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THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY
Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations
SYDNEY HOWARD GAY
COLLECTION
PRESENTED BY
MARTIN GAY AND MRS. WM. G. WILLCOX



ONNEX








~



THE NEW YORK
GENIUS OF UNIVERSURILEMANCIPATION.
alho1
EDITED BY B. LÚNDY-PUBLISHED IN WASHINGTON AND BALTIMORC-$1.00 PER ANN.
ASTOR, LENOX AND
“We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are Tree
Tendowed by their Creator with certain
inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." --Deblaration Independence, U.S.
edial
ARATIONS
No. 1. VOL. II. THIRD SERIES.
MAX, 1831.
[WHOLE NUMBER 265. VOL. XII.
syn
THE TWELFTH VOLUME.
is, of itself, sufficient remuneration to every
Another period has arrived, when it may not one concerned, for every dollar that has yet
be improper for the editor of this work to hold been expended in its publication. It would be
a moment's familiar chat with his friends and silly afiectation to deny that I am pleased with
patrons:—but it must, indeed, be brief,—as sub- this evidence. However, I claim very little
jects of public importance claim the narrow of the merit of its usefulness. To my amiable
space to which the Genius is at present con sister editor, and others who have lent their aid,
fined.
must be ascribed a great proportion thereof.
Well-it will be asked: What is the prospect? In conclusion, I will observe, that, expecting
1 answer, much better than formerly, as respects to leave home, fora few months, I have engaged
the ultimate success of our exertious; but, little a friend to superintend the publication of
difference with regard to the severity of toil and the work, during my absence, in whom I re-
privation.
pose full confidence relative to his ability and
Many cat laborers have already entered disposition to rewuer it instructive, and enter:
the field of reformation, and others begin to see taining. Its readers have frequently been in-
that a glorious harvest of happiness and fame | debted to his pen for important suggestions and
await those who signalize themselves therein.-- || information ; and his zeal in the good cause is
Prejudice and delusion are beginning to trem- steady and unwavering. Isha3) still, while absent,
ble on the lofty pinnacle of power, and the contribute much to its pages.; and my female
whispers of reason and justice are becoming assistant, whose beautiful effusipjx have łpitherto
vocal in the balls of the learned and the influ- | adorned and enriched the Indjes. Repository,"
ertial. The doctrine of hereditary property in will continue ipeslipplytier depa! spiunt as usual.
human flesh and blood, is about to be exploded Our friends are, therefore, caracstby solicited to
among the honest devotees of republicanism,- | lend us their aid in collecting and dissemi-
as that of the divine right of kings, and the in- | nating, through the medium of this work, such
fallibility of prélates, has in the modèrn schools facts and information as may be interesting o
of aristocracy and the temples of Christendom. the public, relative to the subject before us.
Active exertion and STEADY PERSEVE-
B. LUNDY.
RANCE is all that is requisite for the promo-
tion of our sacred cause. These will as surely || Editor, to superintend the publication of this
Having coosented, at the request of the
command success, in this important undertaking,
periodical, during the few months he expects
as that they ever have done it upon other occa-
to be absent, (if I should find in myself qualifi-
sions. No reformation, in any quarter of the cations for the performance of duties so new,
globe, since the beginning of time, was ever
and for which I feel myself so unprepared,)
founded on a more legitimate basis; and it may I think it best to apprize our readers, that they
| also be affirmed that none was ever more sus-
may not hope to have their first course so high-
Cupable of certain progression, were the proper
ly seasoned, nor their desert so neatly served up,
means employed.
as they have been wont to find it in the Genius.
As respects my own humble labors--they are
I not to cease just yet; ſer humble as they are, || from sufiering until his return, this disposition
Still, if its monthly fare serves but to keep them
I am vain enough to think that, while Provi- of my time may not be amiss. I crave their
dence favors ine with the means, it will be the forbearance with inexperience, and other disa-
best to continue them. But, perhaps, I may be jus-bilities.
A. GILBERT.
tihable in saying to the patrons of this work,
that it is calculated to do some good. Indeed
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
I may triumphantly point to one paragraph in
Memorial to Congress.
the present number, for the proof. In the la Or Friday evening, the 13th inst. the Aboli-
dies' department, (page 10,) will be found a tion Society of Washington met, pursuant to ad-
short article, from which it appears that, through journment, and adopted the following memo.
its influence, SIX HUMAN BEINGS haverial to the Congress of the United States. Three
been liberated from hereditary bondage. This" thousand copies were ordered to be printed, for
1


2
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
ENGLISHI MODE OF PROCEEDING.
distribution; and the editors of newspapers, gen- of our future prosperity measurabiy depends on
erally, are requested to give it at least one iuser- the abolition of that system. This is not a mere
tion. It will be circulated in each of the seve-
hypothesis. founded on an imaginary basis; but
we have the light of experience, derived from
ral States; and the friends of the cause, else the practical operation of known causes, to
where, are urgently requested to forward simi- | guide us in forming this conclusion,
lar memorials or petitions to Congress, at its
We deem it unnecessary to adduce facts or
arguments, at this time, to prove the correctness
next session.
of the opinion here advanced; for we think
As the advocates of emancipation, in the Dis- it must, in general, be obvious to reflect-
trict of Columbia, are now about renewing ing minds. And we believe it will be per-
fectly practicable to eradicate the growing evil
their appeal to the constituted authorities of the of slavery within this District, at no very dis-
nation, in behalf of republican consistency, tant period, in a manger consistent with the
universal philanthropy, and the sacred rights of safety and welfare of all concerned.
Your inemorialists, therefore, respectfully sug-
man--nay they not hope for aid from every gest to your Honorable Body the propriety of
corner of this extended empire? May they | adopting measures, at as early a day as inay be
not confidently rely on the prompt and speedy | convenient, for the accomplishment of this ob-
adoption of measures to sound the Clarion of ject. Trusting to your wisdom for devising
an efficient plan of proceeding, we shall not
Justice through the national halls, with the presume, at present, to point out a detailed sys-
deep-toned reverberation of millions of sove-
tem of operations. We beg leave, however, to
reign voices, drowning the shrill echoes of premise, that it would be proper to name a pe-
riod, after which all children, born in the Dis-
political strife with the thundering mandates of trict of Columbia, shall be free, at a suitable
justice and patriotis:n?
ge.
Seriously: we hope that the genuine philan- your honorable body may duly consider the im-
Your memorialists conclude, in the hope that
thropists of this nation will now arouse, as the portance of the subject here presented to your
Lion from his jair, and pour into the Congres | view, and be enabled, through the favor of Di-
sional chambers the language of firm, unyield- vine Providence, to provide a safe and effectual
ing remonstrance pgainst the further toleration remedy for the evil to which we have alluded.
And your memorialists, as in duty bound,
of the crued systetii of oppression in the will ever pray, &c.
District:of.Columbia. : Nothing can possibly
prevent our itstinale, succes, the prayers of
the people of the Djatrict are properly seconded
by those whoelect the best of the National The annexed paragraph will shew something
Legislature. *: The members or that body will of the modus operandi of “petitioning” in Great
obey the voice of them constituents, in the case
Britain. It is by such means that the represco -
before us, when trit voice is fairly expressed ; talive is made acquainted with the will of his con-
and they will hasten to obey it, when they findstituents in a civil ray. it is a kind of “argu-
(and this we hope they soon will do) that it is ment” that is irrefutable, and powerfully influ-
in accordance with the wishes of the greatential-especially when a distant or proximate
mass of intelligent, virtuous, reflecting citi- || hope of votes is in prospeet Let the advocates of
zens, who are the most particularly interested. emancipation reflect on this.
We shall not dwell upon this subject now, as
A LONDON paper, noticing the flood of peti-
we shall frequently have occasion to refer to it
lions poured into the House of Commonsinine-
diately before the debate on the reform biil,
in future numbers of this work.
says—The scene on Saturday at the House of
MEMORIAL.
Commons was, perhaps, the most remarkable
To the Senate and House of Representatives of petitioning. On Friday, as well as on Saturday
that ever characterized the history of the right of
the United States, in Congress assembled :
morning, hackney coaches, porters, and footnsen
The Memorial of the undersigned, citizens of were arriving with bundles of petitions; and the
the District of Columbia, respectfully sheweth: ante-rooms, the vote-otlice, &c, were literally
That your memorialists, in commou with a crammed with thein. There was scarcely a
large portion of the people of this Union, view spare room, closet, or corner, near or about the
the existence of slavery as one of the greatest Lobby, that was not occupied with bundles of re-
evils that afilict our country; but more especial- torm petitions. When the house assemblou the
ly, do we consider its continuance in this Dis- seats were so covered with bundles that, in many
trict, under the immediate jurisdiétion of the instances, the Menibers found it difficult to find
General Government, as inconsistent with sitting room for themselves. It is the fashionoi
those principles of republicanism, set forth in the House, that the Speaker should call the names
the excellent constitution which we have adopt- l of those who have signed the “Speaker's
ed as the great Magna Charta of our civil rights || Paper" as having petitions to present; and he
and privileges.
does so in regular succession; but on this occa-
Comparing those sections of our country in sion many Meinbers waited five hours without
which slavery is tolerated, with those where it their names having been called, while others re-
is not permitted to exist, we are strongly im- | tired, after the exhaustion of so many hours,
pressed with the belief, that, both in a pecunia- without presenting the petitions with which they
ary and moral point of view, the advancement were intrusted.


uurów Urotiviesti
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
THE FLORIDA PAMPHLET.
tion."
says :
health in these classes, is owing to their being
unaccustomed to a hot cliinate. But as many
“A Treatise on the patriarchal, or co-opera-
years have elapsed since the first white people
tive system of society, as it exists in some gov settled among the Southern swamps, and their
ernments, and colonies in America, and in the descendants have not improved either in looks or
longevity, it becomes evident that people of white
United States, under the name of slavery, with
complexions are unfitted by nature for that situa-
its necessities and advantages. By T. Kingsley,
an inhabitant of Florida.” This tract contains
According to the author's shewing, the whites
sixteen quarto pages, and it is unusual to find in are out of place in the South ; and in page 6, he
a work of this size so many accords and discords; || seems to anticipate, that ultimately, no trace of
sympathies, and antipathies, as the intelligent, them will be found there, only in a state of
benevolent, reader must experience in perusing | mixture. One would think it would be no very
the work now under review. Many of the pleasant prospect to southern slave-holders to
author's facts, and more of his reasonings, prove contemplate their posterity, gradually supplant.
cogently the opposite of that which he professes ed by what they deem an inferior race. It is
to establish ; namely, that slavery may be so their business—they can avert it. Does not ex-
regulated, as to increase the sum of human hap-ercise, suited to circumstances, always promote
piness. It is, however, difficult to ascertain || health? Are there not emigrants from Europe,
whether this is his position—or whether he is particularly from Ireland, who even at the time
not serving up milk, to stomachs, illy prepared they are becoming acclimated, labor hard, and
to bear solid nourishment. The readers of the enjoy better health than those who merely su-
Genius shall have some of his paragraphs, | perintend the operations which they perform?
accompanied with 'suck thoughts as suggest Do New Orleans, and other southern ports, af-
themselves while copying. In the preface he || ford no examples ? Are they rare? He next
says:
“ The idea of slavery, when associated with “Some of our Northern neighbors, living in a
cruelty and injustice, is revolting to every phil. || state of health and affluence, and not being aware
anthropic mind; but when that idea is associated that this prosperous state, in mai.y instances,
with justice, and benevolence, slavery, common- | proceeds indirectly from Southern slave labor,
ly so called, easily amalgamates with the ordina- and without duly investigating; and comparing
ry conditions of life.”
the hardships, and homiliation of the lower con-
The association between slavery and cruelty, || comfortable staic of the soldiern negroes, have
dition of their white populatin' with the more
may be weak in many cases--but how it can be denounced the patriarchal state of subordination
broken between the ideas of slavery, and injus- | of the latter, bailed sidvery: 'as the most abject
tice, is extremely difficult to conceive.
and miserable of all possible grades of human ex-
istence. Now it appears to me, that no one State
Those, however, if any such there be, who
can be perfectly free froi these evils; but that
can elevate their conceptions to this point, will all must experience some modifications of depen-
find no difficulty with this paragraph, or that dence. The negro under the management of a
which succeeds it ; except being
“ of the com-
just, conscientious, aud humane master ; (of
which description it will certainly be allowed
mon class of whites, denominated free,” they that there are some) who provides for the phisi-
might repine a little at their degradation below I cal wants of his servants, his wife and children,
the condition of a black slave:---that they are
in health, sickness and old age, for no other con-
sideration than the equitable one of competent
more corrupt ; less productive ; and yield less | labor, when in health,will surely enjoy a happier
support and benefit to the State than the slayes, and more enviable state of existence than the
may be true--and the intelligent philanthropist poor white nian, burdeped with a family, who
erceives the cause of their worthlessness, and ligious and moral tyranny.
has to contend with cold and hunger, besides re-
degradation, in the existence of that slavery, “ Moreover, the free white man, with the
which our author praises. In page 4, is the fol-greatest economy and industry, usually con-
sunies nearly the whole product of his labor; lay-
lowing :
ing by but little, even upon the most favorable
“ Many, from a superficial view of things, sup- circumstances, but with a smaller stock of pru.
pose that the aversion, to labor observable in the dence and exertion, which more commonly
South, among the working classes of whites, || happens, he not only consumes all his earnings,
proceeds froin natural indisposition But a near but is compelled by cold, hunger, and want of
er view, and better acquaintance with facts, will | employment or ill health, to apply to the public
show, that the radical cause is the want of health, for charity. Whereas, the negro by his own la-
which produces an apathy or aversion to work, bor, discreetly restrained under the co-operative
and frequently a relaxation, or want of natural or Patriarchial system, not only furnishes clotha
exciteinent in the powers of life, which seek ar ing, implements of husbandry,and provision, but
tificial stimulants; as we see frequent instances creates a large export surplus to meet contingen-
of the strongest, soberest and most industrious cies ; thus increasing the comfort and capital of
inechanics coming from the North, becoming, the establishment,of which he considers himself
after a few years hard labor, weak and idle, and an integral part.
finally, falling a sacrifice to the abuse of ardent “ In short, the greatest value of agriculcural
spirits. Some are of opinion, that the want of ll produce for export, and nearly all the springs of
1


GENTUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia buat Cælum.
national and individual "prosperity, flow from mind, well knows that the stimulus of this fal.
slave labor, as is fairly demonstrated by our an-
lacious, and deceptive hope, will effect what
nual account of exports. It could not reasona-
bly be expected otherwise. The labor of the coercion never did, and never can. Where, af.
negro, under the wholesome restraint of an intel-
ter all, is the manly, generous mind, that does
ligent direction, is like a constant stream; that of not revolt at the idea of such cruel duplicity?
the white man is economically measured out by
his urgent necessities, or dissipated by his expen-
The latter part of the paragraph is a noble contriv.
ses. Besides, climate enables the one to furnish || ance!-have always on hand a sufficient number
articles of greater value; while the white man's of free, to assist in keeping the slaves subordinate:
labor is usually applied to raise cheap articles of
food for the mere subsistenee of himself and fam- this is rendered still more practicable, by hav-
ily."
ing this caste mixed.
A northern citizen, who has travelled to the The remainder of the pamphlet will be noti-
south, should always be permitted to smile|ced in our next number.
when he hears a comparison made between the
intellectual peasantry of his section,and the an-
PHILANTHROPIC EXAMPLE.
imated matter called a slave, even if the system Such is the heading, under which the editor
which has him for a part of its machinery,should of the African Repository introduces a commu-
be known by the handsomely sounding epithet, nication, from which the following is extracted.
“patriarchal.”—And so tenacious is he of the We rejoice to have it in our power to aid in dif-
habits of his own district, that he would scarcely fusing such information. The name of Dr.
be brought to think it a favor, to labor during | Silas Hamilton stands enrolled among the
health, or ability to furnish means, with which genuine philanthropists of the age. Why was
another may, if he pleases, make his days of not the name of his equally worthy Lady also
sickness or old age comfortable. This is a spe- || mentioned?
cies of logic.not taught in northern schools, “ Ten or twelve years ago, Dr. Silas Hamil.
he could nát; therefore, be expected to under-ton, of Mississippi, purchased in the state of
Maryland, pine thousand dollars worth of slaves,
stand it. He is instructed to believe it is as
and employed them for some years on his plan-
much his duty, and shere need be no doubt but tation in the neighbourhood of Natchez. He had
he feels.it as niuch' his interest, to provide for not owned them long before he felt it his duty
his own comfort as the owner does in the case
to manumit them, but how to accomplish this
consistently with the interests of the commuvi.
of the slave. After giving the Brazilian system ty, and the happiness of the slave, was a difficult
of slavery: a:abcidedo preferent
in page 6, is matier.
As the best means of effecting his be-
the following paragraphe
nevolent designs, he offered them to the Ameri.
can Colonization Society, to be transported to
“ The door or liberty is oper to every slave Liberia. But they were obliged to refuse them
who can find means of purchasing himself. It is for the want of sufficient funds to bear the ex.
true; few have the means, but hope creates a spir- | pense of their transportation. In 1928 Dr. Hamil-
it of economy, industry, and emulation to obtain
ton brought them to Cincinnati, and there eman-
merit by good behavior, which has a general and cipated them, 22 in number. In 1830 he paid
beneficial effect. Slaves are also allowed to
them a visit, and saw painful reason to fear that
hold some kinds of property, under limitation-- || he had conferred upon them a very equivocal
such as stock. But the grand chain of security benefit.
by which the slaves are held in subordination, is But his feelings and the feelings of his amia-
the free people of color, whose persons, proper- | ble wife had become so much interested in their
ties, and rights are protected by law; which ena behalf, and in behalf of their unfortunate race,
bles them to acquire and hold property in their || that they determined to devote the remainder
own name, and allows the free children of quar- | of their lives and fortune to the improvement of
teroons by a white man, to be white by law. their condition. To this end, they purposed
By his link, they become identified with the purchasing land in Illinois, and establishing a
whites on one side, and with the slaves by de- || labor school to rear up young slaves and qualify
scent on the other; a connexion which perfectly them for usefulness in Liberia, by giving them
cements the three casts of which the whole instructions in letters, agriculture, and the me-
nation is composed; and each being perfectly chanic arts, as far as practicable on the plan pur-
contented with its permanent,lawful privileges, sued by the illustrious Fellenberg of Hoffwy?
the jealousy, which might otherwise arise from in Switzerland. Dr. H. informed the writer that
cast or difference of complexion or condition, || he could without difficulty procure gratuitously
is totally extinguished, and no one feels an in- any number of young slaves, say 80 or 100, in
terest in disturbing that with which every one is Mississippi and Louisiana, from inasters who
satisfied.”
would esteem it a privilege to make so good a
If they cannot get into the Hall of Freedom, provision for them without expense to them-
selves.
it is not that the door is shut against the n—if
Last summer I received a letter from Dr. H.
they should fail to enter,one good thing is effec- communicating the afflicting intelligence of the
ted—the sight of the door makes them indus- | death of his wife, who had been his faithful cora-
trious, and economical—so that if the slaves are panion and counseller for upwards of thirty
years. This calamity seemed to have severed
not benefitted, it is easy to perceive who is.-
alınost the orly tie that bound him to this world.
He who understands the structure of the human He, however, said that he had not abandoned his


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
1
eri project. He had purchased a tract of land near eousness. Jesuitism was never more subtle-
the junction of the Illinois and Mississippi rivers, || Papal domination never more exclusive. The
was erecting his buildings, and had with hi.. a gospel of peace and mercy preached by him who
dou portion of his emancipated slaves. I have not advocates the Popish doctrine, that “ ignorance
since heard from him, but think it of importance || is the mother of devotion !” who would seques-
17
to communicate even thus much to the public, trate the bible from the eyes of his fellow men!
both for the sake of the example, and that Dr. who holds that knowledge is the enemy of re-
an Hamilton may receive from an enlightened | ligion! who denies the efficacy of instruction in
a community that encouragement and co-ope- lifting up a degraded population ! who would
ration which may be necessary to make his phi- || make men brutes, in order to make them better
lanthropic efforts extensively useful.
christians! who desires to stop free inquiry, by
making the clergy in allible guides to heaven!
DETESTABLE D+CTRINES.
Now, what folly and impiety is all this ! Our
The editor of the “Southern Religious Tele-
amazement is without bounds our senses almost
doubt their evidence. How could the Rev. Mr
graph” still maintains his opinion relative to
Converse (whom we have considered a pious
the impropriety of teaching slaves to read or man and an able editor) endite such detestable
write! Speaking of the strictures upon his sentiments? He has inflicted a severe blow upon
sentiments, from the editor of the Boston “Lib- 1 his own denomination-upon the christian re-
ligion-and upon the cause of emancipation.--
crator," he says:
May the Lord forgive him, and open his eyes to
“Weregret that he should oppose the only prac- || the sinfulness of his conduct! Let him not
ticable means of raising the black man from a preach Popish debasement and subserviency
gervile state.—The condition of the blacks in the under a Presbyterian garb; for, hy so doing, he
Northern States,—we speak of a fact with dishonors the one, and compliments the other.-
which we have been well acquainted—is proof | Besides, is it not mockery to preach repentance
that it is morally impossible to deliver them and faith in our Lord Jesus Christ to the perse-
= from improvident and servile habits and feel cuted blacks, and at the same time to deny them
ings, in a community of white people.—And the right and ability to " search the scriptures”
surely it requires no argument to show, that for themselves? They have an ihålienable right
plain oral instruction is the most direct way to
to freedom; their ignorance should be enlight-
give thein the knowledge of the Gospel."
ened; instruction will not. injure their morals
These sentiments are not entertained by the
or usefulness, nor endanger. the safety of the peo-
ple.
members of the Colonization Society in gene 'If the free colored. prople were. generally
ral ; but it is to be feared that too many embrace taught to read,' says Mr.Converse," it migtet be
them. And the only proper plan of proceed-
an inducement to them to remain in this
coun-
ing with such men-men so blind or corrupt -
try. 63. We woult offer them no such induce-
ment. Here is die clovon foot of colonization-
is to expose them promptly, and denounce their || here the spirit that is huhting down the free
conduct in the plainest terms. They interpose | colored population in every State. Show them
the greatest clog to the wheel of reform--they make their situations uncomfortable-give them
no mercy-deprive them of ail knowledge
place the heaviest incubus on the bosom of no chance to rise in the scale of being, among
humanity-they point the deadliest shaft to the ourselves—and then send them to Africa as mis-
heart of philanthropy-in short, they are the sionaries, to save souls, and to evangelize the
continent!! What hypocrisy !
most inveterate foes of justice and equity.
With all the influence of their "holy office, TRULY, CHRISTIAN PROCEEDINGS.
E arising from the respect accorded to their sacer-
It is pleasant and cheering to turn from so
viotal functions, they trample, with iron heel, || disgusting a subject as that upon which the pre-
the rights of their fellow men, and anathema- ceding article is founded, and review the truly
ed
tize their brethren, in bonds. It is in vain they | christian efforts of some, who are laudably exer-
attempt, by words, to disclaim the odious tyran- ting themselves to enlighten the minds and me-
ny
of soul, while their acts speak, with trum liorate the condition of the unfortunate colored
pet tongues, the oppression they exercise.
people in our slave-holding States.
I will now take leave of this reverend gen. The “ Eleventh Annual Report,” of the Me-
1 tleman, after quoting another short article from thodist Missionary Society, enumerates, among
the “Liberator,” in which he is, deservedly, || others, the following missions:-
is handled without mittens.
“ Mission to the slaves of St. Johns, Pon Pon
INSTRUCTION OF THE BLACKS.-In our and Cambache.
last number we promised to animadvé rt upon “ Mission to the slaves on the Santee river.
; some outrageous doctrines maintained by the “ Mission to the slaves on the Savannah river.
S editor of the Richmond Religious Telegraph, " Mission to the slaves on Little river.
affecting the temporal and eternal welfare “The missions to the people of color,” says
3 of the free black and slave population of Bishop Soule,“have been successful beyond our
Virginia. We have since received another most sanguine expectations at their commence.
number of the Telegraph, in which we find the ment. The good effects which have been produced
arguments reiterated and at greater length. Our | have been attested by masters whose servants
limits will not permit us to pour out the indig are embraced in the several stations. And by a
d nation which is swelling in our bosom Let it number of those gentleman a very liberal en-
be remembered that their author is a Presbyte- } couragement and support have been given to
rian clergyman-a proſessed" minister of right. ! those missions."
EX
2
1


