id sid tid token lemma pos lesk 1 1 Fragility fragility NN lesk 1 2 and and CC lesk 1 3 Intelligibility Intelligibility NNP lesk 1 4 of of IN lesk 1 5 Deep Deep NNP lesk 1 6 Learning Learning NNP lesk 1 7 for for IN lesk 1 8 Libraries library NNS lesk 1 9 Michael Michael NNP lesk 1 10 Lesk Lesk NNP lesk 1 11 Rutgers Rutgers NNP lesk 1 12 University University NNP lesk 1 13 Abstract Abstract NNP lesk 1 14 : : : lesk 1 15 Comment comment NN lesk 1 16 by by IN lesk 1 17 Eric Eric NNP lesk 1 18 Lease Lease NNP lesk 1 19 Morgan Morgan NNP lesk 1 20 : : : lesk 1 21 After after IN lesk 1 22 reading read VBG lesk 1 23 this this DT lesk 1 24 second second JJ lesk 1 25 draft draft NN lesk 1 26 , , , lesk 1 27 I -PRON- PRP lesk 1 28 have have VBP lesk 1 29 nothing nothing NN lesk 1 30 to to TO lesk 1 31 add add VB lesk 1 32 ; ; : lesk 1 33 in in IN lesk 1 34 my -PRON- PRP$ lesk 1 35 mind mind NN lesk 1 36 the the DT lesk 1 37 article article NN lesk 1 38 is be VBZ lesk 1 39 sound sound JJ lesk 1 40 . . . lesk 2 1 More more RBR lesk 2 2 specifically specifically RB lesk 2 3 , , , lesk 2 4 the the DT lesk 2 5 article article NN lesk 2 6 describes describe VBZ lesk 2 7 why why WRB lesk 2 8 one one NN lesk 2 9 ought ought MD lesk 2 10 to to TO lesk 2 11 be be VB lesk 2 12 a a DT lesk 2 13 bit bit NN lesk 2 14 apprehensive apprehensive JJ lesk 2 15 when when WRB lesk 2 16 it -PRON- PRP lesk 2 17 comes come VBZ lesk 2 18 to to IN lesk 2 19 the the DT lesk 2 20 conclusions conclusion NNS lesk 2 21 of of IN lesk 2 22 " " `` lesk 2 23 deep deep JJ lesk 2 24 learning learning NN lesk 2 25 " " '' lesk 2 26 . . . lesk 3 1 It -PRON- PRP lesk 3 2 does do VBZ lesk 3 3 so so RB lesk 3 4 with with IN lesk 3 5 numerous numerous JJ lesk 3 6 examples example NNS lesk 3 7 and and CC lesk 3 8 in in IN lesk 3 9 a a DT lesk 3 10 scholarly scholarly JJ lesk 3 11 fashion fashion NN lesk 3 12 . . . lesk 4 1 Yet yet RB lesk 4 2 , , , lesk 4 3 the the DT lesk 4 4 article article NN lesk 4 5 does do VBZ lesk 4 6 not not RB lesk 4 7 despair despair VB lesk 4 8 . . . lesk 5 1 Instead instead RB lesk 5 2 , , , lesk 5 3 in in IN lesk 5 4 the the DT lesk 5 5 end end NN lesk 5 6 , , , lesk 5 7 it -PRON- PRP lesk 5 8 offers offer VBZ lesk 5 9 recommendations recommendation NNS lesk 5 10 and and CC lesk 5 11 suggestions suggestion NNS lesk 5 12 for for IN lesk 5 13 overcoming overcome VBG lesk 5 14 the the DT lesk 5 15 apprehension apprehension NN lesk 5 16 . . . lesk 6 1 We -PRON- PRP lesk 6 2 are be VBP lesk 6 3 reading read VBG lesk 6 4 more more JJR lesk 6 5 and and CC lesk 6 6 more more JJR lesk 6 7 about about IN lesk 6 8 practical practical JJ lesk 6 9 use use NN lesk 6 10 of of IN lesk 6 11 artificial artificial JJ lesk 6 12 intelligence intelligence NN lesk 6 13 , , , lesk 6 14 ranging range VBG lesk 6 15 from from IN lesk 6 16 self self NN lesk 6 17 - - HYPH lesk 6 18 driving drive VBG lesk 6 19 cars car NNS lesk 6 20 to to IN lesk 6 21 bank bank NN lesk 6 22 loan loan NN lesk 6 23 approvals approval NNS lesk 6 24 . . . lesk 7 1 Increasingly increasingly RB lesk 7 2 , , , lesk 7 3 we -PRON- PRP lesk 7 4 are be VBP lesk 7 5 asked ask VBN lesk 7 6 to to TO lesk 7 7 trust trust VB lesk 7 8 systems system NNS lesk 7 9 that that IN lesk 7 10 we -PRON- PRP lesk 7 11 can can MD lesk 7 12 not not RB lesk 7 13 understand understand VB lesk 7 14 . . . lesk 8 1 Can Can MD lesk 8 2 we -PRON- PRP lesk 8 3 rely rely VB lesk 8 4 on on IN lesk 8 5 such such JJ lesk 8 6 software software NN lesk 8 7 ? ? . lesk 9 1 This this DT lesk 9 2 article article NN lesk 9 3 talks talk VBZ lesk 9 4 about about IN lesk 9 5 the the DT lesk 9 6 risks risk NNS lesk 9 7 that that WDT lesk 9 8 fragile fragile JJ lesk 9 9 AI AI NNP lesk 9 10 software software NN lesk 9 11 will will MD lesk 9 12 be be VB lesk 9 13 unreliable unreliable JJ lesk 9 14 and and CC lesk 9 15 that that IN lesk 9 16 we -PRON- PRP lesk 9 17 wo will MD lesk 9 18 n’t not RB lesk 9 19 be be VB lesk 9 20 able able JJ lesk 9 21 to to TO lesk 9 22 know know VB lesk 9 23 when when WRB lesk 9 24 or or CC lesk 9 25 why why WRB lesk 9 26 . . . lesk 10 1 Traditional traditional JJ lesk 10 2 machine machine NN lesk 10 3 learning learning NN lesk 10 4 involved involve VBN lesk 10 5 feature feature NN lesk 10 6 detection detection NN lesk 10 7 and and CC lesk 10 8 then then RB lesk 10 9 some some DT lesk 10 10 variety variety NN lesk 10 11 of of IN lesk 10 12 clustering clustering NN lesk 10 13 or or CC lesk 10 14 discrimination discrimination NN lesk 10 15 rules rule NNS lesk 10 16 . . . lesk 11 1 It -PRON- PRP lesk 11 2 was be VBD lesk 11 3 generally generally RB lesk 11 4 possible possible JJ lesk 11 5 to to TO lesk 11 6 explain explain VB lesk 11 7 what what WP lesk 11 8 features feature NNS lesk 11 9 were be VBD lesk 11 10 being be VBG lesk 11 11 used use VBN lesk 11 12 and and CC lesk 11 13 how how WRB lesk 11 14 they -PRON- PRP lesk 11 15 were be VBD lesk 11 16 related relate VBN lesk 11 17 to to IN lesk 11 18 the the DT lesk 11 19 task task NN lesk 11 20 . . . lesk 12 1 These these DT lesk 12 2 methods method NNS lesk 12 3 are be VBP lesk 12 4 now now RB lesk 12 5 being be VBG lesk 12 6 supplanted supplant VBN lesk 12 7 by by IN lesk 12 8 " " `` lesk 12 9 deep deep JJ lesk 12 10 learning learning NN lesk 12 11 . . . lesk 12 12 " " '' lesk 13 1 Enormous enormous JJ lesk 13 2 quantities quantity NNS lesk 13 3 of of IN lesk 13 4 data datum NNS lesk 13 5 are be VBP lesk 13 6 sometimes sometimes RB lesk 13 7 available available JJ lesk 13 8 , , , lesk 13 9 which which WDT lesk 13 10 seems seem VBZ lesk 13 11 to to TO lesk 13 12 substitute substitute VB lesk 13 13 for for IN lesk 13 14 analyzing analyze VBG lesk 13 15 the the DT lesk 13 16 problem problem NN lesk 13 17 . . . lesk 14 1 In in IN lesk 14 2 a a DT lesk 14 3 famous famous JJ lesk 14 4 paper paper NN lesk 14 5 , , , lesk 14 6 Peter Peter NNP lesk 14 7 Norvig Norvig NNP lesk 14 8 said say VBD lesk 14 9 that that IN lesk 14 10 more more JJR lesk 14 11 data data NN lesk 14 12 beats beat VBZ lesk 14 13 better well JJR lesk 14 14 algorithms algorithm NNS lesk 14 15 . . . lesk 15 1 [ [ -LRB- lesk 15 2 footnoteRef:0 footnoteref:0 NN lesk 15 3 ] ] -RRB- lesk 15 4 Comment Comment NNP lesk 15 5 by by IN lesk 15 6 Daniel Daniel NNP lesk 15 7 Johnson Johnson NNP lesk 15 8 : : : lesk 15 9 ( ( -LRB- lesk 15 10 converted convert VBN lesk 15 11 bibliographic bibliographic NNP lesk 15 12 note note NN lesk 15 13 to to TO lesk 15 14 footnote footnote VB lesk 15 15 , , , lesk 15 16 per per IN lesk 15 17 our -PRON- PRP$ lesk 15 18 use use NN lesk 15 19 of of IN lesk 15 20 Chicago Chicago NNP lesk 15 21 ) ) -RRB- lesk 15 22 [ [ -LRB- lesk 15 23 0 0 CD lesk 15 24 : : : lesk 15 25 See see VB lesk 15 26 Halevy Halevy NNP lesk 15 27 , , , lesk 15 28 Norvig Norvig NNP lesk 15 29 , , , lesk 15 30 and and CC lesk 15 31 Pereira Pereira NNP lesk 15 32 2018 2018 CD lesk 15 33 , , , lesk 15 34 but but CC lesk 15 35 the the DT lesk 15 36 exact exact JJ lesk 15 37 quote quote NN lesk 15 38 is be VBZ lesk 15 39 in in IN lesk 15 40 a a DT lesk 15 41 talk talk NN lesk 15 42 , , , lesk 15 43 not not RB lesk 15 44 this this DT lesk 15 45 article article NN lesk 15 46 . . . lesk 15 47 ] ] -RRB- lesk 16 1 But but CC lesk 16 2 if if IN lesk 16 3 software software NN lesk 16 4 has have VBZ lesk 16 5 been be VBN lesk 16 6 trained train VBN lesk 16 7 on on IN lesk 16 8 a a DT lesk 16 9 small small JJ lesk 16 10 and and CC lesk 16 11 specific specific JJ lesk 16 12 subset subset NN lesk 16 13 , , , lesk 16 14 will will MD lesk 16 15 it -PRON- PRP lesk 16 16 generalize generalize VB lesk 16 17 ? ? . lesk 17 1 Will Will MD lesk 17 2 face face VB lesk 17 3 recognition recognition NN lesk 17 4 software software NN lesk 17 5 trained train VBN lesk 17 6 on on IN lesk 17 7 adult adult NN lesk 17 8 white white JJ lesk 17 9 male male JJ lesk 17 10 faces face NNS lesk 17 11 work work VB lesk 17 12 with with IN lesk 17 13 other other JJ lesk 17 14 races race NNS lesk 17 15 , , , lesk 17 16 with with IN lesk 17 17 women woman NNS lesk 17 18 , , , lesk 17 19 and and CC lesk 17 20 with with IN lesk 17 21 children child NNS lesk 17 22 ? ? . lesk 18 1 Even even RB lesk 18 2 without without IN lesk 18 3 generalizing generalize VBG lesk 18 4 , , , lesk 18 5 if if IN lesk 18 6 we -PRON- PRP lesk 18 7 do do VBP lesk 18 8 n't not RB lesk 18 9 know know VB lesk 18 10 what what WP lesk 18 11 is be VBZ lesk 18 12 driving drive VBG lesk 18 13 the the DT lesk 18 14 decision decision NN lesk 18 15 algorithm algorithm NN lesk 18 16 , , , lesk 18 17 we -PRON- PRP lesk 18 18 may may MD lesk 18 19 find find VB lesk 18 20 that that IN lesk 18 21 the the DT lesk 18 22 conclusions conclusion NNS lesk 18 23 are be VBP lesk 18 24 very very RB lesk 18 25 fragile fragile JJ lesk 18 26 . . . lesk 19 1 If if IN lesk 19 2 image image NN lesk 19 3 recognition recognition NN lesk 19 4 systems system NNS lesk 19 5 can can MD lesk 19 6 be be VB lesk 19 7 fooled fool VBN lesk 19 8 by by IN lesk 19 9 slight slight JJ lesk 19 10 changes change NNS lesk 19 11 in in IN lesk 19 12 an an DT lesk 19 13 image image NN lesk 19 14 , , , lesk 19 15 what what WP lesk 19 16 happens happen VBZ lesk 19 17 if if IN lesk 19 18 self self NN lesk 19 19 - - HYPH lesk 19 20 driving drive VBG lesk 19 21 cars car NNS lesk 19 22 misread misread JJ lesk 19 23 road road NN lesk 19 24 signs sign NNS lesk 19 25 ? ? . lesk 20 1 1 1 LS lesk 20 2 . . . lesk 21 1 Introduction introduction NN lesk 21 2 . . . lesk 22 1 On on IN lesk 22 2 February February NNP lesk 22 3 7 7 CD lesk 22 4 , , , lesk 22 5 2018 2018 CD lesk 22 6 , , , lesk 22 7 Mounir Mounir NNP lesk 22 8 Mahjoubi Mahjoubi NNP lesk 22 9 , , , lesk 22 10 then then RB lesk 22 11 the the DT lesk 22 12 “ " `` lesk 22 13 digital digital NNP lesk 22 14 minister minister NN lesk 22 15 ” " '' lesk 22 16 of of IN lesk 22 17 France France NNP lesk 22 18 ( ( -LRB- lesk 22 19 le le NNP lesk 22 20 secrétariat secrétariat NNP lesk 22 21 d’État d’État NNP lesk 22 22 chargé chargé NNS lesk 22 23 du du NNP lesk 22 24 Numérique Numérique NNP lesk 22 25 ) ) -RRB- lesk 22 26 , , , lesk 22 27 told tell VBD lesk 22 28 the the DT lesk 22 29 civil civil JJ lesk 22 30 service service NN lesk 22 31 to to TO lesk 22 32 use use VB lesk 22 33 only only JJ lesk 22 34 computer computer NN lesk 22 35 methods method NNS lesk 22 36 that that WDT lesk 22 37 could could MD lesk 22 38 be be VB lesk 22 39 understood understand VBN lesk 22 40 ( ( -LRB- lesk 22 41 Mahjoubi Mahjoubi NNP lesk 22 42 2018 2018 CD lesk 22 43 ) ) -RRB- lesk 22 44 . . . lesk 23 1 To to TO lesk 23 2 be be VB lesk 23 3 precise precise JJ lesk 23 4 , , , lesk 23 5 what what WP lesk 23 6 he -PRON- PRP lesk 23 7 actually actually RB lesk 23 8 said say VBD lesk 23 9 to to IN lesk 23 10 l'Assemblée l'Assemblée NNP lesk 23 11 Nationale Nationale NNP lesk 23 12 was be VBD lesk 23 13 : : : lesk 23 14 Aucun Aucun NNP lesk 23 15 algorithme algorithme FW lesk 23 16 non non AFX lesk 23 17 explicable explicable JJ lesk 23 18 ne ne NNP lesk 23 19 pourra pourra NNP lesk 23 20 être être NNP lesk 23 21 utilisé utilisé NNP lesk 23 22 . . . lesk 24 1 I -PRON- PRP lesk 24 2 gave give VBD lesk 24 3 this this DT lesk 24 4 to to IN lesk 24 5 Google Google NNP lesk 24 6 Translate Translate NNP lesk 24 7 and and CC lesk 24 8 asked ask VBD lesk 24 9 for for IN lesk 24 10 it -PRON- PRP lesk 24 11 in in IN lesk 24 12 English English NNP lesk 24 13 . . . lesk 25 1 What what WP lesk 25 2 I -PRON- PRP lesk 25 3 got get VBD lesk 25 4 ( ( -LRB- lesk 25 5 on on IN lesk 25 6 October October NNP lesk 25 7 13 13 CD lesk 25 8 , , , lesk 25 9 2019 2019 CD lesk 25 10 ) ) -RRB- lesk 25 11 was be VBD lesk 25 12 : : : lesk 25 13 No no UH lesk 25 14 algorithm algorithm NN lesk 25 15 that that WDT lesk 25 16 can can MD lesk 25 17 not not RB lesk 25 18 be be VB lesk 25 19 explained explain VBN lesk 25 20 can can MD lesk 25 21 not not RB lesk 25 22 be be VB lesk 25 23 used use VBN lesk 25 24 . . . lesk 26 1 That that DT lesk 26 2 ’s ’ VBZ lesk 26 3 a a DT lesk 26 4 long long JJ lesk 26 5 way way NN lesk 26 6 from from IN lesk 26 7 fluent fluent JJ lesk 26 8 English English NNP lesk 26 9 . . . lesk 27 1 As as IN lesk 27 2 I -PRON- PRP lesk 27 3 count count VBP lesk 27 4 the the DT lesk 27 5 “ " `` lesk 27 6 not not RB lesk 27 7 ” " '' lesk 27 8 words word NNS lesk 27 9 , , , lesk 27 10 it -PRON- PRP lesk 27 11 ’s ’ VBZ lesk 27 12 actually actually RB lesk 27 13 reversed reverse VBN lesk 27 14 in in IN lesk 27 15 meaning meaning NN lesk 27 16 . . . lesk 28 1 But but CC lesk 28 2 , , , lesk 28 3 what what WP lesk 28 4 if if IN lesk 28 5 I -PRON- PRP lesk 28 6 leave leave VBP lesk 28 7 off off RP lesk 28 8 the the DT lesk 28 9 final final JJ lesk 28 10 period period NN lesk 28 11 when when WRB lesk 28 12 I -PRON- PRP lesk 28 13 enter enter VBP lesk 28 14 it -PRON- PRP lesk 28 15 in in IN lesk 28 16 Google Google NNP lesk 28 17 Translate Translate NNP lesk 28 18 ? ? . lesk 29 1 Then then RB lesk 29 2 I -PRON- PRP lesk 29 3 get get VBP lesk 29 4 : : : lesk 29 5 No no DT lesk 29 6 non non JJ lesk 29 7 - - JJ lesk 29 8 explainable explainable JJ lesk 29 9 algorithm algorithm NN lesk 29 10 can can MD lesk 29 11 be be VB lesk 29 12 used use VBN lesk 29 13 Quite quite RB lesk 29 14 different different JJ lesk 29 15 , , , lesk 29 16 and and CC lesk 29 17 although although IN lesk 29 18 only only RB lesk 29 19 barely barely RB lesk 29 20 fluent fluent JJ lesk 29 21 , , , lesk 29 22 now now RB lesk 29 23 the the DT lesk 29 24 meaning meaning NN lesk 29 25 is be VBZ lesk 29 26 right right JJ lesk 29 27 . . . lesk 30 1 The the DT lesk 30 2 difference difference NN lesk 30 3 was be VBD lesk 30 4 only only RB lesk 30 5 the the DT lesk 30 6 final final JJ lesk 30 7 punctuation punctuation NN lesk 30 8 on on IN lesk 30 9 the the DT lesk 30 10 sentence sentence NN lesk 30 11 . . . lesk 31 1 This this DT lesk 31 2 is be VBZ lesk 31 3 an an DT lesk 31 4 example example NN lesk 31 5 of of IN lesk 31 6 the the DT lesk 31 7 fragility fragility NN lesk 31 8 of of IN lesk 31 9 an an DT lesk 31 10 AI AI NNP lesk 31 11 algorithm algorithm NN lesk 31 12 . . . lesk 32 1 The the DT lesk 32 2 point point NN lesk 32 3 is be VBZ lesk 32 4 not not RB lesk 32 5 that that IN lesk 32 6 both both DT lesk 32 7 translations translation NNS lesk 32 8 are be VBP lesk 32 9 of of IN lesk 32 10 doubtful doubtful JJ lesk 32 11 quality quality NN lesk 32 12 . . . lesk 33 1 The the DT lesk 33 2 point point NN lesk 33 3 is be VBZ lesk 33 4 that that IN lesk 33 5 a a DT lesk 33 6 seemingly seemingly RB lesk 33 7 insignificant insignificant JJ lesk 33 8 change change NN lesk 33 9 in in IN lesk 33 10 the the DT lesk 33 11 input input NN lesk 33 12 produced produce VBD lesk 33 13 such such PDT lesk 33 14 a a DT lesk 33 15 difference difference NN lesk 33 16 in in IN lesk 33 17 the the DT lesk 33 18 output output NN lesk 33 19 . . . lesk 34 1 In in IN lesk 34 2 this this DT lesk 34 3 case case NN lesk 34 4 , , , lesk 34 5 the the DT lesk 34 6 fragility fragility NN lesk 34 7 was be VBD lesk 34 8 detected detect VBN lesk 34 9 by by IN lesk 34 10 accident accident NN lesk 34 11 . . . lesk 35 1 Machine machine NN lesk 35 2 learning learning NN lesk 35 3 systems system NNS lesk 35 4 have have VBP lesk 35 5 a a DT lesk 35 6 set set NN lesk 35 7 of of IN lesk 35 8 data datum NNS lesk 35 9 for for IN lesk 35 10 training training NN lesk 35 11 . . . lesk 36 1 For for IN lesk 36 2 example example NN lesk 36 3 , , , lesk 36 4 if if IN lesk 36 5 you -PRON- PRP lesk 36 6 are be VBP lesk 36 7 interested interested JJ lesk 36 8 in in IN lesk 36 9 translation translation NN lesk 36 10 , , , lesk 36 11 and and CC lesk 36 12 you -PRON- PRP lesk 36 13 have have VBP lesk 36 14 a a DT lesk 36 15 large large JJ lesk 36 16 collection collection NN lesk 36 17 of of IN lesk 36 18 text text NN lesk 36 19 in in IN lesk 36 20 both both CC lesk 36 21 French French NNP lesk 36 22 and and CC lesk 36 23 English English NNP lesk 36 24 , , , lesk 36 25 you -PRON- PRP lesk 36 26 might may MD lesk 36 27 notice notice VB lesk 36 28 that that IN lesk 36 29 the the DT lesk 36 30 word word NN lesk 36 31 truck truck NN lesk 36 32 in in IN lesk 36 33 English English NNP lesk 36 34 appears appear VBZ lesk 36 35 where where WRB lesk 36 36 the the DT lesk 36 37 word word NN lesk 36 38 camion camion NN lesk 36 39 appears appear VBZ lesk 36 40 in in IN lesk 36 41 French French NNP lesk 36 42 . . . lesk 37 1 And and CC lesk 37 2 the the DT lesk 37 3 system system NN lesk 37 4 might may MD lesk 37 5 “ " `` lesk 37 6 learn learn VB lesk 37 7 ” " '' lesk 37 8 this this DT lesk 37 9 translation translation NN lesk 37 10 . . . lesk 38 1 It -PRON- PRP lesk 38 2 would would MD lesk 38 3 then then RB lesk 38 4 apply apply VB lesk 38 5 this this DT lesk 38 6 in in IN lesk 38 7 other other JJ lesk 38 8 examples example NNS lesk 38 9 ; ; : lesk 38 10 this this DT lesk 38 11 is be VBZ lesk 38 12 called call VBN lesk 38 13 generalization generalization NN lesk 38 14 . . . lesk 39 1 Of of RB lesk 39 2 course course RB lesk 39 3 if if IN lesk 39 4 you -PRON- PRP lesk 39 5 wish wish VBP lesk 39 6 to to TO lesk 39 7 translate translate VB lesk 39 8 French French NNP lesk 39 9 into into IN lesk 39 10 British British NNP lesk 39 11 English English NNP lesk 39 12 , , , lesk 39 13 a a DT lesk 39 14 preferred preferred JJ lesk 39 15 translation translation NN lesk 39 16 of of IN lesk 39 17 camion camion NN lesk 39 18 is be VBZ lesk 39 19 lorry lorry NN lesk 39 20 . . . lesk 40 1 And and CC lesk 40 2 if if IN lesk 40 3 the the DT lesk 40 4 context context NN lesk 40 5 of of IN lesk 40 6 your -PRON- PRP$ lesk 40 7 English english JJ lesk 40 8 truck truck NN lesk 40 9 is be VBZ lesk 40 10 a a DT lesk 40 11 US US NNP lesk 40 12 discussion discussion NN lesk 40 13 of of IN lesk 40 14 the the DT lesk 40 15 wheels wheel NNS lesk 40 16 and and CC lesk 40 17 axles axle NNS lesk 40 18 underneath underneath IN lesk 40 19 railway railway NN lesk 40 20 vehicles vehicle NNS lesk 40 21 , , , lesk 40 22 the the DT lesk 40 23 better well JJR lesk 40 24 French french JJ lesk 40 25 word word NN lesk 40 26 is be VBZ lesk 40 27 le le NNP lesk 40 28 bogie bogie NN lesk 40 29 . . . lesk 41 1 Deep deep JJ lesk 41 2 learning learning NN lesk 41 3 enthusiasts enthusiast NNS lesk 41 4 believe believe VBP lesk 41 5 that that IN lesk 41 6 with with IN lesk 41 7 enough enough JJ lesk 41 8 examples example NNS lesk 41 9 , , , lesk 41 10 machine machine NN lesk 41 11 learning learning NN lesk 41 12 systems system NNS lesk 41 13 will will MD lesk 41 14 be be VB lesk 41 15 able able JJ lesk 41 16 to to TO lesk 41 17 generalize generalize