id sid tid token lemma pos cord-316626-258rbcwb 1 1 key key NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 1 2 : : : cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 1 cord-316626 cord-316626 NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 2 - - HYPH cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 3 258rbcwb 258rbcwb CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 4 authors author NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 5 : : : cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 6 Serpa Serpa NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 7 Neto Neto NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 8 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 9 Ary Ary NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 10 ; ; : cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 11 Hodgson Hodgson NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 12 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 13 Carol Carol NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 14 title title NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 15 : : : cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 16 Will Will MD cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 17 Evidence evidence NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 18 - - HYPH cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 19 based base VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 20 Medicine Medicine NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 21 Survive survive VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 22 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 23 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 24 Pandemic Pandemic NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 25 ? ? . cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 26 date date NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 27 : : : cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 28 2020 2020 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 29 - - HYPH cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 30 09 09 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 31 - - SYM cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 32 17 17 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 33 journal journal NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 34 : : : cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 35 Ann Ann NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 36 Am Am NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 37 Thorac Thorac NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 38 Soc Soc NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 39 DOI DOI NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 40 : : : cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 41 10.1513 10.1513 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 42 / / SYM cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 43 annalsats.202006 annalsats.202006 NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 44 - - HYPH cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 45 587ed 587ed NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 46 sha sha NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 47 : : : cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 48 a035066298674cb37cc294a2f37b883ebf5f852c a035066298674cb37cc294a2f37b883ebf5f852c NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 49 doc_id doc_id CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 2 50 : : : cord-316626-258rbcwb 3 1 316626 316626 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 3 2 cord_uid cord_uid NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 3 3 : : : cord-316626-258rbcwb 4 1 258rbcwb 258rbcwb NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 4 2 nan nan NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 5 1 While while IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 5 2 mankind mankind NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 5 3 is be VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 5 4 facing face VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 5 5 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 5 6 worst bad JJS cord-316626-258rbcwb 5 7 global global JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 5 8 healthcare healthcare NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 5 9 crisis crisis NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 5 10 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 5 11 this this DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 5 12 century century NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 5 13 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 5 14 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-316626-258rbcwb 5 15 use use NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 5 16 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 5 17 evidence evidence NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 5 18 - - HYPH cord-316626-258rbcwb 5 19 based base VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 5 20 medicine medicine NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 5 21 has have VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 5 22 suffered suffer VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 5 23 major major JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 5 24 setbacks setback NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 5 25 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 1 As as IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 2 recently recently RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 3 discussed discuss VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 5 1 1 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 7 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 8 social social JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 9 network network NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 10 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 11 television television NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 12 shows show NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 13 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 14 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 15 other other JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 16 media medium NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 17 platforms platform NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 18 have have VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 19 been be VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 20 flooded flood VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 21 by by IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 22 " " `` cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 23 experts expert NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 24 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 25 " " '' cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 26 who who WP cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 27 have have VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 28 voiced voice VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 29 strong strong JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 30 opinions opinion NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 31 on on IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 32 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 33 treatment treatment NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 34 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 35 patients patient NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 36 with with IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 37 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 38 disease disease NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 6 39 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 1 In in IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 2 this this DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 3 setting setting NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 4 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 5 hydroxychloroquine hydroxychloroquine NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 6 has have VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 7 been be VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 8 portrayed portray VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 9 as as IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 10 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 11 potential potential JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 12 lifesaving lifesaving JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 13 drug drug NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 14 in in IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 15 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 16 current current JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 17 pandemic pandemic NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 18 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 19 mainly mainly RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 20 based base VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 21 on on IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 22 opinion opinion NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 23 or or CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 24 results result NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 25 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 26 small small JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 27 clinical clinical JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 28 studies study NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 29 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 30 uncontrolled uncontrolled JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 31 experiments experiment NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 33 2 2 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 34 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 35 3 3 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 7 37 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 8 1 One one CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 8 2 common common JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 8 3 argument argument NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 8 4 for for IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 8 5 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 8 6 use use NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 8 7 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 8 8 an an DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 8 9 untested untested JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 8 10 intervention intervention NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 8 11 during during IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 8 12 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 8 13 pandemic pandemic NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 8 14 is be VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 8 15 that that IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 8 16 " " `` cord-316626-258rbcwb 8 17 we -PRON- PRP cord-316626-258rbcwb 8 18 must must MD cord-316626-258rbcwb 8 19 do do VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 8 20 something something NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 8 21 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 9 1 " " `` cord-316626-258rbcwb 9 2 This this DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 9 3 may may MD cord-316626-258rbcwb 9 4 be be VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 9 5 dangerous dangerous JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 9 6 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 9 7 abandons abandon VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 9 8 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 9 9 principles principle NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 9 10 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 9 11 evidence evidence NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 9 12 - - HYPH cord-316626-258rbcwb 9 13 based base VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 9 14 medicine medicine NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 9 15 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 2 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 3 physicians physician NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 4 using use VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 5 an an DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 6 untested untested JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 7 intervention intervention NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 8 at at IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 9 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 10 bedside bedside NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 11 may may MD cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 12 suffer suffer VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 13 from from IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 14 attribution attribution NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 15 bias bias NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 16 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 17 which which WDT cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 18 is be VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 19 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 20 selective selective JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 21 observation observation NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 22 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 23 favorable favorable JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 24 effects effect NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 25 attributed attribute VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 26 to to IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 27 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 28 intervention intervention NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 29 that that WDT cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 30 lead lead VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 31 to to IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 32 undue undue JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 33 confidence confidence NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 34 in in IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 35 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 36 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 10 37 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 1 The the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 2 other other JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 3 available available JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 4 possibilities possibility NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 5 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 6 such such JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 7 as as IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 8 harm harm NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 9 resulting result VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 10 from from IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 11 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 12 direct direct JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 13 use use NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 14 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 15 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 16 intervention intervention NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 17 or or CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 18 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 19 good good JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 20 recovery recovery NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 21 independent independent JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 22 from from IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 24 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 25 can can MD cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 26 only only RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 27 be be VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 28 drawn draw VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 29 with with IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 30 well well RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 31 - - HYPH cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 32 conducted conduct VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 33 clinical clinical JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 34 trials trial NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 11 35 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 1 At at IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 2 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 3 time time NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 4 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 5 writing write VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 6 this this DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 7 editorial editorial NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 8 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 9 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 10 use use NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 11 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 12 hydroxychloroquine hydroxychloroquine NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 13 for for IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 14 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 15 is be VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 16 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 17 clear clear JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 18 example example NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 19 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 20 practice practice NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 21 changing change VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 22 despite despite IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 23 limited limited JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 24 evidence evidence NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 25 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 26 support support VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 27 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 28 use use NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 12 29 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 1 Hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 2 has have VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 3 failed fail VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 4 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 5 prove prove VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 6 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 7 in in IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 8 trials trial NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 9 when when WRB cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 10 used use VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 11 as as IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 12 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 13 potential potential JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 14 treatment treatment NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 15 for for IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 16 previous previous JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 17 viral viral JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 18 diseases disease NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 20 4 4 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 23 5 5 LS cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 26 6 6 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 13 28 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 2 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 3 in in IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 4 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 5 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 6 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 7 available available JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 8 evidence evidence NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 9 points point VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 10 toward toward IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 11 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 12 neutral neutral JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 13 effect effect NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 14 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 15 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 16 drug drug NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 18 7 7 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 19 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 20 8) 8) NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 21 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 22 with with IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 23 some some DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 24 studies study NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 25 suggesting suggest VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 26 harm harm NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 28 9 9 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 14 30 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 2 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 3 to to IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 4 date date NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 5 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 6 there there EX cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 7 are be VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 8 no no DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 9 well well RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 10 - - HYPH cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 11 powered power VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 12 randomized randomized JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 13 clinical clinical JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 14 trials trial NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 15 testing test VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 16 hydroxychloroquine hydroxychloroquine NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 17 in in IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 18 this this DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 19 group group NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 20 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 21 patients patient NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 22 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 23 inform inform VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 24 safety safety NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 25 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 26 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 15 27 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 16 1 In in IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 16 2 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 16 3 face face NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 16 4 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 16 5 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 16 6 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 16 7 pandemic pandemic NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 16 8 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 16 9 it -PRON- PRP cord-316626-258rbcwb 16 10 is be VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 16 11 understandable understandable JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 16 12 that that IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 16 13 physicians physician NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 16 14 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 16 15 patients patient NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 16 16 are be VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 16 17 scared scared JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 16 18 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 16 19 overwhelmed overwhelmed JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 16 20 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 16 21 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 16 22 want want VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 16 23 quick quick JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 16 24 answers answer NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 16 25 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 1 There there EX cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 2 are be VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 3 concerns concern NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 4 about about IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 5 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 6 time time NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 7 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 8 complete complete VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 9 randomized randomized JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 10 clinical clinical JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 11 trials trial NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 12 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 13 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 14 this this DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 15 is be VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 16 used use VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 17 as as IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 18 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 19 justification justification NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 20 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 21 accept accept VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 22 anecdotal anecdotal JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 23 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 24 low low JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 25 levels level NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 26 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 27 evidence evidence NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 17 28 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 18 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 18 2 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 18 3 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 18 4 traditional traditional JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 18 5 approach approach NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 18 6 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 18 7 validate validate VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 18 8 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 18 9 new new JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 18 10 treatment treatment NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 18 11 is be VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 18 12 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 18 13 complete complete VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 18 14 lengthy lengthy JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 18 15 phase phase NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 19 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-316626-258rbcwb 19 2 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 19 3 II II NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 19 4 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 19 5 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 19 6 III III NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 19 7 studies study NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 19 8 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 1 One one CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 2 major major JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 3 challenge challenge NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 4 during during IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 5 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 6 pandemic pandemic NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 7 is be VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 8 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 9 design design VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 10 clinical clinical JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 11 trials trial NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 12 that that WDT cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 13 can can MD cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 14 mitigate mitigate VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 15 these these DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 16 concerns concern NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 17 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 18 quickly quickly RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 19 identify identify VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 20 effective effective JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 21 or or CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 22 harmful harmful JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 23 interventions intervention NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 24 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 25 improve improve VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 26 patient patient JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 27 outcomes outcome NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 20 28 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 21 1 Careful careful JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 21 2 consideration consideration NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 21 3 is be VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 21 4 required require VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 21 5 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 21 6 optimize optimize VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 21 7 trial trial NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 21 8 design design NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 21 9 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 21 10 achieve achieve VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 21 11 this this DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 21 12 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 21 13 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 21 14 several several JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 21 15 novel novel JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 21 16 trial trial NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 21 17 designs design NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 21 18 are be VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 21 19 available available JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 21 20 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 21 21 could could MD cord-316626-258rbcwb 21 22 be be VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 21 23 considered consider VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 21 24 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 1 These these DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 2 include include VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 3 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 4 sequential sequential JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 5 designs design NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 6 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 7 responseadaptive responseadaptive JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 8 randomization randomization NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 9 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 10 historical historical JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 11 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 12 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 13 borrowing borrowing NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 14 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 15 multistage multistage NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 16 multiarm multiarm NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 17 trials trial NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 18 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 19 shared share VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 20 controls control NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 21 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 22 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 23 strategies strategy NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 24 that that WDT cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 25 aim aim VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 26 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 27 " " `` cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 28 pick pick VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 29 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 30 winner winner NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 31 " " `` cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 32 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 33 identify identify VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 34 early early RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 35 which which WDT cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 36 treatments treatment NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 37 are be VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 38 effective effective JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 22 39 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 23 1 A a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 23 2 good good JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 23 3 example example NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 23 4 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 23 5 trial trial NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 23 6 design design NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 23 7 that that WDT cord-316626-258rbcwb 23 8 allows allow VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 23 9 this this DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 23 10 flexibility flexibility NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 23 11 is be VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 23 12 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 23 13 design design NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 23 14 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 1 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 2 trials trial NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 3 allow allow VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 4 evidence evidence NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 5 about about IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 6 treatment treatment NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 7 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 8 be be VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 9 continually continually RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 10 updated update VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 11 with with IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 12 new new JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 13 information information NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 14 as as IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 16 becomes become VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 17 available available JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 18 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 19 maintaining maintain VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 20 trial trial NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 21 integrity integrity NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 23 10 10 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 26 11 11 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 29 12 12 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 24 31 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 1 Another another DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 2 benefit benefit NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 3 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 4 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 5 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 6 approach approach NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 7 is be VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 8 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 9 estimate estimate VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 10 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 11 probability probability NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 12 that that IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 13 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 14 treatment treatment NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 15 is be VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 16 effective effective JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 17 rather rather RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 18 than than IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 19 focus focus VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 20 on on IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 21 whether whether IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 22 it -PRON- PRP cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 23 is be VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 24 effective effective JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 25 or or CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 26 not not RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 27 according accord VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 28 to to IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 29 P p NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 30 values value NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 25 31 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 1 Frequentist frequentist JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 2 classical classical JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 3 trials trial NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 4 rely rely VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 5 on on IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 6 previous previous JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 7 knowledge knowledge NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 8 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 9 calculate calculate VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 10 sample sample NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 11 size size NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 12 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 13 define define VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 14 features feature NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 15 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 16 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 17 study study NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 18 according accord VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 19 to to IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 20 known know VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 21 assumptions assumption NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 22 about about IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 23 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 24 treatment treatment NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 25 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 26 something something NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 27 not not RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 28 widely widely RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 29 available available JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 30 during during IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 31 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 32 pandemic pandemic NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 26 33 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 27 1 Also also RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 27 2 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 27 3 classical classical JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 27 4 designs design NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 27 5 are be VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 27 6 less less RBR cord-316626-258rbcwb 27 7 flexible flexible JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 27 8 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 27 9 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 27 10 if if IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 27 11 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 27 12 assumptions assumption NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 27 13 are be VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 27 14 not not RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 27 15 met meet VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 27 16 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 27 17 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 27 18 study study NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 27 19 will will MD cord-316626-258rbcwb 27 20 end end VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 27 21 without without IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 27 22 providing provide VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 27 23 useful useful JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 27 24 evidence evidence NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 27 25 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 1 In in IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 2 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 3 pandemic pandemic NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 4 with with IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 5 more more JJR cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 6 than than IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 7 75,000 75,000 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 8 new new JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 9 cases case NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 10 per per IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 11 day day NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 12 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 13 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 14 use use NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 15 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 16 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 17 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 18 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 19 trial trial NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 20 design design NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 21 can can MD cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 22 quickly quickly RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 23 incorporate incorporate VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 24 existing exist VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 25 evidence evidence NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 26 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 27 drop drop VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 28 interventions intervention NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 29 that that WDT cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 30 have have VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 31 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 32 higher high JJR cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 33 probability probability NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 34 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 35 futility futility NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 36 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 37 redirect redirect VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 38 patients patient NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 39 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 40 be be VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 41 randomized randomize VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 42 to to IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 43 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 44 most most RBS cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 45 promising promising JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 46 ones one NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 47 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 48 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 49 constantly constantly RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 50 include include VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 51 new new JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 52 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 53 potential potential JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 54 candidate candidate NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 55 interventions intervention NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 28 56 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 1 In in IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 2 this this DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 3 issue issue NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 4 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 5 AnnalsATS AnnalsATS NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 6 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 7 Casey Casey NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 8 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 9 colleagues colleague NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 11 pp pp NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 12 . . NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 13 1144 1144 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 14 - - SYM cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 15 1153 1153 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 18 13 13 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 20 describe describe VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 21 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 22 study study NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 23 protocol protocol NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 24 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 25 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 26 randomized randomized JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 27 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 28 doubleblind doubleblind NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 29 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 30 placebo placebo NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 31 - - HYPH cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 32 controlled control VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 33 clinical clinical JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 34 trial trial NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 36 ORCHID ORCHID NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 37 trial trial NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 39 assessing assess VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 40 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 41 impact impact NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 42 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 43 hydroxychloroquine hydroxychloroquine NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 44 in in IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 45 hospitalized hospitalize VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 46 adults adult NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 47 with with IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 48 confirmed confirm VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 49 severe severe JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 50 acute acute JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 51 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 52 syndrome syndrome NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 53 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 54 2 2 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 56 SARS SARS NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 57 - - HYPH cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 58 Cov-2 Cov-2 NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 59 ) ) -RRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 60 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 61 symptoms symptom NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 62 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 63 acute acute JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 64 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 65 infection infection NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 29 66 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 1 The the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 2 primary primary JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 3 outcome outcome NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 4 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 5 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 6 study study NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 7 is be VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 8 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 9 patient patient NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 10 's 's POS cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 11 clinical clinical JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 12 status status NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 13 14 14 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 14 days day NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 15 after after IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 16 randomization randomization NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 17 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 18 assessed assess VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 19 by by IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 20 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 21 seven seven CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 22 - - HYPH cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 23 category category NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 24 ordinal ordinal JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 25 outcome outcome NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 26 scale scale NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 30 27 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 1 An an DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 2 important important JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 3 feature feature NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 4 is be VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 5 that that IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 6 data datum NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 7 can can MD cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 8 be be VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 9 collected collect VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 10 from from IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 11 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 12 electronic electronic JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 13 health health NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 14 record record NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 15 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 16 decreasing decrease VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 17 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 18 person person NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 19 - - HYPH cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 20 to to IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 21 - - HYPH cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 22 person person NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 23 contact contact NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 24 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 