6
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
COLORED FREE PRODUCE SOCIETY.
A report being presented by the correspon-
The circumstance of a society having been ding committee, on motion it was read & adopted.
A communication was handed in by one of
organized some months since in Philadelphia, our white friends :-- which was also read.
under the above title, has been mentioned be The meeting was then addressed, by Mr. Lun-
| fore in this work. The following is the pream- | dy; he stated, many important things, for our
ble to their Constitution. We should be glad | gentleman, with some very salutary remarks.
encouragement; he was followed by another
to insert the articles themselves, but have not It was, on motion, resolved, That this society
room to spare at present.
appropriate ten dollars, to be added to the pre-
mium offered for Rice, raised by free labor.
This association may be considered as auxilia On motion, resolved, that the thauks of this
ry to the Pennsylvania Free Produce Society, meeting be given to those white friends, who
have honored us with their presence and ad-
the proceedings of which have been heretofore vice.
JAMES CORNISH, Secretary.
noticed.
“ Whereas, the Constitution of the United
States expressly declares, that “all men are born
The comunittee to whom was referred the pre-
free and equal," but in consequence of the su-
paration of a report, relative to the proceedings
:perior wealth and influence of the white popu- l of the colored Free Produce Society, respect-
lation, they have deemed themselves justifiable fully stale : That they have had the subject
in establishing and pursuing the notorious prac- | under consideration, and cannot regard ii in
tice of holding their colored brethren, who are any other light than that of the deepest interest
the children of the same Almighty Parent, and
to us--because it looks forward to the anribila-
possesed of the same feelings with themselves, tion of a practice, which has long been regarded
mental and physical, in the niost abjeci servitudie by some of the most enlightened nations in Eu-
and oppression-trafficking in their flesh, sepa. hope, as piratical, unjust, and anti-christiani, in
rating parent from child, husband from wife, iis operations---because it deprives man of those
and brother from sister, without any regard to privileges which are inseparable from his con-
those social, arů domes!ic enjoyments, which I stitutional habits, for no other reason than the
they themselves' profess to esteem so highly: unalterable color of his skin.
And, whereas, it is well ascertained, thai seif Your committee has the satisfaction to ob-
interest will induce individuals to perform acts serve, that since the formation of this society,
for which reason and hinanity have long been the demand and consumption of the articles of
appealed to iu vairx: and as every individual who | Free Produce have exceeded the nuost sanguine
uses the produce of slav's labaș encourages the expectations of its friends; and as an evidence
slave-holitèr, -bécoines also a participator in his of this, we learn, by a statement of Mr. James
wickednessamad rivets Miecha of the oppressed L. Pierce, a gentleman who is extensively
more firmly:: And, whereas the substituting engaged in the sale of articles of Free Produce,
of the produce oj-freemen for that of slaves, is a that the sales within the last 13 months have
sure method of lessening the value of slave-la-been between five and six thousand dollars. -
bor and destroying the gains of the hardened And so warmly have some of the members of this
oppressor, and will, therefore, induce him, soon society entered into the spirit of the undertaking,
er or later, to restore to the oppressed those that from 25 to 50 lbs of free sugar have been
inalienable rights, of which they have been so purchased at a time for family consumption.--
cruelly and unjustly deprived: And, moreo-
And one of them has commenced the sale of
ver, as it particularly becomes us, who are more
Free Cottun articles, upon a small scale.
closely allied to the sons of Africa, to use our
Your committee would further mention,
influence to change their present degraded con- that they have had repeated interviews with
diton, and restore them to the rank which na-
the members of the white Free Produce Socie-
ture and nature's God designed they should oc ty, from which they have derived much satis-
cupy: Therefore, we, whose nanies are here- | faction and inforination.
unto subscribed, agree to form ourselves into an Your committee humbly hope that they have
association, to be called the “ Colored Free Pro- fulfilled the duty assigned thein-and, there.
å uce Society of Pennsylvania,” that we may the fore beg to be discharged.
joore easily obtain and impart such information,
FREDERICK A. HINTON.
connected with this subject, as may promote
ROBT. PURVIS.
the objects above stated : and for the further-
ance of these views we adopt for ourgovernment
the following Constitution.”
MEXICO, IN 1830.
The annexed proceedings of a meeting of
We have before us a valuable paper, relating
this association, are inserted at the request of the
to the population, resources, and political condi-
officers thereof.
tion of Mexico, in 1830. The writer is, evident-
A stated meeting of the Colored, Free Pro- || ly, well acquainted with the subject upon which
duce Society, was held in Philadelphia, on the he treats. We very much regret that our limits
evening of the 18th of April, 1831. The meet are too narrow to review it at present. This,
ing was honored hy the presence of several of together with the ample details in Ward's“Mex-
our white friends, who are members of a simi-lico in 1827,” (for which we are indebted to the
laginstitution. The House being organized,
business commenced by calling the roll, after politeness of a friend in Liverpool,) will enable
which the quarterly contributions were taken up. us to present our readers, shortly, with an inter-
The minutes of the preceeding meeting were
then read by the Secretary; and the minutes of esting view of the prospects of our Colored Sis-
the corresponding commitee were read by their ter Republic. The tone of public sentiment,
Secreiary
there, relative to the system of slavery, and the
1


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
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HAS
RECEIVED ITS
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manner in which the Indians have been treated
REVOLUTION IN BRAZIL!
by our government; the jealousy, manifest This is the tenor of a report from St. Salvador.
among them,of our designs upon Texas,&c.&c. It is stated that Rio Janeiro and Bahia have been
will furnish important items of information, and, | completely revolutionized. Is So sure as this
no doubt, be calculated to attract the notice of|| proves true, SLAVERY
readers generally. The subject, last mentioned, DEATH-BLOW IN THE BRAZILIAN EMPIRE.
is one of peculiar importance, and claims the
attention of every individual of this nation.
EMANCIPATION IN KENTUCKY.
The Society, proposed to be organized among
MORE SLAVES EMANCIPATED. the slaveholders of Kentucky, will, no doubt,
An interesting suit has just terniinated in the soon go into operation. Forty-eight gentle-
CircuitCourt, at the city of Washington. A fam men have already sent in their names, with the
ily of slaves, (five or six in number) belonging view of becoming members. They have been
to a person of the name of Dell, a resident of published in the “Western Luminary,” as fol-
Georgetown,was removed, some years since, to Jows:
the State of Virginia, and within a certain William R. Hynes, Bardstown.
length of time brought back again to the Dis-
Samuel K. Snead, Jeflerson county.
J. M. C. Irvin, Fayette county.
trict of Columbia. After their return they were
R. J. Breckenridge:
sold to Judge Duvall. But on account of their
A. J. Alexander, Woodford county.
having been removed, az aforesaid, contrary to
Charles Alexander,
J. R. Alexander,
the laws of Virginia and Maryland,--they peti-
James McCail, Rockcastle county.
tioned for their freedom. A suit was ertered, John Wallace, Fayette county.
and has been long pending. It terminated on Norman Porter, Lexington.
the 19th inst., in the complete emancipation of
Thos. T. Skillman,
George Clarke, Fayette county.
the slaves. Thus another triumph has been gain-
James Blythe, Lexington.
ed for the cause of humanity and justice. A George W. Anderson, Fayette county.
rapid change has lately taken place in public
James G. McKinney, Lexington.
James H. Allen, Fayette county.
opinion within the District of Columbia. This,
James McDowell,
wę trust, will soon be more openly manifest.
J. S. Berryman,
The hateful form of slavery is becoming more
Thomas Cleland, Mercer county.
John Green, Lincoln county.
and more disgusting to the people, as they view
Robt. A. Lapsley, Caldwell county.
it in its various shapes, and reflect upon its cor John L. Yauus, Lincoln county.
rupting tendency. Let the advocates of eman Michael G. Youce, Danville.
P. G. Rice,
cipation persevere in their praise-worthy efforts,
John C. Young,
and certain success a waits them, at no very dis Rowland Charubers, Cedar Grove.
tant period.
Geo. M. Chambers,
John C. Richardson, Fayette county.
William E. Ashmore, Versailles.
TRIAL FOR KIDNAPPING.
Samuel Wingfield,
The two persons thatwere charged with attempt-
Sam'l V. Marshall, Woodford county.
Rubt. Mofiett,
ing to kidnap the colored man who made hises-
C. P. Bacon, Frankfort.
cape from the gurret window ofa 3 story house, a Hugh Foster, Fayette county.
short time since, were prosecuted, and lately
J. T. Edgar, Frankfort..
J.C. Harrison, Fayette County.
acquitted, simply because he was over the age
Rev. Robert Stuart
of 15 years when emancipated, and, of course, Dr. Louis Marshal, Woodford county.
his liberation was illegal!!! The Court, how (ol. John Steele,
ever, held one of them to bail, and remanded
Dr. C. Wallace,
Mr.James C.Todd, Fayettte county.
the other to prison, (as he could not obtain it,)
Mr. William Armstrong, Mercer county.
to take their trial for an assault and breach of the Mr. David Weller, Hardin county.
peace. This suit is yet pending.
kev. J. D. Paxton, Danville.
Samuel Warren, Lincoln county.
John H. Bell, Fayette county.
Daniel Yeiser, Danville.
TIE INSURRECTION IN MARTINIQUE.
Warrick Miller, Louisville.
It is stated that 150 colored persons have been To shew of what religious profession they are,
executed,on a charge of being concerned in the
who have so nobly embarked in this righteous
late insurrection in Martinique.
cause, the Luminury remarks :
Had our
WASHINGTON been ght by
“In reply to a correspondent in Illinois, who
the British Slave-holders, he too would have | desires to know what Presbyterians are doing in
been hung!
this cause, we remark, that the first projector of
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66
63
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، مادر مادر به دي
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
this emancipation scheme, as published in seve tons of shipping, and more than twenty thou-
ral of our last numbers, is a Prysbyterian; and | sand seamen, diffusing immense wealth among
that so far as we are informed Presbyterians gene- || her people, and contributing millions to the pub-
rally have taken a prominent part in promoting | lie revenue.
those benevolent schemes whose object is the “ That the existence of slavery and of proper-
amelioration of the condition of our colored | ty in, or connected with, and depending upon
population."
slaves in the West Indies, having been thus
created by Great Britain for her own object and
benefit, and having been recognizd and guaran-
CONVENTION IN THE WEST INDIES.
teed by repeated acts of Parliament and decis-
The very circumstance of a Convention havions of the highest law authorities, any attempt
ing been called, as mentioned below, (it is but a to injure or destroy property, so sanctioned, is
prelude to “ Conventions” of an opposite nature) || justice, unless full and complete indemnification
a gross violation of every principle of law and
naay be considered the most unequivocal evi- for all losses which may be sustained, by any
dence that the holy work of emancipation is changes in such property, shall have been
progressing in the British colonies. Heaven previously provided at the expense of the na-
tion in general.
speed it to a glorious consummation! But the
“ That the inhabitants ot the West Indies have,
ascertained fact, that the free colored people, in by their efforts to improve the condition of the
most of the West-Indian islands, particularly slave, already raised him far above his original
in the English, French, and Danish, have been of comparative comfort--have invested him with
state of barbarism-have placed him in possession
admitted, by their respective governments, to privileges aud immunities, and are gradually pro-
equal privileges with the whites, speaks to usceeding to qualify him for a larger participation
in the language of burning shame and awful in the advantages of civilized life.”
menace! What will become of our slave-sys-
AWFUL CALCULATION!!
tem, and ourselves, when power concentrates in
Reader! Pray thee, ponder the following: -
the hands of the colored race, on the islands and
the main ; when order shall be fairly establish-Slavery, in our own country, is a BRANCH of
this horrible system. What, alas! will be the
ed among them; and when retribution shall be
mailed with intelligent valor,and accoutred with fate of the nations who have thus sorely oppres-
sed and despoiled the natives of unfortunate
the vengeance of ages!!
Afriea?-what the woful result,
On the 1st of March, a meeting was held at
“When the malison rolls from eternity's breath,
Barbadoes, for the purpose of petitioning the
King and both Houses of the British Parliament, To use the language of the great Jefferson, well
And her batile-song breathes of defiance and death!''
that his Majesty would be graciously pleased to
exert his royal authority in order to avert the may we “tremble for our country, when we
'destruction with which the British Colonies are reflect that God is just, and that his justice can-
threatened, by the measures now in progress with
not sleep forever.”
reference to the question of colonial slavery.
Deputies were present from Barbadoes, Antigua,
It would be easy to prove, says Humboldt,
Demerara and Esequibo, Dominica, Grenada, Ne- that the whole archipelago of the West Indies,
vis, St. Christopher, St. Vincent, Tobago, and
which now comprise scarcely 2,400,000 negroes
the Virgin Islands. Various resolutions were
and mulattoes, (free and slaves,) received from
passed by the meeting, setting forth that the Co 1670 to 1825, nearly FIVE MILLIONS of Af-
jonies are now, and have been for some time ricans. In these revolting calculations on the
past, laboring under multiplied difficulties and consumption of the human species, we have not
embarrassments, and
included the number of unfortunate slaves who
“That they protest most solemnly against any
have perished in the passage, or been thrown into
spoliation of, or interference with their property, the sea as damaged merchandize.
which they hold by a right as sacred as the pub-
lic creditor has claim on the national funds the It will be seen, by the following notice, that
highest or lowest subject in the united kingdom, the Premium for Rice, produced by free labor,
his lands, his mansion, or his cottage-orany cor has been doubled. Where are the Philanthro.
porate body their chartered rights.
“ That this right of property has been sanction- || pists of North Carolina? Where, friends, where?
ed by various acts of Parliament, encouraging
A PREMIUM FOR RIC2.
their ancestors to embark their capital, their in The sum of TWENTY DOLLARS will be
dustry, and their fortunes, in the settlement of | given as a premium, over and above the market
lands, on the express condition of cultivating | price, for Five Casks of Fresh Rice, of a good
them by the labor of slaves imported into these quality, raised by Free Labor, and deliverd in
Colonies by British subjects. That the conse- Philadelphia, to CHARLES PEIRCE, before the
quences of this traffic are not now to be charged Ist of September next. (1831.)
against the character of the W. India colonist, The gentleman, above named, is well known
whose principal share in the transaction has as a very respectable Grocer, in Philadelphia,
been that of civilizing and bringing to order who has for several years past, made it a particu-
and comparative comfort, persons brought into lar business to keep articles in his line that are
the Colonies in a state of barbarism.
exclusively the production of free labour.
• That out of the settlement and cultivation The premium, together with the market price,
of the West India Colonies has arisen a com will be promptly paid, on the delivery of the
mercial intercourse, amply supplying the moth- Rice, accompanied by proper reference and vou.
er country with colonial produce, giving em chers from some respectable person who is known
ployment to upwards of four hundred thousand" in Philadelphia.


