquino, Yves S J title: Hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19: critiquing the impact of disease public profile on policy and clinical decision-making date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351510-8m4930bc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351510-8m4930bc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-351510-8m4930bc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331487-jh34klbg author: Sivapalan, Pradeesh title: Proactive Prophylaxis With Azithromycin and HydroxyChloroquine in Hospitalised Patients With COVID-19 (ProPAC-COVID): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331487-jh34klbg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331487-jh34klbg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331487-jh34klbg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326864-i1r3bv4p author: Hon, Kam Lun title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): latest developments in potential treatments date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326864-i1r3bv4p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326864-i1r3bv4p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326864-i1r3bv4p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349990-i3jslrae author: Visca, Dina title: Management of chronic refractory cough in adults date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349990-i3jslrae.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349990-i3jslrae.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-349990-i3jslrae.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336563-hwemigk7 author: Bhimraj, Adarsh title: Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336563-hwemigk7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336563-hwemigk7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336563-hwemigk7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320548-oigyut2k author: Zumla, Alimuddin title: Emerging novel and antimicrobial-resistant respiratory tract infections: new drug development and therapeutic options date: 2014-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320548-oigyut2k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320548-oigyut2k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320548-oigyut2k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346611-jyktuvyy author: Manski, C. F. title: How Should Clinicians Interpret Imprecise Trials Assessing Drugs for COVID-19 Patients? date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346611-jyktuvyy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346611-jyktuvyy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-346611-jyktuvyy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022520-ebj51v9o author: Marini, Robert P. title: Biology and Diseases of Ferrets date: 2007-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022520-ebj51v9o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022520-ebj51v9o.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-022520-ebj51v9o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351555-hsgsuor2 author: Constantinou, Constantina title: Developing a holistic contingency plan: Challenges and dilemmas for cancer patients during the COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351555-hsgsuor2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351555-hsgsuor2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351555-hsgsuor2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354824-7fdcu2f0 author: Wu, Renyi title: An Update on Current Therapeutic Drugs Treating COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354824-7fdcu2f0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354824-7fdcu2f0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-354824-7fdcu2f0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-007798-9ht7cqhu author: Smith, Silas W. title: Drugs and pharmaceuticals: management of intoxication and antidotes date: 2010-02-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-007798-9ht7cqhu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-007798-9ht7cqhu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-007798-9ht7cqhu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339614-28s205p8 author: Dover, Jeffrey S. title: A Path to Resume Aesthetic Care: Executive Summary of Project AesCert Guidance Supplement—Practical Considerations for Aesthetic Medicine Professionals Supporting Clinic Preparedness in Response to the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339614-28s205p8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339614-28s205p8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-339614-28s205p8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-021527-1etvgoxc author: Ellis, Christine title: Ferrets date: 2009-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-021527-1etvgoxc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-021527-1etvgoxc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-021527-1etvgoxc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315730-fzgxuak7 author: Penman, Sophie L. title: Safety perspectives on presently considered drugs for the treatment of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315730-fzgxuak7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315730-fzgxuak7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-315730-fzgxuak7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023165-f6o6owg3 author: NAVARRE, CHRISTINE B. title: Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System date: 2009-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023165-f6o6owg3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023165-f6o6owg3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-023165-f6o6owg3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353671-xjpzhsup author: Sgouros, George title: Radiopharmaceutical therapy in cancer: clinical advances and challenges date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353671-xjpzhsup.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353671-xjpzhsup.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-353671-xjpzhsup.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336554-n8n5ii5k author: Singh, Thakur Uttam title: Drug repurposing approach to fight COVID-19 date: 2020-09-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336554-n8n5ii5k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336554-n8n5ii5k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-336554-n8n5ii5k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-193947-vcm3v0ix author: Pollmann, Michael title: Causal Inference for Spatial Treatments date: 2020-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-193947-vcm3v0ix.txt cache: ./cache/cord-193947-vcm3v0ix.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-193947-vcm3v0ix.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265848-afkeuwup author: nan title: Chapter 2 Emergency Management of Poisoning date: 2007-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265848-afkeuwup.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265848-afkeuwup.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-265848-afkeuwup.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023168-cd7adns8 author: Thachil, Jecko title: Haematological Diseases in the Tropics date: 2013-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023168-cd7adns8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023168-cd7adns8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-023168-cd7adns8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317344-wznzmssz author: Iannitti, T. title: Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice date: 2010-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317344-wznzmssz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317344-wznzmssz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-317344-wznzmssz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252984-79jzkdu2 author: Bickman, Leonard title: Improving Mental Health Services: A 50-Year Journey from Randomized Experiments to Artificial Intelligence and Precision Mental Health date: 2020-07-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252984-79jzkdu2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252984-79jzkdu2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-252984-79jzkdu2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327865-xxov2x33 author: Cisneros, B.J. title: Safe Sanitation in Low Economic Development Areas date: 2011-01-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327865-xxov2x33.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327865-xxov2x33.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'cord-327865-xxov2x33.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034340-3ksfpaf7 author: nan title: Proceedings of the 26th European Paediatric Rheumatology Congress: part 2: Virtual. 23 - 26 September 2020 date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034340-3ksfpaf7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034340-3ksfpaf7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-034340-3ksfpaf7.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 1770 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023528-z9rc0ubj author: Wilkins, Pamela A. title: Disorders of Foals date: 2009-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023528-z9rc0ubj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023528-z9rc0ubj.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-023528-z9rc0ubj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-021453-vf8xbaug author: Dysko, Robert C. title: Biology and Diseases of Dogs date: 2007-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-021453-vf8xbaug.txt cache: ./cache/cord-021453-vf8xbaug.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-021453-vf8xbaug.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275828-c6d6nk7x author: Mikasa, Keiichi title: JAID/JSC Guidelines for the Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases: The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases/Japanese Society of Chemotherapy – The JAID/JSC Guide to Clinical Management of Infectious Disease/Guideline-preparing Committee Respiratory Infectious Disease WG date: 2016-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275828-c6d6nk7x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275828-c6d6nk7x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-275828-c6d6nk7x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-015334-8p124rwp author: nan title: ESCP 36th European Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy ‘Implementing Clinical Pharmacy in Community and Hospital Settings: Sharing the Experience’, Istanbul, Turkey 25–27 October 2007; Abstracts date: 2008-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-015334-8p124rwp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-015334-8p124rwp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'cord-015334-8p124rwp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269776-hj1s3ipp author: Agostoni, Angelo title: Hereditary and acquired angioedema: Problems and progress: Proceedings of the third C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency workshop and beyond date: 2004-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269776-hj1s3ipp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269776-hj1s3ipp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'cord-269776-hj1s3ipp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022653-qa1uph35 author: nan title: Poster Discussion Session PDS date: 2017-08-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022653-qa1uph35.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022653-qa1uph35.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'cord-022653-qa1uph35.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005881-oswgjaxz author: nan title: Abstracts: 11(th) European Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery May 15–18, 2010 Brussels, Belgium date: 2010 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005881-oswgjaxz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005881-oswgjaxz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 8 resourceName b'cord-005881-oswgjaxz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022448-ungitgh9 author: Sergueef, Nicette title: Clinical Conditions date: 2009-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022448-ungitgh9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022448-ungitgh9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'cord-022448-ungitgh9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-015369-72cjogxz author: nan title: 50th Annual Meeting of the Austrian Society of Surgery. Vienna, June 18–20, 2009. Guest Editors: Albert Tuchmann, Erhard Schwanzer, Benedikt Walzel date: 2009 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-015369-72cjogxz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-015369-72cjogxz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 10 resourceName b'cord-015369-72cjogxz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-021555-rrverrsj author: Delano, Margaret L. title: Biology and Diseases of Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, and Cattle date: 2007-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-021555-rrverrsj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-021555-rrverrsj.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-021555-rrverrsj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-000843-e1bn79ui author: nan title: ECR 2011 Book of Abstracts - A - Postgraduate Educational Programme date: 2011-03-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-000843-e1bn79ui.txt cache: ./cache/cord-000843-e1bn79ui.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 8 resourceName b'cord-000843-e1bn79ui.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-015368-a0qz4tb9 author: nan title: 48th Annual Meeting of the Austrian Society of Surgery, Graz, June 7–9, 2007 date: 2007 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-015368-a0qz4tb9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-015368-a0qz4tb9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 9 resourceName b'cord-015368-a0qz4tb9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005816-i54q5gsu author: nan title: 10(th) European Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery: May 13–17, 2009 Antalya, Turkey date: 2009-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005816-i54q5gsu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005816-i54q5gsu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 21 resourceName b'cord-005816-i54q5gsu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-001221-due9tloa author: nan title: ECR 2014, Part A date: 2014-02-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-001221-due9tloa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-001221-due9tloa.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'cord-001221-due9tloa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022526-j9kg00qf author: Jones, Samuel L. title: Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System date: 2009-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022526-j9kg00qf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022526-j9kg00qf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 9 resourceName b'cord-022526-j9kg00qf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-019347-tj3ye1mx author: nan title: ABSTRACT BOOK date: 2010-02-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-019347-tj3ye1mx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-019347-tj3ye1mx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'cord-019347-tj3ye1mx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-026031-hnf5vayd author: Ford, Richard B. title: Emergency Care date: 2009-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-026031-hnf5vayd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-026031-hnf5vayd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'cord-026031-hnf5vayd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350571-6tapkjb6 author: nan title: 45th ESCP-NSF international symposium on clinical pharmacy: clinical pharmacy tackling inequalities and access to health care. Oslo, Norway, 5–7 October 2016 date: 2017-01-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350571-6tapkjb6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350571-6tapkjb6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 13 resourceName b'cord-350571-6tapkjb6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005105-twsy61oq author: nan title: SIU 2015 Abstracts date: 2015-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005105-twsy61oq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005105-twsy61oq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 11 resourceName b'cord-005105-twsy61oq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-000083-3p81yr4n author: nan title: Poster Exhibition date: 2009-01-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-000083-3p81yr4n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-000083-3p81yr4n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 9 resourceName b'cord-000083-3p81yr4n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022650-phsr10jp author: nan title: Abstracts TPS date: 2018-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022650-phsr10jp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022650-phsr10jp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 25 resourceName b'cord-022650-phsr10jp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006229-7yoilsho author: nan title: Abstracts of the 82(nd) Annual Meeting of the German Society for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (DGPT) and the 18(th) Annual Meeting of the Network Clinical Pharmacology Germany (VKliPha) in cooperation with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Angewandte Humanpharmakologie e.V. (AGAH) date: 2016-02-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006229-7yoilsho.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006229-7yoilsho.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 12 resourceName b'cord-006229-7yoilsho.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023095-4dannjjm author: nan title: Research Abstract Program of the 2011 ACVIM Forum Denver, Colorado, June 15–18, 2011 date: 2011-05-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023095-4dannjjm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023095-4dannjjm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 10 resourceName b'cord-023095-4dannjjm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010980-sizuef1v author: nan title: ECTES Abstracts 2020 date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 12 resourceName b'cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005814-ak5pq312 author: nan title: 8th European Congress of Intensive Care Medicine Athens - Greece, October 18–22, 1995 Abstracts date: 1995 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 11 resourceName b'cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-009997-oecpqf1j author: nan title: 2018 ASPHO ABSTRACTS date: 2018-03-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-009997-oecpqf1j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-009997-oecpqf1j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 14 resourceName b'cord-009997-oecpqf1j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006849-vgjz74ts author: nan title: 27th International Congress of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) Sevilla, Spain, 12–15 June 2019 date: 2019-09-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006849-vgjz74ts.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006849-vgjz74ts.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 31 resourceName b'cord-006849-vgjz74ts.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022940-atbjwpo5 author: nan title: Poster Sessions date: 2016-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022940-atbjwpo5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022940-atbjwpo5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 20 resourceName b'cord-022940-atbjwpo5.txt' Que is empty; done keyword-treatment-cord === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004073-k6ad4qgu author = Kabir, K. M. Ariful title = Modelling and analysing the coexistence of dual dilemmas in the proactive vaccination game and retroactive treatment game in epidemic viral dynamics date = 2019-12-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5899 sentences = 305 flesch = 42 summary = However, Kabir & Tanimoto [54] claimed that an individual's decision to take a vaccination after social learning (dynamical behaviour) also occurs on local time scales, so this strategy should be updated instantly. To model the social dual-dilemma as a two-stage game, the pre-emptive vaccination and ex post treatment are developed in the framework of SIR epidemic dynamics in a well-mixed population (figure 1). Based on a feedback loop between the resistance evolution and prescription norm, the game approach establishes a social learning dynamical process that somehow controls the optimum use of the antiviral treatment. Consequently, the treatment game is expressed by the following DC dynamics: Considering the defined payoff structure and the portion of individuals presented in table 2, the social average payoff π , expected value of vaccinators π C and expected value of nonvaccinators π D are, respectively, given by cache = ./cache/cord-004073-k6ad4qgu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004073-k6ad4qgu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-003372-cpl7zf7f author = Provoost, Judith title = A retrospective study of factors associated with treatment decision for nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in adults without altered systemic immunity date = 2018-12-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3386 sentences = 173 flesch = 38 summary = METHODS: This retrospective, single center study (2013–2016, 45 months) addressed the criteria supporting treatment decision among adults with NTM lung disease without systemic immunodeficiency at our institution, with the assigned goal to harmonize the practice. Patients' characteristics at diagnosis were collected in order to perform analysis on 146 selected variables: demographics; history of predisposing factors; underlying pulmonary diseases; comorbidities; pulmonary function testing; respiratory bacterial or mycological co-infection(s), which definition was similar to NTM criteria, namely positive culture isolation of the same species from at least two separate expectorated sputum samples or a positive culture result from at least one bronchial wash or lavage; immunologic status; nutritional status; clinical features; microbiologic assessment through identification of NTM species on positive NTM cultures and sample culture conversions; radiologic features on high-resolution CT-scans (fibrocavitary disease or nodular/bronchiectasis disease); prior treatment for NTM lung disease, treatment combination and duration; outcome. cache = ./cache/cord-003372-cpl7zf7f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-003372-cpl7zf7f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011773-vboa8xn9 author = Richards, J. A. title = Coronamolars? date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 652 sentences = 46 flesch = 48 summary = Sir, the last 18 months of DCT in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery have highlighted challenges and complications presented by facial aesthetic treatments. The British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons warn that 'people who struggle with their psychological health can feel pressured to turn to "quick fix" procedures to improve their appearance' and recommend pre-treatment psychological assessments. I am unaware of any dental schools teaching facial aesthetic treatments including dermal fillers as part of the undergraduate course. It is therefore somewhat unsettling that dentists can attend a one-day course before providing treatments such as 'nonsurgical rhinoplasty' when they have likely had no training on this in their professional degree. It seems obvious that change is required in the regulations surrounding facial aesthetic procedures, particularly training of practitioners and steps to protect psychological health. It may be sensible to include such training within the BDS degree given the large proportion of dentists going on to provide these services. cache = ./cache/cord-011773-vboa8xn9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011773-vboa8xn9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-002514-pp06m5xk author = Venkatesan, Sudhir title = Impact of Outpatient Neuraminidase Inhibitor Treatment in Patients Infected With Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 at High Risk of Hospitalization: An Individual Participant Data Metaanalysis date = 2017-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4019 sentences = 173 flesch = 40 summary = title: Impact of Outpatient Neuraminidase Inhibitor Treatment in Patients Infected With Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 at High Risk of Hospitalization: An Individual Participant Data Metaanalysis While evidence exists to support the effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) in reducing mortality when given to hospitalized patients with A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection, the impact of outpatient treatment on hospitalization has not been clearly established. In patients with laboratory-confirmed or clinically diagnosed A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza, after adjustment for community-based antibiotic treatment and propensity score, the likelihood of hospital admission in patients with outpatient or community-based NAI treatment was 0.24 (95% CI, 0.20-0.30) when compared to no NAI treatment in the community (Table 2) . Our main findings ( Table 2) suggest that NAI treatment in the community for patients with severe pandemic influenza substantially reduced the likelihood of hospital admission due to influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. Effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors in reducing mortality in patients admitted to hospital with influenza A H1N1pdm09 virus infection: a meta-analysis of individual participant data cache = ./cache/cord-002514-pp06m5xk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-002514-pp06m5xk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005902-5zuij5i3 author = Frank, Johannes title = Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Extremities date = 2008-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3543 sentences = 223 flesch = 47 summary = As a consequence, early clinical diagnoses with thorough surgical debridement of the infected liquid necrotic fascia as well as correct antibiotic treatment are needed. An amputation in the extremities is not the primary treatment, but in cases where the whole tissue is necrotic and most muscles involved, this might be the only option to stop further spreading and systemic sepsis with multiple organ failure. After primary intensive care and control of the infection and sepsis (mostly after 1 week) reconstructive procedures are initialized reaching from secondary wound closure and skin grafting to flap coverage saving viable tissue and restore function. Besides the basic treatment including intensive care medicine and surgical debridement numerous adjuvant therapies have been recommended with respect to the systemic management of these infections as well as possibilities for local wound treatment. Conclusion Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a life threatening soft tissue infection, characterized by foudroyant spreading necrosis of the involved fascias. cache = ./cache/cord-005902-5zuij5i3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005902-5zuij5i3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-007788-09t52zix author = Wallhult, Elisabeth title = Early and Acute Complications and the Principles of HSCT Nursing Care date = 2017-11-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13962 sentences = 766 flesch = 46 summary = Some other relatively rare complications are also covered here: haemorrhagic cystitis (HC), endothelial damage (ED) syndromes including engraftment syndrome (ES), idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS), diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH), transplant-associated microangiopathy (TAM) and sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno-occlusive disease (SOS/VOD). Oral damage may be a hallmark of graft versus host disease (GvHD) in patients following allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and the presence of lichenoid hyperkeratotic plaques (diagnostic sign), gingivitis, mucositis, erythema, pain, xerostomia and ulcers may indicate GvHD. The increased risk of infections in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is well known, and infection is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Differential diagnoses will need to be excluded by assessing risk factors, symptoms and lab tests since liver dysfunction can also be seen in sepsis, viral infection, graft versus host disease (GvHD) and iron overload and as a side effect from many of the drugs used in the HSCT setting. cache = ./cache/cord-007788-09t52zix.txt txt = ./txt/cord-007788-09t52zix.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006435-4o8uu6d5 author = Kivity, Shaye title = Evidence for the Use of Intravenous Immunoglobulins—A Review of the Literature date = 2009-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14141 sentences = 874 flesch = 36 summary = Although convincing evidence is lacking for the use of IVIg in view of the severity and the refractory nature of several cases of Evans' syndrome, IVIg may be considered among the treatment options generally together with CS with or without immunosuppressive therapy (strength of recommendation IIb). Level of evidence B Evidence comes only from one crossover randomized placebo-controlled trial which supports the use of IVIg in HIV-associated thrombocytopenia, especially when platelet count is very low or the risk of bleeding is high (strength of recommendation IIa). Level of evidence B IVIg is not used for the treatment of CMV infection but may be helpful in treatment of hemophagocytic syndrome related to CMV and other viruses (see hematology section); there is some evidence for its effectiveness in preventing seroconversion in transplant patients who are immunosuppressed (strength of recommendation IIa). cache = ./cache/cord-006435-4o8uu6d5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006435-4o8uu6d5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010570-ytv7dwr0 author = Casadevall, Arturo title = Return to the Past: The Case for Antibody-Based Therapies in Infectious Diseases date = 1995-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7469 sentences = 454 flesch = 31 summary = In the preantibiotic era, passive antibody administration (serum therapy) was useful for the treatment of many infectious diseases. We briefly review the use of antibody-based therapy in the early 20th century and make the case for reintroducing passive antibody administration for the treatment ofinfectious diseases. Given the diminishing efficacy of existing antimicrobials because of widespread resistance and the difficulties of treating infections in immunosuppressed individuals, the reintroduction of antibody-based therapies is an option that should be given serious consideration. Thus, antibody therapy is still widely used in medicine, but its role in the treatment of infections is limited largely to viral and toxin neutralization and replacement therapy in patients with immunoglobulin deficiencies. In the past, serum therapy was effective against various pathogens despite the fact that immune sera contained only small amounts of specific antibody. Antibody-based therapies have traditionally been most effective in infections where viral and toxin neutralization modifies the course of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-010570-ytv7dwr0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010570-ytv7dwr0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-013830-qfvceu65 author = Ang, Juan Lyn title = A systematic review of real-world evidence of the management of macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9877 sentences = 464 flesch = 45 summary = (1) Study design (2) Country or region (3) Number of eyes (4) Mean age of patients (5) Percentage of female patients (6) Treatment-naïve status (7) Treatment regimen and dosage (8) Time to commencement of treatment (9) Reporting of ischaemic or non-ischaemic status at the macula and in the periphery at baseline (10) Reporting of presence of subretinal fluid (SRF) at baseline (11) Reporting of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and smoking status of patients at baseline (12) Inclusion or reporting of high-risk group at baseline e.g., patients with history of cardiovascular disease or cerebrovascular disease (13) Reporting of percentage of eyes that were pseudophakic at baseline (14) Visual acuity at baseline, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months after commencing treatment (15) Central subfield thickness at baseline, 6 months, 12 months, 24 months after commencing treatment (16) Mean number of intravitreal injections administered over the follow-up period (17) Macular laser treatment administered over the followup period (18) Need for retinal laser therapy for neovascularisation (19) Need for rescue therapy (20) Total number of ocular adverse events (21) Mean number of visits over follow-up period (22) Ocular adverse events: number of cases of endophthalmitis, neovascularisation of disc (NVD), neovascularisation elsewhere (NVE), neovascularisation of iris/angle (NVI/A), IOP increase requiring IOP-lowering therapy, rubeotic glaucoma, traumatic cataract, cataract progression, retinal detachment, macular changes affecting vision (e.g. epiretinal membrane, whole pigment clumping, atrophy) and vitreous haemorrhage Study quality was assessed using the quality appraisal checklist for case series developed by Institute of Health Economics (IHE) [30] , as this was the preferred tool by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) [31] . cache = ./cache/cord-013830-qfvceu65.txt txt = ./txt/cord-013830-qfvceu65.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010078-8lkkez3n author = nan title = Invited Speakers date = 2010-11-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 21351 sentences = 1012 flesch = 43 summary = Both modes of imaging discriminate early malignant lesions from non-specifi c infl ammation, aid in selecting appropriate sites for biopsy and better delineate tumor margins for more precise staging, but are of little value at present in clinical practice since most patients with malignant pleural effusions have extensive pleural involvement that is easy to diagnose with white light pleuroscopy For pleuroscopic guided pleural biopsies, specimens obtained with the rigid forceps are larger than those with the fl ex-rigid pleuroscope since they are limited by size of the fl exible forceps, which in turn depends on the diameter of the working channel. In the United Kingdom, a thrombosis group has been formed to promote awareness among parliamentarians about the risk and management of VTE; to increase knowledge of its causes, effects, and treatments; and to monitor the implementation of government initiatives and other researches being and this program has corrected the wrong perception that PTE is a rare disease in China Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or interstitial lung diseases (ILD). cache = ./cache/cord-010078-8lkkez3n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010078-8lkkez3n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-012866-p3mb7r0v author = Luo, Yan title = Predicting the treatment response of certolizumab for individual adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis: protocol for an individual participant data meta-analysis date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5247 sentences = 264 flesch = 45 summary = title: Predicting the treatment response of certolizumab for individual adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis: protocol for an individual participant data meta-analysis The aim of the study is to develop such a model in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who receive certolizumab (CTZ) plus methotrexate (MTX) therapy, using individual participant data meta-analysis (IPD-MA). DISCUSSION: This is a study protocol for developing a model to predict treatment response for RA patients receiving CTZ plus MTX in comparison with MTX alone, using a two-stage approach based on IPD-MA. Individual participant data meta-analysis (IPD-MA) has been previously employed to develop prediction models for treatment effects [3] [4] [5] [6] . In the second stage, this baseline risk score will be used as a prognostic factor and an effect modifier in an IPD meta-regression model to estimate the individualized treatment effects of CTZ. cache = ./cache/cord-012866-p3mb7r0v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-012866-p3mb7r0v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-016290-l592k753 author = Finke, Jürgen title = Hematology and Hemostasis date = 2008 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11717 sentences = 1308 flesch = 39 summary = In patients previously exposed to heparin (< 100 days), reoccurrence within hours • Severe thrombocytopenia (platelets < 100,000/µl), median platelet count approximately 60,000/µl, rarely < 20,000/µl or decreased to < 50% of the initial count; worsening of thrombocytopenia if heparin treatment is continued • Thromboembolic complications up to 40 days after heparin administration • IgG antibodies mostly against the platelet factor 4 (PF4)-heparin complex → Immune complex formation → Platelet activation due to binding of the immune complex to the Fc receptor (Fcγ RIIA), PF4 release → Platelet aggregation, endothelial cell damage, thrombin activation → Thromboembolic complications ("white clot syndrome") Clinical relevance: HIT type II: • Main symptom: thrombophilia, not hemorrhage • Warning signs: exanthema or necrosis at injection site • High incidence (up to 53%) of venous and arterial thrombosis, renal dysfunction, pulmonary embolism, infarction (complications may occur weeks after discontinuation of heparin) cache = ./cache/cord-016290-l592k753.txt txt = ./txt/cord-016290-l592k753.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017142-vx3rgs4r author = Nair, Ranjit title = What the Intensivists Need to Know About Critically Ill Myeloma Patients date = 2019-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9343 sentences = 460 flesch = 36 summary = Suspicion of cast nephropathy in newly diagnosed myeloma patients with serum FLC above 1000 mg/L should be high, especially if associated selective proteinuria composed of FLC/BJP exists, as the degree of renal injury is usually related to tumor load [55] . MM patients are at high risk for cardiac complications secondary multiple factors including an older age group of patients with underlying comorbidities, concurrent kidney involvement, MM-associated deposition disease, and/or anti-MM drug-related side effects. Cardiac amyloidosis can be clinically silent initially, and a MM patient presenting with progressive dyspnea, worsening edema with evidence of heart failure, or dysrhythmia presenting as syncope or hypotensive event requires a thorough work-up to rule out coexisting amyloid disease. Immunosuppression is mediated by disease-and treatment-related factors including decreased ratio of functional to dysfunctional immunoglobulins, defects in antibody opsonization, steroid-related T cell defects, secondary immunodeficiency related to chemotherapy, restricted pulmonary reserve from thoracic rib fractures and opiate use, mucosal damage, indwelling catheters, and presence of renal failure [53, 88, 100] . cache = ./cache/cord-017142-vx3rgs4r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017142-vx3rgs4r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-000843-e1bn79ui author = nan title = ECR 2011 Book of Abstracts - A - Postgraduate Educational Programme date = 2011-03-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 91224 sentences = 4805 flesch = 41 summary = The role of radiology includes (a) characterisation of sonographically indeterminate adnexal masses, (b) staging as guidance for surgery and treatment planning (including identification of sites of non optimal resectabilty) in suspected ovarian cancer, (c) assessment of recurrent disease, and (d) in selected cases image-guided biopsy. The association of multiple markers of structural and functional imaging (MRI and PET) and the use of advanced computational analysis techniques will allow better management of AD but it needs a broader validation and know the most efficient combination of biomarkers at each stage of the disease, including the preclinical period. Although the basic techniques for DCE-CT have been available for decades, more recently a range of technological advances have contributed to the greater applicability of perfusion CT in the clinical environment including wider CT detectors, shorter gantry rotation times, 'table-toggling', radiation dose reduction and software corrections for image mis-registration due to respiratory or other patient motion. cache = ./cache/cord-000843-e1bn79ui.txt txt = ./txt/cord-000843-e1bn79ui.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017702-v46ye328 author = Ganguly, Nirmal Kumar title = Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine for Infectious Diseases date = 2013-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 16564 sentences = 798 flesch = 43 summary = Deciphering the pathogen virulence factors, host susceptibility genes, and the molecular programs involved in the pathogenesis of disease has paved the way for discovery of new molecular targets for drugs, diagnostic markers, and vaccines. The pathogen genome on one hand gives us the information about the important genes conferring disease pathogenesis as well as drug resistance, while the genome of the host on the other hand will reveal the susceptibility genes, and the further knowledge of polymorphisms in genes of the host metabolic and immune system will lead to the new vaccine strategies, drugs targets, and also their treatment outcomes. Several fi eld studies have further suggested that there is a need for calibration of isoniazid dosage as per the individual tuberculosis patient's age, acetylator status, and disease process for an effective antimicrobial outcome of drug treatment (Jeena et al. cache = ./cache/cord-017702-v46ye328.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017702-v46ye328.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-016559-tqd7m2i1 author = Zheng, Yi title = Application in Medicine Systems date = 2014-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 19346 sentences = 778 flesch = 48 summary = Danshen has the function of effectively dilating the coronary artery, increasing coronary blood flow, reducing heart rate, inhibiting platelet aggregation and thrombopoiesis induced by platelet activation factors, promoting the recovery of injured cardiac muscle, increasing cardiac contractility, and protecting cardiac muscle cells; thus it can be widely applied in treating the diseases of the circulation system. [7] reported the application of 0.5/ 250 ml of puerarin and glucose injection combined with 16 ml of CDI in the treatment of 44 patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris, and the results showed that in the treatment group there were 31 patients with a marked effect, 10 patients with an effect, 3 patients without effect, and the total effective rate was 93.2 %. Patients with cerebral hemorrhage were treated with CDI, and the rates of recovery and significant improvement in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group, and no side effects were observed. cache = ./cache/cord-016559-tqd7m2i1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-016559-tqd7m2i1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-012038-psqmqpff author = Erdem, Guliz title = Decreasing the Duration of Discharge Antibiotic Treatment Following Inpatient Skin and Soft Tissue Abscess Drainage date = 2020-02-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3132 sentences = 173 flesch = 41 summary = title: Decreasing the Duration of Discharge Antibiotic Treatment Following Inpatient Skin and Soft Tissue Abscess Drainage Our primary aim was to decrease the duration of prescribed antibiotics for patients discharged from our inpatient infectious diseases unit following I&D of simple skin and soft tissue abscesses to 5 days or less. 12 A significant number of these inpatients have admission diagnoses of SSTIs. Patients evaluated at local urgent care clinics or emergency rooms with skin and soft tissue abscesses are frequently referred to NCH for admission to the inpatient infectious disease unit for antibiotic therapy and I&D of the abscess. Our project included patients between 3 months to 21 years of age who were admitted with skin and soft tissue abscesses and discharged from the infectious diseases inpatient unit following I&D performed during the hospitalization with no or minimal residual cellulitis at the time of discharge (uncomplicated abscess). cache = ./cache/cord-012038-psqmqpff.txt txt = ./txt/cord-012038-psqmqpff.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-016283-b6yywn9f author = Hasan, Ashfaq title = Clinical Aspects and Principles of Management of Tuberculosis date = 2019-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6930 sentences = 347 flesch = 46 summary = Notwithstanding the advances in modern science, clinical diagnosis sometimes remains elusive, owing principally to the frequent paucibacillary occurrence of the disease and the slow doubling time of the organism; empiric treatment is often fraught with risks in the era of increasing drug resistance. The line probe assays (LPA) can permit rapid identification of specific gene markers associated with rifampicin resistance alone or in combination with isoniazid, and provide clinically relevant information about the level of INH resistance (low level associated with the INH-A gene; versus high level associated with the kat-G gene) (WHO treatment guidance for drug resistant tuberculosis 2016). Anti-tubercular drugs require to be supplemented with carefully monitored steroid therapy in two circumstances: tubercular meningitis (a short course of dexamethasone or prednisolone is typically given, tapered over 6 to 8 weeks) and tuberculous pericarditis (Guidelines for treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis and patient care 2017). cache = ./cache/cord-016283-b6yywn9f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-016283-b6yywn9f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-016960-xhzvp35g author = Berencsi, György title = Fetal and Neonatal Illnesses Caused or Influenced by Maternal Transplacental IgG and/or Therapeutic Antibodies Applied During Pregnancy date = 2012-03-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 17693 sentences = 1045 flesch = 42 summary = The importance of maternal anti-idiotypic antibodies are believed to prime the fetal immune system with epitopes of etiologic agents infected the mother during her whole life before pregnancy and delivery. Neonatal lupus is a model of passively acquired autoimmunity in which a mother-, who may have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or Sj€ ogren's syndrome (SS) or may be entirely asymptomatic-synthesizes antibodies to SSA/Ro and/or SSB/ La ribonucleoproteins that enter the fetal circulation via trophoblast FcRn receptors and presumably cause tissue injury (Lee 1990 ) as mentioned above. Teplizumab (CD3-specific, hOKT3g1-Ala-Ala), a humanized Fc mutated anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody induced tolerance, on the progression of type 1 diabetes in patients with recent-onset disease even 2 years after the first diagnosis (Herold et al. Clinical and immune responses in resected colon cancer patients treated with anti-idiotype monoclonal antibody vaccine that mimics the carcinoembryonic antigen Clinical use of anti-CD25 antibody daclizumab to enhance immune responses to tumor antigen vaccination by targeting regulatory T cells cache = ./cache/cord-016960-xhzvp35g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-016960-xhzvp35g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-009967-fyqc5bat author = Gleckman, Richard title = Cost‐Effective Antibiotic Prescribing date = 2012-01-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5938 sentences = 307 flesch = 30 summary = Recent studies have confirmed the efficacy and reduced expense of oral antibiotics prescribed for selected children with osteomyelitis and septic arthritis.1"22 In 1973, it was reported that favorable results ensued when oral antibiotic therapy was prescribed for hospitalized patients with serious infectionsz3 Fourteen patients with osteomyelitis were treated successfully with oral cephalexin after they had received a short course of parenteral cephaloridine. Adults with disseminated gonococcal infection can be effectively treated with a one week program consisting initially of 2 million units of penicillin G administered every 4 hours followed by oral ampicillin or amoxicillin prescribed as 500 mg four times daily.34,35 Hospitalization is usually recommended to establish the diagnosis of disseminated gonococcal disease since misdiagnosis occurs not infrequently with this disorder.33 Selected patients can complete the oral regimens in an outpatient setting or, alternatively, they can be treated entirely without ho~pitalization.~~ Acceptable oral regimens consist of giving amoxicillin (500 mg four times daily), tetracycline (500 mg four times daily), or erythromycin (500 mg four times daily) for at least 7 days. cache = ./cache/cord-009967-fyqc5bat.txt txt = ./txt/cord-009967-fyqc5bat.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005881-oswgjaxz author = nan title = Abstracts: 11(th) European Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery May 15–18, 2010 Brussels, Belgium date = 2010 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 71955 sentences = 4561 flesch = 52 summary = Prospective case series with historical control group.(Level III) Results: Preliminary data indicate: *a shorter time on ventilator than anticipated (based on comparisson to historical data) * a shorter time on ICU * less pneumoniae * no intra-operative complications * good healing results of the rib fractures * no implant failures * acceptable pain scores * good overal satisfaction * acceptable cosmetic results Conclusion: Internal fixation of rib fractures (flair chest or multiple sequential fractures with pulmonary function compromise) results in a earlier recuperation of pulmonary function with shortened ICU stay. (Regional Association Sanitary Emergencies) Material and Methods: The ARES, whose members are about 600, all over the nation, is configured as an extraordinary health resource, activated by the National Civil Defence operations centre, in according with the Regional centre of Marche, in disater situations Results: The main objectives of ARES are training and organization of medical staff and structures and its growth crosses several missions including: AE Earthquake in Molise, 2002 Introduction: Cephalomedullary nails rely on a large lag screw that provides fixation into the femoral head. cache = ./cache/cord-005881-oswgjaxz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005881-oswgjaxz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-015368-a0qz4tb9 author = nan title = 48th Annual Meeting of the Austrian Society of Surgery, Graz, June 7–9, 2007 date = 2007 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 86620 sentences = 6042 flesch = 51 summary = Surgical treatment and evaluation, complications, short and long term patency of our patients were compared to interventional techniques and international literature. The aim of the study was to investigate: i) relevant and combined determinants of the development, management and outcome of a representative patient cohort (n ¼ 9.991) with acute appendicitis enrolled in a prospective unicenter study through a time period of 27 years (middle Europe), and ii) the frequency and impact of specific categories (e.g., characteristics of the medical history, clinical and intraoperative findings, complications), correlation and relative risk factors of the disease and its prognosis. From 01=1997 until 12=2006 198 TEM procedures were performed in 194 patients, 104 males, 90 females, mean age was 68.9 years (38-91), the median hospital stay was 8 days . No conversion to open technique had to be performed, no postoperative surgical complications were observed, one patient died 4 weeks postoperative due to liver failure following esophageal varices bleeding. cache = ./cache/cord-015368-a0qz4tb9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-015368-a0qz4tb9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022467-j2trahab author = Loo, May title = Select Populations: Children date = 2009-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 19061 sentences = 1249 flesch = 44 summary = A recent clinical trial that included children over age 12 years and used a fixedcombination homeopathic remedy for a mean 4.1 days of treatment reported that 81.5% reported subjective feelings of being symptom free or significantly improved without complaint of any adverse side effects. 4 A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled study from Great Britain of 170 children with a starting median age of 4.2 years in the experimental group and 3.6 years in the placebo group concluded that individually prescribed homeopathic remedies seem to be ineffective in reducing symptoms or decreasing the use of antibiotics in pediatric patients with URI. 414 In a nonrandomized clinical trial involving 30 children ages 3 months to 8 years with chronic diarrhea of 2 to 4 months' duration that was unresponsive to Western medicine and TCM, individualized acupuncture treatment eliminated symptoms and normalized stools. cache = ./cache/cord-022467-j2trahab.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022467-j2trahab.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011712-fyrbe8tw author = Venkatesan, Sudhir title = Neuraminidase Inhibitors and Hospital Length of Stay: A Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data to Determine Treatment Effectiveness Among Patients Hospitalized With Nonfatal 2009 Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) Virus Infection date = 2020-02-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4623 sentences = 200 flesch = 40 summary = METHODS: We conducted a one-stage individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis exploring the association between NAI treatment and LoS in patients hospitalized with 2009 influenza A(H1N1) virus (A[H1N1]pdm09) infection. CONCLUSIONS: When patients hospitalized with influenza are treated with NAIs, treatment initiated on admission, regardless of time since symptom onset, is associated with a reduced LoS, compared with later or no initiation of treatment. We undertook a one-stage individual participant data (IPD) [16] meta-analysis to explore the association between NAI treatment of patients hospitalized with 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus (A[H1N1]pdm09) infection and the LoS during the 2009-2010 influenza pandemic. In Hong Kong, a study of 356 adult patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed seasonal influenza showed that early oseltamivir treatment was associated with a reduced LoS in both unadjusted and multivariable analyses [9] , compared with no or later treatment, with the median LoS decreasing from 6 to 4 days; this accords with our primary analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-011712-fyrbe8tw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011712-fyrbe8tw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-021770-zn7na974 author = Slifka, Mark K. title = Passive Immunization date = 2017-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12134 sentences = 610 flesch = 31 summary = [26] [27] [28] [29] Recent studies verify these earlier results, demonstrating a 90% to 91% vaccine efficacy against whooping cough among infants younger than 2 months of nonlymphoid tissues and to penetrate mucosal sites of infection is likely to explain why it is often considered the best immunoglobulin isotype for routine passive immunization and has shown clinical benefit ranging from reduced clinical symptoms to nearly complete protection from lethal infection in a number of infectious disease models (Table 8 .3). 118 With the recent development of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies that show protective efficacy against tularemia in animal models, [119] [120] [121] it may be possible to incorporate both passive immunotherapy and antibiotic treatment into clinical practice not only for tularemia, but for other bacterial diseases, especially in cases in which antibiotic resistance is becoming more widespread. cache = ./cache/cord-021770-zn7na974.txt txt = ./txt/cord-021770-zn7na974.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005816-i54q5gsu author = nan title = 10(th) European Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery: May 13–17, 2009 Antalya, Turkey date = 2009-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 83124 sentences = 5617 flesch = 53 summary = Several factors such as the initial lack of symptoms, a low diagnostic sensitivity of the CT (34% false negatives), and the nonoperative management of solid organ injuries, have contributed to a delayed diagnosis in one of every five patients in our series, but this has not led to a significant increase in septic complications in this group. Method: The demographic features, the treatments, the intensity of the illness and mortality rate of the 155 patients in Afyon Kocatepe University General Surgery clinic between the years 2006 Background: Enterocutaneous fistula continues to be a serious surgical problem. Introduction: In our previous study, we examined the treatment results of burn patients older than 45 years, and found a significant increase in mortality with increasing age groups. Methods: Data on emergency surgical cases and admissions to the surgical service over a 3-month period were collected and analyzed; this included patient demographics, referral sources, diagnosis, operation, and length of stay (LOS Conclusion: Emergency workload represents a significant part of the work for the general surgeons. cache = ./cache/cord-005816-i54q5gsu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005816-i54q5gsu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-016855-hqs94hfa author = Simpson, William M. title = Pesticides date = 2006 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4759 sentences = 300 flesch = 47 summary = Most toxicity from contact with skin or eyes or ingestion involves mucous membrane irritation. Otherwise, aggressive supportive care including protection of the airway, correction of hypotension, and treatment of arrhythmias, hyperthermia, and seizures may be required (3) . Urea-substituted herbicides have low systemic toxicity based on animal feeding studies; they may, however, produce methemoglobinemia with heavy ingestion. Treatment of paraquat ingestion is aimed at several points along the toxicity pathway-removing toxin from the GI tract, increasing excretion from the blood, and preventing pulmonary damage with anti-inflammatory agents. No human or animal toxicity has been reported with morfamquat, but poisoning with the chemical should probably be treated initially as a paraquat poisoning (6). Treatment of exposure is with skin and GI decontamination, oxygen supplementation, fluid support, and avoidance of alcohol. Treatment is skin and GI decontamination, respiratory support, and chelation therapy (for severe, acute poisoning, though the possibility of inducing renal failure with a large load of cadmium exists). cache = ./cache/cord-016855-hqs94hfa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-016855-hqs94hfa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017393-kx8kmdej author = Herbers, Alexandra title = Acute Myelogenous Leukemia and Febrile Neutropenia date = 2009-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13295 sentences = 566 flesch = 31 summary = Despite numerous clinical studies, since the 1970s, no single empirical antibiotic regimen has been shown to be superior for initial treatment of patients who become febrile during a neutropenic episode after therapy with chemotherapy drugs for hematological malignancies (see Table 5 -2) [4, 9, [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] . Similarly, bacteremias due to Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Clostridium species as well as candidemias are more frequently encountered in patients with acute leukemia who suffer from neutropenic enterocolitis or typhlitis, the most serious disturbance of the delicate balance between mucosal damage and microbial flora in the setting of prolonged exposure to antibiotics after intermediate or high-dose cytarabine chemotherapy. In addition, if a persistently neutropenic patient has no complaints and displays no clinical, radiological, or laboratory evidence of infection, cessation of antibiotic therapy or a change to oral antimicrobials should be considered after 4 days without symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-017393-kx8kmdej.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017393-kx8kmdej.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022404-cz3ruqxx author = Scott, Danny W. title = Dermatoses of Pet Rodents, Rabbits, and Ferrets date = 2009-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 15517 sentences = 1067 flesch = 51 summary = Finally, these small creatures, especially mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits, are frequently used for studying models of human diseases (e.g., hereditary hypotrichoses and ichthyoses in mice and rats), for examining the pathogenesis of various dermatoses also seen in humans (e.g., contact hypersensitivity and candidiasis in guinea pigs), for evaluating therapeutic agents used in various human dermatoses (e.g., treatment of Malassezia dermatitis in guinea pigs and the use of retinoids in rhino mice), for studying percutaneous absorption and various aspects of dermatopharmacology (e.g., the mouse tail assay for studying epidermal drug effects), and for screening the potential irritancy or sensitization of topical agents (e.g., the guinea pig Draize test for contact allergens and the rabbit skin test for topical irritants)." cache = ./cache/cord-022404-cz3ruqxx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022404-cz3ruqxx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-015334-8p124rwp author = nan title = ESCP 36th European Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy ‘Implementing Clinical Pharmacy in Community and Hospital Settings: Sharing the Experience’, Istanbul, Turkey 25–27 October 2007; Abstracts date = 2008-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 51143 sentences = 3291 flesch = 51 summary = Based on the results of the pharmacoeconomic analysis, development of clinical pharmacy and CIVAS for some drugs will be discussed with the paediatric department Background and Objective: Studies show that up to 38% of patients starting treatment with antidepressants fill only a single prescription at the pharmacy, apparently not accepting treatment. Main Outcome Measures: Data collected were: nurses' profile (age, length of service, competencies' self-assessment), knowledge on drugs prescribed to their patients (usage, administration, side-effects, drug interactions…), use of existing tools (i.e. drugs database) and possible tools to be developed by the pharmacy ward to help them in their daily practice. The objectives were:(1)To identify the most relevant minor ailments, agreeing on the specific criteria for referral to the GP.(2)To select the non-prescription drugs, with evidence of safety and effectiveness, for the treatment of the identified minor ailments Design: Qualitative study with an expert panel which was made up of 2 primary care physician from SEMFYC and six community pharmacists (two members of SEFAC and four members of GIAF-UGR). cache = ./cache/cord-015334-8p124rwp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-015334-8p124rwp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022520-ebj51v9o author = Marini, Robert P. title = Biology and Diseases of Ferrets date = 2007-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 19489 sentences = 1211 flesch = 46 summary = Campylobacter jejuni is a gram-negative, spirally curved microaerophilic bacterium that is recognized as a significant cause of human enteritis and is as-sociated with diarrheic illness in several animal species, including dogs, cats, cows, goats, pigs, mink, ferrets, and sheep (Carter et al., 1995) . Reports of spontaneous cases in ferrets require diagnostic confirmation and differentiation from cases of proliferative bowel disease and other infectious and noninfectious causes of diarrhea. Systemic infection with the bovine strain in ferrets results in disseminated disease with weight loss, anorexia, lethargy, death, and miliary lesions involving the lungs and other viscera (Fox, 1998a) . Clinical disease may occur in kits as young as 1-4 days old or in older animals up to 6 weeks of age. Other potential etiologies that have been considered include two infectious agents that are known to cause chronic immune stimulation in affected ferrets, the Aleutian disease virus (ADV) and Helicobacter mustelae. cache = ./cache/cord-022520-ebj51v9o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022520-ebj51v9o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018239-n7axd9bq author = Rusoke-Dierich, Olaf title = Travel Medicine date = 2018-03-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8527 sentences = 660 flesch = 60 summary = The following topics should be included in the travel advice consultation: 5 Vaccinations (general and country specific) 5 Country-specific diseases 5 Malaria prophylaxis 5 Mosquito prophylaxis (wearing bright long-sleeved clothes, avoiding perfume, staying in air-conditioned rooms, using a mosquito net, using insect repellents, staying inside at dawn and dusk) 5 Food consumption and drinking overseas (no consumption of ice cubes, uncooked meals, salads and food, which is exposed to flies, limited alcohol consumption) 5 UV protection (using sun cream, avoiding sun exposure between 11.00 and 15.00 o' clock, remaining in shaded areas, wearing a hat and covering skin) 5 Fitness assessment for travelling, flying and diving 5 Challenges of different climates and their effects on the personal health (dehydration, hyperthermia) 5 Medications 5 Thrombosis counselling 5 Counselling on symptoms on return, which require review (fever, skin changes, abnormal bleeding, lymphadenopathy, diarrhoea) 5 Sexual transmitted diseases 5 Contraception 5 Rabies cache = ./cache/cord-018239-n7axd9bq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018239-n7axd9bq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022292-msz4au4b author = Gershan, William M. title = Cough date = 2009-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13122 sentences = 733 flesch = 48 summary = A normal chest radiograph indicates the unlikelihood of pneumonia caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus, Chlamydia species, or bacteria. Although children with cough resulting from CF, Mycoplasma species, tuberculosis, aspiration, a bronchial foreign body, or an anatomic abnormality usually have abnormal chest radiographs, a normal radiograph does not exclude these diagnoses. Sputum cultures and Gram stains may help guide initial empirical therapy in older patients with pneumonia or purulent bronchitis, but their ability to identify specific causative organisms with certainty (again with the exception of CF) has not been shown clearly. Bacterial pneumonia is relatively less common in infants than is viral pneumonia but can cause severe illness, with cough, respiratory distress, and fever. Treatment is similar to that for CF, with regular chest physical therapy and frequent and aggressive use of antibiotics at the first sign of airways infection, most commonly increased cough. cache = ./cache/cord-022292-msz4au4b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022292-msz4au4b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022448-ungitgh9 author = Sergueef, Nicette title = Clinical Conditions date = 2009-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 77343 sentences = 4418 flesch = 50 summary = Brachial plexus injury, fracture of the clavicle, pectus excavatum and carinatum, scoliosis, kyphosis and vertebral somatic dysfunctions are other commonly encountered conditions with structural and functional consequences that can be addressed with osteopathic manipulative treatment. Palpate the infant to identify membranous, myofascial and interosseous somatic dysfunction, particularly in the upper thoracic spine, pectoral girdle, cervico-occipital area and cranium (temporal bone, occiput, occipitomastoid suture and jugular foramen). Secondly, but concomitant with the above, the progressive fl exion of the cranial base, associated with the anteroposterior growth of the skull, contributes to positional changes of both the pterygoid processes, which become longer and more vertical, and the petrous portions of the temporal bones, which become externally rotated. Because of the relationships between the sympathetic nervous system and the upper thoracic spinal segments, the second and third cervical vertebrae, and between the parasympathetic nervous system and the sphenoid, maxilla or palatine bones, somatic dysfunction of any of these vertebral and cranial areas can result in dysfunction of the ANS with impact on nasal function. cache = ./cache/cord-022448-ungitgh9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022448-ungitgh9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-102145-bi8jyz6r author = Wilson, Audrey E title = Spatial heterogeneity in resources alters selective dynamics in Drosophila melanogaster date = 2020-09-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5931 sentences = 246 flesch = 40 summary = Using Drosophila melanogaster, we tested three different spatial environments designed to determine if spatial constraint of critical resources influences the efficiency of natural and sexual selection. Since Yun et al.'s (2017) experiment, there have been several studies conducted to determine how natural and sexual selection changes within simple (high density in single vials or bottles) versus "complex environments" (lower density cages with multiple resources for interactions to occur). In the first part of this experiment we looked at how differences in resource patch size and accessibility influenced the purging of six recessive deleterious mutations from populations being held within a series of complex environments. For analyzing purging rates across environmental treatments, models were generated with and without the third SCT replicate for the forked 1 mutation due to this replicate having mutant allele frequencies approaching fixation consistently throughout the experiment ( Figure S2 , Table S2 and Table S3 ). cache = ./cache/cord-102145-bi8jyz6r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-102145-bi8jyz6r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-021527-1etvgoxc author = Ellis, Christine title = Ferrets date = 2009-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 22562 sentences = 2007 flesch = 54 summary = • Diagnosis is based on the medical history, the physical examination findings, and a complete diagnostic work-up that includes a CBC, reticulocyte count, serum biochemical analysis, whole-body radiographs, and bone marrow cytology if indicated. M Key Point Base a presumptive diagnosis of insulinoma on the history, clinical signs, and repeated evidence of hypoglycemia in the presence of normal or elevated blood insulin levels. Lymphosarcoma (lymphoma) is common in ferrets of all ages, and is similar in presentation to the disease in cats and dogs (see Chapter 27). • Differential diagnoses include the early stages of adrenal gland disease; however, hair loss on the body typically occurs as well when this condition is present. • Ferrets with congestive heart failure (CHF) may present with clinical signs that resemble symptoms associated with other disease entities, such as anorexia, ascites, coughing, dehydration, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, generalized weakness, hindlimb weakness, hypothermia, lethargy, tachypnea, and weight loss. cache = ./cache/cord-021527-1etvgoxc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-021527-1etvgoxc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-021453-vf8xbaug author = Dysko, Robert C. title = Biology and Diseases of Dogs date = 2007-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 41994 sentences = 2688 flesch = 48 summary = The use of dogs continued as biomedical research advanced, and they were featured in many noteworthy studies, including those by Pavlov to observe and document the conditioned reflex response and by Banting and Best to identify the role of insulin in diabetes mellitus. Especially noted in this chapter are infectious diseases associated with the use of random-source dogs that have unknown vaccination history and have had intensive contact with other similar animals at pounds and/or shelters, or conditions seen frequently in the beagle, the most common breed used in biomedical research. Culture requires selective isolation media, and growth is favored by reduced oxygen tension and a temperature of 42~ Any disorder that can cause diarrhea in dogs should be considered as a differential diagnosis, including canine parvovirus, coronavirus, distemper virus, Giardia, and Salmonella infections; helminth infestations; and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. cache = ./cache/cord-021453-vf8xbaug.txt txt = ./txt/cord-021453-vf8xbaug.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018557-iuu38yes author = Mainous, Arch G. title = Upper Respiratory Infections and Acute Bronchitis date = 2009-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7111 sentences = 367 flesch = 41 summary = Treatment recommendations from the AAP/AAFP guidelines for the management of acute otitis media suggest that observation rather the initial use of antibiotics is appropriate depending on the child's overall health, age, severity of illness, and likelihood that they can follow-up if necessary. When antibiotics are selected for the management of acute suppurative otitis media, selection of an agent should provide coverage for the two most common organisms, the AAP/AAFP recommends initial treatment with amoxicillin at a dose of 80-90 mg/kg per day. • Evidence does not support the use of antibiotics for the common cold, acute bronchitis, initial cases of otitis media with effusion, and non-group A streptococcal pharyngitis. • Although the data are mixed regarding the utility of antibiotic treatment for acute sinusitis, otitis media, and group A streptococcal pharyngitis, antibiotics may have some benefit. cache = ./cache/cord-018557-iuu38yes.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018557-iuu38yes.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031978-l6nlrv9h author = Chauvenet, Alienor title = Panel sampling in health research date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1431 sentences = 80 flesch = 44 summary = Carsten Hjorthøj and colleagues question the extent to which the effects of cannabidiol as a pharmacological treatment for cannabis use disorder might be clinically meaningful. The Lancet Psychiatry, Matthias Pierce and colleagues 1,2 identify the importance of sampling in studying mental health effects of COVID-19. It seems that self-selected commercial survey panels in general might be biased towards mentally unhealthy or unhappy individuals. Despite great interest in the discontinuation of antipsychotic medication, few individuals can equally accept either treatment group in a randomised discontinuation trial, because the decision to maintain or discontinue is too important to be left to randomisation. Second, clinical cohort studies including individuals who discontinue antipsychotic medication should be done to generate precise knowledge about the proportion and The Dutch MESIFOS study 1 found that more patients achieved long term functional remission in the group who were assigned to early discontinuation of antipsychotic medication after 6 months of remission, compared with those who were assigned to maintenance treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-031978-l6nlrv9h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031978-l6nlrv9h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262339-e2ayh108 author = Bohner, Lauren title = 2019-nCoV: Measures Adopted at the Departments of Oral Surgery and Radiology during the Period of an Uncontrolled Transmission Increase date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1663 sentences = 107 flesch = 53 summary = The use of protective equipment and dental office isolation were the major points to avoid the contact between infected and non-infected patients. Thus, preventive measures, such as the use of protection equipment, personal hygiene and ventilated rooms, are essential to avoid contamination [2] . The purpose of this report is to describe the protocol adopted by the Departments of Oral Surgery and Radiology, Hospital University Münster, to avoid the cross infection of professionals and patients during the phase of an uncontrolled transmission increase. Usual measures, such as use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and disinfection protocol after each patient consultation, should be respected. All patients should be considered to be infected, and some aspects must be taken into consideration during the dental treatment: -Patient's screening, as the avoidance of contact between COVID and non-COVID patients, are important measures to prevent spread of the disease; - cache = ./cache/cord-262339-e2ayh108.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262339-e2ayh108.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-016280-d47e3art author = Friedberg, Joseph S. title = Pleura: Anatomy, Physiology, and Disorders date = 2008 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14487 sentences = 746 flesch = 44 summary = In addition to the discomfort, chest tube placement may be accompanied by a number of complications including empyema, lung injury and bleeding, and death." Therefore, coagulation profiles and immunocompetency should be taken into consideration for all patients considered for this procedure . If a large air leak is anticipated or if there is significant effusion associated with the pneumothorax, then a standard 28-French chest tube should be placed. Some of the indications for surgical treatment of a spontaneous pneumothorax include a second pneumothorax (ipsilateral recurrence or a new pneumothorax on the contralateral side); tension physiology; synchronous bilateral pneumothoraces; associated hemothorax (likely secondary to a tom adhesion and complicating approximately 5% of spontaneous pneumothoraces); failure of tube thoracostomy; and lifestyle factors. Chylothorax is an exudative effusion caused by disruption of the lymphatics in the chest, most commonly the thoracic duct, and subsequent drainage of chyle into the pleural space. cache = ./cache/cord-016280-d47e3art.txt txt = ./txt/cord-016280-d47e3art.