VB lesk 41 18 correctly correctly RB lesk 41 19 . . . lesk 42 1 There there EX lesk 42 2 can can MD lesk 42 3 be be VB lesk 42 4 various various JJ lesk 42 5 kinds kind NNS lesk 42 6 of of IN lesk 42 7 failures failure NNS lesk 42 8 : : : lesk 42 9 we -PRON- PRP lesk 42 10 can can MD lesk 42 11 discuss discuss VB lesk 42 12 both both DT lesk 42 13 ( ( -LRB- lesk 42 14 a a DT lesk 42 15 ) ) -RRB- lesk 42 16 problems problem NNS lesk 42 17 in in IN lesk 42 18 the the DT lesk 42 19 scope scope NN lesk 42 20 of of IN lesk 42 21 the the DT lesk 42 22 training training NN lesk 42 23 data datum NNS lesk 42 24 and and CC lesk 42 25 ( ( -LRB- lesk 42 26 b b NN lesk 42 27 ) ) -RRB- lesk 42 28 problems problem NNS lesk 42 29 in in IN lesk 42 30 the the DT lesk 42 31 kind kind NN lesk 42 32 of of IN lesk 42 33 modeling modeling NN lesk 42 34 done do VBN lesk 42 35 . . . lesk 43 1 If if IN lesk 43 2 the the DT lesk 43 3 system system NN lesk 43 4 has have VBZ lesk 43 5 sufficiently sufficiently RB lesk 43 6 general general JJ lesk 43 7 input input NN lesk 43 8 data datum NNS lesk 43 9 so so IN lesk 43 10 that that IN lesk 43 11 it -PRON- PRP lesk 43 12 learns learn VBZ lesk 43 13 well well RB lesk 43 14 enough enough RB lesk 43 15 to to TO lesk 43 16 produce produce VB lesk 43 17 reliably reliably RB lesk 43 18 correct correct JJ lesk 43 19 results result NNS lesk 43 20 on on IN lesk 43 21 examples example NNS lesk 43 22 it -PRON- PRP lesk 43 23 has have VBZ lesk 43 24 not not RB lesk 43 25 seen see VBN lesk 43 26 , , , lesk 43 27 we -PRON- PRP lesk 43 28 call call VBP lesk 43 29 it -PRON- PRP lesk 43 30 robust robust RB lesk 43 31 ; ; : lesk 43 32 robustness robustness NNP lesk 43 33 is be VBZ lesk 43 34 the the DT lesk 43 35 opposite opposite NN lesk 43 36 of of IN lesk 43 37 fragility fragility NN lesk 43 38 . . . lesk 44 1 Fragility fragility NN lesk 44 2 errors error NNS lesk 44 3 here here RB lesk 44 4 can can MD lesk 44 5 arise arise VB lesk 44 6 from from IN lesk 44 7 many many JJ lesk 44 8 sources source NNS lesk 44 9 - - : lesk 44 10 for for IN lesk 44 11 example example NN lesk 44 12 , , , lesk 44 13 the the DT lesk 44 14 training training NN lesk 44 15 data datum NNS lesk 44 16 may may MD lesk 44 17 not not RB lesk 44 18 be be VB lesk 44 19 representative representative JJ lesk 44 20 of of IN lesk 44 21 the the DT lesk 44 22 real real JJ lesk 44 23 problem problem NN lesk 44 24 ( ( -LRB- lesk 44 25 if if IN lesk 44 26 you -PRON- PRP lesk 44 27 train train VBP lesk 44 28 a a DT lesk 44 29 machine machine NN lesk 44 30 translation translation NN lesk 44 31 program program NN lesk 44 32 solely solely RB lesk 44 33 on on IN lesk 44 34 engineering engineering NN lesk 44 35 documents document NNS lesk 44 36 , , , lesk 44 37 do do VBP lesk 44 38 not not RB lesk 44 39 expect expect VB lesk 44 40 it -PRON- PRP lesk 44 41 to to TO lesk 44 42 do do VB lesk 44 43 well well RB lesk 44 44 on on IN lesk 44 45 theater theater NN lesk 44 46 reviews review NNS lesk 44 47 ) ) -RRB- lesk 44 48 . . . lesk 45 1 Or or CC lesk 45 2 , , , lesk 45 3 the the DT lesk 45 4 data datum NNS lesk 45 5 may may MD lesk 45 6 not not RB lesk 45 7 have have VB lesk 45 8 the the DT lesk 45 9 scope scope NN lesk 45 10 of of IN lesk 45 11 the the DT lesk 45 12 real real JJ lesk 45 13 problem problem NN lesk 45 14 : : : lesk 45 15 if if IN lesk 45 16 you -PRON- PRP lesk 45 17 train train VBP lesk 45 18 for for IN lesk 45 19 “ " `` lesk 45 20 boat boat NN lesk 45 21 ” " '' lesk 45 22 based base VBN lesk 45 23 on on IN lesk 45 24 ocean ocean NN lesk 45 25 liners liner NNS lesk 45 26 , , , lesk 45 27 do do VB lesk 45 28 n’t not RB lesk 45 29 be be VB lesk 45 30 surprised surprised JJ lesk 45 31 if if IN lesk 45 32 the the DT lesk 45 33 program program NN lesk 45 34 fails fail VBZ lesk 45 35 on on IN lesk 45 36 canoes canoe NNS lesk 45 37 . . . lesk 46 1 In in IN lesk 46 2 addition addition NN lesk 46 3 , , , lesk 46 4 there there EX lesk 46 5 are be VBP lesk 46 6 also also RB lesk 46 7 modeling model VBG lesk 46 8 issues issue NNS lesk 46 9 . . . lesk 47 1 Suppose suppose VB lesk 47 2 you -PRON- PRP lesk 47 3 use use VBP lesk 47 4 a a DT lesk 47 5 very very RB lesk 47 6 simple simple JJ lesk 47 7 model model NN lesk 47 8 , , , lesk 47 9 such such JJ lesk 47 10 as as IN lesk 47 11 a a DT lesk 47 12 linear linear JJ lesk 47 13 model model NN lesk 47 14 , , , lesk 47 15 for for IN lesk 47 16 data datum NNS lesk 47 17 that that WDT lesk 47 18 is be VBZ lesk 47 19 actually actually RB lesk 47 20 perhaps perhaps RB lesk 47 21 quadratic quadratic JJ lesk 47 22 or or CC lesk 47 23 exponential exponential JJ lesk 47 24 . . . lesk 48 1 This this DT lesk 48 2 is be VBZ lesk 48 3 called call VBN lesk 48 4 “ " `` lesk 48 5 underfitting underfitte VBG lesk 48 6 ” " '' lesk 48 7 and and CC lesk 48 8 may may MD lesk 48 9 often often RB lesk 48 10 arise arise VB lesk 48 11 when when WRB lesk 48 12 there there EX lesk 48 13 is be VBZ lesk 48 14 not not RB lesk 48 15 enough enough JJ lesk 48 16 training training NN lesk 48 17 data datum NNS lesk 48 18 . . . lesk 49 1 The the DT lesk 49 2 reverse reverse NN lesk 49 3 is be VBZ lesk 49 4 also also RB lesk 49 5 possible possible JJ lesk 49 6 : : : lesk 49 7 there there EX lesk 49 8 may may MD lesk 49 9 be be VB lesk 49 10 a a DT lesk 49 11 lot lot NN lesk 49 12 of of IN lesk 49 13 training training NN lesk 49 14 data datum NNS lesk 49 15 , , , lesk 49 16 including include VBG lesk 49 17 many many JJ lesk 49 18 noisy noisy JJ lesk 49 19 points point NNS lesk 49 20 , , , lesk 49 21 and and CC lesk 49 22 the the DT lesk 49 23 program program NN lesk 49 24 may may MD lesk 49 25 decide decide VB lesk 49 26 on on IN lesk 49 27 a a DT lesk 49 28 very very RB lesk 49 29 complex complex JJ lesk 49 30 model model NN lesk 49 31 to to TO lesk 49 32 cover cover VB lesk 49 33 all all PDT lesk 49 34 the the DT lesk 49 35 noise noise NN lesk 49 36 in in IN lesk 49 37 the the DT lesk 49 38 training training NN lesk 49 39 data datum NNS lesk 49 40 . . . lesk 50 1 This this DT lesk 50 2 is be VBZ lesk 50 3 called call VBN lesk 50 4 “ " `` lesk 50 5 overfitting overfitting NN lesk 50 6 ” " '' lesk 50 7 and and CC lesk 50 8 gives give VBZ lesk 50 9 you -PRON- PRP lesk 50 10 an an DT lesk 50 11 answer answer NN lesk 50 12 too too RB lesk 50 13 dependent dependent JJ lesk 50 14 on on IN lesk 50 15 noise noise NN lesk 50 16 and and CC lesk 50 17 outliers outlier NNS lesk 50 18 in in IN lesk 50 19 your -PRON- PRP$ lesk 50 20 data datum NNS lesk 50 21 . . . lesk 51 1 For for IN lesk 51 2 example example NN lesk 51 3 , , , lesk 51 4 1998 1998 CD lesk 51 5 was be VBD lesk 51 6 an an DT lesk 51 7 unusually unusually RB lesk 51 8 warm warm JJ lesk 51 9 year year NN lesk 51 10 , , , lesk 51 11 but but CC lesk 51 12 the the DT lesk 51 13 decline decline NN lesk 51 14 in in IN lesk 51 15 world world NN lesk 51 16 temperature temperature NN lesk 51 17 for for IN lesk 51 18 the the DT lesk 51 19 next next JJ lesk 51 20 few few JJ lesk 51 21 years year NNS lesk 51 22 suggests suggest VBZ lesk 51 23 it -PRON- PRP lesk 51 24 was be VBD lesk 51 25 noise noise NN lesk 51 26 in in IN lesk 51 27 the the DT lesk 51 28 data datum NNS lesk 51 29 , , , lesk 51 30 not not RB lesk 51 31 a a DT lesk 51 32 change change NN lesk 51 33 in in IN lesk 51 34 the the DT lesk 51 35 development development NN lesk 51 36 of of IN lesk 51 37 climate climate NN lesk 51 38 . . . lesk 52 1 Fragility fragility NN lesk 52 2 is be VBZ lesk 52 3 also also RB lesk 52 4 a a DT lesk 52 5 problem problem NN lesk 52 6 in in IN lesk 52 7 image image NN lesk 52 8 recognition recognition NN lesk 52 9 ( ( -LRB- lesk 52 10 “ " `` lesk 52 11 AI AI NNP lesk 52 12 Recognition Recognition NNP lesk 52 13 ” " '' lesk 52 14 2017 2017 CD lesk 52 15 ) ) -RRB- lesk 52 16 . . . lesk 53 1 Currently currently RB lesk 53 2 the the DT lesk 53 3 most most RBS lesk 53 4 common common JJ lesk 53 5 technique technique NN lesk 53 6 for for IN lesk 53 7 image image NN lesk 53 8 recognition recognition NN lesk 53 9 research research NN lesk 53 10 projects project NNS lesk 53 11 is be VBZ lesk 53 12 the the DT lesk 53 13 use use NN lesk 53 14 of of IN lesk 53 15 convolutional convolutional JJ lesk 53 16 neural neural JJ lesk 53 17 nets net NNS lesk 53 18 . . . lesk 54 1 Recently recently RB lesk 54 2 , , , lesk 54 3 several several JJ lesk 54 4 papers paper NNS lesk 54 5 have have VBP lesk 54 6 looked look VBN lesk 54 7 at at IN lesk 54 8 how how WRB lesk 54 9 trivial trivial JJ lesk 54 10 modifications modification NNS lesk 54 11 to to IN lesk 54 12 images image NNS lesk 54 13 may may MD lesk 54 14 impact impact VB lesk 54 15 image image NN lesk 54 16 classification classification NN lesk 54 17 . . . lesk 55 1 Here here RB lesk 55 2 is be VBZ lesk 55 3 an an DT lesk 55 4 image image NN lesk 55 5 taken take VBN lesk 55 6 from from IN lesk 55 7 ( ( -LRB- lesk 55 8 Su Su NNP lesk 55 9 , , , lesk 55 10 Vargas Vargas NNP lesk 55 11 , , , lesk 55 12 and and CC lesk 55 13 Sakurai Sakurai NNP lesk 55 14 2019 2019 CD lesk 55 15 ) ) -RRB- lesk 55 16 . . . lesk 56 1 The the DT lesk 56 2 original original JJ lesk 56 3 image image NN lesk 56 4 class class NN lesk 56 5 is be VBZ lesk 56 6 in in IN lesk 56 7 black black JJ lesk 56 8 and and CC lesk 56 9 the the DT lesk 56 10 classifier classifier NN lesk 56 11 choice choice NN lesk 56 12 ( ( -LRB- lesk 56 13 and and CC lesk 56 14 confidence confidence NN lesk 56 15 ) ) -RRB- lesk 56 16 after after IN lesk 56 17 adding add VBG lesk 56 18 a a DT lesk 56 19 single single JJ lesk 56 20 unusual unusual JJ lesk 56 21 pixel pixel NN lesk 56 22 are be VBP lesk 56 23 shown show VBN lesk 56 24 in in IN lesk 56 25 blue blue NNP lesk 56 26 , , , lesk 56 27 with with IN lesk 56 28 the the DT lesk 56 29 extraneous extraneous JJ lesk 56 30 pixel pixel NN lesk 56 31 in in IN lesk 56 32 white white NNP lesk 56 33 . . . lesk 57 1 The the DT lesk 57 2 images image NNS lesk 57 3 were be VBD lesk 57 4 deliberately deliberately RB lesk 57 5 processed process VBN lesk 57 6 at at IN lesk 57 7 low low JJ lesk 57 8 resolution resolution NN lesk 57 9 - - : lesk 57 10 hence hence RB lesk 57 11 the the DT lesk 57 12 pixellation pixellation NN lesk 57 13 - - : lesk 57 14 to to TO lesk 57 15 match match VB lesk 57 16 the the DT lesk 57 17 input input NN lesk 57 18 requirement requirement NN lesk 57 19 of of IN lesk 57 20 a a DT lesk 57 21 popular popular JJ lesk 57 22 image image NN lesk 57 23 classification classification NN lesk 57 24 program program NN lesk 57 25 . . . lesk 58 1 The the DT lesk 58 2 authors author NNS lesk 58 3 experimented experiment VBD lesk 58 4 with with IN lesk 58 5 algorithms algorithm NNS lesk 58 6 to to TO lesk 58 7 find find VB lesk 58 8 the the DT lesk 58 9 quickest quick JJS lesk 58 10 single single JJ lesk 58 11 - - HYPH lesk 58 12 pixel pixel NN lesk 58 13 change change NN lesk 58 14 that that WDT lesk 58 15 would would MD lesk 58 16 deceive deceive VB lesk 58 17 an an DT lesk 58 18 image image NN lesk 58 19 classifier classifier NN lesk 58 20 . . . lesk 59 1 They -PRON- PRP lesk 59 2 were be VBD lesk 59 3 routinely routinely RB lesk 59 4 able able JJ lesk 59 5 to to TO lesk 59 6 fool fool VB lesk 59 7 the the DT lesk 59 8 recognition recognition NN lesk 59 9 software software NN lesk 59 10 . . . lesk 60 1 In in IN lesk 60 2 this this DT lesk 60 3 example example NN lesk 60 4 , , , lesk 60 5 the the DT lesk 60 6 deception deception NN lesk 60 7 was be VBD lesk 60 8 deliberate deliberate JJ lesk 60 9 ; ; : lesk 60 10 the the DT lesk 60 11 researchers researcher NNS lesk 60 12 searched search VBD lesk 60 13 for for IN lesk 60 14 the the DT lesk 60 15 best good JJS lesk 60 16 place place NN lesk 60 17 to to TO lesk 60 18 change change VB lesk 60 19 the the DT lesk 60 20 image image NN lesk 60 21 . . . lesk 61 1 2 2 LS lesk 61 2 . . . lesk 62 1 Bias bias NN lesk 62 2 and and CC lesk 62 3 mistakes mistake NNS lesk 62 4 We -PRON- PRP lesk 62 5 have have VBP lesk 62 6 seen see VBN lesk 62 7 a a DT lesk 62 8 major major JJ lesk 62 9 change change NN lesk 62 10 in in IN lesk 62 11 the the DT lesk 62 12 way way NN lesk 62 13 we -PRON- PRP lesk 62 14 do do VBP lesk 62 15 machine machine NN lesk 62 16 learning learning NN lesk 62 17 , , , lesk 62 18 and and CC lesk 62 19 there there EX lesk 62 20 are be VBP lesk 62 21 real real JJ lesk 62 22 dangers danger NNS lesk 62 23 involved involve VBN lesk 62 24 . . . lesk 63 1 The the DT lesk 63 2 current current JJ lesk 63 3 enthusiasm enthusiasm NN lesk 63 4 for for IN lesk 63 5 neural neural JJ lesk 63 6 nets net NNS lesk 63 7 risks risk VBZ lesk 63 8 the the DT lesk 63 9 use use NN lesk 63 10 of of IN lesk 63 11 processes process NNS lesk 63 12 which which WDT lesk 63 13 can can MD lesk 63 14 not not RB lesk 63 15 be be VB lesk 63 16 understood understand VBN lesk 63 17 , , , lesk 63 18 as as IN lesk 63 19 Mahjoubi Mahjoubi NNP lesk 63 20 warned warn VBD lesk 63 21 , , , lesk 63 22 and and CC lesk 63 23 which which WDT lesk 63 24 can can MD lesk 63 25 thus thus RB lesk 63 26 conceal conceal VB lesk 63 27 methods method NNS lesk 63 28 we -PRON- PRP lesk 63 29 would would MD lesk 63 30 not not RB lesk 63 31 approve approve VB lesk 63 32 of of IN lesk 63 33 , , , lesk 63 34 such such JJ lesk 63 35 as as IN lesk 63 36 discrimination discrimination NN lesk 63 37 in in IN lesk 63 38 lending lending NN lesk 63 39 or or CC lesk 63 40 hiring hiring NN lesk 63 41 . . . lesk 64 1 Cathy Cathy NNP lesk 64 2 O'Neil O'Neil NNP lesk 64 3 has have VBZ lesk 64 4 described describe VBN lesk 64 5 this this DT lesk 64 6 in in IN lesk 64 7 her -PRON- PRP$ lesk 64 8 book book NN lesk 64 9 Weapons Weapons NNPS lesk 64 10 of of IN lesk 64 11 Math Math NNP lesk 64 12 Destruction Destruction NNP lesk 64 13 ( ( -LRB- lesk 64 14 2016 2016 CD lesk 64 15 ) ) -RRB- lesk 64 16 . . . lesk 65 1 There there EX lesk 65 2 is be VBZ lesk 65 3 much much JJ lesk 65 4 research research NN lesk 65 5 today today NN lesk 65 6 that that WDT lesk 65 7 seeks seek VBZ lesk 65 8 methods method NNS lesk 65 9 to to TO lesk 65 10 explain explain VB lesk 65 11 what what WP lesk 65 12 neural neural JJ lesk 65 13 nets net NNS lesk 65 14 are be VBP lesk 65 15 doing do VBG lesk 65 16 . . . lesk 66 1 See see VB lesk 66 2 Guidiotti Guidiotti NNP lesk 66 3 et et NNP lesk 66 4 al al NNP lesk 66 5 . . . lesk 67 1 ( ( -LRB- lesk 67 2 2017 2017 CD lesk 67 3 ) ) -RRB- lesk 67 4 for for IN lesk 67 5 a a DT lesk 67 6 survey survey NN lesk 67 7 . . . lesk 68 1 There there EX lesk 68 2 is be VBZ lesk 68 3 also also RB lesk 68 4 a a DT lesk 68 5 2018 2018 CD lesk 68 6 DARPA DARPA NNP lesk 68 7 program program NN lesk 68 8 on on IN lesk 68 9 “ " `` lesk 68 10 Explainable explainable JJ lesk 68 11 AI ai NN lesk 68 12 . . . lesk 68 13 ” " '' lesk 68 14 Techniques technique NNS lesk 68 15 used use VBN lesk 68 16 can can MD lesk 68 17 include include VB lesk 68 18 looking look VBG lesk 68 19 at at IN lesk 68 20 the the DT lesk 68 21 results result NNS lesk 68 22 over over IN lesk 68 23 a a DT lesk 68 24 range range NN lesk 68 25 of of IN lesk 68 26 input input NN lesk 68 27 data datum NNS lesk 68 28 and and CC lesk 68 29 seeing see VBG lesk 68 30 if if IN lesk 68 31 the the DT lesk 68 32 neural neural JJ lesk 68 33 net net NN lesk 68 34 can can MD lesk 68 35 be be VB lesk 68 36 modeled model VBN lesk 68 37 by by IN lesk 68 38 a a DT lesk 68 39 decision decision NN lesk 68 40 tree tree NN lesk 68 41 , , , lesk 68 42 or or CC lesk 68 43 modifying modify VBG lesk 68 44 the the DT lesk 68 45 input input NN lesk 68 46 data datum NNS lesk 68 47 to to TO lesk 68 48 see see VB lesk 68 49 which which WDT lesk 68 50 input input NN lesk 68 51 elements element NNS lesk 68 52 have have VBP lesk 68 53 the the DT lesk 68 54 greatest great JJS lesk 68 55 effect effect NN lesk 68 56 on on IN lesk 68 57 the the DT lesk 68 58 results result NNS lesk 68 59 , , , lesk 68 60 and and CC lesk 68 61 then then RB lesk 68 62 showing show VBG lesk 68 63 that that DT lesk 68 64 to to IN lesk 68 65 the the DT lesk 68 66 user user NN lesk 68 67 . . . lesk 69 1 For for IN lesk 69 2 example example NN lesk 69 3 , , , lesk 69 4 Mariusz Mariusz NNP lesk 69 5 Bojarski Bojarski NNP lesk 69 6 et et NNP lesk 69 7 al al NNP lesk 69 8 . . . lesk 70 1 describe describe VB lesk 70 2 a a DT lesk 70 3 self self NN lesk 70 4 - - HYPH lesk 70 5 driving drive VBG lesk 70 6 system system NN lesk 70 7 that that WDT lesk 70 8 highlights highlight VBZ lesk 70 9 what what WP lesk 70 10 it -PRON- PRP lesk 70 11 thinks think VBZ lesk 70 12 is be VBZ lesk 70 13 important important JJ lesk 70 14 in in IN lesk 70 15 what what WP lesk 70 16 it -PRON- PRP lesk 70 17 is be VBZ lesk 70 18 seeing see VBG lesk 70 19 ( ( -LRB- lesk 70 20 2017 2017 CD lesk 70 21 ) ) -RRB- lesk 70 22 . . . lesk 71 1 However however RB lesk 71 2 , , , lesk 71 3 this this DT lesk 71 4 is be VBZ lesk 71 5 generally generally RB lesk 71 6 research research NN lesk 71 7 in in IN lesk 71 8 progress progress NN lesk 71 9 , , , lesk 71 10 and and CC lesk 71 11 it -PRON- PRP lesk 71 12 raises raise VBZ lesk 71 13 the the DT lesk 71 14 question question NN lesk 71 15 of of IN lesk 71 16 whether whether IN lesk 71 17 we -PRON- PRP lesk 71 18 can can MD lesk 71 19 trust trust VB lesk 71 20 the the DT lesk 71 21 explanation explanation NN lesk 71 22 generator generator NN lesk 71 23 . . . lesk 72 1 Many many JJ lesk 72 2 popular popular JJ lesk 72 3 magazines magazine NNS lesk 72 4 have have VBP lesk 72 5 discussed discuss VBN lesk 72 6 this this DT lesk 72 7 problem problem NN lesk 72 8 ; ; : lesk 72 9 Forbes Forbes NNP lesk 72 10 , , , lesk 72 11 for for IN lesk 72 12 example example NN lesk 72 13 , , , lesk 72 14 had have VBD lesk 72 15 an an DT lesk 72 16 explanation explanation NN lesk 72 17 of of IN lesk 72 18 how how WRB lesk 72 19 the the DT lesk 72 20 choice choice NN lesk 72 21 of of IN lesk 72 22 datasets dataset NNS lesk 72 23 can can MD lesk 72 24 produce produce VB lesk 72 25 a a DT lesk 72 26 biased biased JJ lesk 72 27 result result NN lesk 72 28 without without IN lesk 72 29 any any DT lesk 72 30 deliberate deliberate JJ lesk 72 31 attempt attempt NN lesk 72 32 to to TO lesk 72 33 do do VB lesk 72 34 so so RB lesk 72 35 ( ( -LRB- lesk 72 36 Taulli Taulli NNP lesk 72 37 2019 2019 CD lesk 72 38 ) ) -RRB- lesk 72 39 . . . lesk 73 1 Similarly similarly RB lesk 73 2 , , , lesk 73 3 the the DT lesk 73 4 New New NNP lesk 73 5 York York NNP lesk 73 6 Times Times NNP lesk 73 7 discussed discuss VBD lesk 73 8 the the DT lesk 73 9 way way NN lesk 73 10 groups group NNS lesk 73 11 of of IN lesk 73 12 primarily primarily RB lesk 73 13 young young JJ lesk 73 