id author title date pages extension mime words sentences flesch summary cache txt cord-283964-k3hy2ewx Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo Cross-species transmission and emergence of novel viruses from birds 2015-01-31 .txt text/plain 2810 147 38 Birds may act as a vehicle for vector dissemination, an amplifying host in bird-vector-bird cycles, or the gene source of emerging viruses in cross-species virus transmission ( Figure 1) Sixteen of 18 hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes and nine of 11 neuraminidase (NA) subtypes of influenza viruses can be found in birds, especially waterfowl and shorebirds [2 ] . A study using influenza viruses generated with gene segments originating from circulating avian influenza viruses and the 1918 pandemic A(H1N1) virus showed that substitutions in the HA, PB2 and PA are important for virulence and efficient transmission in ferrets [35] . Human infections with the emerging avian influenza A H7N9 virus from wet market poultry: clinical analysis and characterisation of viral genome A novel psittacine adenovirus identified during an outbreak of avian chlamydiosis and human psittacosis: zoonosis associated with virus-bacterium coinfection in birds ./cache/cord-283964-k3hy2ewx.txt ./txt/cord-283964-k3hy2ewx.txt