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-021713-e0hzcag6 author = nan title = Ribavirin date = 2015-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10899 sentences = 501 flesch = 37 summary = A 38-year-old man developed ischemic optic neuropathy after taking ribavirin 800 mg/day þ peginterferon alfa for 6 months; his visual acuity and field defect failed to improve despite withdrawal of interferon and therapy with high dose systemic steroids [46] . Type 1 diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease reportedly develop in 0.08-2.6% and 10-15% of patients treated with combined interferon-alfa þ ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C, but rarely coexist; however, both conditions have been reported in a 33-year-old woman [65] . A 49-year-old man who took long-term ribavirin þ peginterferon alfa for chronic hepatitis C developed an autoimmune hemolytic anemia after 56 weeks of therapy and required transfusion and withdrawal of both agents [67] . In a randomized controlled trial of high-dose interferon alfa-2b plus oral ribavirin for 6 or 12 months in 50 patients with chronic hepatitis C, the sequential effects of treatment on hemoglobin, leukocytes, and platelets were recorded [78] . cache = ./cache/cord-021713-e0hzcag6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-021713-e0hzcag6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261671-1pvg3apl author = Titov, Nickolai title = User characteristics and outcomes from a national digital mental health service: an observational study of registrants of the Australian MindSpot Clinic date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6128 sentences = 272 flesch = 48 summary = Among patients enrolled in a digital treatment course, we evaluated scales of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale [GAD-7]), as primary measures of treatment outcome, from the screening assessment to post-treatment and a 3 month follow-up. 11 MindSpot provides information about symptoms and local mental health services, brief psychological assess ments, and therapist-guided treatments delivered via the internet and telephone to adults with symp toms of anxiety, dep ression, or chronic pain. As MindSpot is funded by the Australian Department of Health, patients seeking assessment or treatment must complete an online registration questionnaire and meet the following eligibility criteria: Australian resident eligible for publicly funded health services (ie, Medicare-funded services); aged 18 years or older; and self-reported principal complaint of anxiety, depression, or chronic pain. cache = ./cache/cord-261671-1pvg3apl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261671-1pvg3apl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-015369-72cjogxz author = nan title = 50th Annual Meeting of the Austrian Society of Surgery. Vienna, June 18–20, 2009. Guest Editors: Albert Tuchmann, Erhard Schwanzer, Benedikt Walzel date = 2009 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 71071 sentences = 7094 flesch = 50 summary = Bei 2 Patienten wurde wegen eines Rezidivs eine neuerliche RFT mit liver packing notwendig, 5 Patienten wurden ohne Packing ein zweites mal abladiert und ein Patient unterzog sich einer linksseitigen Hemihepatektomie nach rechtsseitiger Ablation. Das laparoskopische Liver Packing ermöglicht eine ablative Therapie der Leber in Patienten, die mit den herkömmlichen Möglichkeiten nicht lokal therapierbar sind. Zusammenfassend lässt sich anhand der hier vorliegenden Studie zeigen, dass die Therapie von VSM mittels ELT mit 1470-nm-Diodenlaser und Radialfaser eine sowohl minimalinvasive als auch sichere und effiziente Therapieoption darstellt und eine hohe frühzeitige Erfolgsrate bei niedrigem Schmerzniveau aufweist.In weiteren Studien muss geprueft werden, ob aehnlich gute Resultate auch bei weiterer Absenkung des Energienivaus zu erreichen sind. Patients who underwent R0 resection for colon and rectal cancer during the period 1995-2000 showed a significantly improved 5-year survival rate compared to those operated on between 1991 and 1995. cache = ./cache/cord-015369-72cjogxz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-015369-72cjogxz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-007798-9ht7cqhu author = Smith, Silas W. title = Drugs and pharmaceuticals: management of intoxication and antidotes date = 2010-02-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 22555 sentences = 1371 flesch = 34 summary = In the context of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticholinergic, anticonvulsant, antihyperglycemic, antimicrobial, antineoplastic, cardiovascular, opioid, or sedative-hypnotic agents overdose, N-acetylcysteine, physostigmine, l-carnitine, dextrose, octreotide, pyridoxine, dexrazoxane, leucovorin, glucarpidase, atropine, calcium, digoxin-specific antibody fragments, glucagon, high-dose insulin euglycemia therapy, lipid emulsion, magnesium, sodium bicarbonate, naloxone, and flumazenil are specifically reviewed. As might be anticipated from the fact that supportive care suffices for the majority of poisoned patients, a typical study of routine administration of charcoal following oral overdose of primarily benzodiazepines, acetaminophen, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors could not demonstrate benefit [16, 17, 23] . Patient characteristics suggesting extracorporeal therapy include signs or symptoms of significant end organ toxicity; impaired elimination secondary to baseline comorbidities or critical illness-induced hypoperfusion; inability to tolerate or refractory to antidotal strategies (such as bicarbonate or saline); inadequate response to supportive care measures; concurrent electrolyte derangements (e.g., metformin-associated lactic acidosis); or serum drug concentrations historically associated with severe outcome [127] . cache = ./cache/cord-007798-9ht7cqhu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-007798-9ht7cqhu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255781-55zrmgxq author = Bergman, Scott J. title = Interferons as Therapeutic Agents for Infectious Diseases date = 2011-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6408 sentences = 376 flesch = 44 summary = These agents consist of naturally occurring small proteins with molecular weights of 15,000 to 27,600 Da. 3 Each is considered a first-line option for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in combination with ribavirin. Along with the list of additional indications approved by the Food and Drug Administration shown in Table 1 , IFN-a was shown to be an effective treatment for the symptoms of an aggressive case of chronic active Epstein-Barr virus, but did not eliminate infection entirely. IFNs have been tested repeatedly against infectious diseases, but injections are used mostly for the treatment of viral hepatitis C and prevention of infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease clinically. Phase 1b study of pegylated interferon lambda 1 with or without ribavirin in patients with chronic genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection cache = ./cache/cord-255781-55zrmgxq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255781-55zrmgxq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022237-qxya4cs3 author = Bryant, Everett title = Biology and Diseases of Birds date = 2013-11-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13390 sentences = 1178 flesch = 59 summary = The bird fits into the overall taxonomic scheme as follows: Specific pathogen-free (SPF) fertile eggs, day-old chicks, or Kingdom, Animal; Phylum, Chordata; Class, Aves; Order, 27 started pullets are available for use in research. A clear outline of the gen-free chickens or eggs come from breeding stock negative avian orders listing the common names of birds in each may be to diseases caused by mycoplasmas, Newcastle disease, infecfound in Steiner and Davis (1981) . Chickens, turkeys, and other birds require the six major nu trients: carbohydrates for energy, fats for energy and essential fatty acids, protein for meat and egg production, minerals for bones and shells, vitamins for chemical catalysts, and water. Fowl cholera, an acute septicémie disease of poultry, turkeys, waterfowl, and wild birds, is caused by Pasteurella multocida, a gram-negative, bipolar rod (Panigraphy and Glass, 1982) . Herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) Marek's vaccine should be administered to all birds at 1 day of age to prevent the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-022237-qxya4cs3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022237-qxya4cs3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-001221-due9tloa author = nan title = ECR 2014, Part A date = 2014-02-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 107848 sentences = 5493 flesch = 40 summary = In short: obtaining samples for making an accurate diagnosis and also to know more about its specific biology (biomarkers); IR covers any possibility needed for vascular access; percutaneous needle ablation is the best alternative in selected patients; endovascular embolisation with "vehiculisation" of therapies is an outstanding method for selective treatment, and sometimes precise ablation, of different tumors; IR is a unique way to offer palliation in a wide range of tumoral complications, such as embolisation for bleeding, stenting for vein obstructions or drainage of fluid collections. CT may be useful for osteoid osteoma and MRI is the best imaging technique for further diagnosis and staging by displaying tumour composition and extent of bone marrow involvement, including skip lesions, presence and extent of extraosseous soft tissue mass, and involvement of neurovascular bundle, muscle compartments and adjacent joint. cache = ./cache/cord-001221-due9tloa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-001221-due9tloa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269031-sz8ieltb author = Solé, G title = Guidance for the care of neuromuscular patients during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak from the French Rare Health Care for Neuromuscular Diseases Network date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5744 sentences = 245 flesch = 37 summary = Abstract In France, the epidemic phase of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in February 2020 and resulted in the implementation of emergency measures and a degradation in the organization of neuromuscular reference centers. In the context of NM diseases, particular attention must be paid to two experimental COVID-19 treatments, hydroxycholoroquine and azithromycin: risk of exacerbation of myasthenia gravis and QT prolongation in patients with pre-existing cardiac involvement. In France, the epidemic phase of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in February 2020 and resulted in the implementation of emergency measures and a degradation in the organization of neuromuscular reference centers. The main addressed topics pertain to the disease itself, its mode of transmission, the official national public health recommendations to prevent it, the behaviors to adopt in case symptoms appear, and its consequences specific to the neuromuscular patient (e.g., relating to the management of steroids and immunosuppressor treatments, medical appointments, rehabilitation, and 6 ventilation). cache = ./cache/cord-269031-sz8ieltb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269031-sz8ieltb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268168-yzvag38x author = Scolnick, Barbara title = Remission from Chronic Anorexia Nervosa With Ketogenic Diet and Ketamine: Case Report date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4653 sentences = 243 flesch = 53 summary = We report the case of a 29 year-old woman who struggled with severe and enduring anorexia nervosa for 15 years, and experienced a complete recovery following a novel treatment of adopting a ketogenic diet followed by ketamine infusions. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of a ketogenic diet used specifically for the treatment of anorexia nervosa, followed by a short series of titrated IV ketamine infusions leading to complete remission of severe and enduring anorexia nervosa, with weight restoration, and sustained cessation of cognitive and behavioral symptoms, for 6 months. Complete and sustained remission of chronic anorexia nervosa is quite rare, and the novel use of a ketogenic diet and IV ketamine treatment in this potentially lethal condition suggests avenues for further research, and hope for patients and their families. We report a case of severe and chronic AN treated successfully by adopting a ketogenic (KG) diet for 3 months followed by a series of intravenous ketamine infusions. cache = ./cache/cord-268168-yzvag38x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268168-yzvag38x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018620-3kqx8arn author = Rueda, Mario title = Hepatic Failure date = 2016-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13808 sentences = 842 flesch = 44 summary = In this chapter we will discuss the definition, clinical manifestations, workup, and management of acute and chronic liver failure and the general principles of treatment of these patients. Other mechanisms that may explain this symptom include the endogenous opioids theory which proposes that the liver failure patient has elevated opioid levels secondary to decrease clearance and metabolism. Past medical history plays a key role in determining if the patient has chronic liver disease or if they are experiencing an acute failure. A decrease in glutathione levels, enhanced cytochrome P450 activity secondary to medication use, acetaminophen overdose, or decreased liver function from chronic disease make patients more susceptible to developing toxicity. Patients with hepatitis secondary to shock present with several symptoms related to their hemodynamic instability including altered mental status, respiratory distress, severe hypotension, and renal failure. cache = ./cache/cord-018620-3kqx8arn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018620-3kqx8arn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252984-79jzkdu2 author = Bickman, Leonard title = Improving Mental Health Services: A 50-Year Journey from Randomized Experiments to Artificial Intelligence and Precision Mental Health date = 2020-07-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 35534 sentences = 1845 flesch = 50 summary = I describe five principal causes of this failure, which I attribute primarily, but not solely, to methodological limitations of RCTs. Lastly, I make the case for why I think AI and the parallel movement of precision medicine embody approaches that are needed to augment, but probably not replace, our current research and development efforts in the field of mental health services. (1) harmonize terminology and specify MBC's core components; (2) develop criterion standard methods for monitoring fidelity and reporting quality of implementation; (3) develop algorithms for MBC to guide psychotherapy; (4) test putative mechanisms of change, particularly for psychotherapy; (5) develop brief and psychometrically strong measures for use in combination; (6) assess the critical timing of administration needed to optimize patient outcomes; (7) streamline measurement feedback systems to include only key ingredients and enhance electronic health record interoperability; (8) identify discrete strategies to support implementation; (9) make evidence-based policy decisions; and (10) align reimbursement structures. cache = ./cache/cord-252984-79jzkdu2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252984-79jzkdu2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275427-00bwhaga author = Aydogdu, Ugur title = The determination of treatment effect of chitosan oligosaccharide in lambs with experimentally cryptosporidiosis date = 2019-11-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5218 sentences = 264 flesch = 56 summary = Abstract In this study, it was aimed to investigate the efficacy of chitosan oligosaccharide administrations in different doses of experimental infected lambs with Cryptosporidium parvum. As a result, in lambs with experimental cryptosporidiosis, chitosan oligosaccharide improved in clinical signs and stool character shorter than the positive control group and the administration of chitosan oligosaccharide at doses of 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg for 7 days significantly reduced oocyst excretion but not enough to remove cryptosporidiosis completely. parvum in in vitro studies, we hypothesized that oral chitosan administration may be used in the treatment of lambs with experimentally cryptosporidiosis. The aim of this study was to determine the treatment efficacy of oral chitosan oligosaccharide in lambs with experimental cryptosporidiosis. According to the findings of this study, the use of chitosan oligosaccharide to be used in the treatment of experimental cryptosporidiosis at doses of 100 and/or 500 mg/kg was found to provide an earlier reduction in oocyst excretion compared to 1000 mg/kg dose. cache = ./cache/cord-275427-00bwhaga.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275427-00bwhaga.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023528-z9rc0ubj author = Wilkins, Pamela A. title = Disorders of Foals date = 2009-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 42569 sentences = 2235 flesch = 44 summary = First, restriction of the thorax or the abdomen can result in impaired ventilation, which can occur easily when one restrains a foal and may result in spuriously abnormal arterial blood gas values (see the discussion on arterial blood gas evaluation, Respiratory Diseases Associated with Hypoxemia in the Neonate). Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), currently referred to as neonatal encephalopathy in the human literature, is one systemic manifestation of a broader syndrome of perinatal asphyxia syndrome (PAS), and management of foals with signs consistent with a diagnosis of HIE requires the clinician to examine other body systems fully and to provide therapy directed at treating other involved systems. Therapy for the various manifestations of hypoxiaischemia involves control of seizures, general cerebral support, correction of metabolic abnormalities, maintenance of normal arterial blood gas values, maintenance of tissue perfusion, maintenance of renal function, treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction, prevention and recognition and early treatment of secondary infections, and general supportive care. cache = ./cache/cord-023528-z9rc0ubj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023528-z9rc0ubj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-104431-3rblzyry author = Hill, Andrew title = Minimum costs to manufacture new treatments for COVID-19 date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5494 sentences = 336 flesch = 56 summary = RESULTS: Minimum estimated costs of production were US $0.93/day for remdesivir, $1.45/day for favipiravir, $0.08/day for hydroxychloroquine, $0.02/day for chloroquine, $0.10/day for azithromycin, $0.28/day for lopinavir/ritonavir, $0.39/day for sofosbuvir/daclatasvir and $1.09/day for pirfenidone. large donor organisations such as the global Fund for aiDs, TB and Malaria (gFaTM) and the President's emergency Plan for aiDs relief (PePFar) order drugs to treat >20 million people with hiV, at prices close to the cost of production [20, 21] . We used all available costing data for each drug aPi found on Panjiva, excluding shipments <1kg in size, alongside the lowest and highest 15% of results based on prices per kg. Minimum costs to manufacture new treatments for cOViD-19 67 Different dosing protocols are being used for hydroxychloroquine, including 600 mg daily in the small, open-label, non-randomised French study by gautret et al. cache = ./cache/cord-104431-3rblzyry.txt txt = ./txt/cord-104431-3rblzyry.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029150-e242o2ml author = Du, Jiang title = Expert consensus on the prevention and treatment of substance use and addictive behaviour-related disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4256 sentences = 187 flesch = 32 summary = In early 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak complicated the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with substance use disorders and increased the risks of substance abuse and addictive behaviours, such as online gaming disorders, in the general public. It also adversely impacts the mental state of the general public in several ways and leads to broader symptoms, including anxiety, tension and insomnia, that may increase the risk of alcohol abuse, sedative and hypnotic drug abuse, and other addictive behaviours. 2 3 It is also of utmost importance to ensure the continuous, regular and effective treatment of existing patients with addiction problems, reduce the risk of drug relapse and prevent new cases of addiction during the pandemic. The screening of addictive substance use, prevention and education for clinic patients, as well as the timely identification, diagnosis and treatment of related mental and behavioural problems may all occur under stressful conditions. cache = ./cache/cord-029150-e242o2ml.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029150-e242o2ml.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-193947-vcm3v0ix author = Pollmann, Michael title = Causal Inference for Spatial Treatments date = 2020-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 27979 sentences = 1791 flesch = 50 summary = Even when the differences in levels between inner and outer ring are differenced out with individual fixed effects in panel data, the parallel trends assumption is particularly strong in spatial treatment settings. With individuals and treatment locations distributed across space, a large number of covariates, such as population density or average income at different distances, are predictive of both outcomes and treatment assignment probabilities. In the ideal spatial experiment considered in this section, treatment is randomized similar to a completely randomized experiment across regions with outcomes aggregated within regions (and distance bins).Ë�( ) ( ) is the variance of aggregated treated potential outcomes,Ë�( 0) ( ) is the variance of aggregated control potential outcomes, and ( ) ( ) resembles a variance of treatment effects, such thatË�( ) ( ) +Ë�( 0) ( ) â�� ( ) ( ) resembles the variance of the difference in means under repeated sampling of fixed individuals but varying treatment assignment, the framework of this paper. cache = ./cache/cord-193947-vcm3v0ix.txt txt = ./txt/cord-193947-vcm3v0ix.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023165-f6o6owg3 author = NAVARRE, CHRISTINE B. title = Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System date = 2009-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 24560 sentences = 1604 flesch = 55 summary = The most important reason for examining feces in sheep and goats is to determine the presence and relative number of nematode parasites infesting an animal or flock. Clinical signs of frothy bloat and free gas bloat from either food intake or physical obstruction of the esophagus are usually more severe and immediately life-threatening than bloat seen from rumen wall diseases and systemic influences. Rumen acidosis usually occurs in animals that have been fed predominantly forage-based rations and are suddenly given access to large amounts of highly fermentable concentrates or concentrated forms of energy. Table 4 -2 lists the agents most likely to cause diarrhea in lambs and kids, tissues or other samples required for diagnosis, and commonly employed test methods. Liver abscesses usually occur as a result of chronic rumenitis in cattle, but they are rare in sheep and goats. F. hepatica infestation usually causes acute disease in sheep and goats but can present as a chronic condition. cache = ./cache/cord-023165-f6o6owg3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023165-f6o6owg3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023168-cd7adns8 author = Thachil, Jecko title = Haematological Diseases in the Tropics date = 2013-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 30224 sentences = 1724 flesch = 44 summary = The most useful laboratory measure of iron status Low value is diagnostic in the presence of anaemia Very high values (>100 µg/L) usually exclude iron deficiency' Being an acute-phase protein, it increases in inflammatory conditions, and certain malignancies, making it unreliable Also increased in tissue damage especially of the liver Levels are falsely decreased in vitamin C deficiency and hypothyroidism Erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin An intermediate in haem biosynthesis and elevated concentrations indicate interrupted haem synthesis due to iron deficiency when zinc is incorporated in place of iron Can be measured on a drop of blood with a portable haematofluorometer Small sample size makes it very useful as a screening test in field surveys, particularly in children, and pregnant women where inflammatory states may not co-exist Red cells should be washed before measurement (serum bilirubin and fluorescent compounds like some drugs can give falsely high values) although not often done Lead poisoning can give falsely high values Rarely acute myeloid leukaemia and sideroblastic anaemia give slightly high values Useful in that it is not increased in thalassaemias WHO recommends normal level >70 µmol/mol haem Iron studies Serum iron concentration represents the iron entering and leaving the circulation. cache = ./cache/cord-023168-cd7adns8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023168-cd7adns8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022582-2e9i3m4b author = Potsic, William P. title = Otolaryngologic Disorders date = 2012-03-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 16047 sentences = 956 flesch = 48 summary = When fluid persists in the middle ear for 3 to 4 months, causing a hearing loss or is associated with ASOM, myringotomy and tympanostomy tube placement is helpful to resolve the hearing loss and reduce the frequency and severity of infection. In addition to antibiotics, treatment should include a wide field myringotomy from the anterior inferior quadrant to the posterior inferior quadrant, a tympanostomy tube placement for middle ear drainage, and a postauricular mastoidectomy to drain the subperiosteal abscess and the mastoid. These infections may be caused by a variety of viral and bacterial pathogens; and in addition to sore throat, symptoms include fever, mucopurulent nasal drainage, nasal obstruction, and facial pain. Symptoms typically appear at birth or soon thereafter and include inspiratory stridor, feeding difficulties, and, rarely, apnea or signs of severe airway obstruction. Children afflicted with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis present initially with hoarseness but may also have symptoms and signs of airway obstruction, including stridor. cache = ./cache/cord-022582-2e9i3m4b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022582-2e9i3m4b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279294-ruqednj6 author = Lin, Dong D. title = Chemotherapy Treatment Modifications During the COVID-19 Outbreak at a Community Cancer Center in New York City date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3235 sentences = 176 flesch = 43 summary = [8] [9] [10] The COVID-19 cases started to increase exponentially in New York City in early March, and we witnessed the fear and its impact on both patients with cancer and providers, who started to make recommendations on chemotherapy regimen modifications. The senior author (Y.X.) interviewed each of the five medical oncologists to gather the following information on every patient: cancer type; nature of treatment and status of disease: metastatic, adjuvant or primary treatment; treatment regimen; modification(s) made; who-provider or patient-initiated the modifications; and the reason for not offering modifications, if applicable. In the face of the coronavirus pandemic at a community cancer center in New York City, we wanted to know how often chemotherapy schedules were modified and what the key factors were that influenced the decision-making process. Overall, our study revealed that as many as 56.4% of all patients and approximately 40% of patients taking curative treatments received treatment modifications in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic in our community cancer center. cache = ./cache/cord-279294-ruqednj6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279294-ruqednj6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263189-5ukn2xbr author = Di Girolamo, Nicola title = Medical and Surgical Emergencies in Ferrets date = 2016-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4791 sentences = 320 flesch = 42 summary = 14 Emergency treatment of hypocalcemic seizures is managed by CRI administration of calcium gluconate at 2 to 3 mg/kg/h, with continuous ECG monitoring controlling for bradycardia, ventricular premature complexes/contractions, or shortening of the QT interval (Fig. 8) . 27 However, in the author's clinical experience, transfusion is safely performed even with blood samples obtained from the cranial vena cava with a 23-G needle and use of a 170-mm clot filter (Fig. 13) . Human chorionic gonadotropin (100 IU) Medroxyprogesterone (15 mg) Proligestone (40 mg) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 20 mg/kg) Long-term depot GnRH agonists (4.7 mg deslorelin acetate [Suprelorin, Virbac]) Hyperestrogenism from adrenal hyperplasia or neoplasia Current therapies for adrenal disease in ferrets include medical and/or surgical treatment. Systemic hypertension may be associated with CHF and renal disease, and blood pressure should be closely monitored in ferrets with cardiac disorders (Fig. 41, Video 6 ). Constant rate infusion of glucagon as an emergency treatment for hypoglycemia in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) cache = ./cache/cord-263189-5ukn2xbr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263189-5ukn2xbr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271436-h1xuhm1c author = Schleider, Jessica L. title = Retiring, Rethinking, and Reconstructing the Norm of Once-Weekly Psychotherapy date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2481 sentences = 140 flesch = 42 summary = However, repositioning evidencebased weekly therapy as one of many treatment options, and improving the availability of additional, diverse evidencebased service types, may strengthen the accessibility, flexibility, and potentially the effectiveness of mental health treatment overall. Other trials indicate that an 8-day, 20-h treatment involving cognitive-behavioral techniquesincluding interoceptive exposures and psycho-educationcan reduce symptoms of specific phobia, social phobia, 1 In the present article, we focus our discussion on outpatient mental health services, given the numerous structural and practical differences between inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment options for individuals. Indeed, large-scale trials and systematic reviews of treatments for anxiety disorders, depression, and behavior problems indicate that non-weekly interventions-from self-guided supports to brief, one-session treatments to concentrated, week-long interventions-can yield benefits approximately equivalent to once-weekly evidence-based psychotherapy, both for youths and adults (Beevers et al. cache = ./cache/cord-271436-h1xuhm1c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271436-h1xuhm1c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255460-r5p5helx author = Aggarwal, Sadhna title = Drug repurposing for breast cancer therapy: Old weapon for new battle date = 2019-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7318 sentences = 420 flesch = 42 summary = A phase III clinical trial 'Breast Cancer Trial of Oral Everolimus-2 (BOLERO-2)' that included everolimus in combination with exemestane was successfully completed in 2012 leading to the approval of everolimus by US FDA for the treatment of HR + , HER2 − advanced metastatic cancers that are resistant to letrozole or anastrazole [125, 126] . Docetaxel and paclitaxel are used as neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy as single agent or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of early, advanced and metastatic breast cancer in pre-and postmenopausal women. We thus conclude that comprehensive approach of selecting the most appropriate gene-protein-pathway-target-drug modeling via integration of system biology and bioinformatics holds the high potential of providing more efficient, safer and cost-effective chemotherapeutics for treatment of even the most stringent forms of breast cancer (metastatic and triple negative). cache = ./cache/cord-255460-r5p5helx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255460-r5p5helx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262115-kdeynhzq author = Opgenorth, Julie title = Colostrum supplementation with n-3 fatty acids alters plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory mediators in newborn calves date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7491 sentences = 419 flesch = 59 summary = Our objective was to determine the dose response to fish and flaxseed oil when supplemented in colostrum on concentrations of plasma fatty acid (FA), FA metabolites, and index of oxidative stress during the critical first week of life in calves to understand how supplementing n-3 FA may decrease oxidative stress. In conclusion, supplementing colostrum with 30, 60, and 120 mL of a 1:1 mixture of fish and flaxseed oil linearly increased plasma concentrations of n-3 FA and metabolites and decreased biomarkers of oxidative stress, but did not alter oxidant status or affect health or growth. Increasing doses of 30, 60, and 120 mL of 1:1 fish: flaxseed oil blend supplemented in colostrum did not affect health or growth in calves, decreased phospholipid n-6 FA: n -3 FA profile, increased free and phospholipid n-3 FA concentrations, and increased several oxylipids deriving from n-3 FA during the first week of life. cache = ./cache/cord-262115-kdeynhzq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262115-kdeynhzq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005105-twsy61oq author = nan title = SIU 2015 Abstracts date = 2015-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 124096 sentences = 7584 flesch = 54 summary = Th e present study is based on a retrospective analysis of a database of over 600 patients (age range 17-57 years) who met the consensus criteria for bacterial prostatitis, 75% of whom had dysuria, 35% perineal discomfort, 60% had obstructive luts, 37% infertility of unknown etiology, 10% erectile dysfunction and 25% recurrent infection of the partner. Further research is needed to determine to assess whether localization of small volume disease on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT can improve diagnostic algorithms and outcomes in patients with recurrent PCa. Introduction and Objective: To assess long-term results of salvage pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) in prostate cancer (PC) patients (pts) with biochemical recurrence aft er primary local treatment and confi rmed solitary lymph node (LN) metastases. cache = ./cache/cord-005105-twsy61oq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005105-twsy61oq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-021555-rrverrsj author = Delano, Margaret L. title = Biology and Diseases of Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, and Cattle date = 2007-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 71765 sentences = 5075 flesch = 49 summary = These references also provide information regarding vaccination products licensed for use in ruminants and typical herd and flock vaccination parasite control schedules ("Current Veterinary Therapy," 1986 , 1999 "Council report," 1994; "Large Animal Internal Medicine," 1996; Smith and Sherman, 1994) When designing a vaccination program during qualification of a source or at the research facility, it is important to evaluate the local disease incidence and the potential for exposure. Clinical signs in chronic cases in older animals, such as adult goats, include soft stools, weight loss, anorexia, depression, and severe diarrhea, sometimes with mucus and blood. This pathogen does present a complication due to the carrier status of some animals, the likelihood of herd outbreaks, the severity of disease in younger animals, and the morbidity, possible progression to uveitis, and time and treatment costs associated with infections. cache = ./cache/cord-021555-rrverrsj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-021555-rrverrsj.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269975-1ebmq7t8 author = Duplantier, Allen J. title = Combating biothreat pathogens: ongoing efforts for countermeasure development and unique challenges date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12963 sentences = 580 flesch = 32 summary = None of the filoviruses or henipaviruses has any FDA-approved therapeutics or vaccines available for prevention or treatment of human disease, and while ribavirin is sometimes used to treat Lassa fever, it is not a terribly effective drug against this viral infection [28] . Many of the therapeutics that are in different stages of either preclinical or clinical development for select biothreat pathogens include small molecule antivirals (Tables 7.3 and 7.4), antibody (or antibody cocktails) against viruses or bacteria/virulence factors (Table 7 .5), and combination drug therapy (Table 7 .6). Although no FDA-approved HDT therapies are yet available for treating infectious diseases, we have summarized in this section the antimicrobial Primary screening of small molecule chemical libraries in the phenotypic HCI assay will identify compounds that inhibit pathogen infection as well as those that may contribute to cellular toxicity. cache = ./cache/cord-269975-1ebmq7t8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269975-1ebmq7t8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265848-afkeuwup author = nan title = Chapter 2 Emergency Management of Poisoning date = 2007-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 27412 sentences = 1589 flesch = 39 summary = With the use of drugs having a short duration of action, RSI also is advantageous because it is a measure that permits temporary airway control for the patient with mildly compromised airway reflexes who requires gastrointestinal decontamination (lavage followed by activated charcoal administration) but who does not require prolonged intubation. The management of gastrointestinal disturbance in the toxic patient includes following the general principles of blood, fluid, and electrolyte resuscitation, when indicated; judicious use of parenteral antiemetics to control persistent vomiting; specific measures such as antidotal therapy (e.g., in iron or organophosphate poisoning); or interventional therapy, such as charcoal hemoperfusion (in theophylline overdose) or hemodialysis (in lithium overdose), when indicated. cache = ./cache/cord-265848-afkeuwup.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265848-afkeuwup.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282446-01lu7sce author = Stokholm, Jakob title = Azithromycin for episodes with asthma-like symptoms in young children aged 1–3 years: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial date = 2015-12-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5309 sentences = 250 flesch = 47 summary = [3] [4] [5] We discovered in our birth cohort, the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2000 (COPSAC 2000 ; a previous birth cohort of children born to mothers with asthma), that airway bacteria (Haemophilus infl uenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis) and respiratory viruses (at least one of picornavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, parainfl uenzavirus, infl uenza virus, human metapneumovirus, adenovirus, or bocavirus) are equally closely associated with episodes of asthma-like symptoms in the fi rst 3 years of life. 4 We did a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of azithromycin for treatment of episodes of troublesome lung symptoms in young children who were followed up prospectively in our new unselected Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 (COPSAC 2010 ) birth cohort. This study is, to our knowledge, the fi rst randomised controlled trial of azithromycin treatment of acute episodes of asthma-like symptoms in children aged 1-3 years with a history of recurrent episodes and its fi ndings show a clinically signifi cant shortening of symptom duration by 63% after intervention. cache = ./cache/cord-282446-01lu7sce.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282446-01lu7sce.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282147-oq30pax6 author = Morris, Chad D. title = Nicotine and Opioids: a Call for Co-treatment as the Standard of Care date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6610 sentences = 390 flesch = 44 summary = There are a number of oft cited barriers to addressing smoking in treatment settings including concerns that 1 agency census levels and completion rates will drop, 2 tobacco users will be less likely to seek addiction treatment, 3 patients are neither interested in tobacco cessation nor able to successfully quit tobacco, 4 patients will relapse to alcohol or drug use if they attempted to quit tobacco, 5 tobacco-free policies will be difficult to enforce, 6 clinicians lack the skills to effectively treat tobacco dependence, and 7 clinicians have too many competing demands preventing attention to smoking cessation. Additionally, regardless of the screening and brief intervention model employed, establishing a SUD patient registry, which includes both opioids and nicotine use, within a practice-based research and/or health care network allows for better data aggregation, patient identification, and stratification to appropriate treatment levels. cache = ./cache/cord-282147-oq30pax6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282147-oq30pax6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010980-sizuef1v author = nan title = ECTES Abstracts 2020 date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 132644 sentences = 8727 flesch = 53 summary = We hypothesized that presentation to a PTC would yield increased mortality when subspecialty intervention was required and that this would be most pronounced at night when in-house attending coverage is absent at all state PTCs. Materials and methods: A review of the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcome Study (PTOS) database was performed to capture patients aged 12-18 who underwent any non-orthopedic trauma surgery. Traumatic subaxial cervical fractures: functional prognostic factors and survival analysis Introduction: The main goal of this study is to identify the risk factors for poor functional outcomes and to analyze the overall survival (OS) and complications rate in patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) and subaxial cervical fracture (SACF) treated with open surgical fixation. After applying a multiple imputation on all the study variables, a logistic regression generalized estimating equation after adjustment for age, sex, mechanism of trauma, and the injury severity score as covariates and hospitals as a cluster assessed an association between quartile of patient volume in intensive care unit and hospital mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266147-s8rxzm0t author = Burnouf, Thierry title = Modern Plasma Fractionation date = 2007-03-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8805 sentences = 442 flesch = 39 summary = Modern plasma product production technology remains largely based on the ethanol fractionation process, but much has evolved in the last few years to improve product purity, to enhance the recovery of immunoglobulin G, and to isolate new plasma proteins, such as α1-protease inhibitor, von Willebrand factor, and protein C. A complete set of measures-and, most particularly, the use of dedicated viral inactivation and removal treatments-has been implemented throughout the production chain of fractionated plasma products over the last 20 years to ensure optimal safety, in particular, and not exclusively, against HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus. In the last few years, the complexity of the fractionation process has increased by (a) the introduction of chromatography to isolate new proteins from existing fractions such as cryoprecipitate, cryo-poor plasma, and Cohn fractions; (b) the integration of chromatography to the ethanol fractionation process to increase IgG recovery; and (c) the implementation of dedicated viral inactivation or removal steps. cache = ./cache/cord-266147-s8rxzm0t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266147-s8rxzm0t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281561-r10y2sgb author = Tiwari, Nidhi title = Novel β-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): Current and Future Aspects of Pharmacological Treatments date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6877 sentences = 384 flesch = 45 summary = Another invitro study reported that Ribavirin, analogue of guanosine nucleotide having wide spectrum of antiviral activity, used along with LPV/RTV to treat SARS-COV-2 viral infection in china (ChiCTR2000029387) . reported remdesivir shows possible efficacy better as compared to placebo group in hospitalized patients for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 virus. The effectiveness and safety concern of darunavir/cobicistat combination is being evaluated under development of clinical trials phase 3 by enrolling 30 COVID-19 patients and estimated completion of study on December 31, 2020. Recently, retrospective cohort study showed high dose of anakinra (5 mg/kg, BD,iv) produces beneficial and efficacious effects in 72% Covid-19 infected patients associated with ARDS (Cavalli et al., 2020) . Based on case study of patients with SARS-CoV2 infection and also confirmed severe pneumonia and ARDS treated with i.v. infusion of eculizumab along with anticoagulant therapy (Enoxaparin 4000 IU/day s.c), antiviral therapy (LPV 800 mg/day + RTV 200 mg/day), hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/day, ceftriaxone 2 g/day IV, vitamin C 6 g/day for 4 days. cache = ./cache/cord-281561-r10y2sgb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281561-r10y2sgb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022653-qa1uph35 author = nan title = Poster Discussion Session PDS date = 2017-08-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 58292 sentences = 3300 flesch = 53 summary = 0206 | G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) regulates endothelial permeability induced by Bradykinin 0208 | Pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of c1 esterase inhibitor of chronic urticaria challenges most commonly identified were the following: time of onset of disease; frequency/duration of and provoking factors for wheals; diurnal variation; occurrence in relation to weekends, holidays, and foreign travel; shape, size, and distribution of wheals; associated angioedema; associated subjective symptoms of lesions; family and personal history regarding urticaria, atopy; previous or current allergies, infections, internal diseases, or other possible causes; psychosomatic and psychiatric diseases; surgical implantations and events during surgery; gastric/ intestinal problems; induction by physical agents or exercise; use of drugs; food allergies; relationship to the menstrual cycle; smoking habits; type of work, hobbies; stress; quality of life and emotional impact; previous therapy and response to therapy, and previous diagnostic procedures/results. cache = ./cache/cord-022653-qa1uph35.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022653-qa1uph35.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274121-3w6kc0c9 author = Ramiro, Sofia title = Historically controlled comparison of glucocorticoids with or without tocilizumab versus supportive care only in patients with COVID-19-associated cytokine storm syndrome: results of the CHIC study date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5757 sentences = 267 flesch = 47 summary = Objectives To prospectively investigate in patients with severe coVid-19-associated cytokine storm syndrome (css) whether an intensive course of glucocorticoids with or without tocilizumab accelerates clinical improvement, reduces mortality and prevents invasive mechanical ventilation, in comparison with a historic control group of patients who received supportive care only. Objectives To prospectively investigate in patients with severe coVid-19-associated cytokine storm syndrome (css) whether an intensive course of glucocorticoids with or without tocilizumab accelerates clinical improvement, reduces mortality and prevents invasive mechanical ventilation, in comparison with a historic control group of patients who received supportive care only. ► A strategy involving a course of high-dose glucocorticoids, followed by tocilizumab if needed, has shown to accelerate respiratory recovery, lower hospital mortality and reduce the likelihood of invasive mechanical ventilation compared with supportive care only in COVID-19-associated CSS. cache = ./cache/cord-274121-3w6kc0c9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274121-3w6kc0c9.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261221-9qlndtuo author = Kim, Hwan Soo title = Efficacy of glucocorticoids for the treatment of macrolide refractory mycoplasma pneumonia in children: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials date = 2019-12-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3360 sentences = 201 flesch = 40 summary = Study selection The study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist and selected randomized control trials which compared the efficacy of glucocorticoids add-on to macrolide in the treatment of MRMP in children. The following inclusion criteria were applied: (1) randomized control trial (RCT) which compare the efficacy of glucocorticoids add-on to macrolide alone in children with MRMP, (2) MRMP which was diagnosed with serology or polymerase chain reaction, and that refractories were defined clinically, (3) only included children < 18 years of age, and (4) outcome measures with hospital days, fever duration, and level of C-reactive protein (CRP) change. The estimated mean effect of glucocorticoid add-on treatment on hospital days, fever duration, and change in C-reactive protein (CRP) and the associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted or calculated for the 24 studies included in the meta-analysis with Review Manager 5.3 (The Cochrane Collaboration, London, United Kingdom). cache = ./cache/cord-261221-9qlndtuo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261221-9qlndtuo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291417-p49ukyhx author = Mikulska, Malgorzata title = Tocilizumab and steroid treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4441 sentences = 219 flesch = 44 summary = METHODS: This observational single-center study included patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who were not intubated and received either standard of care (SOC, controls) or SOC plus early (within 3 days from hospital admission) anti-inflammatory treatment. This observational single-center study included patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who were not intubated and received either standard of care (SOC, controls) or SOC plus early (within 3 days from hospital admission) anti-inflammatory treatment. We hypothesized that outcomes such as no need for intubation and survival of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia in whom tocilizumab and/or methylprednisolone were administered in addition to standard of care (SOC) could be better than in those who received only SOC. In this observational study in non-intubated patients with mainly severe COVID-19 pneumonia, the early addition of tocilizumab and/or methylprednisolone to SOC resulted in adjusted failure-free survival of 86.5% and 80.8% at day 14 and 30, which was, respectively, 10.7% and 16.7% higher than in SOC patients. cache = ./cache/cord-291417-p49ukyhx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291417-p49ukyhx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269776-hj1s3ipp author = Agostoni, Angelo title = Hereditary and acquired angioedema: Problems and progress: Proceedings of the third C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency workshop and beyond date = 2004-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 49824 sentences = 2688 flesch = 44 summary = Concerning HAE-I and HAE-II, just as variations in serum concentrations of APP appear to determine which individuals in a normal population develop angioedema with a second perturbation of kinin metabolism, such as the use of ACE inhibitors, 96 it could be speculated that variations in either kinin activation or inactivation pathways might contribute to the differences in severity of angioedema in individuals with a pre-existing perturbation in kinin metabolism, such as a mutation in C1-INH (as occurs in HAE). 13, 14, 27 This increase in plasma bradykinin was demonstrated both for patients with HAE with C1-INH deficiency and for patients with drug-associated angioedema who had an angioedematous attack in conjunction with ACE inhibitor treatment. The patient's daughter had recurrent skin angioedema and gastrointestinal pain attacks since age 12 years; therefore, with a normal C1-INH concentration and activity in both mother and daughter, a diagnosis of HAE type III was assumed. cache = ./cache/cord-269776-hj1s3ipp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269776-hj1s3ipp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024893-pd67o7l8 author = Li, Lanjuan title = Translation: Expert Consensus on the Application of Artificial Liver Blood Purification System in the Treatment of Severe and Critical COVID-19: National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1333 sentences = 80 flesch = 46 summary = title: Translation: Expert Consensus on the Application of Artificial Liver Blood Purification System in the Treatment of Severe and Critical COVID-19: National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Led by Academician Lanjuan Li, based on the experience of treating patients across the country, integrating the opinions of experts from all over the country, the center summarized and formulated the consensus including the basic principles, treatment indications, relative contraindications, mode selection, monitoring indicators, and efficacy evaluation of artificial liver, which provides reference for treatment of severe COVID-19 patients. Studies have shown that the artificial liver support system (ALSS) can remove inflammatory factors and block the "cytokine storm", thus reducing damage to the body caused by the inflammatory response, which is of great value for the treatment of severe and critical patients. cache = ./cache/cord-024893-pd67o7l8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024893-pd67o7l8.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288935-uwpkb6lm author = Cavaliere, Giulia title = Non-essential treatment? Sub-fertility in the time of COVID-19 (and beyond) date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2019 sentences = 95 flesch = 47 summary = But -and there is a 'but' to all this -for fertility patients and those longing to have (their own, genetically related) children, questioning the social value of fertility treatments, and what is, to them their preferred parenthood project, may come across as disregarding something that they feel very strongly about. While I would argue that it is important to question the social value of genetic relatedness and mitigate the negative effects that social norms can have on women and couples, I have also strong normative and conceptual views on the need to protect and promote prospective parents' reproductive freedom and enable them to satisfy their preferred parenthood project. Framing fertility treatments as 'essential' and a priority for the state during a pandemic, and increasing funding in normal times may lend support to the view that having a genetically related child is indeed the only valuable way of becoming a parent. cache = ./cache/cord-288935-uwpkb6lm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288935-uwpkb6lm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291697-wpnq9wc0 author = Riechelmann, Rachel P title = Evidence-based recommendations for gastrointestinal cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic by the Brazilian Gastrointestinal Tumours Group date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5855 sentences = 390 flesch = 44 summary = RESULTS: Overall and tumour-specific recommendations were made by stage (including surgical, locoregional, radiotherapy, systemic treatments and follow-up strategies) for the most common gastrointestinal malignancies: esophagus, gastric, pancreas, bile duct, hepatocellular, colorectal, anal cancer and neuroendocrine tumours. All the recommendations proposed in this manuscript, besides being evidencebased, aimed at the following objectives: (1) to prioritise curative-intent cancer treatments during the pandemic; (2) to support the treatment of aggressive tumours when effective therapies are available; (3) to decrease the number of or delay oncological non-priority surgeries; (4) to decrease hospital visits (e.g., substitute intravenous for similarly effective oral drugs; propose when and to whom treatments delays/ interruption/watchful waiting can be offered); (5) to minimise anticancer therapy-related immunosuppression in specific high-risk groups (here defined as: elderly, comorbid illnesses [especially diabetes, cardiovascular and/or pulmonary concurrent diseases], fragility, ECOG 2 or higher). cache = ./cache/cord-291697-wpnq9wc0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291697-wpnq9wc0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292454-xa80078x author = Nazari, Nabi title = Transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders in people with multiple sclerosis: randomized controlled trial date = 2020-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5573 sentences = 341 flesch = 41 summary = The assessment protocol included semi-structured clinical interviews and self-reports evaluating diagnostic criteria, depression, anxiety and worry symptoms, emotional dysregulation, and affectivity. RESULTS: The parametric test of analysis of covariance, followed the intent to treat analyses, revealed the unified protocol significantly changed depression symptoms (Cohen's d = 1.9), anxiety symptoms (Cohen's d = 2.16), worry symptoms (Cohen's d = 1.27), emotion dysregulation (Cohen's d = 0.44), positive affect (Cohen's d = 1.51), and negative affect (Cohen's d = 1.89) compared with the control group. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of a group format of the unified protocol for the transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders and symptoms in adult PwMS. The results revealed that PwMS, who participated in the unified protocol intervention group, demonstrated significant improvements in depressive and anxiety and worry emotion regulation, and affectivity outcomes at post-treatment compared with those who participated in the TAU group. cache = ./cache/cord-292454-xa80078x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292454-xa80078x.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034340-3ksfpaf7 author = nan title = Proceedings of the 26th European Paediatric Rheumatology Congress: part 2: Virtual. 23 - 26 September 2020 date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 35088 sentences = 2148 flesch = 49 summary = Objectives: The current study was undertaken to evaluate sociodemographic and sociocultural features, parent behavior, the gestation and breastfeeding period, nutritional status of early childhood in our patients with JIA, and to determine their relationship with disease activity, damage index, remission time, and relapse rate. Methods: In the present study were included data 170 JIA(55 boys and 115 girls)aged from 2 to 17 years,who received scheduled vaccination before the age of 2 years and before JIA onset against measles,parotitis,diphtheria and rubella.Incomplete vaccination means the reduced number of vaccine to age.In all patients the Ig G anti-vaccine antibodies levels were detected with ELISA.JIA categories were:oligoarthritis -73,polyarthritis -61,systemic-16 and enthesitisrelated arthritis-20.Data presented with median and 25%>75% Results: Incomplete vaccination against MMR was in 50 (42%)diphtheria in 85 (50%) of the JIA patients. cache = ./cache/cord-034340-3ksfpaf7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034340-3ksfpaf7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262551-hxhlhb5m author = van der Gronde, Toon title = Toward a New Model of Understanding, Preventing, and Treating Adolescent Depression Focusing on Exhaustion and Stress date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5752 sentences = 319 flesch = 42 summary = CONCLUSIONS: We propose to open up a symptom-based, mood-centered view to a model in which adolescent depression is framed as a consecutive failure of stress coping mechanisms and chronic exhaustion. We offer an alternative integrated approach for the treatment of adolescent and young adult depression by focusing on stress factors and exhaustion reduction, seeing anhedonia and withdrawal as an evolutionary coping mechanism. Reframing depression and shifting clinical practice to a more comprehensive and integrated look at the individual experience of a patient, including all causes for stress, pressure, and exhaustion, might be more helpful in developing promising treatment strategies. Using a combination of treatment modalities could increase therapeutic effectiveness by improving the pace of learning new coping behaviors, exerting a synergistic impact on the developmental perspective, and breaking the downward spiral of stress and exhaustion, which eventually leads to a reduction of the depression symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-262551-hxhlhb5m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262551-hxhlhb5m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289457-06gwrpu0 author = Berth, Sarah H. title = Secondary Causes of Myositis date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3811 sentences = 233 flesch = 29 summary = The term "myositis" is often used interchangeably with "idiopathic inflammatory myopathy" (IIM), referring to primary autoimmune diseases of muscle including dermatomyositis, inclusion body myositis (IBM), antisynthetase syndrome, and necrotizing autoimmune myopathy [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] . Another case series of three patients with dermatomyositis-associated cGVHD showed improvement with immunosuppression via combination treatment of corticosteroids, tacrolimus, rituximab, mycophenolate mofetil, and/or IVIG [43] . Patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis that underwent intensive aerobic exercise combined with resistance training in a randomized controlled trial have improved muscle function, quality of life, and possible reduced disease activity [89] . A pilot study of 20 patients with refractory dermatomyositis or polymyositis using abatacept found that almost half of their patients showed reduced disease activity and improved muscle performance after treatment for 6 months [98] , and there is now a phase III, randomized, double-blind trial to further evaluate abatacept for myositis treatment (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02971683). cache = ./cache/cord-289457-06gwrpu0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289457-06gwrpu0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294593-mh1uh1b3 author = Boloori, Alireza title = Misalignment of Stakeholder Incentives in the Opioid Crisis date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6457 sentences = 305 flesch = 41 summary = Some of these issues include the inefficacy of conventional payment mechanisms in providing incentives for providers, practice guidelines in pain management that are not easily implementable across different medical specialties, barriers in adopting multi-modal pain management strategies, low capacity of providers/treatments to address opioid/substance use disorders, the complexity of addressing the co-occurrence of chronic pain and opioid use disorders, and patients' non-adherence to opioid substitution treatments. These include the implementation of prescription drug monitoring programs [54, 55] , statewide Medicaid program initiatives such as coordinated care organizations [56] [57] [58] , educational outreach and academic detailing for providers [59] [60] [61] , advances in medicine/surgery that lower post-surgical dependence on narcotics [62, 63] , the fentanyl patch-for-patch program [64] , pharmacy consult intervention [65] , quality measure development and/or quality improvement [66] , using data analytics to predict the risk of overdose [67] , and schedule change of opioid analgesics [68] . cache = ./cache/cord-294593-mh1uh1b3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294593-mh1uh1b3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283287-073r80s7 author = Farhoudian, Ali title = COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorders: Recommendations to a Comprehensive Healthcare Response. An International Society of Addiction Medicine Practice and Policy Interest Group Position Paper date = 2020-04-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8134 sentences = 434 flesch = 44 summary = People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) are a marginalized and stigmatized group with weaker immunity responses, vulnerability to stress, poor health conditions, high-risk behaviors, and lower access to health care services. In this paper, an international group of experts on addiction medicine, infectious diseases, and disaster psychiatry explore the possible raised concerns in this issue and provide recommendations to manage the comorbidity of COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorder (SUD). Therefore, a group of international experts on addiction medicine, infectious diseases, and disaster management teamed up to explore the comorbidity of COVID-19 infection with substance use disorder and identify the necessary recommendations for health service providers and policymakers in this situation. Health authorities should develop and apply specific strategies for PWUD for early COVID-19 identification and patient isolation, interrupting transmission, providing appropriate care, attending medical issues, and minimizing negative social impact. cache = ./cache/cord-283287-073r80s7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283287-073r80s7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275828-c6d6nk7x author = Mikasa, Keiichi title = JAID/JSC Guidelines for the Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases: The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases/Japanese Society of Chemotherapy – The JAID/JSC Guide to Clinical Management of Infectious Disease/Guideline-preparing Committee Respiratory Infectious Disease WG date = 2016-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 39672 sentences = 2522 flesch = 42 summary = -SBT/ABPC, intravenous drip, 3 g/3e4 times a day -CTRX, intravenous drip, 1 g/twice a day or 2 g/once a day -CTX, intravenous drip, 1e2 g/2e3 times a day -LVFX, intravenous drip, 500 mg/once a day (2) Cases of late-onset hospital-acquired pneumonia or ventilator-associated pneumonia in which the risk of resistant bacteria is high An antimicrobial drug with anti-pseudomonal activity that targets non-glucose-fermentative gram-negative rod should be administered [50, 51, 68] -To treat polymicrobial infection, the administration of an antimicrobial drug with an activity against obligate anaerobe is not always necessary [67, 70] . -SBT/ABPC, intravenous drip, 3 g/3e4 times a day -CTRX, intravenous drip, 2 g/once a day or 1 g/twice a day -CTX, intravenous drip, 1e2 g/2e3 times a day -LVFX, intravenous drip, 500 mg/once a day (2) Late-onset hospital-acquired pneumonia or cases in which there is a risk of multi-drug-resistant bacteria In addition to the above pathogens, the involvement of non-glucose-fermentative gram negative bacteria or ESBLproducing enteric bacteria must be considered. For the treatment of immunodeficiency-/blood disease-related pneumonia in children, antimicrobial drug therapy should also be basically selected, considering causative microorganisms. cache = ./cache/cord-275828-c6d6nk7x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275828-c6d6nk7x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306266-8qdrshz3 author = Scully, Crispian title = Respiratory medicine date = 2014-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13246 sentences = 698 flesch = 42 summary = Other factors that have been studied include: ■ air pollution -There is an association between air pollution and aggravation of existing asthma ■ allergen avoidance -There is no consistent evidence of benefit ■ breast-feeding -There is evidence of a protective effect in relation to early asthma ■ electrolytes -There is no consistent evidence of benefit ■ fish oils and fatty acid -There is no consistent evidence of benefit ■ house dust mites -Measures to reduce the numbers of house dust mites do not affect asthma severity ■ immunotherapy -Allergenspecific immunotherapy is beneficial in allergic asthma ■ microbial exposure -There is insufficient evidence to indicate that the use of probiotics in pregnancy reduces the incidence of childhood asthma ■ modified milk formulae -There is no consistent evidence of benefit pets -There are no controlled trials on the benefits of removing pets from the home ■ tobacco -Exposure to cigarette smoke adversely affects quality of life, lung function, need for rescue medications and longterm control with inhaled steroids. cache = ./cache/cord-306266-8qdrshz3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306266-8qdrshz3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297289-4kudq4h7 author = Hahn, Austin M. title = Risk reduction through family therapy (RRFT): Protocol of a randomized controlled efficacy trial of an integrative treatment for co-occurring substance use problems and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in adolescents who have experienced interpersonal violence and other traumatic events date = 2020-04-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6121 sentences = 267 flesch = 40 summary = title: Risk reduction through family therapy (RRFT): Protocol of a randomized controlled efficacy trial of an integrative treatment for co-occurring substance use problems and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in adolescents who have experienced interpersonal violence and other traumatic events Beyond serving as the first large RCT to date to address the long-standing question of efficacy of an integrative treatment targeting co-occurring SUP and PTSD for adolescents, the study aimed to improve clinical practice by offering: 1) a more efficient alternative to the current compartmentalized approach to treatment of this population (which often involves referrals to multiple agencies) [21] ; and 2) a risk-reduction option for youth at elevated risk for developing substance abuse and related mental health problems in the future, but who may or may not meet diagnostic thresholds. cache = ./cache/cord-297289-4kudq4h7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297289-4kudq4h7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280111-6hiuzkvz author = Maspero, Cinzia title = Available Technologies, Applications and Benefits of Teleorthodontics. A Literature Review and Possible Applications during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6913 sentences = 358 flesch = 44 summary = This literature review aims at reducing in-office appointments by providing an overview of the technologies available and their reliability in the long-distance monitoring of patients, i.e., teledentistry. As no reviews have yet been carried out on the efficacy of teleassistance in orthodontics as a way to manage patients at a distance, we would like to report on the evidence available as to the possibility of implementing new technologies in teleassistance, generally known by teleorthodontics to help during the COVID-19 pandemic to remotely monitor patients' conditions. The attitudes toward teleassistance in orthodontics, and in general, dentistry by respective dental care professionals, was investigated in several studies which confirmed it was as an effective alternative to in-office visits for several routine procedures and to make consultations more accessible to dentists and patients [23, 38] . cache = ./cache/cord-280111-6hiuzkvz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280111-6hiuzkvz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295445-f4p00yaw author = Wang, Hao title = Differential removal of human pathogenic viruses from sewage by conventional and ozone treatments date = 2018-02-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6889 sentences = 284 flesch = 48 summary = Previous studies conducted in wastewater treatment plants have shown that ozone disinfection might be highly efficient in inactivating bacteria and bacteriophages after conventional sewage treatments (Kim et al., 1999; Tyrrell et al., 1995) , but knowledge regarding its effect for reducing human enteric viruses is relatively scarce. The four concentrated water samples (incoming sewage, conventionally treated, ozone treated, and outlet water) from each of the three weeks were also analyzed by qPCR for 14 common enteric viruses (adenovirus, astrovirus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus, norovirus GI, norovirus GII, norovirus GIV, parechovirus, sapovirus, aichivirus, mengovirus, torovirus, enterovirus, and rotavirus). However, in this study some viruses that were undetectable in the ozone-treated samples reoccurred in the outlet water, including parvovirus, norovirus GII, human feces pecovirus, parvovirus-like virus, gokushovirus, and HAdV-F41, although the amounts were significantly lower compared with raw sewage. cache = ./cache/cord-295445-f4p00yaw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295445-f4p00yaw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294624-d71za6hi author = Kapepula, Paulin M. title = Artemisia Spp. Derivatives for COVID-19 Treatment: Anecdotal Use, Political Hype, Treatment Potential, Challenges, and Road Map to Randomized Clinical Trials date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2138 sentences = 129 flesch = 42 summary = authors: Kapepula, Paulin M.; Kabengele, Jimmy K.; Kingombe, Micheline; Van Bambeke, Françoise; Tulkens, Paul M.; Sadiki Kishabongo, Antoine; Decloedt, Eric; Zumla, Adam; Tiberi, Simon; Suleman, Fatima; Tshilolo, Léon; Muyembe-TamFum, Jean-Jacques; Zumla, Alimuddin; Nachega, Jean B. Derivatives from the herb Artemisia annua have been used as traditional medicine over centuries for the treatment of fevers, malaria, and respiratory tract infections. This highlights the urgent need for further research on herbal compounds to evaluate efficacy through controlled trials, and for efficacious compounds, to establish the active ingredients, develop formulations and dosing, and define pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and safety to enable drug development. 6, 7 Among many, derivatives from the herb Artemisia annua (Figure 1 ) have been used as traditional medicine over centuries for the treatment of fevers, malaria, and respiratory tract infections. Annua for COVID-19 following claims from politicians and others in low-income countries highlights the need for hard data to establish the active ingredients; develop formulations and dosing; define the pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and safety; and evaluate efficacy through controlled trials. cache = ./cache/cord-294624-d71za6hi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294624-d71za6hi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313894-stgx36h5 author = Ürün, Yüksel title = Survey of the Impact of COVID-19 on Oncologists’ Decision Making in Cancer date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4279 sentences = 270 flesch = 47 summary = PURPOSE: To understand readiness measures taken by oncologists to protect patients and health care workers from the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and how their clinical decision making was influenced by the pandemic. In addition, the survey tool included questions regarding attitudes of medical oncologists around patient risk factors (age, performance status, comorbidities), administration of types of antineoplastic therapy (cytotoxic therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy), and use of therapy in differing settings (neoadjuvant, adjuvant v metastatic). Regarding perceptions about the safety of antineoplastic therapy, hormonal treatments and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were considered to be relatively safe, but cytotoxic chemotherapy and immune therapies CONTEXT Key Objective Does COVID-19 influence the decision-making process of oncologists? Likewise, neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and first-line metastatic disease was less affected, but most of the participants stated that they would be more reluctant to recommend second-or third-line therapies in the metastatic setting Relevance During the pandemic, the decision-making process of oncologists is significantly affected. cache = ./cache/cord-313894-stgx36h5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313894-stgx36h5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296881-2g81sjnl author = Nabil, Ahmed title = Current coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches: An updated review until June 2020 date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4802 sentences = 253 flesch = 43 summary = On May 7, 2020, Gilead Sciences, announced that the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) has granted regulatory approval of Veklury® (Remdesivir) as a treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection, the virus that causes COVID-19 acute respiratory syndrome, under an exceptional approval pathway. In COVID-19 infection, a massive number of T-lymphocytes and mononuclear macrophages are activated, emitting different cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), which binds to the IL-6 receptor on its target cells, causing the cytokine storm and severe inflammatory responses in most organs including lungs, liver, kidney and other tissues and organs. Moreover, in July 2020 the WHO discontinued clinical trials with hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir treatment arms for COVID-19 (WHO, 2020b), where both therapies produced little and no reduction in the mortality of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 cases when compared to standard of care. COVID-19 infection and treatment with hydroxychloroquine cause severe haemolysis crisis in a patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency cache = ./cache/cord-296881-2g81sjnl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296881-2g81sjnl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299926-jx1ws18b author = Gong, Yuan title = Effects of methylprednisolone use on viral genomic nucleic acid negative conversion and CT imaging lesion absorption in COVID‐19 patients under 50 years old date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2120 sentences = 99 flesch = 44 summary = title: Effects of methylprednisolone use on viral genomic nucleic acid negative conversion and CT imaging lesion absorption in COVID‐19 patients under 50 years old In most cases, application of methylprednisolone in severe and critical viral pneumonia patients can quickly alleviate the symptoms of dyspnea and prevent disease progression. In our retrospective non‐randomised study, 34 patients under 50 years old and diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) were included, according to given methylprednisolone treatment (n = 18) or not (n = 16), they were separated into 2 groups. Two-tailed Student's t-test was used to compare the two groups of means in this study, P values were ≤ 93% at a rest state; arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)/oxygen concentration (FiO2) ≤ 300 mmHg. Patients with > 50% lesions progression within 24 to 48 hours in lung imaging should be treated as severe cases. cache = ./cache/cord-299926-jx1ws18b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299926-jx1ws18b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301370-nie7n6b5 author = Day, M.A. title = A randomized trial to examine the mechanisms of cognitive, behavioral and mindfulness-based psychosocial treatments for chronic pain: Study protocol date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5569 sentences = 261 flesch = 40 summary = authors: Day, M.A.; Ehde, D.M.; Burns, J.; Ward, L.C.; Friedly, J.L.; Thorn, B.E.; Ciol, M.A.; Mendoza, E.; Chan, J.F.; Battalio, S.; Borckardt, J.; Jensen, M.P. title: A randomized trial to examine the mechanisms of cognitive, behavioral and mindfulness-based psychosocial treatments for chronic pain: Study protocol This randomized trial will evaluate the mechanisms of three chronic pain treatments: cognitive therapy (CT), mindfulness meditation (MM), and activation skills (AS). We will determine the extent to which late-treatment improvement in pain interference is predicted by early-treatment changes in three primary mechanism variables: cognitive content (i.e., catastrophizing), cognitive process (i.e., mindful non-judgment), and/or activity level (i.e., ActiGraph "activity counts"). Specifically germane to this proposal, we have conducted numerous clinical trials examining psychological interventions based on the techniques investigated in this study for CLBP and other pain conditions [19] [20] [21] [22] , including telehealth assessment and treatment delivery [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] . cache = ./cache/cord-301370-nie7n6b5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301370-nie7n6b5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305582-3hmsknon author = Li, Lei title = Therapeutic strategies for critically ill patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6155 sentences = 310 flesch = 39 summary = In the present article, we have summarized the promising drugs, adjunctive agents, respiratory supportive strategies, as well as circulation management, multiple organ function monitoring and appropriate nutritional strategies for the treatment of COVID-19 in the ICU based on the previous experience of treating other viral infections and influenza. According to the latest version of diagnosis and treatment guidelines, confirmed cases infected with 2019-nCoV are classified to have severe illness once complying with one of the following symptoms: (1) anhelation, respiratory rate ≥ 30 times/min; (2) oxygen saturation at rest ≤ 93%; (3) PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 mmHg; and classified to be the critical/life-threatening illness once complying with one of the following symptoms: (1) respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation needed; (2) shock; (3) other organ dysfunction syndrome and requirement of intensive care unit admission. cache = ./cache/cord-305582-3hmsknon.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305582-3hmsknon.