14 white white JJ lesk 73 15 men man NNS lesk 73 16 will will MD lesk 73 17 build build VB lesk 73 18 systems system NNS lesk 73 19 that that WDT lesk 73 20 focus focus VBP lesk 73 21 on on IN lesk 73 22 their -PRON- PRP$ lesk 73 23 data datum NNS lesk 73 24 , , , lesk 73 25 and and CC lesk 73 26 give give VB lesk 73 27 wrong wrong JJ lesk 73 28 or or CC lesk 73 29 discriminatory discriminatory JJ lesk 73 30 answers answer NNS lesk 73 31 in in IN lesk 73 32 more more JJR lesk 73 33 general general JJ lesk 73 34 situations situation NNS lesk 73 35 ( ( -LRB- lesk 73 36 Tugend Tugend NNP lesk 73 37 2019 2019 CD lesk 73 38 ) ) -RRB- lesk 73 39 . . . lesk 74 1 The the DT lesk 74 2 MIT MIT NNP lesk 74 3 Media Media NNPS lesk 74 4 Lab Lab NNP lesk 74 5 hosts host VBZ lesk 74 6 the the DT lesk 74 7 Algorithmic Algorithmic NNP lesk 74 8 Justice Justice NNP lesk 74 9 League League NNP lesk 74 10 , , , lesk 74 11 trying try VBG lesk 74 12 to to TO lesk 74 13 stop stop VB lesk 74 14 organizations organization NNS lesk 74 15 from from IN lesk 74 16 building build VBG lesk 74 17 socially socially RB lesk 74 18 slanted slant VBN lesk 74 19 systems system NNS lesk 74 20 . . . lesk 75 1 Similar similar JJ lesk 75 2 thoughts thought NNS lesk 75 3 come come VBP lesk 75 4 from from IN lesk 75 5 groups group NNS lesk 75 6 like like IN lesk 75 7 the the DT lesk 75 8 Data Data NNP lesk 75 9 and and CC lesk 75 10 Society Society NNP lesk 75 11 Research Research NNP lesk 75 12 Institute Institute NNP lesk 75 13 or or CC lesk 75 14 the the DT lesk 75 15 AI AI NNP lesk 75 16 Now Now NNP lesk 75 17 Institute Institute NNP lesk 75 18 . . . lesk 76 1 Again again RB lesk 76 2 , , , lesk 76 3 the the DT lesk 76 4 problems problem NNS lesk 76 5 may may MD lesk 76 6 be be VB lesk 76 7 accidental accidental JJ lesk 76 8 or or CC lesk 76 9 deliberate deliberate JJ lesk 76 10 . . . lesk 77 1 The the DT lesk 77 2 phrase phrase NN lesk 77 3 “ " `` lesk 77 4 data data NN lesk 77 5 poisoning poisoning NN lesk 77 6 ” " '' lesk 77 7 has have VBZ lesk 77 8 been be VBN lesk 77 9 used use VBN lesk 77 10 to to TO lesk 77 11 suggest suggest VB lesk 77 12 malicious malicious JJ lesk 77 13 creation creation NN lesk 77 14 of of IN lesk 77 15 training training NN lesk 77 16 data datum NNS lesk 77 17 or or CC lesk 77 18 examples example NNS lesk 77 19 of of IN lesk 77 20 data datum NNS lesk 77 21 designed design VBN lesk 77 22 to to TO lesk 77 23 deceive deceive VB lesk 77 24 machine machine NN lesk 77 25 learning learning NN lesk 77 26 systems system NNS lesk 77 27 . . . lesk 78 1 There there EX lesk 78 2 is be VBZ lesk 78 3 now now RB lesk 78 4 a a DT lesk 78 5 DARPA DARPA NNP lesk 78 6 research research NN lesk 78 7 program program NN lesk 78 8 , , , lesk 78 9 “ " `` lesk 78 10 Guaranteeing guarantee VBG lesk 78 11 AI AI NNP lesk 78 12 Robustness Robustness NNP lesk 78 13 against against IN lesk 78 14 Deception Deception NNP lesk 78 15 ( ( -LRB- lesk 78 16 GARD GARD NNP lesk 78 17 ) ) -RRB- lesk 78 18 , , , lesk 78 19 ” " '' lesk 78 20 supporting support VBG lesk 78 21 research research NN lesk 78 22 to to TO lesk 78 23 learn learn VB lesk 78 24 how how WRB lesk 78 25 to to TO lesk 78 26 stop stop VB lesk 78 27 trickery trickery NN lesk 78 28 such such JJ lesk 78 29 as as IN lesk 78 30 a a DT lesk 78 31 demonstration demonstration NN lesk 78 32 of of IN lesk 78 33 converting convert VBG lesk 78 34 a a DT lesk 78 35 traffic traffic NN lesk 78 36 stop stop NN lesk 78 37 sign sign NN lesk 78 38 to to IN lesk 78 39 a a DT lesk 78 40 45 45 CD lesk 78 41 mph mph NN lesk 78 42 speed speed NN lesk 78 43 limit limit NN lesk 78 44 with with IN lesk 78 45 a a DT lesk 78 46 few few JJ lesk 78 47 stickers sticker NNS lesk 78 48 ( ( -LRB- lesk 78 49 Eykholt Eykholt NNP lesk 78 50 et et FW lesk 78 51 al al NNP lesk 78 52 . . . lesk 79 1 2018 2018 CD lesk 79 2 ) ) -RRB- lesk 79 3 . . . lesk 80 1 More more RBR lesk 80 2 generally generally RB lesk 80 3 , , , lesk 80 4 bias bias NN lesk 80 5 in in IN lesk 80 6 systems system NNS lesk 80 7 deciding decide VBG lesk 80 8 whether whether IN lesk 80 9 to to TO lesk 80 10 grant grant VB lesk 80 11 loans loan NNS lesk 80 12 may may MD lesk 80 13 be be VB lesk 80 14 discriminatory discriminatory JJ lesk 80 15 but but CC lesk 80 16 nevertheless nevertheless RB lesk 80 17 profitable profitable JJ lesk 80 18 . . . lesk 81 1 Even even RB lesk 81 2 if if IN lesk 81 3 you -PRON- PRP lesk 81 4 want want VBP lesk 81 5 to to TO lesk 81 6 detect detect VB lesk 81 7 AI AI NNP lesk 81 8 mistakes mistake NNS lesk 81 9 , , , lesk 81 10 recognizing recognize VBG lesk 81 11 such such JJ lesk 81 12 problems problem NNS lesk 81 13 is be VBZ lesk 81 14 difficult difficult JJ lesk 81 15 . . . lesk 82 1 Often often RB lesk 82 2 things thing NNS lesk 82 3 will will MD lesk 82 4 be be VB lesk 82 5 wrong wrong JJ lesk 82 6 and and CC lesk 82 7 we -PRON- PRP lesk 82 8 wo will MD lesk 82 9 n’t not RB lesk 82 10 know know VB lesk 82 11 why why WRB lesk 82 12 . . . lesk 83 1 And and CC lesk 83 2 even even RB lesk 83 3 hypothetical hypothetical JJ lesk 83 4 ( ( -LRB- lesk 83 5 but but CC lesk 83 6 perhaps perhaps RB lesk 83 7 erroneous erroneous JJ lesk 83 8 ) ) -RRB- lesk 83 9 explanations explanation NNS lesk 83 10 can can MD lesk 83 11 be be VB lesk 83 12 very very RB lesk 83 13 convincing convincing JJ lesk 83 14 ; ; : lesk 83 15 people people NNS lesk 83 16 easily easily RB lesk 83 17 believe believe VBP lesk 83 18 plausible plausible JJ lesk 83 19 stories story NNS lesk 83 20 . . . lesk 84 1 I -PRON- PRP lesk 84 2 routinely routinely RB lesk 84 3 give give VBP lesk 84 4 my -PRON- PRP$ lesk 84 5 students student NNS lesk 84 6 a a DT lesk 84 7 paper paper NN lesk 84 8 that that WDT lesk 84 9 concludes conclude VBZ lesk 84 10 that that IN lesk 84 11 prior prior JJ lesk 84 12 ownership ownership NN lesk 84 13 of of IN lesk 84 14 a a DT lesk 84 15 cat cat NN lesk 84 16 prevents prevent VBZ lesk 84 17 fatal fatal JJ lesk 84 18 myocardial myocardial JJ lesk 84 19 infarctions infarction NNS lesk 84 20 ; ; : lesk 84 21 its -PRON- PRP$ lesk 84 22 result result NN lesk 84 23 implies imply VBZ lesk 84 24 that that IN lesk 84 25 cats cat NNS lesk 84 26 are be VBP lesk 84 27 more more RBR lesk 84 28 protective protective JJ lesk 84 29 than than IN lesk 84 30 statin statin NN lesk 84 31 drugs drug NNS lesk 84 32 ( ( -LRB- lesk 84 33 Qureshi Qureshi NNP lesk 84 34 et et NNP lesk 84 35 al al NNP lesk 84 36 . . . lesk 85 1 2009 2009 CD lesk 85 2 ) ) -RRB- lesk 85 3 . . . lesk 86 1 The the DT lesk 86 2 students student NNS lesk 86 3 are be VBP lesk 86 4 very very RB lesk 86 5 quick quick JJ lesk 86 6 to to TO lesk 86 7 come come VB lesk 86 8 up up RP lesk 86 9 with with IN lesk 86 10 possibilities possibility NNS lesk 86 11 like like IN lesk 86 12 “ " `` lesk 86 13 petting pet VBG lesk 86 14 a a DT lesk 86 15 cat cat NN lesk 86 16 is be VBZ lesk 86 17 relaxing relaxing JJ lesk 86 18 , , , lesk 86 19 relaxation relaxation NN lesk 86 20 reduces reduce VBZ lesk 86 21 your -PRON- PRP$ lesk 86 22 blood blood NN lesk 86 23 pressure pressure NN lesk 86 24 , , , lesk 86 25 and and CC lesk 86 26 lower low JJR lesk 86 27 blood blood NN lesk 86 28 pressure pressure NN lesk 86 29 decreases decrease VBZ lesk 86 30 the the DT lesk 86 31 risk risk NN lesk 86 32 of of IN lesk 86 33 heart heart NN lesk 86 34 attacks attack NNS lesk 86 35 . . . lesk 86 36 ” " '' lesk 86 37 Then then RB lesk 86 38 I -PRON- PRP lesk 86 39 have have VBP lesk 86 40 to to TO lesk 86 41 explain explain VB lesk 86 42 that that IN lesk 86 43 the the DT lesk 86 44 paper paper NN lesk 86 45 evaluates evaluate VBZ lesk 86 46 32 32 CD lesk 86 47 possibilities possibility NNS lesk 86 48 ( ( -LRB- lesk 86 49 prior prior RB lesk 86 50 / / SYM lesk 86 51 current current JJ lesk 86 52 ownership ownership NN lesk 86 53 X x NN lesk 86 54 cats cat NNS lesk 86 55 / / SYM lesk 86 56 dogs dog NNS lesk 86 57 X X NNP lesk 86 58 4 4 CD lesk 86 59 medical medical JJ lesk 86 60 conditions condition NNS lesk 86 61 X x VBP lesk 86 62 fatal fatal JJ lesk 86 63 / / SYM lesk 86 64 nonfatal nonfatal JJ lesk 86 65 ) ) -RRB- lesk 86 66 and and CC lesk 86 67 you -PRON- PRP lesk 86 68 should should MD lesk 86 69 n’t not RB lesk 86 70 be be VB lesk 86 71 surprised surprised JJ lesk 86 72 if if IN lesk 86 73 you -PRON- PRP lesk 86 74 evaluate evaluate VBP lesk 86 75 32 32 CD lesk 86 76 chances chance NNS lesk 86 77 and and CC lesk 86 78 one one CD lesk 86 79 is be VBZ lesk 86 80 significant significant JJ lesk 86 81 at at IN lesk 86 82 the the DT lesk 86 83 0.05 0.05 CD lesk 86 84 level level NN lesk 86 85 , , , lesk 86 86 which which WDT lesk 86 87 is be VBZ lesk 86 88 only only RB lesk 86 89 1 1 CD lesk 86 90 in in IN lesk 86 91 20 20 CD lesk 86 92 . . . lesk 87 1 In in IN lesk 87 2 this this DT lesk 87 3 example example NN lesk 87 4 , , , lesk 87 5 there there EX lesk 87 6 is be VBZ lesk 87 7 also also RB lesk 87 8 the the DT lesk 87 9 question question NN lesk 87 10 of of IN lesk 87 11 reverse reverse JJ lesk 87 12 causality causality NN lesk 87 13 : : : lesk 87 14 perhaps perhaps RB lesk 87 15 someone someone NN lesk 87 16 who who WP lesk 87 17 is be VBZ lesk 87 18 in in IN lesk 87 19 ill ill JJ lesk 87 20 health health NN lesk 87 21 will will MD lesk 87 22 decide decide VB lesk 87 23 he -PRON- PRP lesk 87 24 is be VBZ lesk 87 25 too too RB lesk 87 26 sick sick JJ lesk 87 27 to to TO lesk 87 28 take take VB lesk 87 29 care care NN lesk 87 30 of of IN lesk 87 31 a a DT lesk 87 32 pet pet NN lesk 87 33 , , , lesk 87 34 so so IN lesk 87 35 that that IN lesk 87 36 the the DT lesk 87 37 poor poor JJ lesk 87 38 health health NN lesk 87 39 is be VBZ lesk 87 40 not not RB lesk 87 41 caused cause VBN lesk 87 42 by by IN lesk 87 43 the the DT lesk 87 44 lack lack NN lesk 87 45 of of IN lesk 87 46 a a DT lesk 87 47 cat cat NN lesk 87 48 , , , lesk 87 49 but but CC lesk 87 50 rather rather RB lesk 87 51 the the DT lesk 87 52 poor poor JJ lesk 87 53 health health NN lesk 87 54 causes cause VBZ lesk 87 55 the the DT lesk 87 56 absence absence NN lesk 87 57 of of IN lesk 87 58 a a DT lesk 87 59 cat cat NN lesk 87 60 . . . lesk 88 1 Sometimes sometimes RB lesk 88 2 explanations explanation NNS lesk 88 3 can can MD lesk 88 4 help help VB lesk 88 5 , , , lesk 88 6 as as IN lesk 88 7 in in IN lesk 88 8 a a DT lesk 88 9 machine machine NN lesk 88 10 learning learn VBG lesk 88 11 program program NN lesk 88 12 that that WDT lesk 88 13 was be VBD lesk 88 14 deliberately deliberately RB lesk 88 15 trained train VBN lesk 88 16 to to TO lesk 88 17 distinguish distinguish VB lesk 88 18 images image NNS lesk 88 19 of of IN lesk 88 20 wolves wolf NNS lesk 88 21 and and CC lesk 88 22 dogs dog NNS lesk 88 23 but but CC lesk 88 24 was be VBD lesk 88 25 trained train VBN lesk 88 26 using use VBG lesk 88 27 pictures picture NNS lesk 88 28 of of IN lesk 88 29 wolves wolf NNS lesk 88 30 that that WDT lesk 88 31 always always RB lesk 88 32 contained contain VBD lesk 88 33 snow snow NN lesk 88 34 and and CC lesk 88 35 pictures picture NNS lesk 88 36 of of IN lesk 88 37 dogs dog NNS lesk 88 38 that that WDT lesk 88 39 never never RB lesk 88 40 did do VBD lesk 88 41 ( ( -LRB- lesk 88 42 Ribeiro Ribeiro NNP lesk 88 43 , , , lesk 88 44 Singh Singh NNP lesk 88 45 , , , lesk 88 46 and and CC lesk 88 47 Guestrin Guestrin NNP lesk 88 48 2016 2016 CD lesk 88 49 ) ) -RRB- lesk 88 50 . . . lesk 89 1 Without without IN lesk 89 2 explaining explain VBG lesk 89 3 that that IN lesk 89 4 , , , lesk 89 5 10 10 CD lesk 89 6 of of IN lesk 89 7 27 27 CD lesk 89 8 subjects subject NNS lesk 89 9 thought think VBD lesk 89 10 the the DT lesk 89 11 classifier classifier NN lesk 89 12 was be VBD lesk 89 13 trustworthy trustworthy JJ lesk 89 14 ; ; : lesk 89 15 after after IN lesk 89 16 pointing point VBG lesk 89 17 out out RP lesk 89 18 the the DT lesk 89 19 snow snow NN lesk 89 20 only only RB lesk 89 21 3 3 CD lesk 89 22 of of IN lesk 89 23 27 27 CD lesk 89 24 subjects subject NNS lesk 89 25 believed believe VBD lesk 89 26 the the DT lesk 89 27 system system NN lesk 89 28 . . . lesk 90 1 Usually usually RB lesk 90 2 you -PRON- PRP lesk 90 3 do do VBP lesk 90 4 n’t not RB lesk 90 5 get get VB lesk 90 6 such such PDT lesk 90 7 a a DT lesk 90 8 clear clear JJ lesk 90 9 presentation presentation NN lesk 90 10 of of IN lesk 90 11 a a DT lesk 90 12 mis mis NN lesk 90 13 - - HYPH lesk 90 14 trained train VBN lesk 90 15 system system NN lesk 90 16 . . . lesk 91 1 3 3 LS lesk 91 2 . . . lesk 92 1 Recognition recognition NN lesk 92 2 of of IN lesk 92 3 problems problem NNS lesk 92 4 Can Can MD lesk 92 5 we -PRON- PRP lesk 92 6 tell tell VB lesk 92 7 when when WRB lesk 92 8 something something NN lesk 92 9 is be VBZ lesk 92 10 wrong wrong JJ lesk 92 11 ? ? . lesk 93 1 Here here RB lesk 93 2 ’s ’ VBZ lesk 93 3 the the DT lesk 93 4 result result NN lesk 93 5 of of IN lesk 93 6 a a DT lesk 93 7 Google Google NNP lesk 93 8 Photo Photo NNP lesk 93 9 merge merge NN lesk 93 10 of of IN lesk 93 11 three three CD lesk 93 12 other other JJ lesk 93 13 photos photo NNS lesk 93 14 ; ; : lesk 93 15 two two CD lesk 93 16 landscapes landscape NNS lesk 93 17 and and CC lesk 93 18 a a DT lesk 93 19 picture picture NN lesk 93 20 of of IN lesk 93 21 somebody somebody NN lesk 93 22 ’s ’s POS lesk 93 23 friend friend NN lesk 93 24 . . . lesk 94 1 The the DT lesk 94 2 software software NN lesk 94 3 was be VBD lesk 94 4 told tell VBN lesk 94 5 to to TO lesk 94 6 make make VB lesk 94 7 a a DT lesk 94 8 panorama panorama NN lesk 94 9 and and CC lesk 94 10 stitched stitch VBD lesk 94 11 the the DT lesk 94 12 images image NNS lesk 94 13 together together RB lesk 94 14 ( ( -LRB- lesk 94 15 Peng Peng NNP lesk 94 16 2018 2018 CD lesk 94 17 ) ) -RRB- lesk 94 18 . . . lesk 95 1 It -PRON- PRP lesk 95 2 looks look VBZ lesk 95 3 like like IN lesk 95 4 a a DT lesk 95 5 joke joke NN lesk 95 6 , , , lesk 95 7 and and CC lesk 95 8 even even RB lesk 95 9 made make VBD lesk 95 10 it -PRON- PRP lesk 95 11 into into IN lesk 95 12 a a DT lesk 95 13 list list NN lesk 95 14 of of IN lesk 95 15 top top JJ lesk 95 16 jokes joke NNS lesk 95 17 on on IN lesk 95 18 reddit reddit NN lesk 95 19 . . . lesk 96 1 The the DT lesk 96 2 author author NN lesk 96 3 ’s ’s POS lesk 96 4 point point NN lesk 96 5 was be VBD lesk 96 6 that that IN lesk 96 7 the the DT lesk 96 8 panorama panorama NNP lesk 96 9 system system NN lesk 96 10 did do VBD lesk 96 11 n’t not RB lesk 96 12 understand understand VB lesk 96 13 basic basic JJ lesk 96 14 composition composition NN lesk 96 15 : : : lesk 96 16 people people NNS lesk 96 17 are be VBP lesk 96 18 not not RB lesk 96 19 the the DT lesk 96 20 same same JJ lesk 96 21 scale scale NN lesk 96 22 as as IN lesk 96 23 mountains mountain NNS lesk 96 24 . . . lesk 97 1 Often often RB lesk 97 2 , , , lesk 97 3 machine machine NN lesk 97 4 learning learning NN lesk 97 5 results result NNS lesk 97 6 are be VBP lesk 97 7 overstated overstate VBN lesk 97 8 . . . lesk 98 1 Google Google NNP lesk 98 2 Flu Flu NNP lesk 98 3 Trends Trends NNPS lesk 98 4 was be VBD lesk 98 5 acclaimed acclaim VBN lesk 98 6 for for IN lesk 98 7 several several JJ lesk 98 8 years year NNS lesk 98 9 and and CC lesk 98 10 then then RB lesk 98 11 turned turn VBD lesk 98 12 out out RP lesk 98 13 to to TO lesk 98 14 be be VB lesk 98 15 undependable undependable JJ lesk 98 16 ( ( -LRB- lesk 98 17 Lazer Lazer NNP lesk 98 18 et et NNP lesk 98 19 al al NNP lesk 98 20 . . . lesk 99 1 2014 2014 CD lesk 99 2 ) ) -RRB- lesk 99 3 . . . lesk 100 1 A a DT lesk 100 2 study study NN lesk 100 3 that that WDT lesk 100 4 attempted attempt VBD lesk 100 5 to to TO lesk 100 6 compare compare VB lesk 100 7 the the DT lesk 100 8 performance performance NN lesk 100 9 of of IN lesk 100 10 machine machine NN lesk 100 11 learning learning NN lesk 100 12 systems system NNS lesk 100 13 for for IN lesk 100 14 medical medical JJ lesk 100 15 diagnosis diagnosis NN lesk 100 16 with with IN lesk 100 17 actual actual JJ lesk 100 18 doctors doctor NNS lesk 100 19 found find VBD lesk 100 20 that that DT lesk 100 21 of of IN lesk 100 22 over over IN lesk 100 23 20,000 20,000 CD lesk 100 24 papers paper NNS lesk 100 25 analyzed analyze VBN lesk 100 26 , , , lesk 100 27 only only RB lesk 100 28 a a DT lesk 100 29 few few JJ lesk 100 30 dozen dozen NN lesk 100 31 had have VBD lesk 100 32 data datum NNS lesk 100 33 suitable suitable JJ lesk 100 34 for for IN lesk 100 35 an an DT lesk 100 36 evaluation evaluation NN lesk 100 37 ( ( -LRB- lesk 100 38 Liu Liu NNP lesk 100 39 et et NNP lesk 100 40 al al NNP lesk 100 41 . . . lesk 101 1 2019 2019 CD lesk 101 2 ) ) -RRB- lesk 101 3 . . . lesk 102 1 The the DT lesk 102 2 results result NNS lesk 102 3 claimed claim VBD lesk 102 4 comparable comparable JJ lesk 102 5 accuracy accuracy NN lesk 102 6 , , , lesk 102 7 but but CC lesk 102 8 virtually virtually RB lesk 102 9 none none NN lesk 102 10 of of IN lesk 102 11 the the DT lesk 102 12 papers paper NNS lesk 102 13 presented present VBD lesk 102 14 adequate adequate JJ lesk 102 15 data datum NNS lesk 102 16 to to TO lesk 102 17 support support VB lesk 102 18 that that DT lesk 102 19 conclusion conclusion NN lesk 102 20 . . . lesk 103 1 Unusually unusually RB lesk 103 2 promising promising JJ lesk 103 3 results result NNS lesk 103 4 are be VBP lesk 103 5 sometimes sometimes RB lesk 103 6 the the DT lesk 103 7 result result NN lesk 103 8 of of IN lesk 103 9 overfitting overfitting NN lesk 103 10 ( ( -LRB- lesk 103 11 Brownlee Brownlee NNP lesk 103 12 2018 2018 CD lesk 103 13 ) ) -RRB- lesk 103 14 ; ; : lesk 103 15 this this DT lesk 103 16 is be VBZ lesk 103 17 what what WP lesk 103 18 was be VBD lesk 103 19 wrong wrong JJ lesk 103 20 with with IN lesk 103 21 Google Google NNP lesk 103 22 Flu Flu NNP lesk 103 23 Trends Trends NNPS lesk 103 24 . . . lesk 104 1 A a DT lesk 104 2 machine machine NN lesk 104 3 learning learning NN lesk 104 4 program program NN lesk 104 5 can can MD lesk 104 6 learn learn VB lesk 104 7 a a DT lesk 104 8 large large JJ lesk 104 9 number number NN lesk 104 10 of of IN lesk 104 11 special special JJ lesk 104 12 cases case NNS lesk 104 13 and and CC lesk 104 14 then then RB lesk 104 15 find find VB lesk 104 16 that that IN lesk 104 17 the the DT lesk 104 18 results result NNS lesk 104 19 do do VBP lesk 104 20 not not RB lesk 104 21 generalize generalize VB lesk 104 22 . . . lesk 105 1 In in IN lesk 105 2 other other JJ lesk 105 3 cases case NNS lesk 105 4 problems problem NNS lesk 105 5 can can MD lesk 105 6 result result VB lesk 105 7 when when WRB lesk 105 8 using use VBG lesk 105 9 “ " `` lesk 105 10 clean clean JJ lesk 105 11 ” " '' lesk 105 12 