VENTUS ON UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
9
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
Ladies' Repository.
Philanthropic and Literary.
one! and would to Heaven we might see a
crowd of our talented country-women rallied
round the same standard, carrying light and
conviction to every heart!
PRINCIPALLY CONDUCTED BY A LADY.
as
A SPECIMEN.
OUR CAUSE.
Let our readers peruse and reflect upon the
The commencement of a fresh volume!-'tis following advertisement. It is selected only
a fit theme for a paragraph-and it may be a fit
an individual sample from the many,
occasion for examining into our own feelings which disgrace our southern newspapers. It
with respect to the cause in which we are en-
sketches the outlines of a scene of very frequent
gaged. Have our eighteen month's experience occurrence, and may enable those who are not
in the field of emancipation cooled our zeal and
familiar with such things to form some idea of
wearied us with our task? Or has it been, rather, the sufferings endured by their countrywomen.
a stimulus to our ardor, and incentive to renewed
“Valuable Negroes.”
exertions? It should have been so, from the na “An excellent female servant, thirty-four
ture of the subject, and it has. We are engaged years of age, with her two children, the one
in combatting one of the darkest crimes that four years old, and the other turned of twelve
months, will be sold low for cash. The whole
ever disgraced humanity-in pleading for a will be sold together, or SEPARATELY, to
portion of our own sex, who are shut out by suit purchasers.”
American despotism, not only from their privi And this is slavery-American slavery! -
legęs as women, but even from their common These are the deeds of a christian land! And will
est rights as human beings. It is meet, there the pious and the gentle, the enlightened and
fore, that our detestation should increase with the benevolent, hear of them with the unmoved
our knowledge of the subject—that a familiarity brow of self-satisfied apathy? Mothers! which
with the features of slavery should only render one among you will not lay down the paper
their appearance more horrible—and that every with a murmur of execration against the brute
hour of reflection upon the subject should aug- who could so wantonly trifle with the holy
ment our sorrow for the prevailing indifference chords of maternal tenderness! Will you not
to the situation of its victims. We thank God snatch up the prattler by your side, to hide
that he has given us the means of publicly de- amid his clustering curls the burning tears of
claring our sentiments, and endeavoring to your sympathy and indignation? Will you not
awaken our country-women from the strange clasp him to your bosom in the emotion of your
stupor of their apathy. Our voice may be long || startled love, as though some hand were sud-
unheeded; our entreaties may be regarded with denly stretched out to rifle you too, of your
careless contempt, or retorted with light ridicule.heart's brightness? Oh, if your heart is indeed
But we will not be discouraged—we will still
so touched, then pause a moment in that mood
hold on our way—again and again we will re-
of softness, and, with your intant still upon
new our importunities and repeat our warnings your knee, give up your thoughts to serious re-
--again and again we will present the subjectflection. Let the consciousness come with its
before them, until we succeed in attracting their | solemn and undeniable truth upon your heart,
attention. While we have the power to lift up that you have been through the greater part of
our voice in behalf of our miserable sisters, we life, and probably are still at this moment, a
shall not cease to do so. While we behold one | supporter of this guilty system, and an accom-
portion of our sex, regarded only as pecuniary | plice in its enormous cruelties. If you have
wealth, and the others flitting thoughtlessly || never lifted up your voice against it, if its pro-
through life, unaffected by the sufferings of those || ducts are in your house and on your table,
oppressed ones, we will not remit our efforts to || ministering to the gratification of your vanity
excite their sympathy, dwelling on the dark and your luxury, if you have never pleaded
tale of the African's accumulated wrongs. Well with those around you, to combine their efforts
are not so miserably selfish that we can sit with yours, in resisting the demoniac influence
down unconcerned in the guilty enjoyment of of oppression, then be assured that you have
our own better lot, while their moans are fallen far short of your duty, and that the taint
ringing in our ears, and their tears and their of crime is upon you. Remember that the voice
blood sprinkled upon the very hem of our gar- of your sister's agony “crieth out against you,"
ment. No! in their degradation, we are de- || from the prison cell and the market place, where
graded--with their sufferings, we are afflicted- her degradation and her tears have been wit-
with their stripes, we are wounded; and for nessed by men and angels, while you' made no
their miserable fate, we entreat the cominisera- | effort to rescue her from her lot of darkness.
tion of our mutual sisters. Our cause is a noble And when you kneel at eventide, with your


10
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
66
fond hand laid upon the tresses of your sinless has recorded a bill of emancipation of all
child, let the fearful thought start up amidst slaves at her death; and also has made a will,
your prayers that that hand is stained with a perty, of every description; which will is also
bequeathing to them two thirds of all her pro-
dark blot of infamy and oppression. Think recorded. Would to God that all who hold
when your heart is lifted up to beseech a bless-them would do likewise!” Then would their
light break forth out of obscurity, and their
ing from a just and righteous, as well as most darkness would become as the noon-day.”
merciful Deity, how you have neglected to al You will understand that, when I left the
leviate the misery of your fellow creatures; and, Territory, I deposited the Genius of Universal
while you shrink from the merited pang of self-Emancipation with the above named Mary
Dixon, who is an aged widow. She had six
reproach, let its present endurance teach you slaves.
no longer to deserve it. Picture to yourself
what would be the agony of your feelings, was
ANOTHER INTERESTING CASE
your infant about to he severed from your
We learn that an aged widow lady, of the
arms, forever, to suil” the convenience of some name of Greenfield, who has resided several
cruel barbarian. Think how youwouldrend the air years in the city of Philadelphia, and who had
with your cries, were that fair young girl who emancipated a large number of slaves in Louis-
is now by your side, with her dancing steps of liana, has recently visited that section of country,
joy, and the soft music of her affectionate voice, I for the express purpose of taking them to Hayti,
borne into your arms a bleeding victim to the || in order to prevent the new law, enacted there,
savage anger of some unfeeling monster-and | from reducing them again to slavery. This
while you dash away the tear that has gathered truly benevolent lady is said to be upwards of
to your eye at the bare imagination of such a seventy years of age! Tell us no more of the
circunstance, breathe a high resolve that you patriotism of "Grecian or Roman Matrons”.
will, from this time henceforward, aid, to the American Female philanthropy will soon out-
utmost of your power, in abolishing a system | shine them all. Those deeds of transcendant
which gives birth to such atrocities.
virtue, which we already have the pleasure of
recording, will embellish the pages of history,
MORE FEMALE PHILANTHROPY.
and excite to emulation an admiring posterity.
It is with the greatest pleasure that we lay
the interesting extract appended to this article PROGRESS OF THE CONCERN.
before our readers. Though we may even sub The following has been communicated, for
ject ourselves to the charge of egotism, we can insertion, by a female friend, in Philadelphia.
not consent to withhold such valuable infor- | It is an extract of a letter from an acquaintance,
mation from them. How happy must this good in Boston, whose opportunities for procuring
{ady now feel, in the moments of retirement information relative to the subject, and whose
and reflection! All the wealth of the Indies, | zeal in the good cause, are unquestionable. We
and the aggregate fame of the mightiest heroes, thank our friend for her communication ; and
· would never, never, bring to the mind of their we hope she will remember us, when she may
possessor that blissful peace—that heavenly feli- || have any thing further that will be interesting
city--which arises from the pure consciousness to the advocates of African emancipation, what.
of having performed such noble and virtuous
ever may be the particular matter to which it
acts. A blessing must ever attend the comple- | relates :
tion of a work so holy in its design and just in “I am sure it will animate your heart to
its nature. And the influence that it will have learn, that there is a growing uneasiness among
upon the community, will be both salutary and regard to the use of articles raised by slave la-
many persons in this city-male and female--in
extensive.
bor, and a desire to procure those which are
The parapraph is extracted from a letter lately the products of free lahor.
We expect, very
received at the office of the Genius of Universal
soon, to get up a Free Produce Society; and if
we succeed, (or, indeed, whether we succeed or
Emancipation, from the Rev. Jesse Haile, of 1)- | not,) we wish to have a free Goods Store in
linois, formerly of Arkansas Territory.
Boston. I was agreeably surprised to rereive a
visit, a few days since, from an individual in an
I have received a letter from Mr. Rees | obscure village in New Hampshire, who wish-
Alexander, of Arkansas, a gentleman of high led to know where these Free Goods could be ob-
respectability, in which he says: “I must not tained, and said that a society would be immedi-
forget to tell you that the papers (Genius of ately formed in his village, if they could be
U. E.) you left with Mother Dixon”. (her || purchased in Boston. You see, therefore, that
naine is Mary) "has had a most powerful infiu- the good work is progressing. The little “leav-
ence. They have converted her from slavery. en," begun in Philadelphia, I trust will soon
She has recently emancipated all her slaves. leaven all the Free States."
She employed the best attorney in the Territory
to attend to the business for her, in order that
The writer of the above, we learn, has or-
there might be no future advantage taken.--Shell stered a number of articles in the Free Produce


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
11
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
line, from Philadelphia, and also made many en-factured, and most of the goods disposed of. To
quiries relative to the subject generally. Our addition to those mentioned in the report of last
sisters, who have embarked in this noble under- Canton flannel, fourteen of sheering, sixty-three
month, liave been received eleven pieces of
taking, should feel encouraged to per severe in of shirting, some finer, bleached, and some dimi-
their philanthropic labors. Their reward will ty,
The increased inquiry, the multiplied demand,
be sure and glorious.
and the ready sale of our goods, are stimulating
causes to persevere in the course we have
A KIDNAPPER FRIGHTENED!
hitherto adopted. Nathan Huut, Jr. having
The following is an extract of a recent letter been addressed by our corresponding committee,
to procure a large supply of the last year's
from an esteemed female friend, in North Caro-
lina, to the editors of the Genius of Universal cowoh of free coiton, we are in duily avvicipa-
Emancipation. She will please accept our “Do good and communicate,” is a gentle yet
thanks for her interesting communication. The impressive command; simple in its expression,
anecdote is particularly instructive and amusing. bility to accomplish what we ardently wish —
but extensive in its import. We feel much ina-
"The inland slave trade was never, perhaps, and we know that our feeble efforts are
carried on with more industry than it now is, | like the “small dust in the balance” towards the
through this part of the state. They go the great cause of Negro emancipation; still we
main road, through our plautation, handcuffed, I believe our thus meeting together has not been
by dozens,
There have been some acts of || altogether in vain, but has iended to strengthen
cruelty committed, within a few miles of this and encourage each other 10 persevere in the
place, that would increase the darkness of your good cause, measuring the inconveniences to
black list. I frequently intended giving you which we are subjected, and the sacrifice of
an account thereof, but was hindered, until the
fine clothing, by the sufferings our fellow-crea-
transactions got out of date.* One laughable cures have endured for the procuring of such.
instance of kidnapping lately occurred at Chap We believe considerations of this kind would
el Hill. A gambier stole a child in the evening enhance the value of a coarse article, and even
from its mother, who had just been set free. direct our choice thereto.
He rode all night, and got within a half mile of Tous even social intercourse may be made
our house at sunrise. It is supposed he then the vehicle for promoting good actions, by ex-
first discovered that the child (three years old) | citing desires for using our utmost efforis to
hud six toes on one foot. He put it down, and free our brethren and sisters in bondage.
ran away from it !!”
First Month (Jauuary) 17, 1831.
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE FOR THIRD
FEMALE ASSOCIATION FOR THE MANUFAC-
MONTH (MARCH) 1831.
TURE AND USE OF FREE COTTON. Although little has transpired since the date
The several Reports, received a short time of our last report, we think proper to invite
your attention to some subjects relative to our
since, from the Secretary of this Association, | affairs. The last lot of Cotton has been worked
are inserted below. We are gratified to learn up, and that expected from North Carolina not
that our female friends in Philadelphia are en-
having arrived, there is necessarily a suspension
in the manufacture of goods at present. We
couraged to persevere in their laudable under-
have observed in a daily paper an advertisement
taking. The fruits of their labors must not bt of of a lot of St. Domingo cotton, said to be of
looked for at the time of budding,—but they | a quality nearly equal to the Sea Island. As
will appear in perfection, at a proper season, if the duty arising from importation increases the
price, perhaps three cents per pound above that
the regular operations of philanthropic exertion
of the same article raised on the Continent, it
be not inpeded.
offers no inducement to Thomas Craig to pur.
The Committee have been cautious
At a stated meeting of the Female Association chase it.
of Philadelphia for the Manufacture and Use in holding out encouragement to him to buy it,
of Free Cotion, held 3d mo. (March) 16th, 1831, apprehending they were not warranted in en-
it was agreed to call a special neeting on the gaging to take all the goods made from it, lest
evening of the 15th of 4ih month, (April,) for there should not be a sufficient demand for the
the purpose of giving information to such | articles ordered at the advanced prices.
Friends, attending the yearly meeting, whose
Six hundred and fifty-four yards of Muslin
interest in the abolition cause would induce have been sent to Thomas Lindley, who has
them to give attendance thereto. Accordingly, I promised to use exertion to have it printed, ac-
a considerable number convened, and the 101- cording to patterns selected, in the course of a
lowing Reports were read:
few weeks. The same quantity, of a coarser
kind, has been sent to Jeremiah Harrocks, to be
colored and glazed.
The Committee having discharged the trust
committed, during the last year, as exhibited
MEETING, HIELD 4TH
(APRIL)
by the monthly reports, inform the Association:
15, 1831.
That the thirty bales of cotton have been manu-
The purchasing committee having been in-
*No, no, sister; such things do not get "out || formed that a small lot of St. Domingo cotton,
of date” soon. It is “never too late to do good" || and two bales of South Carolina cotton, prepared
--never too late to expose such wickedness.-- | by free persons, were to be be sold, they com-
Let the people know the extent of the evils of municated the intelligence to Thomas Craig,
slavery, that they may be convinced of the ne who has proposed to purchase and commence
cessity of exerting themselves to counteract the manufacturing of them.
them.
A letter was read, from Nathan Hunt, Jr. to
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT.
REPORT
PRESENTED
SPECIAL
TO THE
MONTH
4