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022526-j9kg00qf author = Jones, Samuel L. title = Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System date = 2009-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 108803 sentences = 5988 flesch = 38 summary = Examination of the cardiovascular system (heart, peripheral pulse, and mucous membranes), lungs, and abdomen is essential to detect clinical signs of systemic inflammation from endotoxemia, coagulation disorders, dehydration, ileus, shock, and other abnormalities resulting from injury to the small or large intestine. Several reports suggest the efficacy of cisapride in managing intestinal disease in horses, including the resolution of persistent large colon impaction, treatment of equine grass sickness, and as a preventative for POI in horses after small intestinal surgery (0.1 mg/kg body mass intramuscularly during the postoperative period). 9 Primary role-players in DPJ-associated ileus include peritoneal inflammation, inflammatory cell migration/activation within the muscularis, small intestinal mechanical distention, and effects of endotoxin absorption. Diarrhea probably results from the severe ulceration and inflammation of the large intestine, causing increased secretion of water, electrolytes, and protein and decreased absorption of fluid. cache = ./cache/cord-022526-j9kg00qf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022526-j9kg00qf.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309424-sfyagtl6 author = von Euler, H title = Cell proliferation and apoptosis in rat mammary cancer after electrochemical treatment (EChT) date = 2004-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4770 sentences = 278 flesch = 50 summary = title: Cell proliferation and apoptosis in rat mammary cancer after electrochemical treatment (EChT) The aim of this study was to see if similar results regarding cell morphology, proliferation and induction of apoptosis could be achieved after EChT in vivo and if any differences between the electrode polarity, coulomb given and duration after treatment could be detected. Moreover, nine positive controls (tumour cells inoculated and electrodes inserted but no electric treatment; three rats for each time period) and three negative controls; one for each time period (as for pos controls but only RPMI 1640 injected) were included in the study, making the total number of rats 36. After EChT an induction of apoptosis was found in the anodic treated areas at the border of destruction compared to both the untreated control as well as the cathode groups. cache = ./cache/cord-309424-sfyagtl6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309424-sfyagtl6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318005-cxjnczwv author = Ormerod, A.D. title = Molluscum contagiosum effectively treated with a topical acidified nitrite, nitric oxide liberating cream date = 2001-12-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1710 sentences = 111 flesch = 53 summary = title: Molluscum contagiosum effectively treated with a topical acidified nitrite, nitric oxide liberating cream A double‐blind, group‐sequential clinical trial of acidified nitrite was performed to demonstrate the efficacy of this nitric oxide donor in treating molluscum contagiosum. 9 We have previously described the use of acidified nitrite cream as an NO donor to treat dermatophyte infections 10 and now show the effectiveness of this topical treatment in molluscum contagiosum. As we could not estimate the size of the effect of this therapy, we chose a double-blind, group-sequential design 19 in which subjects were randomized to receive either 5% sodium nitrite co-applied with 5% salicylic acid under occlusion, or identical cream with 5% salicylic acid but omitting sodium nitrite, as a control. No significant difference was found between the active treatment and control groups in the number of lesions per patient or duration of these lesions (Table 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-318005-cxjnczwv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318005-cxjnczwv.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006849-vgjz74ts author = nan title = 27th International Congress of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) Sevilla, Spain, 12–15 June 2019 date = 2019-09-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 222162 sentences = 14023 flesch = 48 summary = Methods: We are performing this procedures within a prospective randomized trial that is design to compare the long term results of LRYGB-B versus the standard laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.The video shows our technique in a case of a 46 years old female with a BMI of 46 Kg/m2. Material and methods: We present a video of the surgical intervention of a 32-year-old patient, with functional dyspepsia, with a casual diagnosis of a pseudocystic mass of the right colon after performing a CT scan: giant diverticulum of the hepatic colon angle with fecaloid content inside it under tension The patient goes to the emergency room for acute abdominal pain, pending colonoscopy, antibiotic treatment is established, and a laparoscopic approach is decided upon after the patient's evolution. Method: We present the case of a 65-year-old patient with surgical antecedent of laparoscopic low anterior resection due to rectal cancer, presenting in postoperative period an anastomosis leakage with severe peritonitis was identified and a laparotomy with end colostomy was performed. cache = ./cache/cord-006849-vgjz74ts.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006849-vgjz74ts.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006229-7yoilsho author = nan title = Abstracts of the 82(nd) Annual Meeting of the German Society for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (DGPT) and the 18(th) Annual Meeting of the Network Clinical Pharmacology Germany (VKliPha) in cooperation with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Angewandte Humanpharmakologie e.V. (AGAH) date = 2016-02-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 133493 sentences = 6804 flesch = 42 summary = It directly activates Protein Kinase A (PKA) or the Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) which is a guanine exchange factor (GEF) for the small monomeric GTPase Rap. As Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) express both cAMP effectors (Epac1 and PKA), we investigated the role of cAMP-signaling using a spheroid based sprouting assay as an in vitro model for angiogenesis. After activation, S1P receptors regulate important processes in the progression of renal diseases, such as mesangial cell migration Methods and Results: Here we demonstrate that dexamethasone treatment lowered S1P 1 mRNA and protein expression levels in rat mesangial cells measured by TaqMan® and Western blot analyses. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of IGFBP5 in cardiogenesis and cardiac remodeling and its role as a potential target for ameliorating stress-induced cardiac remodeling Methods and Results: We investigated the expression of Igfbp5 in murine cardiac tissue at different developmental stages by qPCR normalized to Tpt1 (Tumor Protein, Translationally-Controlled 1). cache = ./cache/cord-006229-7yoilsho.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006229-7yoilsho.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313684-61hkogdh author = Samaddar, Arghadip title = Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Candidates for COVID-19: A Poorly Understood Arena date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11700 sentences = 585 flesch = 42 summary = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an acute onset pneumonia caused by a novel Betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in the Wuhan City of China in December 2019 and evolved into a global pandemic. These include antivirals (remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, umifenovir, and favipiravir), interferon, antimalarials (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine), antiparasitic drugs (ivermectin and nitazoxanide), biologics (monoclonal antibodies and interleukin receptor antagonist), cellular therapies (mesenchymal stem cells and natural killer cells), convalescent plasma, and cytokine adsorber. Though several observational studies have claimed many of these agents to be effective based on their in vitro activities and extrapolated evidence from SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) epidemics, the currently available data remains inconclusive because of ill-defined patient selection criteria, small sample size, lack of concurrent controls, and use of intermediary outcomes instead of patient-relevant outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-313684-61hkogdh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313684-61hkogdh.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308169-a0ft6wdy author = Custovic, A. title = EAACI position statement on asthma exacerbations and severe asthma date = 2013-11-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7710 sentences = 379 flesch = 41 summary = A recently published consensus statement on severe asthma broadened the concept of 'difficult asthma' to reflect the situation in less developed countries, where access to medications and appropriate care is a major issue, by defining three different patient groups including un(der)treated symptomatic patients, patients with low treatment adherence or unconventional therapies, and those remaining symptomatic despite high doses of anti-asthmatic therapies (13, 14) . Other similar initiatives included the EU-sponsored Unbiased Biomarkers for the Prediction of Respiratory Disease Outcomes (U-BIOPRED) consortium that has published a consensus-based systematic algorithm approach to differentiate between 'problematic', 'difficult' and 'severe refractory' asthma in the evaluation of patients with chronic severe asthma symptoms for use in clinical research and specialized care (73) . These treatment options for patients with severe asthma who remain symptomatic despite adhering to standard medical care include novel anti-inflammatory drugs that have been shown in preliminary studies to be effective in treating airway inflammation in asthma and so warrant further investigation (32, (83) (84) (85) (86) , and other novel approaches such as bronchial thermoplasty (87) . cache = ./cache/cord-308169-a0ft6wdy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308169-a0ft6wdy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334867-ohw0chbg author = Ma, Hui title = Hospital biosecurity capacitation: Analysis and recommendations from the prevention and control of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3667 sentences = 155 flesch = 27 summary = Accordingly, the study put forward the following countermeasures and suggestions for hospitals to deal with future biosecurity events, such as a major epidemic: first, there is a need to build biosecurity management systems and emergency response mechanisms in hospitals; second, the investment and guarantee mechanisms for hospital biosecurity construction should be improved; third, the capacity building of biosecurity incident treatment needs attention in general hospitals; and fourth, comprehensive plans need to be developed for the integrated construction of medical treatment and prevention facilities through disease-control systems. With the large number of patients visiting hospitals, the poor information exchange among medical institutions, disease control institutions, and scientific research institutions caused doctors to have scant knowledge of the epidemiological characteristics, transmission patterns, and human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with the consequence of disappointing treatment results [9] . cache = ./cache/cord-334867-ohw0chbg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334867-ohw0chbg.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327865-xxov2x33 author = Cisneros, B.J. title = Safe Sanitation in Low Economic Development Areas date = 2011-01-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 30255 sentences = 1637 flesch = 51 summary = As part of the text and to face the requirements for poor rural and urban areas and water-scarce regions, basic sanitation, wastewater treatment, and water reuse alternatives are described with emphasis on their constraints and limitations for developing countries. In addition, in the developed countries, the term sanitation applies not only to the installation of sewers but also to the full implementation of systems for the safe disposal and reuse of treated wastewater, sludge, and septage. In addition, they offer the following benefits (Lenghton et al., 2005; Correlje and Schuetze, 2008) : (1) they allow investments to be made stepwise, in line with available funds, local development, and population growth; (2) they are used in smaller areas of service that are easier to manage; (3) they allow the use of different technologies to provide services to different socioeconomic groups; and (4) they facilitate the reuse of water on-site. cache = ./cache/cord-327865-xxov2x33.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327865-xxov2x33.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339614-28s205p8 author = Dover, Jeffrey S. title = A Path to Resume Aesthetic Care: Executive Summary of Project AesCert Guidance Supplement—Practical Considerations for Aesthetic Medicine Professionals Supporting Clinic Preparedness in Response to the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12532 sentences = 440 flesch = 36 summary = Patient communication-establishing appropriate expectations for office visits and attendant risks; Clinic schedule management-considerations for schedule modification to convert non-treatment interactions to telehealth consultations, separate patients from one another in the office and avoid unnecessary staff contact; Facility management-physical modification of office common areas and treatment rooms, as well as check-in and check-out procedures, to promote safe practices and physical distancing; Cleaning procedures-discussion of disinfection methods and practices in each office area, ranging from medical instruments and treatment rooms to administrative items and reception areas; Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for providers, staff and patients-recommendations for PPE types and use depending upon procedure-based risk assessment, and recognizing current global equipment shortages; Employee health screening and training-procedures and methods for identifying staff members who may be unwell before, during, and after work, and training of staff to identify potential COVID-19 presentation in coworkers, patients, and other office visitors; risks associated with exposure to known or suspected COVID-19-positive individuals are also discussed; Patient health and screening-procedures and methods for symptom recognition in patients before, during, and after office visits, with follow-up monitoring where appropriate; Remedial measures following onsite symptom presentation-a framework for addressing isolation of symptomatic individuals, office containment and disinfection, and contact tracing; Treatment room setup-preparing and securing treatment rooms for patient entry to contain office contamination and reduce overall potential COVID-19 exposure; and Aesthetic treatment considerations-pretreatment preparation and precautions, and other suggestions for minimizing risk of transmission in performing the most common types of office-based aesthetic procedures, such as neurotoxin and dermal filler injections, noninvasive body contouring, lasers and other similar energy-emitting devices, and a range of medical skin care treatments. cache = ./cache/cord-339614-28s205p8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339614-28s205p8.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-026031-hnf5vayd author = Ford, Richard B. title = Emergency Care date = 2009-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 112343 sentences = 6645 flesch = 44 summary = Fresh whole blood Coagulopathy with active hemorrhage (disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia; massive acute hemorrhage; no stored blood available) Stored whole blood Massive acute or ongoing hemorrhage; hypovolemic shock caused by hemorrhage that is unresponsive to conventional crystalloid and colloid fluid therapy; unavailability of equipment required to prepare blood components Packed red blood cells Nonregenerative anemia, immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, correction of anemia before surgery, acute or chronic blood loss Fresh frozen plasma Factor depletion associated with active hemorrhage (congenital: von Willebrand's factor, hemophilia A, hemophilia B; acquired: vitamin K antagonist, rodenticide intoxication, DIC); acute or chronic hypoproteinemia (burns, wound exudates, body cavity effusion; hepatic, renal, or gastrointestinal loss); colostrum replacement in neonates Frozen plasma Acute plasma or protein loss; chronic hypoproteinemia; (contains stable colostrum replacement in neonates; hemophilia B and clotting factors) selected clotting factor deficiencies Platelet-rich plasma* Thrombocytopenia with active hemorrhage (immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, DIC); platelet function abnormality (congenital: thrombasthenia in Bassett hounds; acquired: NSAIDs, other drugs) Cryoprecipitate cache = ./cache/cord-026031-hnf5vayd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-026031-hnf5vayd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-000083-3p81yr4n author = nan title = Poster Exhibition date = 2009-01-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 112815 sentences = 7542 flesch = 56 summary = R. China Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the early virologic response for prediction of achievement of HBeAg seroconversion and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA negativity after two years of lamivudine treatment in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Methods: A total of 620 patients who tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and were referred to Chiba University Hospital between February 1985 and March 2008 were included in the study, and their following characteristics were analyzed: age, gender, the status of HBeAg, ALT, HBV-DNA level, and PLT. Methods: A total of 60 patients with chronic hepatitis B, 32 (53.3%) were HBeAg positive (group A) while 28(46.7%) were HBeAg negative (group B) were included in this study after meeting the following criteria: age 18 to 60 years, HBsAg positive for more than 6 months, serum HBV-DNA was >5 log(10) copies/mL and ALT more than two times the upper normal limit. cache = ./cache/cord-000083-3p81yr4n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-000083-3p81yr4n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316117-o29773cz author = Menzella, Francesco title = Pharmacologicaltreatment of COVID-19: lights and shadows date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4459 sentences = 265 flesch = 45 summary = At the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), caused an outbreak of pneumonia spreading from Wuhan, Hubei province, to the whole country of China and then the entire world, forcing the World Health Organization (WHO) to make the assessment that the coronavirus disease (COVID19) can be characterized as a pandemic, the first ever caused by a coronavirus. The search strategy was based on the following keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome, antivirals, corticosteroids, biologics, and anticoagulants. Current antiviral treatments are mainly based on previous experiences (favipiravir) or on experimental drugs (remdesivir) used for the treatment of viral infections due to different viruses, such as influenza virus (InfV), Ebolavirus (EBOV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), MERS, and SARS. 38 On the contrary, in a study with a small cohort of patients hospitalized for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, no strong antiviral activity or clinical efficacy of the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin was found. cache = ./cache/cord-316117-o29773cz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316117-o29773cz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314932-edf9xjwr author = Yan, Junqiang title = Research Progress of Drug Treatment in Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2940 sentences = 161 flesch = 41 summary = Studies have found that 2019-nCoV is a single-stranded RNA beta coronavirus similar to SARS and MERS (12) , so current treatment is mainly based on the treatment experience of these two diseases (13) and further development of new targeted drugs. Currently, the drugs studied for the treatment of 2019-nCoV mainly include antivirals, antimalarials, glucocorticoids, plasma therapy, biological agents, and traditional Chinese medicine, among which lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin, remdesivir, chloroquine phosphate, and interferon are the main drugs. Recent studies have shown that chloroquine can inhibit 2019-nCoV by increasing the endosome pH required for viral cell fusion (26) , and its antiviral and antiinflammatory activity considerations are also involved (36) . New research shows that interferon-α nebulization, injection of interferon-α2b (57) , and α-interferon combined with lopinavir/ritonavir drugs (58) may be applicable to the current treatment of 2019-nCoV infection. Current studies have shown that the drug treatment of 2019-nCoV-related pneumonia mainly includes antivirals, antimalarials, and interferon. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro cache = ./cache/cord-314932-edf9xjwr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314932-edf9xjwr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336614-u6alc6rs author = Pérez-Belmonte, Luis M. title = Differences between Clinical Protocols for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Andalusia, Spain date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4737 sentences = 245 flesch = 35 summary = Antiviral treatment, empirical antibacterial agents, adjunctive therapies, anticoagulant treatment, supportive care (oxygen, intravenous fluids, monitoring, high-flow nasal oxygen/noninvasive ventilation, and mechanical ventilation, among others), dosage, method of administration and duration of treatment, drug side effects and interactions, nonrecommended treatment or recommendation for other drugs, hospital circuits, ward organization and care planning, and discharge recommendations were collected from all clinical protocols for COVID-19. This study showed that the COVID-19 protocols of the largest hospitals in Andalusia (Spain) varied widely in several aspects, including antiviral treatment: they used different dosages, durations, and combinations of treatment for the same clinical condition. Several randomized clinical trials on tocilizumab, either alone or in combination, in patients with COVID-19 with severe pneumonia are underway, and its use was included in the Chinese national treatment guidelines [30, 31] . cache = ./cache/cord-336614-u6alc6rs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336614-u6alc6rs.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315730-fzgxuak7 author = Penman, Sophie L. title = Safety perspectives on presently considered drugs for the treatment of COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12067 sentences = 627 flesch = 42 summary = Owing to their efficacy against viruses (mostly demonstrated in vitro) including influenza, HIV, coronavirus OC43, and SARS-CoV, a large number of clinical trials (>230) have been registered worldwide using chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine alone, or in combination with other drugs (e.g. azithromycin) for the treatment of COVID-19. At the time of writing, the RECOVERY trial (clinical trial identifier NCT04381936) which is the largest randomised control trial so far conducted for the treatment of COVID, has stopped recruiting to the hydroxychloroquine arm (1542 patients compared with 3132 on standard care) because of no beneficial effect either in terms of mortality or hospital stay (P. Assessment of QT Intervals in a Case Series of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Treated With Hydroxychloroquine Alone or in Combination With Azithromycin in an Intensive Care Unit Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial cache = ./cache/cord-315730-fzgxuak7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315730-fzgxuak7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312125-j9l6l3dx author = Pau, Alice K. title = Convalescent Plasma for the Treatment of COVID-19: Perspectives of the National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1796 sentences = 98 flesch = 48 summary = In the United States, the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently being tested in randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials. Treatment of individual patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma outside such trials is also now permitted through U.S. Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorization. Here, members of the National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel provide their views regarding use of convalescent plasma for treating COVID-19. In March 2020, the FDA authorized expanded access to convalescent plasma for treating severe or life-threatening COVID-19 under individual-patient emergency Investigational New Drug applications. Given the lack of data from properly powered RCTs, and the need to inform regulatory decision making regarding continued access to convalescent plasma, both the FDA and the Mayo Clinic performed retrospective, indirect evaluations of efficacy by using EAP data, hypothesizing that patients who received plasma units with higher titers of neutralizing antibodies would have better clinical outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-312125-j9l6l3dx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312125-j9l6l3dx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333730-qsx0m68e author = Tsai, Y. C. title = Oral disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and immunosuppressants with antiviral potential, including SARS-CoV-2 infection: a review date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4920 sentences = 297 flesch = 35 summary = However, some immunosuppressants or disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) show antiviral activity and may be safely used or even beneficial in patients with selected concomitant viral infections. In vitro anti-CMV properties of leflunomide were not through blocking the replication of viral DNA, so it is effective even in patients with direct antiviral drug-resistance history. The combination of MMF and highly active antiretroviral therapy improved the control of viral replication and delayed viral-load rebound in a randomized pilot study (n = 17 The effectiveness of thalidomide for KS might be related to anti-angiogenesis, and experts hypothesized the modulation of the immune system to trigger an antiviral action. Although in most instances, the antiviral activity of DMARDs is based on in vitro or small-scale controlled studies, this property would be useful in the choice of DMARDs for patients with concomitant viral infections. Effects of hydroxychloroquine on immune activation and disease progression among HIV-infected patients not receiving antiretroviral therapy: a randomized controlled trial cache = ./cache/cord-333730-qsx0m68e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333730-qsx0m68e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320548-oigyut2k author = Zumla, Alimuddin title = Emerging novel and antimicrobial-resistant respiratory tract infections: new drug development and therapeutic options date = 2014-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8120 sentences = 430 flesch = 36 summary = 19 In patients admitted to hospital with severe infl uenza A H7N9 infection, reduction of viral load after treatment with oseltamivir correlated with improved outcome, whereas the emergence of virus resistant to neuraminidase inhibitors that harbours an Arg292Lys substitution is associated with poor outcomes and poor response to oseltamivir and peramivir. Several observational studies show that systemic corticosteroids given for 2009 pandemic infl uenza A H1N1-associated viral pneumonia increased the risk of mortality and morbidity (eg, secondary infections), especially when there was a delay in initiation, or absence of, eff ective antiviral therapy. Several observational studies have shown that systemic corticosteroids given for 2009 pandemic infl uenza A H1N1-asssociated viral pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome increased the risk of mortality and morbidity (eg, secondary bacterial or fungal infections), especially if there is delay or lack of eff ective antiviral therapy. cache = ./cache/cord-320548-oigyut2k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320548-oigyut2k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336563-hwemigk7 author = Bhimraj, Adarsh title = Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8308 sentences = 448 flesch = 42 summary = Given the rapidity of emerging literature, IDSA identified the need to develop living, frequently updated evidence-based guidelines to support patients, clinicians and other health-care professionals in their decisions about treatment and management of patients with COVID-19. Two RCTs of patients with confirmed COVID-19 with mild pneumonia (e.g., positive CT scan without oxygen requirement) or non-severe infection admitted to the hospital treated with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) reported on mortality at 14 days, clinical progression (radiological progression on CT scan), clinical improvement, failure of virologic clearance (PCR), and adverse events (both) [11, 12] (Table 1 ). In addition, we identified four publications describing three trials of combination treatment with HCQ plus azithromycin (AZ) among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 reporting on the outcomes of mortality, failure of virologic clearance (assessed with PCR test), and adverse events (i.e., significant QT prolongation leading to treatment discontinuation) [13] [14] [15] [16] (Table 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-336563-hwemigk7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336563-hwemigk7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322980-rembksdr author = Talwar, Shivangi title = Ayurveda and Allopathic Therapeutic Strategies in Coronavirus Pandemic Treatment 2020 date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4536 sentences = 233 flesch = 48 summary = The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2019) emerged in 2019 in the month of December in Wuhan city of China, which again made the life of humans miserable with numerous fatal health issues and slowly and gradually this virus entrapped the whole world [2, 3] . Before the doctors, scientists, and researchers could study and come up with a cure for treatment, this virus had already infected more than lakhs of people across the world with the human coronavirus pathogens, i.e., HCoV-22E and HCoV-OC43, which affects the upper respiratory tract. Because of broad reach, presently, remdesivir and its in vitro studies against coronavirus help in treating SARS-CoV-2 with EC50 and EC90 estimations of 0.77 μM and 1.76 μM, respectively, and are proved to be a fruitful expected treatment for COVID-19 [ cache = ./cache/cord-322980-rembksdr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322980-rembksdr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342588-berrojmq author = Burri, Christian title = Sleeping Sickness at the Crossroads date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5879 sentences = 240 flesch = 46 summary = The development of this orally active compound is described in detail in the papers of Neau et al., and Dickie et al., Fexinidazole received a positive scientific opinion from the European Medicines Agency for treatment of Gambiense HAT in late 2018, it was approved by the drug regulatory authority of the DRC and added to the WHO list of essential medicines in 2019, and the first official application in the DRC happened at the end of January 2020 on World NTD day in a public ceremony. In 2012, the World Health Organization, which has played an instrumental role in the control, set the goal for the elimination of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (gHAT), as a public health problem for 2020 and for the total interruption of transmission to humans for 2030. cache = ./cache/cord-342588-berrojmq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342588-berrojmq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346611-jyktuvyy author = Manski, C. F. title = How Should Clinicians Interpret Imprecise Trials Assessing Drugs for COVID-19 Patients? date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8169 sentences = 527 flesch = 56 summary = Considering the design of COVID-19 trials, we show that the empirical success rule yields treatment results that are much closer to optimal than those generated by prevailing decision criteria based on hypothesis tests. Table 2 compares near-optimality of the empirical success rule and the hypothesis test-based decision criterion in two-arm trials for a wide range of sample sizes. Given any specified sample size, the empirical success rule has been shown to achieve the lowest possible value of near-optimality in trials with binary outcomes that assign an equal number of patients to each arm (Stoye, 2009 ). In Table 4 we compare near-optimality of prescribing treatments using standard multiple hypothesis testing approach and of prescribing them using the empirical success rule in five-arm trials with different sample sizes. Manski and Tetenov (2019) study the near-optimality of the empirical success rule when there are two feasible treatments and patient welfare is a weighted sum of binary primary and secondary outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-346611-jyktuvyy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346611-jyktuvyy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317344-wznzmssz author = Iannitti, T. title = Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice date = 2010-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 24517 sentences = 1157 flesch = 44 summary = Now we are going to report some of the several studies involving the use of probiotic formulations to evaluate their efficacy for the treatment of allergic diseases basing on their ability to change either the composition and/or the metabolic activities of the microbiota or modulate immune system reactivity in a way that benefits health. One hundred and sixteen patients with IBS fulfilling the Rome II criteria were randomized in a parallel group, double-blind study to receive a placebo or a probiotic combination (1  10 10 cfu) once daily for four weeks. This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study aimed at determining the efficacy of a probiotic drink containing Lactobacillus for the prevention of any diarrhea associated with antibiotic use and caused by Clostridium difficile. cache = ./cache/cord-317344-wznzmssz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317344-wznzmssz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353013-7cx0gnum author = DENG, Pengbo title = Bronchial Fistula: Rare Complication of Treatment with Anlotinib date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4357 sentences = 232 flesch = 57 summary = The six patients shared some common characteristics: advanced age, male, concurrent infection symptoms, diabetes mellitus (DM), advanced squamous cell and small cell lung cancers, centrally located tumors, tumor measuring ≥5 cm in longest diameter, and newly formed tumor cavitation after multi-line treatment especially after receiving radiotherapy. Case 2: A 63-year-old Chinese male smoker diagnosed with squamous cell cancer of the right lung [epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 19del, stage IVb] in 2016, with a history of diabetes mellitus (DM) (poorly controlled), who successively received the following: four series of chemotherapy cycles with gemcitabine (GEM)+carboplatin (CBP); four months of targeted therapy (icotinib); 36 Gy (3 Gy×12 fractions) sequential radiation therapy on the lung tumor and mediastinal lymph node metastasis; and two chemotherapy cycles with paclitaxel (PTX); was started on anlotinib (orally, 12 mg once daily on day 1 to 14 of a 21-day cycle) in 2018 for four months. cache = ./cache/cord-353013-7cx0gnum.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353013-7cx0gnum.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-019347-tj3ye1mx author = nan title = ABSTRACT BOOK date = 2010-02-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 107926 sentences = 6940 flesch = 53 summary = Method:Case Report:A 15y/o w/f athlete presented with a two month history of recurrent hives and angioedema which she associated with ingestion of Halloween candy .One week before evaluation she had hives with Coconut as well.Her history was othewise unremarkable except for recurrent UTI'S, annual sinusitis, pneumonia in 1998 as well as migraines.She denied sexual activity.Her physical exam was normal.Results:An evaluation for autoimmune disease revealed normal ESR, ANA, DSDNA, mono and hepatitis serology as well as lyme titers however her CH50 was low17u/ml(normal 26-58U/ml)and evaluation of complement revealed c4 14mg/dl(normal 16-47mg//dl)and c2 <1.3mg/dl(normal 1.6-3.5mg/dl)with normal c3, c5-c9.Her father had nor-malc4 but c2 was 1.4mg/dl (normal 1.6-3.5mg/dl)Her sister had c2 of 1.5mg/dl and normal c4 and her mother had normal c2 and c4.Her workup included positive prick skin test to ragweed, ash and grass and she was started on Rhinocort and Clarinex seasonally.She has been followed for one year with resolution of hives and is asymptomatic.Her diagnosis had been confirmed by a pediatric rheumatologist.Conclusion;We present an atypical case of C2 complement deficiency in an currently asymptomatic individual. cache = ./cache/cord-019347-tj3ye1mx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-019347-tj3ye1mx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346607-1mewok8l author = Oesterle, Tyler S. title = Substance Use Disorders and Telehealth in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era: A New Outlook date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4945 sentences = 286 flesch = 48 summary = This article reviews current literature for the use of tele/virtual interventions in the treatment of SUDs and offers recommendations on safe an effective implementation strategies based on the current literature. The COVID-19 pandemic makes it imperative for clinical practice to adapt rapidly in order to meet patient needs for SUD treatment while reducing risk of COVID-19 infection; hence, many providers are now using telehealth for the first time. When compared to treatment as usual for Alcohol Use Disorder, the addition of telephone-based services has been shown to improve abstinence rates and reduce binge drinking in the short term but not after the cessation of the interventions examined with no increase in adverse outcomes. A number of studies have shown group based treatment by videoconference, both support groups and treatment groups, including those targeting tobacco, alcohol and opioid use disorders have been shown to provide safe intervention, high patient satisfaction and appear to have similar outcomes to in person treatments. cache = ./cache/cord-346607-1mewok8l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346607-1mewok8l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336462-7dltsav4 author = Trovik, Linn Hereide title = Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and miliary tuberculosis in a previously healthy individual: a case report date = 2020-11-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4235 sentences = 219 flesch = 36 summary = Here we describe the clinical features, laboratory parameters, diagnostic workup, management and outcome data of a previously healthy 54-year-old man diagnosed with HLH secondary to tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS: We present one of few published cases of a patient who survived HLH triggered by miliary tuberculosis. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an uncommon hematologic disorder characterized by an uncontrolled immune response with organ infiltration of lymphocytes and histiocytes, and organ damage caused by excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] . Results from bone marrow biopsy later revealed an expanded erythropoiesis, increased number of histiocytic cells with phagocytosed lymphocytes and nuclear debris (hemophagocytosis) and granulomas that supported the diagnosis of HLH and TB, respectively (Fig. 4) . Treatment outcomes and prognostic factors in adult patients with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis not associated with malignancy Tuberculosis-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with initial presentation of fever of unknown origin in a general hospital: an analysis of 8 clinical cases cache = ./cache/cord-336462-7dltsav4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336462-7dltsav4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354824-7fdcu2f0 author = Wu, Renyi title = An Update on Current Therapeutic Drugs Treating COVID-19 date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9652 sentences = 504 flesch = 42 summary = Evolving research and clinical data regarding the virologic SARS-CoV-2 suggest a potential list of repurposed drugs with appropriate pharmacological effects and therapeutic efficacies in treating COVID-19 patients. This estimated 20% of patients developing more severe disease with SARS-CoV-2 infection are most likely due to genetics, epigenetics, and or other factors, with dampened innate immune response to fight the virus coupled with enhanced viral load leading to cytokine storm, severe inflammatory/oxidative stress response, and severe lung injury secondary to ARDS. Chloroquine can inhibit the entry of SARS-CoV-2 and prevent virus-cell fusion by interfering with glycosylation of ACE2 receptor and its binding with spike protein, suggesting that chloroquine treatment might be more effective in the early stage of infection, before COVID-19 reduces ACE2 expression and activity [30, 38, 39] . Chloroquine diphosphate in two different dosages as adjunctive therapy of hospitalized patients with severe respiratory syndrome in the context of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection: Preliminary safety results of a randomized, doubleblinded, phase IIb clinical trial (CloroCovid-19 Study) cache = ./cache/cord-354824-7fdcu2f0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354824-7fdcu2f0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342303-ddulfe06 author = Ismael, Julia title = Multidisciplinary approach to COVID-19 and cancer: consensus from scientific societies in Argentina date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7121 sentences = 400 flesch = 42 summary = METHODOLOGY: The review included two phases: 1) search and systematic revision of the medical literature; 2) consensus and revision of the document drafted by national scientific societies involved in the management and care of cancer patients using the modified Delphi method. The recommendations are grouped as follows: 1) general care interventions—training of the personnel, cleaning and disinfection of the hospital premises and patient scheduling; 2) treatment decisions—patient care, surgeries, immunosuppressive therapy, radiotherapy and screening; 3) ethical considerations—optimisation of resources, end-of-life care for critically-ill patients; 4) management of hospitalised patients; and 5) wellbeing of the healthcare team. In cases where the overall benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy may be small, and where there are no immunosuppressive options available (for example, hormonal therapy in early-stage hormone-dependant breast cancer), the risk of infection from COVID-19 can be considered as an additional factor to evaluate before the different options available to the patient. cache = ./cache/cord-342303-ddulfe06.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342303-ddulfe06.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342096-pijvvo2i author = Peivandi, S. title = Evaluation of attitude among infertile couples about continuing assisted reproductive technologies therapy during novel coronavirus outbreak date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3788 sentences = 230 flesch = 51 summary = Study question: Does the fear of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic reduce the desire of infertile couples to continue treatment? Due to the fact that the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through sexual secretions, and through the pregnant mother to the child has not yet been confirmed, during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, some of these important aspects need to be considered: 1) Accurate identification Infertile women who are sensitive at this time; 2) effective personalization of stimulation based on maternal age and ovarian reserve; and 3) prevention of ART-related risks such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), complications associated with egg retrieval, and multiple pregnancies (28) . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.01.20186320 doi: medRxiv preprint In our study, couples' knowledge, and awareness of general information about COVID-19 such as common symptoms, prevention methods, and also about whether SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted vertically or sexually (0.00%), was evaluated well. cache = ./cache/cord-342096-pijvvo2i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342096-pijvvo2i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326864-i1r3bv4p author = Hon, Kam Lun title = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): latest developments in potential treatments date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6265 sentences = 370 flesch = 46 summary = 4 COVID-19 is a respiratory tract infection that causes mild symptoms in the majority of cases, but can also lead to ISSN: 1740-4398 REVIEW -Coronavirus disease 2019 : latest developments in potential treatments drugsincontext.com mortality and morbidity. SARS-CoV is closely related to civet and bat CoVs, but it is phylogenetically divergent from other coronaviruses associated with human infections, including ISSN: 1740-4398 REVIEW -Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): latest developments in potential treatments drugsincontext.com OC43, NL63, 229E, and HKU1. In a clinical trial involving 199 patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, lopinavir-ritonavir treatment was not associated with any clinical improvements compared with standard care. 25 Long and colleagues reported that corticosteroid therapy using methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, and hydrocortisone was beneficial in treating ISSN: 1740-4398 REVIEW -Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): latest developments in potential treatments drugsincontext.com SARS-CoV patients, 78 and significantly prolonged survival time in clinical cases. cache = ./cache/cord-326864-i1r3bv4p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326864-i1r3bv4p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353671-xjpzhsup author = Sgouros, George title = Radiopharmaceutical therapy in cancer: clinical advances and challenges date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14934 sentences = 790 flesch = 36 summary = In a previous prospective single-centre phase II trial in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in whom standard therapies had failed, patients who showed high expression of the PSMA target by ( 68 Ga-labelled PSMA-11) PET yielded favourable responses; patients with high [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in low-PSMA-uptake lesions were excluded. By incorporating molecular imaging to assess the impact of other therapeutics on RPT delivery and calculation of the target and normal tissue absorbed doses, the trial-and-error effort needed to optimize combination therapy for RPT agents can be substantially reduced. Aside from establishing trained practitioners, the future growth of RPT will be fuelled by continued discovery of more-specific tumour-associated targets, improvements in radiochemistry, increased and low-cost availability of radionuclides (particularly α-particle emitters) and expanded preclinical and clinical investigation of combination therapy with agents and treatment modalities that are complementary to RPT. cache = ./cache/cord-353671-xjpzhsup.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353671-xjpzhsup.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349990-i3jslrae author = Visca, Dina title = Management of chronic refractory cough in adults date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5979 sentences = 284 flesch = 42 summary = Current international guidelines provide algorithms for the management of chronic cough: in most cases, treatment of the underlying disease is sufficient to improve or resolve cough symptoms. Under pathological conditions of known and unknown etiologies, chronic refractory cough (CRC) may become a major medical problem because patients may need to undergo repeated examinations before reaching a diagnosis, and/or try several treatments with sometimes poor symptom control, worsening their quality of life and increasing economic burden. conducted a multicenter randomized controlled trial in 75 patients with CRC, and observed an improvement in cough-specific quality of life (Leicester Cough Questionnaire) and cough frequency (Leicester Cough Monitor) as a consequence of implementing a combined physiotherapy and speech and language therapy intervention [19] . investigated the potential effects of azithromycin on chronic cough in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study [61] . MK-7264, a P2×3 receptor antagonist, reduces cough frequency in patients with refractory chronic cough: results from a randomized, controlled, Phase 2b clinical trial cache = ./cache/cord-349990-i3jslrae.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349990-i3jslrae.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351555-hsgsuor2 author = Constantinou, Constantina title = Developing a holistic contingency plan: Challenges and dilemmas for cancer patients during the COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7593 sentences = 406 flesch = 48 summary = Zhang et al, 21 reported that patients who had their last anti-tumor treatment (including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation) within 14 days prior to infection with SARS-CoV-2 had a significantly increased risk of developing severe events (HR = 4.079, 95% CI 1.086-15.322, P = .037). 37, 38 In order to achieve this, in the most affected areas medical specialists, including oncologists, were asked to provide their assistance in managing patients suffering from COVID-19 requiring hospitalization in ICUs or in the departments of infectious or respiratory diseases or general internal medicine. 40 Currently, there are no official reports of how the treatment of cancer patients has been affected by the lack of resources and limited access to healthcare due to the COVID-19 pandemic in most afflicted countries. The decision should be based on the cancer type and stage, the clinical condition of the patient, the treatment indicated for the condition, the patient's response to anticancer therapy, and the potential risks for an infection with SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-351555-hsgsuor2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351555-hsgsuor2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349366-4gny9xkx author = Scanderbeg, Daniel J. title = Development, implementation, and associated challenges of a new HDR brachytherapy program date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5127 sentences = 234 flesch = 40 summary = We present a simple and generic outline that lays out the process for developing and implementing a new HDR brachytherapy program in any setting, but with particular emphasis on challenges associated with starting the program in a limited resource setting. The T&R has a fixed geometry, so with proper training, template plans can also be used when treatment planning is limited in LMICs. In Dakar, Senegal, where HDR was installed without a functioning treatment planning system, the cervical cancer brachytherapy program was developed around the T&R applicator with a library of plans and doses prescribed to Point A. Therefore, machine and equipment selection for brachytherapy should be a collaborative team effort to ensure that all needed items and their functionality have been evaluated carefully in terms of cost, physical space requirements, clinical applicability, compatibility with any existing technology (hardware and/or software), any history of reported medical events associated with hardware/software components, and any limitations including dependability, cleaning and reusability or end-of-life standards. cache = ./cache/cord-349366-4gny9xkx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349366-4gny9xkx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331487-jh34klbg author = Sivapalan, Pradeesh title = Proactive Prophylaxis With Azithromycin and HydroxyChloroquine in Hospitalised Patients With COVID-19 (ProPAC-COVID): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6399 sentences = 428 flesch = 47 summary = OBJECTIVES: The aim of this randomised GCP-controlled trial is to clarify whether combination therapy with the antibiotic azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine via anti-inflammation/immune modulation, antiviral efficacy and pre-emptive treatment of supra-infections can shorten hospitalisation duration for patients with COVID-19 (measured as "days alive and out of hospital" as the primary outcome), reduce the risk of noninvasive ventilation, treatment in the intensive care unit and death. Fertile women* must not be pregnant, i.e. negative pregnancy test must be available at inclusion • Informed consent signed by the patient *Defined as after menarche and until postmenopausal (no menstruation for 12 months) Exclusion criteria: • At the time of recruitment, the patient uses >5 LO2/min (equivalent to 40% FiO2 if measured) • Known intolerance/allergy to azithromycin or hydroxychloroquine or hypersensitivity to quinine or 4-aminoquinoline derivatives • Neurogenic hearing loss • Psoriasis • Retinopathy • Maculopathy • Visual field changes • Breastfeeding • Severe liver diseases other than amoebiasis (INR> 1.5 spontaneously) • Severe gastrointestinal, neurological and hematological disorders (investigator-assessed) • eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m2 • Clinically significant cardiac conduction disorders/arrhythmias or prolonged QTc interval (QTc (f) of> 480/470 ms). cache = ./cache/cord-331487-jh34klbg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331487-jh34klbg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336554-n8n5ii5k author = Singh, Thakur Uttam title = Drug repurposing approach to fight COVID-19 date = 2020-09-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13032 sentences = 690 flesch = 44 summary = Number of drugs such as remdesivir, favipiravir, ribavirin, lopinavir, ritonavir, darunavir, arbidol, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab and interferons have shown inhibitory effects against the SARS-CoV2 in-vitro as well as in clinical conditions. Outbreaks of novel emerging infections such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) have unique challenges in front of the health professionals to select appropriate therapeutics/pharmacological treatments in the clinical setup with very little time available for the new drug discovery [3] . Currently, with the lack of effective agents against SARS-CoV2 as well as public-health emergency, WHO has identified some therapies which doctors and researchers believe are the most promising, such as a combination of two HIV drugs (lopinavir and ritonavir), anti-malarial drugs (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine), and an experimental antiviral compound remdesivir. Ribavirin at a dose rate of 500 mg 2-3 times/day in combination with other drugs such as lopinavir/ritonavir or interferon (IFN)-α through intravenous route for not more than 10 days made the SARS-CoV2 infected patients more resistant to respiratory distress syndrome as well as death [41] . cache = ./cache/cord-336554-n8n5ii5k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336554-n8n5ii5k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346715-r6a5vxl0 author = Liu, Haizhou title = Hexavalent chromium in drinking water: Chemistry, challenges and future outlook on Sn(II)- and photocatalyst-based treatment date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4576 sentences = 234 flesch = 43 summary = Chromium (Cr) typically exists in either trivalent and hexavalent oxidation states in drinking water, i.e., Cr(III) and Cr(VI), with Cr(VI) of particular concern in recent years due to its high toxicity and new regulatory standards. To moving forward in the right direction, three key questions need further exploration for the technology implementation, including effective management of residual waste, minimizing the risks of Cr(VI) re-occurrence downstream of drinking water treatment plant, and promote the socioeconomic drivers for Cr(VI) control in the future. The reactions of Cr(III) solids oxidation by free chlorine residuals can take place in drinking water distribution systems, as supported by statistical analysis of EPA UCMR3 database. Redox-driven Cr(VI) treatment technologies are more promising and cost-effective than physical separation technologies (for example, ion exchange), because Cr (VI) is chemically reduced to non-toxic Cr(III) solids in the presence of a reductant and subsequently removed as Cr (III) particles, eliminating the need for additional brine disposal (Eary and Rai, 1988) . cache = ./cache/cord-346715-r6a5vxl0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346715-r6a5vxl0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351510-8m4930bc author = Aquino, Yves S J title = Hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19: critiquing the impact of disease public profile on policy and clinical decision-making date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5065 sentences = 263 flesch = 48 summary = In particular, we briefly examine the dangers of a heightened public profile in magnifying the inequality of diseases and undermining three key ethical concepts, namely (1) evidence-based practice, (2) sustainable allocation and (3) meaningful consent. 28 In the next three sections, we elaborate the ways in which one disease's public profile, such as COVID-19's, can become so extraordinary that it undermines evidence-based clinical practice, drives unsustainable resource allocation and authorises structural forms of coercive consent. 32 Although there are several morally justifiable reasons for off-label use in general clinical practice, our analysis focusses on the influence of disease public profile on the unapproved or emergency use of HCQ for COVID-19 without sufficient scientific evidence. In this article, we argued that the case of HCQ being touted as potential COVID-19 treatment demonstrates the dangers of a disease's public profile becoming the overarching influence in healthcare decision-making. cache = ./cache/cord-351510-8m4930bc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351510-8m4930bc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351594-8gp9mjen author = Garwood, Tyler J. title = Removal of chronic Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae carrier ewes eliminates pneumonia in a bighorn sheep population date = 2020-03-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5037 sentences = 291 flesch = 49 summary = title: Removal of chronic Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae carrier ewes eliminates pneumonia in a bighorn sheep population We hypothesized that persistent or recurrent pneumonia in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) populations may be caused by chronic carriers of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (Mo). 3. We classified chronic carriers as adults that consistently tested positive for Mo carriage over a 20‐month sampling period (n = 2 in the treatment population; n = 2 in control population). We modeled daily survival rates, incorporating treatment (i.e., population identity), year (Gaillard et al., 2000) , strain type exposure (Cassirer TA B L E 1 Summary of bighorn sheep pathogen testing results and survival estimates in the treatment and control populations, We coded treatment and individual sex effects as with adults. After removal of chronic carriers, we did not detect Mo in 35 samples (26 negative and 9 indeterminate) collected from 26 individuals (9 males, 17 females) in the treatment population (Table 1 and Table S3 ). cache = ./cache/cord-351594-8gp9mjen.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351594-8gp9mjen.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022650-phsr10jp author = nan title = Abstracts TPS date = 2018-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 119675 sentences = 7010 flesch = 55 summary = 0685 | Skin prick test reactivity to aeroallergens in adult allergy clinic in a tertiary hospital: a 12-year retrospective study Results: Five different human sera were screened for specific IgE level against 29 different allergen sources using test methods of three different suppliers. Conclusion: This multicenter prospective study confirmed that stepwise single-dose OFC to egg will help to clarify the severity of egg allergy, and will contribute to improved food allergy manageMethod: The study design was a retrospective cohort study extracting data from the electronic chart of children older than 4 years who visited our out-patient clinic for egg or milk allergy and who underwent an oral food challenge test (OFC) twice within 24 months between November 2013 and December 2017. Results: In the base case analysis, using Italy clinical practice patients with moderate-to severe allergic rhino-conjunctivitis (SS ranging from 6 to 15 points) and a mean age at entry of 21 years, both SCIT and SLIT were associated with increased cost but superior efficacy compared to pharmacotherapy alone. cache = ./cache/cord-022650-phsr10jp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022650-phsr10jp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350024-whne0l19 author = Anderson, Victoria L. title = Choosing the Right Antibiotic in Ambulatory Care date = 2006-11-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4730 sentences = 398 flesch = 51 summary = With the use of a system-based approach, this article defines the most common infections seen in ambulatory care and their most common causative organisms and gives antibiotic options with respect to efficacy, common side effects, and cost. Nurse practitioners can diagnose and manage most of these skin infections; however, in the case of necrotizing fasciitis this is a surgical emergency and requires immediate referral and hospitalization.The following clinical entities most commonly seen in outpatient care are described: cellulitis, impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles and carbuncles, necrotizing fasciitis, paronychia, onychomycoses, lice, scabies, and Lyme disease. GAS is the most common bacterial cause and requires treatment with antibiotics; therefore, the main objective in evaluating a patient in the primary care setting is to identify, rule out, and treat GAS. This section discusses infections of the genitourinary tract, including vaginitis, cervicitis, cystitis, and epididymitis with specific reference to the diagnosis and management of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). cache = ./cache/cord-350024-whne0l19.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350024-whne0l19.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350578-wyz5jyjh author = Bai, Li title = Chinese experts’ consensus on the Internet of Things-aided diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5447 sentences = 308 flesch = 42 summary = 14 We aimed to apply the COVID-19 Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Assistant Program (nCapp) based on the Internet of Things (IoT) medical technology to conduct clinical work during the COVID-19 epidemic, especially for outpatients, and quality control (QC) will assist the diagnosis and treatment, and achieve early identification, isolation, and treatment of patients with COVID-19. According to the ''Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Program (Interim Version 6)," a patient with the positive nucleic acid testing of 2019 nCoV is considered the confirmed case. Intelligent assisted treatment for patients with mild and moderate pneumonia 14 nCapp automatically generates treatment recommendations in accordance with the guidelines of the ''Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Program (Interim Version 6)". Intelligent assisted treatment for patients with severe pneumonia nCapp automatically generates a prompt treatment recommendations in accordance with the 'Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Program (Interim Version 6)'. cache = ./cache/cord-350578-wyz5jyjh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350578-wyz5jyjh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350571-6tapkjb6 author = nan title = 45th ESCP-NSF international symposium on clinical pharmacy: clinical pharmacy tackling inequalities and access to health care. Oslo, Norway, 5–7 October 2016 date = 2017-01-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 106013 sentences = 6203 flesch = 48 summary = Possible solutions might be to use shared communication tools like Internet based communication programs and to introduce the patient as a participant at the IMRs. Please specify your abstract type: Research abstract Background and objective: International good pharmacy practice guidelines describe how pharmacists should counsel the patients about their medicines, offer additional services where needed, and intervene at drug related problems. Please specify your abstract type: Descriptive abstract (for projects) Background and objective: In order to improve the medication reconciliation and to implement training programs for the medical team in an associated to general hospital nursing (ASNH) home we measured the discrepancies between pharmacy registered treatments (PRT) and medical prescriptions (MP), and we analysed potentially inappropriate prescriptions according to ''American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria'' and ''STOPP-START 2014 criteria. cache = ./cache/cord-350571-6tapkjb6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350571-6tapkjb6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023095-4dannjjm author = nan title = Research Abstract Program of the 2011 ACVIM Forum Denver, Colorado, June 15–18, 2011 date = 2011-05-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 134226 sentences = 6834 flesch = 51 summary = The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term effects of ivabradine on heart rate (HR), blood pressure, left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function, left atrial (LA) performance, and clinical tolerance in healthy cats after repeated oral doses. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between heart rate and ECG time intervals to body mass in apparently healthy horses and ponies and to calculate normal ranges for different weight groups. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypercoagulability in PLN dogs based on thromboelastography (TEG), and to determine whether hypercoagulability in these patients could be predicted by clinical assessments that identify systemic hypertension (systolic blood pressure 4 160 mmHg), hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin o 2.7 mg/dl), antithrombin activity (o 70%), and degree of proteinuria (urine protein:creatinine ratio [UPC] ! cache = ./cache/cord-023095-4dannjjm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023095-4dannjjm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005814-ak5pq312 author = nan title = 8th European Congress of Intensive Care Medicine Athens - Greece, October 18–22, 1995 Abstracts date = 1995 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 179164 sentences = 12028 flesch = 56 summary = Results: In 5 patients with treated SS, 16 tests were performed (VL n=8; Dobu n=4; NA n=4 Method: Septic shock was defined as severe sepsis with either persistent hypotension (mean arterial pressure; MAP<70 mmHg) or the requirement for a noradrenaline (NA) infusion ~> 0.1 ~g/kg/min with a MAP _< 90mmHg. Cardiovascular support was limited to NA + dobutamine (DB), 546C88 was administered for up to 8 h at a fixed dose-rate of either i, 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg/h iv. Methods: Fourteen cases were s~udied,their gestational age ranged from(27-32)ws.Continnous positive air way pressure was applied to six cases at Peep level from (3-6)cm H2o through nasal pronge,(group I),the other 8 cases were managed as routine,(group II).Blood gases, TcPO2,TcCo2,resp.rate,depth and pattern were monitored for assessment of tissue Oxygenation and ventilation, Results: Our rasults showed that early application of CPAP improve ventilation among (83.3%)of cases,while (16.7%)of cases need IMV.The cases of group II need IMV among (75%)of the studied cases during the second or the third day of life. cache = ./cache/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-009997-oecpqf1j author = nan title = 2018 ASPHO ABSTRACTS date = 2018-03-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 182060 sentences = 10342 flesch = 48 summary = Completed cranial radiation and proceeded to allogeneic stem cell transplant with unrelated cord marrow donor and is disease free at approximately day +200.Case 2: 5 year-old female diagnosed with FLT3 and MLL negative AML and completed treatment per COG AAML1031 study on the low risk arm without Bortezomib. Design/Method: This study was a retrospective chart review that included patients 3 to 23 years old with sickle cell disease type SS and S 0 followed at St. Christopher's Hospital for Children. Background: Hydroxyurea, chronic blood transfusion, and bone marrow transplantation can reduce complications, and improve survival in sickle cell disease (SCD), but are associated with a significant decisional dilemma because of the inherent risk-benefit tradeoffs, and the lack of comparative studies. Brown University -Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States Background: Despite clinical advances in the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD) in pediatric and young adult patients, pain remains a significant source of disease-related morbidity. cache = ./cache/cord-009997-oecpqf1j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-009997-oecpqf1j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022940-atbjwpo5 author = nan title = Poster Sessions date = 2016-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 241182 sentences = 12746 flesch = 47 summary = We have studied the effect of inhibition of IRE1 (inositol requiring enzyme 1), which is a central mediator of endoplasmic reticulum stress and controls cell proliferation and tumor growth, on hypoxic regulation of the expression of different proliferation related genes in U87 glioma cells. Transient inhibition of Akt and mTOR protein kinase activation in tumor cells followed by reactivation of signaling pathway did not result in a time-dependent difference on EGFR, HER2 and HER3 expression levels. In our study we aimed to determine cytotoxic effect of RES in K562 human CML cell line and to evaluate the expressions of miRNAs that are associated with genetics of leukemia after treatment with RES; to investigate target genes of miRNAs which show significant expression alterations and molecular mechanisms of RES treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-022940-atbjwpo5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022940-atbjwpo5.txt ===== Reducing email addresses cord-000843-e1bn79ui cord-018239-n7axd9bq cord-261671-1pvg3apl cord-001221-due9tloa Creating transaction Updating adr table ===== Reducing keywords cord-004073-k6ad4qgu cord-003372-cpl7zf7f cord-011773-vboa8xn9 cord-005902-5zuij5i3 cord-002514-pp06m5xk cord-007788-09t52zix cord-006435-4o8uu6d5 cord-010078-8lkkez3n cord-013830-qfvceu65 cord-012866-p3mb7r0v cord-010570-ytv7dwr0 cord-016290-l592k753 cord-017142-vx3rgs4r cord-000843-e1bn79ui cord-016559-tqd7m2i1 cord-017702-v46ye328 cord-012038-psqmqpff cord-016283-b6yywn9f cord-009967-fyqc5bat cord-016960-xhzvp35g cord-005881-oswgjaxz cord-015368-a0qz4tb9 cord-022467-j2trahab cord-011712-fyrbe8tw cord-021770-zn7na974 cord-018239-n7axd9bq cord-022292-msz4au4b cord-005816-i54q5gsu cord-016855-hqs94hfa cord-017393-kx8kmdej cord-015334-8p124rwp cord-022404-cz3ruqxx cord-022520-ebj51v9o cord-016280-d47e3art cord-022448-ungitgh9 cord-102145-bi8jyz6r cord-021527-1etvgoxc cord-021453-vf8xbaug cord-018557-iuu38yes cord-031978-l6nlrv9h cord-262339-e2ayh108 cord-021713-e0hzcag6 cord-261671-1pvg3apl cord-015369-72cjogxz cord-007798-9ht7cqhu cord-022237-qxya4cs3 cord-255781-55zrmgxq cord-269031-sz8ieltb cord-001221-due9tloa cord-252984-79jzkdu2 cord-268168-yzvag38x cord-018620-3kqx8arn cord-275427-00bwhaga cord-023528-z9rc0ubj cord-104431-3rblzyry cord-029150-e242o2ml cord-193947-vcm3v0ix cord-023165-f6o6owg3 cord-023168-cd7adns8 cord-263189-5ukn2xbr cord-022582-2e9i3m4b cord-279294-ruqednj6 cord-271436-h1xuhm1c cord-255460-r5p5helx cord-262115-kdeynhzq cord-005105-twsy61oq cord-021555-rrverrsj cord-027860-s97hdhh6 cord-265848-afkeuwup cord-269975-1ebmq7t8 cord-282446-01lu7sce cord-282147-oq30pax6 cord-266147-s8rxzm0t cord-010980-sizuef1v cord-281561-r10y2sgb cord-022653-qa1uph35 cord-274121-3w6kc0c9 cord-022555-a7ie82fs cord-261221-9qlndtuo cord-269776-hj1s3ipp cord-291417-p49ukyhx cord-024893-pd67o7l8 cord-285898-rtqkvf63 cord-291697-wpnq9wc0 cord-288935-uwpkb6lm cord-292454-xa80078x cord-293151-g3758oes cord-034340-3ksfpaf7 cord-262551-hxhlhb5m cord-289457-06gwrpu0 cord-294593-mh1uh1b3 cord-283287-073r80s7 cord-275828-c6d6nk7x cord-297289-4kudq4h7 cord-306266-8qdrshz3 cord-280111-6hiuzkvz cord-295445-f4p00yaw cord-294624-d71za6hi cord-313894-stgx36h5 cord-296881-2g81sjnl cord-299926-jx1ws18b cord-301370-nie7n6b5 cord-305582-3hmsknon cord-022526-j9kg00qf cord-304479-uxp1kg86 cord-313294-ffgo56gl cord-318797-iswxlbhb cord-315453-mbv8vb2r cord-318005-cxjnczwv cord-309424-sfyagtl6 cord-006849-vgjz74ts cord-324091-nljd2ok1 cord-323940-ubazgvov cord-006229-7yoilsho cord-322279-6ffnejwj cord-317538-i6amqpmt cord-306600-cxz8hf9q cord-303661-etb19d6y cord-313684-61hkogdh cord-334867-ohw0chbg cord-302215-sqrbj5r4 cord-308169-a0ft6wdy cord-317246-8c7d5ynz cord-327865-xxov2x33 cord-325970-ivtunxrd cord-303816-c4z9ys3q cord-339614-28s205p8 cord-026031-hnf5vayd cord-334881-x9nxxled cord-323683-9h9mld6x cord-000083-3p81yr4n cord-314932-edf9xjwr cord-316117-o29773cz cord-336614-u6alc6rs cord-316370-t802kjpk cord-342128-x6z4nvt3 cord-322859-rtzf9dvp cord-315730-fzgxuak7 cord-320548-oigyut2k cord-333730-qsx0m68e cord-312125-j9l6l3dx cord-336563-hwemigk7 cord-322980-rembksdr cord-342588-berrojmq cord-346611-jyktuvyy cord-317344-wznzmssz cord-353013-7cx0gnum cord-019347-tj3ye1mx cord-346607-1mewok8l cord-336462-7dltsav4 cord-326864-i1r3bv4p cord-354824-7fdcu2f0 cord-342303-ddulfe06 cord-342096-pijvvo2i cord-349990-i3jslrae cord-353671-xjpzhsup cord-351555-hsgsuor2 cord-349366-4gny9xkx cord-331487-jh34klbg cord-336554-n8n5ii5k cord-346715-r6a5vxl0 cord-351510-8m4930bc cord-351594-8gp9mjen cord-022650-phsr10jp cord-350024-whne0l19 cord-350578-wyz5jyjh cord-350571-6tapkjb6 cord-023095-4dannjjm cord-005814-ak5pq312 cord-009997-oecpqf1j cord-022940-atbjwpo5 Creating transaction Updating wrd table ===== Reducing urls cord-011773-vboa8xn9 cord-002514-pp06m5xk cord-007788-09t52zix cord-012866-p3mb7r0v cord-017702-v46ye328 cord-016283-b6yywn9f cord-012038-psqmqpff cord-016855-hqs94hfa cord-261671-1pvg3apl cord-007798-9ht7cqhu cord-011712-fyrbe8tw cord-001221-due9tloa cord-263189-5ukn2xbr cord-279294-ruqednj6 cord-023168-cd7adns8 cord-021555-rrverrsj cord-282147-oq30pax6 cord-010980-sizuef1v cord-281561-r10y2sgb cord-022555-a7ie82fs cord-269776-hj1s3ipp cord-261221-9qlndtuo cord-291417-p49ukyhx cord-291697-wpnq9wc0 cord-292454-xa80078x cord-293151-g3758oes cord-034340-3ksfpaf7 cord-275828-c6d6nk7x cord-306266-8qdrshz3 cord-297289-4kudq4h7 cord-295445-f4p00yaw cord-313894-stgx36h5 cord-301370-nie7n6b5 cord-313294-ffgo56gl cord-318797-iswxlbhb cord-315453-mbv8vb2r cord-006849-vgjz74ts cord-006229-7yoilsho cord-323940-ubazgvov cord-306600-cxz8hf9q cord-334867-ohw0chbg cord-317246-8c7d5ynz cord-334881-x9nxxled cord-316370-t802kjpk cord-320548-oigyut2k cord-336563-hwemigk7 cord-346611-jyktuvyy cord-326864-i1r3bv4p cord-342303-ddulfe06 cord-342096-pijvvo2i cord-353671-xjpzhsup cord-349990-i3jslrae cord-331487-jh34klbg cord-349366-4gny9xkx cord-351594-8gp9mjen cord-350571-6tapkjb6 cord-009997-oecpqf1j cord-022940-atbjwpo5 Creating transaction Updating url table ===== Reducing named entities cord-003372-cpl7zf7f cord-004073-k6ad4qgu cord-011773-vboa8xn9 cord-002514-pp06m5xk cord-010570-ytv7dwr0 cord-007788-09t52zix cord-005902-5zuij5i3 cord-006435-4o8uu6d5 cord-013830-qfvceu65 cord-012866-p3mb7r0v cord-017142-vx3rgs4r cord-010078-8lkkez3n cord-016283-b6yywn9f cord-016290-l592k753 cord-012038-psqmqpff cord-009967-fyqc5bat cord-016960-xhzvp35g cord-016559-tqd7m2i1 cord-017702-v46ye328 cord-000843-e1bn79ui cord-011712-fyrbe8tw cord-022467-j2trahab cord-021770-zn7na974 cord-018239-n7axd9bq cord-022292-msz4au4b cord-016855-hqs94hfa cord-005881-oswgjaxz cord-017393-kx8kmdej cord-022404-cz3ruqxx cord-022520-ebj51v9o cord-016280-d47e3art cord-102145-bi8jyz6r cord-018557-iuu38yes cord-015368-a0qz4tb9 cord-021527-1etvgoxc cord-022448-ungitgh9 cord-031978-l6nlrv9h cord-262339-e2ayh108 cord-005816-i54q5gsu cord-021453-vf8xbaug cord-255781-55zrmgxq cord-022237-qxya4cs3 cord-268168-yzvag38x cord-021713-e0hzcag6 cord-269031-sz8ieltb cord-015334-8p124rwp cord-007798-9ht7cqhu cord-261671-1pvg3apl cord-018620-3kqx8arn cord-252984-79jzkdu2 cord-275427-00bwhaga cord-029150-e242o2ml cord-193947-vcm3v0ix cord-001221-due9tloa cord-023528-z9rc0ubj cord-104431-3rblzyry cord-022582-2e9i3m4b cord-023165-f6o6owg3 cord-263189-5ukn2xbr cord-279294-ruqednj6 cord-015369-72cjogxz cord-023168-cd7adns8 cord-271436-h1xuhm1c cord-255460-r5p5helx cord-262115-kdeynhzq cord-269975-1ebmq7t8 cord-027860-s97hdhh6 cord-265848-afkeuwup cord-282446-01lu7sce cord-282147-oq30pax6 cord-266147-s8rxzm0t cord-281561-r10y2sgb cord-274121-3w6kc0c9 cord-291417-p49ukyhx cord-261221-9qlndtuo cord-021555-rrverrsj cord-024893-pd67o7l8 cord-291697-wpnq9wc0 cord-288935-uwpkb6lm cord-292454-xa80078x cord-005105-twsy61oq cord-285898-rtqkvf63 cord-293151-g3758oes cord-262551-hxhlhb5m cord-289457-06gwrpu0 cord-010980-sizuef1v cord-022653-qa1uph35 cord-022555-a7ie82fs cord-034340-3ksfpaf7 cord-269776-hj1s3ipp cord-294593-mh1uh1b3 cord-275828-c6d6nk7x cord-283287-073r80s7 cord-306266-8qdrshz3 cord-297289-4kudq4h7 cord-280111-6hiuzkvz cord-294624-d71za6hi cord-295445-f4p00yaw cord-296881-2g81sjnl cord-313894-stgx36h5 cord-299926-jx1ws18b cord-301370-nie7n6b5 cord-305582-3hmsknon cord-304479-uxp1kg86 cord-313294-ffgo56gl cord-318797-iswxlbhb cord-315453-mbv8vb2r cord-309424-sfyagtl6 cord-318005-cxjnczwv cord-324091-nljd2ok1 cord-323940-ubazgvov cord-322279-6ffnejwj cord-317538-i6amqpmt cord-306600-cxz8hf9q cord-303661-etb19d6y cord-302215-sqrbj5r4 cord-022526-j9kg00qf cord-313684-61hkogdh cord-334867-ohw0chbg cord-308169-a0ft6wdy cord-317246-8c7d5ynz cord-325970-ivtunxrd cord-303816-c4z9ys3q cord-327865-xxov2x33 cord-339614-28s205p8 cord-334881-x9nxxled cord-314932-edf9xjwr cord-323683-9h9mld6x cord-316117-o29773cz cord-006849-vgjz74ts cord-336614-u6alc6rs cord-342128-x6z4nvt3 cord-322859-rtzf9dvp cord-315730-fzgxuak7 cord-312125-j9l6l3dx cord-026031-hnf5vayd cord-316370-t802kjpk cord-336563-hwemigk7 cord-006229-7yoilsho cord-333730-qsx0m68e cord-322980-rembksdr cord-320548-oigyut2k cord-342588-berrojmq cord-317344-wznzmssz cord-346611-jyktuvyy cord-353013-7cx0gnum cord-346607-1mewok8l cord-000083-3p81yr4n cord-336462-7dltsav4 cord-326864-i1r3bv4p cord-354824-7fdcu2f0 cord-342303-ddulfe06 cord-342096-pijvvo2i cord-353671-xjpzhsup cord-351555-hsgsuor2 cord-349990-i3jslrae cord-349366-4gny9xkx cord-336554-n8n5ii5k cord-331487-jh34klbg cord-346715-r6a5vxl0 cord-351594-8gp9mjen cord-351510-8m4930bc cord-350024-whne0l19 cord-350578-wyz5jyjh cord-019347-tj3ye1mx cord-350571-6tapkjb6 cord-022650-phsr10jp cord-023095-4dannjjm cord-005814-ak5pq312 cord-009997-oecpqf1j cord-022940-atbjwpo5 Creating transaction Updating ent table ===== Reducing parts of speech cord-011773-vboa8xn9 cord-005902-5zuij5i3 cord-002514-pp06m5xk cord-004073-k6ad4qgu cord-003372-cpl7zf7f cord-012866-p3mb7r0v cord-012038-psqmqpff cord-010570-ytv7dwr0 cord-013830-qfvceu65 cord-009967-fyqc5bat cord-007788-09t52zix cord-017142-vx3rgs4r cord-016283-b6yywn9f cord-011712-fyrbe8tw cord-006435-4o8uu6d5 cord-016290-l592k753 cord-016855-hqs94hfa cord-018239-n7axd9bq cord-031978-l6nlrv9h cord-017702-v46ye328 cord-021770-zn7na974 cord-262339-e2ayh108 cord-102145-bi8jyz6r cord-016559-tqd7m2i1 cord-016960-xhzvp35g cord-010078-8lkkez3n cord-022292-msz4au4b cord-017393-kx8kmdej cord-018557-iuu38yes cord-261671-1pvg3apl cord-022467-j2trahab cord-016280-d47e3art cord-022404-cz3ruqxx cord-255781-55zrmgxq cord-269031-sz8ieltb cord-268168-yzvag38x cord-021713-e0hzcag6 cord-275427-00bwhaga cord-104431-3rblzyry cord-022520-ebj51v9o cord-029150-e242o2ml cord-271436-h1xuhm1c cord-022237-qxya4cs3 cord-263189-5ukn2xbr cord-018620-3kqx8arn cord-279294-ruqednj6 cord-021527-1etvgoxc cord-262115-kdeynhzq cord-255460-r5p5helx cord-282147-oq30pax6 cord-007798-9ht7cqhu cord-282446-01lu7sce cord-022582-2e9i3m4b cord-261221-9qlndtuo cord-281561-r10y2sgb cord-266147-s8rxzm0t cord-269975-1ebmq7t8 cord-274121-3w6kc0c9 cord-291417-p49ukyhx cord-024893-pd67o7l8 cord-288935-uwpkb6lm cord-023165-f6o6owg3 cord-292454-xa80078x cord-291697-wpnq9wc0 cord-289457-06gwrpu0 cord-193947-vcm3v0ix cord-262551-hxhlhb5m cord-294593-mh1uh1b3 cord-294624-d71za6hi cord-021453-vf8xbaug cord-023168-cd7adns8 cord-283287-073r80s7 cord-297289-4kudq4h7 cord-252984-79jzkdu2 cord-280111-6hiuzkvz cord-295445-f4p00yaw cord-313894-stgx36h5 cord-015334-8p124rwp cord-265848-afkeuwup cord-306266-8qdrshz3 cord-296881-2g81sjnl cord-027860-s97hdhh6 cord-285898-rtqkvf63 cord-023528-z9rc0ubj cord-299926-jx1ws18b cord-301370-nie7n6b5 cord-305582-3hmsknon cord-304479-uxp1kg86 cord-313294-ffgo56gl cord-318797-iswxlbhb cord-315453-mbv8vb2r cord-309424-sfyagtl6 cord-318005-cxjnczwv cord-324091-nljd2ok1 cord-323940-ubazgvov cord-322279-6ffnejwj cord-317538-i6amqpmt cord-303661-etb19d6y cord-306600-cxz8hf9q cord-302215-sqrbj5r4 cord-317246-8c7d5ynz cord-334867-ohw0chbg cord-325970-ivtunxrd cord-293151-g3758oes cord-308169-a0ft6wdy cord-303816-c4z9ys3q cord-334881-x9nxxled cord-314932-edf9xjwr cord-323683-9h9mld6x cord-342128-x6z4nvt3 cord-336614-u6alc6rs cord-313684-61hkogdh cord-005881-oswgjaxz cord-034340-3ksfpaf7 cord-339614-28s205p8 cord-316370-t802kjpk cord-316117-o29773cz cord-312125-j9l6l3dx cord-322859-rtzf9dvp cord-022448-ungitgh9 cord-000843-e1bn79ui cord-269776-hj1s3ipp cord-005816-i54q5gsu cord-275828-c6d6nk7x cord-315730-fzgxuak7 cord-015369-72cjogxz cord-333730-qsx0m68e cord-015368-a0qz4tb9 cord-320548-oigyut2k cord-342588-berrojmq cord-336563-hwemigk7 cord-322980-rembksdr cord-346611-jyktuvyy cord-022653-qa1uph35 cord-353013-7cx0gnum cord-346607-1mewok8l cord-336462-7dltsav4 cord-326864-i1r3bv4p cord-354824-7fdcu2f0 cord-342303-ddulfe06 cord-342096-pijvvo2i cord-349990-i3jslrae cord-349366-4gny9xkx cord-346715-r6a5vxl0 cord-351555-hsgsuor2 cord-331487-jh34klbg cord-350024-whne0l19 cord-351594-8gp9mjen cord-351510-8m4930bc cord-350578-wyz5jyjh cord-327865-xxov2x33 cord-353671-xjpzhsup cord-021555-rrverrsj cord-336554-n8n5ii5k cord-317344-wznzmssz cord-022555-a7ie82fs cord-001221-due9tloa cord-005105-twsy61oq cord-022526-j9kg00qf cord-010980-sizuef1v cord-026031-hnf5vayd cord-019347-tj3ye1mx cord-000083-3p81yr4n cord-006229-7yoilsho cord-350571-6tapkjb6 cord-022650-phsr10jp cord-023095-4dannjjm cord-006849-vgjz74ts cord-009997-oecpqf1j cord-005814-ak5pq312 cord-022940-atbjwpo5 Creating transaction Updating pos table Building ./etc/reader.txt cord-009997-oecpqf1j cord-005105-twsy61oq cord-022650-phsr10jp cord-026031-hnf5vayd cord-021555-rrverrsj cord-022526-j9kg00qf number of items: 171 sum of words: 4,058,042 average size in words: 27,419 average readability score: 44 nouns: patients; treatment; study; results; disease; patient; group; cases; therapy; cells; blood; time; years; use; cell; diagnosis; infection; risk; data; age; methods; days; effects; levels; surgery; studies; cancer; analysis; children; drug; case; control; months; rate; care; symptoms; day; liver; groups; response; effect; level; management; dose; drugs; type; serum; signs; tissue; conclusion verbs: used; including; shown; increasing; performed; treating; associated; following; compared; based; caused; reported; found; occurred; develops; evaluated; required; reduced; considered; identify; providing; presented; received; determine; observed; induces; decreasing; improve; related; resulting; assessing; made; leads; suggested; see; needed; undergo; affected; demonstrating; given; take; indicated; describes; administered; involved; obtaining; measured; revealed; detected; investigated adjectives: clinical; high; acute; significant; severe; common; different; surgical; first; chronic; normal; non; specific; low; respiratory; higher; important; positive; small; new; human; abdominal; effective; primary; many; medical; oral; mean; early; several; lower; negative; possible; large; present; total; available; pulmonary; anti; laparoscopic; renal; old; inflammatory; therapeutic; similar; potential; long; gastric; viral; multiple adverbs: also; however; well; significantly; often; respectively; usually; therefore; even; especially; frequently; still; commonly; particularly; less; currently; previously; clinically; highly; recently; typically; generally; approximately; furthermore; prior; statistically; later; potentially; mainly; alone; now; first; successfully; daily; relatively; least; finally; always; widely; rather; rapidly; moreover; almost; primarily; immediately; directly; initially; minimally; additionally; rarely pronouns: we; it; our; their; its; they; i; them; he; she; one; her; his; your; us; itself; you; themselves; my; me; him; mg; himself; yourself; myself; ashcs; ourselves; ivig; oneself; herself; em; ours; igg4; y€; siil-33; s; ocid1001; mrs; mrnas; ln(Λ; itsn2; imagej; il-; ccrcc; adrb1; a1-antitrypsin; ≥25; ∈; ykl-40; y-27632 proper nouns: mg; CT; •; COVID-19; kg; C; SARS; MRI; II; University; B; Hospital; A; AE; IV; Group; HBV; der; IgE; ICU; T; L; United; S.; HIV; PCR; Background; Health; HAE; C.; CoV-2; States; C1-INH; MR; RNA; HCC; HCV; M; US; M.; E.; L.; ¼; January; fl; S; III; CI; Fig; TB keywords: treatment; patient; covid-19; study; disease; result; clinical; infection; sars; group; drug; conclusion; method; year; hospital; cell; case; high; day; cancer; university; cause; sign; diagnosis; therapy; introduction; hiv; effect; child; virus; objective; level; january; background; surgery; rna; asthma; animal; united; tnf; test; research; mri; mers; increase; health; follow; elisa; dna; blood one topic; one dimension: patients file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6936617/ titles(s): Modelling and analysing the coexistence of dual dilemmas in the proactive vaccination game and retroactive treatment game in epidemic viral dynamics three topics; one dimension: patients; patients; may file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7101816/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103177/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7150219/ titles(s): Evidence for the Use of Intravenous Immunoglobulins—A Review of the Literature | 27th International Congress of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) Sevilla, Spain, 12–15 June 2019 | Biology and Diseases of Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, and Cattle five topics; three dimensions: patients treatment results; patients treatment patient; patients study group; may disease signs; treatment use used file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7088373/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3948175/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7159476/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7155703/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122342/ titles(s): SIU 2015 Abstracts | ECR 2014, Part A | Poster Discussion Session PDS | Clinical Conditions | Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine for Infectious Diseases Type: cord title: keyword-treatment-cord date: 2021-05-25 time: 17:07 username: emorgan patron: Eric Morgan email: emorgan@nd.edu input: keywords:treatment ==== make-pages.sh htm files ==== make-pages.sh complex files ==== make-pages.sh named enities ==== making bibliographics id: cord-255460-r5p5helx author: Aggarwal, Sadhna title: Drug repurposing for breast cancer therapy: Old weapon for new battle date: 2019-09-21 words: 7318.0 sentences: 420.