id author title date pages extension mime words sentences flesch summary cache txt cord-018089-m94q75xn Mubareka, Samira Influenza Virus: The Biology of a Changing Virus 2010-06-18 .txt text/plain 7034 392 39 The genetic diversity of influenza A viruses and their capability to successfully infect an array of hosts, including avian and mammalian species, are highlighted in a discussion about host range and evolution. In contrast, avian hosts including waterfowl and domestic poultry harbor sialic acid with a2,3 linkage (SAa2,3Gal) which is distributed in the gastrointestinal tract, reflecting the fecal-oral mode of transmission of avian influenza strains in these species [23] . Specifically, changes at amino acid position 225 impart the ability of A/New York/1/18 to bind both avian and human host influenza virus receptors [26] . Since 1997, several avian influenza viruses, including H5N1, H7N2, H7N3, H7N7, H9N2, and H10N7 subtypes, have infected humans [76], though limited evidence for person to person spread exists [77, 78] . Pathology of fatal human infection associated with avian influenza A H5N1 virus ./cache/cord-018089-m94q75xn.txt ./txt/cord-018089-m94q75xn.txt