25 conserving conserve VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 26 personal personal JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 27 protective protective JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 28 equipment equipment NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 29 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 30 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 31 reducing reduce VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 32 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 33 risk risk NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 34 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 35 infection infection NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 31 36 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 1 A a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 2 major major JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 3 strength strength NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 4 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 5 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 6 study study NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 7 is be VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 8 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 9 employ employ VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 10 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 11 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 12 framework framework NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 13 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 14 allowing allow VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 15 multiple multiple JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 16 interim interim JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 17 analyses analysis NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 18 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 19 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 20 possibility possibility NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 21 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 22 incorporating incorporate VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 23 new new JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 24 external external JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 25 evidence evidence NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 26 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 27 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 28 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 29 early early JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 30 stopping stopping NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 31 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 32 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 33 trial trial NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 34 according accord VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 35 to to IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 36 predefined predefined JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 37 probabilities probability NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 38 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 39 benefit benefit NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 40 or or CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 41 futility futility NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 32 42 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 33 1 In in IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 33 2 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 33 3 last last JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 33 4 10 10 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 33 5 years year NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 33 6 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 33 7 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 33 8 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 33 9 clinical clinical JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 33 10 trials trial NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 33 11 have have VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 33 12 been be VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 33 13 increasingly increasingly RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 33 14 used use VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 33 15 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 33 16 hasten hasten VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 33 17 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 33 18 overall overall JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 33 19 trial trial NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 33 20 process process NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 33 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 33 22 10 10 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 33 23 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 33 24 11 11 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 33 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 33 26 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 1 In in IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 2 general general JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 3 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 4 these these DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 5 studies study NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 6 share share VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 7 common common JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 8 features feature NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 9 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 10 especially especially RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 11 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 12 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 13 greatly greatly RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 14 reduce reduce VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 15 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 16 sample sample NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 17 size size NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 18 needed need VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 19 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 20 assess assess VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 21 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 22 intervention intervention NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 23 without without IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 24 lowering lower VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 25 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 26 statistical statistical JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 27 power power NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 28 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 29 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 30 study study NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 34 31 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 35 1 As as IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 35 2 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 35 3 result result NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 35 4 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 35 5 interventions intervention NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 35 6 can can MD cord-316626-258rbcwb 35 7 progress progress VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 35 8 more more RBR cord-316626-258rbcwb 35 9 quickly quickly RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 35 10 through through IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 35 11 all all PDT cord-316626-258rbcwb 35 12 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 35 13 processes process NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 35 14 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 35 15 which which WDT cord-316626-258rbcwb 35 16 is be VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 35 17 urgently urgently RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 35 18 needed need VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 35 19 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 35 20 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 35 21 utmost utmost JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 35 22 importance importance NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 35 23 during during IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 35 24 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 35 25 pandemic pandemic NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 35 26 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 1 A a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 2 quick quick JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 3 approval approval NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 4 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 5 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 6 potential potential JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 7 intervention intervention NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 8 is be VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 9 expected expect VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 10 by by IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 11 policymakers policymaker NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 12 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 13 consumers consumer NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 14 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 15 as as IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 16 early early JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 17 use use NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 18 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 19 an an DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 20 effective effective JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 21 treatment treatment NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 22 may may MD cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 23 improve improve VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 24 patient patient JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 25 outcomes outcome NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 26 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 27 prevent prevent VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 28 harm harm NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 36 29 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 37 1 However however RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 37 2 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 37 3 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 37 4 risk risk NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 37 5 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 37 6 approving approve VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 37 7 an an DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 37 8 ineffective ineffective JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 37 9 or or CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 37 10 unsafe unsafe JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 37 11 intervention intervention NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 37 12 is be VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 37 13 not not RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 37 14 often often RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 37 15 considered consider VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 37 16 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 38 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 38 2 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 38 3 withdrawing withdraw VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 38 4 an an DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 38 5 approved approve VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 38 6 therapy therapy NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 38 7 can can MD cord-316626-258rbcwb 38 8 be be VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 38 9 challenging challenging JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 38 10 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 38 11 disruptive disruptive JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 38 12 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 38 13 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 38 14 sometimes sometimes RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 38 15 impractical impractical JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 38 16 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 1 The the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 2 ORCHID ORCHID NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 3 trial trial NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 4 investigators investigator NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 5 expect expect VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 6 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 7 finish finish VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 8 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 