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255460-r5p5helx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255460-r5p5helx.txt summary: A phase III clinical trial ''Breast Cancer Trial of Oral Everolimus-2 (BOLERO-2)'' that included everolimus in combination with exemestane was successfully completed in 2012 leading to the approval of everolimus by US FDA for the treatment of HR + , HER2 − advanced metastatic cancers that are resistant to letrozole or anastrazole [125, 126] . Docetaxel and paclitaxel are used as neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy as single agent or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of early, advanced and metastatic breast cancer in pre-and postmenopausal women. We thus conclude that comprehensive approach of selecting the most appropriate gene-protein-pathway-target-drug modeling via integration of system biology and bioinformatics holds the high potential of providing more efficient, safer and cost-effective chemotherapeutics for treatment of even the most stringent forms of breast cancer (metastatic and triple negative). abstract: Abstract Despite tremendous resources being invested in prevention and treatment, breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer deaths in women globally. The available treatment modalities are very costly and produces severe side effects. Drug repurposing that relate to new uses for old drugs has emerged as a novel approach for drug development. Repositioning of old, clinically approved, off patent non-cancer drugs with known targets, into newer indication is like using old weapons for new battle. The advances in genomics, proteomics and information computational biology has facilitated the process of drug repurposing. Repositioning approach not only fastens the process of drug development but also offers more effective, cheaper, safer drugs with lesser/known side effects. During the last decade, drugs such as alkylating agents, anthracyclins, antimetabolite, CDK4/6 inhibitor, aromatase inhibitor, mTOR inhibitor and mitotic inhibitors has been repositioned for breast cancer treatment. The repositioned drugs have been successfully used for the treatment of most aggressive triple negative breast cancer. The literature review suggest that serendipity plays a major role in the drug development. This article describes the comprehensive overview of the current scenario of drug repurposing for the breast cancer treatment. The strategies as well as several examples of repurposed drugs are provided. The challenges associated with drug repurposing are discussed. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.012 doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.012 id: cord-269776-hj1s3ipp author: Agostoni, Angelo title: Hereditary and acquired angioedema: Problems and progress: Proceedings of the third C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency workshop and beyond date: 2004-09-11 words: 49824.0 sentences: 2688.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269776-hj1s3ipp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269776-hj1s3ipp.txt summary: Concerning HAE-I and HAE-II, just as variations in serum concentrations of APP appear to determine which individuals in a normal population develop angioedema with a second perturbation of kinin metabolism, such as the use of ACE inhibitors, 96 it could be speculated that variations in either kinin activation or inactivation pathways might contribute to the differences in severity of angioedema in individuals with a pre-existing perturbation in kinin metabolism, such as a mutation in C1-INH (as occurs in HAE). 13, 14, 27 This increase in plasma bradykinin was demonstrated both for patients with HAE with C1-INH deficiency and for patients with drug-associated angioedema who had an angioedematous attack in conjunction with ACE inhibitor treatment. The patient''s daughter had recurrent skin angioedema and gastrointestinal pain attacks since age 12 years; therefore, with a normal C1-INH concentration and activity in both mother and daughter, a diagnosis of HAE type III was assumed. abstract: Hereditary angioedema (HAE), a rare but life-threatening condition, manifests as acute attacks of facial, laryngeal, genital, or peripheral swelling or abdominal pain secondary to intra-abdominal edema. Resulting from mutations affecting C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH), inhibitor of the first complement system component, attacks are not histamine-mediated and do not respond to antihistamines or corticosteroids. Low awareness and resemblance to other disorders often delay diagnosis; despite availability of C1-INH replacement in some countries, no approved, safe acute attack therapy exists in the United States. The biennial C1 Esterase Inhibitor Deficiency Workshops resulted from a European initiative for better knowledge and treatment of HAE and related diseases. This supplement contains work presented at the third workshop and expanded content toward a definitive picture of angioedema in the absence of allergy. Most notably, it includes cumulative genetic investigations; multinational laboratory diagnosis recommendations; current pathogenesis hypotheses; suggested prophylaxis and acute attack treatment, including home treatment; future treatment options; and analysis of patient subpopulations, including pediatric patients and patients whose angioedema worsened during pregnancy or hormone administration. Causes and management of acquired angioedema and a new type of angioedema with normal C1-INH are also discussed. Collaborative patient and physician efforts, crucial in rare diseases, are emphasized. This supplement seeks to raise awareness and aid diagnosis of HAE, optimize treatment for all patients, and provide a platform for further research in this rare, partially understood disorder. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091674904017579 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.06.047 id: cord-350024-whne0l19 author: Anderson, Victoria L. title: Choosing the Right Antibiotic in Ambulatory Care date: 2006-11-28 words: 4730.0 sentences: 398.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350024-whne0l19.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350024-whne0l19.txt summary: With the use of a system-based approach, this article defines the most common infections seen in ambulatory care and their most common causative organisms and gives antibiotic options with respect to efficacy, common side effects, and cost. Nurse practitioners can diagnose and manage most of these skin infections; however, in the case of necrotizing fasciitis this is a surgical emergency and requires immediate referral and hospitalization.The following clinical entities most commonly seen in outpatient care are described: cellulitis, impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles and carbuncles, necrotizing fasciitis, paronychia, onychomycoses, lice, scabies, and Lyme disease. GAS is the most common bacterial cause and requires treatment with antibiotics; therefore, the main objective in evaluating a patient in the primary care setting is to identify, rule out, and treat GAS. This section discusses infections of the genitourinary tract, including vaginitis, cervicitis, cystitis, and epididymitis with specific reference to the diagnosis and management of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). abstract: The goal of this article is to be a quick guide for the nurse practitioner practicing in an ambulatory setting for making the right antibiotic choice for the right infection. With the use of a system-based approach, this article defines the most common infections seen in ambulatory care and their most common causative organisms and gives antibiotic options with respect to efficacy, common side effects, and cost. We provide recommendations for length of therapy and follow-up, as well. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1555415506006829 doi: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2006.09.009 id: cord-013830-qfvceu65 author: Ang, Juan Lyn title: A systematic review of real-world evidence of the management of macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion date: 2020-04-20 words: 9877.0 sentences: 464.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-013830-qfvceu65.txt txt: ./txt/cord-013830-qfvceu65.txt summary: (1) Study design (2) Country or region (3) Number of eyes (4) Mean age of patients (5) Percentage of female patients (6) Treatment-naïve status (7) Treatment regimen and dosage (8) Time to commencement of treatment (9) Reporting of ischaemic or non-ischaemic status at the macula and in the periphery at baseline (10) Reporting of presence of subretinal fluid (SRF) at baseline (11) Reporting of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and smoking status of patients at baseline (12) Inclusion or reporting of high-risk group at baseline e.g., patients with history of cardiovascular disease or cerebrovascular disease (13) Reporting of percentage of eyes that were pseudophakic at baseline (14) Visual acuity at baseline, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months after commencing treatment (15) Central subfield thickness at baseline, 6 months, 12 months, 24 months after commencing treatment (16) Mean number of intravitreal injections administered over the follow-up period (17) Macular laser treatment administered over the followup period (18) Need for retinal laser therapy for neovascularisation (19) Need for rescue therapy (20) Total number of ocular adverse events (21) Mean number of visits over follow-up period (22) Ocular adverse events: number of cases of endophthalmitis, neovascularisation of disc (NVD), neovascularisation elsewhere (NVE), neovascularisation of iris/angle (NVI/A), IOP increase requiring IOP-lowering therapy, rubeotic glaucoma, traumatic cataract, cataract progression, retinal detachment, macular changes affecting vision (e.g. epiretinal membrane, whole pigment clumping, atrophy) and vitreous haemorrhage Study quality was assessed using the quality appraisal checklist for case series developed by Institute of Health Economics (IHE) [30] , as this was the preferred tool by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) [31] . abstract: This review assessed the real-world evidence of the management of macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). A meta-analysis of 2530 eyes from 48 real-world studies of therapies for macular oedema secondary to BRVO was conducted. Baseline characteristics, visual, anatomical and safety outcomes were recorded. The weighted mean and weighted estimates from random-effects models were calculated for visual acuity (VA) and central subfield thickness (CST) changes at 6, 12 and 24 months. Primary outcome was change in VA (logMAR letters) at 12 months. Study quality was assessed using the quality appraisal checklist for case series developed by Institute of Health Economics. The mean baseline VA for the pooled data was 54.0 (51.5, 56.5) letters and the mean baseline CST was 501.3 (483.5, 519.1) µm. The random-effects estimate for mean (95% CI) change in VA was 14.6 (12.5, 16.7) letters at 12 months (n = 1727). The random-effects estimate for mean (95% CI) change in CST was −181.7 (−230.7, −132.7) µm at 12 months (n = 1325). The quality of studies varied considerably. Ocular and systemic adverse events were discussed in 79% and 42% of treatment arms respectively, with possible under-reporting. Visual and anatomical gains achieved in the real-world for anti-VEGF therapy were not as impressive as seminal RCTs, possibly due to reduced injection frequency in the real world and differences in baseline characteristics. There is an urgent need for consensus on the minimum efficacy, treatment burden and safety data to collect to strengthen the real-world evidence base. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7608462/ doi: 10.1038/s41433-020-0861-9 id: cord-351510-8m4930bc author: Aquino, Yves S J title: Hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19: critiquing the impact of disease public profile on policy and clinical decision-making date: 2020-07-09 words: 5065.0 sentences: 263.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351510-8m4930bc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351510-8m4930bc.txt summary: In particular, we briefly examine the dangers of a heightened public profile in magnifying the inequality of diseases and undermining three key ethical concepts, namely (1) evidence-based practice, (2) sustainable allocation and (3) meaningful consent. 28 In the next three sections, we elaborate the ways in which one disease''s public profile, such as COVID-19''s, can become so extraordinary that it undermines evidence-based clinical practice, drives unsustainable resource allocation and authorises structural forms of coercive consent. 32 Although there are several morally justifiable reasons for off-label use in general clinical practice, our analysis focusses on the influence of disease public profile on the unapproved or emergency use of HCQ for COVID-19 without sufficient scientific evidence. In this article, we argued that the case of HCQ being touted as potential COVID-19 treatment demonstrates the dangers of a disease''s public profile becoming the overarching influence in healthcare decision-making. abstract: The controversy surrounding the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an antimalarial drug, for COVID-19 has raised numerous ethical and policy problems. Since the suggestion that HCQ has potential for COVID-19, there have been varying responses from clinicians and healthcare institutions, ranging from adoption of protocols using HCQ for routine care to the conduct of randomised controlled trials to an effective system-wide prohibition on its use for COVID-19. In this article, we argue that the concept of ‘disease public profile’ has become a prominent, if not the sole, determinant in decision-making across various healthcare responses to the pandemic. In the case of COVID-19, the disease’s public profile is based on clinical and non-clinical factors that include contagiousness, clinical presentation and media coverage. In particular, we briefly examine the dangers of a heightened public profile in magnifying the inequality of diseases and undermining three key ethical concepts, namely (1) evidence-based practice, (2) sustainable allocation and (3) meaningful consent. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32647045/ doi: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106306 id: cord-275427-00bwhaga author: Aydogdu, Ugur title: The determination of treatment effect of chitosan oligosaccharide in lambs with experimentally cryptosporidiosis date: 2019-11-30 words: 5218.0 sentences: 264.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275427-00bwhaga.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275427-00bwhaga.txt summary: Abstract In this study, it was aimed to investigate the efficacy of chitosan oligosaccharide administrations in different doses of experimental infected lambs with Cryptosporidium parvum. As a result, in lambs with experimental cryptosporidiosis, chitosan oligosaccharide improved in clinical signs and stool character shorter than the positive control group and the administration of chitosan oligosaccharide at doses of 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg for 7 days significantly reduced oocyst excretion but not enough to remove cryptosporidiosis completely. parvum in in vitro studies, we hypothesized that oral chitosan administration may be used in the treatment of lambs with experimentally cryptosporidiosis. The aim of this study was to determine the treatment efficacy of oral chitosan oligosaccharide in lambs with experimental cryptosporidiosis. According to the findings of this study, the use of chitosan oligosaccharide to be used in the treatment of experimental cryptosporidiosis at doses of 100 and/or 500 mg/kg was found to provide an earlier reduction in oocyst excretion compared to 1000 mg/kg dose. abstract: Abstract In this study, it was aimed to investigate the efficacy of chitosan oligosaccharide administrations in different doses of experimental infected lambs with Cryptosporidium parvum. 32 male lambs were used in the study and the lambs were divided into 4 groups with 8 lambs in each group. Groups 1, 2 and 3, twice a day, were administered chitosan oligosaccharide at a dose of 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg for 7 days, respectively, with milk replacer. In group 4, lambs with cryptosporidiosis were subjected to normal feeding as control without drug administration. Clinical examinations of lambs were made before treatment (day 0) and on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 after treatment and 5 ml of blood was collected from vena jugularis for blood analysis of all lambs. Weight changes of lambs were recorded at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days. Stool specimens were collected pre-treatment (day 0) and on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 post-treatment to determine oocyst excretion of lambs with cryptosporidiosis. Lambs with a mean oocyte counts >10 after stool examination were included to the treatment. Changes in clinical hematology, blood gases and biochemical parameters were observed during the course of treatment, but these changes were limited. Weight loss was observed at 7th day according to 0th day the lambs with experimental cryptosporidiosis but gradually weight increase was observed at 14th and 21st days and these changes were similar in all groups. Oocyst excretion decreased in all groups during treatment. According to 0th day, there was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in oocyte excretions in the third day in group 1 and 2, and in day 5 in the group 3 and 4. Significant changes (p < 0.05) were observed in oocyst excretions on the third and fifth days among the groups. As a result, in lambs with experimental cryptosporidiosis, chitosan oligosaccharide improved in clinical signs and stool character shorter than the positive control group and the administration of chitosan oligosaccharide at doses of 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg for 7 days significantly reduced oocyst excretion but not enough to remove cryptosporidiosis completely. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32288211/ doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.09.021 id: cord-350578-wyz5jyjh author: Bai, Li title: Chinese experts’ consensus on the Internet of Things-aided diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-12-31 words: 5447.0 sentences: 308.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350578-wyz5jyjh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350578-wyz5jyjh.txt summary: 14 We aimed to apply the COVID-19 Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Assistant Program (nCapp) based on the Internet of Things (IoT) medical technology to conduct clinical work during the COVID-19 epidemic, especially for outpatients, and quality control (QC) will assist the diagnosis and treatment, and achieve early identification, isolation, and treatment of patients with COVID-19. According to the ''''Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Program (Interim Version 6)," a patient with the positive nucleic acid testing of 2019 nCoV is considered the confirmed case. Intelligent assisted treatment for patients with mild and moderate pneumonia 14 nCapp automatically generates treatment recommendations in accordance with the guidelines of the ''''Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Program (Interim Version 6)". Intelligent assisted treatment for patients with severe pneumonia nCapp automatically generates a prompt treatment recommendations in accordance with the ''Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Program (Interim Version 6)''. abstract: Abstract The aim is to diagnose COVID-19 earlier and to improve its treatment by applying medical technology, the “COVID-19 Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Assistant Program (nCapp)” based on the Internet of Things. Terminal eight functions can be implemented in real-time online communication with the “cloud” through the page selection key. According to existing data, questionnaires, and check results, the diagnosis is automatically generated as confirmed, suspected, or suspicious of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection. It classifies patients into mild, moderate, severe or critical pneumonia. nCapp can also establish an online COVID-19 real-time update database, and it updates the model of diagnosis in real time based on the latest real-world case data to improve diagnostic accuracy. Additionally, nCapp can guide treatment. Front-line physicians, experts, and managers are linked to perform consultation and prevention. nCapp also contributes to the long-term follow-up of patients with COVID-19. The ultimate goal is to enable different levels of COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment among different doctors from different hospitals to upgrade to the national and international through the intelligent assistance of the nCapp system. In this way, we can block disease transmission, avoid physician infection, and epidemic prevention and control as soon as possible. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2588914120300046 doi: 10.1016/j.ceh.2020.03.001 id: cord-318797-iswxlbhb author: Bastier, P L title: Treatment of sleep apnea by ENT specialists during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-11 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Abstract The treatment of sleep disorders has been strongly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. When the lockdown is over, resumption of usual patient care will require precautions to limit the risk of contamination for patients and caregivers. In this document, the French Association of Otorhinolaryngology and Sleep disorders (AFSORL) and the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology (SFORL) put forward a summary of the measures for continuing the treatment of sleep apnoea syndrome in these new practice conditions. Emphasis is placed on teleconsultation, methods of nocturnal sleep studies, the conditions for treatment by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation, and the postponement of more invasive treatments. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1879729620301204 doi: 10.1016/j.anorl.2020.05.001 id: cord-342128-x6z4nvt3 author: Ben-Arye, Eran title: Feasibility of an online integrative oncology treatment program during COVID-19 date: 2020-11-12 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0885392420308745 doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.11.009 id: cord-016960-xhzvp35g author: Berencsi, György title: Fetal and Neonatal Illnesses Caused or Influenced by Maternal Transplacental IgG and/or Therapeutic Antibodies Applied During Pregnancy date: 2012-03-08 words: 17693.0 sentences: 1045.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-016960-xhzvp35g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-016960-xhzvp35g.txt summary: The importance of maternal anti-idiotypic antibodies are believed to prime the fetal immune system with epitopes of etiologic agents infected the mother during her whole life before pregnancy and delivery. Neonatal lupus is a model of passively acquired autoimmunity in which a mother-, who may have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or Sj€ ogren''s syndrome (SS) or may be entirely asymptomatic-synthesizes antibodies to SSA/Ro and/or SSB/ La ribonucleoproteins that enter the fetal circulation via trophoblast FcRn receptors and presumably cause tissue injury (Lee 1990 ) as mentioned above. Teplizumab (CD3-specific, hOKT3g1-Ala-Ala), a humanized Fc mutated anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody induced tolerance, on the progression of type 1 diabetes in patients with recent-onset disease even 2 years after the first diagnosis (Herold et al. Clinical and immune responses in resected colon cancer patients treated with anti-idiotype monoclonal antibody vaccine that mimics the carcinoembryonic antigen Clinical use of anti-CD25 antibody daclizumab to enhance immune responses to tumor antigen vaccination by targeting regulatory T cells abstract: The human fetus is protected by the mother’s antibodies. At the end of the pregnancy, the concentration of maternal antibodies is higher in the cord blood, than in the maternal circulation. Simultaneously, the immune system of the fetus begins to work and from the second trimester, fetal IgM is produced by the fetal immune system specific to microorganisms and antigens passing the maternal-fetal barrier. The same time the fetal immune system has to cope and develop tolerance and T(REG) cells to the maternal microchimeric cells, latent virus-carrier maternal cells and microorganisms transported through the maternal-fetal barrier. The maternal phenotypic inheritance may hide risks for the newborn, too. Antibody mediated enhancement results in dengue shock syndrome in the first 8 month of age of the baby. A series of pathologic maternal antibodies may elicit neonatal illnesses upon birth usually recovering during the first months of the life of the offspring. Certain antibodies, however, may impair the fetal or neonatal tissues or organs resulting prolonged recovery or initiating prolonged pathological processes of the children. The importance of maternal anti-idiotypic antibodies are believed to prime the fetal immune system with epitopes of etiologic agents infected the mother during her whole life before pregnancy and delivery. The chemotherapeutical and biological substances used for the therapy of the mother will be transcytosed into the fetal body during the last two trimesters of pregnancy. The long series of the therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and conjugates has not been tested systematically yet. The available data are summarised in this chapter. The innate immunity plays an important role in fetal defence. The concentration of interferon is relative high in the placenta. This is probably one reason, why the therapeutic interferon treatment of the mother does not impair the fetal development. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121401/ doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-4216-1_9 id: cord-255781-55zrmgxq author: Bergman, Scott J. title: Interferons as Therapeutic Agents for Infectious Diseases date: 2011-12-31 words: 6408.0 sentences: 376.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255781-55zrmgxq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255781-55zrmgxq.txt summary: These agents consist of naturally occurring small proteins with molecular weights of 15,000 to 27,600 Da. 3 Each is considered a first-line option for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in combination with ribavirin. Along with the list of additional indications approved by the Food and Drug Administration shown in Table 1 , IFN-a was shown to be an effective treatment for the symptoms of an aggressive case of chronic active Epstein-Barr virus, but did not eliminate infection entirely. IFNs have been tested repeatedly against infectious diseases, but injections are used mostly for the treatment of viral hepatitis C and prevention of infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease clinically. Phase 1b study of pegylated interferon lambda 1 with or without ribavirin in patients with chronic genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection abstract: This article explains the rationale for development of interferons as therapeutic agents, and describes commercial products available today. It also provides a summary of studies that have been performed with interferons for use as exogenous biological response modifiers in viral infections. Overall, the best data exist for treatment of viral hepatitis B and C, for which interferons are a cornerstone of therapy. Although infections with human papillomavirus and common cold viruses sometimes respond favorably to interferons, their outcomes are far from ideal. Finally, the role of interferons as vaccine adjuvants is still being explored but could be promising. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0891552011000560 doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2011.07.008 id: cord-289457-06gwrpu0 author: Berth, Sarah H. title: Secondary Causes of Myositis date: 2020-10-06 words: 3811.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 29.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289457-06gwrpu0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289457-06gwrpu0.txt summary: The term "myositis" is often used interchangeably with "idiopathic inflammatory myopathy" (IIM), referring to primary autoimmune diseases of muscle including dermatomyositis, inclusion body myositis (IBM), antisynthetase syndrome, and necrotizing autoimmune myopathy [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] . Another case series of three patients with dermatomyositis-associated cGVHD showed improvement with immunosuppression via combination treatment of corticosteroids, tacrolimus, rituximab, mycophenolate mofetil, and/or IVIG [43] . Patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis that underwent intensive aerobic exercise combined with resistance training in a randomized controlled trial have improved muscle function, quality of life, and possible reduced disease activity [89] . A pilot study of 20 patients with refractory dermatomyositis or polymyositis using abatacept found that almost half of their patients showed reduced disease activity and improved muscle performance after treatment for 6 months [98] , and there is now a phase III, randomized, double-blind trial to further evaluate abatacept for myositis treatment (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02971683). abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively evaluate secondary causes of inflammatory myopathies (myositis) and to review treatment options. RECENT FINDINGS: This review highlights recent advancements in our understanding of known causes of myositis, including newer drugs that may cause myositis such as checkpoint inhibitors and viruses such as influenza, HIV, and SARS-CoV2. We also discuss treatment for malignancy-associated myositis and overlap myositis, thought to be a separate entity from other rheumatologic diseases. SUMMARY: Infections, drugs, rheumatologic diseases, and malignancies are important causes of myositis and are important to diagnose as they may have specific therapies beyond immunomodulatory therapy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33041620/ doi: 10.1007/s11940-020-00646-0 id: cord-313294-ffgo56gl author: Bertsimas, D. title: Personalized Prescription of ACEI/ARBs for Hypertensive COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-11-04 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted an international effort to develop and repurpose medications and procedures to effectively combat the disease. Several groups have focused on the potential treatment utility of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) for hypertensive COVID-19 patients, with inconclusive evidence thus far. We couple electronic medical record (EMR) and registry data of 3,643 patients from Spain, Italy, Germany, Ecuador, and the US with a machine learning framework to personalize the prescription of ACEIs and ARBs to hypertensive COVID-19 patients. Our approach leverages clinical and demographic information to identify hospitalized individuals whose probability of mortality or morbidity can decrease by prescribing this class of drugs. In particular, the algorithm proposes increasing ACEI/ARBs prescriptions for patients with cardiovascular disease and decreasing prescriptions for those with low oxygen saturation at admission. We show that personalized recommendations can improve patient outcomes by 1.0% compared to the standard of care when applied to external populations. We develop an interactive interface for our algorithm, providing physicians with an actionable tool to easily assess treatment alternatives and inform clinical decisions. This work offers the first personalized recommendation system to accurately evaluate the efficacy and risks of prescribing ACEIs and ARBs to hypertensive COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.30.20223594 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.30.20223594 id: cord-336563-hwemigk7 author: Bhimraj, Adarsh title: Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-27 words: 8308.0 sentences: 448.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336563-hwemigk7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336563-hwemigk7.txt summary: Given the rapidity of emerging literature, IDSA identified the need to develop living, frequently updated evidence-based guidelines to support patients, clinicians and other health-care professionals in their decisions about treatment and management of patients with COVID-19. Two RCTs of patients with confirmed COVID-19 with mild pneumonia (e.g., positive CT scan without oxygen requirement) or non-severe infection admitted to the hospital treated with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) reported on mortality at 14 days, clinical progression (radiological progression on CT scan), clinical improvement, failure of virologic clearance (PCR), and adverse events (both) [11, 12] (Table 1 ). In addition, we identified four publications describing three trials of combination treatment with HCQ plus azithromycin (AZ) among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 reporting on the outcomes of mortality, failure of virologic clearance (assessed with PCR test), and adverse events (i.e., significant QT prolongation leading to treatment discontinuation) [13] [14] [15] [16] (Table 2) . abstract: BACKGROUND: There are many pharmacologic therapies that are being used or considered for treatment of COVID-19. There is a need for frequently updated practice guidelines on their use, based on critical evaluation of rapidly emerging literature. OBJECTIVE: Develop evidence-based rapid guidelines intended to support patients, clinicians and other health-care professionals in their decisions about treatment and management of patients with COVID-19. METHODS: IDSA formed a multidisciplinary guideline panel of infectious disease clinicians, pharmacists, and methodologists with varied areas of expertise. Process followed a rapid recommendation checklist. The panel prioritized questions and outcomes. Then a systematic review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature was conducted. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the certainty of evidence and make recommendations. RESULTS: The IDSA guideline panel agreed on 7 treatment recommendations and provided narrative summaries of other treatments undergoing evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: The panel expressed the overarching goal that patients be recruited into ongoing trials, which would provide much needed evidence on the efficacy and safety of various therapies for COVID-19, given that we could not make a determination whether the benefits outweigh harms for most treatments. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa478 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa478 id: cord-252984-79jzkdu2 author: Bickman, Leonard title: Improving Mental Health Services: A 50-Year Journey from Randomized Experiments to Artificial Intelligence and Precision Mental Health date: 2020-07-26 words: 35534.0 sentences: 1845.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252984-79jzkdu2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252984-79jzkdu2.txt summary: I describe five principal causes of this failure, which I attribute primarily, but not solely, to methodological limitations of RCTs. Lastly, I make the case for why I think AI and the parallel movement of precision medicine embody approaches that are needed to augment, but probably not replace, our current research and development efforts in the field of mental health services. (1) harmonize terminology and specify MBC''s core components; (2) develop criterion standard methods for monitoring fidelity and reporting quality of implementation; (3) develop algorithms for MBC to guide psychotherapy; (4) test putative mechanisms of change, particularly for psychotherapy; (5) develop brief and psychometrically strong measures for use in combination; (6) assess the critical timing of administration needed to optimize patient outcomes; (7) streamline measurement feedback systems to include only key ingredients and enhance electronic health record interoperability; (8) identify discrete strategies to support implementation; (9) make evidence-based policy decisions; and (10) align reimbursement structures. abstract: This conceptual paper describes the current state of mental health services, identifies critical problems, and suggests how to solve them. I focus on the potential contributions of artificial intelligence and precision mental health to improving mental health services. Toward that end, I draw upon my own research, which has changed over the last half century, to highlight the need to transform the way we conduct mental health services research. I identify exemplars from the emerging literature on artificial intelligence and precision approaches to treatment in which there is an attempt to personalize or fit the treatment to the client in order to produce more effective interventions. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-020-01065-8 doi: 10.1007/s10488-020-01065-8 id: cord-262339-e2ayh108 author: Bohner, Lauren title: 2019-nCoV: Measures Adopted at the Departments of Oral Surgery and Radiology during the Period of an Uncontrolled Transmission Increase date: 2020-06-08 words: 1663.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262339-e2ayh108.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262339-e2ayh108.txt summary: The use of protective equipment and dental office isolation were the major points to avoid the contact between infected and non-infected patients. Thus, preventive measures, such as the use of protection equipment, personal hygiene and ventilated rooms, are essential to avoid contamination [2] . The purpose of this report is to describe the protocol adopted by the Departments of Oral Surgery and Radiology, Hospital University Münster, to avoid the cross infection of professionals and patients during the phase of an uncontrolled transmission increase. Usual measures, such as use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and disinfection protocol after each patient consultation, should be respected. All patients should be considered to be infected, and some aspects must be taken into consideration during the dental treatment: -Patient''s screening, as the avoidance of contact between COVID and non-COVID patients, are important measures to prevent spread of the disease; - abstract: A new mutation of 2019-nCoV emerged and has been spreading worldwide. Dental practices are an important person-to-person transmission route. In this regard, preventive measures are required to avoid the cross contamination among professionals and patients. This report brings recommended measures for dental assistance during the pandemic phase. The clinical protocol applied at the Department of Oral Maxillofacial and Surgery, such as at the Department of Radiology, Hospital University Münster, is described. A management protocol was applied to prevent the transmission route of 2019-nCoV. Patients infected with 2019-nCoV are treated only in emergency situations. The use of protective equipment and dental office isolation were the major points to avoid the contact between infected and non-infected patients. Preventive measures should be taken in order to reduce the spread of 2019-nCoV infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32521726/ doi: 10.3390/dj8020057 id: cord-294593-mh1uh1b3 author: Boloori, Alireza title: Misalignment of Stakeholder Incentives in the Opioid Crisis date: 2020-10-16 words: 6457.0 sentences: 305.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294593-mh1uh1b3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294593-mh1uh1b3.txt summary: Some of these issues include the inefficacy of conventional payment mechanisms in providing incentives for providers, practice guidelines in pain management that are not easily implementable across different medical specialties, barriers in adopting multi-modal pain management strategies, low capacity of providers/treatments to address opioid/substance use disorders, the complexity of addressing the co-occurrence of chronic pain and opioid use disorders, and patients'' non-adherence to opioid substitution treatments. These include the implementation of prescription drug monitoring programs [54, 55] , statewide Medicaid program initiatives such as coordinated care organizations [56] [57] [58] , educational outreach and academic detailing for providers [59] [60] [61] , advances in medicine/surgery that lower post-surgical dependence on narcotics [62, 63] , the fentanyl patch-for-patch program [64] , pharmacy consult intervention [65] , quality measure development and/or quality improvement [66] , using data analytics to predict the risk of overdose [67] , and schedule change of opioid analgesics [68] . abstract: The current opioid epidemic has killed more than 446,000 Americans over the past two decades. Despite the magnitude of the crisis, little is known to what degree the misalignment of incentives among stakeholders due to competing interests has contributed to the current situation. In this study, we explore evidence in the literature for the working hypothesis that misalignment rooted in the cost, quality, or access to care can be a significant contributor to the opioid epidemic. The review identified several problems that can contribute to incentive misalignment by compromising the triple aims (cost, quality, and access) in this epidemic. Some of these issues include the inefficacy of conventional payment mechanisms in providing incentives for providers, practice guidelines in pain management that are not easily implementable across different medical specialties, barriers in adopting multi-modal pain management strategies, low capacity of providers/treatments to address opioid/substance use disorders, the complexity of addressing the co-occurrence of chronic pain and opioid use disorders, and patients’ non-adherence to opioid substitution treatments. In discussing these issues, we also shed light on factors that can facilitate the alignment of incentives among stakeholders to effectively address the current crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207535 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207535 id: cord-022237-qxya4cs3 author: Bryant, Everett title: Biology and Diseases of Birds date: 2013-11-17 words: 13390.0 sentences: 1178.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022237-qxya4cs3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022237-qxya4cs3.txt summary: The bird fits into the overall taxonomic scheme as follows: Specific pathogen-free (SPF) fertile eggs, day-old chicks, or Kingdom, Animal; Phylum, Chordata; Class, Aves; Order, 27 started pullets are available for use in research. A clear outline of the gen-free chickens or eggs come from breeding stock negative avian orders listing the common names of birds in each may be to diseases caused by mycoplasmas, Newcastle disease, infecfound in Steiner and Davis (1981) . Chickens, turkeys, and other birds require the six major nu trients: carbohydrates for energy, fats for energy and essential fatty acids, protein for meat and egg production, minerals for bones and shells, vitamins for chemical catalysts, and water. Fowl cholera, an acute septicémie disease of poultry, turkeys, waterfowl, and wild birds, is caused by Pasteurella multocida, a gram-negative, bipolar rod (Panigraphy and Glass, 1982) . Herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) Marek''s vaccine should be administered to all birds at 1 day of age to prevent the disease. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7155475/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-263620-2.50019-7 id: cord-266147-s8rxzm0t author: Burnouf, Thierry title: Modern Plasma Fractionation date: 2007-03-28 words: 8805.0 sentences: 442.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266147-s8rxzm0t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266147-s8rxzm0t.txt summary: Modern plasma product production technology remains largely based on the ethanol fractionation process, but much has evolved in the last few years to improve product purity, to enhance the recovery of immunoglobulin G, and to isolate new plasma proteins, such as α1-protease inhibitor, von Willebrand factor, and protein C. A complete set of measures-and, most particularly, the use of dedicated viral inactivation and removal treatments-has been implemented throughout the production chain of fractionated plasma products over the last 20 years to ensure optimal safety, in particular, and not exclusively, against HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus. In the last few years, the complexity of the fractionation process has increased by (a) the introduction of chromatography to isolate new proteins from existing fractions such as cryoprecipitate, cryo-poor plasma, and Cohn fractions; (b) the integration of chromatography to the ethanol fractionation process to increase IgG recovery; and (c) the implementation of dedicated viral inactivation or removal steps. abstract: Protein products fractionated from human plasma are an essential class of therapeutics used, often as the only available option, in the prevention, management, and treatment of life-threatening conditions resulting from trauma, congenital deficiencies, immunologic disorders, or infections. Modern plasma product production technology remains largely based on the ethanol fractionation process, but much has evolved in the last few years to improve product purity, to enhance the recovery of immunoglobulin G, and to isolate new plasma proteins, such as α1-protease inhibitor, von Willebrand factor, and protein C. Because of the human origin of the starting material and the pooling of 10 000 to 50 000 donations required for industrial processing, the major risk associated to plasma products is the transmission of blood-borne infectious agents. A complete set of measures—and, most particularly, the use of dedicated viral inactivation and removal treatments—has been implemented throughout the production chain of fractionated plasma products over the last 20 years to ensure optimal safety, in particular, and not exclusively, against HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus. In this review, we summarize the practices of the modern plasma fractionation industry from the collection of the raw plasma material to the industrial manufacture of fractionated products. We describe the quality requirements of plasma for fractionation and the various treatments applied for the inactivation and removal of blood-borne infectious agents and provide examples of methods used for the purification of the various classes of plasma protein therapies. We also highlight aspects of the good manufacturing practices and the regulatory environment that govern the whole chain of production. In a regulated and professional environment, fractionated plasma products manufactured by modern processes are certainly among the lowest-risk therapeutic biological products in use today. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0887796306000940 doi: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2006.11.001 id: cord-342588-berrojmq author: Burri, Christian title: Sleeping Sickness at the Crossroads date: 2020-04-08 words: 5879.0 sentences: 240.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342588-berrojmq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342588-berrojmq.txt summary: The development of this orally active compound is described in detail in the papers of Neau et al., and Dickie et al., Fexinidazole received a positive scientific opinion from the European Medicines Agency for treatment of Gambiense HAT in late 2018, it was approved by the drug regulatory authority of the DRC and added to the WHO list of essential medicines in 2019, and the first official application in the DRC happened at the end of January 2020 on World NTD day in a public ceremony. In 2012, the World Health Organization, which has played an instrumental role in the control, set the goal for the elimination of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (gHAT), as a public health problem for 2020 and for the total interruption of transmission to humans for 2030. abstract: Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT; sleeping sickness) is a disease with truly historic dimensions [...]. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32276514/ doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed5020057 id: cord-323683-9h9mld6x author: Butler, M. title: Virus Removal by Disinfection of Effluents date: 2013-11-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The safe disposal of effluents can present a major problem to large urban communities because of their inevitable content of potentially pathogenic enteric viruses. At least one hundred types of virus may be present although many of these are difficult or even impossible to characterise under these conditions. Wastewater treatment does not greatly effect the survival of many enteric viruses and some survive well even after effluent disposal. The use of disinfectants for the inactivation of virus in effluent is practicable but requires careful manipulation in order to avoid the disemination of byproducts toxic to man or capable of interferring with the ecology of the receiving waters or soils. No one system is likely to be either universally acceptable because of the variable quality of effluents and much research remains to be done before guidelines can be recommended or established. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080264011500257 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-08-026401-1.50025-7 id: cord-323940-ubazgvov author: Cafiero, Concetta title: Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics: In Silico Prediction of Drug Effects in Treatments for Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV2 Disease date: 2020-10-13 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The latest developments in precision medicine allow the modulation of therapeutic approaches in different pathologies on the basis of the specific molecular characterization of the patient. This review of the literature coupled with in silico analysis was to provide a selected screening of interactions between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and drugs (repurposed, investigational, and biological agents) showing efficacy and toxicityin counteracting Covid-19 infection. In silico analysis of genetic variants related to each drug was performed on such databases as PharmGKB, Ensembl Genome Browser, www.drugs.com, and SNPedia, with an extensive literature review of papers (to May 10, 2020) on Covid-19 treatments using Medline, Embase, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, PharmGKB, and Google Scholar. The clinical relevance of SNPs, known as both drug targets and markers, considering genetic variations with known drug responses, and the therapeutic consequences are discussed. In the context of clinical treatment of Covid-19, including infection prevention, control measures, and supportive care, this review highlights the importance of a personalized approach in the final selection of therapy, which is probably essential in the management of the Covid-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/pgpm.s270069 doi: 10.2147/pgpm.s270069 id: cord-317246-8c7d5ynz author: Cagetti, Maria Grazia title: Could SARS‐CoV‐2 burst the use of Non‐Invasive and Minimally Invasive treatments in paediatric dentistry? date: 2020-08-03 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12679 doi: 10.1111/ipd.12679 id: cord-010570-ytv7dwr0 author: Casadevall, Arturo title: Return to the Past: The Case for Antibody-Based Therapies in Infectious Diseases date: 1995-07-17 words: 7469.0 sentences: 454.0 pages: flesch: 31.0 cache: ./cache/cord-010570-ytv7dwr0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010570-ytv7dwr0.txt summary: In the preantibiotic era, passive antibody administration (serum therapy) was useful for the treatment of many infectious diseases. We briefly review the use of antibody-based therapy in the early 20th century and make the case for reintroducing passive antibody administration for the treatment ofinfectious diseases. Given the diminishing efficacy of existing antimicrobials because of widespread resistance and the difficulties of treating infections in immunosuppressed individuals, the reintroduction of antibody-based therapies is an option that should be given serious consideration. Thus, antibody therapy is still widely used in medicine, but its role in the treatment of infections is limited largely to viral and toxin neutralization and replacement therapy in patients with immunoglobulin deficiencies. In the past, serum therapy was effective against various pathogens despite the fact that immune sera contained only small amounts of specific antibody. Antibody-based therapies have traditionally been most effective in infections where viral and toxin neutralization modifies the course of the disease. abstract: In the preantibiotic era, passive antibody administration (serum therapy) was useful for the treatment of many infectious diseases. The introduction of antimicrobial chemotherapy in the 1940s led to the rapid abandonment of many forms of passive antibody therapy. Chemotherapy was more effective and less toxic than antibody therapy. In this last decade of the 20th century the efficacy of antimicrobial chemotherapy is diminishing because of the rapidly escalating number of immunocompromised individuals, the emergence of new pathogens, the reemergence of old pathogens, and widespread development of resistance to antimicrobial drugs. This diminishment in the effectiveness of chemotherapy has been paralleled by advances in monoclonal antibody technology that have made feasible the generation of human antibodies. This combination of factors makes passive antibody therapy an option worthy of serious consideration. We propose that for every pathogen there exists an antibody that will modify the infection to the benefit of the host. Such antibodies are potential antimicrobial agents. Antibody-based therapies have significant advantages and disadvantages relative to standard chemotherapy. The reintroduction of antibody-based therapy would require major changes in the practices of infectious disease specialists. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7197598/ doi: 10.1093/clinids/21.1.150 id: cord-288935-uwpkb6lm author: Cavaliere, Giulia title: Non-essential treatment? Sub-fertility in the time of COVID-19 (and beyond) date: 2020-08-31 words: 2019.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288935-uwpkb6lm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288935-uwpkb6lm.txt summary: But -and there is a ''but'' to all this -for fertility patients and those longing to have (their own, genetically related) children, questioning the social value of fertility treatments, and what is, to them their preferred parenthood project, may come across as disregarding something that they feel very strongly about. While I would argue that it is important to question the social value of genetic relatedness and mitigate the negative effects that social norms can have on women and couples, I have also strong normative and conceptual views on the need to protect and promote prospective parents'' reproductive freedom and enable them to satisfy their preferred parenthood project. Framing fertility treatments as ''essential'' and a priority for the state during a pandemic, and increasing funding in normal times may lend support to the view that having a genetically related child is indeed the only valuable way of becoming a parent. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1472648320304004 doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.07.029 id: cord-031978-l6nlrv9h author: Chauvenet, Alienor title: Panel sampling in health research date: 2020-09-16 words: 1431.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031978-l6nlrv9h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031978-l6nlrv9h.txt summary: Carsten Hjorthøj and colleagues question the extent to which the effects of cannabidiol as a pharmacological treatment for cannabis use disorder might be clinically meaningful. The Lancet Psychiatry, Matthias Pierce and colleagues 1,2 identify the importance of sampling in studying mental health effects of COVID-19. It seems that self-selected commercial survey panels in general might be biased towards mentally unhealthy or unhappy individuals. Despite great interest in the discontinuation of antipsychotic medication, few individuals can equally accept either treatment group in a randomised discontinuation trial, because the decision to maintain or discontinue is too important to be left to randomisation. Second, clinical cohort studies including individuals who discontinue antipsychotic medication should be done to generate precise knowledge about the proportion and The Dutch MESIFOS study 1 found that more patients achieved long term functional remission in the group who were assigned to early discontinuation of antipsychotic medication after 6 months of remission, compared with those who were assigned to maintenance treatment. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7494318/ doi: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30358-8 id: cord-327865-xxov2x33 author: Cisneros, B.J. title: Safe Sanitation in Low Economic Development Areas date: 2011-01-24 words: 30255.0 sentences: 1637.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327865-xxov2x33.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327865-xxov2x33.txt summary: As part of the text and to face the requirements for poor rural and urban areas and water-scarce regions, basic sanitation, wastewater treatment, and water reuse alternatives are described with emphasis on their constraints and limitations for developing countries. In addition, in the developed countries, the term sanitation applies not only to the installation of sewers but also to the full implementation of systems for the safe disposal and reuse of treated wastewater, sludge, and septage. In addition, they offer the following benefits (Lenghton et al., 2005; Correlje and Schuetze, 2008) : (1) they allow investments to be made stepwise, in line with available funds, local development, and population growth; (2) they are used in smaller areas of service that are easier to manage; (3) they allow the use of different technologies to provide services to different socioeconomic groups; and (4) they facilitate the reuse of water on-site. abstract: This chapter presents the advances in sanitation for developing countries as well as the needs in terms of goals, standards, technology, and policy. To understand why a special chapter for low-income areas is needed, it describes the main types of pollutants, their origins, and treatment options. As part of the text and to face the requirements for poor rural and urban areas and water-scarce regions, basic sanitation, wastewater treatment, and water reuse alternatives are described with emphasis on their constraints and limitations for developing countries. Some aspects concerning the development of policies, costs, and funding to fulfill the Millennium Development Goals are also included. The importance of developing innovative solutions that can be sustainable, affordable, and progressively implemented is discussed. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780444531995000828 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53199-5.00082-8 id: cord-351555-hsgsuor2 author: Constantinou, Constantina title: Developing a holistic contingency plan: Challenges and dilemmas for cancer patients during the COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-20 words: 7593.0 sentences: 406.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351555-hsgsuor2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351555-hsgsuor2.txt summary: Zhang et al, 21 reported that patients who had their last anti-tumor treatment (including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation) within 14 days prior to infection with SARS-CoV-2 had a significantly increased risk of developing severe events (HR = 4.079, 95% CI 1.086-15.322, P = .037). 37, 38 In order to achieve this, in the most affected areas medical specialists, including oncologists, were asked to provide their assistance in managing patients suffering from COVID-19 requiring hospitalization in ICUs or in the departments of infectious or respiratory diseases or general internal medicine. 40 Currently, there are no official reports of how the treatment of cancer patients has been affected by the lack of resources and limited access to healthcare due to the COVID-19 pandemic in most afflicted countries. The decision should be based on the cancer type and stage, the clinical condition of the patient, the treatment indicated for the condition, the patient''s response to anticancer therapy, and the potential risks for an infection with SARS-CoV-2. abstract: During the first quarter of 2020 the world is experiencing a pandemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome‑Coronavirus‑2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), a novel beta coronavirus that is responsible for the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). The COVID‐19 pandemic revealed that healthcare systems around the world were not prepared to deal with either the direct effects of the pandemic or with the indirect effects that are imposed on the health of patients with chronic disorders such as cancer patients. Some challenges and dilemmas currently faced during the pandemic include the management of cancer patients during the treatment and follow‐up phases, the assessment of the safety of treatments currently used for the management of SARS‑CoV‑2 for use in cancer patients, the development of psychoeducation and emotional support for cancer patients and the safe conduct of clinical trials involving participation of cancer patients. Evidence from the literature supports the need for the urgent development of a holistic contingency plan which will include clear guidelines for the protection and comprehensive care of cancer patients. The implementation of such a plan is expected to have many beneficial effects by mainly minimizing the increased morbidity and mortality of cancer patients that could result as an adverse consequence of the COVID‐19 or future pandemics. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.3271 doi: 10.1002/cam4.3271 id: cord-308169-a0ft6wdy author: Custovic, A. title: EAACI position statement on asthma exacerbations and severe asthma date: 2013-11-06 words: 7710.0 sentences: 379.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308169-a0ft6wdy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308169-a0ft6wdy.txt summary: A recently published consensus statement on severe asthma broadened the concept of ''difficult asthma'' to reflect the situation in less developed countries, where access to medications and appropriate care is a major issue, by defining three different patient groups including un(der)treated symptomatic patients, patients with low treatment adherence or unconventional therapies, and those remaining symptomatic despite high doses of anti-asthmatic therapies (13, 14) . Other similar initiatives included the EU-sponsored Unbiased Biomarkers for the Prediction of Respiratory Disease Outcomes (U-BIOPRED) consortium that has published a consensus-based systematic algorithm approach to differentiate between ''problematic'', ''difficult'' and ''severe refractory'' asthma in the evaluation of patients with chronic severe asthma symptoms for use in clinical research and specialized care (73) . These treatment options for patients with severe asthma who remain symptomatic despite adhering to standard medical care include novel anti-inflammatory drugs that have been shown in preliminary studies to be effective in treating airway inflammation in asthma and so warrant further investigation (32, (83) (84) (85) (86) , and other novel approaches such as bronchial thermoplasty (87) . abstract: Asthma exacerbations and severe asthma are linked with high morbidity, significant mortality and high treatment costs. Recurrent asthma exacerbations cause a decline in lung function and, in childhood, are linked to development of persistent asthma. This position paper, from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, highlights the shortcomings of current treatment guidelines for patients suffering from frequent asthma exacerbations and those with difficult‐to‐treat asthma and severe treatment‐resistant asthma. It reviews current evidence that supports a call for increased awareness of (i) the seriousness of asthma exacerbations and (ii) the need for novel treatment strategies in specific forms of severe treatment‐resistant asthma. There is strong evidence linking asthma exacerbations with viral airway infection and underlying deficiencies in innate immunity and evidence of a synergism between viral infection and allergic mechanisms in increasing risk of exacerbations. Nonadherence to prescribed medication has been identified as a common clinical problem amongst adults and children with difficult‐to‐control asthma. Appropriate diagnosis, assessment of adherence and other potentially modifiable factors (such as passive or active smoking, ongoing allergen exposure, psychosocial factors) have to be a priority in clinical assessment of all patients with difficult‐to‐control asthma. Further studies with improved designs and new diagnostic tools are needed to properly characterize (i) the pathophysiology and risk of asthma exacerbations, and (ii) the clinical and pathophysiological heterogeneity of severe asthma. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24410781/ doi: 10.1111/all.12275 id: cord-353013-7cx0gnum author: DENG, Pengbo title: Bronchial Fistula: Rare Complication of Treatment with Anlotinib date: 2020-10-20 words: 4357.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353013-7cx0gnum.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353013-7cx0gnum.txt summary: The six patients shared some common characteristics: advanced age, male, concurrent infection symptoms, diabetes mellitus (DM), advanced squamous cell and small cell lung cancers, centrally located tumors, tumor measuring ≥5 cm in longest diameter, and newly formed tumor cavitation after multi-line treatment especially after receiving radiotherapy. Case 2: A 63-year-old Chinese male smoker diagnosed with squamous cell cancer of the right lung [epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 19del, stage IVb] in 2016, with a history of diabetes mellitus (DM) (poorly controlled), who successively received the following: four series of chemotherapy cycles with gemcitabine (GEM)+carboplatin (CBP); four months of targeted therapy (icotinib); 36 Gy (3 Gy×12 fractions) sequential radiation therapy on the lung tumor and mediastinal lymph node metastasis; and two chemotherapy cycles with paclitaxel (PTX); was started on anlotinib (orally, 12 mg once daily on day 1 to 14 of a 21-day cycle) in 2018 for four months. abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Anlotinib is a newly developed small molecule multiple receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor that was approved for the treatment of patients with lung cancer in China. We aim to report 3 cases of rare complication of anlotinib-bronchial fistula (BF) during the treatment of lung cancer patients and summarize the possible causes. METHODS: We collected three patients who developed BF due to anlotinib treatment, and conducted a search of Medline and PubMed for medical literature published between 2018 and 2020 using the following search terms: "anlotinib, " "lung cancer, " and "fistula." RESULTS: Our literature search produced two case reports (three patients) which, in addition to our three patients. We collated the patients' clinical characteristics including demographic information, cancer type, imaging features, treatment received, risk factors for anlotinib related BF, and treatment-related outcomes. The six patients shared some common characteristics: advanced age, male, concurrent infection symptoms, diabetes mellitus (DM), advanced squamous cell and small cell lung cancers, centrally located tumors, tumor measuring ≥5 cm in longest diameter, and newly formed tumor cavitation after multi-line treatment especially after receiving radiotherapy. Fistula types included broncho-pericardial fistula, broncho-pleural fistula, and esophago-tracheobronchial fistula. Six patients all died within 6 months. CONCLUSION: Although anlotinib is relatively safe, it is still necessary to pay attention to the occurrence of BF, a rare treatment side effect that threatens the quality of life and overall survival of patients. Anlotinib, therefore, requires selective use and close observation of high-risk patients. url: https://doi.org/10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2020.102.40 doi: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2020.102.40 id: cord-301370-nie7n6b5 author: Day, M.A. title: A randomized trial to examine the mechanisms of cognitive, behavioral and mindfulness-based psychosocial treatments for chronic pain: Study protocol date: 2020-04-14 words: 5569.0 sentences: 261.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301370-nie7n6b5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301370-nie7n6b5.txt summary: authors: Day, M.A.; Ehde, D.M.; Burns, J.; Ward, L.C.; Friedly, J.L.; Thorn, B.E.; Ciol, M.A.; Mendoza, E.; Chan, J.F.; Battalio, S.; Borckardt, J.; Jensen, M.P. title: A randomized trial to examine the mechanisms of cognitive, behavioral and mindfulness-based psychosocial treatments for chronic pain: Study protocol This randomized trial will evaluate the mechanisms of three chronic pain treatments: cognitive therapy (CT), mindfulness meditation (MM), and activation skills (AS). We will determine the extent to which late-treatment improvement in pain interference is predicted by early-treatment changes in three primary mechanism variables: cognitive content (i.e., catastrophizing), cognitive process (i.e., mindful non-judgment), and/or activity level (i.e., ActiGraph "activity counts"). Specifically germane to this proposal, we have conducted numerous clinical trials examining psychological interventions based on the techniques investigated in this study for CLBP and other pain conditions [19] [20] [21] [22] , including telehealth assessment and treatment delivery [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] . abstract: This randomized trial will evaluate the mechanisms of three chronic pain treatments: cognitive therapy (CT), mindfulness meditation (MM), and activation skills (AS). We will determine the extent to which late-treatment improvement in primary outcome (pain interference) is predicted by early-treatment changes in cognitive content, cognitive process, and/or activity level. The shared versus specific role of these mechanisms across the three treatments will be evaluated during treatment (Primary Aim), and immediately post-treatment to examine relapse mechanisms (Secondary Aim). We will enroll 300 individuals with chronic pain (with low back pain as a primary or secondary condition), with 240 projected to complete the study. Participants will be randomly assigned to eight, 1.5 h telehealth group sessions of CT, MM, or AS. Mechanisms and outcomes will be assessed twice daily during 2-week baseline, 4-week treatment period, and 4-week post-treatment epoch via random cue-elicited ecological momentary assessment (EMA); activity level will be monitored during these time epochs via daily monitoring with ActiGraph technology. The primary outcome will be measured by the PROMIS 5-item Pain Interference scale. Structural equation modeling (SEM) will be used to test the primary aims. This study is pre-registered on clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03687762). This study will determine the temporal sequence of lagged mediation effects to evaluate rates of change in outcome as a function of change in mediators. The findings will provide an empirical basis for enhancing and streamlining psychosocial chronic pain interventions. Further, results will guide future efforts towards optimizing maintenance of gains to effectively reduce relapse risk. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1551714420300781 doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.106000 id: cord-021555-rrverrsj author: Delano, Margaret L. title: Biology and Diseases of Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, and Cattle date: 2007-09-02 words: 71765.0 sentences: 5075.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-021555-rrverrsj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-021555-rrverrsj.txt summary: These references also provide information regarding vaccination products licensed for use in ruminants and typical herd and flock vaccination parasite control schedules ("Current Veterinary Therapy," 1986 , 1999 "Council report," 1994; "Large Animal Internal Medicine," 1996; Smith and Sherman, 1994) When designing a vaccination program during qualification of a source or at the research facility, it is important to evaluate the local disease incidence and the potential for exposure. Clinical signs in chronic cases in older animals, such as adult goats, include soft stools, weight loss, anorexia, depression, and severe diarrhea, sometimes with mucus and blood. This pathogen does present a complication due to the carrier status of some animals, the likelihood of herd outbreaks, the severity of disease in younger animals, and the morbidity, possible progression to uveitis, and time and treatment costs associated with infections. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7150219/ doi: 10.1016/b978-012263951-7/50017-x id: cord-263189-5ukn2xbr author: Di Girolamo, Nicola title: Medical and Surgical Emergencies in Ferrets date: 2016-04-28 words: 4791.0 sentences: 320.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263189-5ukn2xbr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263189-5ukn2xbr.txt summary: 14 Emergency treatment of hypocalcemic seizures is managed by CRI administration of calcium gluconate at 2 to 3 mg/kg/h, with continuous ECG monitoring controlling for bradycardia, ventricular premature complexes/contractions, or shortening of the QT interval (Fig. 8) . 