12
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
1
a merchant in this city, stating that, owing to Elizabeth Baker, Martha Holcombe, Maria
the general and protracted drought last summer, Potts, Hannah Alexander.
the cotton crops on the up!ands are very short, After transacting some further business, the
and in that section of the country a considerable | meeting adjourned sine die.
diminution is sustained. Discouraging as this
JUDITH JAMES, President,
may appear, he has nevertheless persevered in Laetitia Rowley, Secretary.
his inquiries, and believes he will obtain twenty-
five or thirty bales of free cotton, and intends
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
embracing the earliest opportunity of shipping
thein to Philadelphia.
O TELL ME NOT I SHALL FORGET.
An interesting communication is received
Oh! tell me not I shall forget,
from our correspondents, the members of the
Amid the scenes of nature's reign,
Female Anti-Slavery Society of Birmingham, The cheeks with bitter tear-drops wet,
West Broin wich, Wednesbury, and Walsall, in
The hearts whose every throb is pain.
Great Britain, containing much valuable informa-
tion, relating to the inportant subject in which
The wood-bird's merry notes may ring,
we are engaged. Among other matters, the
Exulting 'neath the free blue sky;
Secretary states that, with one exception only,
But louder still the breezes bring
she knows of no ladies' society in England that The echo of a sister's cry.
has not resolved to reject the rise of West India
sugar, because it is the great staple and support The forest brook may sparkle fair,
of British slavery in their colonies.
When we consider the advantages we pos-
And win my heart to love its sheen;
But still it shows me mirror'd' there
sess, and coutrast them with the miseries of the
The image of a distant scene.
poor slaves, a train of serious reflection takes
possession of our minds. Our sympathies are
excited on account of their sufferings, and our
The verdant sod around my feet,
feelings revolt at the degration to which they
The treasure of its flowers may spread,
are subjected. Here then let us inquire of our-
And close ernbowering branches ineet,
selves, whether we participate in this which In fresh'uing coolness o'er my head.
we so much regret. Yes, our very garments
and our tables assure us of the fact.
But we
Yet not for these, oh! not for these,
deem it unnecessary to reiterate the miseries Can I forget the Afric's woe,
attendant on slavery. These have been too The sighs that float on every breeze,
frequent for mernory to lose sight of. The The streaming tears that ceaseless flow.
practical lesson is now before us; let us be dili-
gent to learn it, and endeavor to provide our-
No! though the loveliness of ear:h,
selves with such articles as are the produce of
Hath touch'd my spirit like a spell,
free labor,-thereby lessening the demand for
And sooth'd me back to joy and mirth,
goods manufactured by slaves:—then, and not
When darkness else had round it fell.
till then, shall we be provided with an argument
against the slave owner, and an insurmountable
barrier to his most plausible reasonings.
Though not the simplest bud that droops
Beneath its weight of morning dew,
When light the orient zephyr stoops
COLORED FEMALES' FREE PRODUCE
To trifle with its petals blue.
SOCIETY.
We have been obligingly furnished with the
Though not a breeze that stirs the grove,
Or wing that cleaves the summer air,
following proceedings of a late meeting of this
But hath a link upon my love,
Association, and cheerfully insert lhem-partly Or strikes some chord of feeling there.
to shew the interest which they take in this
concern, and partly to inform our white friends Yet think not they can lull my heart,
To carelessness of human woe ;
of the regular manner in which they transact
Or bid the bitter tears that start
their business.
For Afric's wrongs no longer flow.
GERTRUDE.
Ata meeting of the Colored Female Free Pro-
duce Society of Pennsylvania, held in Bethel
Church on the evening of January 24, 1831–
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
Mrs. Judith James was called to the chair, and
ILOME.
Mrs. Laetitia Rowley appointed Secretary. Home! that dearest spot upon this earth! that
After reading the Constitution, the nomina- | gathering-place of the hearts best affections!--it
ting committee reported; and, on motion, it was is the pole-star of the heart to which it turns with
unanimously received. The meeting then pro. true and deviating gaze, amidst all its wan-
ceeded to an election of officers, by ballot, as derings. The bark hut of the desert dweller is
required by the Constitution.
as dear to him, as the costly palaces of crowned
On counting the votes in the presence of the kings, to their proud inhabitants; it is invested
judges, the following persons were declared with the same sacred charm, the same sweet
duly elected for the year 1831.
spell, and is, perhaps, even better loved for iis
Mrs. Judith James, President.
very humility. To the negro slave his home is
Mrs. Susannah Cork, Vice-President. peculiarly dear. The scenes of his childhood
Mrs. Hester Burr, Treasurer.
have a thousand links upon his heart, which are
Mrs. Laetitia Rowley, Secretary.
soon lost or forgotten by those to whom the
Committee of Correspondence.--Priscilla whole world is but a broader dwelling. Every
Wilkins, Rebecca Hutchins, Mary Benjamin, tree, every stone, is associated with some cher-
Sarah White, Pleasant Lloyd, Lydia Lecompt, ll ished remembrance. The ashes of his buried


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION,
13
$
Dan
1
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
friends lie close within its precints, and he clings For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
to that buried dust with a tenacity of affection,
(F AND BUT.
that is unknown to those yho lay their dead to
moulder away far from them, in the appointed if they were gifted with supernatural power;
These little words seem, sometimes, almost as
places of graves. Sickness, sufferings, pay even
death itself is frequently more preferable to the form a bulwark apparently impenetrable to
for diminutive as they are, they frequently
slave, thar. to part from the spot to which he
the attacks of reason and argument. They
has given, what is truly to him, the consecrated
are cousins german, and usually act in con-
of home. Yet, alas ! how often is he se-
cert; but
we have succeded for once in
vered at the command of tyrannical caprice,not
only from the scenes which he has so long
lov- forming them into opposition with each other,
and ask the attention of our readers to the result,
ed, but from all those for whose sake they were so
in the following dialogue:
dear, to him. His children are scaterted over
If-I was convinced that my efforts in the
the face of the earth ; his wife has been torn
from him,and co:veyed he knews not whither; | interests of Emancipation, I should not hesitate
manner you speak of, could really advance the
and yet, he is still required to toil on, amidst
his heart's ruin, as though his sinews were but | slavery is entirely true. It is a barbarous system,
to engage in it.
What you say respecting
the acting levers of a mere machine, unknowing of
and a disgrace to our country.
any other exciting principle than the control of
But-you will not suffer yourself to be con.
their director.
vinced.
GERTRUDE.
You can easily make the trial. The
use of Free Produce is a very ready, as well as
feminine method of avowing your sentiments,
For the Genius of Univerzal Emancipation.
and making the experiment.
If-the community at large would adopt that
WHAT IS A SLAVE, MOTHER?
plan, I too, should be willing to unite with it.
At present it would subject me to much incon-
What is a slave, mother? I heard you say
venience, and many deprivations, without pro-
That word with a sorrowful voice one day;
ducing any effect on the condition of the slaves,
And it came again to my thoughts last night,
besides exposing me to the imputations of affect-
As I laid awake in the broad moon-light;
ing singularity
Methinks I have heard a story told,
But-you are a portion of that community,
Of some poor men who are bought and sold,
and you do not, and cannot know, what effect,
And driven abroad with stripes to toil
your example and influence may have upon the
The live-long day on a stranger's soil,
conduct of others. For the least, allow me to
Is this true, mother?
assure you, that you will soon learn to regard
your inconveniences and privations, as very
May children as young as I be sold,
trifling.
And torn away from their mothers hold-
If-every one were to follow your advice,
From home-from all they have loved & known, | I fear the situation of the slaves would be ren-
To dwell in the great wide world alone,
dered more painful than at present; and thus we
Far, far away in some distant place,
should injure those whom we meant to serve.--
Where they never may see their parents face?
For their masters being unable to dispose of the
Ah! how I should weep to be torn from you.
produce of their ground, could no longer main-
Tell me dear mother, can this be true ?
tain them in tolerable comfort.
Alas, yes my child.
But-they could cinancipate them, and allow
them to maintain themselves with the wages of
Does the master love the slave child well,
their hired labor. And they would do so; for
That he takes away in his house to dwell? that would at once remove the bar to their
Does he teach him all that he ought to know,
prosperity. This would occasion no violent
And wipe his tears when they sometimes flow- convulsion, and the negroes generally would
And watch beside him in sickness and pain,
still labor for a time on the plantations to which
Till health comes back to his cheek again they had been accustomed, and pass quietly and
And kneel each night by his side to pray, gradually from a state of degraded ignorance,
That God will keep iim through life’s rough way? | to that of a virtuous, refined, and intelligent
Alas, no, my child.
people.
If-your picture could ever be realized, it
Ah, then must the tales I have heard true,
would be a happy thing for your country; and
of the cruel things that the masters do ;
if I were actually a slave holder, I think I should
That the poor slaves often must creep to bed,
not long remain so. As I have no slaves in my
On their scaiter'd straw, but scantily fed;
possession, I consider myself justifiable in taking
Be sometimes loaded with heavy chains;
no part in the matter.
And flogged till their blood the keen lash stains;
But-are you quite certain that you are not
While none will care for their bitter cry,
virtually a slave holder? I confess that I con-
Or soothe their hearts when their grief is high! | sider you such. The planter is merely your
It is so, my child.
agent, or a more active partner in a speculation
of which you virtually reap the benefit. The
And is it not, mother, a sinful things
system of slavery derives its very existence
The bosoms of others with pain to wring-
froin the consumers of its products, and how
To bid them go labor and delve the soil,
they can imagine themselves exempt from the
And seize the reward of their weary toil-
responsibility of its guilt, I am at a loss to com-
For men to tear men from their homes away
prehend. The two classes are indivisibly con
And sell them for gold like a lawful
nected with each other, and if the conduct of
Oh surely the land where such deeds are done,
one is criminal, that of the other must necessari.
Must be a most savage and wicked one !
ly be the same. You tell me that you cannot
It is this, my child.
encounter the trouble and inconvenience of
MARGARET. doing any thing further than occasionally iQ-
prey ?