data datum NNS lesk 105 13 for for IN lesk 105 14 training training NN lesk 105 15 , , , lesk 105 16 and and CC lesk 105 17 then then RB lesk 105 18 encountering encounter VBG lesk 105 19 messier messy JJR lesk 105 20 data datum NNS lesk 105 21 in in IN lesk 105 22 applications application NNS lesk 105 23 . . . lesk 106 1 Ideally ideally RB lesk 106 2 , , , lesk 106 3 training training NN lesk 106 4 and and CC lesk 106 5 testing testing NN lesk 106 6 data datum NNS lesk 106 7 should should MD lesk 106 8 be be VB lesk 106 9 from from IN lesk 106 10 the the DT lesk 106 11 same same JJ lesk 106 12 dataset dataset NN lesk 106 13 and and CC lesk 106 14 divided divide VBD lesk 106 15 at at IN lesk 106 16 random random JJ lesk 106 17 , , , lesk 106 18 but but CC lesk 106 19 it -PRON- PRP lesk 106 20 can can MD lesk 106 21 be be VB lesk 106 22 tempting tempting JJ lesk 106 23 to to TO lesk 106 24 start start VB lesk 106 25 off off RP lesk 106 26 with with IN lesk 106 27 examples example NNS lesk 106 28 that that WDT lesk 106 29 are be VBP lesk 106 30 the the DT lesk 106 31 result result NN lesk 106 32 of of IN lesk 106 33 initial initial JJ lesk 106 34 and and CC lesk 106 35 higher high JJR lesk 106 36 quality quality NN lesk 106 37 data datum NNS lesk 106 38 collection collection NN lesk 106 39 . . . lesk 107 1 Sometimes sometimes RB lesk 107 2 in in IN lesk 107 3 the the DT lesk 107 4 past past NN lesk 107 5 we -PRON- PRP lesk 107 6 had have VBD lesk 107 7 a a DT lesk 107 8 choice choice NN lesk 107 9 between between IN lesk 107 10 modeling modeling NN lesk 107 11 and and CC lesk 107 12 data datum NNS lesk 107 13 for for IN lesk 107 14 predictions prediction NNS lesk 107 15 . . . lesk 108 1 Consider consider VB lesk 108 2 , , , lesk 108 3 for for IN lesk 108 4 example example NN lesk 108 5 , , , lesk 108 6 the the DT lesk 108 7 problem problem NN lesk 108 8 of of IN lesk 108 9 guessing guess VBG lesk 108 10 what what WP lesk 108 11 the the DT lesk 108 12 weather weather NN lesk 108 13 will will MD lesk 108 14 be be VB lesk 108 15 tomorrow tomorrow NN lesk 108 16 . . . lesk 109 1 We -PRON- PRP lesk 109 2 now now RB lesk 109 3 do do VBP lesk 109 4 this this DT lesk 109 5 based base VBN lesk 109 6 on on IN lesk 109 7 a a DT lesk 109 8 model model NN lesk 109 9 of of IN lesk 109 10 the the DT lesk 109 11 atmosphere atmosphere NN lesk 109 12 that that WDT lesk 109 13 uses use VBZ lesk 109 14 the the DT lesk 109 15 Navier Navier NNP lesk 109 16 - - HYPH lesk 109 17 Stokes Stokes NNP lesk 109 18 equations equation NNS lesk 109 19 ; ; : lesk 109 20 we -PRON- PRP lesk 109 21 use use VBP lesk 109 22 supercomputers supercomputer NNS lesk 109 23 and and CC lesk 109 24 derive derive VB lesk 109 25 tomorrow tomorrow NN lesk 109 26 ’s ’s POS lesk 109 27 atmosphere atmosphere NN lesk 109 28 from from IN lesk 109 29 today today NN lesk 109 30 ’s ’s , lesk 109 31 ( ( -LRB- lesk 109 32 Christensen Christensen NNP lesk 109 33 2015 2015 CD lesk 109 34 ) ) -RRB- lesk 109 35 . . . lesk 110 1 What what WP lesk 110 2 did do VBD lesk 110 3 we -PRON- PRP lesk 110 4 do do VB lesk 110 5 before before IN lesk 110 6 we -PRON- PRP lesk 110 7 had have VBD lesk 110 8 supercomputers supercomputer NNS lesk 110 9 ? ? . lesk 111 1 Solving solve VBG lesk 111 2 those those DT lesk 111 3 equations equation NNS lesk 111 4 by by IN lesk 111 5 hand hand NN lesk 111 6 is be VBZ lesk 111 7 impractical impractical JJ lesk 111 8 . . . lesk 112 1 One one CD lesk 112 2 of of IN lesk 112 3 the the DT lesk 112 4 methods method NNS lesk 112 5 was be VBD lesk 112 6 “ " `` lesk 112 7 prediction prediction NN lesk 112 8 by by IN lesk 112 9 analogy analogy NN lesk 112 10 ” " '' lesk 112 11 : : : lesk 112 12 find find VB lesk 112 13 some some DT lesk 112 14 day day NN lesk 112 15 in in IN lesk 112 16 the the DT lesk 112 17 past past NN lesk 112 18 whose whose WP$ lesk 112 19 weather weather NN lesk 112 20 was be VBD lesk 112 21 most most RBS lesk 112 22 similar similar JJ lesk 112 23 to to IN lesk 112 24 today today NN lesk 112 25 . . . lesk 113 1 Suppose suppose VB lesk 113 2 that that DT lesk 113 3 day day NN lesk 113 4 is be VBZ lesk 113 5 Oct. October NNP lesk 113 6 20 20 CD lesk 113 7 , , , lesk 113 8 1970 1970 CD lesk 113 9 . . . lesk 114 1 Then then RB lesk 114 2 use use VB lesk 114 3 October October NNP lesk 114 4 21 21 CD lesk 114 5 , , , lesk 114 6 1970 1970 CD lesk 114 7 as as IN lesk 114 8 tomorrow tomorrow NN lesk 114 9 ’s ’s POS lesk 114 10 prediction prediction NN lesk 114 11 . . . lesk 115 1 Prediction prediction NN lesk 115 2 by by IN lesk 115 3 analogy analogy NN lesk 115 4 does do VBZ lesk 115 5 n’t not RB lesk 115 6 require require VB lesk 115 7 you -PRON- PRP lesk 115 8 to to TO lesk 115 9 have have VB lesk 115 10 a a DT lesk 115 11 model model NN lesk 115 12 or or CC lesk 115 13 use use VB lesk 115 14 advanced advanced JJ lesk 115 15 mathematics mathematic NNS lesk 115 16 . . . lesk 116 1 In in IN lesk 116 2 this this DT lesk 116 3 case case NN lesk 116 4 , , , lesk 116 5 however however RB lesk 116 6 , , , lesk 116 7 it -PRON- PRP lesk 116 8 does do VBZ lesk 116 9 n’t not RB lesk 116 10 work work VB lesk 116 11 as as RB lesk 116 12 well well RB lesk 116 13 - - HYPH lesk 116 14 partly partly RB lesk 116 15 because because IN lesk 116 16 we -PRON- PRP lesk 116 17 do do VBP lesk 116 18 n’t not RB lesk 116 19 have have VB lesk 116 20 enough enough JJ lesk 116 21 past past JJ lesk 116 22 days day NNS lesk 116 23 to to TO lesk 116 24 choose choose VB lesk 116 25 from from IN lesk 116 26 , , , lesk 116 27 and and CC lesk 116 28 we -PRON- PRP lesk 116 29 only only RB lesk 116 30 get get VBP lesk 116 31 new new JJ lesk 116 32 days day NNS lesk 116 33 at at IN lesk 116 34 the the DT lesk 116 35 rate rate NN lesk 116 36 of of IN lesk 116 37 one one CD lesk 116 38 per per IN lesk 116 39 day day NN lesk 116 40 . . . lesk 117 1 In in IN lesk 117 2 fact fact NN lesk 117 3 , , , lesk 117 4 Huug Huug NNP lesk 117 5 van van NNP lesk 117 6 den den NNP lesk 117 7 Dool Dool NNP lesk 117 8 estimated estimate VBD lesk 117 9 the the DT lesk 117 10 number number NN lesk 117 11 of of IN lesk 117 12 days day NNS lesk 117 13 of of IN lesk 117 14 data datum NNS lesk 117 15 needed need VBN lesk 117 16 to to TO lesk 117 17 make make VB lesk 117 18 accurate accurate JJ lesk 117 19 predictions prediction NNS lesk 117 20 as as IN lesk 117 21 1030 1030 CD lesk 117 22 years year NNS lesk 117 23 , , , lesk 117 24 which which WDT lesk 117 25 is be VBZ lesk 117 26 far far RB lesk 117 27 more more JJR lesk 117 28 than than IN lesk 117 29 the the DT lesk 117 30 age age NN lesk 117 31 of of IN lesk 117 32 the the DT lesk 117 33 universe universe NN lesk 117 34 ( ( -LRB- lesk 117 35 Wilks Wilks NNP lesk 117 36 2008 2008 CD lesk 117 37 ) ) -RRB- lesk 117 38 . . . lesk 118 1 The the DT lesk 118 2 underlying underlie VBG lesk 118 3 problem problem NN lesk 118 4 is be VBZ lesk 118 5 that that IN lesk 118 6 the the DT lesk 118 7 weather weather NN lesk 118 8 is be VBZ lesk 118 9 very very RB lesk 118 10 random random JJ lesk 118 11 . . . lesk 119 1 If if IN lesk 119 2 your -PRON- PRP$ lesk 119 3 state state NN lesk 119 4 lottery lottery NN lesk 119 5 is be VBZ lesk 119 6 properly properly RB lesk 119 7 run run VBN lesk 119 8 , , , lesk 119 9 it -PRON- PRP lesk 119 10 should should MD lesk 119 11 be be VB lesk 119 12 completely completely RB lesk 119 13 pointless pointless JJ lesk 119 14 to to TO lesk 119 15 look look VB lesk 119 16 at at IN lesk 119 17 past past JJ lesk 119 18 winning win VBG lesk 119 19 numbers number NNS lesk 119 20 and and CC lesk 119 21 try try VBP lesk 119 22 to to TO lesk 119 23 guess guess VB lesk 119 24 the the DT lesk 119 25 next next JJ lesk 119 26 one one CD lesk 119 27 . . . lesk 120 1 The the DT lesk 120 2 weather weather NN lesk 120 3 is be VBZ lesk 120 4 not not RB lesk 120 5 that that RB lesk 120 6 random random JJ lesk 120 7 but but CC lesk 120 8 it -PRON- PRP lesk 120 9 has have VBZ lesk 120 10 too too RB lesk 120 11 much much JJ lesk 120 12 variation variation NN lesk 120 13 to to TO lesk 120 14 be be VB lesk 120 15 solved solve VBN lesk 120 16 easily easily RB lesk 120 17 by by IN lesk 120 18 analogy analogy NN lesk 120 19 . . . lesk 121 1 If if IN lesk 121 2 your -PRON- PRP$ lesk 121 3 problem problem NN lesk 121 4 is be VBZ lesk 121 5 very very RB lesk 121 6 simple simple JJ lesk 121 7 ( ( -LRB- lesk 121 8 tic tic JJ lesk 121 9 - - HYPH lesk 121 10 tac tac JJ lesk 121 11 - - HYPH lesk 121 12 toe toe NN lesk 121 13 ) ) -RRB- lesk 121 14 you -PRON- PRP lesk 121 15 could could MD lesk 121 16 indeed indeed RB lesk 121 17 write write VB lesk 121 18 down down RP lesk 121 19 each each DT lesk 121 20 position position NN lesk 121 21 and and CC lesk 121 22 what what WP lesk 121 23 the the DT lesk 121 24 best well RBS lesk 121 25 next next JJ lesk 121 26 move move NN lesk 121 27 is be VBZ lesk 121 28 ; ; : lesk 121 29 there there EX lesk 121 30 are be VBP lesk 121 31 only only RB lesk 121 32 about about IN lesk 121 33 255,000 255,000 CD lesk 121 34 games game NNS lesk 121 35 . . . lesk 122 1 To to TO lesk 122 2 deal deal VB lesk 122 3 with with IN lesk 122 4 more more JJR lesk 122 5 realistic realistic JJ lesk 122 6 problems problem NNS lesk 122 7 , , , lesk 122 8 much much JJ lesk 122 9 of of IN lesk 122 10 machine machine NN lesk 122 11 learning learning NN lesk 122 12 research research NN lesk 122 13 is be VBZ lesk 122 14 now now RB lesk 122 15 focused focus VBN lesk 122 16 on on IN lesk 122 17 obtaining obtain VBG lesk 122 18 larger large JJR lesk 122 19 training training NN lesk 122 20 sets set NNS lesk 122 21 . . . lesk 123 1 Instead instead RB lesk 123 2 of of IN lesk 123 3 trying try VBG lesk 123 4 to to TO lesk 123 5 learn learn VB lesk 123 6 more more JJR lesk 123 7 about about IN lesk 123 8 the the DT lesk 123 9 characteristics characteristic NNS lesk 123 10 of of IN lesk 123 11 a a DT lesk 123 12 system system NN lesk 123 13 that that WDT lesk 123 14 is be VBZ lesk 123 15 being be VBG lesk 123 16 modeled model VBN lesk 123 17 , , , lesk 123 18 the the DT lesk 123 19 effort effort NN lesk 123 20 is be VBZ lesk 123 21 driven drive VBN lesk 123 22 by by IN lesk 123 23 the the DT lesk 123 24 dictum dictum NN lesk 123 25 , , , lesk 123 26 “ " `` lesk 123 27 more more JJR lesk 123 28 data data NN lesk 123 29 beats beat VBZ lesk 123 30 better well JJR lesk 123 31 algorithms algorithm NNS lesk 123 32 . . . lesk 123 33 ” " '' lesk 123 34 In in IN lesk 123 35 a a DT lesk 123 36 review review NN lesk 123 37 of of IN lesk 123 38 the the DT lesk 123 39 history history NN lesk 123 40 of of IN lesk 123 41 speech speech NN lesk 123 42 recognition recognition NN lesk 123 43 , , , lesk 123 44 Xuedong Xuedong NNP lesk 123 45 Huang Huang NNP lesk 123 46 , , , lesk 123 47 James James NNP lesk 123 48 Baker Baker NNP lesk 123 49 , , , lesk 123 50 and and CC lesk 123 51 Raj Raj NNP lesk 123 52 Reddy Reddy NNP lesk 123 53 write write VBP lesk 123 54 , , , lesk 123 55 “ " `` lesk 123 56 The the DT lesk 123 57 power power NN lesk 123 58 of of IN lesk 123 59 these these DT lesk 123 60 systems system NNS lesk 123 61 arises arise VBZ lesk 123 62 mainly mainly RB lesk 123 63 from from IN lesk 123 64 their -PRON- PRP$ lesk 123 65 ability ability NN lesk 123 66 to to TO lesk 123 67 collect collect VB lesk 123 68 , , , lesk 123 69 process process NN lesk 123 70 , , , lesk 123 71 and and CC lesk 123 72 learn learn VB lesk 123 73 from from IN lesk 123 74 very very RB lesk 123 75 large large JJ lesk 123 76 datasets dataset NNS lesk 123 77 . . . lesk 124 1 The the DT lesk 124 2 basic basic JJ lesk 124 3 learning learning NN lesk 124 4 and and CC lesk 124 5 decoding decode VBG lesk 124 6 algorithms algorithm NNS lesk 124 7 have have VBP lesk 124 8 not not RB lesk 124 9 changed change VBN lesk 124 10 substantially substantially RB lesk 124 11 in in IN lesk 124 12 40 40 CD lesk 124 13 years year NNS lesk 124 14 ” " '' lesk 124 15 ( ( -LRB- lesk 124 16 2014 2014 CD lesk 124 17 ) ) -RRB- lesk 124 18 . . . lesk 125 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB lesk 125 2 , , , lesk 125 3 speech speech NN lesk 125 4 recognition recognition NN lesk 125 5 has have VBZ lesk 125 6 gone go VBN lesk 125 7 from from IN lesk 125 8 frustration frustration NN lesk 125 9 to to IN lesk 125 10 useful useful JJ lesk 125 11 products product NNS lesk 125 12 such such JJ lesk 125 13 as as IN lesk 125 14 dictation dictation NN lesk 125 15 software software NN lesk 125 16 or or CC lesk 125 17 home home NN lesk 125 18 appliances appliance NNS lesk 125 19 . . . lesk 126 1 Lacking lack VBG lesk 126 2 a a DT lesk 126 3 model model NN lesk 126 4 , , , lesk 126 5 however however RB lesk 126 6 , , , lesk 126 7 means mean VBZ lesk 126 8 that that IN lesk 126 9 we -PRON- PRP lesk 126 10 wo will MD lesk 126 11 n’t not RB lesk 126 12 know know VB lesk 126 13 the the DT lesk 126 14 limits limit NNS lesk 126 15 of of IN lesk 126 16 the the DT lesk 126 17 calculations calculation NNS lesk 126 18 being be VBG lesk 126 19 done do VBN lesk 126 20 . . . lesk 127 1 For for IN lesk 127 2 example example NN lesk 127 3 , , , lesk 127 4 if if IN lesk 127 5 you -PRON- PRP lesk 127 6 have have VBP lesk 127 7 some some DT lesk 127 8 data datum NNS lesk 127 9 that that WDT lesk 127 10 looks look VBZ lesk 127 11 quadratic quadratic JJ lesk 127 12 , , , lesk 127 13 but but CC lesk 127 14 you -PRON- PRP lesk 127 15 fit fit VBP lesk 127 16 a a DT lesk 127 17 linear linear JJ lesk 127 18 model model NN lesk 127 19 , , , lesk 127 20 any any DT lesk 127 21 attempt attempt NN lesk 127 22 at at IN lesk 127 23 extrapolation extrapolation NN lesk 127 24 is be VBZ lesk 127 25 fraught fraught JJ lesk 127 26 with with IN lesk 127 27 error error NN lesk 127 28 . . . lesk 128 1 If if IN lesk 128 2 you -PRON- PRP lesk 128 3 are be VBP lesk 128 4 using use VBG lesk 128 5 a a DT lesk 128 6 “ " `` lesk 128 7 black black JJ lesk 128 8 box box NN lesk 128 9 ” " '' lesk 128 10 system system NN lesk 128 11 , , , lesk 128 12 you -PRON- PRP lesk 128 13 do do VBP lesk 128 14 n’t not RB lesk 128 15 know know VB lesk 128 16 when when WRB lesk 128 17 this this DT lesk 128 18 is be VBZ lesk 128 19 happening happen VBG lesk 128 20 . . . lesk 129 1 And and CC lesk 129 2 , , , lesk 129 3 regrettably regrettably RB lesk 129 4 , , , lesk 129 5 many many JJ lesk 129 6 of of IN lesk 129 7 the the DT lesk 129 8 AI AI NNP lesk 129 9 software software NN lesk 129 10 systems system NNS lesk 129 11 are be VBP lesk 129 12 sold sell VBN lesk 129 13 as as IN lesk 129 14 black black JJ lesk 129 15 boxes box NNS lesk 129 16 where where WRB lesk 129 17 the the DT lesk 129 18 purchasers purchaser NNS lesk 129 19 and and CC lesk 129 20 users user NNS lesk 129 21 do do VBP lesk 129 22 not not RB lesk 129 23 have have VB lesk 129 24 access access NN lesk 129 25 to to IN lesk 129 26 the the DT lesk 129 27 process process NN lesk 129 28 , , , lesk 129 29 even even RB lesk 129 30 if if IN lesk 129 31 they -PRON- PRP lesk 129 32 are be VBP lesk 129 33 imagined imagine VBN lesk 129 34 to to TO lesk 129 35 be be VB lesk 129 36 able able JJ lesk 129 37 to to TO lesk 129 38 understand understand VB lesk 129 39 it -PRON- PRP lesk 129 40 . . . lesk 130 1 4 4 LS lesk 130 2 . . . lesk 131 1 What what WP lesk 131 2 ’s ’ VBZ lesk 131 3 changing change VBG lesk 131 4 Many many JJ lesk 131 5 AI ai NN lesk 131 6 researchers researcher NNS lesk 131 7 are be VBP lesk 131 8 sensitive sensitive JJ lesk 131 9 to to IN lesk 131 10 the the DT lesk 131 11 risks risk NNS lesk 131 12 , , , lesk 131 13 especially especially RB lesk 131 14 given give VBN lesk 131 15 the the DT lesk 131 16 publicity publicity NN lesk 131 17 over over IN lesk 131 18 self self NN lesk 131 19 - - HYPH lesk 131 20 driving drive VBG lesk 131 21 cars car NNS lesk 131 22 . . . lesk 132 1 As as IN lesk 132 2 the the DT lesk 132 3 hype hype NN lesk 132 4 over over IN lesk 132 5 “ " `` lesk 132 6 deep deep JJ lesk 132 7 learning learning NN lesk 132 8 ” " '' lesk 132 9 built build VBN lesk 132 10 up up RP lesk 132 11 , , , lesk 132 12 writers writer NNS lesk 132 13 discussed discuss VBD lesk 132 14 examples example NNS lesk 132 15 such such JJ lesk 132 16 as as IN lesk 132 17 a a DT lesk 132 18 Pittsburgh Pittsburgh NNP lesk 132 19 medical medical JJ lesk 132 20 system system NN lesk 132 21 that that WDT lesk 132 22 proposed propose VBD lesk 132 23 to to TO lesk 132 24 send send VB lesk 132 25 patients patient NNS lesk 132 26 with with IN lesk 132 27 both both DT lesk 132 28 pneumonia pneumonia NN lesk 132 29 and and CC lesk 132 30 asthma asthma NN lesk 132 31 home home RB lesk 132 32 , , , lesk 132 33 because because IN lesk 132 34 the the DT lesk 132 35 computer computer NN lesk 132 36 had have VBD lesk 132 37 not not RB lesk 132 38 understood understand VBN lesk 132 39 that that IN lesk 132 40 patients patient NNS lesk 132 41 with with IN lesk 132 42 both both DT lesk 132 43 problems problem NNS lesk 132 44 were be VBD lesk 132 45 actually actually RB lesk 132 46 being be VBG lesk 132 47 sent send VBN lesk 132 48 to to IN lesk 132 49 the the DT lesk 132 50 ICU ICU NNP lesk 132 51 ( ( -LRB- lesk 132 52 Bornstein Bornstein NNP lesk 132 53 2016 2016 CD lesk 132 54 ; ; : lesk 132 55 Caruana Caruana NNP lesk 132 56 et et NNP lesk 132 57 al al NNP lesk 132 58 . . . lesk 133 1 2015 2015 CD lesk 133 2 ) ) -RRB- lesk 133 3 . . . lesk 134 1 Many many JJ lesk 134 2 people people NNS lesk 134 3 work work VBP lesk 134 4 on on IN lesk 134 5 ways way NNS lesk 134 6 of of IN lesk 134 7 explaining explain VBG lesk 134 8 or or CC lesk 134 9 presenting present VBG lesk 134 10 neural neural JJ lesk 134 11 net net JJ lesk 134 12 software software NN lesk 134 13 ( ( -LRB- lesk 134 14 Harley Harley NNP lesk 134 15 2015 2015 CD lesk 134 16 ) ) -RRB- lesk 134 17 . . . lesk 135 1 Most most RBS lesk 135 2 important important JJ lesk 135 3 , , , lesk 135 4 perhaps perhaps RB lesk 135 5 , , , lesk 135 6 are be VBP lesk 135 7 new new JJ lesk 135 8 EU EU NNP lesk 135 9 regulations regulation NNS lesk 135 10 that that WDT lesk 135 11 prohibit prohibit VBP lesk 135 12 automated automate VBD lesk 135 13 decision decision NN lesk 135 14 making make VBG lesk 135 15 that that WDT lesk 135 16 affects affect VBZ lesk 135 17 EU EU NNP lesk 135 18 citizens citizen NNS lesk 135 19 , , , lesk 135 20 and and CC lesk 135 21 provides provide VBZ lesk 135 22 a a DT lesk 135 23 “ " `` lesk 135 24 right right NN lesk 135 25 of of IN lesk 135 26 explanation explanation NN lesk 135 27 ” " '' lesk 135 28 ( ( -LRB- lesk 135 29 Metz Metz NNP lesk 135 30 2016 2016 CD lesk 135 31 ) ) -RRB- lesk 135 32 . . . lesk 136 1 We -PRON- PRP lesk 136 