27 However, in the author''s clinical experience, transfusion is safely performed even with blood samples obtained from the cranial vena cava with a 23-G needle and use of a 170-mm clot filter (Fig. 13) . Human chorionic gonadotropin (100 IU) Medroxyprogesterone (15 mg) Proligestone (40 mg) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 20 mg/kg) Long-term depot GnRH agonists (4.7 mg deslorelin acetate [Suprelorin, Virbac]) Hyperestrogenism from adrenal hyperplasia or neoplasia Current therapies for adrenal disease in ferrets include medical and/or surgical treatment. Systemic hypertension may be associated with CHF and renal disease, and blood pressure should be closely monitored in ferrets with cardiac disorders (Fig. 41, Video 6 ). Constant rate infusion of glucagon as an emergency treatment for hypoglycemia in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) abstract: In the last few years, significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment of ferret emergencies has occurred. Scientific advances demonstrated the need of specific practices when dealing with emergencies in ferrets. The risk of overdiagnosis of hypoglycemia with human portable blood glucose meters is a clear example. The purpose of this article is to describe the current approach to common medical and surgical emergencies in ferrets. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1094919416000074 doi: 10.1016/j.cvex.2016.01.006 id: cord-334881-x9nxxled author: Di Lorenzo, Giuseppe title: COVID 19 therapies and anti-cancer drugs: A systematic review of recent literature date: 2020-05-21 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: It is reasonable to think that cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy could have a more aggressive course if positive for Coronavirus disease CoV-2 (COVID- 19). METHODS: We conducted a literature review on https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/, https://scholar.google.com, www.arxiv.org, www.biorxiv.org, of all articles published using the keywords COVID-19 therapy or treatment and cancer until May 2, 2020. A total of 205 articles were identified and 53 were included in this review. RESULTS: We describe the ongoing COVID-19 therapies that should be known by oncologists and highlight the potential interactions with antineoplastic drugs, commonly used in clinical practice. The main drug interactions were found with tocilizumab, ruxolitinib and colchicine. Conclusions. The literature provides an inconclusive picture on potential preferred treatments for COVID-19 and their interactions with antineoplastic agents. Future clinical trials are needed to better understand the interactions between different drugs in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102991 doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102991 id: cord-339614-28s205p8 author: Dover, Jeffrey S. title: A Path to Resume Aesthetic Care: Executive Summary of Project AesCert Guidance Supplement—Practical Considerations for Aesthetic Medicine Professionals Supporting Clinic Preparedness in Response to the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak date: 2020-05-01 words: 12532.0 sentences: 440.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339614-28s205p8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339614-28s205p8.txt summary: Patient communication-establishing appropriate expectations for office visits and attendant risks; Clinic schedule management-considerations for schedule modification to convert non-treatment interactions to telehealth consultations, separate patients from one another in the office and avoid unnecessary staff contact; Facility management-physical modification of office common areas and treatment rooms, as well as check-in and check-out procedures, to promote safe practices and physical distancing; Cleaning procedures-discussion of disinfection methods and practices in each office area, ranging from medical instruments and treatment rooms to administrative items and reception areas; Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for providers, staff and patients-recommendations for PPE types and use depending upon procedure-based risk assessment, and recognizing current global equipment shortages; Employee health screening and training-procedures and methods for identifying staff members who may be unwell before, during, and after work, and training of staff to identify potential COVID-19 presentation in coworkers, patients, and other office visitors; risks associated with exposure to known or suspected COVID-19-positive individuals are also discussed; Patient health and screening-procedures and methods for symptom recognition in patients before, during, and after office visits, with follow-up monitoring where appropriate; Remedial measures following onsite symptom presentation-a framework for addressing isolation of symptomatic individuals, office containment and disinfection, and contact tracing; Treatment room setup-preparing and securing treatment rooms for patient entry to contain office contamination and reduce overall potential COVID-19 exposure; and Aesthetic treatment considerations-pretreatment preparation and precautions, and other suggestions for minimizing risk of transmission in performing the most common types of office-based aesthetic procedures, such as neurotoxin and dermal filler injections, noninvasive body contouring, lasers and other similar energy-emitting devices, and a range of medical skin care treatments. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32374192/ doi: 10.1089/fpsam.2020.0239 id: cord-029150-e242o2ml author: Du, Jiang title: Expert consensus on the prevention and treatment of substance use and addictive behaviour-related disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-08 words: 4256.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029150-e242o2ml.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029150-e242o2ml.txt summary: In early 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak complicated the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with substance use disorders and increased the risks of substance abuse and addictive behaviours, such as online gaming disorders, in the general public. It also adversely impacts the mental state of the general public in several ways and leads to broader symptoms, including anxiety, tension and insomnia, that may increase the risk of alcohol abuse, sedative and hypnotic drug abuse, and other addictive behaviours. 2 3 It is also of utmost importance to ensure the continuous, regular and effective treatment of existing patients with addiction problems, reduce the risk of drug relapse and prevent new cases of addiction during the pandemic. The screening of addictive substance use, prevention and education for clinic patients, as well as the timely identification, diagnosis and treatment of related mental and behavioural problems may all occur under stressful conditions. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7358097/ doi: 10.1136/gpsych-2020-100252 id: cord-269975-1ebmq7t8 author: Duplantier, Allen J. title: Combating biothreat pathogens: ongoing efforts for countermeasure development and unique challenges date: 2020-05-27 words: 12963.0 sentences: 580.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269975-1ebmq7t8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269975-1ebmq7t8.txt summary: None of the filoviruses or henipaviruses has any FDA-approved therapeutics or vaccines available for prevention or treatment of human disease, and while ribavirin is sometimes used to treat Lassa fever, it is not a terribly effective drug against this viral infection [28] . Many of the therapeutics that are in different stages of either preclinical or clinical development for select biothreat pathogens include small molecule antivirals (Tables 7.3 and 7.4), antibody (or antibody cocktails) against viruses or bacteria/virulence factors (Table 7 .5), and combination drug therapy (Table 7 .6). Although no FDA-approved HDT therapies are yet available for treating infectious diseases, we have summarized in this section the antimicrobial Primary screening of small molecule chemical libraries in the phenotypic HCI assay will identify compounds that inhibit pathogen infection as well as those that may contribute to cellular toxicity. abstract: Research to discover and develop antibacterial and antiviral drugs with potent activity against pathogens of biothreat concern presents unique methodological and process-driven challenges. Herein, we review laboratory approaches for finding new antibodies, antibiotics, and antiviral molecules for pathogens of biothreat concern. Using high-throughput screening techniques, molecules that directly inhibit a pathogen’s entry, replication, or growth can be identified. Alternatively, molecules that target host proteins can be interesting targets for development when countering biothreat pathogens, due to the modulation of the host immune response or targeting proteins that interfere with the pathways required by the pathogen for replication. Monoclonal and cocktail antibody therapies approved by the Food and Drug Administration for countering anthrax and under development for treatment of Ebola virus infection are discussed. A comprehensive tabular review of current in vitro, in vivo, pharmacokinetic and efficacy datasets has been presented for biothreat pathogens of greatest concern. Finally, clinical trials and animal rule or traditional drug approval pathways are also reviewed. Opinions; interpretations; conclusions; and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the US Army. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780128184806000072 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818480-6.00007-2 id: cord-021453-vf8xbaug author: Dysko, Robert C. title: Biology and Diseases of Dogs date: 2007-09-02 words: 41994.0 sentences: 2688.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-021453-vf8xbaug.txt txt: ./txt/cord-021453-vf8xbaug.txt summary: The use of dogs continued as biomedical research advanced, and they were featured in many noteworthy studies, including those by Pavlov to observe and document the conditioned reflex response and by Banting and Best to identify the role of insulin in diabetes mellitus. Especially noted in this chapter are infectious diseases associated with the use of random-source dogs that have unknown vaccination history and have had intensive contact with other similar animals at pounds and/or shelters, or conditions seen frequently in the beagle, the most common breed used in biomedical research. Culture requires selective isolation media, and growth is favored by reduced oxygen tension and a temperature of 42~ Any disorder that can cause diarrhea in dogs should be considered as a differential diagnosis, including canine parvovirus, coronavirus, distemper virus, Giardia, and Salmonella infections; helminth infestations; and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7149775/ doi: 10.1016/b978-012263951-7/50014-4 id: cord-021527-1etvgoxc author: Ellis, Christine title: Ferrets date: 2009-05-15 words: 22562.0 sentences: 2007.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-021527-1etvgoxc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-021527-1etvgoxc.txt summary: • Diagnosis is based on the medical history, the physical examination findings, and a complete diagnostic work-up that includes a CBC, reticulocyte count, serum biochemical analysis, whole-body radiographs, and bone marrow cytology if indicated. M Key Point Base a presumptive diagnosis of insulinoma on the history, clinical signs, and repeated evidence of hypoglycemia in the presence of normal or elevated blood insulin levels. Lymphosarcoma (lymphoma) is common in ferrets of all ages, and is similar in presentation to the disease in cats and dogs (see Chapter 27). • Differential diagnoses include the early stages of adrenal gland disease; however, hair loss on the body typically occurs as well when this condition is present. • Ferrets with congestive heart failure (CHF) may present with clinical signs that resemble symptoms associated with other disease entities, such as anorexia, ascites, coughing, dehydration, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, generalized weakness, hindlimb weakness, hypothermia, lethargy, tachypnea, and weight loss. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7150118/ doi: 10.1016/b0-72-160422-6/50177-7 id: cord-012038-psqmqpff author: Erdem, Guliz title: Decreasing the Duration of Discharge Antibiotic Treatment Following Inpatient Skin and Soft Tissue Abscess Drainage date: 2020-02-15 words: 3132.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-012038-psqmqpff.txt txt: ./txt/cord-012038-psqmqpff.txt summary: title: Decreasing the Duration of Discharge Antibiotic Treatment Following Inpatient Skin and Soft Tissue Abscess Drainage Our primary aim was to decrease the duration of prescribed antibiotics for patients discharged from our inpatient infectious diseases unit following I&D of simple skin and soft tissue abscesses to 5 days or less. 12 A significant number of these inpatients have admission diagnoses of SSTIs. Patients evaluated at local urgent care clinics or emergency rooms with skin and soft tissue abscesses are frequently referred to NCH for admission to the inpatient infectious disease unit for antibiotic therapy and I&D of the abscess. Our project included patients between 3 months to 21 years of age who were admitted with skin and soft tissue abscesses and discharged from the infectious diseases inpatient unit following I&D performed during the hospitalization with no or minimal residual cellulitis at the time of discharge (uncomplicated abscess). abstract: INTRODUCTION: Skin and soft tissue abscesses do not require prolonged systemic antimicrobial treatment following drainage. We aimed to decrease the duration of discharge antibiotic treatment to less than 5 days following inpatient incision and drainage of uncomplicated abscesses. METHODS: A new treatment protocol that defined uncomplicated abscesses, as well as inclusion and exclusion criteria, was created to monitor the accurate duration of prescribed therapy at discharge. We implemented a treatment algorithm that takes into account the epidemiologic changes in microbial etiologies and the presence of systemic findings for patients after surgical incision and drainage. We used control charts to assess the impact of the interventions. RESULTS: Four hundred and eighteen patients were discharged following abscess drainage from our inpatient infectious diseases unit in 2016. The patients were 3 months to 21 years of age. Only 72 (17%) patients had prescribed discharge antibiotic treatment courses that were less than 5 days [range 0–31 days, median 8 days (IQR 6, 9)], and the average prescribed course at discharge was 8.6 days. During the study period, we significantly decreased the average duration of discharge antibiotics to 7.3 days in all patients (P = 0.0016, 95% CI: −2.1036 to −0.4964, difference of means −1.3). The discharge treatment duration of patients with uncomplicated abscess was shorter at 4.7 days [range 0–9 days, median 5 days, (IQR 3, 5)]. Prescription compliance to less than 5 days treatment course at discharge increased from the baseline of 17% to 42% overall. CONCLUSIONS: Standardizing definitions of uncomplicated skin and soft tissue abscesses was critical to the success of this project. In addition to possible improved treatment adherence and decreased side effects, our protocol led to decreased patient care costs with no documented changes in readmission rates. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7190260/ doi: 10.1097/pq9.0000000000000257 id: cord-283287-073r80s7 author: Farhoudian, Ali title: COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorders: Recommendations to a Comprehensive Healthcare Response. An International Society of Addiction Medicine Practice and Policy Interest Group Position Paper date: 2020-04-12 words: 8134.0 sentences: 434.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283287-073r80s7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283287-073r80s7.txt summary: People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) are a marginalized and stigmatized group with weaker immunity responses, vulnerability to stress, poor health conditions, high-risk behaviors, and lower access to health care services. In this paper, an international group of experts on addiction medicine, infectious diseases, and disaster psychiatry explore the possible raised concerns in this issue and provide recommendations to manage the comorbidity of COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorder (SUD). Therefore, a group of international experts on addiction medicine, infectious diseases, and disaster management teamed up to explore the comorbidity of COVID-19 infection with substance use disorder and identify the necessary recommendations for health service providers and policymakers in this situation. Health authorities should develop and apply specific strategies for PWUD for early COVID-19 identification and patient isolation, interrupting transmission, providing appropriate care, attending medical issues, and minimizing negative social impact. abstract: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is escalating all over the world and has higher morbidities and mortalities in certain vulnerable populations. People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) are a marginalized and stigmatized group with weaker immunity responses, vulnerability to stress, poor health conditions, high-risk behaviors, and lower access to health care services. These conditions put them at a higher risk of COVID-19 infection and its complications. In this paper, an international group of experts on addiction medicine, infectious diseases, and disaster psychiatry explore the possible raised concerns in this issue and provide recommendations to manage the comorbidity of COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorder (SUD). url: https://doi.org/10.32598/bcn.11.covid19.1 doi: 10.32598/bcn.11.covid19.1 id: cord-016290-l592k753 author: Finke, Jürgen title: Hematology and Hemostasis date: 2008 words: 11717.0 sentences: 1308.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-016290-l592k753.txt txt: ./txt/cord-016290-l592k753.txt summary: In patients previously exposed to heparin (< 100 days), reoccurrence within hours • Severe thrombocytopenia (platelets < 100,000/µl), median platelet count approximately 60,000/µl, rarely < 20,000/µl or decreased to < 50% of the initial count; worsening of thrombocytopenia if heparin treatment is continued • Thromboembolic complications up to 40 days after heparin administration • IgG antibodies mostly against the platelet factor 4 (PF4)-heparin complex → Immune complex formation → Platelet activation due to binding of the immune complex to the Fc receptor (Fcγ RIIA), PF4 release → Platelet aggregation, endothelial cell damage, thrombin activation → Thromboembolic complications ("white clot syndrome") Clinical relevance: HIT type II: • Main symptom: thrombophilia, not hemorrhage • Warning signs: exanthema or necrosis at injection site • High incidence (up to 53%) of venous and arterial thrombosis, renal dysfunction, pulmonary embolism, infarction (complications may occur weeks after discontinuation of heparin) abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120532/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-73277-8_6 id: cord-026031-hnf5vayd author: Ford, Richard B. title: Emergency Care date: 2009-05-21 words: 112343.0 sentences: 6645.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-026031-hnf5vayd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-026031-hnf5vayd.txt summary: Fresh whole blood Coagulopathy with active hemorrhage (disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia; massive acute hemorrhage; no stored blood available) Stored whole blood Massive acute or ongoing hemorrhage; hypovolemic shock caused by hemorrhage that is unresponsive to conventional crystalloid and colloid fluid therapy; unavailability of equipment required to prepare blood components Packed red blood cells Nonregenerative anemia, immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, correction of anemia before surgery, acute or chronic blood loss Fresh frozen plasma Factor depletion associated with active hemorrhage (congenital: von Willebrand''s factor, hemophilia A, hemophilia B; acquired: vitamin K antagonist, rodenticide intoxication, DIC); acute or chronic hypoproteinemia (burns, wound exudates, body cavity effusion; hepatic, renal, or gastrointestinal loss); colostrum replacement in neonates Frozen plasma Acute plasma or protein loss; chronic hypoproteinemia; (contains stable colostrum replacement in neonates; hemophilia B and clotting factors) selected clotting factor deficiencies Platelet-rich plasma* Thrombocytopenia with active hemorrhage (immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, DIC); platelet function abnormality (congenital: thrombasthenia in Bassett hounds; acquired: NSAIDs, other drugs) Cryoprecipitate abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7271342/ doi: 10.1016/b0-72-160138-3/50002-3 id: cord-005902-5zuij5i3 author: Frank, Johannes title: Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Extremities date: 2008-05-30 words: 3543.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005902-5zuij5i3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005902-5zuij5i3.txt summary: As a consequence, early clinical diagnoses with thorough surgical debridement of the infected liquid necrotic fascia as well as correct antibiotic treatment are needed. An amputation in the extremities is not the primary treatment, but in cases where the whole tissue is necrotic and most muscles involved, this might be the only option to stop further spreading and systemic sepsis with multiple organ failure. After primary intensive care and control of the infection and sepsis (mostly after 1 week) reconstructive procedures are initialized reaching from secondary wound closure and skin grafting to flap coverage saving viable tissue and restore function. Besides the basic treatment including intensive care medicine and surgical debridement numerous adjuvant therapies have been recommended with respect to the systemic management of these infections as well as possibilities for local wound treatment. Conclusion Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a life threatening soft tissue infection, characterized by foudroyant spreading necrosis of the involved fascias. abstract: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) describes a life threatening soft tissue infection characterized by a rapid spreading infection of the subcutaneous tissue and in particular the fascia. Various synonyms for this type of infection are used, often due to the difficult diagnosis. Necrotizing fasciits of the extremities is found after simple skin lacerations and often in rural, farming or garden setting environments. Many of the infections are found in immunologically healthy people, but persons revealing a compromised wound healing are endangered additionally, e.g., diabetes. In the majority of the microbiological analyses, streptococci alone or a mixture with mainly anaerobic bacteria may be detected. The management of infected extremities requires a rapid diagnosis, dedicated aggressive surgical management as soon as possible, and a wide debridement extending the border of the infected fascia. Timely surgical revisions within the first day or days together with antibiotic treatment are the only measures to stop the infection. Depending on the status of the patient a hyperbaric oxygenation treatment seems to be useful in order to limit the infection. In fulminated cases early amputations, maximal intensive care treatment of the septic patient are required, where all means are warranted to save the patients life. As a consequence, early clinical diagnoses with thorough surgical debridement of the infected liquid necrotic fascia as well as correct antibiotic treatment are needed. Secondary plastic reconstruction of the soft tissue defects will generally be required. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095926/ doi: 10.1007/s00068-008-8074-0 id: cord-016280-d47e3art author: Friedberg, Joseph S. title: Pleura: Anatomy, Physiology, and Disorders date: 2008 words: 14487.0 sentences: 746.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-016280-d47e3art.txt txt: ./txt/cord-016280-d47e3art.txt summary: In addition to the discomfort, chest tube placement may be accompanied by a number of complications including empyema, lung injury and bleeding, and death." Therefore, coagulation profiles and immunocompetency should be taken into consideration for all patients considered for this procedure . If a large air leak is anticipated or if there is significant effusion associated with the pneumothorax, then a standard 28-French chest tube should be placed. Some of the indications for surgical treatment of a spontaneous pneumothorax include a second pneumothorax (ipsilateral recurrence or a new pneumothorax on the contralateral side); tension physiology; synchronous bilateral pneumothoraces; associated hemothorax (likely secondary to a tom adhesion and complicating approximately 5% of spontaneous pneumothoraces); failure of tube thoracostomy; and lifestyle factors. Chylothorax is an exudative effusion caused by disruption of the lymphatics in the chest, most commonly the thoracic duct, and subsequent drainage of chyle into the pleural space. abstract: Disorders of the pleura and pleural space reflect some of the oldest diseases encountered in surgical history. Hippocrates described the symptoms of empyema 2400 years ago: “Empyema may be recognized by the following symptoms: In the first place the fever is constant, less during the day and greater at night, and copious sweats supervene. There is a desire to cough and the patient expectorates nothing worth mentioning.” He also described an open drainage procedure: “When the fifteenth day after rupture has appeared, prepare a warm bath, set him upon a stool, which is not wobbly, someone should hold his hands, then shake him by the shoulders and listen to see on which side a noise is heard. And right at this place, preferably on the left, make an incision, then it produces death more rarely.”1,2 Beyond providing less-wobbly stools, few advances were made for more than 2000 years that allowed surgeons to routinely enter the pleural cavity, the fear being a potentially fatal pneumothorax. With the advent of positive pressure ventilation in the early 1900s, pneumothorax was no longer a prohibitive risk, and the era of surgical intervention in the pleural cavity had begun.3 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120517/ doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-68113-9_75 id: cord-017702-v46ye328 author: Ganguly, Nirmal Kumar title: Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine for Infectious Diseases date: 2013-06-11 words: 16564.0 sentences: 798.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017702-v46ye328.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017702-v46ye328.txt summary: Deciphering the pathogen virulence factors, host susceptibility genes, and the molecular programs involved in the pathogenesis of disease has paved the way for discovery of new molecular targets for drugs, diagnostic markers, and vaccines. The pathogen genome on one hand gives us the information about the important genes conferring disease pathogenesis as well as drug resistance, while the genome of the host on the other hand will reveal the susceptibility genes, and the further knowledge of polymorphisms in genes of the host metabolic and immune system will lead to the new vaccine strategies, drugs targets, and also their treatment outcomes. Several fi eld studies have further suggested that there is a need for calibration of isoniazid dosage as per the individual tuberculosis patient''s age, acetylator status, and disease process for an effective antimicrobial outcome of drug treatment (Jeena et al. abstract: Humans have been plagued by the scourge of invasion by pathogens leading to infectious diseases from the time in memoriam and are still the cause of morbidity and mortality among millions of individuals. Trying to understand the disease mechanisms and finding the remedial measures have been the quest of humankind. The susceptibility to disease of an individual in a given population is determined by ones genetic buildup. Response to treatment and the disease prognosis also depends upon individual’s genetic predisposition. The environmental stress induces mutations and is leading to the emergence of ever-increasing more dreaded infectious pathogens, and now we are in the era of increasing antibiotic resistance that has thrown up a challenge to find new treatment regimes. Discoveries in the science of high-throughput sequencing and array technologies have shown new hope and are bringing a revolution in human health. The information gained from sequencing of both human and pathogen genomes is a way forward in deciphering host-pathogen interactions. Deciphering the pathogen virulence factors, host susceptibility genes, and the molecular programs involved in the pathogenesis of disease has paved the way for discovery of new molecular targets for drugs, diagnostic markers, and vaccines. The genomic diversity in the human population leads to differences in host responses to drugs and vaccines and is the cause of poor response to treatment as well as adverse reactions. The study of pharmacogenomics of infectious diseases is still at an early stage of development, and many intricacies of the host-pathogen interaction are yet to be understood in full measure. However, progress has been made over the decades of research in some of the important infectious diseases revealing how the host genetic polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters affect the bioavailability of the drugs which further determine the efficacy and toxicology of the drugs used for treatment. Further, the field of structural biology and chemistry has intertwined to give rise to medical structural genomics leading the way to the discovery of new drug targets against infectious diseases. This chapter explores how the advent of “omics” technologies is making a beginning in bringing about a change in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatments of the infectious diseases and hence paving way for personalized medicine. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122342/ doi: 10.1007/978-81-322-1184-6_27 id: cord-351594-8gp9mjen author: Garwood, Tyler J. title: Removal of chronic Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae carrier ewes eliminates pneumonia in a bighorn sheep population date: 2020-03-05 words: 5037.0 sentences: 291.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351594-8gp9mjen.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351594-8gp9mjen.txt summary: title: Removal of chronic Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae carrier ewes eliminates pneumonia in a bighorn sheep population We hypothesized that persistent or recurrent pneumonia in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) populations may be caused by chronic carriers of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (Mo). 3. We classified chronic carriers as adults that consistently tested positive for Mo carriage over a 20‐month sampling period (n = 2 in the treatment population; n = 2 in control population). We modeled daily survival rates, incorporating treatment (i.e., population identity), year (Gaillard et al., 2000) , strain type exposure (Cassirer TA B L E 1 Summary of bighorn sheep pathogen testing results and survival estimates in the treatment and control populations, We coded treatment and individual sex effects as with adults. After removal of chronic carriers, we did not detect Mo in 35 samples (26 negative and 9 indeterminate) collected from 26 individuals (9 males, 17 females) in the treatment population (Table 1 and Table S3 ). abstract: 1. Chronic pathogen carriage is one mechanism that allows diseases to persist in populations. We hypothesized that persistent or recurrent pneumonia in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) populations may be caused by chronic carriers of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (Mo). Our experimental approach allowed us to address a conservation need while investigating the role of chronic carriage in disease persistence. 2. We tested our hypothesis in two bighorn sheep populations in South Dakota, USA. We identified and removed Mo chronic carriers from the Custer State Park (treatment) population. Simultaneously, we identified carriers but did not remove them from the Rapid City population (control). We predicted removal would result in decreased pneumonia, mortality, and Mo prevalence. Both population ranges had similar habitat and predator communities but were sufficiently isolated to preclude intermixing. 3. We classified chronic carriers as adults that consistently tested positive for Mo carriage over a 20‐month sampling period (n = 2 in the treatment population; n = 2 in control population). 4. We failed to detect Mo or pneumonia in the treatment population after chronic carrier removal, while both remained in the control. Mortality hazard for lambs was reduced by 72% in the treatment population relative to the control (CI = 36%, 91%). There was also a 41% reduction in adult mortality hazard attributable to the treatment, although this was not statistically significant (CI = 82% reduction, 34% increase). 5. Synthesis and Applications: These results support the hypothesis that Mo is a primary causative agent of persistent or recurrent respiratory disease in bighorn sheep populations and can be maintained by a few chronic carriers. Our findings provide direction for future research and management actions aimed at controlling pneumonia in wild sheep and may apply to other diseases. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6146 doi: 10.1002/ece3.6146 id: cord-022292-msz4au4b author: Gershan, William M. title: Cough date: 2009-05-15 words: 13122.0 sentences: 733.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022292-msz4au4b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022292-msz4au4b.txt summary: A normal chest radiograph indicates the unlikelihood of pneumonia caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus, Chlamydia species, or bacteria. Although children with cough resulting from CF, Mycoplasma species, tuberculosis, aspiration, a bronchial foreign body, or an anatomic abnormality usually have abnormal chest radiographs, a normal radiograph does not exclude these diagnoses. Sputum cultures and Gram stains may help guide initial empirical therapy in older patients with pneumonia or purulent bronchitis, but their ability to identify specific causative organisms with certainty (again with the exception of CF) has not been shown clearly. Bacterial pneumonia is relatively less common in infants than is viral pneumonia but can cause severe illness, with cough, respiratory distress, and fever. Treatment is similar to that for CF, with regular chest physical therapy and frequent and aggressive use of antibiotics at the first sign of airways infection, most commonly increased cough. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7155534/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-7216-9131-2.50006-3 id: cord-009967-fyqc5bat author: Gleckman, Richard title: Cost‐Effective Antibiotic Prescribing date: 2012-01-24 words: 5938.0 sentences: 307.0 pages: flesch: 30.0 cache: ./cache/cord-009967-fyqc5bat.txt txt: ./txt/cord-009967-fyqc5bat.txt summary: Recent studies have confirmed the efficacy and reduced expense of oral antibiotics prescribed for selected children with osteomyelitis and septic arthritis.1"22 In 1973, it was reported that favorable results ensued when oral antibiotic therapy was prescribed for hospitalized patients with serious infectionsz3 Fourteen patients with osteomyelitis were treated successfully with oral cephalexin after they had received a short course of parenteral cephaloridine. Adults with disseminated gonococcal infection can be effectively treated with a one week program consisting initially of 2 million units of penicillin G administered every 4 hours followed by oral ampicillin or amoxicillin prescribed as 500 mg four times daily.34,35 Hospitalization is usually recommended to establish the diagnosis of disseminated gonococcal disease since misdiagnosis occurs not infrequently with this disorder.33 Selected patients can complete the oral regimens in an outpatient setting or, alternatively, they can be treated entirely without ho~pitalization.~~ Acceptable oral regimens consist of giving amoxicillin (500 mg four times daily), tetracycline (500 mg four times daily), or erythromycin (500 mg four times daily) for at least 7 days. abstract: Antibiotics are often misused, resulting in a high frequency of adverse effects, emergence of drug‐resistant organisms, and excessive costs. The high cost of antibiotics is currently receiving the greatest attention. Considerable cost savings can be achieved by appropriate prescribing of antibiotics for patients receiving these drugs prophylactically as well as for those with established infections. This article cites specific examples of how cost‐effective antibiotic prescribing practices can realize substantial cost savings without any diminished quality in patient care. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7167648/ doi: 10.1002/j.1875-9114.1983.tb03264.x id: cord-299926-jx1ws18b author: Gong, Yuan title: Effects of methylprednisolone use on viral genomic nucleic acid negative conversion and CT imaging lesion absorption in COVID‐19 patients under 50 years old date: 2020-05-22 words: 2120.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299926-jx1ws18b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299926-jx1ws18b.txt summary: title: Effects of methylprednisolone use on viral genomic nucleic acid negative conversion and CT imaging lesion absorption in COVID‐19 patients under 50 years old In most cases, application of methylprednisolone in severe and critical viral pneumonia patients can quickly alleviate the symptoms of dyspnea and prevent disease progression. In our retrospective non‐randomised study, 34 patients under 50 years old and diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) were included, according to given methylprednisolone treatment (n = 18) or not (n = 16), they were separated into 2 groups. Two-tailed Student''s t-test was used to compare the two groups of means in this study, P values were ≤ 93% at a rest state; arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)/oxygen concentration (FiO2) ≤ 300 mmHg. Patients with > 50% lesions progression within 24 to 48 hours in lung imaging should be treated as severe cases. abstract: The use of corticosteroids has been controversial in viral pneumonia. In most cases, application of methylprednisolone in severe and critical viral pneumonia patients can quickly alleviate the symptoms of dyspnea and prevent disease progression. However, some scholars have confirmed that corticosteroids delayed the body's clearance of the virus. In our retrospective non‐randomised study, 34 patients under 50 years old and diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) were included, according to given methylprednisolone treatment (n = 18) or not (n = 16), they were separated into 2 groups. By comparing the clinical data we concluded that corticosteroids therapy can effectively release COVID‐19 symptoms such as persistent fever and difficult breathing, improve oxygenation and prevent disease progression. However, it can prolong the negative conversion of nucleic acids. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26052 doi: 10.1002/jmv.26052 id: cord-304479-uxp1kg86 author: Goodarzi, Pedram title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Immunological approaches and emerging pharmacologic treatments date: 2020-08-08 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 virus is an etiological agent of pandemic COVID-19, which spreads rapidly worldwide. No proven effective therapies currently exist for this virus, and efforts to develop antiviral strategies for the treatment of COVID-19 are underway. The rapidly increasing understanding of SARS-CoV-2 virology provides a notable number of possible immunological procedures and drug targets. However, gaps remain in our understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In this review, we describe the latest information in the context of immunological approaches and emerging current antiviral strategies for COVID-19 treatment. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1567576920323092 doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106885 id: cord-324091-nljd2ok1 author: Gordon, Jennifer L. title: The psychological impact of fertility treatment suspensions during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-18 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the psychological impact of fertility treatment suspensions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and to clarify psychosocial predictors of better or worse mental health. METHODS: 92 women from Canada and the United States (ages 20–45 years) whose fertility treatments had been cancelled were recruited via social media. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires assessing depressive symptoms, perceived mental health impact, and change in quality of life related to treatment suspensions. Potential predictors of psychological outcomes were also examined, including several personality traits, aspects of social support, illness cognitions, and coping strategies. RESULTS: 52% of respondents endorsed clinical levels of depressive symptoms. On a 7-point scale, participants endorsed a significant decline in overall quality of life (M(SD) = -1.3(1.3), p < .0001) as well as a significant decline in mental health related to treatment suspensions on a scale from -5 to +5 (M(SD) = -2.1(2.1), p < .001). Several psychosocial variables were found to positively influence these outcomes: lower levels of defensive pessimism (r = -.25, p < .05), greater infertility acceptance (r = .51, p < .0001), better quality social support (r = .31, p < .01), more social support seeking (r = .35, p < .001) and less avoidance of infertility reminders (r = -.23, p = .029). CONCLUSION: Fertility treatment suspensions have had a considerable negative impact on women’s mental health and quality of life. However, these findings point to several protective psychosocial factors that can be fostered in the future to help women cope. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239253 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239253 id: cord-297289-4kudq4h7 author: Hahn, Austin M. title: Risk reduction through family therapy (RRFT): Protocol of a randomized controlled efficacy trial of an integrative treatment for co-occurring substance use problems and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in adolescents who have experienced interpersonal violence and other traumatic events date: 2020-04-25 words: 6121.0 sentences: 267.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297289-4kudq4h7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297289-4kudq4h7.txt summary: title: Risk reduction through family therapy (RRFT): Protocol of a randomized controlled efficacy trial of an integrative treatment for co-occurring substance use problems and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in adolescents who have experienced interpersonal violence and other traumatic events Beyond serving as the first large RCT to date to address the long-standing question of efficacy of an integrative treatment targeting co-occurring SUP and PTSD for adolescents, the study aimed to improve clinical practice by offering: 1) a more efficient alternative to the current compartmentalized approach to treatment of this population (which often involves referrals to multiple agencies) [21] ; and 2) a risk-reduction option for youth at elevated risk for developing substance abuse and related mental health problems in the future, but who may or may not meet diagnostic thresholds. abstract: Decades of research demonstrate that childhood exposure to traumatic events, particularly interpersonal violence experiences (IPV; sexual abuse, physical abuse, witnessing violence), increases risk for negative behavioral and emotional outcomes, including substance use problems (SUP) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite this well-established link—including empirical support for shared etiological and functional connections between SUP and PTSD –the field has been void of a gold standard treatment for adolescent populations. To address this gap, our team recently completed a large randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of Risk Reduction through Family Therapy (RRFT), an integrative and exposure-based risk-reduction and treatment approach for adolescents who have experienced IPV and other traumatic events. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed description of the design and methods of this RCT designed to reduce SUP, PTSD symptoms, and related risk behaviors, with outcomes measured from pre-treatment through 18 months post-entry. Specifically, the recruitment and sampling procedures, assessment measures and methods, description of the intervention, and planned statistical approaches to evaluating the full range of outcomes are detailed. Clinical and research implications of this work are also discussed. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1551714420300902 doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.106012 id: cord-016283-b6yywn9f author: Hasan, Ashfaq title: Clinical Aspects and Principles of Management of Tuberculosis date: 2019-08-07 words: 6930.0 sentences: 347.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-016283-b6yywn9f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-016283-b6yywn9f.txt summary: Notwithstanding the advances in modern science, clinical diagnosis sometimes remains elusive, owing principally to the frequent paucibacillary occurrence of the disease and the slow doubling time of the organism; empiric treatment is often fraught with risks in the era of increasing drug resistance. The line probe assays (LPA) can permit rapid identification of specific gene markers associated with rifampicin resistance alone or in combination with isoniazid, and provide clinically relevant information about the level of INH resistance (low level associated with the INH-A gene; versus high level associated with the kat-G gene) (WHO treatment guidance for drug resistant tuberculosis 2016). Anti-tubercular drugs require to be supplemented with carefully monitored steroid therapy in two circumstances: tubercular meningitis (a short course of dexamethasone or prednisolone is typically given, tapered over 6 to 8 weeks) and tuberculous pericarditis (Guidelines for treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis and patient care 2017). abstract: Tuberculosis over the ages, has killed more people than any other infection has. Notwithstanding the advances in modern science, clinical diagnosis sometimes remains elusive, owing principally to the frequent paucibacillary occurrence of the disease and the slow doubling time of the organism; empiric treatment is often fraught with risks in the era of increasing drug resistance. This chapter attempts to provide an overview of the disease, beginning with the pathogenesis and its protean clinical presentations. It also discusses the recent evolution of molecular methods that have lately provided an impetus to early diagnosis with a clear opportunity to unmask drug resistance before initiating “blind”, potentially ineffective, and sometimes harmful treatment with standard therapy. The chapter also provides insight into tuberculosis in special situations, and discusses briefly the treatments in uncomplicated cases as well as in special situations, and in instances of drug resistance. Preventive methods including current and upcoming vaccines are mentioned. Finally, a short discussion of the sequelae of tuberculosis—which have the potential to be confused with active disease—is presented. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120521/ doi: 10.1007/978-981-32-9413-4_20 id: cord-017393-kx8kmdej author: Herbers, Alexandra title: Acute Myelogenous Leukemia and Febrile Neutropenia date: 2009-08-31 words: 13295.0 sentences: 566.0 pages: flesch: 31.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017393-kx8kmdej.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017393-kx8kmdej.txt summary: Despite numerous clinical studies, since the 1970s, no single empirical antibiotic regimen has been shown to be superior for initial treatment of patients who become febrile during a neutropenic episode after therapy with chemotherapy drugs for hematological malignancies (see Table 5 -2) [4, 9, [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] . Similarly, bacteremias due to Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Clostridium species as well as candidemias are more frequently encountered in patients with acute leukemia who suffer from neutropenic enterocolitis or typhlitis, the most serious disturbance of the delicate balance between mucosal damage and microbial flora in the setting of prolonged exposure to antibiotics after intermediate or high-dose cytarabine chemotherapy. In addition, if a persistently neutropenic patient has no complaints and displays no clinical, radiological, or laboratory evidence of infection, cessation of antibiotic therapy or a change to oral antimicrobials should be considered after 4 days without symptoms. abstract: Aggressive chemotherapy has a deleterious effect on all components of the defense system of the human body. The resulting neutropenia as well as injury to the pulmonary and gastrointestinal mucosa allow pathogenic micro-organisms easy access to the body. The symptoms of an incipient infection are usually subtle and limited to unexplained fever due to the absence of granulocytes. This is the reason why prompt administration of antimicrobial agents while waiting for the results of the blood cultures, the so-called empirical approach, became an undisputed standard of care. Gram-negative pathogens remain the principal concern because their virulence accounts for serious morbidity and a high early mortality rate. Three basic intravenous antibiotic regimens have evolved: initial therapy with a single antipseudomonal β-lactam, the so-called monotherapy; a combination of two drugs: a β-lactam with an aminoglycoside, a second β-lactam or a quinolone; and, thirdly, a glycopeptide in addition to β-lactam monotherapy or combination. As there is no single consistently superior empirical regimen, one should consider the local antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates in the selection of the initial antibiotic regimen. Not all febrile neutropenic patients carry the same risk as those with fever only generally respond rapidly, whereas those with a clinically or microbiologically documented infection show a much slower reaction and less favorable response rate. Once an empirical antibiotic therapy has been started, the patient must be monitored continuously for nonresponse, emergence of secondary infections, adverse effects, and the development of drug-resistant organisms. The averageduration of fever in serious infections in eventually successfully treated neutropenic patients is 4–5 days. Adaptations of an antibiotic regimen in a patient who is clearly not responding is relatively straightforward when a micro-organism has been isolated; the results of the cultures, supplemented by susceptibility testing, will assist in selecting the proper antibiotics. The management of febrile patients with pulmonary infiltrates is complex. Bronchoscopy and a high resolution computer-assisted tomographic scan represent the cornerstones of all diagnostic procedures, supplemented by serological tests for relevant viral pathogens and for aspergillosis. Fungi have been found to be responsible for two thirds of all superinfections that may surface during broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment of neutropenic patients. Antibiotic treatment is usually continued for a minimum of 7 days or until culture results indicate that the causative organism has been eradicated and the patient is free of major signs and symptoms. If a persistently neutropenic patient has no complaints and displays no evidence of infection, early watchful cessation of antibiotic therapy or a change to the oral regimen should be considered. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121946/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-415-5_5 id: cord-104431-3rblzyry author: Hill, Andrew title: Minimum costs to manufacture new treatments for COVID-19 date: 2020-04-30 words: 5494.0 sentences: 336.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-104431-3rblzyry.txt txt: ./txt/cord-104431-3rblzyry.txt summary: RESULTS: Minimum estimated costs of production were US $0.93/day for remdesivir, $1.45/day for favipiravir, $0.08/day for hydroxychloroquine, $0.02/day for chloroquine, $0.10/day for azithromycin, $0.28/day for lopinavir/ritonavir, $0.39/day for sofosbuvir/daclatasvir and $1.09/day for pirfenidone. large donor organisations such as the global Fund for aiDs, TB and Malaria (gFaTM) and the President''s emergency Plan for aiDs relief (PePFar) order drugs to treat >20 million people with hiV, at prices close to the cost of production [20, 21] . We used all available costing data for each drug aPi found on Panjiva, excluding shipments <1kg in size, alongside the lowest and highest 15% of results based on prices per kg. Minimum costs to manufacture new treatments for cOViD-19 67 Different dosing protocols are being used for hydroxychloroquine, including 600 mg daily in the small, open-label, non-randomised French study by gautret et al. abstract: INTRODUCTION: ‘Repurposing’ existing drugs to treat COVID-19 is vital to reducing mortality and controlling the pandemic. Several promising drugs have been identified and are in various stages of clinical trials globally. If efficacy of these drugs is demonstrated, rapid, mass availability at an affordable cost would be essential to ensuring equity and access especially amongst low- and middle-income economies. METHODS: Minimum costs of production were estimated from the costs of active pharmaceutical ingredients using established methodology, which had good predictive accuracy for medicines for hepatitis C and HIV amongst others. Data were extracted from global export shipment records or analysis of the route of chemical synthesis. The estimated costs were compared with list prices from a range of countries where pricing data were available. RESULTS: Minimum estimated costs of production were US $0.93/day for remdesivir, $1.45/day for favipiravir, $0.08/day for hydroxychloroquine, $0.02/day for chloroquine, $0.10/day for azithromycin, $0.28/day for lopinavir/ritonavir, $0.39/day for sofosbuvir/daclatasvir and $1.09/day for pirfenidone. Costs of production ranged between $0.30 and $31 per treatment course (10–28 days). Current prices of these drugs were far higher than the costs of production, particularly in the US. CONCLUSIONS: Should repurposed drugs demonstrate efficacy against COVID-19, they could be manufactured profitably at very low costs, for much less than current list prices. Estimations for the minimum production costs can strengthen price negotiations and help ensure affordable access to vital treatment for COVID-19 at low prices globally. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7213074/ doi: nan id: cord-326864-i1r3bv4p author: Hon, Kam Lun title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): latest developments in potential treatments date: 2020-06-29 words: 6265.0 sentences: 370.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326864-i1r3bv4p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326864-i1r3bv4p.txt summary: 4 COVID-19 is a respiratory tract infection that causes mild symptoms in the majority of cases, but can also lead to ISSN: 1740-4398 REVIEW -Coronavirus disease 2019 : latest developments in potential treatments drugsincontext.com mortality and morbidity. SARS-CoV is closely related to civet and bat CoVs, but it is phylogenetically divergent from other coronaviruses associated with human infections, including ISSN: 1740-4398 REVIEW -Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): latest developments in potential treatments drugsincontext.com OC43, NL63, 229E, and HKU1. In a clinical trial involving 199 patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, lopinavir-ritonavir treatment was not associated with any clinical improvements compared with standard care. 25 Long and colleagues reported that corticosteroid therapy using methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, and hydrocortisone was beneficial in treating ISSN: 1740-4398 REVIEW -Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): latest developments in potential treatments drugsincontext.com SARS-CoV patients, 78 and significantly prolonged survival time in clinical cases. abstract: Many viral respiratory infections can cause severe acute respiratory symptoms leading to mortality and morbidity. In the spring of 2003, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak caused by SARS-CoV spread globally. In the summer of 2012, the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak caused by MERS-CoV occurred in Saudi Arabia. In the winter of 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 occurred in China which rapidly spread worldwide causing a global pandemic. Up until 27 May 2020, there are 5.5 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 347,587 COVID-19 related deaths worldwide, and there has also been an unprecedented increase in socioeconomic and psychosocial issues related to COVID-19. This overview aims to review the current developments in preventive treatments and therapies for COVID-19. The development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 is ongoing and various clinical trials are currently underway around the world. It is hoped that existing antivirals including remdesivir and lopinavir-ritonavir might have roles in the treatment of COVID-19, but results from trials thus far have not been promising. COVID-19 causes a mild respiratory disease in the majority of cases, but in some cases, cytokine activation causes sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, leading to morbidity and mortality. Immunomodulatory treatments and biologics are also being actively explored as therapeutics for COVID-19. On the other hand, the use of steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been discouraged based on concerns about their adverse effects. Over the past two decades, coronaviruses have caused major epidemics and outbreaks worldwide, whilst modern medicine has been playing catch-up all along. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32655654/ doi: 10.7573/dic.2020-4-15 id: cord-317344-wznzmssz author: Iannitti, T. title: Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice date: 2010-06-23 words: 24517.0 sentences: 1157.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317344-wznzmssz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317344-wznzmssz.txt summary: Now we are going to report some of the several studies involving the use of probiotic formulations to evaluate their efficacy for the treatment of allergic diseases basing on their ability to change either the composition and/or the metabolic activities of the microbiota or modulate immune system reactivity in a way that benefits health. One hundred and sixteen patients with IBS fulfilling the Rome II criteria were randomized in a parallel group, double-blind study to receive a placebo or a probiotic combination (1  10 10 cfu) once daily for four weeks. This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study aimed at determining the efficacy of a probiotic drink containing Lactobacillus for the prevention of any diarrhea associated with antibiotic use and caused by Clostridium difficile. abstract: BACKGROUND & AIMS: The spreading of gastrointestinal diseases is growing all over the world. Although for some of them an effective therapeutic approach has been found, palliation rather than cure is very frequent due to a partial knowledge of their aethiology and pathogenesis. This review, analyzing the main clinical studies, aims at being a state of the art update of the use of probiotic formulations in daily practice. METHODS: In this review we include all the most significant clinical trials involving the use of probiotic formulations for the treatment of several pathologies. RESULTS: Dysbiosis has been observed in irritable bowel syndrome patients. Probiotics may exert a beneficial effect on Crohn’s disease affected patients who have shown gut microbiota antigens and altered wall permeability. Moreover some probiotic formulations seem to enhance the therapy for Helycobacter Pylori reducing its pathogenic potential. Intestinal ecology imbalance has been also linked to cancer induction, allergy, skin and urogenital diseases. In addition probiotics administration seems to be particularly useful to ease post-operative complications. CONCLUSION: Further future clinical trials, involving large numbers of patients, will be mandatory to achieve definite evidence of the preventive and curative role of probiotics in medical practice. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20576332/ doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2010.05.004 id: cord-342303-ddulfe06 author: Ismael, Julia title: Multidisciplinary approach to COVID-19 and cancer: consensus from scientific societies in Argentina date: 2020-05-13 words: 7121.0 sentences: 400.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342303-ddulfe06.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342303-ddulfe06.txt summary: METHODOLOGY: The review included two phases: 1) search and systematic revision of the medical literature; 2) consensus and revision of the document drafted by national scientific societies involved in the management and care of cancer patients using the modified Delphi method. The recommendations are grouped as follows: 1) general care interventions—training of the personnel, cleaning and disinfection of the hospital premises and patient scheduling; 2) treatment decisions—patient care, surgeries, immunosuppressive therapy, radiotherapy and screening; 3) ethical considerations—optimisation of resources, end-of-life care for critically-ill patients; 4) management of hospitalised patients; and 5) wellbeing of the healthcare team. In cases where the overall benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy may be small, and where there are no immunosuppressive options available (for example, hormonal therapy in early-stage hormone-dependant breast cancer), the risk of infection from COVID-19 can be considered as an additional factor to evaluate before the different options available to the patient. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The world is living through an outbreak of an acute respiratory syndrome caused by a new betacoronavirus known as coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), which has been declared an international public health emergency by the World Health Organisation. Cancer patients are a very special population in this setting since they are more susceptible to viral infections than the general population. Several recommendations have been made on this issue, most of them based on expert opinion and institutional experience. It is essential to gather the evidence available for decision making. OBJECTIVE: To review the evidence available in order to create a multi-institutional position from the perspective of scientific societies in Argentina involved in the management of cancer patients. METHODOLOGY: The review included two phases: 1) search and systematic revision of the medical literature; 2) consensus and revision of the document drafted by national scientific societies involved in the management and care of cancer patients using the modified Delphi method. The final results were presented at a videoconference with all the participants. Also, additional comment and recommendations were discussed. The final document was revised and approved for publication by the members of the panel. RESULTS: The consensus panel included 18 representatives from scientific societies from Argentina who assessed the evidence and then made recommendations for the management of cancer patients in our country. International guidelines (CDC; ASCO, NCCN and ESMO) were considered as a background for analysis, as well as institutional guidelines and an open ad hoc survey administered to 114 healthcare professionals from the scientific societies involved in this study. The recommendations are grouped as follows: 1) general care interventions—training of the personnel, cleaning and disinfection of the hospital premises and patient scheduling; 2) treatment decisions—patient care, surgeries, immunosuppressive therapy, radiotherapy and screening; 3) ethical considerations—optimisation of resources, end-of-life care for critically-ill patients; 4) management of hospitalised patients; and 5) wellbeing of the healthcare team. The general recommendation arising from the study is that the management of cancer patients must adapt to the exceptional pandemic status quo without disregarding treatment or cure options. Moreover, healthcare professional accompaniment of all patients should not be neglected. All healthcare professionals must make a significant joint effort to create multidisciplinary teams to discuss the most appropriate measures for each particular situation. CONCLUSIONS: The scientific evidence available on this topic worldwide is in progress. This together with the epidemiologically shifting scenario poses unprecedented challenges in the management of cancer amidst this global pandemic. Furthermore, the key role of the healthcare structural organisation appears evident, such as the drafting of clear guidelines for all the stakeholders, adaptability to constant change and an interdisciplinary shared vision through consensus to provide adequate care to our cancer patients in the light of uncertainty and fast-paced change. url: https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2020.1044 doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1044 id: cord-315453-mbv8vb2r author: Jean, Shio-Shin title: Old and re-purposed drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has developed since December 2019. It has caused a global pandemic with more than three hundred thousand case fatalities. However, apart from supportive care by respirators, no standard medical therapy is validated. AREAS COVERED: This paper presents old drugs with potential in vitro efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. The in vitro database, adverse effects, and potential toxicities of these drugs are reviewed regarding their feasibility of clinical prescription for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. To obtain convincing recommendations, we referred to opinions from the US National Institute of Health regarding drugs repurposed for COVID-19 therapy. EXPERT OPINION: Although strong evidence of well-designed randomized controlled studies regarding COVID-19 therapy is presently lacking, remdesivir, teicoplanin, hydroxychloroquine (not in combination with azithromycin), and ivermectin might be effective antiviral drugs and are deemed promising candidates for controlling SARS-CoV-2. In addition, tocilizumab might be considered as the supplementary treatment for COVID-19 patients with cytokine release syndrome. In future, clinical trials regarding a combination of potentially effective drugs against SARS-CoV-2 need to be conducted to establish the optimal regimen for the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32419524/ doi: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1771181 id: cord-022526-j9kg00qf author: Jones, Samuel L. title: Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System date: 2009-05-18 words: 108803.0 sentences: 5988.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022526-j9kg00qf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022526-j9kg00qf.txt summary: Examination of the cardiovascular system (heart, peripheral pulse, and mucous membranes), lungs, and abdomen is essential to detect clinical signs of systemic inflammation from endotoxemia, coagulation disorders, dehydration, ileus, shock, and other abnormalities resulting from injury to the small or large intestine. Several reports suggest the efficacy of cisapride in managing intestinal disease in horses, including the resolution of persistent large colon impaction, treatment of equine grass sickness, and as a preventative for POI in horses after small intestinal surgery (0.1 mg/kg body mass intramuscularly during the postoperative period). 9 Primary role-players in DPJ-associated ileus include peritoneal inflammation, inflammatory cell migration/activation within the muscularis, small intestinal mechanical distention, and effects of endotoxin absorption. Diarrhea probably results from the severe ulceration and inflammation of the large intestine, causing increased secretion of water, electrolytes, and protein and decreased absorption of fluid. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7158198/ doi: 10.1016/b0-72-169777-1/50015-9 id: cord-004073-k6ad4qgu author: Kabir, K. M. Ariful title: Modelling and analysing the coexistence of dual dilemmas in the proactive vaccination game and retroactive treatment game in epidemic viral dynamics date: 2019-12-04 words: 5899.0 sentences: 305.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004073-k6ad4qgu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004073-k6ad4qgu.txt summary: However, Kabir & Tanimoto [54] claimed that an individual''s decision to take a vaccination after social learning (dynamical behaviour) also occurs on local time scales, so this strategy should be updated instantly. To model the social dual-dilemma as a two-stage game, the pre-emptive vaccination and ex post treatment are developed in the framework of SIR epidemic dynamics in a well-mixed population (figure 1). Based on a feedback loop between the resistance evolution and prescription norm, the game approach establishes a social learning dynamical process that somehow controls the optimum use of the antiviral treatment. Consequently, the treatment game is expressed by the following DC dynamics: Considering the defined payoff structure and the portion of individuals presented in table 2, the social average payoff π , expected value of vaccinators π C and expected value of nonvaccinators π D are, respectively, given by abstract: The dynamics of a spreadable disease are largely governed by four factors: proactive vaccination, retroactive treatment, individual decisions, and the prescribing behaviour of physicians. Under the imposed vaccination policy and antiviral treatment in society, complex factors (costs and expected effects of the vaccines and treatments, and fear of being infected) trigger an emulous situation in which individuals avoid infection by the pre-emptive or ex post provision. Aside from the established voluntary vaccination game, we propose a treatment game model associated with the resistance evolution of antiviral/antibiotic overuse. Moreover, the imperfectness of vaccinations has inevitably led to anti-vaccine behaviour, necessitating a proactive treatment policy. However, under the excessively heavy implementation of treatments such as antiviral medicine, resistant strains emerge. The model explicitly exhibits a dual social dilemma situation, in which the treatment behaviour changes on a local time scale, and the vaccination uptake later evolves on a global time scale. The impact of resistance evolution and the coexistence of dual dilemmas are investigated by the control reproduction number and the social efficiency deficit, respectively. Our investigation might elucidate the substantial impacts of both vaccination and treatment in the framework of epidemic dynamics, and hence suggest the appropriate use of antiviral treatment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6936617/ doi: 10.1098/rspa.2019.0484 id: cord-294624-d71za6hi author: Kapepula, Paulin M. title: Artemisia Spp. Derivatives for COVID-19 Treatment: Anecdotal Use, Political Hype, Treatment Potential, Challenges, and Road Map to Randomized Clinical Trials date: 2020-07-23 words: 2138.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294624-d71za6hi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294624-d71za6hi.txt summary: authors: Kapepula, Paulin M.; Kabengele, Jimmy K.; Kingombe, Micheline; Van Bambeke, Françoise; Tulkens, Paul M.; Sadiki Kishabongo, Antoine; Decloedt, Eric; Zumla, Adam; Tiberi, Simon; Suleman, Fatima; Tshilolo, Léon; Muyembe-TamFum, Jean-Jacques; Zumla, Alimuddin; Nachega, Jean B. Derivatives from the herb Artemisia annua have been used as traditional medicine over centuries for the treatment of fevers, malaria, and respiratory tract infections. This highlights the urgent need for further research on herbal compounds to evaluate efficacy through controlled trials, and for efficacious compounds, to establish the active ingredients, develop formulations and dosing, and define pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and safety to enable drug development. 6, 7 Among many, derivatives from the herb Artemisia annua (Figure 1 ) have been used as traditional medicine over centuries for the treatment of fevers, malaria, and respiratory tract infections. Annua for COVID-19 following claims from politicians and others in low-income countries highlights the need for hard data to establish the active ingredients; develop formulations and dosing; define the pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and safety; and evaluate efficacy through controlled trials. abstract: The world is currently facing a novel COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 that, as of July 12, 2020, has caused a reported 12,322,395 cases and 556,335 deaths. To date, only two treatments, remdesivir and dexamethasone, have demonstrated clinical efficacy through randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in seriously ill patients. The search for new or repurposed drugs for treatment of COVID-19 continues. We have witnessed anecdotal use of herbal medicines, including Artemisia spp. extracts, in low-income countries, and exaggerated claims of their efficacies that are not evidence based, with subsequent political controversy. These events highlight the urgent need for further research on herbal compounds to evaluate efficacy through RCTs, and, when efficacious compounds are identified, to establish the active ingredients, develop formulations and dosing, and define pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and safety to enable drug development. Derivatives from the herb Artemisia annua have been used as traditional medicine over centuries for the treatment of fevers, malaria, and respiratory tract infections. We review the bioactive compounds, pharmacological and immunological effects, and traditional uses for Artemisia spp. derivatives, and discuss the challenges and controversies surrounding current efforts and the scientific road map to advance them to prevent or treat COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0820 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0820 id: cord-261221-9qlndtuo author: Kim, Hwan Soo title: Efficacy of glucocorticoids for the treatment of macrolide refractory mycoplasma pneumonia in children: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials date: 2019-12-18 words: 3360.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261221-9qlndtuo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261221-9qlndtuo.txt summary: Study selection The study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist and selected randomized control trials which compared the efficacy of glucocorticoids add-on to macrolide in the treatment of MRMP in children. The following inclusion criteria were applied: (1) randomized control trial (RCT) which compare the efficacy of glucocorticoids add-on to macrolide alone in children with MRMP, (2) MRMP which was diagnosed with serology or polymerase chain reaction, and that refractories were defined clinically, (3) only included children < 18 years of age, and (4) outcome measures with hospital days, fever duration, and level of C-reactive protein (CRP) change. The estimated mean effect of glucocorticoid add-on treatment on hospital days, fever duration, and change in C-reactive protein (CRP) and the associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted or calculated for the 24 studies included in the meta-analysis with Review Manager 5.3 (The Cochrane Collaboration, London, United Kingdom). abstract: BACKGROUND: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the most common pathogens causing community acquired pneumonia in children. Although the rate of macrolide-refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MRMP) has increased, systemic glucocorticoids as a treatment option has not been validated yet. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of glucocorticoids add-on in the treatment of MRMP in children through systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Data sources A systematic literature search was conducted using ten electronic bibliographic databases including English, Korean, Chinese and Japanese languages, up to March 8, 2018. Study selection The study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist and selected randomized control trials which compared the efficacy of glucocorticoids add-on to macrolide in the treatment of MRMP in children. Data extraction Two independent reviewers extracted: primary outcomes as hospital days, fever duration, and change in C-reactive protein (CRP) and main analysis was performed through meta-analysis with random effects model. RESULTS: Twenty-four unique randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. The mean length of hospital stay in glucocorticoids treatment group was significantly shorter than that in conventional macrolide-treatment group (Weighted mean difference (WMD) = − 4.03 days). The mean length of fever duration was significantly shorter in the glucocorticoid treatment group in comparison with the conventional treatment group (WMD = -3.32 days). Level of CRP after treatment was significantly lower in the glucocorticoid treatment group than that in the conventional treatment group (WMD = -16.03). Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis showed no significant improvement in heterogeneity. As limitations of the study, most of the studies included were from a single country and we were unable to control for heterogeneity across interventions, lack of standardized measures, and different time points of assessments across studies. CONCLUSIONS: Glucocorticoid add-on treatment for MRMP can significantly shorten the duration of fever and hospital stay and decrease the level of CRP. These results should be confirmed by adequately powered studies in the future. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-019-0990-8 doi: 10.1186/s12890-019-0990-8 id: cord-322859-rtzf9dvp author: Kirkby, Charles title: Response to: low dose radiation therapy for COVID-19 pneumonia a double-edged sword date: 2020-05-07 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0167814020302231 doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.04.042 id: cord-006435-4o8uu6d5 author: Kivity, Shaye title: Evidence for the Use of Intravenous Immunoglobulins—A Review of the Literature date: 2009-07-10 words: 14141.0 sentences: 874.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006435-4o8uu6d5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006435-4o8uu6d5.txt summary: Although convincing evidence is lacking for the use of IVIg in view of the severity and the refractory nature of several cases of Evans'' syndrome, IVIg may be considered among the treatment options generally together with CS with or without immunosuppressive therapy (strength of recommendation IIb). Level of evidence B Evidence comes only from one crossover randomized placebo-controlled trial which supports the use of IVIg in HIV-associated thrombocytopenia, especially when platelet count is very low or the risk of bleeding is high (strength of recommendation IIa). Level of evidence B IVIg is not used for the treatment of CMV infection but may be helpful in treatment of hemophagocytic syndrome related to CMV and other viruses (see hematology section); there is some evidence for its effectiveness in preventing seroconversion in transplant patients who are immunosuppressed (strength of recommendation IIa). abstract: Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) were first introduced in the middle of the twentieth century for the treatment of primary immunodeficiencies. In 1981, Paul Imbach noticed an improvement of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, in patients receiving IVIg for immunodeficiencies. This opened a new era for the treatment of autoimmune conditions with IVIg. Since then, IVIg has become an important treatment option in a wide spectrum of diseases, including autoimmune and acute inflammatory conditions, most of them off-label (not included in the US Food and Drug Administration recommendation). A panel of immunologists and internists with experience in IVIg therapy reviewed the medical literature for published data concerning treatment with IVIg. The quality of evidence was assessed, and a summary of the available relevant literature in each disease was given. To our knowledge, this is the first all-inclusive comprehensive review, developed to assist the clinician when considering the use of IVIg in autoimmune diseases, immune deficiencies, and other conditions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7101816/ doi: 10.1007/s12016-009-8155-9 id: cord-317538-i6amqpmt author: Krawczyk, Noa title: Lessons from COVID 19: Are we finally ready to make opioid treatment accessible? date: 2020-07-06 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0740547220303305?