14
GENTUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPANON.
IK
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
The Olio.
name.
dulging in a pathetic lamentation over the suf For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
ferings of the poor slaves; and the miscalled
owner of a hundred of his fellow creatures,
WASHINGTON CITY PRISON.
whom he claims the right to shoot, or scourge,
or fetier, at his sovereign pleasure, while he
Thou dark and drear and melancholy pile !
descants eloquently on the happiness of his
Who seemest, like a guilty penitent,
slaves, and the distress, the danger, and the in-
To brood o'er horrors in thy bosom spent,
justice that would be attendant (as he is pleased Until the sun-beams that around thee smile,
to tell you) upon their emancipation, will re-
And the glad breath of heaver, have become
peat over as feelingly as yourself, the set
A hatred and a mockery to thy gloom--.
porases of regret for the existence of the system; Stern fabrick! I'll commune with the awhile!
ani you both, by doing nothing to remove the
And from thy hollow echoes, and the gale
evil, zive the saine evidence of your sincerity.
That moans round thy dark cells, win back the
tale
Do not think I am the apologist of the slave
holder, with his vaporing professions, and cow-
Of thy past history. Give thy stones a tongue
ardly injustice, his boasted magnanimity, and
And bid them answer me; and let the sighs
heartless despoiiam; neither will I seek to pal-
That round thy walls so heavily arise,
Be vocal, and declare from whence they sprung;
liate the awonaviy conduct of those who look
oa and behold their sister writing beneath her
And by what passion of intense despair--
stripes, and subjected to every degree of indig.
What aching throb of life-consnming care
nily, without breathing one entreaty for his
From the torn heart of anguish, they were
fürbearance, without making one effort to con-
wrung.
vince him of his turpitude, or to rescue his vic-
tim froin her state of deep abasement.
Receptacle of guilt !--hath guilt alone
ELA.
Stain'd with its falling tears thy foot-wora
floor,
When the harsh echo of the closing door
Hath died upon the ear, and ſinging from
His form upon the earth, thy chiling gloom
Seem'd to the wretch the sentence of his
NOTICES COMMUNICATIONS--SELECTIONS.
doom-
Say bear’st thou witness to no heart-wrung
TO READERS AND CORRESPONDENTS.
groan,
“A Subscriber,” who politely furnished the Bursting from sinless bosoms, whom the hand
information, a short time since, of another case
Of tyrant powers hath sever'd from the band
of “ Yankee Slave Trading,” should have ac Of the earth's holiest and dearest things,
companied his coinmunication with his proper And thrust amidst thy darkness ? Speak!
Editors cannot, consistently, shoulder declare
the responsibility of anonymous correspondents, If only the rude felon's curse and prayer,
in all cases. Without personal knowledge, or Mix'd with wild wail and wilder laughter rings
proper vouchers, they may sometimes thereby Within thuse dreary walls ?-or if there be
risk too much.
No spirits fainting there with agony,
· Clarkson” should have had an introduction That not from their own crimes, but foul op.
to our readers this month, but is reluctantly pression, springs!
crowded out for the present. When we become
more popular, we shall hold our levees more Ha! am I answered ?-in that startling cry,
frequently, and in larger rooms.
Bursting from some wild breast with anguish
Many communications are yet on hand,
riven,
which we cannot insert without neglecting And rising up to register in heaven
matters of an important character, that demand Its blighting tale of outrage--the reply
speedy attention. We thank our friends for Was heard distinctly terrible. It sprung
their favors--shall still be glad to receive them From a sad household group, who wildly ciung
and when the subjects upon which they treat Together, in frantic agony,
are of immediate interest, will endeavor to
Till they were torn by savage hands apart,
attend to them without delay.
From arnis, from twining arms, and heart
Several articles are in type, which must lay
froin heart,
over for the next number--among ihem a re Never to ineet again! What had they done
view of an address from the colored people of Thou tool of avarice and tyrauny !
New York, on the subject of African Coloni That they should thus be given o’er to thee,
zation.
And thy guiit haunted cells--sister, sire and son,
Mother and babe, all partners in one crime
WESTERN WEEKLY REVIEW.
As dreadful as the fate that through all time
This is the title of a paper, recently establish - || Clings to them with a grasp they may not shun:
ed at Franklin, Tennessee. It is under the edi-
torial direction of Thwinas Hoge, Jr. Esq. a No! let the tale be spoken, though it burn
young lawyer, wh' was for several years, con The cheek with shame to breath it-let it go
nected in business with the editor of the Cenius Forth on the winds, that the wide globe may
of Universal Einancipation. Possessed of' fine
know
talents and a cultivated intellect--to which is Our vileness, and the rudest savage turn
aide:) a huinane public spirit, that utterly abhor's And point with trembling finger to the spot
the system of oppression--he will, no doubt, Whereon thou standest; that all men may blot
present the public with a truly valuable Miscel- || Our name with its deserved taunt, and spurn
Jany. Success attend him. May his patronage Our vaunting laws of justice with the heel
be equivalent to his merit, and his usefulness Of low contumely ; that every peel
Co-extensive with his superior worth and the Of triumph, may be answer'd with a shout
honest aspirations of his generous and philanthro Of biting mockery, and our starry flag,
pic mind.
Our glorious banner ! may,dishonor’d, drag


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
15
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
E. M. c.
1.
Its proud folds in the dust, or only fiout
ly entreat benevolent individuals and editors,
The gales of heaven, to be a broader mark who are sufficiently enlightened to discern the
For scorn to spit at--oh, thou depot dark ! great importance of the Institution, to afford it
Where souls and human limbs, are mieted out, their support now, while it is by far the most
needed, and will be the most efectual.”
In fiendish traffic--no! those weeping ones
Have done no evil-but their brother's hand. FREE COLOURED PERSONS IN NORTH CAR-
Hath rudely burst the sac ed household band, | OLINA.- A law, passed by the Legislature of
And given, with heart more flinty than thy stones North Carolina at their last session, which re-
His victims to thy keeping, an'l thy chains, lates to free colored persons, and is to go into
Till he hath soLD THEM! they wil'sin whose operation in May inst. subjects vessels bring-
veins
ing one or more of this description of persons to
Blood like his own is coursing, and whose moans forty days quarantine; and in case of infrioge-
Are torn from hearts as deathless as his own! inent of the law, the captain is liable to a heavy
And there thou stand st!-where Freedom's tine.- Southern paper.
altar stone
Is darken’d by thy shadows—and the cry
From the Liberator.
That thrills so fearfully upon the air,
SONNET TO
With its wild tale of anguish and despair,
Dlends with the peans that are swelling high
Friend of mankind! for thee I rondly cherish
To do her homage! I have sometimes felt,
Th’exuberance of a brother's glowing love;
As I could hate my country, for her guilt-
And never in my memory shall perish
l'util in biiter tears the mood went by.
Thy name or worth--so.time shall truly prove!
Thy spirit is more gentle than a dove,
Yet hath an angel's energy and scope;
Its flight is towering as the heaven above,
AFRICAN EDUCATION SOCIETY. And with the outstretch'd earth doth bravely
We regret that our limits are too narrow to cope.
insert the address. recently published by the Thou standest on an eminence, so high,
managers of this institution. The philanthropist All nations congregate around its base;
will rejoice at any and every attempt to raise There, with a kindling soul and piercing eye,
the colored race from the cruel debasement to The wrongs and sufierings of thy kind dost
which. prejudice aud power have reduced them.
trace:
The following brief extracts, from the “Ameri-. Thy country is the world--thou know'st no
can Spectator,” is all we have room for, just
other-
now, in relation to this subject.-6 v. E. And every man, in every clime, thy brother!
G-
"The American Spectator is connected with
the African Education Society. The Society
are responsible for conducting the editorial de William Roby, a mulatto, was committed to
partment; and in return they are allowed a Boston jail, on Wednesday, for having stabbed
space in each paper, not exceeding two columns, a young woman of color, named Maria Leonard,
and they are to receive the amount of ball a in the back, and beat and stamped upon ber so
dollar yearly on each subscriber to the Specta-
that her life is despaired of. Jealousy was tje
tor. They have thus a common interest with cause of this horrid act--which proves that Ro-
the Proprietor in iis circulation anil success.-- by is a human being, in despite of his skin, for
Those, therefore, who aid the paper, will at the brutes are never jealous, and do not abuse the
same time be aiding the Society. The Spec- li“ suſter sex.”-ið.
tator is needed, noi only as the organ of the
Society, buí us the means of promoting its
We justify no war. The victories of Liberty
pecuniary interests. Its general character, I should be bloodless, and effected solely by spi-
however, will remain untered; and with re-
ritual weapous.
If we deemed it pleasing in
gard to this, we refer our readers to its past the sight of God to kill tyrants, we would im
numbers, and to the Prospecins which we pab- | mediately put ourselves at the head of a black
lish to-day. The Colonization and Education | army at the south, and scatter devastation and
Societies are not connected, and the funds of death on every side; but we are reminded that
one will not be idsed by the other."
vengeance belongs to God-aud that it is cur
“We publish to-day the amount of money and duty to retuin good for evil, and to pray for
stadiscriptions received in more than a year by those who despitefully use and persecute us.--
We therefore do not think it “would be expe-
the African Education Society. From this it
will be evident, that unless there should be a
dient to call public meetings, in order to raise
considerable advance in public liberality, the subscriptions for ile use of the Poles.” Let our
Society, though it will not probably become charities be extended to our southern slaves-let
us achieve their liberation.-16.
extinct, nius! continue to make etioris, and stek
expedients for a bare existence, wbile il ought
to be making eminent citizens of Africa, able LIBURLA SUGAR.--- We have heen presented
and ready to enlighten and renovate its misera with a specimen on Sugar made at the Colony of
ble communities; and to be accomplishing on a Liberia in Africa, a consignment of several saclis
large svale, whieh ulone can be economical and of which recently arrived in this city by way of
etlicient, the great and important design for New-Orleans. It surpasses, in whiteness, the
which it was organized. The lustitution will best White Havana, and is not interior in the
be supported by the labor of the pupils, as far as is richness of its flavor. It is kept for sale at the
consisient with its main design; but this, we store of 0. Fairchild & Co., merchants of this
repeat, and we hope it will not be forgotten, | city.
will, by the purchase of tools and materials, ne This is a most interesting fact in the history of
cessarily and greaily auginent its first expendi- colonization. We have no doubt, should the
tures. We, therefore, respecifully and carnest Liberians turn their attention to the manufar-