2 recognize recognize VBP lesk 136 3 that that IN lesk 136 4 systems system NNS lesk 136 5 which which WDT lesk 136 6 do do VBP lesk 136 7 n’t not RB lesk 136 8 rely rely VB lesk 136 9 on on IN lesk 136 10 a a DT lesk 136 11 mathematical mathematical JJ lesk 136 12 model model NN lesk 136 13 may may MD lesk 136 14 be be VB lesk 136 15 cheaper cheap JJR lesk 136 16 to to TO lesk 136 17 build build VB lesk 136 18 than than IN lesk 136 19 one one CD lesk 136 20 where where WRB lesk 136 21 the the DT lesk 136 22 coders coder NNS lesk 136 23 understand understand VBP lesk 136 24 what what WP lesk 136 25 is be VBZ lesk 136 26 going go VBG lesk 136 27 on on RP lesk 136 28 . . . lesk 137 1 More more RBR lesk 137 2 serious serious JJ lesk 137 3 is be VBZ lesk 137 4 that that IN lesk 137 5 they -PRON- PRP lesk 137 6 may may MD lesk 137 7 be be VB lesk 137 8 more more RBR lesk 137 9 accurate accurate JJ lesk 137 10 . . . lesk 138 1 This this DT lesk 138 2 image image NN lesk 138 3 is be VBZ lesk 138 4 from from IN lesk 138 5 the the DT lesk 138 6 same same JJ lesk 138 7 article article NN lesk 138 8 on on IN lesk 138 9 understandability understandability NN lesk 138 10 ( ( -LRB- lesk 138 11 Bornstein Bornstein NNP lesk 138 12 2016 2016 CD lesk 138 13 ) ) -RRB- lesk 138 14 . . . lesk 139 1 If if IN lesk 139 2 there there EX lesk 139 3 really really RB lesk 139 4 is be VBZ lesk 139 5 a a DT lesk 139 6 tradeoff tradeoff NN lesk 139 7 between between IN lesk 139 8 what what WP lesk 139 9 will will MD lesk 139 10 solve solve VB lesk 139 11 the the DT lesk 139 12 problem problem NN lesk 139 13 and and CC lesk 139 14 what what WP lesk 139 15 can can MD lesk 139 16 be be VB lesk 139 17 explained explain VBN lesk 139 18 , , , lesk 139 19 we -PRON- PRP lesk 139 20 know know VBP lesk 139 21 that that IN lesk 139 22 many many JJ lesk 139 23 system system NN lesk 139 24 builders builder NNS lesk 139 25 will will MD lesk 139 26 choose choose VB lesk 139 27 to to TO lesk 139 28 solve solve VB lesk 139 29 the the DT lesk 139 30 problem problem NN lesk 139 31 . . . lesk 140 1 And and CC lesk 140 2 yet yet RB lesk 140 3 even even RB lesk 140 4 having have VBG lesk 140 5 explanations explanation NNS lesk 140 6 may may MD lesk 140 7 not not RB lesk 140 8 be be VB lesk 140 9 an an DT lesk 140 10 answer answer NN lesk 140 11 ; ; : lesk 140 12 a a DT lesk 140 13 key key JJ lesk 140 14 paper paper NN lesk 140 15 on on IN lesk 140 16 interpretability interpretability NN lesk 140 17 discusses discuss VBZ lesk 140 18 the the DT lesk 140 19 complexities complexity NNS lesk 140 20 of of IN lesk 140 21 meaning meaning NN lesk 140 22 related relate VBN lesk 140 23 to to IN lesk 140 24 explanation explanation NN lesk 140 25 , , , lesk 140 26 causality causality NN lesk 140 27 , , , lesk 140 28 and and CC lesk 140 29 modeling model VBG lesk 140 30 ( ( -LRB- lesk 140 31 Lipton Lipton NNP lesk 140 32 2018 2018 CD lesk 140 33 ) ) -RRB- lesk 140 34 . . . lesk 141 1 Arend Arend NNP lesk 141 2 Hintze Hintze NNP lesk 141 3 has have VBZ lesk 141 4 noted note VBN lesk 141 5 that that IN lesk 141 6 we -PRON- PRP lesk 141 7 do do VBP lesk 141 8 not not RB lesk 141 9 always always RB lesk 141 10 impose impose VB lesk 141 11 a a DT lesk 141 12 demand demand NN lesk 141 13 for for IN lesk 141 14 explanation explanation NN lesk 141 15 on on IN lesk 141 16 people people NNS lesk 141 17 . . . lesk 142 1 I -PRON- PRP lesk 142 2 can can MD lesk 142 3 write write VB lesk 142 4 that that IN lesk 142 5 the the DT lesk 142 6 New New NNP lesk 142 7 York York NNP lesk 142 8 Public Public NNP lesk 142 9 Library Library NNP lesk 142 10 main main JJ lesk 142 11 building building NN lesk 142 12 is be VBZ lesk 142 13 well well RB lesk 142 14 proportioned proportioned JJ lesk 142 15 and and CC lesk 142 16 attractive attractive JJ lesk 142 17 without without IN lesk 142 18 anyone anyone NN lesk 142 19 expecting expect VBG lesk 142 20 that that IN lesk 142 21 I -PRON- PRP lesk 142 22 will will MD lesk 142 23 recite recite VB lesk 142 24 its -PRON- PRP$ lesk 142 25 dimensions dimension NNS lesk 142 26 or or CC lesk 142 27 the the DT lesk 142 28 source source NN lesk 142 29 of of IN lesk 142 30 the the DT lesk 142 31 marble marble NN lesk 142 32 used use VBN lesk 142 33 to to TO lesk 142 34 construct construct VB lesk 142 35 it -PRON- PRP lesk 142 36 . . . lesk 143 1 And and CC lesk 143 2 for for IN lesk 143 3 some some DT lesk 143 4 problems problem NNS lesk 143 5 that that WDT lesk 143 6 ’s ’ VBZ lesk 143 7 fine fine JJ lesk 143 8 : : : lesk 143 9 I -PRON- PRP lesk 143 10 do do VBP lesk 143 11 n’t not RB lesk 143 12 care care VB lesk 143 13 how how WRB lesk 143 14 my -PRON- PRP$ lesk 143 15 camera camera NN lesk 143 16 decides decide VBZ lesk 143 17 on on IN lesk 143 18 the the DT lesk 143 19 focus focus JJ lesk 143 20 distance distance NN lesk 143 21 to to IN lesk 143 22 the the DT lesk 143 23 subject subject NN lesk 143 24 . . . lesk 144 1 Where where WRB lesk 144 2 it -PRON- PRP lesk 144 3 matters matter VBZ lesk 144 4 , , , lesk 144 5 however however RB lesk 144 6 , , , lesk 144 7 we -PRON- PRP lesk 144 8 often often RB lesk 144 9 want want VBP lesk 144 10 explanations explanation NNS lesk 144 11 ; ; : lesk 144 12 the the DT lesk 144 13 hard hard JJ lesk 144 14 ethical ethical JJ lesk 144 15 problem problem NN lesk 144 16 , , , lesk 144 17 as as IN lesk 144 18 noted note VBN lesk 144 19 before before RB lesk 144 20 , , , lesk 144 21 is be VBZ lesk 144 22 if if IN lesk 144 23 better well JJR lesk 144 24 performance performance NN lesk 144 25 can can MD lesk 144 26 be be VB lesk 144 27 achieved achieve VBN lesk 144 28 in in IN lesk 144 29 an an DT lesk 144 30 inexplicable inexplicable JJ lesk 144 31 way way NN lesk 144 32 . . . lesk 145 1 5 5 CD lesk 145 2 . . . lesk 146 1 Recommendations recommendation NNS lesk 146 2 2017 2017 CD lesk 146 3 saw see VBD lesk 146 4 the the DT lesk 146 5 publication publication NN lesk 146 6 of of IN lesk 146 7 the the DT lesk 146 8 “ " `` lesk 146 9 Asilomar Asilomar NNP lesk 146 10 AI AI NNP lesk 146 11 principles principle NNS lesk 146 12 ” " '' lesk 146 13 ( ( -LRB- lesk 146 14 2017 2017 CD lesk 146 15 ) ) -RRB- lesk 146 16 . . . lesk 147 1 Two two CD lesk 147 2 of of IN lesk 147 3 these these DT lesk 147 4 principles principle NNS lesk 147 5 are be VBP lesk 147 6 : : : lesk 147 7 * * NFP lesk 147 8 Safety safety NN lesk 147 9 : : : lesk 147 10 AI AI NNP lesk 147 11 systems system NNS lesk 147 12 should should MD lesk 147 13 be be VB lesk 147 14 safe safe JJ lesk 147 15 and and CC lesk 147 16 secure secure JJ lesk 147 17 throughout throughout IN lesk 147 18 their -PRON- PRP$ lesk 147 19 operational operational JJ lesk 147 20 lifetime lifetime NN lesk 147 21 , , , lesk 147 22 and and CC lesk 147 23 verifiably verifiably RB lesk 147 24 so so RB lesk 147 25 where where WRB lesk 147 26 applicable applicable JJ lesk 147 27 and and CC lesk 147 28 feasible feasible JJ lesk 147 29 . . . lesk 148 1 * * NFP lesk 148 2 Failure failure NN lesk 148 3 Transparency transparency NN lesk 148 4 : : : lesk 148 5 If if IN lesk 148 6 an an DT lesk 148 7 AI AI NNP lesk 148 8 system system NN lesk 148 9 causes cause VBZ lesk 148 10 harm harm NN lesk 148 11 , , , lesk 148 12 it -PRON- PRP lesk 148 13 should should MD lesk 148 14 be be VB lesk 148 15 possible possible JJ lesk 148 16 to to TO lesk 148 17 ascertain ascertain VB lesk 148 18 why why WRB lesk 148 19 . . . lesk 149 1 The the DT lesk 149 2 problem problem NN lesk 149 3 is be VBZ lesk 149 4 that that IN lesk 149 5 the the DT lesk 149 6 technology technology NN lesk 149 7 used use VBN lesk 149 8 to to TO lesk 149 9 build build VB lesk 149 10 many many JJ lesk 149 11 systems system NNS lesk 149 12 does do VBZ lesk 149 13 not not RB lesk 149 14 enable enable VB lesk 149 15 verifiability verifiability NN lesk 149 16 and and CC lesk 149 17 explanation explanation NN lesk 149 18 . . . lesk 150 1 Similarly similarly RB lesk 150 2 the the DT lesk 150 3 World World NNP lesk 150 4 Economic Economic NNP lesk 150 5 Forum Forum NNP lesk 150 6 calls call VBZ lesk 150 7 for for IN lesk 150 8 protection protection NN lesk 150 9 against against IN lesk 150 10 discrimination discrimination NN lesk 150 11 but but CC lesk 150 12 notes note VBZ lesk 150 13 many many JJ lesk 150 14 ways way NNS lesk 150 15 in in IN lesk 150 16 which which WDT lesk 150 17 technology technology NN lesk 150 18 can can MD lesk 150 19 have have VB lesk 150 20 unanticipated unanticipated JJ lesk 150 21 and and CC lesk 150 22 undesirable undesirable JJ lesk 150 23 effects effect NNS lesk 150 24 as as IN lesk 150 25 a a DT lesk 150 26 result result NN lesk 150 27 of of IN lesk 150 28 machine machine NN lesk 150 29 learning learning NN lesk 150 30 ( ( -LRB- lesk 150 31 “ " `` lesk 150 32 How how WRB lesk 150 33 ” " '' lesk 150 34 2018 2018 CD lesk 150 35 ) ) -RRB- lesk 150 36 . . . lesk 151 1 Historically historically RB lesk 151 2 there there EX lesk 151 3 has have VBZ lesk 151 4 been be VBN lesk 151 5 and and CC lesk 151 6 continues continue VBZ lesk 151 7 to to TO lesk 151 8 be be VB lesk 151 9 too too RB lesk 151 10 much much JJ lesk 151 11 hype hype NN lesk 151 12 . . . lesk 152 1 An an DT lesk 152 2 important important JJ lesk 152 3 image image NN lesk 152 4 recognition recognition NN lesk 152 5 task task NN lesk 152 6 is be VBZ lesk 152 7 distinguishing distinguish VBG lesk 152 8 malignant malignant JJ lesk 152 9 and and CC lesk 152 10 benign benign JJ lesk 152 11 spots spot NNS lesk 152 12 on on IN lesk 152 13 mammograms mammogram NNS lesk 152 14 . . . lesk 153 1 There there EX lesk 153 2 have have VBP lesk 153 3 been be VBN lesk 153 4 promises promise NNS lesk 153 5 for for IN lesk 153 6 decades decade NNS lesk 153 7 that that IN lesk 153 8 computers computer NNS lesk 153 9 would would MD lesk 153 10 do do VB lesk 153 11 this this DT lesk 153 12 better well JJR lesk 153 13 than than IN lesk 153 14 radiologists radiologist NNS lesk 153 15 . . . lesk 154 1 Here here RB lesk 154 2 are be VBP lesk 154 3 examples example NNS lesk 154 4 from from IN lesk 154 5 1995 1995 CD lesk 154 6 ( ( -LRB- lesk 154 7 “ " `` lesk 154 8 computer computer NN lesk 154 9 - - HYPH lesk 154 10 aided aid VBN lesk 154 11 diagnosis diagnosis NN lesk 154 12 can can MD lesk 154 13 improve improve VB lesk 154 14 radiologists radiologist NNS lesk 154 15 ’ ’ POS lesk 154 16 observational observational JJ lesk 154 17 performance performance NN lesk 154 18 ” " '' lesk 154 19 ) ) -RRB- lesk 154 20 ( ( -LRB- lesk 154 21 Schmidt Schmidt NNP lesk 154 22 and and CC lesk 154 23 Nishikawa Nishikawa NNP lesk 154 24 ) ) -RRB- lesk 154 25 and and CC lesk 154 26 2009 2009 CD lesk 154 27 ( ( -LRB- lesk 154 28 “ " `` lesk 154 29 The the DT lesk 154 30 Bayesian bayesian JJ lesk 154 31 network network NN lesk 154 32 significantly significantly RB lesk 154 33 exceeded exceed VBD lesk 154 34 the the DT lesk 154 35 performance performance NN lesk 154 36 of of IN lesk 154 37 interpreting interpret VBG lesk 154 38 radiologists radiologist NNS lesk 154 39 ” " '' lesk 154 40 ) ) -RRB- lesk 154 41 ( ( -LRB- lesk 154 42 Burnside Burnside NNP lesk 154 43 et et FW lesk 154 44 al al NNP lesk 154 45 . . . lesk 154 46 ) ) -RRB- lesk 154 47 . . . lesk 155 1 A a DT lesk 155 2 typical typical JJ lesk 155 3 recent recent JJ lesk 155 4 AI AI NNP lesk 155 5 paper paper NN lesk 155 6 to to TO lesk 155 7 do do VB lesk 155 8 this this DT lesk 155 9 with with IN lesk 155 10 convolutional convolutional JJ lesk 155 11 neural neural JJ lesk 155 12 nets net NNS lesk 155 13 reports report VBZ lesk 155 14 90 90 CD lesk 155 15 % % NN lesk 155 16 accuracy accuracy NN lesk 155 17 ( ( -LRB- lesk 155 18 Singh Singh NNP lesk 155 19 et et NNP lesk 155 20 al al NNP lesk 155 21 . . . lesk 156 1 2020 2020 CD lesk 156 2 ) ) -RRB- lesk 156 3 . . . lesk 157 1 To to TO lesk 157 2 put put VB lesk 157 3 this this DT lesk 157 4 in in IN lesk 157 5 perspective perspective NN lesk 157 6 , , , lesk 157 7 the the DT lesk 157 8 problem problem NN lesk 157 9 is be VBZ lesk 157 10 complex complex JJ lesk 157 11 , , , lesk 157 12 but but CC lesk 157 13 some some DT lesk 157 14 examples example NNS lesk 157 15 are be VBP lesk 157 16 more more RBR lesk 157 17 straightforward straightforward JJ lesk 157 18 , , , lesk 157 19 and and CC lesk 157 20 even even RB lesk 157 21 pigeons pigeon NNS lesk 157 22 can can MD lesk 157 23 reach reach VB lesk 157 24 85 85 CD lesk 157 25 % % NN lesk 157 26 ( ( -LRB- lesk 157 27 Levenson Levenson NNP lesk 157 28 et et FW lesk 157 29 al al NNP lesk 157 30 . . . lesk 158 1 2015 2015 CD lesk 158 2 ) ) -RRB- lesk 158 3 . . . lesk 159 1 A a DT lesk 159 2 serious serious JJ lesk 159 3 recent recent JJ lesk 159 4 review review NN lesk 159 5 is be VBZ lesk 159 6 “ " `` lesk 159 7 Diagnostic Diagnostic NNP lesk 159 8 Accuracy Accuracy NNP lesk 159 9 of of IN lesk 159 10 Digital Digital NNP lesk 159 11 Screening Screening NNP lesk 159 12 Mammography Mammography NNP lesk 159 13 With with IN lesk 159 14 and and CC lesk 159 15 Without without IN lesk 159 16 Computer Computer NNP lesk 159 17 - - HYPH lesk 159 18 Aided aid VBN lesk 159 19 Detection detection NN lesk 159 20 ” " '' lesk 159 21 ( ( -LRB- lesk 159 22 Lehman Lehman NNP lesk 159 23 et et NNP lesk 159 24 al al NNP lesk 159 25 . . . lesk 160 1 2015 2015 CD lesk 160 2 ) ) -RRB- lesk 160 3 . . . lesk 161 1 Very very RB lesk 161 2 recently recently RB lesk 161 3 there there EX lesk 161 4 was be VBD lesk 161 5 another another DT lesk 161 6 claim claim NN lesk 161 7 that that IN lesk 161 8 computers computer NNS lesk 161 9 have have VBP lesk 161 10 surpassed surpass VBN lesk 161 11 radiologists radiologist NNS lesk 161 12 ( ( -LRB- lesk 161 13 Walsh Walsh NNP lesk 161 14 2020 2020 CD lesk 161 15 ) ) -RRB- lesk 161 16 ; ; : lesk 161 17 we -PRON- PRP lesk 161 18 will will MD lesk 161 19 have have VB lesk 161 20 to to TO lesk 161 21 await await VB lesk 161 22 evaluation evaluation NN lesk 161 23 . . . lesk 162 1 As as IN lesk 162 2 with with IN lesk 162 3 many many JJ lesk 162 4 claims claim NNS lesk 162 5 of of IN lesk 162 6 medical medical JJ lesk 162 7 progress progress NN lesk 162 8 , , , lesk 162 9 replicability replicability NN lesk 162 10 and and CC lesk 162 11 evaluation evaluation NN lesk 162 12 are be VBP lesk 162 13 needed need VBN lesk 162 14 before before IN lesk 162 15 doctors doctor NNS lesk 162 16 will will MD lesk 162 17 be be VB lesk 162 18 willing willing JJ lesk 162 19 to to TO lesk 162 20 believe believe VB lesk 162 21 them -PRON- PRP lesk 162 22 . . . lesk 163 1 What what WP lesk 163 2 should should MD lesk 163 3 we -PRON- PRP lesk 163 4 do do VB lesk 163 5 ? ? . lesk 164 1 Software software NN lesk 164 2 testing testing NN lesk 164 3 generally generally RB lesk 164 4 is be VBZ lesk 164 5 a a DT lesk 164 6 decades decade NNS lesk 164 7 - - HYPH lesk 164 8 old old JJ lesk 164 9 discipline discipline NN lesk 164 10 , , , lesk 164 11 and and CC lesk 164 12 many many JJ lesk 164 13 basic basic JJ lesk 164 14 principles principle NNS lesk 164 15 of of IN lesk 164 16 regression regression NN lesk 164 17 testing testing NN lesk 164 18 apply apply NN lesk 164 19 here here RB lesk 164 20 also also RB lesk 164 21 : : : lesk 164 22 · · NFP lesk 164 23 Test test NN lesk 164 24 data datum NNS lesk 164 25 should should MD lesk 164 26 cover cover VB lesk 164 27 the the DT lesk 164 28 full full JJ lesk 164 29 range range NN lesk 164 30 of of IN lesk 164 31 expected expect VBN lesk 164 32 input input NN lesk 164 33 . . . lesk 165 1 · · NFP lesk 165 2 Test test NN lesk 165 3 data datum NNS lesk 165 4 should should MD lesk 165 5 also also RB lesk 165 6 cover cover VB lesk 165 7 unexpected unexpected JJ lesk 165 8 and and CC lesk 165 9 even even RB lesk 165 10 illegal illegal JJ lesk 165 11 input input NN lesk 165 12 . . . lesk 166 1 · · NFP lesk 166 2 Test test NN lesk 166 3 data datum NNS lesk 166 4 should should MD lesk 166 5 include include VB lesk 166 6 known know VBN lesk 166 7 past past JJ lesk 166 8 failures failure NNS lesk 166 9 believed believe VBN lesk 166 10 cleared clear VBN lesk 166 11 up up RP lesk 166 12 . . . lesk 167 1 · · NFP lesk 167 2 Test test NN lesk 167 3 data datum NNS lesk 167 4 should should MD lesk 167 5 exercise exercise VB lesk 167 6 all all DT lesk 167 7 parts part NNS lesk 167 8 of of IN lesk 167 9 the the DT lesk 167 10 program program NN lesk 167 11 , , , lesk 167 12 and and CC lesk 167 13 all all DT lesk 167 14 important important JJ lesk 167 15 paths path NNS lesk 167 16 ( ( -LRB- lesk 167 17 coverage coverage NN lesk 167 18 ) ) -RRB- lesk 167 19 . . . lesk 168 1 · · NFP lesk 168 2 Test test NN lesk 168 3 data datum NNS lesk 168 4 should should MD lesk 168 5 include include VB lesk 168 6 a a DT lesk 168 7 set set NN lesk 168 8 of of IN lesk 168 9 data datum NNS lesk 168 10 which which WDT lesk 168 11 is be VBZ lesk 168 12 representative representative JJ lesk 168 13 of of IN lesk 168 14 the the DT lesk 168 15 distribution distribution NN lesk 168 16 of of IN lesk 168 17 actual actual JJ lesk 168 18 data datum NNS lesk 168 19 , , , lesk 168 20 to to TO lesk 168 21 be be VB lesk 168 22 used use VBN lesk 168 23 for for IN lesk 168 24 timing timing NN lesk 168 25 purposes purpose NNS lesk 168 26 . . . lesk 169 1 It -PRON- PRP lesk 169 2 is be VBZ lesk 169 3 difficult difficult JJ lesk 169 4 to to TO lesk 169 5 apply apply VB lesk 169 6 these these DT lesk 169 7 ideas idea NNS lesk 169 8 in in IN lesk 169 9 parts part NNS lesk 169 10 of of IN lesk 169 11 the the DT lesk 169 12 AI AI NNP lesk 169 13 world world NN lesk 169 14 . . . lesk 170 1 If if IN lesk 170 2 the the DT lesk 170 3 allowed allow VBN lesk 170 4 input input NN lesk 170 5 is be VBZ lesk 170 6 speech speech NN lesk 170 7 , , , lesk 170 8 there there EX lesk 170 9 is be VBZ lesk 170 10 no no DT lesk 170 11 exhaustive exhaustive JJ lesk 170 12 list list NN lesk 170 13 of of IN lesk 170 14 utterances utterance NNS lesk 170 15 which which WDT lesk 170 16 can can MD lesk 170 17 be be VB lesk 170 18 sampled sample VBN lesk 170 19 . . . lesk 171 1 If if IN lesk 171 2 a a DT lesk 171 3 black black JJ lesk 171 4 - - HYPH lesk 171 5 box box NN lesk 171 6 commercial commercial JJ lesk 171 7 machine machine NN lesk 171 8 learning learning NN lesk 171 9 package package NN lesk 171 10 is be VBZ lesk 171 11 being be VBG lesk 171 12 used use VBN lesk 171 13 , , , lesk 171 14 there there EX lesk 171 15 is be VBZ lesk 171 16 no no DT lesk 171 17 way way NN lesk 171 18 to to TO lesk 171 19 ask ask VB lesk 171 20 about about IN lesk 171 21 coverage coverage NN lesk 171 22 of of IN lesk 171 23 any any DT lesk 171 24 number number NN lesk 171 25 of of IN lesk 