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108074 id: cord-322279-6ffnejwj author: Kwon, Seungwon title: Could herbal medicine (Soshihotang) be a new treatment option for COVID-19?: A Narrative Review date: 2020-07-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: While the world struggles under the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a variety of antiviral agents and symptomatic treatments are being administered to patients and urgent clinical trials are underway. Under these circumstances, it is important to explore various possibilities for the treatment of COVID-19 including herbal medicines. Among various herbal medicines, Soshihotang (SSHT,Xiao Chai Hu Tang in Chinese) has been prescribed to treat various viral diseases and is used in combination with other herbal medicines depending on the patient’s symptoms. METHODS: For conducting the present review, we searched electronic databases focusing on the antiviral effect of SSHT in experimental and clinical study until April 2020. The search keywords included SSHT, constituents of SSHT, and antiviral effect. We also searched for materials related to topic directly from websites and published books. Based on these search results, we summarized the results of the included materials in the form of a narrative review. RESULTS: In a number of recent clinical studies, treatment with SSHT improved the infection status of the respiratory and hepatobiliary systems, and experimental studies demonstrated the antiviral effect of SSHT and its components. Furthermore, SSHT are being used in China—where COVID-19 outbreak first took place—and offer a new option to treat COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Based on the present evidences, it is believed that SSHT is likely to be a new therapeutic option for COVID-19. Conducting further studies might provide improved understanding regarding the use of SSHT in treating COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2020.100480 doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100480 id: cord-024893-pd67o7l8 author: Li, Lanjuan title: Translation: Expert Consensus on the Application of Artificial Liver Blood Purification System in the Treatment of Severe and Critical COVID-19: National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases date: 2020-04-17 words: 1333.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024893-pd67o7l8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024893-pd67o7l8.txt summary: title: Translation: Expert Consensus on the Application of Artificial Liver Blood Purification System in the Treatment of Severe and Critical COVID-19: National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Led by Academician Lanjuan Li, based on the experience of treating patients across the country, integrating the opinions of experts from all over the country, the center summarized and formulated the consensus including the basic principles, treatment indications, relative contraindications, mode selection, monitoring indicators, and efficacy evaluation of artificial liver, which provides reference for treatment of severe COVID-19 patients. Studies have shown that the artificial liver support system (ALSS) can remove inflammatory factors and block the "cytokine storm", thus reducing damage to the body caused by the inflammatory response, which is of great value for the treatment of severe and critical patients. abstract: The prevention and treatment of COVID-19 nationwide has entered a tackling phase. Effective treatment of severe and critically ill patients is the key to reducing the fatality of the disease. The artificial liver blood purification system can remove inflammatory factors, alleviate the damage of the inflammatory response to the body, and has important value for the treatment of severe COVID-19. Led by Academician Lanjuan Li, based on the experience of treating patients across the country, integrating the opinions of experts from all over the country, the center summarized and formulated the consensus including the basic principles, treatment indications, relative contraindications, mode selection, monitoring indicators, and efficacy evaluation of artificial liver, which provides reference for treatment of severe COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7227200/ doi: 10.1097/im9.0000000000000021 id: cord-305582-3hmsknon author: Li, Lei title: Therapeutic strategies for critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-20 words: 6155.0 sentences: 310.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305582-3hmsknon.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305582-3hmsknon.txt summary: In the present article, we have summarized the promising drugs, adjunctive agents, respiratory supportive strategies, as well as circulation management, multiple organ function monitoring and appropriate nutritional strategies for the treatment of COVID-19 in the ICU based on the previous experience of treating other viral infections and influenza. According to the latest version of diagnosis and treatment guidelines, confirmed cases infected with 2019-nCoV are classified to have severe illness once complying with one of the following symptoms: (1) anhelation, respiratory rate ≥ 30 times/min; (2) oxygen saturation at rest ≤ 93%; (3) PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 mmHg; and classified to be the critical/life-threatening illness once complying with one of the following symptoms: (1) respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation needed; (2) shock; (3) other organ dysfunction syndrome and requirement of intensive care unit admission. abstract: Since the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak originated from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, at the end of 2019, it has become a clinical threat to the general population worldwide. Among people infected with the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), the intensive management of the critically ill patients in intensive care unit (ICU) needs substantial medical resource. In the present article, we have summarized the promising drugs, adjunctive agents, respiratory supportive strategies, as well as circulation management, multiple organ function monitoring and appropriate nutritional strategies for the treatment of COVID-19 in the ICU based on the previous experience of treating other viral infections and influenza. These treatments are referable before the vaccine and specific drugs are available for COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32307593/ doi: 10.1186/s13613-020-00661-z id: cord-279294-ruqednj6 author: Lin, Dong D. title: Chemotherapy Treatment Modifications During the COVID-19 Outbreak at a Community Cancer Center in New York City date: 2020-08-14 words: 3235.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279294-ruqednj6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279294-ruqednj6.txt summary: [8] [9] [10] The COVID-19 cases started to increase exponentially in New York City in early March, and we witnessed the fear and its impact on both patients with cancer and providers, who started to make recommendations on chemotherapy regimen modifications. The senior author (Y.X.) interviewed each of the five medical oncologists to gather the following information on every patient: cancer type; nature of treatment and status of disease: metastatic, adjuvant or primary treatment; treatment regimen; modification(s) made; who-provider or patient-initiated the modifications; and the reason for not offering modifications, if applicable. In the face of the coronavirus pandemic at a community cancer center in New York City, we wanted to know how often chemotherapy schedules were modified and what the key factors were that influenced the decision-making process. Overall, our study revealed that as many as 56.4% of all patients and approximately 40% of patients taking curative treatments received treatment modifications in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic in our community cancer center. abstract: PURPOSE: As a result of their immunocompromised status associated with disease and treatment, patients with cancer face a profound threat for higher rates of complications and mortality if they contract the coronavirus disease 2019 infection. Medical oncology communities have developed treatment modifications to balance the risk of contracting the virus with the benefit of improving cancer-related outcomes. METHODS: We systemically examined our community cancer center database to display patterns of change and to unveil factors that have been considered with each decision. We studied a cohort of 282 patients receiving treatment and found that 159 patients (56.4%) had treatment modifications. RESULTS: The incidence of treatment modification was observed in patients undergoing adjuvant and neoadjuvant (41.4%), palliative (62.9%), or injectable endocrine or bone-modulating only (76.0%) treatments. Modifications were applied to regimens with myelosuppressive (56.5%), immunosuppressive (69.2%), and immunomodulating (61.5%) potentials. These modifications also affected intravenous (54.9%) and subcutaneous injectable treatments (62.5%) more than oral treatments (15.8%). Treatment modifications in 112 patients (70.4%) were recommended by providers, and 47 (29.6%) were initiated by patients. The most common strategy of modification was to skip or postpone a scheduled treatment (49%). Among treatment with no modifications, treatment regimens were maintained in patients who tolerated treatment well (37.0%), in treatments with curative intent (22%), and in symptomatic patients who required treatment (14%). CONCLUSION: Our observation and analysis suggested that the primary goal of treatment modification was to decrease potential exposure. The pattern also reflected the negative impact of the pandemic on health care providers who initiated these changes. Providers have to consider individualized recommendations incorporating multiple factors, such as tolerance, potential toxicity, treatment nature and route, and disease severity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32795196/ doi: 10.1200/go.20.00309 id: cord-346715-r6a5vxl0 author: Liu, Haizhou title: Hexavalent chromium in drinking water: Chemistry, challenges and future outlook on Sn(II)- and photocatalyst-based treatment date: 2020-08-10 words: 4576.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346715-r6a5vxl0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346715-r6a5vxl0.txt summary: Chromium (Cr) typically exists in either trivalent and hexavalent oxidation states in drinking water, i.e., Cr(III) and Cr(VI), with Cr(VI) of particular concern in recent years due to its high toxicity and new regulatory standards. To moving forward in the right direction, three key questions need further exploration for the technology implementation, including effective management of residual waste, minimizing the risks of Cr(VI) re-occurrence downstream of drinking water treatment plant, and promote the socioeconomic drivers for Cr(VI) control in the future. The reactions of Cr(III) solids oxidation by free chlorine residuals can take place in drinking water distribution systems, as supported by statistical analysis of EPA UCMR3 database. Redox-driven Cr(VI) treatment technologies are more promising and cost-effective than physical separation technologies (for example, ion exchange), because Cr (VI) is chemically reduced to non-toxic Cr(III) solids in the presence of a reductant and subsequently removed as Cr (III) particles, eliminating the need for additional brine disposal (Eary and Rai, 1988) . abstract: Chromium (Cr) typically exists in either trivalent and hexavalent oxidation states in drinking water, i.e., Cr(III) and Cr(VI), with Cr(VI) of particular concern in recent years due to its high toxicity and new regulatory standards. This Account presented a critical analysis of the sources and occurrence of Cr(VI) in drinking water in the United States, analyzed the equilibrium chemistry of Cr(VI) species, summarized important redox reaction relevant to the fate of Cr(VI) in drinking water, and critically reviewed emerging Cr(VI) treatment technologies. There is a wide occurrence of Cr(VI) in US source drinking water, with a strong dependence on groundwater sources, mainly due to naturally weathering of chromium-containing aquifers. Challenges regarding traditional Cr(VI) treatment include chemical cost, generation of secondary waste and inadvertent re-generation of Cr(VI) after treatment. To overcome these challenges, reductive Cr(VI) treatment technologies based on the application of stannous tin or electron-releasing titanium dioxide photocatalyst hold extreme promise in the future. To moving forward in the right direction, three key questions need further exploration for the technology implementation, including effective management of residual waste, minimizing the risks of Cr(VI) re-occurrence downstream of drinking water treatment plant, and promote the socioeconomic drivers for Cr(VI) control in the future. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-020-1267-4 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1267-4 id: cord-022467-j2trahab author: Loo, May title: Select Populations: Children date: 2009-05-15 words: 19061.0 sentences: 1249.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022467-j2trahab.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022467-j2trahab.txt summary: A recent clinical trial that included children over age 12 years and used a fixedcombination homeopathic remedy for a mean 4.1 days of treatment reported that 81.5% reported subjective feelings of being symptom free or significantly improved without complaint of any adverse side effects. 4 A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled study from Great Britain of 170 children with a starting median age of 4.2 years in the experimental group and 3.6 years in the placebo group concluded that individually prescribed homeopathic remedies seem to be ineffective in reducing symptoms or decreasing the use of antibiotics in pediatric patients with URI. 414 In a nonrandomized clinical trial involving 30 children ages 3 months to 8 years with chronic diarrhea of 2 to 4 months'' duration that was unresponsive to Western medicine and TCM, individualized acupuncture treatment eliminated symptoms and normalized stools. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7155731/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-02028-2.50015-2 id: cord-012866-p3mb7r0v author: Luo, Yan title: Predicting the treatment response of certolizumab for individual adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis: protocol for an individual participant data meta-analysis date: 2020-06-12 words: 5247.0 sentences: 264.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-012866-p3mb7r0v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-012866-p3mb7r0v.txt summary: title: Predicting the treatment response of certolizumab for individual adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis: protocol for an individual participant data meta-analysis The aim of the study is to develop such a model in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who receive certolizumab (CTZ) plus methotrexate (MTX) therapy, using individual participant data meta-analysis (IPD-MA). DISCUSSION: This is a study protocol for developing a model to predict treatment response for RA patients receiving CTZ plus MTX in comparison with MTX alone, using a two-stage approach based on IPD-MA. Individual participant data meta-analysis (IPD-MA) has been previously employed to develop prediction models for treatment effects [3] [4] [5] [6] . In the second stage, this baseline risk score will be used as a prognostic factor and an effect modifier in an IPD meta-regression model to estimate the individualized treatment effects of CTZ. abstract: BACKGROUND: A model that can predict treatment response for a patient with specific baseline characteristics would help decision-making in personalized medicine. The aim of the study is to develop such a model in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who receive certolizumab (CTZ) plus methotrexate (MTX) therapy, using individual participant data meta-analysis (IPD-MA). METHODS: We will search Cochrane CENTRAL, PubMed, and Scopus as well as clinical trial registries, drug regulatory agency reports, and the pharmaceutical company websites from their inception onwards to obtain randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating CTZ plus MTX compared with MTX alone in treating RA. We will request the individual-level data of these trials from an independent platform (http://vivli.org). The primary outcome is efficacy defined as achieving either remission (based on ACR-EULAR Boolean or index-based remission definition) or low disease activity (based on either of the validated composite disease activity measures). The secondary outcomes include ACR50 (50% improvement based on ACR core set variables) and adverse events. We will use a two-stage approach to develop the prediction model. First, we will construct a risk model for the outcomes via logistic regression to estimate the baseline risk scores. We will include baseline demographic, clinical, and biochemical features as covariates for this model. Next, we will develop a meta-regression model for treatment effects, in which the stage 1 risk score will be used both as a prognostic factor and as an effect modifier. We will calculate the probability of having the outcome for a new patient based on the model, which will allow estimation of the absolute and relative treatment effect. We will use R for our analyses, except for the second stage which will be performed in a Bayesian setting using R2Jags. DISCUSSION: This is a study protocol for developing a model to predict treatment response for RA patients receiving CTZ plus MTX in comparison with MTX alone, using a two-stage approach based on IPD-MA. The study will use a new modeling approach, which aims at retaining the statistical power. The model may help clinicians individualize treatment for particular patients. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration number pending (ID#157595). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7477831/ doi: 10.1186/s13643-020-01401-x id: cord-334867-ohw0chbg author: Ma, Hui title: Hospital biosecurity capacitation: Analysis and recommendations from the prevention and control of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-27 words: 3667.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 27.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334867-ohw0chbg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334867-ohw0chbg.txt summary: Accordingly, the study put forward the following countermeasures and suggestions for hospitals to deal with future biosecurity events, such as a major epidemic: first, there is a need to build biosecurity management systems and emergency response mechanisms in hospitals; second, the investment and guarantee mechanisms for hospital biosecurity construction should be improved; third, the capacity building of biosecurity incident treatment needs attention in general hospitals; and fourth, comprehensive plans need to be developed for the integrated construction of medical treatment and prevention facilities through disease-control systems. With the large number of patients visiting hospitals, the poor information exchange among medical institutions, disease control institutions, and scientific research institutions caused doctors to have scant knowledge of the epidemiological characteristics, transmission patterns, and human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with the consequence of disappointing treatment results [9] . abstract: The outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic in December 2019 has highlighted issues with hospital biosafety capacitation in the People’s Republic of China, although the epidemic has been controlled now. This study examined the primary issues, including an absence of hospital emergency system, inadequate management and control of nosocomial infection, limited hospital laboratory capacity, and poor hospital admission capacity. Accordingly, the study put forward the following countermeasures and suggestions for hospitals to deal with future biosecurity events, such as a major epidemic: first, there is a need to build biosecurity management systems and emergency response mechanisms in hospitals; second, the investment and guarantee mechanisms for hospital biosecurity construction should be improved; third, the capacity building of biosecurity incident treatment needs attention in general hospitals; and fourth, comprehensive plans need to be developed for the integrated construction of medical treatment and prevention facilities through disease-control systems. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588933820300078?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jobb.2020.05.001 id: cord-018557-iuu38yes author: Mainous, Arch G. title: Upper Respiratory Infections and Acute Bronchitis date: 2009-09-10 words: 7111.0 sentences: 367.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018557-iuu38yes.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018557-iuu38yes.txt summary: Treatment recommendations from the AAP/AAFP guidelines for the management of acute otitis media suggest that observation rather the initial use of antibiotics is appropriate depending on the child''s overall health, age, severity of illness, and likelihood that they can follow-up if necessary. When antibiotics are selected for the management of acute suppurative otitis media, selection of an agent should provide coverage for the two most common organisms, the AAP/AAFP recommends initial treatment with amoxicillin at a dose of 80-90 mg/kg per day. • Evidence does not support the use of antibiotics for the common cold, acute bronchitis, initial cases of otitis media with effusion, and non-group A streptococcal pharyngitis. • Although the data are mixed regarding the utility of antibiotic treatment for acute sinusitis, otitis media, and group A streptococcal pharyngitis, antibiotics may have some benefit. abstract: Upper respiratory infections include the following: uncomplicated upper respiratory infections also known as the “common cold,” acute otitis media, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and acute sinusitis. These conditions, along with acute bronchitis, are very common illnesses that are commonly seen in outpatient settings and are widely treated with antibiotics. In fact, these conditions are the primary indications for outpatient antibiotic prescriptions. These conditions tend to have overlapping clinical characteristics yet evidence regarding the utility of antimicrobial treatments varies across conditions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123462/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-60327-239-1_8 id: cord-346611-jyktuvyy author: Manski, C. F. title: How Should Clinicians Interpret Imprecise Trials Assessing Drugs for COVID-19 Patients? date: 2020-06-05 words: 8169.0 sentences: 527.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346611-jyktuvyy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346611-jyktuvyy.txt summary: Considering the design of COVID-19 trials, we show that the empirical success rule yields treatment results that are much closer to optimal than those generated by prevailing decision criteria based on hypothesis tests. Table 2 compares near-optimality of the empirical success rule and the hypothesis test-based decision criterion in two-arm trials for a wide range of sample sizes. Given any specified sample size, the empirical success rule has been shown to achieve the lowest possible value of near-optimality in trials with binary outcomes that assign an equal number of patients to each arm (Stoye, 2009 ). In Table 4 we compare near-optimality of prescribing treatments using standard multiple hypothesis testing approach and of prescribing them using the empirical success rule in five-arm trials with different sample sizes. Manski and Tetenov (2019) study the near-optimality of the empirical success rule when there are two feasible treatments and patient welfare is a weighted sum of binary primary and secondary outcomes. abstract: As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, researchers are reporting findings of randomized trials comparing standard care with care augmented by experimental drugs. The trials have small sample sizes, so estimates of treatment effects are imprecise. Seeing imprecision, clinicians reading research articles may find it difficult to decide when to treat patients with experimental drugs. Whatever decision criterion one uses, there is always some probability that random variation in trial outcomes will lead to prescribing sub-optimal treatments. A conventional practice when comparing standard care and an innovation is to choose the innovation only if the estimated treatment effect is positive and statistically significant. This practice defers to standard care as the status quo. We argue that clinicians should ignore conventional measures of statistical significance. They should choose treatments that work best in trials, taking side effects into account and recognizing that treatment effects may vary with patient risk factors. To evaluate treatments, we use the concept of near optimality, which jointly considers the probability and magnitude of decision errors. An appealing decision criterion from this perspective is the empirical success rule, which chooses the treatment with the highest observed average patient outcome in the trial. Considering the design of COVID-19 trials, we show that the empirical success rule yields treatment results that are much closer to optimal than those generated by prevailing decision criteria based on hypothesis tests. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.26.20114009v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.26.20114009 id: cord-022520-ebj51v9o author: Marini, Robert P. title: Biology and Diseases of Ferrets date: 2007-09-02 words: 19489.0 sentences: 1211.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022520-ebj51v9o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022520-ebj51v9o.txt summary: Campylobacter jejuni is a gram-negative, spirally curved microaerophilic bacterium that is recognized as a significant cause of human enteritis and is as-sociated with diarrheic illness in several animal species, including dogs, cats, cows, goats, pigs, mink, ferrets, and sheep (Carter et al., 1995) . Reports of spontaneous cases in ferrets require diagnostic confirmation and differentiation from cases of proliferative bowel disease and other infectious and noninfectious causes of diarrhea. Systemic infection with the bovine strain in ferrets results in disseminated disease with weight loss, anorexia, lethargy, death, and miliary lesions involving the lungs and other viscera (Fox, 1998a) . Clinical disease may occur in kits as young as 1-4 days old or in older animals up to 6 weeks of age. Other potential etiologies that have been considered include two infectious agents that are known to cause chronic immune stimulation in affected ferrets, the Aleutian disease virus (ADV) and Helicobacter mustelae. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7158191/ doi: 10.1016/b978-012263951-7/50016-8 id: cord-280111-6hiuzkvz author: Maspero, Cinzia title: Available Technologies, Applications and Benefits of Teleorthodontics. A Literature Review and Possible Applications during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-17 words: 6913.0 sentences: 358.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280111-6hiuzkvz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280111-6hiuzkvz.txt summary: This literature review aims at reducing in-office appointments by providing an overview of the technologies available and their reliability in the long-distance monitoring of patients, i.e., teledentistry. As no reviews have yet been carried out on the efficacy of teleassistance in orthodontics as a way to manage patients at a distance, we would like to report on the evidence available as to the possibility of implementing new technologies in teleassistance, generally known by teleorthodontics to help during the COVID-19 pandemic to remotely monitor patients'' conditions. The attitudes toward teleassistance in orthodontics, and in general, dentistry by respective dental care professionals, was investigated in several studies which confirmed it was as an effective alternative to in-office visits for several routine procedures and to make consultations more accessible to dentists and patients [23, 38] . abstract: Background: COVID-2019 spread rapidly throughout the world from China. This infection is highly contagiousness, has a high morbidity, and is capable of evolving into a potentially lethal form of interstitial pneumonia. Numerous countries shut-down various activities that were considered “not essential.” Dental treatment was in this category and, at the time of writing, only non-deferrable emergencies are still allowed in many countries. Therefore, follow-up visits of ongoing active therapies (e.g., orthodontic treatment) must be handled taking special precautions. This literature review aims at reducing in-office appointments by providing an overview of the technologies available and their reliability in the long-distance monitoring of patients, i.e., teledentistry. Methods: A literature review was made according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. Randomized clinical trials, cross sectional, observational, and case-control studies were evaluated with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool for quality assessment and study limitations. Results: A primary search found 80 articles, 69/80 were excluded as non-relevant on the basis of: the abstract, title, study design, bias, and/or lack of relevance. Twelve articles were included in the qualitative analysis. Conclusions: Teleorthodontics can manage most emergencies, reassuring and following patients remotely. The aim set by dental teleassistance was met as it reduced patients’ office visits whilst maintaining regular monitoring, without compromising the results. Although our preliminary findings should be further investigated to objectively evaluate the efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and long-term results, we are confident that teleassistance in orthodontics will have a role to play in the near future. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32560322/ doi: 10.3390/jcm9061891 id: cord-306600-cxz8hf9q author: Matarazzo, Laura title: Therapeutic Synergy Between Antibiotics and Pulmonary Toll-Like Receptor 5 Stimulation in Antibiotic-Sensitive or -Resistant Pneumonia date: 2019-04-09 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Bacterial infections of the respiratory tract constitute a major cause of death worldwide. Given the constant rise in bacterial resistance to antibiotics, treatment failure is increasingly frequent. In this context, innovative therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Stimulation of innate immune cells in the respiratory tract [via activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs)] is an attractive approach for rapidly activating the body's immune defenses against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. Previous studies of the TLR5 agonist flagellin in animal models showed that standalone TLR stimulation does not result in the effective treatment of pneumococcal respiratory infection but does significantly improve the therapeutic outcome of concomitant antibiotic treatment. Here, we investigated the antibacterial interaction between antibiotic and intranasal flagellin in a mouse model of pneumococcal respiratory infection. Using various doses of orally administered amoxicillin or systemically administered cotrimoxazole, we found that the intranasal instillation of flagellin (a dose that promotes maximal lung pro-inflammatory responses) induces synergistic rather than additive antibacterial effects against antibiotic–susceptible pneumococcus. We next set up a model of infection with pneumococcus that is resistant to multiple antibiotics in the context of influenza superinfection. Remarkably, the combination of amoxicillin and flagellin effectively treated superinfection with the amoxicillin-resistant pneumococcus since the bacterial clearance was increased by more than 100-fold compared to standalone treatments. Our results also showed that, in response to flagellin, the lung tissue generated an innate immune response even though it had been damaged by the influenza virus and pneumococcal infections. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the selective boosting of lung innate immunity is a conceptually advantageous approach for improving the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment and fighting antibiotic-resistant bacteria. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00723 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00723 id: cord-316117-o29773cz author: Menzella, Francesco title: Pharmacologicaltreatment of COVID-19: lights and shadows date: 2020-05-19 words: 4459.0 sentences: 265.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316117-o29773cz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316117-o29773cz.txt summary: At the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), caused an outbreak of pneumonia spreading from Wuhan, Hubei province, to the whole country of China and then the entire world, forcing the World Health Organization (WHO) to make the assessment that the coronavirus disease (COVID19) can be characterized as a pandemic, the first ever caused by a coronavirus. The search strategy was based on the following keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome, antivirals, corticosteroids, biologics, and anticoagulants. Current antiviral treatments are mainly based on previous experiences (favipiravir) or on experimental drugs (remdesivir) used for the treatment of viral infections due to different viruses, such as influenza virus (InfV), Ebolavirus (EBOV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), MERS, and SARS. 38 On the contrary, in a study with a small cohort of patients hospitalized for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, no strong antiviral activity or clinical efficacy of the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin was found. abstract: At the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, caused an outbreak of pneumonia spreading from Wuhan, Hubei province, to the whole country of China and then the entire world, forcing the World Health Organization to make the assessment that the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can be characterized as a pandemic, the first ever caused by a coronavirus. To date, clinical evidence and guidelines based on reliable data and randomized clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 are lacking. In the absence of definitive management protocols, many treatments for COVID-19 are currently being evaluated and tested worldwide. Some of these options were soon abandoned due to ineffectiveness, while others showed promising results. The basic treatments are mainly represented by antiviral drugs, even if the evidence is not satisfactory. Among the antivirals, the most promising appears to be remdesivir. Corticosteroids and tocilizumab seem to guarantee positive results in selected patients so far, although the timing of starting therapy and the most appropriate therapeutic schemes remain to be clarified. Efficacy of the other drugs is still uncertain, and they are currently used as a cocktail of treatments in the absence of definitive guidelines. What will represent the real solution to the enormous problem taking place worldwide is the identification of a safe and effective vaccine, for which enormous efforts and investments are underway. url: https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.2020-4-6 doi: 10.7573/dic.2020-4-6 id: cord-275828-c6d6nk7x author: Mikasa, Keiichi title: JAID/JSC Guidelines for the Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases: The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases/Japanese Society of Chemotherapy – The JAID/JSC Guide to Clinical Management of Infectious Disease/Guideline-preparing Committee Respiratory Infectious Disease WG date: 2016-07-31 words: 39672.0 sentences: 2522.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275828-c6d6nk7x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275828-c6d6nk7x.txt summary: -SBT/ABPC, intravenous drip, 3 g/3e4 times a day -CTRX, intravenous drip, 1 g/twice a day or 2 g/once a day -CTX, intravenous drip, 1e2 g/2e3 times a day -LVFX, intravenous drip, 500 mg/once a day (2) Cases of late-onset hospital-acquired pneumonia or ventilator-associated pneumonia in which the risk of resistant bacteria is high An antimicrobial drug with anti-pseudomonal activity that targets non-glucose-fermentative gram-negative rod should be administered [50, 51, 68] -To treat polymicrobial infection, the administration of an antimicrobial drug with an activity against obligate anaerobe is not always necessary [67, 70] . -SBT/ABPC, intravenous drip, 3 g/3e4 times a day -CTRX, intravenous drip, 2 g/once a day or 1 g/twice a day -CTX, intravenous drip, 1e2 g/2e3 times a day -LVFX, intravenous drip, 500 mg/once a day (2) Late-onset hospital-acquired pneumonia or cases in which there is a risk of multi-drug-resistant bacteria In addition to the above pathogens, the involvement of non-glucose-fermentative gram negative bacteria or ESBLproducing enteric bacteria must be considered. For the treatment of immunodeficiency-/blood disease-related pneumonia in children, antimicrobial drug therapy should also be basically selected, considering causative microorganisms. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1341321X16000283 doi: 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.12.019 id: cord-291417-p49ukyhx author: Mikulska, Malgorzata title: Tocilizumab and steroid treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-08-20 words: 4441.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291417-p49ukyhx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291417-p49ukyhx.txt summary: METHODS: This observational single-center study included patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who were not intubated and received either standard of care (SOC, controls) or SOC plus early (within 3 days from hospital admission) anti-inflammatory treatment. This observational single-center study included patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who were not intubated and received either standard of care (SOC, controls) or SOC plus early (within 3 days from hospital admission) anti-inflammatory treatment. We hypothesized that outcomes such as no need for intubation and survival of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia in whom tocilizumab and/or methylprednisolone were administered in addition to standard of care (SOC) could be better than in those who received only SOC. In this observational study in non-intubated patients with mainly severe COVID-19 pneumonia, the early addition of tocilizumab and/or methylprednisolone to SOC resulted in adjusted failure-free survival of 86.5% and 80.8% at day 14 and 30, which was, respectively, 10.7% and 16.7% higher than in SOC patients. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to respiratory failure due to severe immune response. Treatment targeting this immune response might be beneficial but there is limited evidence on its efficacy. The aim of this study was to determine if early treatment of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia with tocilizumab and/or steroids was associated with better outcome. METHODS: This observational single-center study included patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who were not intubated and received either standard of care (SOC, controls) or SOC plus early (within 3 days from hospital admission) anti-inflammatory treatment. SOC consisted of hydroxychloroquine 400mg bid plus, in those admitted before March 24(th), also darunavir/ritonavir. Anti-inflammatory treatment consisted of either tocilizumab (8mg/kg intravenously or 162mg subcutaneously) or methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg for 5 days or both. Failure was defined as intubation or death, and the endpoints were failure-free survival (primary endpoint) and overall survival (secondary) at day 30. Difference between the groups was estimated as Hazard Ratio by a propensity score weighted Cox regression analysis (HR(OW)). RESULTS: Overall, 196 adults were included in the analyses. They were mainly male (67.4%), with comorbidities (78.1%) and severe COVID-19 pneumonia (83.7%). Median age was 67.9 years (range, 30–100) and median PaO(2)/FiO(2) 200 mmHg (IQR 133–289). Among them, 130 received early anti-inflammatory treatment with: tocilizumab (n = 29, 22.3%), methylprednisolone (n = 45, 34.6%), or both (n = 56, 43.1%). The adjusted failure-free survival among tocilizumab/methylprednisolone/SOC treated patients vs. SOC was 80.8% (95%CI, 72.8–86.7) vs. 64.1% (95%CI, 51.3–74.0), HR(OW) 0.48, 95%CI, 0.23–0.99; p = 0.049. The overall survival among tocilizumab/methylprednisolone/SOC patients vs. SOC was 85.9% (95%CI, 80.7–92.6) vs. 71.9% (95%CI, 46–73), HR(OW) 0.41, 95%CI: 0.19–0.89, p = 0.025. CONCLUSION: Early adjunctive treatment with tocilizumab, methylprednisolone or both may improve outcomes in non-intubated patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237831 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237831 id: cord-282147-oq30pax6 author: Morris, Chad D. title: Nicotine and Opioids: a Call for Co-treatment as the Standard of Care date: 2020-06-03 words: 6610.0 sentences: 390.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282147-oq30pax6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282147-oq30pax6.txt summary: There are a number of oft cited barriers to addressing smoking in treatment settings including concerns that 1 agency census levels and completion rates will drop, 2 tobacco users will be less likely to seek addiction treatment, 3 patients are neither interested in tobacco cessation nor able to successfully quit tobacco, 4 patients will relapse to alcohol or drug use if they attempted to quit tobacco, 5 tobacco-free policies will be difficult to enforce, 6 clinicians lack the skills to effectively treat tobacco dependence, and 7 clinicians have too many competing demands preventing attention to smoking cessation. Additionally, regardless of the screening and brief intervention model employed, establishing a SUD patient registry, which includes both opioids and nicotine use, within a practice-based research and/or health care network allows for better data aggregation, patient identification, and stratification to appropriate treatment levels. abstract: The U.S. is in the midst of an opioid epidemic. At the same time, tobacco use remains the leading cause of preventable death and disability. While the shared biological underpinnings of nicotine and opioid addiction are well established, clinical implications for co-treatment of these two substance use disorders has not been emphasized in the literature, nor have researchers, clinicians, and policy makers adequately outlined pathways for incorporating co-treatment into existing clinical workflows. The current brief review characterizes the metabolic and neural mechanisms which mediate co-use of nicotine and opioids, and then outlines clinical and policy implications for concurrently addressing these two deadly epidemics. Screening, assessment, medication-assisted treatment (MAT), and tobacco-free policy are discussed. The evidence suggests that clinical care and policies that facilitate co-treatment are an expedient means of delivering healthcare to individuals that result in better health for the population while also meeting patients’ substance abuse disorder recovery goals. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-020-09712-6 doi: 10.1007/s11414-020-09712-6 id: cord-023165-f6o6owg3 author: NAVARRE, CHRISTINE B. title: Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System date: 2009-05-21 words: 24560.0 sentences: 1604.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-023165-f6o6owg3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023165-f6o6owg3.txt summary: The most important reason for examining feces in sheep and goats is to determine the presence and relative number of nematode parasites infesting an animal or flock. Clinical signs of frothy bloat and free gas bloat from either food intake or physical obstruction of the esophagus are usually more severe and immediately life-threatening than bloat seen from rumen wall diseases and systemic influences. Rumen acidosis usually occurs in animals that have been fed predominantly forage-based rations and are suddenly given access to large amounts of highly fermentable concentrates or concentrated forms of energy. Table 4 -2 lists the agents most likely to cause diarrhea in lambs and kids, tissues or other samples required for diagnosis, and commonly employed test methods. Liver abscesses usually occur as a result of chronic rumenitis in cattle, but they are rare in sheep and goats. F. hepatica infestation usually causes acute disease in sheep and goats but can present as a chronic condition. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7167521/ doi: 10.1016/b0-72-169052-1/50006-5 id: cord-296881-2g81sjnl author: Nabil, Ahmed title: Current coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches: An updated review until June 2020 date: 2020-07-20 words: 4802.0 sentences: 253.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296881-2g81sjnl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296881-2g81sjnl.txt summary: On May 7, 2020, Gilead Sciences, announced that the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) has granted regulatory approval of Veklury® (Remdesivir) as a treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection, the virus that causes COVID-19 acute respiratory syndrome, under an exceptional approval pathway. In COVID-19 infection, a massive number of T-lymphocytes and mononuclear macrophages are activated, emitting different cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), which binds to the IL-6 receptor on its target cells, causing the cytokine storm and severe inflammatory responses in most organs including lungs, liver, kidney and other tissues and organs. Moreover, in July 2020 the WHO discontinued clinical trials with hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir treatment arms for COVID-19 (WHO, 2020b), where both therapies produced little and no reduction in the mortality of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 cases when compared to standard of care. COVID-19 infection and treatment with hydroxychloroquine cause severe haemolysis crisis in a patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency abstract: Coronaviruses are a group of enveloped viruses with non-segmented, single-stranded, and positive-sense RNA genomes. In December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in Wuhan City, China. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus outbreak as a global pandemic in March 2020. Fever, dry cough and fatigue are found in the vast majority of all COVID-19 cases. Early diagnosis, treatment and future prevention are keys to COVID-19 management. Currently, the unmet need to develop cost-effective point-of-contact test kits and efficient laboratory techniques for confirmation of COVID-19 infection has powered a new frontier of diagnostic innovation. No proven effective therapies or vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 currently exist. The rapidly increasing research regarding COVID-19 virology provides a significant number of potential drug targets. Remdesivir may be the most promising therapy up till now. On May 1, 2020, Gilead Sciences, announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted emergency use authorization (EUA) for the investigational Remdesivir as a potential antiviral for COVID-19 treatment. On May 7, 2020, Gilead Sciences, announced that the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) has granted regulatory approval of Veklury® (Remdesivir) as a treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection, the virus that causes COVID-19 acute respiratory syndrome, under an exceptional approval pathway. Also, Corticosteroids are recommended for severe cases only to suppress the immune response and reduce symptoms, but not for mild and moderate patients where they are associated with a high-risk side effect. Based on the currently published evidence, we tried to highlight different diagnostic approaches, side effects and therapeutic agents that could help physicians in the frontlines. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32788913/ doi: 10.17179/excli2020-2554 id: cord-017142-vx3rgs4r author: Nair, Ranjit title: What the Intensivists Need to Know About Critically Ill Myeloma Patients date: 2019-07-09 words: 9343.0 sentences: 460.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017142-vx3rgs4r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017142-vx3rgs4r.txt summary: Suspicion of cast nephropathy in newly diagnosed myeloma patients with serum FLC above 1000 mg/L should be high, especially if associated selective proteinuria composed of FLC/BJP exists, as the degree of renal injury is usually related to tumor load [55] . MM patients are at high risk for cardiac complications secondary multiple factors including an older age group of patients with underlying comorbidities, concurrent kidney involvement, MM-associated deposition disease, and/or anti-MM drug-related side effects. Cardiac amyloidosis can be clinically silent initially, and a MM patient presenting with progressive dyspnea, worsening edema with evidence of heart failure, or dysrhythmia presenting as syncope or hypotensive event requires a thorough work-up to rule out coexisting amyloid disease. Immunosuppression is mediated by disease-and treatment-related factors including decreased ratio of functional to dysfunctional immunoglobulins, defects in antibody opsonization, steroid-related T cell defects, secondary immunodeficiency related to chemotherapy, restricted pulmonary reserve from thoracic rib fractures and opiate use, mucosal damage, indwelling catheters, and presence of renal failure [53, 88, 100] . abstract: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by an increase in aberrant plasma cells in the bone marrow leading to rising monoclonal protein in serum and urine. With the introduction of novel therapies with manageable side effects, this incurable disease has evolved into a chronic disease with an acceptable quality of life for the majority of patients. Accordingly, management of acute complications is fundamental in reducing the morbidity and mortality in MM. MM emergencies include symptoms and signs related directly to the disease and/or to the treatment; many organs may be involved including, but not limited to, renal, cardiovascular, neurologic, hematologic, and infectious complications. This review will focus on the numerous approaches that are aimed at managing these complications. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121630/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-74588-6_98 id: cord-292454-xa80078x author: Nazari, Nabi title: Transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders in people with multiple sclerosis: randomized controlled trial date: 2020-10-31 words: 5573.0 sentences: 341.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292454-xa80078x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292454-xa80078x.txt summary: The assessment protocol included semi-structured clinical interviews and self-reports evaluating diagnostic criteria, depression, anxiety and worry symptoms, emotional dysregulation, and affectivity. RESULTS: The parametric test of analysis of covariance, followed the intent to treat analyses, revealed the unified protocol significantly changed depression symptoms (Cohen''s d = 1.9), anxiety symptoms (Cohen''s d = 2.16), worry symptoms (Cohen''s d = 1.27), emotion dysregulation (Cohen''s d = 0.44), positive affect (Cohen''s d = 1.51), and negative affect (Cohen''s d = 1.89) compared with the control group. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of a group format of the unified protocol for the transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders and symptoms in adult PwMS. The results revealed that PwMS, who participated in the unified protocol intervention group, demonstrated significant improvements in depressive and anxiety and worry emotion regulation, and affectivity outcomes at post-treatment compared with those who participated in the TAU group. abstract: BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. MS is significantly associated with a high rate of psychological, behavioral, and emotional consequences. Despite the frequent mental disorders, high rate of psychological comorbidities, and emotional problems in people with MS (PwMS), these conditions are often underdiagnosed and undertreated. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of a group format of the unified protocol for the transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders in adult PwMS associated with an emotional disorder. METHODS: Seventy adult PwMS were randomized using an internet-based computer system to either the unified protocol (n = 35) or treatment as usual condition. The assessment protocol included semi-structured clinical interviews and self-reports evaluating diagnostic criteria, depression, anxiety and worry symptoms, emotional dysregulation, and affectivity. RESULTS: The parametric test of analysis of covariance, followed the intent to treat analyses, revealed the unified protocol significantly changed depression symptoms (Cohen’s d = 1.9), anxiety symptoms (Cohen’s d = 2.16), worry symptoms (Cohen’s d = 1.27), emotion dysregulation (Cohen’s d = 0.44), positive affect (Cohen’s d = 1.51), and negative affect (Cohen’s d = 1.89) compared with the control group. The unified protocol also significantly improved outcome scores at the end of treatment relative to baseline (p < .001). CONCLUSION: The findings support that the unified protocol could be an additional efficient psychological treatment for PwMS. Trial registration IRCT, number: IRCT20190711044173N1. Registered 31october 2019, https://en.irct.ir/user/trial/40779/view. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33129356/ doi: 10.1186/s40359-020-00480-8 id: cord-293151-g3758oes author: Nemzek, Jean A. title: Biology and Diseases of Dogs date: 2015-07-10 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Historically, the dog played an important role as a laboratory animal in biomedical research. Although numbers are declining, the use of dogs continues to be common in pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular studies. The normal biology of the dog as both a laboratory and a companion animal has been well studied and reference values are presented here as a clinical and experimental resource. This provides the necessary background to discuss the spontaneous diseases, including infectious and neoplastic conditions, prevalent in purpose bred as well as random source dogs used in biomedical research. In addition, diseases and conditions that arise secondary to the housing and experimental manipulation of dogs is discussed with emphasis on treatment and prevention. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780124095274000122 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-409527-4.00012-2 id: cord-346607-1mewok8l author: Oesterle, Tyler S. title: Substance Use Disorders and Telehealth in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era: A New Outlook date: 2020-10-21 words: 4945.0 sentences: 286.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346607-1mewok8l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346607-1mewok8l.txt summary: This article reviews current literature for the use of tele/virtual interventions in the treatment of SUDs and offers recommendations on safe an effective implementation strategies based on the current literature. The COVID-19 pandemic makes it imperative for clinical practice to adapt rapidly in order to meet patient needs for SUD treatment while reducing risk of COVID-19 infection; hence, many providers are now using telehealth for the first time. When compared to treatment as usual for Alcohol Use Disorder, the addition of telephone-based services has been shown to improve abstinence rates and reduce binge drinking in the short term but not after the cessation of the interventions examined with no increase in adverse outcomes. A number of studies have shown group based treatment by videoconference, both support groups and treatment groups, including those targeting tobacco, alcohol and opioid use disorders have been shown to provide safe intervention, high patient satisfaction and appear to have similar outcomes to in person treatments. abstract: During the current COVID-19 epidemic many outpatient chemical dependency treatment programs and clinics are decreasing the number of in-person patients contact. This has widened an already large gap between patients with substance use disorders (SUD) that need treatment and those that actually received treatment. For a disorder where group therapy is the mainstay treatment option for decades, social distancing, shelter in place and treatment discontinuation have created an urgent need for alternative approaches to addiction treatment. In an attempt to continue some care for patients in need, many a medical interventions have transitioned to a virtual environment in order to promote safe social distancing. Although there is ample evidence to support tele-medical interventions, these can be difficult to implement especially in SUD populations. This article reviews current literature for the use of tele/virtual interventions in the treatment of SUDs and offers recommendations on safe an effective implementation strategies based on the current literature. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0025619620311952 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.10.011 id: cord-262115-kdeynhzq author: Opgenorth, Julie title: Colostrum supplementation with n-3 fatty acids alters plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory mediators in newborn calves date: 2020-10-09 words: 7491.0 sentences: 419.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262115-kdeynhzq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262115-kdeynhzq.txt summary: Our objective was to determine the dose response to fish and flaxseed oil when supplemented in colostrum on concentrations of plasma fatty acid (FA), FA metabolites, and index of oxidative stress during the critical first week of life in calves to understand how supplementing n-3 FA may decrease oxidative stress. In conclusion, supplementing colostrum with 30, 60, and 120 mL of a 1:1 mixture of fish and flaxseed oil linearly increased plasma concentrations of n-3 FA and metabolites and decreased biomarkers of oxidative stress, but did not alter oxidant status or affect health or growth. Increasing doses of 30, 60, and 120 mL of 1:1 fish: flaxseed oil blend supplemented in colostrum did not affect health or growth in calves, decreased phospholipid n-6 FA: n -3 FA profile, increased free and phospholipid n-3 FA concentrations, and increased several oxylipids deriving from n-3 FA during the first week of life. abstract: Calves may experience increased oxidative stress at birth through activation of metabolic and respiratory processes. Reducing oxidative stress may enhance calf viability in early life. Our objective was to determine the dose response to fish and flaxseed oil when supplemented in colostrum on concentrations of plasma fatty acid (FA), FA metabolites, and index of oxidative stress during the critical first week of life in calves to understand how supplementing n-3 FA may decrease oxidative stress. We hypothesized that n-3 FA supplemented in colostrum in a linear dose-dependent fashion would associate with increased plasma n-3 FA concentrations and decreased oxidative stress. Twenty-four male and female Holstein calves were randomly assigned to receive 0, 30, 60, or 120 mL of a 1:1 fish to flaxseed oil supplement in colostrum. All calves received 2.8 L of previously frozen colostrum (≥22% Brix) with their respective treatment within 6 h after birth. Blood was sampled before first feeding after birth and on d 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14 d of age to assess oxidant status and plasma free PUFA, phospholipid FA, and oxylipid concentrations. Health indicators were observed daily. Indicators of general health and growth were unaffected by treatment. Supplemented calves exhibited greater concentrations of n-3 FA in plasma as free and phospholipid FA and some n-3 and n-6 FA-derived oxylipids in the first week of life in a linear fashion with increasing supplemental dose. Fish and flaxseed oil treatments did not alter oxidant status but overall decreased isoprostane concentrations in plasma, indicating oxidative stress was decreased. Together, these responses indicate that the fish and flaxseed oil supplement was antiinflammatory. In conclusion, supplementing colostrum with 30, 60, and 120 mL of a 1:1 mixture of fish and flaxseed oil linearly increased plasma concentrations of n-3 FA and metabolites and decreased biomarkers of oxidative stress, but did not alter oxidant status or affect health or growth. Our findings suggest neonatal calves may benefit from n-3 FA supplementation in colostrum to encourage a greater antiinflammatory state. url: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-18045 doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-18045 id: cord-318005-cxjnczwv author: Ormerod, A.D. title: Molluscum contagiosum effectively treated with a topical acidified nitrite, nitric oxide liberating cream date: 2001-12-24 words: 1710.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318005-cxjnczwv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318005-cxjnczwv.txt summary: title: Molluscum contagiosum effectively treated with a topical acidified nitrite, nitric oxide liberating cream A double‐blind, group‐sequential clinical trial of acidified nitrite was performed to demonstrate the efficacy of this nitric oxide donor in treating molluscum contagiosum. 9 We have previously described the use of acidified nitrite cream as an NO donor to treat dermatophyte infections 10 and now show the effectiveness of this topical treatment in molluscum contagiosum. As we could not estimate the size of the effect of this therapy, we chose a double-blind, group-sequential design 19 in which subjects were randomized to receive either 5% sodium nitrite co-applied with 5% salicylic acid under occlusion, or identical cream with 5% salicylic acid but omitting sodium nitrite, as a control. No significant difference was found between the active treatment and control groups in the number of lesions per patient or duration of these lesions (Table 1) . abstract: A double‐blind, group‐sequential clinical trial of acidified nitrite was performed to demonstrate the efficacy of this nitric oxide donor in treating molluscum contagiosum. Subjects received either 5% sodium nitrite co‐applied with 5% salicylic acid under occlusion, or identical cream with 5% salicylic acid, omitting sodium nitrite. Active and control treatment groups were well matched for the number and duration of lesions and made a similar number of applications. We found a 75% cure rate in the active treatment group and 21% cure with control treatment (P = 0·01). The mean time to cure was 1·83 months. Staining of the skin and irritation were frequent side‐effects but did not prevent successful treatment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10606851/ doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.03204.x id: cord-285898-rtqkvf63 author: Padberg, Stephanie title: Anti-infective Agents date: 2014-09-29 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Infections may be hazardous to the health of the mother, the course of pregnancy, and the unborn child. They can lead to premature labor or premature rupture of membranes and thereby increase the risk for spontaneous abortion and prematurity. Furthermore, certain germs can pass to the unborn child and harm it directly. Therefore, an anti-infective treatment which should be both effective and safe for the mother and the unborn child is often required. The use of penicillines and older cephalosporines is well documented and considered to be safe. Consequently, they are the drug of choice during pregnancy. In selected cases of bacterial resistance or intolerance to first-line antibiotics, other anti-infective agents might be recommended. Especially for life-threatening infections, a therapy with not so well-tried agents might be needed. The potential benefit of treatment in such cases most often outbalances the potential risk for the unborn child. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012408078200007X doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-408078-2.00007-x id: cord-312125-j9l6l3dx author: Pau, Alice K. title: Convalescent Plasma for the Treatment of COVID-19: Perspectives of the National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel date: 2020-09-25 words: 1796.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312125-j9l6l3dx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312125-j9l6l3dx.txt summary: In the United States, the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently being tested in randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials. Treatment of individual patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma outside such trials is also now permitted through U.S. Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorization. Here, members of the National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel provide their views regarding use of convalescent plasma for treating COVID-19. In March 2020, the FDA authorized expanded access to convalescent plasma for treating severe or life-threatening COVID-19 under individual-patient emergency Investigational New Drug applications. Given the lack of data from properly powered RCTs, and the need to inform regulatory decision making regarding continued access to convalescent plasma, both the FDA and the Mayo Clinic performed retrospective, indirect evaluations of efficacy by using EAP data, hypothesizing that patients who received plasma units with higher titers of neutralizing antibodies would have better clinical outcomes. abstract: In the United States, the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently being tested in randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials. Treatment of individual patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma outside such trials is also now permitted through U.S. Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorization. Here, members of the National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel provide their views regarding use of convalescent plasma for treating COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-6448 doi: 10.7326/m20-6448 id: cord-342096-pijvvo2i author: Peivandi, S. title: Evaluation of attitude among infertile couples about continuing assisted reproductive technologies therapy during novel coronavirus outbreak date: 2020-09-03 words: 3788.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342096-pijvvo2i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342096-pijvvo2i.txt summary: Study question: Does the fear of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic reduce the desire of infertile couples to continue treatment? Due to the fact that the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through sexual secretions, and through the pregnant mother to the child has not yet been confirmed, during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, some of these important aspects need to be considered: 1) Accurate identification Infertile women who are sensitive at this time; 2) effective personalization of stimulation based on maternal age and ovarian reserve; and 3) prevention of ART-related risks such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), complications associated with egg retrieval, and multiple pregnancies (28) . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.01.20186320 doi: medRxiv preprint In our study, couples'' knowledge, and awareness of general information about COVID-19 such as common symptoms, prevention methods, and also about whether SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted vertically or sexually (0.00%), was evaluated well. abstract: Study question: Does the fear of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic reduce the desire of infertile couples to continue treatment? Summary answer: Most of the participants in this study wanted to continue treatment. What is known already: The effect of the prevalence of infectious diseases including the Zika virus on the attitude of infertile couples has been studied in very few studies. However, the effect of the outbreak of COVID-19 on the attitude of infertile couples has not been investigated. Study design, size, duration: We conducted a prospective longitudinal study on forty-six infertile couples (n=92) who referred to our infertility clinic from 4 March 2020 through 20 June 2020. Participants/materials, settings, methods: This study is based on potential infertile couples for treatment with assisted reproductive technology (ART) who referred to our infertility clinic, Sari, Iran (median age of 35.5 years). All individuals with primary infertility, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) and candidates for ART, were included in the study. People who did not agree to participate in the study were excluded. Subjects were surveyed using a researcher-made questionnaire. This questionnaire has four sections as follows: The first part included demographic information and clinical characteristics, the second part included medical records, the third part included questions related to assessing the level of awareness regarding coronavirus infection, and the fourth part included questions related to the attitude towards continuing infertility treatment. The validity of this questionnaire was assessed by three infertility specialists and was confirmed with Cronbachs alpha of 0.78. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Main results and the role of chance: There is no significant relationship between COVID-19 symptoms and the level of awareness (P-value <0.05). Thirty-two patients (33.33%) had decreased motivation to continue treatment during COVID-19 pandemic. Fear of transmission to the fetus (28.13%) had the highest frequency among the causes of decreased motivation to continue treatment (P-value = 0.011). Confidence in support of the treatment team (56.67%) was the most common reason for lack of motivation in people without decreased motivation (P-value <0.001). The majority of patients had a very high or high tendency (65.22%) to continue or start treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic (P-value <0.001). Most people had an average fear of getting the disease (39.13%) (value <0.001). Examining the relationship between the presence of COVID-19 symptoms and attitude level variables showed that there is only a significant relationship between the greater desire to have a child and the continuation or initiation of treatment with the presence of COVID-19 symptoms (P-value = 0.032). Limitations, reasons for caution: We were not able to fully assess patients' deep feelings and cultural beliefs, due to the use of questionnaires and the lack of interviews. Wider implications of the findings: Our results showed for the first time that patients' knowledge about COVID-19 and trust in the treatment staff played an effective role in selecting and continuing infertility treatment. To clarify this issue, studies with the larger statistical community in the form of interviews are needed. Study funding/completing interest(s): The study received financial support from the Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (Grant number: 7903). None of the funders had any role in the study design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, writing of the paper, or publication decisions. The authors have nothing to declare. Trial registration number: N/A url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.01.20186320 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.01.20186320 id: cord-315730-fzgxuak7 author: Penman, Sophie L. title: Safety perspectives on presently considered drugs for the treatment of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-17 words: 12067.0 sentences: 627.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315730-fzgxuak7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315730-fzgxuak7.txt summary: Owing to their efficacy against viruses (mostly demonstrated in vitro) including influenza, HIV, coronavirus OC43, and SARS-CoV, a large number of clinical trials (>230) have been registered worldwide using chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine alone, or in combination with other drugs (e.g. azithromycin) for the treatment of COVID-19. At the time of writing, the RECOVERY trial (clinical trial identifier NCT04381936) which is the largest randomised control trial so far conducted for the treatment of COVID, has stopped recruiting to the hydroxychloroquine arm (1542 patients compared with 3132 on standard care) because of no beneficial effect either in terms of mortality or hospital stay (P. Assessment of QT Intervals in a Case Series of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Treated With Hydroxychloroquine Alone or in Combination With Azithromycin in an Intensive Care Unit Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial abstract: Intense effort is underway to evaluate potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of COVID‐19. In order to respond quickly to the crisis, the repurposing of existing drugs is the primary pharmacological strategy. Despite the urgent clinical need for these therapies, it is imperative to consider potential safety issues. This is important due to the harm‐benefit ratios that may be encountered when treating COVID‐19, which can depend on the stage of the disease, when therapy is administered and underlying clinical factors in individual patients. Treatments are currently being trialled for a range of scenarios from prophylaxis (where benefit must greatly exceed risk) to severe life‐threatening disease (where a degree of potential risk may be tolerated if it is exceeded by the potential benefit). In this perspective, we have reviewed some of the most widely‐researched repurposed agents in order to identify potential safety considerations using existing information in the context of COVID‐19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32681537/ doi: 10.1111/bph.15204 id: cord-193947-vcm3v0ix author: Pollmann, Michael title: Causal Inference for Spatial Treatments date: 2020-10-31 words: 27979.0 sentences: 1791.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-193947-vcm3v0ix.txt txt: ./txt/cord-193947-vcm3v0ix.txt summary: Even when the differences in levels between inner and outer ring are differenced out with individual fixed effects in panel data, the parallel trends assumption is particularly strong in spatial treatment settings. With individuals and treatment locations distributed across space, a large number of covariates, such as population density or average income at different distances, are predictive of both outcomes and treatment assignment probabilities. In the ideal spatial experiment considered in this section, treatment is randomized similar to a completely randomized experiment across regions with outcomes aggregated within regions (and distance bins).Ë�( ) ( ) is the variance of aggregated treated potential outcomes,Ë�( 0) ( ) is the variance of aggregated control potential outcomes, and ( ) ( ) resembles a variance of treatment effects, such thatË�( ) ( ) +Ë�( 0) ( ) â�� ( ) ( ) resembles the variance of the difference in means under repeated sampling of fixed individuals but varying treatment assignment, the framework of this paper. abstract: I propose a framework, estimators, and inference procedures for the analysis of causal effects in a setting with spatial treatments. Many events and policies (treatments), such as opening of businesses, building of hospitals, and sources of pollution, occur at specific spatial locations, with researchers interested in their effects on nearby individuals or businesses (outcome units). However, the existing treatment effects literature primarily considers treatments that could be assigned directly at the level of the outcome units, potentially with spillover effects. I approach the spatial treatment setting from a similar experimental perspective: What ideal experiment would we design to estimate the causal effects of spatial treatments? This perspective motivates a comparison between individuals near realized treatment locations and individuals near unrealized candidate locations, which is distinct from current empirical practice. Furthermore, I show how to find such candidate locations and apply the proposed methods with observational data. I apply the proposed methods to study the causal effects of grocery stores on foot traffic to nearby businesses during COVID-19 lockdowns. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.00373v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-022582-2e9i3m4b author: Potsic, William P. title: Otolaryngologic Disorders date: 2012-03-21 words: 16047.0 sentences: 956.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022582-2e9i3m4b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022582-2e9i3m4b.txt summary: When fluid persists in the middle ear for 3 to 4 months, causing a hearing loss or is associated with ASOM, myringotomy and tympanostomy tube placement is helpful to resolve the hearing loss and reduce the frequency and severity of infection. In addition to antibiotics, treatment should include a wide field myringotomy from the anterior inferior quadrant to the posterior inferior quadrant, a tympanostomy tube placement for middle ear drainage, and a postauricular mastoidectomy to drain the subperiosteal abscess and the mastoid. These infections may be caused by a variety of viral and bacterial pathogens; and in addition to sore throat, symptoms include fever, mucopurulent nasal drainage, nasal obstruction, and facial pain. Symptoms typically appear at birth or soon thereafter and include inspiratory stridor, feeding difficulties, and, rarely, apnea or signs of severe airway obstruction. Children afflicted with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis present initially with hoarseness but may also have symptoms and signs of airway obstruction, including stridor. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7158348/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-02842-4.50055-3 id: cord-003372-cpl7zf7f author: Provoost, Judith title: A retrospective study of factors associated with treatment decision for nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in adults without altered systemic immunity date: 2018-12-14 words: 3386.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-003372-cpl7zf7f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-003372-cpl7zf7f.txt summary: METHODS: This retrospective, single center study (2013–2016, 45 months) addressed the criteria supporting treatment decision among adults with NTM lung disease without systemic immunodeficiency at our institution, with the assigned goal to harmonize the practice. Patients'' characteristics at diagnosis were collected in order to perform analysis on 146 selected variables: demographics; history of predisposing factors; underlying pulmonary diseases; comorbidities; pulmonary function testing; respiratory bacterial or mycological co-infection(s), which definition was similar to NTM criteria, namely positive culture isolation of the same species from at least two separate expectorated sputum samples or a positive culture result from at least one bronchial wash or lavage; immunologic status; nutritional status; clinical features; microbiologic assessment through identification of NTM species on positive NTM cultures and sample culture conversions; radiologic features on high-resolution CT-scans (fibrocavitary disease or nodular/bronchiectasis disease); prior treatment for NTM lung disease, treatment combination and duration; outcome. abstract: BACKGROUND: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lung diseases are increasingly recognized as chronic opportunistic infections, occurring in individuals with a wide variety of underlying conditions. In the absence of systemic immunodeficiency, decision of NTM lung disease treatment must relies on a careful risk/benefit assessment, given the requirement of long-term administration of multidrug therapies supported by limited evidence. The primary objective was to identify the factors associated with anti-NTM treatment initiation. Clinical and radiological outcome upon treatment were studied. METHODS: This retrospective, single center study (2013–2016, 45 months) addressed the criteria supporting treatment decision among adults with NTM lung disease without systemic immunodeficiency at our institution, with the assigned goal to harmonize the practice. All patients matched the current international definitions of NTM lung disease according to the American Thoracic Society criteria. Factors associated with anti-NTM treatment were investigated by conditional logistic regression. Clinical and radiological outcomes of treated and untreated NTM-disease cases were examined. Mortality rate was assessed. An expert radiologist conducted a blinded computed tomography (CT)-scan review of the treated and untreated patients. RESULTS: Among 51 cases of NTM lung diseases, 25 (49%) received anti-NTM treatment. In univariate analysis, a body mass index (BMI) < 18 kg/m(2) (odds ratio (OR), 4.