16
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
12
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
OF THE
ture of sugar, that they would find a ready mar-
five dollars remitted to the Editor, in current
ket for all they could produce, as hundreds and money of the United States.
thousands would prefer sugar made by the hands All letters and communications, intended for
of freemen, even at a higher price, to that which this office, must be addressed (free of expense)
had been mingled with the tears of the slave. to BENJAMIN LUNDY, Washington, D. C.
Cincinnati Journal. May, 1831.
AUTHORIZED AGENTS.
It has recently been decided by the Court of Amos Gilbert-- Washington, D. C. ( Office at
Appeals of S. Carolina, that a free person of color
Côr. E.and 9th-sts, near the Pet-Office.)
is not a competent witness, even in a suit be Wijam. R. Jones- No. 18, Market-street,
tween persons of his own cast; nor can book en Baltimore, Maryland.
tries, made by a colored clerk, be supported by
Abner M. Plummer-Newmarket, do.
proof of his hand writing!!
Samuel Brown- Winchester, Virginia.
Johnathan Taylor, Jr.-Purcell's Store, do.
EFFECTS OF SLAVERY IN VIRGINIA.--In Rich'd Mendenhall-Jamestown, N.C.
1790 this State contained one fifth of the politi-
Thos. Moore, P. M.-Newgarden, do.
cal power of the Union, was twice as large as Thos. Lundy--Huntsville, Snrry Co. do.
New-York, and one-third larger than Pennsyl-
M. Long, P. M.-Long's Mills, do.
vania. The opposite of this is her present situ J. Newlin, P. M ---Lindley's Store, do.
ation. She must now rank below Ohio, a State B. Swaim, Esq.-New-Salem, do.
that was not in existence when she was in the
Rev. H. M'Milllan--- Chesterville, s. C.
zenith of her prosperity.
Samuel Holliman— Wrightsboro', Ga.
Thos. Doan-Newmarket, Jef". Co. Tenn.
Jas. Jones, P.M.Unitia, Blount Co. do.
PROSPECTUS
Elijah Embree, P. M.-Pactolus, do.
William Bryant-Nashville, do.
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION. William Mack--Columbia, do.
VOL. XII.
James Askins--Fayetteville, do.
The object and character of this work are
Rev. Jesse Haile Springfield, Illinois,
well known. It has been published nearly ten
Rev.John F.Crow, P. M.-Hanover, la.
Smith & Bulla- Centreville, do.
years, and circulates in all the States of this
Union,in Canada, the West Indies, Europe,and
Rev. M. Jamieson-Mountsterling, Ky.
Africa. It is exclusively devoted to the subject
Joseph Lormer-Mount- Washinglon, do.
of the Abolition of Slavery, or the American
Joseph B. Chapman-Waynesville, Ohio.
Continent and Islands.
Dr. Joseph Stanton-Springborough, do.
Within a few years, the proprietor has trav-
William Lewis-Harrisville, do.
elled much, and had to depend somewhat upon
A. Baer, Jr.- Osnaburg, Stark Co. Do.
the assistance of others to conduct the work.
William P. Richards, Wilmington, Del.
He pledges himself, however, that the publica,
Joseph Sharpless-No. 22, N. 4th street,
tion shall not cease, but with the cessation of
Philadelphia, Penn.
his natural life, provided, the public patronage,
Joseph Cassey-No. S. 4th street, do. do.
or the labor of his own hands, will furnish the
Dr. E. Michener-London grove, do.
means of issuing a single sheet per annum.“
Dr. B. Fussell-Kennett Square, do.
He further pledges himself, that the great fun-
Joel Wierman-York Springs, Adams Co.do.
damental principles, hitherto advocated in this
Lindley Coates--Gap P. 0. Lan. Co. do.
work, shall be steadily maintained. The course
Jehu Lewis—Bethlehem, Wash. Co. do.
to be pursued, hereafter, will not materially vary
Richard Lundy-Mountholly, N.J.
from that which he marked out in the beginning.
Benjamin Acton-Salem, do.
The corrupt sources of the horrible evil of James Willsori, Jr.-Alamouchy P. O. Sus.
slavery shall be traced; this fatal gangrene up-
sex County, do.
on the body politic shall be probed; and the
Mahlon Day-No.376 Pearl-st. N. Y. Crty.
healing balsam will be applied when the putrid
John Lockwood-Poughkeepsie, 4. Y.
mass is removed. Every possible investigation
James Adams—Albany, do.
will be made as to the state of the slave-system,
Charles Marriott-Hudson, do.
and what is doing relative to its perpetuation or
Abijah Purinton-Troy, do.
abolition, particularly, in the various parts of
Thomas Shotwell-Marengo, do.
the United States and the West Indies. Every
John I. Wells & Son--Hartford, Conn.
exertion will also be made to show what can be
R. T. Robinson-Herrisburg, Vt.
done, with propriety and safety, towaras eradi-
William Lloyd Garrison, Boston, Mass.
cating this enormous and increasing evil from
Samuel Rodman, Jr.-New-Bedford. do.
the American soil.
Rev. N. Paul-L don C. H. Upper Canada.
James Cropper-Liverpool, England.
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.
William B. Bowler-Port au Prince, Hayti.
The work will, henceforth, be issued month John B. Salgues-Aux Cayes, do:
ly. It will be neatly printed, on fine paper, Jacob W. Prout-Monrovia, Africa.
and folded in the octavo form, each number
making sixteen large pages.
The price of subscription will be One Dollar The postage of the Genius of Universal Eman.
per anuum, always to be paid in advance. cipation is now the same as that of weekly
Subscribers who do not particulary specify newspapers. One cent and a half, for each pa-
the time they wish to receive the work, or no per, is the highest that can be legally charged
tify the Editor of a desire to discontinue it be- || within the United States. If the distance be
fore the expiration of each current year, will be || less than one hundred miles, but one cene
considered as engaged for the next succeeding || can be demanded. Post-masters will please
one, and their bills will be forwarded accor attend to this notice. The Post-Office in
Jingly.
Washington forwards the paper under this regu-
Agents will be entitled to six copies for every"lation.
POSTAGE.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
EDITED BY B. LUNDY--PUBLISHED IN WASHINGTON AND BALTIMORE--$1.00 PER ANN.
“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, and endowed by their Creator with certain
inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”---Declaration Independence, U.S.
No. 2. VOL. II. THIRD SERIES.)
JU NE, 1831.
[WHOLE NUMBER 266. VOL. XII.
AN EDITOR'S PREDICAMENT.
aid the cause of emancipation, and who fail not
We often hear from persons professing to ab-
to attempt the execution. It is only those who
hor slavery, that those who are exertiug thein- profess an abhorrence of slavery, yet do nothing
selves to effect its abolition, “do not work it
-and those who admit the "abstract question”
right.---- It is highly probable that there has not unequivocally, yet hold on to the save tena-
yet been a plan devised by ingenuity, or acted ciously, whose foot our shoe will fit. We
upon by benevolence, the object of which was
can therefore say to all the friends of the right-
to restore their natural rights to all men, and
eous cause—slaveholders or non-slaveholders,
secure them in the possession, which has not
(for we well know that there are, with both,
been met with, “you will never abolish slavery ! those who long for universal enfranchisement,)
by such means.” To the sanguine, and ardent, let each, in the way he believes best adapted to
the sentiment is revolting--the effect is chill-
secure the end, contribute to promote the great
ing. Toʻthe experienced, and reflecting, it is and good work; and though the roads you take
but another evidence, that nothing short of un-
may, in the beginning, diverge at considerable
remitting perseverance, can accomplish the angles, and may be all, more or less circuitous,
righteous work-and such can say “come broth- the travellers in them, being guided by the same
er” to every one who evinces an honest desire compass, with the same attractions will ar-
to aid in advancing it. Aware that the varieties || rive at the same point at last. With universal
of human thought and feeling, can neither be equal rights for the polar star, and justice the
coerced, or reasoned, into uniformity, they per- unerring needle, ultimately the Vessel of Free.
ceive how this variety may be made as useful dom must land in a safe port, where the tem-
in the moral, as diversity of forms, are beautiful pests of tyranny shall serve but to purify the
in the material world.
atmosphere, and prevent the unhealthful calms
of morbid apathy. Anchored in such moorings
We are not discouraged, therefore, when
—there she must continue to ride in safety for
some reproach us with timidity, and an undue
regard for the feelings of the oppressor-nor
when others censure us, for the harshness of
our denunciations against him: While diver-
sity of temperament prevails amongst human
We have received a pamphlet, containing an
beings these things must be-editors know that | Address to the public, issued by a Committee
; they are. Scarcely a week passes away which representing a large proportion of the colored
does not bring to our ears,both praise and blame people of New-York, in answer to an Address
noris this all-occasionally they are both meted from the African Colonization Society. Our
out to us, for the same course. This being our pre- readers have had the promise of a specimen of
dicament, and not knowing to whom to apply their argument upon this subject; and the fol-
for better direction, than that which we our-lowing extracts, from the address in question,
selves, after some experience, and much inves- will give a tolerably good idea of the ground
tigation, honestly, and firmly believe to be right, they take in opposing the doctrines and meas-
we find most peace in pursuing undeviatingly
ures of that institution.
that course which is marked out to us from the We like to see a discussion of this important
existing state of things
..
subject. If the African Colonization System is
We wish it to be distinctly understood, that founded upon a proper basis ; if it is calculated
our reprehensions apply not to any—to what essentially to aid the cause of Emancipation,
ever extent they may be slave-holders—who this will furnish occasions to produce every
are making arrangements, in accordance with || variety of argument in proof of it.
their own conscientious views, for the extinc-
An article from the pen of a colored man in
tion of a system which they feel is wrong: nei- favor of Colonization, recently appeared in the
ther do our commendations embrace any, how-|| American Spectator. We have been requested
ever they may be associated, but such as exer to insert it; and shall probably give it a place in
cise their minds, in devising the best means to our next pumber.
ever.
ANTI-COLONIZATION.


18
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
1
1
1
21
0
we
race.
0
“una-
$1
B
le
“In protesting against the sentiments and topic, and we say with the same writer, the
declarations to our prejudice with which the blacks had a long and glorious day: and after
above noticed “ address” and “resolutions" what they have been and done, it argues not so
abound, we are well aware of the power and much a mistaken theory, as sheer ignorance of
influence we have attempted to resist. The the most notorious historical facts, to pretend
gentlemen named as officers of the “ Coloniza- that they are naturally inferior to the whites.
tion Society” are men of high standing, their “ There does exist in the United States a pre-
dictum is law in morals with our community; judice against us, but is it unconquerable: Is it
but we, who feel the effect of their proscrip- not in the power of these gentlemen to subdue
țion, indulge the hope of an impartial hearing. it? If their object is to benefit us, why not bet-
“We believe many of those gentlemen are our ter our condition here? What keeps us down
friends, and we hope they all mean well; we but the want of wealth? Why do we not accumy.
care not how inany Colonization Societies they | late wealth ? Simply because we are not en-
form to send slaves from the south to a place couraged. If we wish to give our boys a clas-
where they may enjoy freedom; and if they can sical education, they are refused admission into
“ drain the ocean with a bucket,” may send your colleges. If we consume our means in
“ with their own consent,” the increasing free giving them a mercantile education, you will
colored population: but we solemnly protest not employ them as clerks; if they are taught
against that Christian philanthropy which in ac-navigation, you will not employ them as cap.
knowledging our wrongs commits a greater by tains. If we make them mechanics, you will
vilifying us. The conscientious man would not not encourage them, nor will white mechanics
kill the animal, but cried “ mad dog," and the work in the same shop with them. And with
rabble despatched him. These gentlemen ac all these disabilities, like a mill-stone about us,
knowledge the anomaly of that political ethicks because cannot point out our States-
which makes a distinction between man and men, and Lawyers, we are called an inferior
man, when its foundation is “ that all men are
horn equal," and possess in common
“ Finally, we hope that those who have so
lienable rights,” and to justify the withholding | eloquently pleaded the cause of the Indian, will
of these “ rights” would proclaim to foreigners at least endeavor to preserve consistence in
that we are « a distinct and inferior race," with their conduct. They put no faith in Georgia,
out religion or morals, and implying that our although she declares that the Indians, shall not
condition cannot be improved here because there be removed but “ with their own consent.”-
exists an unconquerable prejudice in the whites Can they blame us if we attach the same credit
towards us. We absolutely deny these positions, to the declaration, that they mean to colonize
and we call upon the learned author of the “ad us, “only with our consent?”
dress” for the indications of distinction between
us and other men. There are different colors * Alexander H. Everitt. Esq. vide his work
among all species of animated creation. A dif- entitled America, or a General Survey, &c. &c.
ference of color is not a difference of species. || pp. 212. 205.
Our structure and organization are the same,
and not distinct from other men; and in what re-
COLONIZATION SOCIETY.
spects are we inferior? Our political condition
we admit renders us less respectable, but does
In the African Repository for February, may
it prove us an inferior part of the human fami- be found the proceedings of the Colonization
ly? Ipferior indeed we are as to the means | Society in January last. There is no juconsid-
which we possess of becoming wealthy and
learned men, and it would argue well for the
erable display of eloquence and feeling in their
cause of justice, humanity, and true religion, if | deliberations. Our space does not permit us to
the reverend gentlemen whose names are found go into detail; we will not, however, resist the
at the bottom of President Duer's address, in-
stead of showing their benevolence by laboring desire to extract a resolution offered by the
to move us some 4000 miles off, were to engage Hon. Mr. Frelinghuysen, of New Jersey.
actively in the furtherance of plans for the im-
“ Resolved, That in the opinion of this meet.
provement of our moral and political conditioning the slave trade is not to be suppresed, with.
in the country of our birth. It is too late now
out more united and vigorous exertions on the
to brand with inferiority any one of the races of part of the several governments of christendom,
mankind. We ask for proof. Time was when and that both Humanity and Religion, invoke
it was thought impossible to civilize the red
all conscientious and enlightened statesmen to
Yet our own country presents a practi- | consider ar d adopt more effectual measures, for
cal refutation of the vain assertion in the Cher. || putting down forever this abominable traffic.”
okees, among whom intelligence and refinement
are seen in somewhat fairer proportions than
We can most heartily respond to the senti.
are exhibited by some of their white neighbors. I ment of this resolution; and we remain to be,
In the language of a writer of expanded views as we have ever been, of opinion, that though
and truly noble sentiments, "the blacks must be
regarded as the real authors of most of the arts
all means may “work together for good,” the
and sciences which give the whites at present most effectual, for “putting down the traffic"
the advantages over them. While Greece and abroad, is TO PUT IT DOWN AT HOME.
Rome were yet barbarous, we find the light of
learning and improvement emanating from this,
The preacher who says, "do as I say-not as
by supposition, degraded and accursed continent I do,” may be praised for his uit; but he, who
of Africa, out of the midst of this very wool-
shews in his practice, that he believes his own
ly-haired, flat-nosed, thick lipped, coal black
race, which some persons are tempted to station precepts, gives proof of wisdom—he makes pros.
at a pretty low intermediate po between mer elytes. The permission of the domestic, and
and monkeys."* It is needless to dwell on this interdiction of the foreign slave trade, is ob-
C
10
V
man.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
19
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
served by friends and foes—and the failure in Whites
843,000
the latter, as in the case of the moral teacher, | Free natives of mix'd blood 426,000
Free Blacks
may be more dependant on a want of consisten-
159,000
1,428,000
cy, than many are aware.
Black Slaves
1,729,000
Slaves of mixed blood 202,000
1,930,000
DANISH AND BRITISH COLONIES.
Indians
259,400
The circumstance of the Danish Government
having decreed that the free colored inhabitants
3,617,400
of St. Croix shall henceforth be placed upon a
We add the following remarks upon this sub-
par with the whites is noticed, approvingly, inject from the “Eclectic Review,” as appended
to Dr. Walsh's statement:
many of the papers in the United States. It is,
certainly a subject of gratification to philanthro-increasing in a proportion frightful beyond
“The importation of slaves, which has been
pists. But why is the fact not more generally comparison, under the new order of things,
made. known, that the British Government has must also have swelled the aggregate population,
adopted similar measures in its unchartered col- has been proportionally dreadful. During the
unless we suppose that the waste of human life
onies? The Anti-Slavery Monthly Reporter, last ten years, according to the returns furnish-
for November, 1830, now lying before us, states ed by Dr. Walsh, upwards of 300,000 slaves en.
that, by sundry orders in Council the free blacks | latterly risen from 15,000' to between 40 and
tered the port of Rio alone; the imports having
of Trinidad St.Lucia,and the Cape of Good Hope, ||50,000 a-year. The number imported into Ba-
have been admitted to all the rights and privi- hia, is not given. In 1824, we know that it
Jeges of white citizens, and it is believed, that amounted to 3137, of whom 962 were re-expor-
ted to Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande ; and the
similar regulations have been made in Demerara, || number imported into Bahía during the first
Berbice, Mauritius, and the other colonies, sub- || half of 1825, exhibited a similar proportion.-
ject to the immediate government of the Crown. Supposing this to be the average number for the
A lesson, this, for our «republican” statesmen!
ten years, and making the necessary deduction
for re-exportation to Rio, we shall have to add
from 20 to 25,000 slaves to the above estimate,
BRITISH WEST-INDIA POPULATION.
If, then, the previous slave population of Brazil
has not decreased in the same proportion, their
The following table shows the relative pro- total numbers must now considerably exceed
portion of the Whites, Slaves, and Free Blacks in two millions; say 2,200,000,
the British West India, which will be read with
interest :
OUR OWN VIEWS.
Chartered Col. Whites. Slaves. Free Blacks. Having given in our last,extracts from the pro-
Bermuda, 5,500 4,650
500
Bahamas,
ceedings of the Free Produce Societies, we feel
4,000 9,500 2.800
Jamaica, 15,000 331,000 40,000
induced to throw some thoughts, which have
Virgin Isles,
5,400 607 suggested themselves, before our readers.
St.Christopher's 1,309 19,500 2,500
Why do any say that abstinence from the
Nevis,
800 9,000 1,800
Antigua, 2,000 30,000 4,500
products of slave-labor can effect nothing ?
Mont-Serra,
500
6,000
Surely, they do not reflect; for in the first place,
Dominica,
800 14,500 3,600
is it not something to the individual, to know
Barbadoes, 15,000 81,000 5,000
St. Vincent's,
that he has washed his hands of the guilt of op.
1,300 23,500* 2,000
Grenada,
800 24,500 3,700 pression ? That which is done intelligently and
Tobago,
350 12,700 1,200 conscientiously makes a better man; and as men
Crown Colonies.
become consistently better, their influence is
St. Lucia, 1,100 13,500 4,000
Trinidad, 13,500 23,000 16,000
extended-others observe the advantages they
Honduras,
300 2,450 2,800 have from a rigid compliance with the requisi-
Demerara, 3,000 70,000 6,000 tions of duty, and it is impossible but that they
Berbice,
600 21,000 1,000
C. Good Hope, 43,000 35,000 29.000
should desire those advantages for themselves
Mauritius, 8,000 76,000 15,100 -this desire very naturally will lead them, as
it led those, to whose condition they aspire-
Total, 108,150 912,700 143,707
for the peace here spoken of, is only to be had
on the common terms-namely: to ascertain
POPULATION OF BRAZIL.
intrinsic right and conform to it.-All truths
The reader is referred to Walsh's “ Notes on are facts, or directly deduced from them. The
Brazil,” for an exceedingly interesting state- || sentiment just expressed, that the example of
ment of the population, &c. of that country. the virtuous, though silent and often unper-
From this it appears that the number, (divided ceived, is nevertheless operative, is a well at-
into different castes,) in 1819, stood as fol. tested fact. To whose mind it was first sugges-
lows:
ted, that the consumer of the products of slaver
>
860
700