171 26 test test NN lesk 171 27 cases case NNS lesk 171 28 . . . lesk 172 1 If if IN lesk 172 2 a a DT lesk 172 3 program program NN lesk 172 4 is be VBZ lesk 172 5 constantly constantly RB lesk 172 6 learning learn VBG lesk 172 7 from from IN lesk 172 8 new new JJ lesk 172 9 data datum NNS lesk 172 10 , , , lesk 172 11 there there EX lesk 172 12 is be VBZ lesk 172 13 no no DT lesk 172 14 list list NN lesk 172 15 of of IN lesk 172 16 previously previously RB lesk 172 17 fixed fix VBN lesk 172 18 failures failure NNS lesk 172 19 to to TO lesk 172 20 be be VB lesk 172 21 collected collect VBN lesk 172 22 that that DT lesk 172 23 reflects reflect VBZ lesk 172 24 the the DT lesk 172 25 constantly constantly RB lesk 172 26 changing change VBG lesk 172 27 program program NN lesk 172 28 . . . lesk 173 1 And and CC lesk 173 2 obviously obviously RB lesk 173 3 the the DT lesk 173 4 circumstances circumstance NNS lesk 173 5 of of IN lesk 173 6 use use NN lesk 173 7 matter matter NN lesk 173 8 . . . lesk 174 1 We -PRON- PRP lesk 174 2 may may MD lesk 174 3 well well RB lesk 174 4 , , , lesk 174 5 as as IN lesk 174 6 a a DT lesk 174 7 society society NN lesk 174 8 , , , lesk 174 9 decide decide VB lesk 174 10 that that IN lesk 174 11 forcing force VBG lesk 174 12 banks bank NNS lesk 174 13 evaluating evaluate VBG lesk 174 14 loan loan NN lesk 174 15 applications application NNS lesk 174 16 to to TO lesk 174 17 use use VB lesk 174 18 decision decision NN lesk 174 19 trees tree NNS lesk 174 20 instead instead RB lesk 174 21 of of IN lesk 174 22 deep deep JJ lesk 174 23 learning learning NN lesk 174 24 is be VBZ lesk 174 25 appropriate appropriate JJ lesk 174 26 , , , lesk 174 27 so so IN lesk 174 28 that that IN lesk 174 29 we -PRON- PRP lesk 174 30 know know VBP lesk 174 31 whether whether IN lesk 174 32 illegal illegal JJ lesk 174 33 discrimination discrimination NN lesk 174 34 is be VBZ lesk 174 35 going go VBG lesk 174 36 on on RP lesk 174 37 , , , lesk 174 38 even even RB lesk 174 39 if if IN lesk 174 40 this this DT lesk 174 41 raises raise VBZ lesk 174 42 the the DT lesk 174 43 costs cost NNS lesk 174 44 to to IN lesk 174 45 the the DT lesk 174 46 banks bank NNS lesk 174 47 . . . lesk 175 1 We -PRON- PRP lesk 175 2 might may MD lesk 175 3 also also RB lesk 175 4 believe believe VB lesk 175 5 that that IN lesk 175 6 the the DT lesk 175 7 safest safe JJS lesk 175 8 possible possible JJ lesk 175 9 railway railway NN lesk 175 10 operation operation NN lesk 175 11 is be VBZ lesk 175 12 important important JJ lesk 175 13 , , , lesk 175 14 even even RB lesk 175 15 if if IN lesk 175 16 the the DT lesk 175 17 automated automate VBN lesk 175 18 train train NN lesk 175 19 does do VBZ lesk 175 20 n’t not RB lesk 175 21 routinely routinely RB lesk 175 22 explain explain VB lesk 175 23 how how WRB lesk 175 24 it -PRON- PRP lesk 175 25 balanced balance VBD lesk 175 26 its -PRON- PRP$ lesk 175 27 choices choice NNS lesk 175 28 of of IN lesk 175 29 acceleration acceleration NN lesk 175 30 to to TO lesk 175 31 achieve achieve VB lesk 175 32 high high JJ lesk 175 33 punctuality punctuality NN lesk 175 34 and and CC lesk 175 35 low low JJ lesk 175 36 risk risk NN lesk 175 37 . . . lesk 176 1 What what WP lesk 176 2 would would MD lesk 176 3 I -PRON- PRP lesk 176 4 suggest suggest VB lesk 176 5 ? ? . lesk 177 1 Organizationally organizationally RB lesk 177 2 : : : lesk 177 3 · · NFP lesk 177 4 Have have VBP lesk 177 5 teams team NNS lesk 177 6 including include VBG lesk 177 7 both both CC lesk 177 8 the the DT lesk 177 9 computer computer NN lesk 177 10 scientists scientist NNS lesk 177 11 and and CC lesk 177 12 the the DT lesk 177 13 users user NNS lesk 177 14 . . . lesk 178 1 · · NFP lesk 178 2 Collaborate collaborate VB lesk 178 3 with with IN lesk 178 4 a a DT lesk 178 5 statistician statistician NN lesk 178 6 : : : lesk 178 7 they -PRON- PRP lesk 178 8 ’ve have VB lesk 178 9 seen see VBN lesk 178 10 a a DT lesk 178 11 lot lot NN lesk 178 12 of of IN lesk 178 13 these these DT lesk 178 14 problems problem NNS lesk 178 15 before before RB lesk 178 16 . . . lesk 179 1 · · NFP lesk 179 2 Work work VB lesk 179 3 on on IN lesk 179 4 easier easy JJR lesk 179 5 problems problem NNS lesk 179 6 . . . lesk 180 1 As as IN lesk 180 2 examples example NNS lesk 180 3 , , , lesk 180 4 I -PRON- PRP lesk 180 5 watched watch VBD lesk 180 6 a a DT lesk 180 7 group group NN lesk 180 8 of of IN lesk 180 9 zoologists zoologists NNPS lesk 180 10 with with IN lesk 180 11 a a DT lesk 180 12 group group NN lesk 180 13 of of IN lesk 180 14 computer computer NN lesk 180 15 scientists scientist NNS lesk 180 16 discussing discuss VBG lesk 180 17 how how WRB lesk 180 18 to to TO lesk 180 19 improve improve VB lesk 180 20 accuracy accuracy NN lesk 180 21 at at IN lesk 180 22 identifying identify VBG lesk 180 23 animals animal NNS lesk 180 24 in in IN lesk 180 25 photographs photograph NNS lesk 180 26 . . . lesk 181 1 The the DT lesk 181 2 discussion discussion NN lesk 181 3 indicated indicate VBD lesk 181 4 that that IN lesk 181 5 you -PRON- PRP lesk 181 6 needed need VBD lesk 181 7 hundreds hundred NNS lesk 181 8 of of IN lesk 181 9 training training NN lesk 181 10 examples example NNS lesk 181 11 at at IN lesk 181 12 a a DT lesk 181 13 minimum minimum NN lesk 181 14 , , , lesk 181 15 if if IN lesk 181 16 not not RB lesk 181 17 thousands thousand NNS lesk 181 18 , , , lesk 181 19 since since IN lesk 181 20 the the DT lesk 181 21 animals animal NNS lesk 181 22 do do VBP lesk 181 23 not not RB lesk 181 24 typically typically RB lesk 181 25 walk walk VB lesk 181 26 up up IN lesk 181 27 to to IN lesk 181 28 the the DT lesk 181 29 camera camera NN lesk 181 30 and and CC lesk 181 31 pose pose VB lesk 181 32 for for IN lesk 181 33 a a DT lesk 181 34 full full JJ lesk 181 35 - - HYPH lesk 181 36 frame frame NN lesk 181 37 shot shot NN lesk 181 38 . . . lesk 182 1 It -PRON- PRP lesk 182 2 was be VBD lesk 182 3 important important JJ lesk 182 4 to to TO lesk 182 5 have have VB lesk 182 6 both both CC lesk 182 7 the the DT lesk 182 8 people people NNS lesk 182 9 who who WP lesk 182 10 understood understand VBD lesk 182 11 the the DT lesk 182 12 learning learning NN lesk 182 13 systems system NNS lesk 182 14 and and CC lesk 182 15 the the DT lesk 182 16 people people NNS lesk 182 17 who who WP lesk 182 18 knew know VBD lesk 182 19 what what WP lesk 182 20 the the DT lesk 182 21 pictures picture NNS lesk 182 22 were be VBD lesk 182 23 realistically realistically RB lesk 182 24 like like IN lesk 182 25 . . . lesk 183 1 The the DT lesk 183 2 most most RBS lesk 183 3 amusing amusing JJ lesk 183 4 contribution contribution NN lesk 183 5 by by IN lesk 183 6 a a DT lesk 183 7 statistician statistician NN lesk 183 8 happened happen VBD lesk 183 9 when when WRB lesk 183 10 a a DT lesk 183 11 computer computer NN lesk 183 12 scientist scientist NN lesk 183 13 offered offer VBD lesk 183 14 a a DT lesk 183 15 program program NN lesk 183 16 that that WDT lesk 183 17 tried try VBD lesk 183 18 to to TO lesk 183 19 recognize recognize VB lesk 183 20 individual individual JJ lesk 183 21 giraffes giraffe NNS lesk 183 22 , , , lesk 183 23 and and CC lesk 183 24 a a DT lesk 183 25 zoologist zoologist NN lesk 183 26 complained complain VBD lesk 183 27 that that IN lesk 183 28 it -PRON- PRP lesk 183 29 only only RB lesk 183 30 worked work VBD lesk 183 31 if if IN lesk 183 32 you -PRON- PRP lesk 183 33 had have VBD lesk 183 34 a a DT lesk 183 35 view view NN lesk 183 36 of of IN lesk 183 37 the the DT lesk 183 38 right right JJ lesk 183 39 - - HYPH lesk 183 40 hand hand NN lesk 183 41 side side NN lesk 183 42 of of IN lesk 183 43 the the DT lesk 183 44 giraffe giraffe NN lesk 183 45 . . . lesk 184 1 Somebody somebody NN lesk 184 2 who who WP lesk 184 3 knew know VBD lesk 184 4 statistics statistic NNS lesk 184 5 perked perk VBD lesk 184 6 up up RP lesk 184 7 and and CC lesk 184 8 said say VBD lesk 184 9 “ " `` lesk 184 10 it -PRON- PRP lesk 184 11 ’s ’ VBZ lesk 184 12 a a DT lesk 184 13 50 50 CD lesk 184 14 % % NN lesk 184 15 chance chance NN lesk 184 16 of of IN lesk 184 17 recognizing recognize VBG lesk 184 18 the the DT lesk 184 19 animal animal NN lesk 184 20 ? ? . lesk 185 1 I -PRON- PRP lesk 185 2 can can MD lesk 185 3 do do VB lesk 185 4 the the DT lesk 185 5 math math NN lesk 185 6 for for IN lesk 185 7 that that DT lesk 185 8 . . . lesk 185 9 ” " '' lesk 185 10 And and CC lesk 185 11 it -PRON- PRP lesk 185 12 is be VBZ lesk 185 13 simpler simple JJR lesk 185 14 to to TO lesk 185 15 do do VB lesk 185 16 “ " `` lesk 185 17 is be VBZ lesk 185 18 there there EX lesk 185 19 any any DT lesk 185 20 animal animal NN lesk 185 21 in in IN lesk 185 22 the the DT lesk 185 23 picture picture NN lesk 185 24 ? ? . lesk 185 25 ” " '' lesk 185 26 before before IN lesk 185 27 asking ask VBG lesk 185 28 “ " `` lesk 185 29 which which WDT lesk 185 30 animal animal NN lesk 185 31 is be VBZ lesk 185 32 it -PRON- PRP lesk 185 33 ? ? . lesk 185 34 ” " '' lesk 185 35 and and CC lesk 185 36 create create VB lesk 185 37 two two CD lesk 185 38 easier easy JJR lesk 185 39 problems problem NNS lesk 185 40 . . . lesk 186 1 Technically technically RB lesk 186 2 : : : lesk 186 3 · · NFP lesk 186 4 Try try VB lesk 186 5 to to TO lesk 186 6 interpolate interpolate VB lesk 186 7 rather rather RB lesk 186 8 than than IN lesk 186 9 extrapolate extrapolate VB lesk 186 10 : : : lesk 186 11 use use VB lesk 186 12 the the DT lesk 186 13 algorithm algorithm NN lesk 186 14 on on IN lesk 186 15 points point NNS lesk 186 16 “ " `` lesk 186 17 inside inside RB lesk 186 18 ” " '' lesk 186 19 the the DT lesk 186 20 training training NN lesk 186 21 set set NN lesk 186 22 ( ( -LRB- lesk 186 23 thinking think VBG lesk 186 24 in in IN lesk 186 25 multiple multiple JJ lesk 186 26 dimensions dimension NNS lesk 186 27 ) ) -RRB- lesk 186 28 . . . lesk 187 1 · · NFP lesk 187 2 Lean lean VB lesk 187 3 towards towards IN lesk 187 4 feature feature NN lesk 187 5 detection detection NN lesk 187 6 and and CC lesk 187 7 modeling model VBG lesk 187 8 rather rather RB lesk 187 9 than than IN lesk 187 10 completely completely RB lesk 187 11 unsupervised unsupervise VBN lesk 187 12 learning learning NN lesk 187 13 . . . lesk 188 1 · · NFP lesk 188 2 Emphasize emphasize VB lesk 188 3 continuous continuous JJ lesk 188 4 rather rather RB lesk 188 5 than than IN lesk 188 6 discrete discrete JJ lesk 188 7 variables variable NNS lesk 188 8 . . . lesk 189 1 I -PRON- PRP lesk 189 2 suggest suggest VBP lesk 189 3 using use VBG lesk 189 4 methods method NNS lesk 189 5 that that WDT lesk 189 6 involve involve VBP lesk 189 7 feature feature NN lesk 189 8 detection detection NN lesk 189 9 , , , lesk 189 10 since since IN lesk 189 11 that that DT lesk 189 12 tells tell VBZ lesk 189 13 you -PRON- PRP lesk 189 14 what what WP lesk 189 15 the the DT lesk 189 16 algorithm algorithm NNP lesk 189 17 is be VBZ lesk 189 18 relying rely VBG lesk 189 19 on on IN lesk 189 20 . . . lesk 190 1 For for IN lesk 190 2 example example NN lesk 190 3 , , , lesk 190 4 consider consider VB lesk 190 5 the the DT lesk 190 6 Google Google NNP lesk 190 7 Flu Flu NNP lesk 190 8 Trends Trends NNP lesk 190 9 failure failure NN lesk 190 10 ; ; : lesk 190 11 the the DT lesk 190 12 public public NN lesk 190 13 was be VBD lesk 190 14 not not RB lesk 190 15 told tell VBN lesk 190 16 what what WP lesk 190 17 terms term NNS lesk 190 18 were be VBD lesk 190 19 used use VBN lesk 190 20 . . . lesk 191 1 As as IN lesk 191 2 David David NNP lesk 191 3 Lazer Lazer NNP lesk 191 4 noted note VBD lesk 191 5 , , , lesk 191 6 some some DT lesk 191 7 of of IN lesk 191 8 them -PRON- PRP lesk 191 9 were be VBD lesk 191 10 just just RB lesk 191 11 “ " `` lesk 191 12 winter winter NN lesk 191 13 ” " '' lesk 191 14 terms term NNS lesk 191 15 ( ( -LRB- lesk 191 16 like like UH lesk 191 17 ‘ ' `` lesk 191 18 basketball basketball NN lesk 191 19 ’ ' '' lesk 191 20 ) ) -RRB- lesk 191 21 . . . lesk 192 1 If if IN lesk 192 2 you -PRON- PRP lesk 192 3 know know VBP lesk 192 4 that that IN lesk 192 5 , , , lesk 192 6 you -PRON- PRP lesk 192 7 might may MD lesk 192 8 be be VB lesk 192 9 skeptical skeptical JJ lesk 192 10 . . . lesk 193 1 More more RBR lesk 193 2 significant significant JJ lesk 193 3 are be VBP lesk 193 4 decisions decision NNS lesk 193 5 like like IN lesk 193 6 jail jail NN lesk 193 7 sentences sentence NNS lesk 193 8 or or CC lesk 193 9 college college NN lesk 193 10 admissions admission NNS lesk 193 11 ; ; , lesk 193 12 knowing know VBG lesk 193 13 that that DT lesk 193 14 racial racial JJ lesk 193 15 or or CC lesk 193 16 religious religious JJ lesk 193 17 discrimination discrimination NN lesk 193 18 are be VBP lesk 193 19 not not RB lesk 193 20 relevant relevant JJ lesk 193 21 can can MD lesk 193 22 be be VB lesk 193 23 verified verify VBN lesk 193 24 by by IN lesk 193 25 knowing know VBG lesk 193 26 that that IN lesk 193 27 the the DT lesk 193 28 program program NN lesk 193 29 did do VBD lesk 193 30 not not RB lesk 193 31 use use VB lesk 193 32 them -PRON- PRP lesk 193 33 . . . lesk 194 1 Knowing know VBG lesk 194 2 what what WP lesk 194 3 features feature NNS lesk 194 4 were be VBD lesk 194 5 used use VBN lesk 194 6 can can MD lesk 194 7 sometimes sometimes RB lesk 194 8 help help VB lesk 194 9 the the DT lesk 194 10 user user NN lesk 194 11 : : : lesk 194 12 if if IN lesk 194 13 you -PRON- PRP lesk 194 14 know know VBP lesk 194 15 that that IN lesk 194 16 your -PRON- PRP$ lesk 194 17 loan loan NN lesk 194 18 application application NN lesk 194 19 was be VBD lesk 194 20 downrated downrate VBN lesk 194 21 because because IN lesk 194 22 of of IN lesk 194 23 your -PRON- PRP$ lesk 194 24 credit credit NN lesk 194 25 score score NN lesk 194 26 , , , lesk 194 27 it -PRON- PRP lesk 194 28 may may MD lesk 194 29 be be VB lesk 194 30 possible possible JJ lesk 194 31 for for IN lesk 194 32 you -PRON- PRP lesk 194 33 to to TO lesk 194 34 pay pay VB lesk 194 35 off off RP lesk 194 36 some some DT lesk 194 37 bill bill NN lesk 194 38 to to TO lesk 194 39 raise raise VB lesk 194 40 the the DT lesk 194 41 score score NN lesk 194 42 . . . lesk 195 1 Sometimes sometimes RB lesk 195 2 you -PRON- PRP lesk 195 3 have have VBP lesk 195 4 to to TO lesk 195 5 use use VB lesk 195 6 categorical categorical JJ lesk 195 7 variables variable NNS lesk 195 8 ( ( -LRB- lesk 195 9 what what WP lesk 195 10 county county NN lesk 195 11 do do VBP lesk 195 12 you -PRON- PRP lesk 195 13 live live VB lesk 195 14 in in IN lesk 195 15 ? ? . lesk 195 16 ) ) -RRB- lesk 196 1 but but CC lesk 196 2 if if IN lesk 196 3 you -PRON- PRP lesk 196 4 have have VBP lesk 196 5 a a DT lesk 196 6 choice choice NN lesk 196 7 of of IN lesk 196 8 how how WRB lesk 196 9 you -PRON- PRP lesk 196 10 phrase phrase VBP lesk 196 11 a a DT lesk 196 12 variable variable NN lesk 196 13 , , , lesk 196 14 asking ask VBG lesk 196 15 something something NN lesk 196 16 like like IN lesk 196 17 “ " `` lesk 196 18 how how WRB lesk 196 19 many many JJ lesk 196 20 minutes minute NNS lesk 196 21 a a DT lesk 196 22 day day NN lesk 196 23 do do VBP lesk 196 24 you -PRON- PRP lesk 196 25 spend spend VB lesk 196 26 reading read VBG lesk 196 27 ? ? . lesk 196 28 ” " '' lesk 196 29 is be VBZ lesk 196 30 likely likely JJ lesk 196 31 to to TO lesk 196 32 produce produce VB lesk 196 33 a a DT lesk 196 34 better well JJR lesk 196 35 fit fit NN lesk 196 36 than than IN lesk 196 37 asking ask VBG lesk 196 38 people people NNS lesk 196 39 to to TO lesk 196 40 choose choose VB lesk 196 41 “ " `` lesk 196 42 how how WRB lesk 196 43 much much JJ lesk 196 44 do do VBP lesk 196 45 you -PRON- PRP lesk 196 46 read read VB lesk 196 47 : : : lesk 196 48 never never RB lesk 196 49 , , , lesk 196 50 sometimes sometimes RB lesk 196 51 , , , lesk 196 52 a a DT lesk 196 53 lot lot NN lesk 196 54 ? ? . lesk 196 55 ” " '' lesk 196 56 A a DT lesk 196 57 machine machine NN lesk 196 58 learning learn VBG lesk 196 59 algorithm algorithm NN lesk 196 60 may may MD lesk 196 61 tell tell VB lesk 196 62 you -PRON- PRP lesk 196 63 how how WRB lesk 196 64 much much JJ lesk 196 65 of of IN lesk 196 66 the the DT lesk 196 67 variance variance NN lesk 196 68 each each DT lesk 196 69 input input NN lesk 196 70 variable variable NN lesk 196 71 explains explain VBZ lesk 196 72 ; ; : lesk 196 73 you -PRON- PRP lesk 196 74 can can MD lesk 196 75 use use VB lesk 196 76 that that DT lesk 196 77 information information NN lesk 196 78 to to TO lesk 196 79 focus focus VB lesk 196 80 on on IN lesk 196 81 the the DT lesk 196 82 variables variable NNS lesk 196 83 that that WDT lesk 196 84 are be VBP lesk 196 85 most most RBS lesk 196 86 important important JJ lesk 196 87 to to IN lesk 196 88 your -PRON- PRP$ lesk 196 89 problem problem NN lesk 196 90 , , , lesk 196 91 and and CC lesk 196 92 decide decide VB lesk 196 93 whether whether IN lesk 196 94 you -PRON- PRP lesk 196 95 think think VBP lesk 196 96 you -PRON- PRP lesk 196 97 are be VBP lesk 196 98 measuring measure VBG lesk 196 99 them -PRON- PRP lesk 196 100 well well RB lesk 196 101 enough enough RB lesk 196 102 . . . lesk 197 1 Why why WRB lesk 197 2 not not RB lesk 197 3 extrapolate extrapolate JJ lesk 197 4 ? ? . lesk 198 1 Sadly sadly RB lesk 198 2 , , , lesk 198 3 as as IN lesk 198 4 I -PRON- PRP lesk 198 5 write write VBP lesk 198 6 this this DT lesk 198 7 in in IN lesk 198 8 early early JJ lesk 198 9 April April NNP lesk 198 10 2020 2020 CD lesk 198 11 , , , lesk 198 12 we -PRON- PRP lesk 198 13 are be VBP lesk 198 14 seeing see VBG lesk 198 15 all all DT lesk 198 16 sorts sort NNS lesk 198 17 of of IN lesk 198 18 extrapolations extrapolation NNS lesk 198 19 of of IN lesk 198 20 the the DT lesk 198 21 COVID-19 covid-19 NN lesk 198 22 epidemic epidemic NN lesk 198 23 , , , lesk 198 24 with with IN lesk 198 25 expected expect VBN lesk 198 26 US US NNP lesk 198 27 deaths death NNS lesk 198 28 ranging range VBG lesk 198 29 from from IN lesk 198 30 30,000 30,000 CD lesk 198 31 to to IN lesk 198 32 2 2 CD lesk 198 33 million million CD lesk 198 34 , , , lesk 198 35 as as IN lesk 198 36 people people NNS lesk 198 37 try try VBP lesk 198 38 to to TO lesk 198 39 fit fit VB lesk 198 40 various various JJ lesk 198 41 functions function NNS lesk 198 42 ( ( -LRB- lesk 198 43 Gaussians Gaussians NNP lesk 198 44 , , , lesk 198 45 logistic logistic JJ lesk 198 46 regression regression NN lesk 198 47 , , , lesk 198 48 or or CC lesk 198 49 whatever whatever WDT lesk 198 50 ) ) -RRB- lesk 198 51 with with IN lesk 198 52 inadequately inadequately RB lesk 198 53 precise precise JJ lesk 198 54 data datum NNS lesk 198 55 and and CC lesk 198 