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–15.2]; p = 0.042), hemoptysis (OR, 11.8 [95% CI 1.35–12.9]; p = 0.026), excavation(s) (OR, 4.8 [95% CI 1.4–16.4], p = 0.012), prior anti-NTM treatment (OR, 5.65 [95% CI 1.06–29.9]; p = 0.042), Aspergillus spp. co-infection (OR, 6.3 [95% CI 1.8–22.2]; p = 0.004) were associated with treatment initiation. In multivariate analysis, Aspergillus spp. co-infection was the only independent determinant of treatment initiation (OR, 5.3 [95% CI 1.1–25.4]; p = 0.036). Twenty-one (81%) patients received ≥3 anti-NTM drugs. Median treatment duration and follow-up were 36.3 (interquartile range [IQR], 13.1–64.4) weeks and 17.1 (IQR, 8.7–27.1) months, respectively. Regarding radiological outcome, 85 CT-scans were reviewed, showing similar rates of regression or stabilization in treated and untreated patients. Overall mortality rate was not different in treated and untreated patients. CONCLUSION: The most relevant variable associated with anti-NTM treatment initiation was Aspergillus spp. co-infection. Radiological regression or stabilization of pulmonary lesions was not different between the treated and untreated patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6295085/ doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-3559-x id: cord-336614-u6alc6rs author: Pérez-Belmonte, Luis M. title: Differences between Clinical Protocols for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Andalusia, Spain date: 2020-09-19 words: 4737.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336614-u6alc6rs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336614-u6alc6rs.txt summary: Antiviral treatment, empirical antibacterial agents, adjunctive therapies, anticoagulant treatment, supportive care (oxygen, intravenous fluids, monitoring, high-flow nasal oxygen/noninvasive ventilation, and mechanical ventilation, among others), dosage, method of administration and duration of treatment, drug side effects and interactions, nonrecommended treatment or recommendation for other drugs, hospital circuits, ward organization and care planning, and discharge recommendations were collected from all clinical protocols for COVID-19. This study showed that the COVID-19 protocols of the largest hospitals in Andalusia (Spain) varied widely in several aspects, including antiviral treatment: they used different dosages, durations, and combinations of treatment for the same clinical condition. Several randomized clinical trials on tocilizumab, either alone or in combination, in patients with COVID-19 with severe pneumonia are underway, and its use was included in the Chinese national treatment guidelines [30, 31] . abstract: Our objective was to compare clinical protocols for the treatment of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among different hospitals in Andalusia, Spain. We reviewed the current COVID-19 protocols of the 15 largest hospitals in Andalusia. Antiviral treatment, empirical antibacterial agents, adjunctive therapies, anticoagulant treatment, supportive care, hospital organization, and discharge recommendations were analyzed. All protocols included were the latest updates as of July 2020. Hydroxychloroquine in monotherapy was the most frequent antiviral drug recommended for mild respiratory illness with clinical risk factors (33.3%). Combined hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin or lopinavir/ritonavir was found in 40% of protocols. The recommended treatment for patients with mild and moderate pneumonias was different antiviral combinations including hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin (93.3%) or hydroxychloroquine plus lopinavir/ritonavir (79.9%). Different combinations of hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir (46.7%) and triple therapy with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and lopinavir/ritonavir (40%) were the most recommended treatments for patients with severe pneumonia. There were five corticosteroid regimens, which used dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, or prednisone, with different doses and treatment durations. Anakinra was included in seven protocols with six different regimens. All protocols included prophylactic heparin and therapeutic doses for thromboembolism. Higher prophylactic doses of heparin for high-risk patients and therapeutic doses for patients in critical condition were included in 53.3% and 33.3% of protocols, respectively. This study showed that COVID-19 protocols varied widely in several aspects (antiviral treatment, corticosteroids, anakinra, and anticoagulation for high risk of thrombosis or critical situation). Rigorous randomized clinical trials on the proposed treatments are needed to provide consistent evidence. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32961675/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186845 id: cord-274121-3w6kc0c9 author: Ramiro, Sofia title: Historically controlled comparison of glucocorticoids with or without tocilizumab versus supportive care only in patients with COVID-19-associated cytokine storm syndrome: results of the CHIC study date: 2020-07-20 words: 5757.0 sentences: 267.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274121-3w6kc0c9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274121-3w6kc0c9.txt summary: Objectives To prospectively investigate in patients with severe coVid-19-associated cytokine storm syndrome (css) whether an intensive course of glucocorticoids with or without tocilizumab accelerates clinical improvement, reduces mortality and prevents invasive mechanical ventilation, in comparison with a historic control group of patients who received supportive care only. Objectives To prospectively investigate in patients with severe coVid-19-associated cytokine storm syndrome (css) whether an intensive course of glucocorticoids with or without tocilizumab accelerates clinical improvement, reduces mortality and prevents invasive mechanical ventilation, in comparison with a historic control group of patients who received supportive care only. ► A strategy involving a course of high-dose glucocorticoids, followed by tocilizumab if needed, has shown to accelerate respiratory recovery, lower hospital mortality and reduce the likelihood of invasive mechanical ventilation compared with supportive care only in COVID-19-associated CSS. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To prospectively investigate in patients with severe COVID-19-associated cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) whether an intensive course of glucocorticoids with or without tocilizumab accelerates clinical improvement, reduces mortality and prevents invasive mechanical ventilation, in comparison with a historic control group of patients who received supportive care only. METHODS: From 1 April 2020, patients with COVID-19-associated CSS, defined as rapid respiratory deterioration plus at least two out of three biomarkers with important elevations (C-reactive protein >100 mg/L; ferritin >900 µg/L; D-dimer >1500 µg/L), received high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone for 5 consecutive days (250 mg on day 1 followed by 80 mg on days 2–5). If the respiratory condition had not improved sufficiently (in 43%), the interleukin-6 receptor blocker tocilizumab (8 mg/kg body weight, single infusion) was added on or after day 2. Control patients with COVID-19-associated CSS (same definition) were retrospectively sampled from the pool of patients (n=350) admitted between 7 March and 31 March, and matched one to one to treated patients on sex and age. The primary outcome was ≥2 stages of improvement on a 7-item WHO-endorsed scale for trials in patients with severe influenza pneumonia, or discharge from the hospital. Secondary outcomes were hospital mortality and mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: At baseline all patients with COVID-19 in the treatment group (n=86) and control group (n=86) had symptoms of CSS and faced acute respiratory failure. Treated patients had 79% higher likelihood on reaching the primary outcome (HR: 1.8; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.7) (7 days earlier), 65% less mortality (HR: 0.35; 95% CI 0.19 to 0.65) and 71% less invasive mechanical ventilation (HR: 0.29; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.65). Treatment effects remained constant in confounding and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: A strategy involving a course of high-dose methylprednisolone, followed by tocilizumab if needed, may accelerate respiratory recovery, lower hospital mortality and reduce the likelihood of invasive mechanical ventilation in COVID-19-associated CSS. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218479 doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218479 id: cord-011773-vboa8xn9 author: Richards, J. A. title: Coronamolars? date: 2020-06-26 words: 652.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011773-vboa8xn9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011773-vboa8xn9.txt summary: Sir, the last 18 months of DCT in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery have highlighted challenges and complications presented by facial aesthetic treatments. The British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons warn that ''people who struggle with their psychological health can feel pressured to turn to "quick fix" procedures to improve their appearance'' and recommend pre-treatment psychological assessments. I am unaware of any dental schools teaching facial aesthetic treatments including dermal fillers as part of the undergraduate course. It is therefore somewhat unsettling that dentists can attend a one-day course before providing treatments such as ''nonsurgical rhinoplasty'' when they have likely had no training on this in their professional degree. It seems obvious that change is required in the regulations surrounding facial aesthetic procedures, particularly training of practitioners and steps to protect psychological health. It may be sensible to include such training within the BDS degree given the large proportion of dentists going on to provide these services. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7319202/ doi: 10.1038/s41415-020-1803-4 id: cord-291697-wpnq9wc0 author: Riechelmann, Rachel P title: Evidence-based recommendations for gastrointestinal cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic by the Brazilian Gastrointestinal Tumours Group date: 2020-05-22 words: 5855.0 sentences: 390.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291697-wpnq9wc0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291697-wpnq9wc0.txt summary: RESULTS: Overall and tumour-specific recommendations were made by stage (including surgical, locoregional, radiotherapy, systemic treatments and follow-up strategies) for the most common gastrointestinal malignancies: esophagus, gastric, pancreas, bile duct, hepatocellular, colorectal, anal cancer and neuroendocrine tumours. All the recommendations proposed in this manuscript, besides being evidencebased, aimed at the following objectives: (1) to prioritise curative-intent cancer treatments during the pandemic; (2) to support the treatment of aggressive tumours when effective therapies are available; (3) to decrease the number of or delay oncological non-priority surgeries; (4) to decrease hospital visits (e.g., substitute intravenous for similarly effective oral drugs; propose when and to whom treatments delays/ interruption/watchful waiting can be offered); (5) to minimise anticancer therapy-related immunosuppression in specific high-risk groups (here defined as: elderly, comorbid illnesses [especially diabetes, cardiovascular and/or pulmonary concurrent diseases], fragility, ECOG 2 or higher). abstract: PURPOSE: As of 2020, the world is facing the great challenge of the COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. While the overall mortality is low, the virus is highly virulent and may infect millions of people worldwide. This will consequently burden health systems, particularly by those individuals considered to be at high risk of severe complications from COVID-19. Such risk factors include advanced age, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, diabetes and cancer. However, few data on the outcomes of cancer patients infected by SARS CoV-2 exist. Therefore, there is a lack of guidance on how to manage cancer patients during the pandemic. We sought to propose specific recommendations about the management of patients with gastrointestinal malignancies. METHODS: The Brazilian Gastrointestinal Tumours Group board of directors and members sought up-to-date scientific literature on each tumour type and discussed all recommendations by virtual meetings to provide evidence-based—and sometimes, expert opinion—recommendation statements. Our objectives were to recommend evidence-based approaches to both treat and minimise the risk of COVID-19 for cancer patients, and simultaneously propose how to decrease the use of hospital resources at a time these resources need to be available to treat COVID-19 patients. RESULTS: Overall and tumour-specific recommendations were made by stage (including surgical, locoregional, radiotherapy, systemic treatments and follow-up strategies) for the most common gastrointestinal malignancies: esophagus, gastric, pancreas, bile duct, hepatocellular, colorectal, anal cancer and neuroendocrine tumours. CONCLUSIONS: Our recommendations emphasise the importance of treating cancer patients, using the best evidence available, while simultaneously taking into consideration the world-wide health resource hyperutilisation to treat non-cancer COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2020.1048 doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1048 id: cord-018620-3kqx8arn author: Rueda, Mario title: Hepatic Failure date: 2016-10-09 words: 13808.0 sentences: 842.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018620-3kqx8arn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018620-3kqx8arn.txt summary: In this chapter we will discuss the definition, clinical manifestations, workup, and management of acute and chronic liver failure and the general principles of treatment of these patients. Other mechanisms that may explain this symptom include the endogenous opioids theory which proposes that the liver failure patient has elevated opioid levels secondary to decrease clearance and metabolism. Past medical history plays a key role in determining if the patient has chronic liver disease or if they are experiencing an acute failure. A decrease in glutathione levels, enhanced cytochrome P450 activity secondary to medication use, acetaminophen overdose, or decreased liver function from chronic disease make patients more susceptible to developing toxicity. Patients with hepatitis secondary to shock present with several symptoms related to their hemodynamic instability including altered mental status, respiratory distress, severe hypotension, and renal failure. abstract: The progression of liver disease can cause several physiologic derangements that may precipitate hepatic failure and require admission to an intensive care unit. The underlying pathology may be acute, acute-on chronic, or chronic in nature. Liver failure may manifest with a variety of clinical signs and symptoms that need prompt attention. The compromised synthetic and metabolic activity of the failing liver affects all organ systems, from neurologic to integumentary. Supportive care and specific therapies should be instituted in order to improve outcome and minimize time of recovery. In this chapter we will discuss the definition, clinical manifestations, workup, and management of acute and chronic liver failure and the general principles of treatment of these patients. Management of liver failure secondary to certain common etiologies will also be presented. Finally, liver transplantation and alternative therapies will also be discussed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123541/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-33341-0_18 id: cord-018239-n7axd9bq author: Rusoke-Dierich, Olaf title: Travel Medicine date: 2018-03-13 words: 8527.0 sentences: 660.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018239-n7axd9bq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018239-n7axd9bq.txt summary: The following topics should be included in the travel advice consultation: 5 Vaccinations (general and country specific) 5 Country-specific diseases 5 Malaria prophylaxis 5 Mosquito prophylaxis (wearing bright long-sleeved clothes, avoiding perfume, staying in air-conditioned rooms, using a mosquito net, using insect repellents, staying inside at dawn and dusk) 5 Food consumption and drinking overseas (no consumption of ice cubes, uncooked meals, salads and food, which is exposed to flies, limited alcohol consumption) 5 UV protection (using sun cream, avoiding sun exposure between 11.00 and 15.00 o'' clock, remaining in shaded areas, wearing a hat and covering skin) 5 Fitness assessment for travelling, flying and diving 5 Challenges of different climates and their effects on the personal health (dehydration, hyperthermia) 5 Medications 5 Thrombosis counselling 5 Counselling on symptoms on return, which require review (fever, skin changes, abnormal bleeding, lymphadenopathy, diarrhoea) 5 Sexual transmitted diseases 5 Contraception 5 Rabies abstract: Before travelling to other countries, thorough travel advice should be provided. Not only information about diseases of specific countries but also general advice for travelling should be given on this consultation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123067/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-73836-9_32 id: cord-313684-61hkogdh author: Samaddar, Arghadip title: Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Candidates for COVID-19: A Poorly Understood Arena date: 2020-09-17 words: 11700.0 sentences: 585.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313684-61hkogdh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313684-61hkogdh.txt summary: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an acute onset pneumonia caused by a novel Betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in the Wuhan City of China in December 2019 and evolved into a global pandemic. These include antivirals (remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, umifenovir, and favipiravir), interferon, antimalarials (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine), antiparasitic drugs (ivermectin and nitazoxanide), biologics (monoclonal antibodies and interleukin receptor antagonist), cellular therapies (mesenchymal stem cells and natural killer cells), convalescent plasma, and cytokine adsorber. Though several observational studies have claimed many of these agents to be effective based on their in vitro activities and extrapolated evidence from SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) epidemics, the currently available data remains inconclusive because of ill-defined patient selection criteria, small sample size, lack of concurrent controls, and use of intermediary outcomes instead of patient-relevant outcomes. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an acute onset pneumonia caused by a novel Betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in the Wuhan City of China in December 2019 and evolved into a global pandemic. To date, there are no proven drugs or vaccines against this virus. Hence, the situation demands an urgent need to explore all potential therapeutic strategies that can be made available to prevent the disease progression and improve patient outcomes. In absence of clinically proven treatment guidelines, several repurposed drugs and investigational agents are currently being evaluated in clinical trials for their probable benefits in the treatment of COVID-19. These include antivirals (remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, umifenovir, and favipiravir), interferon, antimalarials (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine), antiparasitic drugs (ivermectin and nitazoxanide), biologics (monoclonal antibodies and interleukin receptor antagonist), cellular therapies (mesenchymal stem cells and natural killer cells), convalescent plasma, and cytokine adsorber. Though several observational studies have claimed many of these agents to be effective based on their in vitro activities and extrapolated evidence from SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) epidemics, the currently available data remains inconclusive because of ill-defined patient selection criteria, small sample size, lack of concurrent controls, and use of intermediary outcomes instead of patient-relevant outcomes. Moreover, there is a need to clearly define the patient populations who warrant therapy and also the timing of initiation of treatment. Understanding the disease pathology responsible for the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is imperative to identify the potential targets for drug development. This review explains the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and summarizes the potential treatment candidates, which can provide guidance in developing effective therapeutic strategies. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.585888 doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.585888 id: cord-349366-4gny9xkx author: Scanderbeg, Daniel J. title: Development, implementation, and associated challenges of a new HDR brachytherapy program date: 2020-09-17 words: 5127.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349366-4gny9xkx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349366-4gny9xkx.txt summary: We present a simple and generic outline that lays out the process for developing and implementing a new HDR brachytherapy program in any setting, but with particular emphasis on challenges associated with starting the program in a limited resource setting. The T&R has a fixed geometry, so with proper training, template plans can also be used when treatment planning is limited in LMICs. In Dakar, Senegal, where HDR was installed without a functioning treatment planning system, the cervical cancer brachytherapy program was developed around the T&R applicator with a library of plans and doses prescribed to Point A. Therefore, machine and equipment selection for brachytherapy should be a collaborative team effort to ensure that all needed items and their functionality have been evaluated carefully in terms of cost, physical space requirements, clinical applicability, compatibility with any existing technology (hardware and/or software), any history of reported medical events associated with hardware/software components, and any limitations including dependability, cleaning and reusability or end-of-life standards. abstract: Developing any new radiation oncology program requires planning and analysis of the current state of the facility and its capacity to take on another program. Staff must consider a large number of factors to establish a feasible, safe, and sustainable program. We present a simple and generic outline that lays out the process for developing and implementing a new HDR brachytherapy program in any setting, but with particular emphasis on challenges associated with starting the program in a limited resource setting. The sections include feasibility of a program, starting cases, machine and equipment selection, and quality and safety. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brachy.2020.08.018 doi: 10.1016/j.brachy.2020.08.018 id: cord-271436-h1xuhm1c author: Schleider, Jessica L. title: Retiring, Rethinking, and Reconstructing the Norm of Once-Weekly Psychotherapy date: 2020-09-28 words: 2481.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271436-h1xuhm1c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271436-h1xuhm1c.txt summary: However, repositioning evidencebased weekly therapy as one of many treatment options, and improving the availability of additional, diverse evidencebased service types, may strengthen the accessibility, flexibility, and potentially the effectiveness of mental health treatment overall. Other trials indicate that an 8-day, 20-h treatment involving cognitive-behavioral techniquesincluding interoceptive exposures and psycho-educationcan reduce symptoms of specific phobia, social phobia, 1 In the present article, we focus our discussion on outpatient mental health services, given the numerous structural and practical differences between inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment options for individuals. Indeed, large-scale trials and systematic reviews of treatments for anxiety disorders, depression, and behavior problems indicate that non-weekly interventions-from self-guided supports to brief, one-session treatments to concentrated, week-long interventions-can yield benefits approximately equivalent to once-weekly evidence-based psychotherapy, both for youths and adults (Beevers et al. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32989621/ doi: 10.1007/s10488-020-01090-7 id: cord-268168-yzvag38x author: Scolnick, Barbara title: Remission from Chronic Anorexia Nervosa With Ketogenic Diet and Ketamine: Case Report date: 2020-07-30 words: 4653.0 sentences: 243.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268168-yzvag38x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268168-yzvag38x.txt summary: We report the case of a 29 year-old woman who struggled with severe and enduring anorexia nervosa for 15 years, and experienced a complete recovery following a novel treatment of adopting a ketogenic diet followed by ketamine infusions. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of a ketogenic diet used specifically for the treatment of anorexia nervosa, followed by a short series of titrated IV ketamine infusions leading to complete remission of severe and enduring anorexia nervosa, with weight restoration, and sustained cessation of cognitive and behavioral symptoms, for 6 months. Complete and sustained remission of chronic anorexia nervosa is quite rare, and the novel use of a ketogenic diet and IV ketamine treatment in this potentially lethal condition suggests avenues for further research, and hope for patients and their families. We report a case of severe and chronic AN treated successfully by adopting a ketogenic (KG) diet for 3 months followed by a series of intravenous ketamine infusions. abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic anorexia nervosa is a tragic disease with no known effective pharmacological or behavioral treatment. We report the case of a 29 year-old woman who struggled with severe and enduring anorexia nervosa for 15 years, and experienced a complete recovery following a novel treatment of adopting a ketogenic diet followed by ketamine infusions. Her remission has persisted for over 6 months. CASE PRESENTATION: At age 14.5, the patient embarked on an effort to “eat healthy.” She quickly lost control of the dieting, developed associated compulsions and obsessions about food, body dissatisfaction, emotional lability, and lost nearly 13.6 kilograms (30 pounds). She was hospitalized for 6 weeks, and while she regained some weight, she did not attain full weight restoration. For 15 years, she continued to eat in a restrictive manner, exercise compulsively, and have intermittent periods of alcohol dependence. Nevertheless, she always hoped to get well, and at age 29, she began a novel treatment for anorexia nervosa. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of a ketogenic diet used specifically for the treatment of anorexia nervosa, followed by a short series of titrated IV ketamine infusions leading to complete remission of severe and enduring anorexia nervosa, with weight restoration, and sustained cessation of cognitive and behavioral symptoms, for 6 months. Although these treatments were used sequentially the relationship between these modalities, and possible synergy, is unclear, and deserves further study. Complete and sustained remission of chronic anorexia nervosa is quite rare, and the novel use of a ketogenic diet and IV ketamine treatment in this potentially lethal condition suggests avenues for further research, and hope for patients and their families. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00763 doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00763 id: cord-022404-cz3ruqxx author: Scott, Danny W. title: Dermatoses of Pet Rodents, Rabbits, and Ferrets date: 2009-05-15 words: 15517.0 sentences: 1067.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022404-cz3ruqxx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022404-cz3ruqxx.txt summary: Finally, these small creatures, especially mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits, are frequently used for studying models of human diseases (e.g., hereditary hypotrichoses and ichthyoses in mice and rats), for examining the pathogenesis of various dermatoses also seen in humans (e.g., contact hypersensitivity and candidiasis in guinea pigs), for evaluating therapeutic agents used in various human dermatoses (e.g., treatment of Malassezia dermatitis in guinea pigs and the use of retinoids in rhino mice), for studying percutaneous absorption and various aspects of dermatopharmacology (e.g., the mouse tail assay for studying epidermal drug effects), and for screening the potential irritancy or sensitization of topical agents (e.g., the guinea pig Draize test for contact allergens and the rabbit skin test for topical irritants)." abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7155656/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-7216-7618-0.50025-0 id: cord-306266-8qdrshz3 author: Scully, Crispian title: Respiratory medicine date: 2014-06-25 words: 13246.0 sentences: 698.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306266-8qdrshz3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306266-8qdrshz3.txt summary: Other factors that have been studied include: ■ air pollution -There is an association between air pollution and aggravation of existing asthma ■ allergen avoidance -There is no consistent evidence of benefit ■ breast-feeding -There is evidence of a protective effect in relation to early asthma ■ electrolytes -There is no consistent evidence of benefit ■ fish oils and fatty acid -There is no consistent evidence of benefit ■ house dust mites -Measures to reduce the numbers of house dust mites do not affect asthma severity ■ immunotherapy -Allergenspecific immunotherapy is beneficial in allergic asthma ■ microbial exposure -There is insufficient evidence to indicate that the use of probiotics in pregnancy reduces the incidence of childhood asthma ■ modified milk formulae -There is no consistent evidence of benefit pets -There are no controlled trials on the benefits of removing pets from the home ■ tobacco -Exposure to cigarette smoke adversely affects quality of life, lung function, need for rescue medications and longterm control with inhaled steroids. abstract: ●. Upper respiratory infections are commonplace, especially in young people, and are often contagious; ●. Lower respiratory infections are often contagious and some are potentially fatal; ●. Asthma is common and may be life-threatening; ●. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is common and disabling; ●. Tuberculosis worldwide is an important infection, affecting people with HIV/AIDS or malnutrition particularly; ●. Lung cancer is common and usually has a poor prognosis. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780702054013000151 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-5401-3.00015-1 id: cord-022448-ungitgh9 author: Sergueef, Nicette title: Clinical Conditions date: 2009-05-15 words: 77343.0 sentences: 4418.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022448-ungitgh9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022448-ungitgh9.txt summary: Brachial plexus injury, fracture of the clavicle, pectus excavatum and carinatum, scoliosis, kyphosis and vertebral somatic dysfunctions are other commonly encountered conditions with structural and functional consequences that can be addressed with osteopathic manipulative treatment. Palpate the infant to identify membranous, myofascial and interosseous somatic dysfunction, particularly in the upper thoracic spine, pectoral girdle, cervico-occipital area and cranium (temporal bone, occiput, occipitomastoid suture and jugular foramen). Secondly, but concomitant with the above, the progressive fl exion of the cranial base, associated with the anteroposterior growth of the skull, contributes to positional changes of both the pterygoid processes, which become longer and more vertical, and the petrous portions of the temporal bones, which become externally rotated. Because of the relationships between the sympathetic nervous system and the upper thoracic spinal segments, the second and third cervical vertebrae, and between the parasympathetic nervous system and the sphenoid, maxilla or palatine bones, somatic dysfunction of any of these vertebral and cranial areas can result in dysfunction of the ANS with impact on nasal function. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7155703/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-443-10352-0.50013-4 id: cord-353671-xjpzhsup author: Sgouros, George title: Radiopharmaceutical therapy in cancer: clinical advances and challenges date: 2020-07-29 words: 14934.0 sentences: 790.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353671-xjpzhsup.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353671-xjpzhsup.txt summary: In a previous prospective single-centre phase II trial in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in whom standard therapies had failed, patients who showed high expression of the PSMA target by ( 68 Ga-labelled PSMA-11) PET yielded favourable responses; patients with high [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in low-PSMA-uptake lesions were excluded. By incorporating molecular imaging to assess the impact of other therapeutics on RPT delivery and calculation of the target and normal tissue absorbed doses, the trial-and-error effort needed to optimize combination therapy for RPT agents can be substantially reduced. Aside from establishing trained practitioners, the future growth of RPT will be fuelled by continued discovery of more-specific tumour-associated targets, improvements in radiochemistry, increased and low-cost availability of radionuclides (particularly α-particle emitters) and expanded preclinical and clinical investigation of combination therapy with agents and treatment modalities that are complementary to RPT. abstract: Radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) is emerging as a safe and effective targeted approach to treating many types of cancer. In RPT, radiation is systemically or locally delivered using pharmaceuticals that either bind preferentially to cancer cells or accumulate by physiological mechanisms. Almost all radionuclides used in RPT emit photons that can be imaged, enabling non-invasive visualization of the biodistribution of the therapeutic agent. Compared with almost all other systemic cancer treatment options, RPT has shown efficacy with minimal toxicity. With the recent FDA approval of several RPT agents, the remarkable potential of this treatment is now being recognized. This Review covers the fundamental properties, clinical development and associated challenges of RPT. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32728208/ doi: 10.1038/s41573-020-0073-9 id: cord-303661-etb19d6y author: Shin, Hyoung-Shik title: Empirical Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-22 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory coronavirus syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the population and throughout the cells within our body has been developing. Another major cycle of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is expected in the coming fall, could be even more severe than the current one. Therefore, effective countermeasures should be developed based on the already obtained clinical and research information about SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this review was to summarize the data on the empirical treatment of COVID-19 acquired during this SARS-CoV-2 infection cycle; this would aid the establishment of an appropriate healthcare policy to meet the challenges in the future. The infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 is characterized by common cold along with hypersensitivity reaction. Thus, in addition to treating common cold, it is essential to minimize the exposure of cells to the virus and to mitigate the uncontrolled immune response. A proper combination of antiviral agents, immune modulators such as prednisolone, and anticoagulants such as heparin and anti-C5a antagonists could be employed to minimize lung damage and prevent systemic involvements. Finally, strategies to achieve population immunity against SARS-CoV-2 should be developed through understanding of the interaction between the immune system and the virus. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32476308/ doi: 10.3947/ic.2020.52.2.142 id: cord-016855-hqs94hfa author: Simpson, William M. title: Pesticides date: 2006 words: 4759.0 sentences: 300.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-016855-hqs94hfa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-016855-hqs94hfa.txt summary: Most toxicity from contact with skin or eyes or ingestion involves mucous membrane irritation. Otherwise, aggressive supportive care including protection of the airway, correction of hypotension, and treatment of arrhythmias, hyperthermia, and seizures may be required (3) . Urea-substituted herbicides have low systemic toxicity based on animal feeding studies; they may, however, produce methemoglobinemia with heavy ingestion. Treatment of paraquat ingestion is aimed at several points along the toxicity pathway-removing toxin from the GI tract, increasing excretion from the blood, and preventing pulmonary damage with anti-inflammatory agents. No human or animal toxicity has been reported with morfamquat, but poisoning with the chemical should probably be treated initially as a paraquat poisoning (6). Treatment of exposure is with skin and GI decontamination, oxygen supplementation, fluid support, and avoidance of alcohol. Treatment is skin and GI decontamination, respiratory support, and chelation therapy (for severe, acute poisoning, though the possibility of inducing renal failure with a large load of cadmium exists). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121274/ doi: 10.1007/0-387-30105-4_16 id: cord-336554-n8n5ii5k author: Singh, Thakur Uttam title: Drug repurposing approach to fight COVID-19 date: 2020-09-05 words: 13032.0 sentences: 690.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336554-n8n5ii5k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336554-n8n5ii5k.txt summary: Number of drugs such as remdesivir, favipiravir, ribavirin, lopinavir, ritonavir, darunavir, arbidol, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab and interferons have shown inhibitory effects against the SARS-CoV2 in-vitro as well as in clinical conditions. Outbreaks of novel emerging infections such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) have unique challenges in front of the health professionals to select appropriate therapeutics/pharmacological treatments in the clinical setup with very little time available for the new drug discovery [3] . Currently, with the lack of effective agents against SARS-CoV2 as well as public-health emergency, WHO has identified some therapies which doctors and researchers believe are the most promising, such as a combination of two HIV drugs (lopinavir and ritonavir), anti-malarial drugs (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine), and an experimental antiviral compound remdesivir. Ribavirin at a dose rate of 500 mg 2-3 times/day in combination with other drugs such as lopinavir/ritonavir or interferon (IFN)-α through intravenous route for not more than 10 days made the SARS-CoV2 infected patients more resistant to respiratory distress syndrome as well as death [41] . abstract: Currently, there are no treatment options available for the deadly contagious disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Drug repurposing is a process of identifying new uses for approved or investigational drugs and it is considered as a very effective strategy for drug discovery as it involves less time and cost to find a therapeutic agent in comparison to the de novo drug discovery process. The present review will focus on the repurposing efficacy of the currently used drugs against COVID-19 and their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing, safety, and their future perspective. Relevant articles with experimental studies conducted in-silico, in-vitro, in-vivo, clinical trials in humans, case reports, and news archives were selected for the review. Number of drugs such as remdesivir, favipiravir, ribavirin, lopinavir, ritonavir, darunavir, arbidol, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab and interferons have shown inhibitory effects against the SARS-CoV2 in-vitro as well as in clinical conditions. These drugs either act through virus-related targets such as RNA genome, polypeptide packing and uptake pathways or target host-related pathways involving angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptors and inflammatory pathways. Using the basic knowledge of viral pathogenesis and pharmacodynamics of drugs as well as using computational tools, many drugs are currently in pipeline to be repurposed. In the current scenario, repositioning of the drugs could be considered the new avenue for the treatment of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-020-00155-6 doi: 10.1007/s43440-020-00155-6 id: cord-331487-jh34klbg author: Sivapalan, Pradeesh title: Proactive Prophylaxis With Azithromycin and HydroxyChloroquine in Hospitalised Patients With COVID-19 (ProPAC-COVID): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date: 2020-06-10 words: 6399.0 sentences: 428.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331487-jh34klbg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331487-jh34klbg.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this randomised GCP-controlled trial is to clarify whether combination therapy with the antibiotic azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine via anti-inflammation/immune modulation, antiviral efficacy and pre-emptive treatment of supra-infections can shorten hospitalisation duration for patients with COVID-19 (measured as "days alive and out of hospital" as the primary outcome), reduce the risk of noninvasive ventilation, treatment in the intensive care unit and death. Fertile women* must not be pregnant, i.e. negative pregnancy test must be available at inclusion • Informed consent signed by the patient *Defined as after menarche and until postmenopausal (no menstruation for 12 months) Exclusion criteria: • At the time of recruitment, the patient uses >5 LO2/min (equivalent to 40% FiO2 if measured) • Known intolerance/allergy to azithromycin or hydroxychloroquine or hypersensitivity to quinine or 4-aminoquinoline derivatives • Neurogenic hearing loss • Psoriasis • Retinopathy • Maculopathy • Visual field changes • Breastfeeding • Severe liver diseases other than amoebiasis (INR> 1.5 spontaneously) • Severe gastrointestinal, neurological and hematological disorders (investigator-assessed) • eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m2 • Clinically significant cardiac conduction disorders/arrhythmias or prolonged QTc interval (QTc (f) of> 480/470 ms). abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this randomised GCP-controlled trial is to clarify whether combination therapy with the antibiotic azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine via anti-inflammation/immune modulation, antiviral efficacy and pre-emptive treatment of supra-infections can shorten hospitalisation duration for patients with COVID-19 (measured as "days alive and out of hospital" as the primary outcome), reduce the risk of non- invasive ventilation, treatment in the intensive care unit and death. TRIAL DESIGN: This is a multi-centre, randomised, Placebo-controlled, 2-arm ratio 1:1, parallel group double-blind study. PARTICIPANTS: 226 participants are recruited at the trial sites/hospitals, where the study will take place in Denmark: Aalborg, Bispebjerg, Gentofte, Herlev, Hillerød, Hvidovre, Odense and Slagelse hospitals. Inclusion criteria: • Patient admitted to Danish emergency departments, respiratory medicine departments or internal medicine departments • Age≥ 18 years • Hospitalized ≤48 hours • Positive COVID-19 test / diagnosis during the hospitalization (confirmed). • Men or non-fertile women. Fertile women* must not be pregnant, i.e. negative pregnancy test must be available at inclusion • Informed consent signed by the patient *Defined as after menarche and until postmenopausal (no menstruation for 12 months) Exclusion criteria: • At the time of recruitment, the patient uses >5 LO2/min (equivalent to 40% FiO2 if measured) • Known intolerance/allergy to azithromycin or hydroxychloroquine or hypersensitivity to quinine or 4-aminoquinoline derivatives • Neurogenic hearing loss • Psoriasis • Retinopathy • Maculopathy • Visual field changes • Breastfeeding • Severe liver diseases other than amoebiasis (INR> 1.5 spontaneously) • Severe gastrointestinal, neurological and hematological disorders (investigator-assessed) • eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m2 • Clinically significant cardiac conduction disorders/arrhythmias or prolonged QTc interval (QTc (f) of> 480/470 ms). • Myasthenia gravis • Treatment with digoxin* • Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency • Porphyria • Hypoglycaemia (Blood glucose at any time since hospitalization of <3.0 mmol/L) • Severe mental illness which significantly impedes cooperation • Severe linguistic problems that significantly hinder cooperation • Treatment with ergot alkaloids *The patient must not be treated with digoxin for the duration of the intervention. For atrial fibrillation/flutter, select according to the Cardiovascular National Treatment Guide (NBV): Calcium antagonist, Beta blocker, direct current (DC) conversion or amiodarone. In case of urgent need for digoxin treatment (contraindication for the aforementioned equal alternatives), the test drug should be paused, and ECG should be taken daily. INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: Control group: The control group will receive the standard treatment + placebo for both types of intervention medication at all times. If part or all the intervention therapy being investigated becomes standard treatment during the study, this may also be offered to the control group. Intervention group: The patients in the intervention group will also receive standard care. Immediately after randomisation to the intervention group, the patient will begin treatment with: Azithromycin: Day 1-3: 500 mg x 1 Day 4-15: 250 mg x 1 If the patient is unable to take the medication orally by themselves, the medication will, if possible, be administered by either stomach-feeding tube, or alternatively, temporary be changed to clarithromycin 500 mg x 2 (this only in agreement with either study coordinator Pradeesh Sivapalan or principal investigator Jens-Ulrik Stæhr Jensen). This will also be done in the control group if necessary. The patient will switch back to azithromycin when possible. Hydroxychloroquine: Furthermore, the patient will be treated with hydroxychloroquine as follows: Day 1-15: 200 mg x 2 MAIN OUTCOMES: • Number of days alive and discharged from hospital within 14 days (summarises both whether the patient is alive and discharged from hospital) ("Days alive and out of hospital") RANDOMISATION: The sponsor (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Trial Network, COP:TRIN) generates a randomisation sequence. Randomisation will be in blocks of unknown size and the final allocation will be via an encrypted website (REDCap). There will be stratification for age (>70 years vs. <=70 years), site of recruitment and whether the patient has any of the following chronic lung diseases: COPD, asthma, bronchiectasis, interstitial lung disease (Yes vs. No). BLINDING (MASKING): Participants and study personnel will both be blinded, i.e. neither will know which group the participant is allocated to. NUMBERS TO BE RANDOMISED (SAMPLE SIZE): This study requires 226 patients randomised 1:1 with 113 in each group. TRIAL STATUS: Protocol version 1.8, from April 16, 2020. Recruitment is ongoing (first patient recruited April 6, 2020; final patient expected to be recruited October 31, 2020). TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04322396 (registered March 26, 2020) FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol. The study protocol has been reported in accordance with the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Clinical Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines (Additional file 2). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32522282/ doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04409-9 id: cord-021770-zn7na974 author: Slifka, Mark K. title: Passive Immunization date: 2017-07-17 words: 12134.0 sentences: 610.0 pages: flesch: 31.0 cache: ./cache/cord-021770-zn7na974.txt txt: ./txt/cord-021770-zn7na974.txt summary: [26] [27] [28] [29] Recent studies verify these earlier results, demonstrating a 90% to 91% vaccine efficacy against whooping cough among infants younger than 2 months of nonlymphoid tissues and to penetrate mucosal sites of infection is likely to explain why it is often considered the best immunoglobulin isotype for routine passive immunization and has shown clinical benefit ranging from reduced clinical symptoms to nearly complete protection from lethal infection in a number of infectious disease models (Table 8 .3). 118 With the recent development of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies that show protective efficacy against tularemia in animal models, [119] [120] [121] it may be possible to incorporate both passive immunotherapy and antibiotic treatment into clinical practice not only for tularemia, but for other bacterial diseases, especially in cases in which antibiotic resistance is becoming more widespread. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7151993/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35761-6.00008-0 id: cord-007798-9ht7cqhu author: Smith, Silas W. title: Drugs and pharmaceuticals: management of intoxication and antidotes date: 2010-02-25 words: 22555.0 sentences: 1371.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-007798-9ht7cqhu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-007798-9ht7cqhu.txt summary: In the context of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticholinergic, anticonvulsant, antihyperglycemic, antimicrobial, antineoplastic, cardiovascular, opioid, or sedative-hypnotic agents overdose, N-acetylcysteine, physostigmine, l-carnitine, dextrose, octreotide, pyridoxine, dexrazoxane, leucovorin, glucarpidase, atropine, calcium, digoxin-specific antibody fragments, glucagon, high-dose insulin euglycemia therapy, lipid emulsion, magnesium, sodium bicarbonate, naloxone, and flumazenil are specifically reviewed. As might be anticipated from the fact that supportive care suffices for the majority of poisoned patients, a typical study of routine administration of charcoal following oral overdose of primarily benzodiazepines, acetaminophen, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors could not demonstrate benefit [16, 17, 23] . Patient characteristics suggesting extracorporeal therapy include signs or symptoms of significant end organ toxicity; impaired elimination secondary to baseline comorbidities or critical illness-induced hypoperfusion; inability to tolerate or refractory to antidotal strategies (such as bicarbonate or saline); inadequate response to supportive care measures; concurrent electrolyte derangements (e.g., metformin-associated lactic acidosis); or serum drug concentrations historically associated with severe outcome [127] . abstract: The treatment of patients poisoned with drugs and pharmaceuticals can be quite challenging. Diverse exposure circumstances, varied clinical presentations, unique patient-specific factors, and inconsistent diagnostic and therapeutic infrastructure support, coupled with relatively few definitive antidotes, may complicate evaluation and management. The historical approach to poisoned patients (patient arousal, toxin elimination, and toxin identification) has given way to rigorous attention to the fundamental aspects of basic life suppport — airway management, oxygenation and ventilation, circulatory competence, thermoregulation, and substrate availability. Selected patients may benefit from methods to alter toxin pharmacokinetics to minimize systemic, target organ, or tissue compartment exposure (either by decreasing absorption or increasing elimination). These may include syrup of ipecac, orogastric lavage, activated single- or multi-dose charcoal, whole bowel irrigation, endoscopy and surgery, urinary alkalinization, saline diuresis, or extracorporeal methods (hemodialysis, charcoal hemoperfusion, continuous venovenous hemofiltration, and exchange transfusion). Pharmaceutical adjuncts and antidotes may be useful in toxicant-induced hyperthermias. In the context of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticholinergic, anticonvulsant, antihyperglycemic, antimicrobial, antineoplastic, cardiovascular, opioid, or sedative-hypnotic agents overdose, N-acetylcysteine, physostigmine, l-carnitine, dextrose, octreotide, pyridoxine, dexrazoxane, leucovorin, glucarpidase, atropine, calcium, digoxin-specific antibody fragments, glucagon, high-dose insulin euglycemia therapy, lipid emulsion, magnesium, sodium bicarbonate, naloxone, and flumazenil are specifically reviewed. In summary, patients generally benefit from aggressive support of vital functions, careful history and physical examination, specific laboratory analyses, a thoughtful consideration of the risks and benefits of decontamination and enhanced elimination, and the use of specific antidotes where warranted. Data supporting antidotes effectiveness vary considerably. Clinicians are encouraged to utilize consultation with regional poison centers or those with toxicology training to assist with diagnosis, management, and administration of antidotes, particularly in unfamiliar cases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123602/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8338-1_12 id: cord-269031-sz8ieltb author: Solé, G title: Guidance for the care of neuromuscular patients during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak from the French Rare Health Care for Neuromuscular Diseases Network date: 2020-04-20 words: 5744.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269031-sz8ieltb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269031-sz8ieltb.txt summary: Abstract In France, the epidemic phase of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in February 2020 and resulted in the implementation of emergency measures and a degradation in the organization of neuromuscular reference centers. In the context of NM diseases, particular attention must be paid to two experimental COVID-19 treatments, hydroxycholoroquine and azithromycin: risk of exacerbation of myasthenia gravis and QT prolongation in patients with pre-existing cardiac involvement. In France, the epidemic phase of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in February 2020 and resulted in the implementation of emergency measures and a degradation in the organization of neuromuscular reference centers. The main addressed topics pertain to the disease itself, its mode of transmission, the official national public health recommendations to prevent it, the behaviors to adopt in case symptoms appear, and its consequences specific to the neuromuscular patient (e.g., relating to the management of steroids and immunosuppressor treatments, medical appointments, rehabilitation, and 6 ventilation). abstract: Abstract In France, the epidemic phase of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in February 2020 and resulted in the implementation of emergency measures and a degradation in the organization of neuromuscular reference centers. In this special context, the French Rare Health Care for Neuromuscular Diseases Network (FILNEMUS) has established guidance in an attempt to homogenize the management of neuromuscular (NM) patients within the French territory. Hospitalization should be reserved for emergencies, the conduct of treatments that cannot be postponed, check-ups for which the diagnostic delay may result in a loss of survival chance, and cardiorespiratory assessments for which the delay could be detrimental to the patient. A national strategy was adopted during a period of 1 to 2 months concerning treatments usually administered in hospitalization. NM patients treated with steroid/ immunosuppressants for a dysimmune pathology should continue all of their treatments in the absence of any manifestations suggestive of COVID-19. A frequently asked questions (FAQ) sheet has been compiled and updated on the FILNEMUS website. Various support systems for self-rehabilitation and guided exercises have been also provided on the website. In the context of NM diseases, particular attention must be paid to two experimental COVID-19 treatments, hydroxycholoroquine and azithromycin: risk of exacerbation of myasthenia gravis and QT prolongation in patients with pre-existing cardiac involvement. The unfavorable emergency context related to COVID-19 may specially affect the potential for intensive care admission (ICU) for people with NMD. In order to preserve the fairest medical decision, a multidisciplinary working group has listed the neuromuscular diseases with a good prognosis, usually eligible for resuscitation admission in ICU and, for other NM conditions, the positive criteria suggesting a good prognosis. Adaptation of the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) make it possible to limit nebulization and continue using NIV in ventilator-dependent patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2020.04.004 doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.04.004 id: cord-282446-01lu7sce author: Stokholm, Jakob title: Azithromycin for episodes with asthma-like symptoms in young children aged 1–3 years: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial date: 2015-12-17 words: 5309.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282446-01lu7sce.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282446-01lu7sce.txt summary: [3] [4] [5] We discovered in our birth cohort, the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2000 (COPSAC 2000 ; a previous birth cohort of children born to mothers with asthma), that airway bacteria (Haemophilus infl uenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis) and respiratory viruses (at least one of picornavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, parainfl uenzavirus, infl uenza virus, human metapneumovirus, adenovirus, or bocavirus) are equally closely associated with episodes of asthma-like symptoms in the fi rst 3 years of life. 4 We did a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of azithromycin for treatment of episodes of troublesome lung symptoms in young children who were followed up prospectively in our new unselected Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 (COPSAC 2010 ) birth cohort. This study is, to our knowledge, the fi rst randomised controlled trial of azithromycin treatment of acute episodes of asthma-like symptoms in children aged 1-3 years with a history of recurrent episodes and its fi ndings show a clinically signifi cant shortening of symptom duration by 63% after intervention. abstract: BACKGROUND: Bacteria and viruses are equally associated with the risk of acute episodes of asthma-like symptoms in young children, suggesting antibiotics as a potential treatment for such episodes. We aimed to assess the effect of azithromycin on the duration of respiratory episodes in young children with recurrent asthma-like symptoms, hypothesising that it reduces the duration of the symptomatic period. METHODS: In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited children aged 1–3 years, who were diagnosed with recurrent asthma-like symptoms from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 cohort; a birth cohort consisting of the general Danish population of Zealand, including Copenhagen. Exclusion criteria were macrolide allergy, heart, liver, neurological, and kidney disease, and, before each treatment, one or more clinical signs of pneumonia (respiratory frequency of ≥50 breaths per min; fever of ≥39°C; C-reactive protein concentration of ≥476·20 nmol/L [≥50 mg/L]). Each episode of asthma-like symptoms lasting at least 3 days was randomly allocated to a 3-day course of azithromycin oral solution of 10 mg/kg per day or placebo after thorough examination by a study physician at the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma research unit. Each episode was randomly allocated independently of previous treatment from a computer-generated list of random numbers in blocks of ten (generated at the Pharmacy of Glostrup). Investigators and children were masked until the youngest child turned 3 years of age and throughout the data validation and analysis phases. The primary outcome was duration of the respiratory episode after treatment, verified by prospective daily diaries and analysed with Poisson regression. Analyses were per protocol (excluding those without a primary outcome measure or who did not receive treatment). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01233297. FINDINGS: Between Nov 17, 2010, and Jan 28, 2014, we randomly allocated 158 asthma-like episodes in 72 children (79 [50%] to azithromycin and 79 [50%] to placebo). The mean duration of the episode after treatment was 3·4 days for children receiving azithromycin compared with 7·7 days for children receiving placebo. Azithromycin caused a significant shortening of the episode of 63·3% (95% CI 56·0–69·3; p<0·0001). The effect size increased with early initiation of treatment, showing a reduction in episode duration of 83% if treatment was initiated before day 6 of the episode compared with 36% if initiated on or after day 6 (p<0·0001). We noted no differences in clinical adverse events between the azithromycin (18 [23%] of 78 episodes included in final analysis) and placebo (24 [30%] of 79) groups (p=0·30), but we did not investigate bacterial resistance patterns after treatment. INTERPRETATION: Azithromycin reduced the duration of episodes of asthma-like symptoms in young children, suggesting that this drug could have a role in acute management of exacerbations. Further research is needed to disentangle the inflammatory versus antimicrobial aspects of this relation. FUNDING: Lundbeck Foundation, Danish Ministry of Health, Danish Council for Strategic Research, Capital Region Research Foundation. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213260015005007 doi: 10.1016/s2213-2600(15)00500-7 id: cord-316370-t802kjpk author: Szperka, Christina L. title: Migraine Care in the Era of COVID‐19: Clinical Pearls and Plea to Insurers date: 2020-04-03 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: OBJECTIVE: To outline strategies for the treatment of migraine which do not require in‐person visits to clinic or the emergency department, and to describe ways that health insurance companies can remove barriers to quality care for migraine. BACKGROUND: COVID‐19 is a global pandemic causing widespread infections and death. To control the spread of infection we are called to observe “social distancing” and we have been asked to postpone any procedures which are not essential. Since procedural therapies are a mainstay of headache care, the inability to do procedures could negatively affect our patients with migraine. In this manuscript we review alternative therapies, with particular attention to those which may be contra‐indicated in the setting of COVID‐19 infection. DESIGN/RESULTS: The manuscript reviews the use of telemedicine visits and acute, bridge, and preventive therapies for migraine. We focus on evidence‐based treatment where possible, but also describe “real world” strategies which may be tried. In each section we call out areas where changes to rules from commercial health insurance companies would facilitate better migraine care. CONCLUSIONS: Our common goal as health care providers is to maximize the health and safety of our patients. Successful management of migraine with avoidance of in‐person clinic and emergency department visits further benefits the current urgent societal goal of maintaining social distance to contain the COVID‐19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13810 doi: 10.1111/head.13810 id: cord-322980-rembksdr author: Talwar, Shivangi title: Ayurveda and Allopathic Therapeutic Strategies in Coronavirus Pandemic Treatment 2020 date: 2020-10-22 words: 4536.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322980-rembksdr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322980-rembksdr.txt summary: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2019) emerged in 2019 in the month of December in Wuhan city of China, which again made the life of humans miserable with numerous fatal health issues and slowly and gradually this virus entrapped the whole world [2, 3] . Before the doctors, scientists, and researchers could study and come up with a cure for treatment, this virus had already infected more than lakhs of people across the world with the human coronavirus pathogens, i.e., HCoV-22E and HCoV-OC43, which affects the upper respiratory tract. Because of broad reach, presently, remdesivir and its in vitro studies against coronavirus help in treating SARS-CoV-2 with EC50 and EC90 estimations of 0.77 μM and 1.76 μM, respectively, and are proved to be a fruitful expected treatment for COVID-19 [ abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In the last month of 2019, i.e., December, COVID-19 hit Wuhan city in China. Since then, it has infected more than 210 countries and nearly about 33.4 million people with one million deaths globally. It is a viral disease with flu-like symptoms; hence, prevention and management is the best option to be adopted for its cure. RECENT FINDINGS: Many healthcare systems, scientists, and researchers are fighting for the cure of this pandemic. Ayurvedic and allopathic treatments have been studied extensively and approached for the cure of COVID-19. In addition to ayurvedic treatments, the Ministry of Ayush, India, has also recommended many remedies to boost up immunity. Allopathic studies involved several antiviral drugs which were used in different combinations for the treatment of COVID-19. SUMMARY: Comparative analysis of Ayurveda and allopathic treatment strategies were carried out in the present study. Depending upon the patient’s conditions and symptoms, Ayurveda is useful for the treatment of COVID-19. Allopathic treatments inhibit viral infection by targeting majorly endocytosis, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (Ace) receptor signaling. In this article, we summarize different ayurvedic and allopathic medicines and treatment strategies which have been used for the treatment of COVID-19, a global pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40495-020-00245-2 doi: 10.1007/s40495-020-00245-2 id: cord-023168-cd7adns8 author: Thachil, Jecko title: Haematological Diseases in the Tropics date: 2013-10-21 words: 30224.0 sentences: 1724.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-023168-cd7adns8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023168-cd7adns8.txt summary: The most useful laboratory measure of iron status Low value is diagnostic in the presence of anaemia Very high values (>100 µg/L) usually exclude iron deficiency'' Being an acute-phase protein, it increases in inflammatory conditions, and certain malignancies, making it unreliable Also increased in tissue damage especially of the liver Levels are falsely decreased in vitamin C deficiency and hypothyroidism Erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin An intermediate in haem biosynthesis and elevated concentrations indicate interrupted haem synthesis due to iron deficiency when zinc is incorporated in place of iron Can be measured on a drop of blood with a portable haematofluorometer Small sample size makes it very useful as a screening test in field surveys, particularly in children, and pregnant women where inflammatory states may not co-exist Red cells should be washed before measurement (serum bilirubin and fluorescent compounds like some drugs can give falsely high values) although not often done Lead poisoning can give falsely high values Rarely acute myeloid leukaemia and sideroblastic anaemia give slightly high values Useful in that it is not increased in thalassaemias WHO recommends normal level >70 µmol/mol haem Iron studies Serum iron concentration represents the iron entering and leaving the circulation. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7167525/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-5101-2.00066-2 id: cord-261671-1pvg3apl author: Titov, Nickolai title: User characteristics and outcomes from a national digital mental health service: an observational study of registrants of the Australian MindSpot Clinic date: 2020-10-19 words: 6128.0 sentences: 272.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261671-1pvg3apl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261671-1pvg3apl.txt summary: Among patients enrolled in a digital treatment course, we evaluated scales of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale [GAD-7]), as primary measures of treatment outcome, from the screening assessment to post-treatment and a 3 month follow-up. 11 MindSpot provides information about symptoms and local mental health services, brief psychological assess ments, and therapist-guided treatments delivered via the internet and telephone to adults with symp toms of anxiety, dep ression, or chronic pain. As MindSpot is funded by the Australian Department of Health, patients seeking assessment or treatment must complete an online registration questionnaire and meet the following eligibility criteria: Australian resident eligible for publicly funded health services (ie, Medicare-funded services); aged 18 years or older; and self-reported principal complaint of anxiety, depression, or chronic pain. abstract: BACKGROUND: Interest is growing in digital and telehealth delivery of mental health services, but data are scarce on outcomes in routine care. The federally funded Australian MindSpot Clinic provides online and telephone psychological assessment and treatment services to Australian adults. We aimed to summarise demographic characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients registered with MindSpot over the first 7 years of clinic operation. METHODS: We used an observational design to review all patients who registered for assessment with the MindSpot Clinic between Jan 1, 2013, and Dec 31, 2019. We descriptively analysed the demographics, service preferences, and baseline symptoms of patients. Among patients enrolled in a digital treatment course, we evaluated scales of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale [GAD-7]), as primary measures of treatment outcome, from the screening assessment to post-treatment and a 3 month follow-up. The Kessler Psychological Distress 10-Item Plus Scale was also used to assess changes in general distress and disability, and course satisfaction was measured post-treatment. OUTCOMES: A total of 121 652 screening assessments were started, of which 96 018 (78·9%) were completed. The mean age of patients was 35·7 years (SD 13·8) and 88 702 (72·9%) were women. Based on available assessment data, 36 866 (34·5%) of 106 811 participants had never previously spoken to a health professional about their symptoms, and most people self-reported symptoms of anxiety (88 879 [81·9%] of 108 494) or depression (78 803 [72·6%] of 108 494), either alone or in combination, at baseline. 21 745 patients started treatment in a therapist-guided online course, of whom 14 503 (66·7%) completed treatment (≥four of five lessons). Key trends in service use included an increase in the proportion of people using MindSpot primarily for assessment and information, from 52·6% in 2013 to 66·7% in 2019, while the proportion primarily seeking online treatment decreased, from 42·6% in 2013 to 26·7% in 2019. Effect sizes and percentage changes were large for estimated mean scores on the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 from assessment to post-treatment (PHQ-9, Cohen's d effect size 1·40 [95% CI 1·37–1·43]; and GAD-7, 1·45 [1·42–1·47]) and the 3 month follow-up (PHQ-9, 1·36 [1·34–1·38]; and GAD-7, 1·42 [1·40–1·44]); proportions of patients with reliable symptom deterioration (score increase of ≥6 points [PHQ-9] or ≥5 points [GAD-7]) were low post-treatment (of 13 058 respondents, 184 [1·4%] had symptom deterioration on the PHQ-9 and 282 [2·2%] on the GAD-7); and patient satisfaction rates were high (12 452 [96·6%] of 12 895 respondents would recommend the course and 12 433 [96·7%] of 12 860 reported the course worthwhile). We also observed small improvements in disability following treatment as measured by days out of role. INTERPRETATION: Our findings indicate improvement in psychological symptoms and positive reception among patients receiving online mental health treatment. These results support the addition of digital services such as MindSpot as a component in contemporary national mental health systems. FUNDING: None. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33103097/ doi: 10.1016/s2589-7500(20)30224-7 id: cord-281561-r10y2sgb author: Tiwari, Nidhi title: Novel β-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): Current and Future Aspects of Pharmacological Treatments date: 2020-08-27 words: 6877.0 sentences: 384.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281561-r10y2sgb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281561-r10y2sgb.txt summary: Another invitro study reported that Ribavirin, analogue of guanosine nucleotide having wide spectrum of antiviral activity, used along with LPV/RTV to treat SARS-COV-2 viral infection in china (ChiCTR2000029387) . reported remdesivir shows possible efficacy better as compared to placebo group in hospitalized patients for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 virus. The effectiveness and safety concern of darunavir/cobicistat combination is being evaluated under development of clinical trials phase 3 by enrolling 30 COVID-19 patients and estimated completion of study on December 31, 2020. Recently, retrospective cohort study showed high dose of anakinra (5 mg/kg, BD,iv) produces beneficial and efficacious effects in 72% Covid-19 infected patients associated with ARDS (Cavalli et al., 2020) . Based on case study of patients with SARS-CoV2 infection and also confirmed severe pneumonia and ARDS treated with i.v. infusion of eculizumab along with anticoagulant therapy (Enoxaparin 4000 IU/day s.c), antiviral therapy (LPV 800 mg/day + RTV 200 mg/day), hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/day, ceftriaxone 2 g/day IV, vitamin C 6 g/day for 4 days. abstract: The novel coronavirus outbreak has reported to be rapidly spreading across the countries and becomes a foremost community health alarm. At present, no vaccine or specific drug is on hand for the treatment of this infectious disease. This review investigates the drugs, which are being evaluated and found to be effective against nCOVID-19 infection. A thorough literature search was performedon the recently published research papers in between January 2020 to May 2020, through various databases like “Science Direct”, “Google Scholar”, “PubMed”,“Medline”, “Web of Science”, and “World Health Organization (WHO)”. We reviewed and documented the information related with the current and future aspects for the management and cure of COVID-19. As of 21st July, 2020 a total of 14,562,550 confirmed cases of coronavirus and 607,781 deaths have been reported world-wide. The main clinical feature of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic disease to mild lower respiratory tract illness to severe pneumonia, acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ dysfunction, and death. The drugs at present used in COVID-19 patients and ongoing clinical trials focusing on drug repurposing of various therapeutic classes of drug e.g. antiviral, anti-inflammatory and/or immunomodulatory drugs along with adjuvant/supportive care. Many drugs on clinical trials shows effective results on preliminary scale and now used currently in patients. Adjuvant/ supportive care therapy are used in patients to get the best results in order to minimize the short and long-term complications. However, further studies and clinical trials are needed on large scale of population to reach any firm conclusion in terms of its efficacy and safety. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.015 doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.015 id: cord-336462-7dltsav4 author: Trovik, Linn Hereide title: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and miliary tuberculosis in a previously healthy individual: a case report date: 2020-11-11 words: 4235.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336462-7dltsav4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336462-7dltsav4.txt summary: Here we describe the clinical features, laboratory parameters, diagnostic workup, management and outcome data of a previously healthy 54-year-old man diagnosed with HLH secondary to tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS: We present one of few published cases of a patient who survived HLH triggered by miliary tuberculosis. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an uncommon hematologic disorder characterized by an uncontrolled immune response with organ infiltration of lymphocytes and histiocytes, and organ damage caused by excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] . Results from bone marrow biopsy later revealed an expanded erythropoiesis, increased number of histiocytic cells with phagocytosed lymphocytes and nuclear debris (hemophagocytosis) and granulomas that supported the diagnosis of HLH and TB, respectively (Fig. 4) . Treatment outcomes and prognostic factors in adult patients with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis not associated with malignancy Tuberculosis-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with initial presentation of fever of unknown origin in a general hospital: an analysis of 8 clinical cases abstract: BACKGROUND: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare heterogenous genetic or acquired hyperinflammatory syndrome associated with a high degree of morbidity and mortality. HLH has clinical manifestations related to abnormal prolonged activation of T lymphocytes and macrophages with an excess of proinflammatory cytokines. The main causes of secondary HLH are malignancies and infectious diseases. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient was a 54-year-old man, originally from Eastern Africa, who had lived in Northern Europe for 30 years. Here we describe the clinical features, laboratory parameters, diagnostic workup, management and outcome data of a previously healthy 54-year-old man diagnosed with HLH secondary to tuberculosis. The patient was initially treated for a community-acquired pneumonia. He developed multiorgan failure with acute respiratory distress syndrome, hypertransaminasemia, and kidney and bone marrow dysfunction. The clinical course together with a simultaneous increase in serum ferritin raised the suspicion of HLH. The patient fulfilled seven out of eight diagnostic criteria for HLH. A thorough diagnostic workup with respect to HLH and a potential underlying disease was initiated. Cultivation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, stool and urine, and polymerase chain reaction of epithelioid cell granulomas in the bone marrow were all positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. He was treated for both HLH and tuberculosis, and he survived without any sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: We present one of few published cases of a patient who survived HLH triggered by miliary tuberculosis. The current case illustrates the need for awareness of these two diagnoses, and the timely initiation of specific and supportive treatment to reduce mortality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33172493/ doi: 10.1186/s13256-020-02555-x id: cord-333730-qsx0m68e author: Tsai, Y. C. title: Oral disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and immunosuppressants with antiviral potential, including SARS-CoV-2 infection: a review date: 2020-09-03 words: 4920.0 sentences: 297.