9 study study NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 10 with with IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 11 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 12 sample sample NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 13 size size NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 14 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 15 510 510 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 16 patients patient NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 17 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 18 which which WDT cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 19 is be VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 20 realistic realistic JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 21 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 22 acceptable acceptable JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 23 as as IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 24 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 25 United United NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 26 States States NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 27 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 28 America America NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 29 currently currently RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 30 has have VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 31 z20,000 z20,000 DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 32 new new JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 33 cases case NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 34 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 35 day day NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 39 36 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 40 1 In in IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 40 2 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 40 3 recent recent JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 40 4 simulation simulation NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 40 5 study study NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 40 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 40 7 14 14 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 40 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 40 9 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 40 10 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 40 11 optimal optimal JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 40 12 sample sample NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 40 13 size size NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 40 14 for for IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 40 15 clinical clinical JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 40 16 trials trial NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 40 17 decrease decrease VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 40 18 with with IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 40 19 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 40 20 infectivity infectivity NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 40 21 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 40 22 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 40 23 epidemic epidemic NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 40 24 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 41 1 This this DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 41 2 suggests suggest VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 41 3 that that IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 41 4 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 41 5 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 41 6 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 41 7 design design NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 41 8 allows allow VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 41 9 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 41 10 flexibility flexibility NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 41 11 needed need VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 41 12 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 41 13 adapt adapt VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 41 14 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 41 15 study study NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 41 16 to to IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 41 17 specific specific JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 41 18 parameters parameter NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 41 19 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 41 20 stages stage NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 41 21 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 41 22 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 41 23 epidemic epidemic NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 41 24 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 1 One one CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 2 potential potential JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 3 limitation limitation NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 4 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 5 ORCHID ORCHID NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 6 trial trial NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 7 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 8 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 9 several several JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 10 other other JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 11 trials trial NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 12 testing test VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 13 therapies therapy NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 14 in in IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 15 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 16 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 17 is be VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 18 evaluation evaluation NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 19 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 20 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 21 primary primary JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 22 outcome outcome NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 23 in in IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 24 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 25 short short JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 26 time time NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 27 frame frame NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 42 28 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 43 1 Though though IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 43 2 understandable understandable JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 43 3 because because IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 43 4 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 43 5 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 43 6 urgent urgent JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 43 7 need need NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 43 8 for for IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 43 9 answers answer NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 43 10 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 43 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-316626-258rbcwb 43 12 have have VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 43 13 learned learn VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 43 14 that that IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 43 15 these these DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 43 16 patients patient NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 43 17 usually usually RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 43 18 have have VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 43 19 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 43 20 longer long RBR cord-316626-258rbcwb 43 21 convalescent convalescent JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 43 22 period period NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 43 23 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 44 1 Fifteen fifteen CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 44 2 days day NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 44 3 is be VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 44 4 relatively relatively RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 44 5 short short JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 44 6 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 44 7 may may MD cord-316626-258rbcwb 44 8 not not RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 44 9 accurately accurately RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 44 10 capture capture VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 44 11 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 44 12 majority majority NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 44 13 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 44 14 patients patient NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 44 15 who who WP cord-316626-258rbcwb 44 16 have have VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 44 17 died die VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 44 18 or or CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 44 19 recovered recover VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 44 20 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 1 A a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 2 longer long JJR cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 3 period period NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 4 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 5 observation observation NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 6 is be VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 7 somewhat somewhat RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 8 problematic problematic JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 9 when when WRB cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 10 there there EX cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 11 is be VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 12 very very RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 13 rapid rapid JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 14 randomization randomization NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 15 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 16 such such JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 17 as as IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 18 during during IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 19 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 20 pandemic pandemic NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 21 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 22 as as IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 24 delays delay VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 25 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 26 trial trial NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 27 results result NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 45 28 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 1 This this DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 2 may may MD cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 3 interfere interfere VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 4 with with IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 5 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 6 interim interim JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 7 analyses analysis NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 8 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 9 as as IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 10 many many JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 11 randomized randomized JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 12 patients patient NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 13 will will MD cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 14 not not RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 15 have have VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 16 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 17 measure measure NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 18 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 19 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 20 outcome outcome NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 21 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 22 interest interest NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 23 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 24 making make VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 25 it -PRON- PRP cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 26 difficult difficult JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 27 for for IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 28 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 29 data data NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 30 safety safety NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 31 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 