56 uncertain uncertain JJ lesk 198 57 models model NNS lesk 198 58 . . . lesk 199 1 A a DT lesk 199 2 simpler simple JJR lesk 199 3 example example NN lesk 199 4 is be VBZ lesk 199 5 Mark Mark NNP lesk 199 6 Twain Twain NNP lesk 199 7 ’s ’s '' lesk 199 8 : : : lesk 199 9 “ " `` lesk 199 10 In in IN lesk 199 11 the the DT lesk 199 12 space space NN lesk 199 13 of of IN lesk 199 14 one one CD lesk 199 15 hundred hundred CD lesk 199 16 and and CC lesk 199 17 seventy seventy CD lesk 199 18 - - HYPH lesk 199 19 six six CD lesk 199 20 years year NNS lesk 199 21 the the DT lesk 199 22 Lower low JJR lesk 199 23 Mississippi Mississippi NNP lesk 199 24 has have VBZ lesk 199 25 shortened shorten VBN lesk 199 26 itself -PRON- PRP lesk 199 27 two two CD lesk 199 28 hundred hundred CD lesk 199 29 and and CC lesk 199 30 forty forty CD lesk 199 31 - - HYPH lesk 199 32 two two CD lesk 199 33 miles mile NNS lesk 199 34 . . . lesk 200 1 That that DT lesk 200 2 is be VBZ lesk 200 3 an an DT lesk 200 4 average average NN lesk 200 5 of of IN lesk 200 6 a a DT lesk 200 7 trifle trifle NN lesk 200 8 over over IN lesk 200 9 one one CD lesk 200 10 mile mile NN lesk 200 11 and and CC lesk 200 12 a a DT lesk 200 13 third third NN lesk 200 14 per per IN lesk 200 15 year year NN lesk 200 16 . . . lesk 201 1 Therefore therefore RB lesk 201 2 , , , lesk 201 3 any any DT lesk 201 4 calm calm JJ lesk 201 5 person person NN lesk 201 6 , , , lesk 201 7 who who WP lesk 201 8 is be VBZ lesk 201 9 not not RB lesk 201 10 blind blind JJ lesk 201 11 or or CC lesk 201 12 idiotic idiotic JJ lesk 201 13 , , , lesk 201 14 can can MD lesk 201 15 see see VB lesk 201 16 that that IN lesk 201 17 in in IN lesk 201 18 the the DT lesk 201 19 ‘ ' `` lesk 201 20 Old Old NNP lesk 201 21 Oolitic oolitic JJ lesk 201 22 Silurian silurian JJ lesk 201 23 Period Period NNP lesk 201 24 , , , lesk 201 25 ’ ' '' lesk 201 26 just just RB lesk 201 27 a a DT lesk 201 28 million million CD lesk 201 29 years year NNS lesk 201 30 ago ago RB lesk 201 31 next next JJ lesk 201 32 November November NNP lesk 201 33 , , , lesk 201 34 the the DT lesk 201 35 Lower Lower NNP lesk 201 36 Mississippi Mississippi NNP lesk 201 37 River River NNP lesk 201 38 was be VBD lesk 201 39 upwards upwards JJ lesk 201 40 of of IN lesk 201 41 one one CD lesk 201 42 million million CD lesk 201 43 three three CD lesk 201 44 hundred hundred CD lesk 201 45 thousand thousand CD lesk 201 46 miles mile NNS lesk 201 47 long long JJ lesk 201 48 , , , lesk 201 49 and and CC lesk 201 50 stuck stick VBD lesk 201 51 out out RB lesk 201 52 over over IN lesk 201 53 the the DT lesk 201 54 Gulf Gulf NNP lesk 201 55 of of IN lesk 201 56 Mexico Mexico NNP lesk 201 57 like like IN lesk 201 58 a a DT lesk 201 59 fishing fishing NN lesk 201 60 - - HYPH lesk 201 61 rod rod NN lesk 201 62 . . . lesk 202 1 And and CC lesk 202 2 by by IN lesk 202 3 the the DT lesk 202 4 same same JJ lesk 202 5 token token NN lesk 202 6 any any DT lesk 202 7 person person NN lesk 202 8 can can MD lesk 202 9 see see VB lesk 202 10 that that IN lesk 202 11 seven seven CD lesk 202 12 hundred hundred CD lesk 202 13 and and CC lesk 202 14 forty forty CD lesk 202 15 - - HYPH lesk 202 16 two two CD lesk 202 17 years year NNS lesk 202 18 from from IN lesk 202 19 now now RB lesk 202 20 the the DT lesk 202 21 Lower Lower NNP lesk 202 22 Mississippi Mississippi NNP lesk 202 23 will will MD lesk 202 24 be be VB lesk 202 25 only only RB lesk 202 26 a a DT lesk 202 27 mile mile NN lesk 202 28 and and CC lesk 202 29 three three CD lesk 202 30 - - HYPH lesk 202 31 quarters quarter NNS lesk 202 32 long long JJ lesk 202 33 , , , lesk 202 34 and and CC lesk 202 35 Cairo Cairo NNP lesk 202 36 and and CC lesk 202 37 New New NNP lesk 202 38 Orleans Orleans NNP lesk 202 39 will will MD lesk 202 40 have have VB lesk 202 41 joined join VBN lesk 202 42 their -PRON- PRP$ lesk 202 43 streets street NNS lesk 202 44 together together RB lesk 202 45 , , , lesk 202 46 and and CC lesk 202 47 be be VB lesk 202 48 plodding plod VBG lesk 202 49 comfortably comfortably RB lesk 202 50 along along IN lesk 202 51 under under IN lesk 202 52 a a DT lesk 202 53 single single JJ lesk 202 54 mayor mayor NN lesk 202 55 and and CC lesk 202 56 a a DT lesk 202 57 mutual mutual JJ lesk 202 58 board board NN lesk 202 59 of of IN lesk 202 60 aldermen aldermen NNP lesk 202 61 ” " '' lesk 202 62 ( ( -LRB- lesk 202 63 1883 1883 CD lesk 202 64 ) ) -RRB- lesk 202 65 . . . lesk 203 1 Finally finally RB lesk 203 2 , , , lesk 203 3 note note VB lesk 203 4 the the DT lesk 203 5 advice advice NN lesk 203 6 of of IN lesk 203 7 Edgar Edgar NNP lesk 203 8 Allan Allan NNP lesk 203 9 Poe Poe NNP lesk 203 10 : : : lesk 203 11 “ " `` lesk 203 12 Believe believe VB lesk 203 13 nothing nothing NN lesk 203 14 you -PRON- PRP lesk 203 15 hear hear VBP lesk 203 16 , , , lesk 203 17 and and CC lesk 203 18 only only RB lesk 203 19 one one CD lesk 203 20 half half NN lesk 203 21 that that WDT lesk 203 22 you -PRON- PRP lesk 203 23 see see VBP lesk 203 24 . . . lesk 203 25 ” " '' lesk 203 26 References reference NNS lesk 203 27 “ " `` lesk 203 28 AI AI NNP lesk 203 29 Recognition recognition NN lesk 203 30 Fooled fool VBN lesk 203 31 by by IN lesk 203 32 Single Single NNP lesk 203 33 Pixel Pixel NNP lesk 203 34 Change Change NNP lesk 203 35 . . . lesk 203 36 ” " '' lesk 203 37 BBC BBC NNP lesk 203 38 News News NNP lesk 203 39 , , , lesk 203 40 November November NNP lesk 203 41 3 3 CD lesk 203 42 , , , lesk 203 43 2017 2017 CD lesk 203 44 . . . lesk 203 45 https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-41845878 https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-41845878 NNP lesk 203 46 . . . lesk 204 1 “ " `` lesk 204 2 Asilomar Asilomar NNP lesk 204 3 AI AI NNP lesk 204 4 Principles Principles NNPS lesk 204 5 . . . lesk 204 6 ” " '' lesk 204 7 2017 2017 CD lesk 204 8 . . . lesk 204 9 https://futureoflife.org/ai-principles/. https://futureoflife.org/ai-principles/. ADD lesk 205 1 Bojarski Bojarski NNP lesk 205 2 , , , lesk 205 3 Mariusz Mariusz NNP lesk 205 4 , , , lesk 205 5 Larry Larry NNP lesk 205 6 Jackel Jackel NNP lesk 205 7 , , , lesk 205 8 Ben Ben NNP lesk 205 9 Firner Firner NNP lesk 205 10 , , , lesk 205 11 and and CC lesk 205 12 Urs Urs NNP lesk 205 13 Muller Muller NNP lesk 205 14 . . . lesk 206 1 2017 2017 CD lesk 206 2 . . . lesk 207 1 “ " `` lesk 207 2 Explaining explain VBG lesk 207 3 How how WRB lesk 207 4 End end NN lesk 207 5 - - HYPH lesk 207 6 to to IN lesk 207 7 - - HYPH lesk 207 8 End end NN lesk 207 9 Deep Deep NNP lesk 207 10 Learning learning NN lesk 207 11 Steers steer VBZ lesk 207 12 a a DT lesk 207 13 Self self NN lesk 207 14 - - HYPH lesk 207 15 Driving drive VBG lesk 207 16 Car car NN lesk 207 17 . . . lesk 207 18 ” " '' lesk 207 19 NVIDIA NVIDIA NNP lesk 207 20 Developer Developer NNP lesk 207 21 Blog Blog NNP lesk 207 22 . . . lesk 208 1 https://devblogs.nvidia.com/explaining-deep-learning-self-driving-car/. https://devblogs.nvidia.com/explaining-deep-learning-self-driving-car/. PRP lesk 209 1 Bornstein Bornstein NNP lesk 209 2 , , , lesk 209 3 Aaron Aaron NNP lesk 209 4 . . . lesk 210 1 2016 2016 CD lesk 210 2 . . . lesk 211 1 “ " `` lesk 211 2 Is be VBZ lesk 211 3 Artificial Artificial NNP lesk 211 4 Intelligence intelligence NN lesk 211 5 Permanently permanently RB lesk 211 6 Inscrutable inscrutable JJ lesk 211 7 ? ? . lesk 211 8 ” " '' lesk 211 9 Nautilus nautilus JJ lesk 211 10 40 40 CD lesk 211 11 ( ( -LRB- lesk 211 12 1 1 CD lesk 211 13 ) ) -RRB- lesk 211 14 . . . lesk 212 1 http://nautil.us/issue/40/learning/is-artificial-intelligence-permanently-inscrutable http://nautil.us/issue/40/learning/is-artificial-intelligence-permanently-inscrutable JJ lesk 212 2 . . . lesk 213 1 Brownlee Brownlee NNP lesk 213 2 , , , lesk 213 3 Jason Jason NNP lesk 213 4 . . . lesk 214 1 2018 2018 CD lesk 214 2 “ " `` lesk 214 3 The the DT lesk 214 4 Model Model NNP lesk 214 5 Performance Performance NNP lesk 214 6 Mismatch Mismatch NNP lesk 214 7 Problem Problem NNP lesk 214 8 ( ( -LRB- lesk 214 9 and and CC lesk 214 10 What what WP lesk 214 11 to to TO lesk 214 12 Do do VB lesk 214 13 about about IN lesk 214 14 It -PRON- PRP lesk 214 15 ) ) -RRB- lesk 214 16 . . . lesk 214 17 ” " '' lesk 214 18 Machine Machine NNP lesk 214 19 Learning Learning NNP lesk 214 20 Mastery Mastery NNP lesk 214 21 . . . lesk 215 1 https://machinelearningmastery.com/the-model-performance-mismatch-problem/. https://machinelearningmastery.com/the-model-performance-mismatch-problem/. NNP lesk 216 1 Burnside Burnside NNP lesk 216 2 , , , lesk 216 3 Elizabeth Elizabeth NNP lesk 216 4 S. S. NNP lesk 216 5 , , , lesk 216 6 Jessie Jessie NNP lesk 216 7 Davis Davis NNP lesk 216 8 , , , lesk 216 9 Jagpreet Jagpreet NNP lesk 216 10 Chhatwal Chhatwal NNP lesk 216 11 , , , lesk 216 12 Oguzhan Oguzhan NNP lesk 216 13 Alagoz Alagoz NNP lesk 216 14 , , , lesk 216 15 Mary Mary NNP lesk 216 16 J. J. NNP lesk 216 17 Lindstrom Lindstrom NNP lesk 216 18 , , , lesk 216 19 Berta Berta NNP lesk 216 20 M. M. NNP lesk 216 21 Geller Geller NNP lesk 216 22 , , , lesk 216 23 Benjamin Benjamin NNP lesk 216 24 Littenberg Littenberg NNP lesk 216 25 , , , lesk 216 26 Katherine Katherine NNP lesk 216 27 A. A. NNP lesk 216 28 Shaffer Shaffer NNP lesk 216 29 , , , lesk 216 30 Charles Charles NNP lesk 216 31 E. E. NNP lesk 216 32 Kahn Kahn NNP lesk 216 33 , , , lesk 216 34 and and CC lesk 216 35 C. C. NNP lesk 216 36 David David NNP lesk 216 37 Page Page NNP lesk 216 38 . . . lesk 217 1 2009 2009 CD lesk 217 2 . . . lesk 218 1 “ " `` lesk 218 2 Probabilistic Probabilistic NNP lesk 218 3 Computer Computer NNP lesk 218 4 Model Model NNP lesk 218 5 Developed develop VBN lesk 218 6 from from IN lesk 218 7 Clinical Clinical NNP lesk 218 8 Data Data NNP lesk 218 9 in in IN lesk 218 10 National National NNP lesk 218 11 Mammography Mammography NNP lesk 218 12 Database Database NNP lesk 218 13 Format Format NNP lesk 218 14 to to TO lesk 218 15 Classify classify VB lesk 218 16 Mammographic Mammographic NNP lesk 218 17 Findings finding NNS lesk 218 18 . . . lesk 218 19 ” " '' lesk 218 20 Radiology radiology NN lesk 218 21 251 251 CD lesk 218 22 ( ( -LRB- lesk 218 23 3 3 CD lesk 218 24 ) ) -RRB- lesk 218 25 : : : lesk 218 26 663 663 CD lesk 218 27 - - SYM lesk 218 28 72 72 CD lesk 218 29 . . . lesk 219 1 Caruana Caruana NNP lesk 219 2 , , , lesk 219 3 Rich Rich NNP lesk 219 4 , , , lesk 219 5 Yin Yin NNP lesk 219 6 Lou Lou NNP lesk 219 7 , , , lesk 219 8 Johannes Johannes NNP lesk 219 9 Gehrke Gehrke NNP lesk 219 10 , , , lesk 219 11 Paul Paul NNP lesk 219 12 Koch Koch NNP lesk 219 13 , , , lesk 219 14 Marc Marc NNP lesk 219 15 Sturm Sturm NNP lesk 219 16 , , , lesk 219 17 and and CC lesk 219 18 Noemie Noemie NNP lesk 219 19 Elhadad Elhadad NNP lesk 219 20 . . . lesk 220 1 2015 2015 CD lesk 220 2 . . . lesk 221 1 “ " `` lesk 221 2 Intelligible Intelligible NNP lesk 221 3 Models Models NNP lesk 221 4 for for IN lesk 221 5 HealthCare HealthCare NNP lesk 221 6 : : : lesk 221 7 Predicting Predicting NNP lesk 221 8 Pneumonia Pneumonia NNP lesk 221 9 Risk Risk NNP lesk 221 10 and and CC lesk 221 11 Hospital Hospital NNP lesk 221 12 30-day 30-day CD lesk 221 13 Readmission Readmission NNP lesk 221 14 . . . lesk 221 15 ” " '' lesk 221 16 In in IN lesk 221 17 Proceedings Proceedings NNP lesk 221 18 of of IN lesk 221 19 the the DT lesk 221 20 21th 21th JJ lesk 221 21 ACM ACM NNP lesk 221 22 SIGKDD SIGKDD NNP lesk 221 23 International International NNP lesk 221 24 Conference Conference NNP lesk 221 25 on on IN lesk 221 26 Knowledge Knowledge NNP lesk 221 27 Discovery Discovery NNP lesk 221 28 and and CC lesk 221 29 Data Data NNPS lesk 221 30 Mining Mining NNP lesk 221 31 ( ( -LRB- lesk 221 32 KDD KDD NNP lesk 221 33 ' ' POS lesk 221 34 15 15 CD lesk 221 35 ) ) -RRB- lesk 221 36 , , , lesk 221 37 1721 1721 CD lesk 221 38 - - SYM lesk 221 39 30 30 CD lesk 221 40 . . . lesk 222 1 New New NNP lesk 222 2 York York NNP lesk 222 3 : : : lesk 222 4 ACM ACM NNP lesk 222 5 Press Press NNP lesk 222 6 . . . lesk 223 1 https://doi.org/10.1145/2783258.2788613 https://doi.org/10.1145/2783258.2788613 ADD lesk 223 2 . . . lesk 224 1 Christensen Christensen NNP lesk 224 2 , , , lesk 224 3 Hannah Hannah NNP lesk 224 4 . . . lesk 225 1 2015 2015 CD lesk 225 2 . . . lesk 226 1 “ " `` lesk 226 2 Banking bank VBG lesk 226 3 on on IN lesk 226 4 better well JJR lesk 226 5 forecasts forecast NNS lesk 226 6 : : : lesk 226 7 the the DT lesk 226 8 new new JJ lesk 226 9 maths math NNS lesk 226 10 of of IN lesk 226 11 weather weather NN lesk 226 12 prediction prediction NN lesk 226 13 . . . lesk 226 14 ” " '' lesk 226 15 The the DT lesk 226 16 Guardian Guardian NNP lesk 226 17 , , , lesk 226 18 8 8 CD lesk 226 19 Jan Jan NNP lesk 226 20 2015 2015 CD lesk 226 21 . . . lesk 226 22 https://www.theguardian.com/science/alexs-adventures-in-numberland/2015/jan/08/banking-forecasts-maths-weather-prediction-stochastic-processes https://www.theguardian.com/science/alexs-adventures-in-numberland/2015/jan/08/banking-forecasts-maths-weather-prediction-stochastic-processes NNP lesk 226 23 . . . lesk 227 1 Eykholt eykholt NN lesk 227 2 , , , lesk 227 3 Kevin Kevin NNP lesk 227 4 , , , lesk 227 5 Ivan Ivan NNP lesk 227 6 Evtimov Evtimov NNP lesk 227 7 , , , lesk 227 8 Earlence Earlence NNP lesk 227 9 Fernandes Fernandes NNP lesk 227 10 , , , lesk 227 11 Bo Bo NNP lesk 227 12 Li Li NNP lesk 227 13 , , , lesk 227 14 Amir Amir NNP lesk 227 15 Rahmati Rahmati NNP lesk 227 16 , , , lesk 227 17 Florian Florian NNP lesk 227 18 Tramèr Tramèr NNP lesk 227 19 , , , lesk 227 20 Atul Atul NNP lesk 227 21 Prakash Prakash NNP lesk 227 22 , , , lesk 227 23 Tadayoshi Tadayoshi NNP lesk 227 24 Kohno Kohno NNP lesk 227 25 , , , lesk 227 26 and and CC lesk 227 27 Dawn Dawn NNP lesk 227 28 Song Song NNP lesk 227 29 . . . lesk 228 1 2018 2018 CD lesk 228 2 . . . lesk 229 1 “ " `` lesk 229 2 Physical Physical NNP lesk 229 3 Adversarial Adversarial NNP lesk 229 4 Examples Examples NNPS lesk 229 5 for for IN lesk 229 6 Object Object NNP lesk 229 7 Detectors detector NNS lesk 229 8 . . . lesk 229 9 ” " '' lesk 229 10 12th 12th JJ lesk 229 11 USENIX USENIX NNP lesk 229 12 Workshop Workshop NNP lesk 229 13 on on IN lesk 229 14 Offensive Offensive NNP lesk 229 15 Technologies Technologies NNPS lesk 229 16 ( ( -LRB- lesk 229 17 WOOT WOOT NNP lesk 229 18 18 18 CD lesk 229 19 ) ) -RRB- lesk 229 20 . . . lesk 230 1 Guidiotti Guidiotti NNP lesk 230 2 , , , lesk 230 3 Riccardo Riccardo NNP lesk 230 4 , , , lesk 230 5 Anna Anna NNP lesk 230 6 Monreale Monreale NNP lesk 230 7 , , , lesk 230 8 Salvatore Salvatore NNP lesk 230 9 Ruggieri Ruggieri NNP lesk 230 10 , , , lesk 230 11 Franco Franco NNP lesk 230 12 Turini Turini NNP lesk 230 13 , , , lesk 230 14 Giannotti Giannotti NNP lesk 230 15 Fosca Fosca NNP lesk 230 16 , , , lesk 230 17 and and CC lesk 230 18 Dino Dino NNP lesk 230 19 Pedreschi Pedreschi NNP lesk 230 20 . . . lesk 231 1 2018 2018 CD lesk 231 2 . . . lesk 232 1 “ " `` lesk 232 2 A a DT lesk 232 3 Survey Survey NNP lesk 232 4 of of IN lesk 232 5 Methods Methods NNPS lesk 232 6 for for IN lesk 232 7 Explaining explain VBG lesk 232 8 Black Black NNP lesk 232 9 Box Box NNP lesk 232 10 Models Models NNP lesk 232 11 . . . lesk 232 12 ” " '' lesk 232 13 ACM ACM NNP lesk 232 14 Computing Computing NNP lesk 232 15 Surveys Surveys NNP lesk 232 16 51 51 CD lesk 232 17 ( ( -LRB- lesk 232 18 5 5 CD lesk 232 19 ) ) -RRB- lesk 232 20 : : : lesk 232 21 1 1 CD lesk 232 22 - - SYM lesk 232 23 42 42 CD lesk 232 24 . . . lesk 233 1 Halevy halevy UH lesk 233 2 , , , lesk 233 3 Alon Alon NNP lesk 233 4 , , , lesk 233 5 Peter Peter NNP lesk 233 6 Norvig Norvig NNP lesk 233 7 , , , lesk 233 8 and and CC lesk 233 9 Fernando Fernando NNP lesk 233 10 Pereira Pereira NNP lesk 233 11 . . . lesk 234 1 2009 2009 CD lesk 234 2 . . . lesk 235 1 “ " `` lesk 235 2 The the DT lesk 235 3 Unreasonable Unreasonable NNP lesk 235 4 Effectiveness Effectiveness NNP lesk 235 5 of of IN lesk 235 6 Data Data NNP lesk 235 7 . . . lesk 235 8 ” " '' lesk 235 9 IEEE IEEE NNP lesk 235 10 Intelligent Intelligent NNP lesk 235 11 Systems system NNS lesk 235 12 24 24 CD lesk 235 13 ( ( -LRB- lesk 235 14 2 2 CD lesk 235 15 ) ) -RRB- lesk 235 16 . . . lesk 236 1 Harley Harley NNP lesk 236 2 , , , lesk 236 3 Adam Adam NNP lesk 236 4 W. W. NNP lesk 236 5 2015 2015 CD lesk 236 6 . . . lesk 237 1 “ " `` lesk 237 2 An an DT lesk 237 3 Interactive Interactive NNP lesk 237 4 Node Node NNP lesk 237 5 - - HYPH lesk 237 6 Link Link NNP lesk 237 7 Visualization visualization NN lesk 237 8 of of IN lesk 237 9 Convolutional Convolutional NNP lesk 237 10 Neural Neural NNP lesk 237 11 Networks Networks NNP lesk 237 12 . . . lesk 237 13 ” " '' lesk 237 14 In in IN lesk 237 15 Advances advance NNS lesk 237 16 in in IN lesk 237 17 Visual Visual NNP lesk 237 18 Computing Computing NNP lesk 237 19 , , , lesk 237 20 edited edit VBN lesk 237 21 by by IN lesk 237 22 George George NNP lesk 237 23 Bebis Bebis NNP lesk 237 24 et et NNP lesk 237 25 al al NNP lesk 237 26 . . NNP lesk 237 27 , , , lesk 237 28 867 867 CD lesk 237 29 - - SYM lesk 237 30 77 77 CD lesk 237 31 . . . lesk 238 1 Lecture Lecture NNP lesk 238 2 Notes Notes NNPS lesk 238 3 in in IN lesk 238 4 Computer Computer NNP lesk 238 5 Science Science NNP lesk 238 6 . . . lesk 239 1 Cham Cham NNP lesk 239 2 : : : lesk 239 3 Springer Springer NNP lesk 239 4 International International NNP lesk 239 5 Publishing Publishing NNP lesk 239 6 . . . lesk 240 1 “ " `` lesk 240 2 How how WRB lesk 240 3 to to TO lesk 240 4 Prevent prevent VB lesk 240 5 Discriminatory Discriminatory NNP lesk 240 6 Outcomes Outcomes NNP lesk 240 7 in in IN lesk 240 8 Machine Machine NNP lesk 240 9 Learning Learning NNP lesk 240 10 . . . lesk 240 11 ” " '' lesk 240 12 2018 2018 CD lesk 240 13 . . . lesk 241 1 White White NNP lesk 241 2 Paper Paper NNP lesk 241 3 from from IN lesk 241 4 the the DT lesk 241 5 Global Global NNP lesk 241 6 Future Future NNP lesk 241 7 Council Council NNP lesk 241 8 on on IN lesk 241 9 Human Human NNP lesk 241 10 Rights Rights NNPS lesk 241 11 2016 2016 CD lesk 241 12 - - SYM lesk 241 13 2018 2018 CD lesk 241 14 , , , lesk 241 15 World World NNP lesk 241 16 Economic Economic NNP lesk 241 17 Forum Forum NNP lesk 241 18 . . . lesk 242 1 https://www.weforum.org/whitepapers/how-to-prevent-discriminatory-outcomes-in-machine-learning https://www.weforum.org/whitepapers/how-to-prevent-discriminatory-outcomes-in-machine-learning NN lesk 242 2 . . . lesk 243 1 Huang Huang NNP lesk 243 2 , , , lesk 243 3 Xuedong Xuedong NNP lesk 243 4 , , , lesk 243 5 James James NNP lesk 243 6 Baker Baker NNP lesk 243 7 , , , lesk 