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333730-qsx0m68e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333730-qsx0m68e.txt summary: However, some immunosuppressants or disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) show antiviral activity and may be safely used or even beneficial in patients with selected concomitant viral infections. In vitro anti-CMV properties of leflunomide were not through blocking the replication of viral DNA, so it is effective even in patients with direct antiviral drug-resistance history. The combination of MMF and highly active antiretroviral therapy improved the control of viral replication and delayed viral-load rebound in a randomized pilot study (n = 17 The effectiveness of thalidomide for KS might be related to anti-angiogenesis, and experts hypothesized the modulation of the immune system to trigger an antiviral action. Although in most instances, the antiviral activity of DMARDs is based on in vitro or small-scale controlled studies, this property would be useful in the choice of DMARDs for patients with concomitant viral infections. Effects of hydroxychloroquine on immune activation and disease progression among HIV-infected patients not receiving antiretroviral therapy: a randomized controlled trial abstract: There have been several episodes of viral infection evolving into epidemics in recent decades, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the latest example. Its high infectivity and moderate mortality have resulted in an urgent need to find an effective treatment modality. Although the category of immunosuppressive drugs usually poses a risk of infection due to interference of the immune system, some of them have been found to exert antiviral properties and are already used in daily practice. Recently, hydroxychloroquine and baricitinib have been proposed as potential drugs for SARS-CoV-2. In fact, there are other immunosuppressants known with antiviral activities, including cyclosporine A, hydroxyurea, minocycline, mycophenolic acid, mycophenolate mofetil, leflunomide, tofacitinib, and thalidomide. The inherent antiviral activity could be a treatment choice for patients with coexisting rheumatological disorders and infections. Clinical evidence, their possible mode of actions and spectrum of antiviral activities are included in this review article. LAY SUMMARY: Immunosuppressants often raise the concern of infection risks, especially for patients with underlying immune disorders. However, some disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) with inherent antiviral activity would be a reasonable choice in the situation of concomitant viral infections and flare up of autoimmune diseases. This review covers DMARDs of treatment potential for SARS-CoV-2 in part I, and antiviral mechanisms plus trial evidence for viruses other than SARS-CoV-2 in part II. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32952617/ doi: 10.1177/1759720x20947296 id: cord-302215-sqrbj5r4 author: Vanden Eynde, Jean Jacques title: COVID-19: An Update about the Discovery Clinical Trial date: 2020-05-14 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Finding efficacious and safe treatments for COVID-19 emerges as a crucial need in order to control the spread of the pandemic. Whereas plasma therapy attracts much interest, the European project Discovery focuses on the potentialities of small molecules like remdesivir, the combination of lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, and chloroquine. Results recently published on the clinical evaluation of those drugs are compiled in this brief report, although complete data are still impatiently awaited. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32423027/ doi: 10.3390/ph13050098 id: cord-002514-pp06m5xk author: Venkatesan, Sudhir title: Impact of Outpatient Neuraminidase Inhibitor Treatment in Patients Infected With Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 at High Risk of Hospitalization: An Individual Participant Data Metaanalysis date: 2017-05-15 words: 4019.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-002514-pp06m5xk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-002514-pp06m5xk.txt summary: title: Impact of Outpatient Neuraminidase Inhibitor Treatment in Patients Infected With Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 at High Risk of Hospitalization: An Individual Participant Data Metaanalysis While evidence exists to support the effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) in reducing mortality when given to hospitalized patients with A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection, the impact of outpatient treatment on hospitalization has not been clearly established. In patients with laboratory-confirmed or clinically diagnosed A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza, after adjustment for community-based antibiotic treatment and propensity score, the likelihood of hospital admission in patients with outpatient or community-based NAI treatment was 0.24 (95% CI, 0.20-0.30) when compared to no NAI treatment in the community (Table 2) . Our main findings ( Table 2) suggest that NAI treatment in the community for patients with severe pandemic influenza substantially reduced the likelihood of hospital admission due to influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. Effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors in reducing mortality in patients admitted to hospital with influenza A H1N1pdm09 virus infection: a meta-analysis of individual participant data abstract: BACKGROUND. While evidence exists to support the effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) in reducing mortality when given to hospitalized patients with A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection, the impact of outpatient treatment on hospitalization has not been clearly established. We investigated the impact of outpatient NAI treatment on subsequent hospitalization in patients with A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. METHODS. We assembled general community and outpatient data from 9 clinical centers in different countries collected between January 2009 and December 2010. We standardized data from each study center to create a pooled dataset and then used mixed-effects logistic regression modeling to determine the effect of NAI treatment on hospitalization. We adjusted for NAI treatment propensity and preadmission antibiotic use, including “study center” as a random intercept to account for differences in baseline hospitalization rate between centers. RESULTS. We included 3376 patients with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, of whom 3085 (91.4%) had laboratory-confirmed infection. Eight hundred seventy-three patients (25.8%) received outpatient or community-based NAI treatment, 928 of 2395 (38.8%) with available data had dyspnea or respiratory distress, and hospitalizations occurred in 1705 (50.5%). After adjustment for preadmission antibiotics and NAI treatment propensity, preadmission NAI treatment was associated with decreased odds of hospital admission compared to no NAI treatment (adjusted odds ratio, 0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.20–0.30). CONCLUSIONS. In a population with confirmed or suspected A(H1N1)pdm09 and at high risk of hospitalization, outpatient or community-based NAI treatment significantly reduced the likelihood of requiring hospital admission. These data suggest that community patients with severe influenza should receive NAI treatment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5411393/ doi: 10.1093/cid/cix127 id: cord-011712-fyrbe8tw author: Venkatesan, Sudhir title: Neuraminidase Inhibitors and Hospital Length of Stay: A Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data to Determine Treatment Effectiveness Among Patients Hospitalized With Nonfatal 2009 Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) Virus Infection date: 2020-02-01 words: 4623.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011712-fyrbe8tw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011712-fyrbe8tw.txt summary: METHODS: We conducted a one-stage individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis exploring the association between NAI treatment and LoS in patients hospitalized with 2009 influenza A(H1N1) virus (A[H1N1]pdm09) infection. CONCLUSIONS: When patients hospitalized with influenza are treated with NAIs, treatment initiated on admission, regardless of time since symptom onset, is associated with a reduced LoS, compared with later or no initiation of treatment. We undertook a one-stage individual participant data (IPD) [16] meta-analysis to explore the association between NAI treatment of patients hospitalized with 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus (A[H1N1]pdm09) infection and the LoS during the 2009-2010 influenza pandemic. In Hong Kong, a study of 356 adult patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed seasonal influenza showed that early oseltamivir treatment was associated with a reduced LoS in both unadjusted and multivariable analyses [9] , compared with no or later treatment, with the median LoS decreasing from 6 to 4 days; this accords with our primary analysis. abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) treatment on length of stay (LoS) in patients hospitalized with influenza is unclear. METHODS: We conducted a one-stage individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis exploring the association between NAI treatment and LoS in patients hospitalized with 2009 influenza A(H1N1) virus (A[H1N1]pdm09) infection. Using mixed-effects negative binomial regression and adjusting for the propensity to receive NAI, antibiotic, and corticosteroid treatment, we calculated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Patients with a LoS of <1 day and those who died while hospitalized were excluded. RESULTS: We analyzed data on 18 309 patients from 70 clinical centers. After adjustment, NAI treatment initiated at hospitalization was associated with a 19% reduction in the LoS among patients with clinically suspected or laboratory-confirmed influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection (IRR, 0.81; 95% CI, .78–.85), compared with later or no initiation of NAI treatment. Similar statistically significant associations were seen in all clinical subgroups. NAI treatment (at any time), compared with no NAI treatment, and NAI treatment initiated <2 days after symptom onset, compared with later or no initiation of NAI treatment, showed mixed patterns of association with the LoS. CONCLUSIONS: When patients hospitalized with influenza are treated with NAIs, treatment initiated on admission, regardless of time since symptom onset, is associated with a reduced LoS, compared with later or no initiation of treatment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7313925/ doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiz152 id: cord-349990-i3jslrae author: Visca, Dina title: Management of chronic refractory cough in adults date: 2020-09-19 words: 5979.0 sentences: 284.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349990-i3jslrae.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349990-i3jslrae.txt summary: Current international guidelines provide algorithms for the management of chronic cough: in most cases, treatment of the underlying disease is sufficient to improve or resolve cough symptoms. Under pathological conditions of known and unknown etiologies, chronic refractory cough (CRC) may become a major medical problem because patients may need to undergo repeated examinations before reaching a diagnosis, and/or try several treatments with sometimes poor symptom control, worsening their quality of life and increasing economic burden. conducted a multicenter randomized controlled trial in 75 patients with CRC, and observed an improvement in cough-specific quality of life (Leicester Cough Questionnaire) and cough frequency (Leicester Cough Monitor) as a consequence of implementing a combined physiotherapy and speech and language therapy intervention [19] . investigated the potential effects of azithromycin on chronic cough in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study [61] . MK-7264, a P2×3 receptor antagonist, reduces cough frequency in patients with refractory chronic cough: results from a randomized, controlled, Phase 2b clinical trial abstract: Cough is a common respiratory symptom that is considered to be chronic when it lasts more than eight weeks. When severe, chronic cough may significantly impact an individual's quality of life, and such patients are frequently referred for specialist evaluation. Current international guidelines provide algorithms for the management of chronic cough: in most cases, treatment of the underlying disease is sufficient to improve or resolve cough symptoms. Severe chronic cough may significantly affect patients' quality of life and necessitate frequent referral for specialist evaluations. In this narrative review, we summarize non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic management of adult patients with chronic cough of known cause that persists after proper treatment (chronic refractory cough, CRC) or chronic cough of unknown cause in adult patients. If chronic cough persists even after treatment of the underlying disease, or if the chronic cough is not attributable to any cause, then a symptomatic approach with neuromodulators may be considered, with gabapentin as the first choice, and opioids or macrolides as alternatives. Speech pathology treatment and/or neuromodulators should be discussed with patients and alternative options carefully considered, taking into account risk/benefit. Novel promising drugs are under investigation (e.g. P2×3 inhibitors), but additional studies are needed in this field. Speech pathology can be combined with a neuromodulator to give an enhanced treatment response of longer duration suggesting that non-pharmacologic treatment may play a key role in the management of CRC. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32958373/ doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.09.008 id: cord-007788-09t52zix author: Wallhult, Elisabeth title: Early and Acute Complications and the Principles of HSCT Nursing Care date: 2017-11-22 words: 13962.0 sentences: 766.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-007788-09t52zix.txt txt: ./txt/cord-007788-09t52zix.txt summary: Some other relatively rare complications are also covered here: haemorrhagic cystitis (HC), endothelial damage (ED) syndromes including engraftment syndrome (ES), idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS), diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH), transplant-associated microangiopathy (TAM) and sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno-occlusive disease (SOS/VOD). Oral damage may be a hallmark of graft versus host disease (GvHD) in patients following allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and the presence of lichenoid hyperkeratotic plaques (diagnostic sign), gingivitis, mucositis, erythema, pain, xerostomia and ulcers may indicate GvHD. The increased risk of infections in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is well known, and infection is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Differential diagnoses will need to be excluded by assessing risk factors, symptoms and lab tests since liver dysfunction can also be seen in sepsis, viral infection, graft versus host disease (GvHD) and iron overload and as a side effect from many of the drugs used in the HSCT setting. abstract: Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) generally includes preparative or conditioning regimes containing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in high doses. These regimens, as well as other treatments before and after HSCT such as immunosuppressive drugs to prevent graft versus host disease (GvHD) (see Chap. 11), may affect the patient’s organs and tissues and may cause both acute and long-term complications. In the evolving field of stem cell therapies, some complications that traditionally have been regarded as early complications are now, due to changes in preparative regimens and choice of stem cell source, sometimes seen later in the post-transplant out-patient setting. The complications covered in this chapter generally occur within 100 days post HSCT and are thus classified as early complications. Two of the most common early complications are oral complications/mucositis and sepsis. Some other relatively rare complications are also covered here: haemorrhagic cystitis (HC), endothelial damage (ED) syndromes including engraftment syndrome (ES), idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS), diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH), transplant-associated microangiopathy (TAM) and sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno-occlusive disease (SOS/VOD). For all complications, recommendations for prevention and principles for nursing care are presented since careful nursing monitoring, prompt intervention and care may have an influence on patients’ morbidity and mortality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123335/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-50026-3_9 id: cord-295445-f4p00yaw author: Wang, Hao title: Differential removal of human pathogenic viruses from sewage by conventional and ozone treatments date: 2018-02-01 words: 6889.0 sentences: 284.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295445-f4p00yaw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295445-f4p00yaw.txt summary: Previous studies conducted in wastewater treatment plants have shown that ozone disinfection might be highly efficient in inactivating bacteria and bacteriophages after conventional sewage treatments (Kim et al., 1999; Tyrrell et al., 1995) , but knowledge regarding its effect for reducing human enteric viruses is relatively scarce. The four concentrated water samples (incoming sewage, conventionally treated, ozone treated, and outlet water) from each of the three weeks were also analyzed by qPCR for 14 common enteric viruses (adenovirus, astrovirus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus, norovirus GI, norovirus GII, norovirus GIV, parechovirus, sapovirus, aichivirus, mengovirus, torovirus, enterovirus, and rotavirus). However, in this study some viruses that were undetectable in the ozone-treated samples reoccurred in the outlet water, including parvovirus, norovirus GII, human feces pecovirus, parvovirus-like virus, gokushovirus, and HAdV-F41, although the amounts were significantly lower compared with raw sewage. abstract: Sewage contains a mixed ecosystem of diverse sets of microorganisms, including human pathogenic viruses. Little is known about how conventional as well as advanced treatments of sewage, such as ozonation, reduce the environmental spread of viruses. Analyses for viruses were therefore conducted for three weeks in influent, after conventional treatment, after additional ozonation, and after passing an open dam system at a full-scale treatment plant in Knivsta, Sweden. Viruses were concentrated by adsorption to a positively charged filter, from which they were eluted and pelleted by ultracentrifugation, with a recovery of about 10%. Ion Torrent sequencing was used to analyze influent, leading to the identification of at least 327 viral species, most of which belonged to 25 families with some having unclear classification. Real-time PCR was used to test for 21 human-related viruses in inlet, conventionally treated, and ozone-treated sewage and outlet waters. The viruses identified in influent and further analyzed were adenovirus, norovirus, sapovirus, parechovirus, hepatitis E virus, astrovirus, pecovirus, picobirnavirus, parvovirus, and gokushovirus. Conventional treatment reduced viral concentrations by one to four log10, with the exception of adenovirus and parvovirus, for which the removal was less efficient. Ozone treatment led to a further reduction by one to two log10, but less for adenovirus. This study showed that the amount of all viruses was reduced by conventional sewage treatment. Further ozonation reduced the amounts of several viruses to undetectable levels, indicating that this is a promising technique for reducing the transmission of many pathogenic human viruses. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1438463917307307 doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.01.012 id: cord-023528-z9rc0ubj author: Wilkins, Pamela A. title: Disorders of Foals date: 2009-05-18 words: 42569.0 sentences: 2235.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-023528-z9rc0ubj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023528-z9rc0ubj.txt summary: First, restriction of the thorax or the abdomen can result in impaired ventilation, which can occur easily when one restrains a foal and may result in spuriously abnormal arterial blood gas values (see the discussion on arterial blood gas evaluation, Respiratory Diseases Associated with Hypoxemia in the Neonate). Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), currently referred to as neonatal encephalopathy in the human literature, is one systemic manifestation of a broader syndrome of perinatal asphyxia syndrome (PAS), and management of foals with signs consistent with a diagnosis of HIE requires the clinician to examine other body systems fully and to provide therapy directed at treating other involved systems. Therapy for the various manifestations of hypoxiaischemia involves control of seizures, general cerebral support, correction of metabolic abnormalities, maintenance of normal arterial blood gas values, maintenance of tissue perfusion, maintenance of renal function, treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction, prevention and recognition and early treatment of secondary infections, and general supportive care. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7171908/ doi: 10.1016/b0-72-169777-1/50021-4 id: cord-102145-bi8jyz6r author: Wilson, Audrey E title: Spatial heterogeneity in resources alters selective dynamics in Drosophila melanogaster date: 2020-09-05 words: 5931.0 sentences: 246.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-102145-bi8jyz6r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-102145-bi8jyz6r.txt summary: Using Drosophila melanogaster, we tested three different spatial environments designed to determine if spatial constraint of critical resources influences the efficiency of natural and sexual selection. Since Yun et al.''s (2017) experiment, there have been several studies conducted to determine how natural and sexual selection changes within simple (high density in single vials or bottles) versus "complex environments" (lower density cages with multiple resources for interactions to occur). In the first part of this experiment we looked at how differences in resource patch size and accessibility influenced the purging of six recessive deleterious mutations from populations being held within a series of complex environments. For analyzing purging rates across environmental treatments, models were generated with and without the third SCT replicate for the forked 1 mutation due to this replicate having mutant allele frequencies approaching fixation consistently throughout the experiment ( Figure S2 , Table S2 and Table S3 ). abstract: Environmental features can alter the behaviours and phenotypes of organisms and populations evolving within them including the dynamics between natural and sexual selection. Experimental environmental manipulation, particularly when conducted in experiments where the dynamics of the purging of deleterious alleles are compared, has demonstrated both direct and indirect effects on the strength and direction of selection. However, many of these experiments are conducted with fairly simplistic environments when it is not always clear how or why particular forms of spatial heterogeneity may influence behaviour or selection. Using Drosophila melanogaster, we tested three different spatial environments designed to determine if spatial constraint of critical resources influences the efficiency of natural and sexual selection. We conducted two allele purging experiments to 1) assess the effects of these spatial treatments on the selective dynamics of six recessive mutations, and 2) determine how these dynamics changed when sexual selection was relaxed and the spatial area was reduced. We found that allele purging dynamics depended on spatial environment, however the patterns of purging rates between the environments differed across distinct deleterious mutations. We also found that for two of the mutations, the addition of sexual selection increased the purging rate. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.05.283705 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.05.283705 id: cord-354824-7fdcu2f0 author: Wu, Renyi title: An Update on Current Therapeutic Drugs Treating COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 words: 9652.0 sentences: 504.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354824-7fdcu2f0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354824-7fdcu2f0.txt summary: Evolving research and clinical data regarding the virologic SARS-CoV-2 suggest a potential list of repurposed drugs with appropriate pharmacological effects and therapeutic efficacies in treating COVID-19 patients. This estimated 20% of patients developing more severe disease with SARS-CoV-2 infection are most likely due to genetics, epigenetics, and or other factors, with dampened innate immune response to fight the virus coupled with enhanced viral load leading to cytokine storm, severe inflammatory/oxidative stress response, and severe lung injury secondary to ARDS. Chloroquine can inhibit the entry of SARS-CoV-2 and prevent virus-cell fusion by interfering with glycosylation of ACE2 receptor and its binding with spike protein, suggesting that chloroquine treatment might be more effective in the early stage of infection, before COVID-19 reduces ACE2 expression and activity [30, 38, 39] . Chloroquine diphosphate in two different dosages as adjunctive therapy of hospitalized patients with severe respiratory syndrome in the context of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection: Preliminary safety results of a randomized, doubleblinded, phase IIb clinical trial (CloroCovid-19 Study) abstract: The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has presented unprecedented challenges to the healthcare systems in almost every country around the world. Currently, there are no proven effective vaccines or therapeutic agents against the virus. Current clinical management includes infection prevention and control measures and supportive care including supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilatory support. Evolving research and clinical data regarding the virologic SARS-CoV-2 suggest a potential list of repurposed drugs with appropriate pharmacological effects and therapeutic efficacies in treating COVID-19 patients. In this review, we will update and summarize the most common and plausible drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. These drugs and therapeutic agents include antiviral agents (remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, lopinavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, and oseltamivir), and supporting agents (Ascorbic acid, Azithromycin, Corticosteroids, Nitric oxide, IL-6 antagonists), among others. We hope that this review will provide useful and most updated therapeutic drugs to prevent, control, and treat COVID-19 patients until the approval of vaccines and specific drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40495-020-00216-7 doi: 10.1007/s40495-020-00216-7 id: cord-303816-c4z9ys3q author: Xu, YuShuang title: Diagnostic methods and drug therapies in patients with ischemic colitis date: 2020-09-16 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: PURPOSE: Ischemic colitis (IC) is the most prevalent ischemic injury of thegastrointestinal tract. Clinical features of IC such as acute abdominal pain, hematochezia,and diarrhea are similar to those of acute mesenteric ischemia, inflammatorybowel disease, or infectious bowel disease, and their relative ambiguity candelay diagnosis and treatment. To comprehensively detail the current state ofdiagnostic methods and available drug therapies for detecting and treating IC,this review aims to provide a concise and practical summary of thecorresponding literature. METHODS: PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched toretrieve all published studies reporting the diagnostic methods and drugtherapies in patients with ischemic colitis. The search strategy of drugtherapy includes human and animal data. RESULTS: Colonoscopy combined with histopathologicalbiopsy is the standard of diagnosis for the IC. Most patients respond well tothe conservative treatment, and surgical consultation is needed when conservativetreatment is ineffective. Studies of potential drug therapy have beendeveloped, including phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, pentoxifylline,rebamipide, prostaglandin E1, and polydeoxyribonucleotide. CONCLUSION: Accurate diagnoses and effective treatmentshave helped reduce the mortality rate and improve prognoses for patientsafflicted with IC, and corresponding drug therapies have been constantlyupdated as new research has emerged. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32936393/ doi: 10.1007/s00384-020-03739-z id: cord-314932-edf9xjwr author: Yan, Junqiang title: Research Progress of Drug Treatment in Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia date: 2020-05-13 words: 2940.0 sentences: 161.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314932-edf9xjwr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314932-edf9xjwr.txt summary: Studies have found that 2019-nCoV is a single-stranded RNA beta coronavirus similar to SARS and MERS (12) , so current treatment is mainly based on the treatment experience of these two diseases (13) and further development of new targeted drugs. Currently, the drugs studied for the treatment of 2019-nCoV mainly include antivirals, antimalarials, glucocorticoids, plasma therapy, biological agents, and traditional Chinese medicine, among which lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin, remdesivir, chloroquine phosphate, and interferon are the main drugs. Recent studies have shown that chloroquine can inhibit 2019-nCoV by increasing the endosome pH required for viral cell fusion (26) , and its antiviral and antiinflammatory activity considerations are also involved (36) . New research shows that interferon-α nebulization, injection of interferon-α2b (57) , and α-interferon combined with lopinavir/ritonavir drugs (58) may be applicable to the current treatment of 2019-nCoV infection. Current studies have shown that the drug treatment of 2019-nCoV-related pneumonia mainly includes antivirals, antimalarials, and interferon. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro abstract: As of March 10, 2020, more than 100,000 novel coronavirus pneumonia cases have been confirmed globally. With the continuous spread of the new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic in even the world, prevention and treatment of the disease have become urgent tasks. The drugs currently being developed are not adequate to deal with this critical situation. In addition to being controlled through effective isolation, we need a rapid response from the healthcare and biotechnology industries to accelerate drug treatment research. By reviewing the currently available literature published at home and abroad, we summarize the current research progress of drug treatment during the epidemic period. At present, the drugs that can be used for treatment mainly include antiviral drugs, antimalarials, glucocorticoids, plasma therapy, biological agents, and traditional Chinese medicine. The effectiveness and safety of drug therapy need to be confirmed by more clinical studies. url: https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-020-01679-z doi: 10.1208/s12249-020-01679-z id: cord-325970-ivtunxrd author: Yerramilli, Divya title: Palliative Radiotherapy for Oncologic Emergencies in the setting of COVID-19: Approaches to Balancing Risks and Benefits date: 2020-04-08 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2452109420300695 doi: 10.1016/j.adro.2020.04.001 id: cord-027860-s97hdhh6 author: Zeimet, Anthony title: Infectious Diseases date: 2020-06-22 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7315328/ doi: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-1160-8.10016-8 id: cord-016559-tqd7m2i1 author: Zheng, Yi title: Application in Medicine Systems date: 2014-10-28 words: 19346.0 sentences: 778.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-016559-tqd7m2i1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-016559-tqd7m2i1.txt summary: Danshen has the function of effectively dilating the coronary artery, increasing coronary blood flow, reducing heart rate, inhibiting platelet aggregation and thrombopoiesis induced by platelet activation factors, promoting the recovery of injured cardiac muscle, increasing cardiac contractility, and protecting cardiac muscle cells; thus it can be widely applied in treating the diseases of the circulation system. [7] reported the application of 0.5/ 250 ml of puerarin and glucose injection combined with 16 ml of CDI in the treatment of 44 patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris, and the results showed that in the treatment group there were 31 patients with a marked effect, 10 patients with an effect, 3 patients without effect, and the total effective rate was 93.2 %. Patients with cerebral hemorrhage were treated with CDI, and the rates of recovery and significant improvement in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group, and no side effects were observed. abstract: Modern pharmacological studies on Danshen have shown that the pharmacologic actions of Danshen mainly include dilating vessels, promoting blood flow, improving microcirculation, changing blood viscosity, increasing myocardial blood and oxygen supplies, reducing myocardial consumption of oxygen, etc. The drug is used to treat diseases of the cardio-cerebrovascular system. In addition, Danshen also has antitumor, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory functions. Therefore, Danshen has wide clinical application. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of reports on the clinical application of Danshen extract and Danshen compound preparations. Danshen is seldom used alone; rather, it is usually combined with other drugs to form compound preparations. Various Danshen preparations have been developed, such as Compound Danshen Tablets, Compound Danshen Dropping Pill ( Dantonic™), Compound Danshen Granules, Compound Danshen Capsule, Compound Danshen Oral Liquid, Compound Danshen Aerosol, and Compound Danshen Injection (CDI), etc. The successful development of these preparations has improved product quality, enhanced efficacy, and opened up broader prospects for Danshen’s clinical application. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120891/ doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-9466-4_1 id: cord-320548-oigyut2k author: Zumla, Alimuddin title: Emerging novel and antimicrobial-resistant respiratory tract infections: new drug development and therapeutic options date: 2014-09-01 words: 8120.0 sentences: 430.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320548-oigyut2k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320548-oigyut2k.txt summary: 19 In patients admitted to hospital with severe infl uenza A H7N9 infection, reduction of viral load after treatment with oseltamivir correlated with improved outcome, whereas the emergence of virus resistant to neuraminidase inhibitors that harbours an Arg292Lys substitution is associated with poor outcomes and poor response to oseltamivir and peramivir. Several observational studies show that systemic corticosteroids given for 2009 pandemic infl uenza A H1N1-associated viral pneumonia increased the risk of mortality and morbidity (eg, secondary infections), especially when there was a delay in initiation, or absence of, eff ective antiviral therapy. Several observational studies have shown that systemic corticosteroids given for 2009 pandemic infl uenza A H1N1-asssociated viral pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome increased the risk of mortality and morbidity (eg, secondary bacterial or fungal infections), especially if there is delay or lack of eff ective antiviral therapy. abstract: The emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens for which diminishing treatment options are available is of major global concern. New viral respiratory tract infections with epidemic potential, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome, swine-origin influenza A H1N1, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection, require development of new antiviral agents. The substantial rise in the global numbers of patients with respiratory tract infections caused by pan-antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and multiazole-resistant fungi has focused attention on investments into development of new drugs and treatment regimens. Successful treatment outcomes for patients with respiratory tract infections across all health-care settings will necessitate rapid, precise diagnosis and more effective and pathogen-specific therapies. This Series paper describes the development and use of new antimicrobial agents and immune-based and host-directed therapies for a range of conventional and emerging viral, bacterial, and fungal causes of respiratory tract infections. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S147330991470828X doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70828-x id: cord-000083-3p81yr4n author: nan title: Poster Exhibition date: 2009-01-31 words: 112815.0 sentences: 7542.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-000083-3p81yr4n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-000083-3p81yr4n.txt summary: R. China Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the early virologic response for prediction of achievement of HBeAg seroconversion and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA negativity after two years of lamivudine treatment in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Methods: A total of 620 patients who tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and were referred to Chiba University Hospital between February 1985 and March 2008 were included in the study, and their following characteristics were analyzed: age, gender, the status of HBeAg, ALT, HBV-DNA level, and PLT. Methods: A total of 60 patients with chronic hepatitis B, 32 (53.3%) were HBeAg positive (group A) while 28(46.7%) were HBeAg negative (group B) were included in this study after meeting the following criteria: age 18 to 60 years, HBsAg positive for more than 6 months, serum HBV-DNA was >5 log(10) copies/mL and ALT more than two times the upper normal limit. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2712310/ doi: 10.1007/s12072-009-9123-4 id: cord-000843-e1bn79ui author: nan title: ECR 2011 Book of Abstracts - A - Postgraduate Educational Programme date: 2011-03-01 words: 91224.0 sentences: 4805.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-000843-e1bn79ui.txt txt: ./txt/cord-000843-e1bn79ui.txt summary: The role of radiology includes (a) characterisation of sonographically indeterminate adnexal masses, (b) staging as guidance for surgery and treatment planning (including identification of sites of non optimal resectabilty) in suspected ovarian cancer, (c) assessment of recurrent disease, and (d) in selected cases image-guided biopsy. The association of multiple markers of structural and functional imaging (MRI and PET) and the use of advanced computational analysis techniques will allow better management of AD but it needs a broader validation and know the most efficient combination of biomarkers at each stage of the disease, including the preclinical period. Although the basic techniques for DCE-CT have been available for decades, more recently a range of technological advances have contributed to the greater applicability of perfusion CT in the clinical environment including wider CT detectors, shorter gantry rotation times, ''table-toggling'', radiation dose reduction and software corrections for image mis-registration due to respiratory or other patient motion. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3533621/ doi: 10.1007/s13244-011-0078-3 id: cord-001221-due9tloa author: nan title: ECR 2014, Part A date: 2014-02-27 words: 107848.0 sentences: 5493.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-001221-due9tloa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-001221-due9tloa.txt summary: In short: obtaining samples for making an accurate diagnosis and also to know more about its specific biology (biomarkers); IR covers any possibility needed for vascular access; percutaneous needle ablation is the best alternative in selected patients; endovascular embolisation with "vehiculisation" of therapies is an outstanding method for selective treatment, and sometimes precise ablation, of different tumors; IR is a unique way to offer palliation in a wide range of tumoral complications, such as embolisation for bleeding, stenting for vein obstructions or drainage of fluid collections. CT may be useful for osteoid osteoma and MRI is the best imaging technique for further diagnosis and staging by displaying tumour composition and extent of bone marrow involvement, including skip lesions, presence and extent of extraosseous soft tissue mass, and involvement of neurovascular bundle, muscle compartments and adjacent joint. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3948175/ doi: 10.1007/s13244-014-0316-6 id: cord-005105-twsy61oq author: nan title: SIU 2015 Abstracts date: 2015-09-21 words: 124096.0 sentences: 7584.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005105-twsy61oq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005105-twsy61oq.txt summary: Th e present study is based on a retrospective analysis of a database of over 600 patients (age range 17-57 years) who met the consensus criteria for bacterial prostatitis, 75% of whom had dysuria, 35% perineal discomfort, 60% had obstructive luts, 37% infertility of unknown etiology, 10% erectile dysfunction and 25% recurrent infection of the partner. Further research is needed to determine to assess whether localization of small volume disease on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT can improve diagnostic algorithms and outcomes in patients with recurrent PCa. Introduction and Objective: To assess long-term results of salvage pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) in prostate cancer (PC) patients (pts) with biochemical recurrence aft er primary local treatment and confi rmed solitary lymph node (LN) metastases. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7088373/ doi: 10.1007/s00345-015-1684-3 id: cord-005814-ak5pq312 author: nan title: 8th European Congress of Intensive Care Medicine Athens - Greece, October 18–22, 1995 Abstracts date: 1995 words: 179164.0 sentences: 12028.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt summary: Results: In 5 patients with treated SS, 16 tests were performed (VL n=8; Dobu n=4; NA n=4 Method: Septic shock was defined as severe sepsis with either persistent hypotension (mean arterial pressure; MAP<70 mmHg) or the requirement for a noradrenaline (NA) infusion ~> 0.1 ~g/kg/min with a MAP _< 90mmHg. Cardiovascular support was limited to NA + dobutamine (DB), 546C88 was administered for up to 8 h at a fixed dose-rate of either i, 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg/h iv. Methods: Fourteen cases were s~udied,their gestational age ranged from(27-32)ws.Continnous positive air way pressure was applied to six cases at Peep level from (3-6)cm H2o through nasal pronge,(group I),the other 8 cases were managed as routine,(group II).Blood gases, TcPO2,TcCo2,resp.rate,depth and pattern were monitored for assessment of tissue Oxygenation and ventilation, Results: Our rasults showed that early application of CPAP improve ventilation among (83.3%)of cases,while (16.7%)of cases need IMV.The cases of group II need IMV among (75%)of the studied cases during the second or the third day of life. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095534/ doi: 10.1007/bf02426401 id: cord-005816-i54q5gsu author: nan title: 10(th) European Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery: May 13–17, 2009 Antalya, Turkey date: 2009-08-06 words: 83124.0 sentences: 5617.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005816-i54q5gsu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005816-i54q5gsu.txt summary: Several factors such as the initial lack of symptoms, a low diagnostic sensitivity of the CT (34% false negatives), and the nonoperative management of solid organ injuries, have contributed to a delayed diagnosis in one of every five patients in our series, but this has not led to a significant increase in septic complications in this group. Method: The demographic features, the treatments, the intensity of the illness and mortality rate of the 155 patients in Afyon Kocatepe University General Surgery clinic between the years 2006 Background: Enterocutaneous fistula continues to be a serious surgical problem. Introduction: In our previous study, we examined the treatment results of burn patients older than 45 years, and found a significant increase in mortality with increasing age groups. Methods: Data on emergency surgical cases and admissions to the surgical service over a 3-month period were collected and analyzed; this included patient demographics, referral sources, diagnosis, operation, and length of stay (LOS Conclusion: Emergency workload represents a significant part of the work for the general surgeons. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095784/ doi: 10.1007/s00068-009-8001-z id: cord-005881-oswgjaxz author: nan title: Abstracts: 11(th) European Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery May 15–18, 2010 Brussels, Belgium date: 2010 words: 71955.0 sentences: 4561.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005881-oswgjaxz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005881-oswgjaxz.txt summary: Prospective case series with historical control group.(Level III) Results: Preliminary data indicate: *a shorter time on ventilator than anticipated (based on comparisson to historical data) * a shorter time on ICU * less pneumoniae * no intra-operative complications * good healing results of the rib fractures * no implant failures * acceptable pain scores * good overal satisfaction * acceptable cosmetic results Conclusion: Internal fixation of rib fractures (flair chest or multiple sequential fractures with pulmonary function compromise) results in a earlier recuperation of pulmonary function with shortened ICU stay. (Regional Association Sanitary Emergencies) Material and Methods: The ARES, whose members are about 600, all over the nation, is configured as an extraordinary health resource, activated by the National Civil Defence operations centre, in according with the Regional centre of Marche, in disater situations Results: The main objectives of ARES are training and organization of medical staff and structures and its growth crosses several missions including: AE Earthquake in Molise, 2002 Introduction: Cephalomedullary nails rely on a large lag screw that provides fixation into the femoral head. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095891/ doi: 10.1007/s00068-010-8888-z id: cord-006229-7yoilsho author: nan title: Abstracts of the 82(nd) Annual Meeting of the German Society for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (DGPT) and the 18(th) Annual Meeting of the Network Clinical Pharmacology Germany (VKliPha) in cooperation with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Angewandte Humanpharmakologie e.V. (AGAH) date: 2016-02-06 words: 133493.0 sentences: 6804.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006229-7yoilsho.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006229-7yoilsho.txt summary: It directly activates Protein Kinase A (PKA) or the Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) which is a guanine exchange factor (GEF) for the small monomeric GTPase Rap. As Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) express both cAMP effectors (Epac1 and PKA), we investigated the role of cAMP-signaling using a spheroid based sprouting assay as an in vitro model for angiogenesis. After activation, S1P receptors regulate important processes in the progression of renal diseases, such as mesangial cell migration Methods and Results: Here we demonstrate that dexamethasone treatment lowered S1P 1 mRNA and protein expression levels in rat mesangial cells measured by TaqMan® and Western blot analyses. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of IGFBP5 in cardiogenesis and cardiac remodeling and its role as a potential target for ameliorating stress-induced cardiac remodeling Methods and Results: We investigated the expression of Igfbp5 in murine cardiac tissue at different developmental stages by qPCR normalized to Tpt1 (Tumor Protein, Translationally-Controlled 1). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7100641/ doi: 10.1007/s00210-016-1213-y id: cord-006849-vgjz74ts author: nan title: 27th International Congress of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) Sevilla, Spain, 12–15 June 2019 date: 2019-09-13 words: 222162.0 sentences: 14023.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006849-vgjz74ts.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006849-vgjz74ts.txt summary: Methods: We are performing this procedures within a prospective randomized trial that is design to compare the long term results of LRYGB-B versus the standard laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.The video shows our technique in a case of a 46 years old female with a BMI of 46 Kg/m2. Material and methods: We present a video of the surgical intervention of a 32-year-old patient, with functional dyspepsia, with a casual diagnosis of a pseudocystic mass of the right colon after performing a CT scan: giant diverticulum of the hepatic colon angle with fecaloid content inside it under tension The patient goes to the emergency room for acute abdominal pain, pending colonoscopy, antibiotic treatment is established, and a laparoscopic approach is decided upon after the patient''s evolution. Method: We present the case of a 65-year-old patient with surgical antecedent of laparoscopic low anterior resection due to rectal cancer, presenting in postoperative period an anastomosis leakage with severe peritonitis was identified and a laparotomy with end colostomy was performed. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103177/ doi: 10.1007/s00464-019-07109-x id: cord-009997-oecpqf1j author: nan title: 2018 ASPHO ABSTRACTS date: 2018-03-31 words: 182060.0 sentences: 10342.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-009997-oecpqf1j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-009997-oecpqf1j.txt summary: Completed cranial radiation and proceeded to allogeneic stem cell transplant with unrelated cord marrow donor and is disease free at approximately day +200.Case 2: 5 year-old female diagnosed with FLT3 and MLL negative AML and completed treatment per COG AAML1031 study on the low risk arm without Bortezomib. Design/Method: This study was a retrospective chart review that included patients 3 to 23 years old with sickle cell disease type SS and S 0 followed at St. Christopher''s Hospital for Children. Background: Hydroxyurea, chronic blood transfusion, and bone marrow transplantation can reduce complications, and improve survival in sickle cell disease (SCD), but are associated with a significant decisional dilemma because of the inherent risk-benefit tradeoffs, and the lack of comparative studies. Brown University -Hasbro Children''s Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States Background: Despite clinical advances in the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD) in pediatric and young adult patients, pain remains a significant source of disease-related morbidity. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7167873/ doi: 10.1002/pbc.27057 id: cord-010078-8lkkez3n author: nan title: Invited Speakers date: 2010-11-24 words: 21351.0 sentences: 1012.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-010078-8lkkez3n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010078-8lkkez3n.txt summary: Both modes of imaging discriminate early malignant lesions from non-specifi c infl ammation, aid in selecting appropriate sites for biopsy and better delineate tumor margins for more precise staging, but are of little value at present in clinical practice since most patients with malignant pleural effusions have extensive pleural involvement that is easy to diagnose with white light pleuroscopy For pleuroscopic guided pleural biopsies, specimens obtained with the rigid forceps are larger than those with the fl ex-rigid pleuroscope since they are limited by size of the fl exible forceps, which in turn depends on the diameter of the working channel. In the United Kingdom, a thrombosis group has been formed to promote awareness among parliamentarians about the risk and management of VTE; to increase knowledge of its causes, effects, and treatments; and to monitor the implementation of government initiatives and other researches being and this program has corrected the wrong perception that PTE is a rare disease in China Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or interstitial lung diseases (ILD). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7169233/ doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2010.01863.x id: cord-010980-sizuef1v author: nan title: ECTES Abstracts 2020 date: 2020-05-11 words: 132644.0 sentences: 8727.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt summary: We hypothesized that presentation to a PTC would yield increased mortality when subspecialty intervention was required and that this would be most pronounced at night when in-house attending coverage is absent at all state PTCs. Materials and methods: A review of the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcome Study (PTOS) database was performed to capture patients aged 12-18 who underwent any non-orthopedic trauma surgery. Traumatic subaxial cervical fractures: functional prognostic factors and survival analysis Introduction: The main goal of this study is to identify the risk factors for poor functional outcomes and to analyze the overall survival (OS) and complications rate in patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) and subaxial cervical fracture (SACF) treated with open surgical fixation. After applying a multiple imputation on all the study variables, a logistic regression generalized estimating equation after adjustment for age, sex, mechanism of trauma, and the injury severity score as covariates and hospitals as a cluster assessed an association between quartile of patient volume in intensive care unit and hospital mortality. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223217/ doi: 10.1007/s00068-020-01343-y id: cord-015334-8p124rwp author: nan title: ESCP 36th European Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy ‘Implementing Clinical Pharmacy in Community and Hospital Settings: Sharing the Experience’, Istanbul, Turkey 25–27 October 2007; Abstracts date: 2008-06-11 words: 51143.0 sentences: 3291.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-015334-8p124rwp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-015334-8p124rwp.txt summary: Based on the results of the pharmacoeconomic analysis, development of clinical pharmacy and CIVAS for some drugs will be discussed with the paediatric department Background and Objective: Studies show that up to 38% of patients starting treatment with antidepressants fill only a single prescription at the pharmacy, apparently not accepting treatment. Main Outcome Measures: Data collected were: nurses'' profile (age, length of service, competencies'' self-assessment), knowledge on drugs prescribed to their patients (usage, administration, side-effects, drug interactions…), use of existing tools (i.e. drugs database) and possible tools to be developed by the pharmacy ward to help them in their daily practice. The objectives were:(1)To identify the most relevant minor ailments, agreeing on the specific criteria for referral to the GP.(2)To select the non-prescription drugs, with evidence of safety and effectiveness, for the treatment of the identified minor ailments Design: Qualitative study with an expert panel which was made up of 2 primary care physician from SEMFYC and six community pharmacists (two members of SEFAC and four members of GIAF-UGR). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7102062/ doi: 10.1007/s11096-008-9226-3 id: cord-015368-a0qz4tb9 author: nan title: 48th Annual Meeting of the Austrian Society of Surgery, Graz, June 7–9, 2007 date: 2007 words: 86620.0 sentences: 6042.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-015368-a0qz4tb9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-015368-a0qz4tb9.txt summary: Surgical treatment and evaluation, complications, short and long term patency of our patients were compared to interventional techniques and international literature. The aim of the study was to investigate: i) relevant and combined determinants of the development, management and outcome of a representative patient cohort (n ¼ 9.991) with acute appendicitis enrolled in a prospective unicenter study through a time period of 27 years (middle Europe), and ii) the frequency and impact of specific categories (e.g., characteristics of the medical history, clinical and intraoperative findings, complications), correlation and relative risk factors of the disease and its prognosis. From 01=1997 until 12=2006 198 TEM procedures were performed in 194 patients, 104 males, 90 females, mean age was 68.9 years (38-91), the median hospital stay was 8 days . No conversion to open technique had to be performed, no postoperative surgical complications were observed, one patient died 4 weeks postoperative due to liver failure following esophageal varices bleeding. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103188/ doi: 10.1007/s10353-007-0330-8 id: cord-015369-72cjogxz author: nan title: 50th Annual Meeting of the Austrian Society of Surgery. Vienna, June 18–20, 2009. Guest Editors: Albert Tuchmann, Erhard Schwanzer, Benedikt Walzel date: 2009 words: 71071.0 sentences: 7094.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-015369-72cjogxz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-015369-72cjogxz.txt summary: Bei 2 Patienten wurde wegen eines Rezidivs eine neuerliche RFT mit liver packing notwendig, 5 Patienten wurden ohne Packing ein zweites mal abladiert und ein Patient unterzog sich einer linksseitigen Hemihepatektomie nach rechtsseitiger Ablation. Das laparoskopische Liver Packing ermöglicht eine ablative Therapie der Leber in Patienten, die mit den herkömmlichen Möglichkeiten nicht lokal therapierbar sind. Zusammenfassend lässt sich anhand der hier vorliegenden Studie zeigen, dass die Therapie von VSM mittels ELT mit 1470-nm-Diodenlaser und Radialfaser eine sowohl minimalinvasive als auch sichere und effiziente Therapieoption darstellt und eine hohe frühzeitige Erfolgsrate bei niedrigem Schmerzniveau aufweist.In weiteren Studien muss geprueft werden, ob aehnlich gute Resultate auch bei weiterer Absenkung des Energienivaus zu erreichen sind. Patients who underwent R0 resection for colon and rectal cancer during the period 1995-2000 showed a significantly improved 5-year survival rate compared to those operated on between 1991 and 1995. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103189/ doi: 10.1007/s10353-009-0461-1 id: cord-019347-tj3ye1mx author: nan title: ABSTRACT BOOK date: 2010-02-19 words: 107926.0 sentences: 6940.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-019347-tj3ye1mx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-019347-tj3ye1mx.txt summary: Method:Case Report:A 15y/o w/f athlete presented with a two month history of recurrent hives and angioedema which she associated with ingestion of Halloween candy .One week before evaluation she had hives with Coconut as well.Her history was othewise unremarkable except for recurrent UTI''S, annual sinusitis, pneumonia in 1998 as well as migraines.She denied sexual activity.Her physical exam was normal.Results:An evaluation for autoimmune disease revealed normal ESR, ANA, DSDNA, mono and hepatitis serology as well as lyme titers however her CH50 was low17u/ml(normal 26-58U/ml)and evaluation of complement revealed c4 14mg/dl(normal 16-47mg//dl)and c2 <1.3mg/dl(normal 1.6-3.5mg/dl)with normal c3, c5-c9.Her father had nor-malc4 but c2 was 1.4mg/dl (normal 1.6-3.5mg/dl)Her sister had c2 of 1.5mg/dl and normal c4 and her mother had normal c2 and c4.Her workup included positive prick skin test to ragweed, ash and grass and she was started on Rhinocort and Clarinex seasonally.She has been followed for one year with resolution of hives and is asymptomatic.Her diagnosis had been confirmed by a pediatric rheumatologist.Conclusion;We present an atypical case of C2 complement deficiency in an currently asymptomatic individual. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7129269/ doi: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)61294-x id: cord-021713-e0hzcag6 author: nan title: Ribavirin date: 2015-10-21 words: 10899.0 sentences: 501.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-021713-e0hzcag6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-021713-e0hzcag6.txt summary: A 38-year-old man developed ischemic optic neuropathy after taking ribavirin 800 mg/day þ peginterferon alfa for 6 months; his visual acuity and field defect failed to improve despite withdrawal of interferon and therapy with high dose systemic steroids [46] . Type 1 diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease reportedly develop in 0.08-2.6% and 10-15% of patients treated with combined interferon-alfa þ ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C, but rarely coexist; however, both conditions have been reported in a 33-year-old woman [65] . A 49-year-old man who took long-term ribavirin þ peginterferon alfa for chronic hepatitis C developed an autoimmune hemolytic anemia after 56 weeks of therapy and required transfusion and withdrawal of both agents [67] . In a randomized controlled trial of high-dose interferon alfa-2b plus oral ribavirin for 6 or 12 months in 50 patients with chronic hepatitis C, the sequential effects of treatment on hemoglobin, leukocytes, and platelets were recorded [78] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7151912/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53717-1.01403-7 id: cord-022555-a7ie82fs author: nan title: Digestive System, Liver, and Abdominal Cavity date: 2011-12-05 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7158306/ doi: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-0660-4.00023-5 id: cord-022650-phsr10jp author: nan title: Abstracts TPS date: 2018-08-14 words: 119675.0 sentences: 7010.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022650-phsr10jp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022650-phsr10jp.txt summary: 0685 | Skin prick test reactivity to aeroallergens in adult allergy clinic in a tertiary hospital: a 12-year retrospective study Results: Five different human sera were screened for specific IgE level against 29 different allergen sources using test methods of three different suppliers. Conclusion: This multicenter prospective study confirmed that stepwise single-dose OFC to egg will help to clarify the severity of egg allergy, and will contribute to improved food allergy manageMethod: The study design was a retrospective cohort study extracting data from the electronic chart of children older than 4 years who visited our out-patient clinic for egg or milk allergy and who underwent an oral food challenge test (OFC) twice within 24 months between November 2013 and December 2017. Results: In the base case analysis, using Italy clinical practice patients with moderate-to severe allergic rhino-conjunctivitis (SS ranging from 6 to 15 points) and a mean age at entry of 21 years, both SCIT and SLIT were associated with increased cost but superior efficacy compared to pharmacotherapy alone. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7159469/ doi: 10.1111/all.13539 id: cord-022653-qa1uph35 author: nan title: Poster Discussion Session PDS date: 2017-08-30 words: 58292.0 sentences: 3300.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022653-qa1uph35.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022653-qa1uph35.txt summary: 0206 | G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) regulates endothelial permeability induced by Bradykinin 0208 | Pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of c1 esterase inhibitor of chronic urticaria challenges most commonly identified were the following: time of onset of disease; frequency/duration of and provoking factors for wheals; diurnal variation; occurrence in relation to weekends, holidays, and foreign travel; shape, size, and distribution of wheals; associated angioedema; associated subjective symptoms of lesions; family and personal history regarding urticaria, atopy; previous or current allergies, infections, internal diseases, or other possible causes; psychosomatic and psychiatric diseases; surgical implantations and events during surgery; gastric/ intestinal problems; induction by physical agents or exercise; use of drugs; food allergies; relationship to the menstrual cycle; smoking habits; type of work, hobbies; stress; quality of life and emotional impact; previous therapy and response to therapy, and previous diagnostic procedures/results. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7159476/ doi: 10.1111/all.13251 id: cord-022940-atbjwpo5 author: nan title: Poster Sessions date: 2016-09-07 words: 241182.0 sentences: 12746.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022940-atbjwpo5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022940-atbjwpo5.txt summary: We have studied the effect of inhibition of IRE1 (inositol requiring enzyme 1), which is a central mediator of endoplasmic reticulum stress and controls cell proliferation and tumor growth, on hypoxic regulation of the expression of different proliferation related genes in U87 glioma cells. Transient inhibition of Akt and mTOR protein kinase activation in tumor cells followed by reactivation of signaling pathway did not result in a time-dependent difference on EGFR, HER2 and HER3 expression levels. In our study we aimed to determine cytotoxic effect of RES in K562 human CML cell line and to evaluate the expressions of miRNAs that are associated with genetics of leukemia after treatment with RES; to investigate target genes of miRNAs which show significant expression alterations and molecular mechanisms of RES treatment. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7164006/ doi: 10.1111/febs.13808 id: cord-023095-4dannjjm author: nan title: Research Abstract Program of the 2011 ACVIM Forum Denver, Colorado, June 15–18, 2011 date: 2011-05-03 words: 134226.0 sentences: 6834.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-023095-4dannjjm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023095-4dannjjm.txt summary: The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term effects of ivabradine on heart rate (HR), blood pressure, left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function, left atrial (LA) performance, and clinical tolerance in healthy cats after repeated oral doses. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between heart rate and ECG time intervals to body mass in apparently healthy horses and ponies and to calculate normal ranges for different weight groups. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypercoagulability in PLN dogs based on thromboelastography (TEG), and to determine whether hypercoagulability in these patients could be predicted by clinical assessments that identify systemic hypertension (systolic blood pressure 4 160 mmHg), hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin o 2.7 mg/dl), antithrombin activity (o 70%), and degree of proteinuria (urine protein:creatinine ratio [UPC] ! abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7166756/ doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0726.x id: cord-034340-3ksfpaf7 author: nan title: Proceedings of the 26th European Paediatric Rheumatology Congress: part 2: Virtual. 23 - 26 September 2020 date: 2020-10-28 words: 35088.0 sentences: 2148.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034340-3ksfpaf7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034340-3ksfpaf7.txt summary: Objectives: The current study was undertaken to evaluate sociodemographic and sociocultural features, parent behavior, the gestation and breastfeeding period, nutritional status of early childhood in our patients with JIA, and to determine their relationship with disease activity, damage index, remission time, and relapse rate. Methods: In the present study were included data 170 JIA(55 boys and 115 girls)aged from 2 to 17 years,who received scheduled vaccination before the age of 2 years and before JIA onset against measles,parotitis,diphtheria and rubella.Incomplete vaccination means the reduced number of vaccine to age.In all patients the Ig G anti-vaccine antibodies levels were detected with ELISA.JIA categories were:oligoarthritis -73,polyarthritis -61,systemic-16 and enthesitisrelated arthritis-20.Data presented with median and 25%>75% Results: Incomplete vaccination against MMR was in 50 (42%)diphtheria in 85 (50%) of the JIA patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7592179/ doi: 10.1186/s12969-020-00470-5 id: cord-265848-afkeuwup author: nan title: Chapter 2 Emergency Management of Poisoning date: 2007-12-31 words: 27412.0 sentences: 1589.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265848-afkeuwup.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265848-afkeuwup.txt summary: With the use of drugs having a short duration of action, RSI also is advantageous because it is a measure that permits temporary airway control for the patient with mildly compromised airway reflexes who requires gastrointestinal decontamination (lavage followed by activated charcoal administration) but who does not require prolonged intubation. The management of gastrointestinal disturbance in the toxic patient includes following the general principles of blood, fluid, and electrolyte resuscitation, when indicated; judicious use of parenteral antiemetics to control persistent vomiting; specific measures such as antidotal therapy (e.g., in iron or organophosphate poisoning); or interventional therapy, such as charcoal hemoperfusion (in theophylline overdose) or hemodialysis (in lithium overdose), when indicated. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780721606934500074 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-7216-0693-4.50007-4 id: cord-350571-6tapkjb6 author: nan title: 45th ESCP-NSF international symposium on clinical pharmacy: clinical pharmacy tackling inequalities and access to health care. Oslo, Norway, 5–7 October 2016 date: 2017-01-10 words: 106013.0 sentences: 6203.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350571-6tapkjb6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350571-6tapkjb6.txt summary: Possible solutions might be to use shared communication tools like Internet based communication programs and to introduce the patient as a participant at the IMRs. Please specify your abstract type: Research abstract Background and objective: International good pharmacy practice guidelines describe how pharmacists should counsel the patients about their medicines, offer additional services where needed, and intervene at drug related problems. Please specify your abstract type: Descriptive abstract (for projects) Background and objective: In order to improve the medication reconciliation and to implement training programs for the medical team in an associated to general hospital nursing (ASNH) home we measured the discrepancies between pharmacy registered treatments (PRT) and medical prescriptions (MP), and we analysed potentially inappropriate prescriptions according to ''''American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria'''' and ''''STOPP-START 2014 criteria. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28074393/ doi: 10.1007/s11096-016-0404-4 id: cord-262551-hxhlhb5m author: van der Gronde, Toon title: Toward a New Model of Understanding, Preventing, and Treating Adolescent Depression Focusing on Exhaustion and Stress date: 2020-05-06 words: 5752.0 sentences: 319.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262551-hxhlhb5m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262551-hxhlhb5m.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: We propose to open up a symptom-based, mood-centered view to a model in which adolescent depression is framed as a consecutive failure of stress coping mechanisms and chronic exhaustion. We offer an alternative integrated approach for the treatment of adolescent and young adult depression by focusing on stress factors and exhaustion reduction, seeing anhedonia and withdrawal as an evolutionary coping mechanism. Reframing depression and shifting clinical practice to a more comprehensive and integrated look at the individual experience of a patient, including all causes for stress, pressure, and exhaustion, might be more helpful in developing promising treatment strategies. Using a combination of treatment modalities could increase therapeutic effectiveness by improving the pace of learning new coping behaviors, exerting a synergistic impact on the developmental perspective, and breaking the downward spiral of stress and exhaustion, which eventually leads to a reduction of the depression symptoms. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Adolescent depression is a heterogeneous disorder, with a wide variety of symptoms and inconsistent treatment response, and is not completely understood. A dysregulated stress system is a consistent finding, however, and exhaustion is a consistent trait in adolescent patients. The aim of this paper is to critically assess current hypotheses in adolescent depression research and reframe causes and treatment approaches. METHODS: A mixed-method approach involved a review based on publications from PubMed, Embase and PsycInfo, and two exemplary adolescent cases. RESULTS: Both cases show a spiral of stress and exhaustion, but with a different profile of symptoms and coping mechanisms. Reframing both cases from the perspective of coping behavior, searching for the sources of experienced stress and exhaustion, showed coping similarities. This proved essential in the successful personalized treatment and recovery process. In combination with recent evidence, both cases support the functional reframing of depression as the outcome of a stress- and exhaustion-related spiralling mechanism. CONCLUSIONS: We propose to open up a symptom-based, mood-centered view to a model in which adolescent depression is framed as a consecutive failure of stress coping mechanisms and chronic exhaustion. Addressing exhaustion and coping primarily as a treatment strategy in adolescents and young adults might work in synergy with existing treatments and improve overall outcomes. This perspective warrants further investigation. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00412 doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00412 id: cord-309424-sfyagtl6 author: von Euler, H title: Cell proliferation and apoptosis in rat mammary cancer after electrochemical treatment (EChT) date: 2004-04-30 words: 4770.0 sentences: 278.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309424-sfyagtl6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309424-sfyagtl6.txt summary: title: Cell proliferation and apoptosis in rat mammary cancer after electrochemical treatment (EChT) The aim of this study was to see if similar results regarding cell morphology, proliferation and induction of apoptosis could be achieved after EChT in vivo and if any differences between the electrode polarity, coulomb given and duration after treatment could be detected. Moreover, nine positive controls (tumour cells inoculated and electrodes inserted but no electric treatment; three rats for each time period) and three negative controls; one for each time period (as for pos controls but only RPMI 1640 injected) were included in the study, making the total number of rats 36. After EChT an induction of apoptosis was found in the anodic treated areas at the border of destruction compared to both the untreated control as well as the cathode groups. abstract: Abstract Background: Several authors have recently reported encouraging results from Electrochemical treatment (EChT) in malignant tumours. However, EChT is not established and mechanisms are not completely understood. In vivo studies were conducted to evaluate the toxic changes and effectiveness of EChT on an animal tumour model. Methods: Tumours were induced by injecting cells from the R3230AC rat mammary tumour cell line clone D subcutaneously, in 28 female Fischer 344 rats. EChT was conducted by inserting a platinum electrode into the tumours. The positive and negative control groups were subjected to the same conditions but without current. The rats were kept for 0, 7 or 14 days post-treatment. Three hours prior to euthanasia an i.p. injection of Bromodioxyuridine (BrdU) was given. The rats were euthanized, the lesions extirpated and samples were collected for histopathological, and immunohistochemical examination. Results: Significant changes in cell proliferation rate were seen both in the cathode and anode regions. Apoptosis were induced in the anodic treated area outside the primary necrosis, detected with the TUNEL method. Discussion: The results suggest that secondary cell destruction was caused by necrosis with cathodic EChT and apoptosis or necrosis with anodic EChT. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14990326/ doi: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2003.10.008 id: cord-313894-stgx36h5 author: Ürün, Yüksel title: Survey of the Impact of COVID-19 on Oncologists’ Decision Making in Cancer date: 2020-08-05 words: 4279.0 sentences: 270.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313894-stgx36h5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313894-stgx36h5.txt summary: PURPOSE: To understand readiness measures taken by oncologists to protect patients and health care workers from the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and how their clinical decision making was influenced by the pandemic. In addition, the survey tool included questions regarding attitudes of medical oncologists around patient risk factors (age, performance status, comorbidities), administration of types of antineoplastic therapy (cytotoxic therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy), and use of therapy in differing settings (neoadjuvant, adjuvant v metastatic). Regarding perceptions about the safety of antineoplastic therapy, hormonal treatments and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were considered to be relatively safe, but cytotoxic chemotherapy and immune therapies CONTEXT Key Objective Does COVID-19 influence the decision-making process of oncologists? Likewise, neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and first-line metastatic disease was less affected, but most of the participants stated that they would be more reluctant to recommend second-or third-line therapies in the metastatic setting Relevance During the pandemic, the decision-making process of oncologists is significantly affected. abstract: PURPOSE: To understand readiness measures taken by oncologists to protect patients and health care workers from the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and how their clinical decision making was influenced by the pandemic. METHODS: An online survey was conducted between March 24 and April 29, 2020. RESULTS: A total of 343 oncologists from 28 countries participated. The median age was 43 years (range, 29-68 years), and the majority were male (62%). At the time of the survey, nearly all participants self-reported an outbreak in their country (99.7%). Personal protective equipment was available to all participants, of which surgical mask was the most common (n = 308; 90%). Telemedicine, in the form of phone or video encounters, was common and implemented by 80% (n = 273). Testing patients with cancer for COVID-19 via reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction before systemic treatment was not routinely implemented: 58% reported no routine testing, 39% performed testing in selected patients, and 3% performed systematic testing in all patients. The most significant factors influencing an oncologist’s decision making regarding choice of systemic therapy included patient age and comorbidities (81% and 92%, respectively). Although hormonal treatments and tyrosine kinase inhibitors were considered to be relatively safe, cytotoxic chemotherapy and immune therapies were perceived as being less safe or unsafe by participants. The vast majority of participants stated that during the pandemic they would use less chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and steroids. Although treatment in neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and first-line metastatic disease was less affected, most of the participants stated that they would be more hesitant to recommend second- or third-line therapies in metastatic disease. CONCLUSION: Decision making by oncologists has been significantly influenced by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32755479/ doi: 10.1200/go.20.00300 ==== make-pages.sh questions [ERIC WAS HERE] ==== make-pages.sh search /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/make-pages.sh: line 77: /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm: No such file or directory Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/tsv2htm-search.py", line 51, in with open( TEMPLATE, 'r' ) as handle : htm = handle.read() FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm' ==== make-pages.sh topic modeling corpus Zipping study carrel