32 monitoring monitoring NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 33 committee committee NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 34 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 35 recommend recommend VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 36 stopping stop VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 37 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 38 trial trial NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 39 if if IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 40 required require VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 46 41 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 1 In in IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 2 this this DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 3 time time NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 4 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 5 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 6 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 7 when when WRB cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 8 clinicians clinician NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 9 are be VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 10 desperately desperately RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 11 seeking seek VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 12 effective effective JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 13 therapies therapy NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 14 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 15 fight fight VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 16 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 17 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 18 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 19 ORCHID ORCHID NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 20 trial trial NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 21 provides provide VBZ cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 22 several several JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 23 unique unique JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 24 solutions solution NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 25 to to IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 26 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 27 constraints constraint NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 28 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 29 traditional traditional JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 30 clinical clinical JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 31 trials trial NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 47 32 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 1 These these DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 2 include include VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 3 processes process NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 4 for for IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 5 rapid rapid JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 6 administrative administrative JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 7 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 8 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 9 approvals approval NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 10 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 11 production production NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 12 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 13 visually visually RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 14 identical identical JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 15 placebo placebo NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 16 pills pill NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 17 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 18 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 19 use use NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 20 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 21 interactive interactive JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 22 platforms platform NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 23 for for IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 24 informed informed JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 25 consent consent NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 26 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 27 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 28 flexible flexible JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 29 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 30 trial trial NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 31 design design NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 48 32 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 1 Studies study NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 2 like like IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 3 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 4 ORCHID ORCHID NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 5 trial trial NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 6 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 7 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 8 others other NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 9 in in IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 10 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 11 field field NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 12 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 13 are be VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 14 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 15 whisper whisper NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 16 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 17 rationality rationality NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 18 during during IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 19 irrational irrational JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 20 times time NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 21 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 22 rekindle rekindle VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 23 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 24 hope hope NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 25 that that IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 26 evidence evidence NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 27 - - HYPH cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 28 based base VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 29 medicine medicine NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 30 will will MD cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 31 survive survive VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 32 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 33 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 34 pandemic pandemic NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 49 35 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 50 1 n n NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 51 1 In in IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 51 2 defense defense NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 51 3 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 51 4 evidence evidence NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 51 5 - - HYPH cord-316626-258rbcwb 51 6 based base VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 51 7 medicine medicine NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 51 8 for for IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 51 9 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 51 10 treatment treatment NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 51 11 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 51 12 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 51 13 acute acute JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 51 14 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 51 15 distress distress NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 51 16 syndrome syndrome NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 1 In in IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 2 vitro vitro FW cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 3 inhibition inhibition NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 4 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 5 severe severe JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 6 acute acute JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 7 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 8 syndrome syndrome NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 9 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 10 by by IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 11 chloroquine chloroquine NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 12 Multicenter Multicenter NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 13 Collaboration Collaboration NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 14 Group Group NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 15 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 16 Department Department NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 17 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 18 Science Science NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 19 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 20 Technology Technology NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 21 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 22 Guangdong Guangdong NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 23 Province Province NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 24 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 25 Health Health NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 26 Commission Commission NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 27 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 28 Guangdong Guangdong NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 29 Province Province NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 30 for for IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 31 Chloroquine Chloroquine NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 32 in in IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 33 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 34 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 35 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 36 Novel Novel NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 37 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 38 Pneumonia Pneumonia NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 52 39 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 1 Expert expert NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 2 consensus consensus NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 3 on on IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 4 chloroquine chloroquine NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 5 phosphate phosphate NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 6 for for IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 7 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 8 treatment treatment NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 9 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 10 novel novel JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 11 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 12 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 13 Chloroquine Chloroquine NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 14 for for IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 15 influenza influenza NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 16 prevention prevention NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 17 : : : cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 18 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 19 randomised randomised JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 20 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 21 double double JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 22 - - HYPH cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 23 blind blind JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 24 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 25 placebo placebo NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 26 controlled control VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 27 trial trial NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 28 A a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 29 randomized randomized JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 30 controlled control VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 31 trial trial NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 32 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 33 chloroquine chloroquine NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 34 for for IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 35 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 36 treatment treatment NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 37 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 38 dengue dengue NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 39 in in IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 40 Vietnamese vietnamese JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 41 adults adult NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 42 Hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 43 Trial Trial NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 44 Team Team NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 53 45 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 1 Effects effect NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 2 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 3 hydroxychloroquine hydroxychloroquine NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 4 on on IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 5 immune immune JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 6 activation activation NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 7 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 8 disease disease NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 9 progression progression NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 10 among among IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 11 HIV HIV NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 12 - - HYPH cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 13 infected infect VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 14 patients patient NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 15 not not RB cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 16 receiving receive VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 17 antiretroviral antiretroviral JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 18 therapy therapy NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 19 : : : cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 20 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 21 randomized randomized JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 22 controlled control VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 23 trial trial NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 24 Association Association NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 25 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 26 treatment treatment NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 27 with with IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 28 hydroxychloroquine hydroxychloroquine NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 29 or or CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 30 azithromycin azithromycin NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 31 with with IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 32 in in IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 33 - - HYPH cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 34 hospital hospital NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 35 mortality mortality NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 36 in in IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 37 patients patient NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 38 with with IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 39 COVID-19 covid-19 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 40 in in IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 41 New New NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 42 York York NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 43 state state NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 44 Observational observational JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 45 study study NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 46 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 47 hydroxychloroquine hydroxychloroquine NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 48 in in IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 49 hospitalized hospitalize VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 50 patients patient NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 51 with with IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 52 Covid-19 Covid-19 NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 53 Effect Effect NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 54 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 55 high high JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 56 vs vs IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 57 low low JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 58 doses dose NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 59 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 60 chloroquine chloroquine NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 61 diphosphate diphosphate NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 62 as as IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 63 adjunctive adjunctive JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 64 therapy therapy NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 65 for for IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 66 patients patient NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 67 hospitalized hospitalize VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 68 with with IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 69 severe severe JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 70 acute acute JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 71 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 72 syndrome syndrome NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 73 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 54 74 2 2 CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 2 SARS SARS NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 3 - - HYPH cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 4 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 6 infection infection NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 7 : : : cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 8 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 9 randomized randomized JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 10 clinical clinical JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 11 trial trial NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 12 Arguing argue VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 13 for for IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 14 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 15 clinical clinical JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 16 trials trial NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 17 in in IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 18 sepsis sepsis NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 19 Contemporary contemporary JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 20 strategies strategy NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 21 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 22 improve improve VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 23 clinical clinical JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 24 trial trial NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 25 design design NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 26 for for IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 27 critical critical JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 28 care care NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 29 research research NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 30 : : : cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 31 insights insight NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 32 from from IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 33 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 34 First First NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 35 Critical Critical NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 36 Care Care NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 37 Clinical Clinical NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 38 Trialists Trialists NNPS cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 39 Workshop Workshop NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 40 Using use VBG cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 41 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 42 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 43 designs design NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 44 to to TO cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 45 improve improve VB cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 46 phase phase NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 47 III iii CD cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 48 trials trial NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 49 : : : cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 50 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 51 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 52 care care NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 53 example example NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 54 ORCHID ORCHID NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 55 Protocol Protocol NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 56 Committee Committee NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 57 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 58 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 59 National National NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 60 Heart Heart NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 61 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 62 Lung Lung NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 63 , , , cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 64 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 65 Blood Blood NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 66 Institute Institute NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 67 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 68 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 69 Early Early NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 70 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 71 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 72 Acute Acute NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 73 Lung Lung NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 74 Injury injury NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 75 ( ( -LRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 76 PETAL PETAL NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 77 ) ) -RRB- cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 78 Network Network NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 79 Investigators Investigators NNPS cord-316626-258rbcwb 55 80 . . . cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 1 Rationale rationale NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 2 and and CC cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 3 design design NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 4 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 5 ORCHID ORCHID NNP cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 6 : : : cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 7 a a DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 8 randomized randomized JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 9 placebo placebo NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 10 - - HYPH cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 11 controlled control VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 12 clinical clinical JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 13 trial trial NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 14 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 15 hydroxychloroquine hydroxychloroquine NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 16 for for IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 17 adults adult NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 18 hospitalized hospitalize VBN cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 19 with with IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 20 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 21 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 22 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 23 clinical clinical JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 24 trials trial NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 25 for for IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 26 anti anti JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 27 - - JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 28 infective infective JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 29 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 30 during during IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 31 epidemic epidemic NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 56 32 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 57 1 Author author NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 57 2 disclosures disclosure NNS cord-316626-258rbcwb 57 3 are be VBP cord-316626-258rbcwb 57 4 available available JJ cord-316626-258rbcwb 57 5 with with IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 57 6 the the DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 57 7 text text NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 57 8 of of IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 57 9 this this DT cord-316626-258rbcwb 57 10 article article NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 57 11 at at IN cord-316626-258rbcwb 57 12 www.atsjournals.org www.atsjournals.org NN cord-316626-258rbcwb 57 13 . . .