243 8 and and CC lesk 243 9 Raj Raj NNP lesk 243 10 Reddy Reddy NNP lesk 243 11 . . . lesk 244 1 2014 2014 CD lesk 244 2 . . . lesk 245 1 “ " `` lesk 245 2 A a DT lesk 245 3 Historical Historical NNP lesk 245 4 Perspective Perspective NNP lesk 245 5 of of IN lesk 245 6 Speech Speech NNP lesk 245 7 Recognition Recognition NNP lesk 245 8 . . . lesk 245 9 ” " '' lesk 245 10 Communications communication NNS lesk 245 11 of of IN lesk 245 12 the the DT lesk 245 13 ACM ACM NNP lesk 245 14 57 57 CD lesk 245 15 ( ( -LRB- lesk 245 16 1 1 CD lesk 245 17 ) ) -RRB- lesk 245 18 : : : lesk 245 19 94 94 CD lesk 245 20 - - SYM lesk 245 21 103 103 CD lesk 245 22 . . . lesk 246 1 Lazer Lazer NNP lesk 246 2 , , , lesk 246 3 David David NNP lesk 246 4 , , , lesk 246 5 Ryan Ryan NNP lesk 246 6 Kennedy Kennedy NNP lesk 246 7 , , , lesk 246 8 Gary Gary NNP lesk 246 9 King King NNP lesk 246 10 , , , lesk 246 11 and and CC lesk 246 12 Alessandro Alessandro NNP lesk 246 13 Vespignani Vespignani NNP lesk 246 14 . . . lesk 247 1 2014 2014 CD lesk 247 2 . . . lesk 248 1 “ " `` lesk 248 2 The the DT lesk 248 3 Parable Parable NNP lesk 248 4 of of IN lesk 248 5 Google Google NNP lesk 248 6 Flu Flu NNP lesk 248 7 : : : lesk 248 8 Traps trap NNS lesk 248 9 in in IN lesk 248 10 Big Big NNP lesk 248 11 Data Data NNP lesk 248 12 Analysis Analysis NNP lesk 248 13 . . . lesk 248 14 ” " '' lesk 248 15 Science science NN lesk 248 16 343 343 CD lesk 248 17 ( ( -LRB- lesk 248 18 6176 6176 CD lesk 248 19 ) ) -RRB- lesk 248 20 : : : lesk 248 21 1203–1205 1203–1205 ADD lesk 248 22 . . . lesk 249 1 Lehman Lehman NNP lesk 249 2 , , , lesk 249 3 Constance Constance NNP lesk 249 4 , , , lesk 249 5 Robert Robert NNP lesk 249 6 Wellman Wellman NNP lesk 249 7 , , , lesk 249 8 Diana Diana NNP lesk 249 9 Buist Buist NNP lesk 249 10 , , , lesk 249 11 Karl Karl NNP lesk 249 12 Kerlikowske Kerlikowske NNP lesk 249 13 , , , lesk 249 14 Anna Anna NNP lesk 249 15 Tosteson Tosteson NNP lesk 249 16 , , , lesk 249 17 and and CC lesk 249 18 Diana Diana NNP lesk 249 19 Miglioretti Miglioretti NNP lesk 249 20 . . . lesk 250 1 2015 2015 CD lesk 250 2 . . . lesk 251 1 “ " `` lesk 251 2 Diagnostic Diagnostic NNP lesk 251 3 Accuracy Accuracy NNP lesk 251 4 of of IN lesk 251 5 Digital Digital NNP lesk 251 6 Screening Screening NNP lesk 251 7 Mammography Mammography NNP lesk 251 8 with with IN lesk 251 9 and and CC lesk 251 10 without without IN lesk 251 11 Computer Computer NNP lesk 251 12 - - HYPH lesk 251 13 Aided aid VBN lesk 251 14 Detection detection NN lesk 251 15 . . . lesk 251 16 ” " '' lesk 251 17 JAMA JAMA NNP lesk 251 18 Intern Intern NNP lesk 251 19 Med Med NNP lesk 251 20 175 175 CD lesk 251 21 ( ( -LRB- lesk 251 22 11 11 CD lesk 251 23 ) ) -RRB- lesk 251 24 : : : lesk 251 25 1828 1828 CD lesk 251 26 - - SYM lesk 251 27 1837 1837 CD lesk 251 28 . . . lesk 252 1 Levenson Levenson NNP lesk 252 2 , , , lesk 252 3 Richard Richard NNP lesk 252 4 M. M. NNP lesk 252 5 , , , lesk 252 6 Elizabeth Elizabeth NNP lesk 252 7 A. A. NNP lesk 252 8 Krupinski Krupinski NNP lesk 252 9 , , , lesk 252 10 Victor Victor NNP lesk 252 11 M. M. NNP lesk 252 12 Navarro Navarro NNP lesk 252 13 , , , lesk 252 14 and and CC lesk 252 15 Edward Edward NNP lesk 252 16 A. A. NNP lesk 252 17 Wasserman Wasserman NNP lesk 252 18 . . . lesk 253 1 2015 2015 CD lesk 253 2 . . . lesk 254 1 “ " `` lesk 254 2 Pigeons pigeon NNS lesk 254 3 ( ( -LRB- lesk 254 4 Columba Columba NNP lesk 254 5 livia livia NN lesk 254 6 ) ) -RRB- lesk 254 7 as as IN lesk 254 8 Trainable Trainable NNP lesk 254 9 Observers Observers NNPS lesk 254 10 of of IN lesk 254 11 Pathology Pathology NNP lesk 254 12 and and CC lesk 254 13 Radiology Radiology NNP lesk 254 14 Breast Breast NNP lesk 254 15 Cancer Cancer NNP lesk 254 16 Images Images NNPS lesk 254 17 . . . lesk 254 18 ” " '' lesk 254 19 PLoS PLoS NNP lesk 254 20 One one CD lesk 254 21 , , , lesk 254 22 November November NNP lesk 254 23 18 18 CD lesk 254 24 , , , lesk 254 25 2015 2015 CD lesk 254 26 . . . lesk 254 27 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141357 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141357 NNP lesk 254 28 . . . lesk 255 1 Lipton Lipton NNP lesk 255 2 , , , lesk 255 3 Zachary Zachary NNP lesk 255 4 . . . lesk 256 1 2018 2018 CD lesk 256 2 . . . lesk 257 1 “ " `` lesk 257 2 The the DT lesk 257 3 Mythos Mythos NNP lesk 257 4 of of IN lesk 257 5 Model Model NNP lesk 257 6 Interpretability Interpretability NNP lesk 257 7 . . . lesk 257 8 ” " '' lesk 257 9 ACM ACM NNP lesk 257 10 Queue Queue NNP lesk 257 11 61 61 CD lesk 257 12 ( ( -LRB- lesk 257 13 10 10 CD lesk 257 14 ) ) -RRB- lesk 257 15 : : : lesk 257 16 36 36 CD lesk 257 17 - - SYM lesk 257 18 43 43 CD lesk 257 19 . . . lesk 258 1 Liu Liu NNP lesk 258 2 , , , lesk 258 3 Xiaoxuan Xiaoxuan NNP lesk 258 4 et et FW lesk 258 5 al al NNP lesk 258 6 . . . lesk 259 1 2019 2019 CD lesk 259 2 . . . lesk 260 1 “ " `` lesk 260 2 A a DT lesk 260 3 Comparison Comparison NNP lesk 260 4 of of IN lesk 260 5 Deep Deep NNP lesk 260 6 Learning Learning NNP lesk 260 7 Performance Performance NNP lesk 260 8 against against IN lesk 260 9 Health Health NNP lesk 260 10 - - HYPH lesk 260 11 Care Care NNP lesk 260 12 Professionals professional NNS lesk 260 13 in in IN lesk 260 14 Detecting detect VBG lesk 260 15 Diseases Diseases NNPS lesk 260 16 from from IN lesk 260 17 Medical Medical NNP lesk 260 18 Imaging Imaging NNP lesk 260 19 : : : lesk 260 20 a a DT lesk 260 21 Systematic Systematic NNP lesk 260 22 Review Review NNP lesk 260 23 and and CC lesk 260 24 Meta Meta NNP lesk 260 25 - - HYPH lesk 260 26 Analysis Analysis NNP lesk 260 27 . . . lesk 260 28 ” " '' lesk 260 29 Lancet Lancet NNP lesk 260 30 Digital Digital NNP lesk 260 31 Health Health NNP lesk 260 32 1 1 CD lesk 260 33 ( ( -LRB- lesk 260 34 6 6 CD lesk 260 35 ) ) -RRB- lesk 260 36 : : : lesk 260 37 e271 e271 LS lesk 260 38 - - SYM lesk 260 39 97 97 CD lesk 260 40 . . . lesk 261 1 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589750019301232 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589750019301232 NNP lesk 261 2 Mahjoubi Mahjoubi NNP lesk 261 3 , , , lesk 261 4 Mounir Mounir NNP lesk 261 5 . . . lesk 262 1 2018 2018 CD lesk 262 2 . . . lesk 263 1 “ " `` lesk 263 2 Assemblée assemblée JJ lesk 263 3 nationale nationale NN lesk 263 4 , , , lesk 263 5 XVe xve NN lesk 263 6 législature législature NN lesk 263 7 . . . lesk 264 1 Session session NN lesk 264 2 ordinaire ordinaire NN lesk 264 3 de de FW lesk 264 4 2017 2017 CD lesk 264 5 - - SYM lesk 264 6 2018 2018 CD lesk 264 7 . . . lesk 264 8 ” " '' lesk 264 9 Compte Compte NNP lesk 264 10 rendu rendu VBP lesk 264 11 intégral intégral NN lesk 264 12 , , , lesk 264 13 Deuxième Deuxième NNP lesk 264 14 séance séance NN lesk 264 15 du du NNP lesk 264 16 mercredi mercredi NNP lesk 264 17 07 07 CD lesk 264 18 février févri JJR lesk 264 19 2018 2018 CD lesk 264 20 . . . lesk 264 21 http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/15/cri/2017-2018/20180137.asp http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/15/cri/2017-2018/20180137.asp NNP lesk 264 22 . . . lesk 265 1 Metz Metz NNP lesk 265 2 , , , lesk 265 3 Cade Cade NNP lesk 265 4 . . . lesk 266 1 2016 2016 CD lesk 266 2 . . . lesk 267 1 “ " `` lesk 267 2 Artificial Artificial NNP lesk 267 3 Intelligence Intelligence NNP lesk 267 4 Is be VBZ lesk 267 5 Setting set VBG lesk 267 6 Up up RP lesk 267 7 the the DT lesk 267 8 Internet internet NN lesk 267 9 for for IN lesk 267 10 a a DT lesk 267 11 Huge Huge NNP lesk 267 12 Clash Clash NNP lesk 267 13 with with IN lesk 267 14 Europe Europe NNP lesk 267 15 . . . lesk 267 16 ” " '' lesk 267 17 Wired wire VBN lesk 267 18 , , , lesk 267 19 July July NNP lesk 267 20 11 11 CD lesk 267 21 , , , lesk 267 22 2016 2016 CD lesk 267 23 . . . lesk 267 24 https://www.wired.com/2016/07/artificial-intelligence-setting-internet-huge-clash-europe/. https://www.wired.com/2016/07/artificial-intelligence-setting-internet-huge-clash-europe/. ADD lesk 268 1 O’Neil O’Neil NNP lesk 268 2 , , , lesk 268 3 Cathy Cathy NNP lesk 268 4 . . . lesk 269 1 2016 2016 CD lesk 269 2 . . . lesk 270 1 Weapons Weapons NNP lesk 270 2 of of IN lesk 270 3 Math Math NNP lesk 270 4 Destruction Destruction NNP lesk 270 5 . . . lesk 271 1 New New NNP lesk 271 2 York York NNP lesk 271 3 : : : lesk 271 4 Crown Crown NNP lesk 271 5 . . . lesk 272 1 Peng Peng NNP lesk 272 2 , , , lesk 272 3 Tony Tony NNP lesk 272 4 . . . lesk 273 1 2018 2018 CD lesk 273 2 . . . lesk 274 1 “ " `` lesk 274 2 2018 2018 CD lesk 274 3 in in IN lesk 274 4 review review NN lesk 274 5 : : : lesk 274 6 10 10 CD lesk 274 7 AI ai NN lesk 274 8 failures failure NNS lesk 274 9 . . . lesk 274 10 ” " '' lesk 274 11 Medium Medium NNP lesk 274 12 , , , lesk 274 13 December December NNP lesk 274 14 10 10 CD lesk 274 15 , , , lesk 274 16 2018 2018 CD lesk 274 17 . . . lesk 274 18 https://medium.com/syncedreview/2018-in-review-10-ai-failures-c18faadf5983 https://medium.com/syncedreview/2018-in-review-10-ai-failures-c18faadf5983 ADD lesk 274 19 . . . lesk 275 1 Qureshi Qureshi NNP lesk 275 2 , , , lesk 275 3 A. a. NN lesk 275 4 I. I. NNP lesk 275 5 , , , lesk 275 6 M. M. NNP lesk 275 7 Z. Z. NNP lesk 275 8 Memon Memon NNP lesk 275 9 , , , lesk 275 10 G. G. NNP lesk 275 11 Vazquez Vazquez NNP lesk 275 12 , , , lesk 275 13 and and CC lesk 275 14 M. M. NNP lesk 275 15 F. F. NNP lesk 275 16 Suri Suri NNP lesk 275 17 . . . lesk 276 1 2009 2009 CD lesk 276 2 . . . lesk 277 1 “ " `` lesk 277 2 Cat cat NN lesk 277 3 ownership ownership NN lesk 277 4 and and CC lesk 277 5 the the DT lesk 277 6 Risk Risk NNP lesk 277 7 of of IN lesk 277 8 Fatal Fatal NNP lesk 277 9 Cardiovascular Cardiovascular NNP lesk 277 10 Diseases Diseases NNPS lesk 277 11 . . . lesk 278 1 Results result NNS lesk 278 2 from from IN lesk 278 3 the the DT lesk 278 4 Second Second NNP lesk 278 5 National National NNP lesk 278 6 Health Health NNP lesk 278 7 and and CC lesk 278 8 Nutrition Nutrition NNP lesk 278 9 Examination Examination NNP lesk 278 10 Study Study NNP lesk 278 11 Mortality Mortality NNP lesk 278 12 Follow Follow NNP lesk 278 13 - - HYPH lesk 278 14 up up RP lesk 278 15 Study Study NNP lesk 278 16 . . . lesk 278 17 ” " '' lesk 278 18 Journal Journal NNP lesk 278 19 of of IN lesk 278 20 Vascular Vascular NNP lesk 278 21 and and CC lesk 278 22 Interventional Interventional NNP lesk 278 23 Neurology Neurology NNP lesk 278 24 2 2 CD lesk 278 25 ( ( -LRB- lesk 278 26 1 1 CD lesk 278 27 ) ) -RRB- lesk 278 28 : : : lesk 278 29 132 132 CD lesk 278 30 - - SYM lesk 278 31 5 5 CD lesk 278 32 . . . lesk 278 33 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3317329 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3317329 NNP lesk 278 34 . . . lesk 279 1 Ribeiro Ribeiro NNP lesk 279 2 , , , lesk 279 3 Marco Marco NNP lesk 279 4 Tulio Tulio NNP lesk 279 5 , , , lesk 279 6 Sameer Sameer NNP lesk 279 7 Singh Singh NNP lesk 279 8 , , , lesk 279 9 and and CC lesk 279 10 Carlos Carlos NNP lesk 279 11 Guestrin Guestrin NNP lesk 279 12 . . . lesk 280 1 2016 2016 CD lesk 280 2 . . . lesk 281 1 “ " `` lesk 281 2 ‘ ' `` lesk 281 3 Why why WRB lesk 281 4 Should Should MD lesk 281 5 I -PRON- PRP lesk 281 6 Trust trust VB lesk 281 7 You -PRON- PRP lesk 281 8 ? ? . lesk 281 9 ’ ' '' lesk 281 10 : : : lesk 281 11 Explaining explain VBG lesk 281 12 the the DT lesk 281 13 Predictions prediction NNS lesk 281 14 of of IN lesk 281 15 Any any DT lesk 281 16 Classifier Classifier NNP lesk 281 17 . . . lesk 281 18 ” " '' lesk 281 19 In in IN lesk 281 20 Proceedings Proceedings NNP lesk 281 21 of of IN lesk 281 22 the the DT lesk 281 23 22nd 22nd JJ lesk 281 24 ACM ACM NNP lesk 281 25 SIGKDD SIGKDD NNP lesk 281 26 International International NNP lesk 281 27 Conference Conference NNP lesk 281 28 on on IN lesk 281 29 Knowledge Knowledge NNP lesk 281 30 Discovery Discovery NNP lesk 281 31 and and CC lesk 281 32 Data Data NNPS lesk 281 33 Mining Mining NNP lesk 281 34 ( ( -LRB- lesk 281 35 KDD KDD NNP lesk 281 36 ' ' POS lesk 281 37 16 16 CD lesk 281 38 ) ) -RRB- lesk 281 39 , , , lesk 281 40 1135 1135 CD lesk 281 41 - - SYM lesk 281 42 1144 1144 CD lesk 281 43 . . . lesk 282 1 New New NNP lesk 282 2 York York NNP lesk 282 3 : : : lesk 282 4 ACM ACM NNP lesk 282 5 Press Press NNP lesk 282 6 . . . lesk 283 1 Schmidt Schmidt NNP lesk 283 2 , , , lesk 283 3 R. R. NNP lesk 283 4 A. A. NNP lesk 283 5 and and CC lesk 283 6 R. R. NNP lesk 283 7 M. M. NNP lesk 283 8 Nishikawa Nishikawa NNP lesk 283 9 . . . lesk 284 1 1995 1995 CD lesk 284 2 . . . lesk 285 1 “ " `` lesk 285 2 Clinical clinical JJ lesk 285 3 Use Use NNP lesk 285 4 of of IN lesk 285 5 Digital Digital NNP lesk 285 6 Mammography Mammography NNP lesk 285 7 : : : lesk 285 8 the the DT lesk 285 9 Present present NN lesk 285 10 and and CC lesk 285 11 the the DT lesk 285 12 Prospects Prospects NNPS lesk 285 13 . . . lesk 285 14 ” " '' lesk 285 15 Journal Journal NNP lesk 285 16 of of IN lesk 285 17 Digital Digital NNP lesk 285 18 Imaging Imaging NNP lesk 285 19 8 8 CD lesk 285 20 ( ( -LRB- lesk 285 21 1 1 CD lesk 285 22 Suppl Suppl NNP lesk 285 23 1 1 CD lesk 285 24 ) ) -RRB- lesk 285 25 : : : lesk 285 26 74 74 CD lesk 285 27 - - SYM lesk 285 28 9 9 CD lesk 285 29 . . . lesk 286 1 Singh Singh NNP lesk 286 2 , , , lesk 286 3 Vivek Vivek NNP lesk 286 4 Kumar Kumar NNP lesk 286 5 et et NNP lesk 286 6 al al NNP lesk 286 7 . . . lesk 287 1 2020 2020 CD lesk 287 2 . . . lesk 288 1 “ " `` lesk 288 2 Breast Breast NNP lesk 288 3 Tumor Tumor NNP lesk 288 4 Segmentation segmentation NN lesk 288 5 and and CC lesk 288 6 Shape Shape NNP lesk 288 7 Classification Classification NNP lesk 288 8 in in IN lesk 288 9 Mammograms Mammograms NNP lesk 288 10 Using use VBG lesk 288 11 Generative Generative NNP lesk 288 12 Adversarial Adversarial NNP lesk 288 13 and and CC lesk 288 14 Convolutional Convolutional NNP lesk 288 15 Neural Neural NNP lesk 288 16 Network Network NNP lesk 288 17 . . . lesk 288 18 ” " '' lesk 288 19 Expert expert NN lesk 288 20 Systems system NNS lesk 288 21 with with IN lesk 288 22 Applications Applications NNPS lesk 288 23 139 139 CD lesk 288 24 . . . lesk 289 1 Su Su NNP lesk 289 2 , , , lesk 289 3 Jiawei Jiawei NNP lesk 289 4 , , , lesk 289 5 Danilo Danilo NNP lesk 289 6 Vasconcellos Vasconcellos NNP lesk 289 7 Vargas Vargas NNP lesk 289 8 , , , lesk 289 9 and and CC lesk 289 10 Kouichi Kouichi NNP lesk 289 11 Sakurai Sakurai NNP lesk 289 12 . . . lesk 290 1 2019 2019 CD lesk 290 2 . . . lesk 291 1 “ " `` lesk 291 2 One one CD lesk 291 3 Pixel Pixel NNP lesk 291 4 Attack Attack NNP lesk 291 5 for for IN lesk 291 6 Fooling Fooling NNP lesk 291 7 Deep Deep NNP lesk 291 8 Neural Neural NNP lesk 291 9 Networks Networks NNPS lesk 291 10 . . . lesk 291 11 ” " '' lesk 291 12 IEEE IEEE NNP lesk 291 13 Transactions Transactions NNPS lesk 291 14 on on IN lesk 291 15 Evolutionary Evolutionary NNP lesk 291 16 Computation Computation NNP lesk 291 17 23 23 CD lesk 291 18 ( ( -LRB- lesk 291 19 5 5 CD lesk 291 20 ) ) -RRB- lesk 291 21 : : : lesk 291 22 828 828 CD lesk 291 23 - - SYM lesk 291 24 841 841 CD lesk 291 25 . . . lesk 292 1 Taulli Taulli NNP lesk 292 2 , , , lesk 292 3 Tom Tom NNP lesk 292 4 . . . lesk 293 1 2019 2019 CD lesk 293 2 . . . lesk 294 1 “ " `` lesk 294 2 How how WRB lesk 294 3 Bias Bias NNP lesk 294 4 Distorts Distorts NNPS lesk 294 5 AI AI NNP lesk 294 6 ( ( -LRB- lesk 294 7 Artificial Artificial NNP lesk 294 8 Intelligence Intelligence NNP lesk 294 9 ) ) -RRB- lesk 294 10 . . . lesk 294 11 ” " '' lesk 294 12 Forbes Forbes NNP lesk 294 13 , , , lesk 294 14 August August NNP lesk 294 15 4 4 CD lesk 294 16 , , , lesk 294 17 2019 2019 CD lesk 294 18 . . . lesk 294 19 https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomtaulli/2019/08/04/bias-the-silent-killer-of-ai-artificial-intelligence/#1cc6f35d7d87 https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomtaulli/2019/08/04/bias-the-silent-killer-of-ai-artificial-intelligence/#1cc6f35d7d87 ADD lesk 294 20 . . . lesk 295 1 Twain Twain NNP lesk 295 2 , , , lesk 295 3 Mark Mark NNP lesk 295 4 . . . lesk 296 1 1883 1883 CD lesk 296 2 . . . lesk 297 1 Life life NN lesk 297 2 on on IN lesk 297 3 the the DT lesk 297 4 Mississippi Mississippi NNP lesk 297 5 . . . lesk 298 1 Boston Boston NNP lesk 298 2 : : : lesk 298 3 J. J. NNP lesk 298 4 R. R. NNP lesk 298 5 Osgood Osgood NNP lesk 298 6 & & CC lesk 298 7 Co. Co. NNP lesk 298 8 Tugend Tugend NNP lesk 298 9 , , , lesk 298 10 Alina Alina NNP lesk 298 11 . . . lesk 299 1 2019 2019 CD lesk 299 2 . . . lesk 300 1 “ " `` lesk 300 2 The the DT lesk 300 3 Bias Bias NNP lesk 300 4 Embedded embed VBN lesk 300 5 in in IN lesk 300 6 Tech Tech NNP lesk 300 7 . . . lesk 300 8 ” " '' lesk 300 9 The the DT lesk 300 10 New New NNP lesk 300 11 York York NNP lesk 300 12 Times Times NNP lesk 300 13 , , , lesk 300 14 June June NNP lesk 300 15 17 17 CD lesk 300 16 , , , lesk 300 17 2019 2019 CD lesk 300 18 , , , lesk 300 19 section section NN lesk 300 20 F F NNP lesk 300 21 , , , lesk 300 22 10 10 CD lesk 300 23 . . . lesk 301 1 Walsh Walsh NNP lesk 301 2 , , , lesk 301 3 Fergus Fergus NNP lesk 301 4 . . . lesk 302 1 2020 2020 CD lesk 302 2 . . . lesk 303 1 “ " `` lesk 303 2 AI AI NNP lesk 303 3 ‘ ' `` lesk 303 4 outperforms outperform NNS lesk 303 5 ’ ' '' lesk 303 6 doctors doctor NNS lesk 303 7 diagnosing diagnose VBG lesk 303 8 breast breast NN lesk 303 9 cancer cancer NN lesk 303 10 . . . lesk 303 11 ” " '' lesk 303 12 BBC BBC NNP lesk 303 13 News News NNP lesk 303 14 , , , lesk 303 15 January January NNP lesk 303 16 2 2 CD lesk 303 17 , , , lesk 303 18 2020 2020 CD lesk 303 19 . . . lesk 303 20 https://www.bbc.com/news/health-50857759 https://www.bbc.com/news/health-50857759 NNP lesk 303 21 . . . lesk 304 1 Wilks Wilks NNP lesk 304 2 , , , lesk 304 3 Daniel Daniel NNP lesk 304 4 S. S. NNP lesk 304 5 2008 2008 CD lesk 304 6 . . . lesk 304 7 Review Review NNP lesk 304 8 of of IN lesk 304 9 Empirical Empirical NNP lesk 304 10 Methods Methods NNPS lesk 304 11 in in IN lesk 304 12 Short Short NNP lesk 304 13 - - HYPH lesk 304 14 Term Term NNP lesk 304 15 Climate Climate NNP lesk 304 16 Prediction Prediction NNP lesk 304 17 , , , lesk 304 18 by by IN lesk 304 19 Huug Huug NNP lesk 304 20 van van NNP lesk 304 21 den den NNP lesk 304 22 Dool Dool NNP lesk 304 23 . . . lesk 305 1 Bulletin bulletin NN lesk 305 2 of of IN lesk 305 3 the the DT lesk 305 4 American American NNP lesk 305 5 Meteorological Meteorological NNP lesk 305 6 Society Society NNP lesk 305 7 89 89 CD lesk 305 8 ( ( -LRB- lesk 305 9 6 6 CD lesk 305 10 ) ) -RRB- lesk 305 11 : : : lesk 305 12 887 887 CD lesk 305 13 - - SYM lesk 305 14 88 88 CD lesk 305 15 . . .