20
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Column.
Jabor was accessary to oppression, is not See nis inference :
known: it is known, however, that but “From all these facts it follows, that under a
few years have elapsed since it claimed just and prudent system of management, negroes
the attention of some isolated individuals, property, and easily governed; that they are not
are a safe, permanent, productive and growing
who, however highly they ranked in other naturally desirous of change, but are sober, dis.
respects, had the lustre of their greatness creet, honest and obliging; are less troublesome,
obscured in the vision of their admirers, by this the ordinary class of corrupted whites of similar
and possess a much better mural character than
speck of innovation-this mist of enthusiastic, it condition. For the truth of this observation,
may be fanatic eccentricity.—Now, hundreds 1 appeal to every slave holder in the south, who
bear the same testimony, and thousands have has had an opportunity of witnessing the cou-
duct of white laborers who come annually to
it under serious consideration. If twenty years seek work from the north, whether the cominon
ago, the example of a corscientious man con- | plantation negroes do not conduct themselves
vinced his neighbor in a year--the two, each
much better and are of a more respectable moral
character."
his man in the next, and so on, in a geometric
He then adds :
series whose annual ratio of progression, is two
(and this it is believed existing associations will their women and children, and to domestic life,
“ Their strong attachment to their homes, to
establish, up to this time) how long would it
are likewise great securities for their good be.
take to convince every one whose pecuniary haviour; which, with a fair and equitable allow-
interests are not opposed ?
ance of clothes and provisions, kind treatment
when sick, and fair words when well, will, in
Letit not be inferred that there is any implied | most cases, insure good behaviour, ovedience and
indifference to other modes of arresting the attachment. Under these circumstances they
enormous evil of slavery; the distinct object of will, without grumbling, and with very little
corporeal punishment, perform a great deal of
this article is to defend abstinence in those who valuable labor in a year, and with profit and
prastice it, and to recommend the propriety of satisfaction to the owner, who if prudent, will
it to the consideration of others.
soon find himself in easy circumstances, and
feel happy in experiencing the attachment, con
fidence, and good will of a grateful and happy
MORE OF THE FLORIDA PAMPHLET.
people. Our laws to regulate siaves are entirely
founded on terror. It would be worth while to
In our last we commenced a hasty review of try the experiment of a sinail mixture of reward
this tract. Considering the imperfections of with the punishment-such as allowing them
that hurried attempt, together with the want of the free use of Sunday, as a market day and ju-
bilee, which I have observed had a good effect
space in our little work, we should be glad if in all foreign countries, also in Louisiana. The
the pamphlet itself, could fall into the hands of laws of the souihern staies are exlusively com
every reader of the the “Genius.” We will structed for the protection of whites, and vexa.
make some further extracts.
tious tyranny over the persons and properties of
every colored person, whose oath can in no
After treating briefly of the causes, and the case be admitted as evidence against a white per-
progress of the Haytien Revolution, the author | son. Policy and self-preservation require, to
render the co-operative system beneficial, that
slaves must be kept under wholesome and just
“The fall, and final extinction of its colonial restraint, which must always create some degree
power, and its subsequent re-establishment un of resistance more or less to Patriarchal auth-
der a free and independent governinent of ae-ority; to counterbalance which, the interest and
groes in our vicinity, furnishes, in a variety of co-operation of the free colored people, is abso-
incidents which took place during its whole lutely necessary, when the white population is
course, abundant examples of situation, occur- ! scanty.”
rences, and facts, from which we may establish “ The Policy generally pursued by our own
cousequences that would apply to almost every | slave holding state governments with regard to
possible situation in which we could imagine free colored people, and that pursued by foreign,
slaves of a similar class to our own to be placed.”ll colonial and other slave holding governmeuts
,
He then proceeds to state, that during the is directly opposite. In the latter, the free co.
conflict between the contending parties,
lored people have found it their interest uni.
versally and decidedly to place themselves in the
“ The slaves were armed by their masters, scale of the whites, or in opposition to the
and protected themselves and families while they | slaves. A slave who saves my life by rescuing
made abundant crops of coffee. In short, when i it from assassins at the risk of his own; or who
we come to consider the massacres and blood-
saves the lives and properties of a whole com-
shed necessarily attending such a horrid revolu.
munity by informing against conspirators, must
tion, where a vast pumber of slaves were forced still remain a slave! and what a dreadful feeling
into a state of licentious anarchy, and led on of general resentment must orginate from such
by partizans blinded by revolutionary fury, who
a source of injustice! No wonder (with such
gave no quarter on either side, it is astonishing | laws) at the universal antipathy and detestation
that the slaves now liberated, should bave so against slavery, thus identified with tyranny and
soon returned to a peaceable and quiet state of the most oppressive cruelty.”
domestic order, and again, admitted whites to re-
side peaceably among them, and enjoy all the In page 12 he asks—and as we think, from a
pre-eminence that condition could give.” well reasoned conviction of human wants-a
says:


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
21
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
.
1
case.
just, and generous sense of human rights: “Is || would at least laugh at our absurd indiscretion.”
there any thing worthy of acceptance, that can The author wishes inducements held out to
be offered to a slave, but FREEDOM?”
the slaves, to become serviceable to their own-
If readers can admit, for a while that power | ers and encourages the owners to ieward them
and right are not synonims, they will find || for it. He also thinks it hard that law should
something worthy their attention, in what fol- || prevent an owner from liberating a deserying
lows-it states so me very important facts; shows | Slave; he, moreover proposes, that free colored
the writer to be a close observer—an accurate, people be put on an equal footing with whites.
and cogent reasoner—and his tacit predictions, || After all this, he says :
may one day, be verefied, albiet they do not
“It appears that, to raise the value of south-
purport to emanate from any thing supernatu ern plantation property, to its just scale of pur-
ral.
chase value, according to the rate of interest
yielded by its neat average return of crops, to
“ A very common argument against free co-
bear an equal proportion with the value and re-
lored people's testimony being admitted as evi-
turns of real properiy in the north, which is the
dence in all cases is, that their moral character
is not generally so respectable. The force of all principal object of this treatise, it may be com-
sidered necessary
testimony must be measured by its respectabili-
Ist. To put all fear of danger, either to per-
ty; therefore of unequal value. But that the
inoral character of free colored people generally, || at rest.
300 or property, from insurrection of the slaves,
is inferior to thai of the same condition of whites,
20. To destroy all doubt of the permanent
I think cannot be proved. On the contrary, | durability of such property, in case of war or
all unprejudiced people who have had an oppor- || in asion.
tunity of knowing, and have paid attention to the
3d. To extinguish that general, foreign or
subject, will say that the very opposite is the || porthern prejudice, against holding slave pro-
Even if it were not so, what a reflection
on our policy and justice, to outlaw them for || perty, which commonly arises from their mis-
taken view of our policy and laws, to regulate
complexion, which they cannot help, and de-
slaves and free colored people.”
prive them of the means of acquiring moral im.
provement, by driving them to seek shelter To his first proposition, we would say, it must
among the slaves! Few, I think will deny that be effected by arrangements, having for their
color and condition, if properly considered, are
two very separate qualities. "But the fact is, object, the gradual,jbut ENTIRE emancipation,
that in almost every instance, our legislators, of every slave. His views, if carried into oper-
for want oi due consideration, have mistaken || ation, have, whether he perceives it or not, a
the shadow for the substance, and confounded | certain tendency to that end; and hence, we
together two very different things, thereby sub-
stantiating, by law, a dangerous and inconve. think, his second and third, are superfluous, in
rient antipathy, which can have no better foun- remote prospective calculation. But if they
dation than prejudice. It is much to be regret must needs be-in relation to the second, it is our
ted that those who enact laws to regulate slaves, decided opinion, it must be effected by reducing
and tree people of color, are often obliged to con-
sult popularity, rather than policy, and their own
slaves to still more brutish ignorance : nothing
good sense.
else, can ensure a permanent property in hu-
“Some of our state laws, in defiance of our man beings. The end proposed to be attained
national treaties, condemn to indiscriminate im- in the third, can be done by simply destroying
prisonment in the common jail, every class of
free colored persons, who inay arrive within in the human mind, all distinction between vir-
their limits, without reference to sex, cause, or TUE and vice: by banishing all correct reas-
condition; and to be sold as slaves where ihey | oning, and feeling, from the head and heart.
have not the means of paying the penalties an-
nexed to the crime of arriving within the juris-
diction of the law. What must be the final con-
sequence of such infatuation? an infatuation ar We have just finished an attentive perusal of
raying itself in open and avowed hostility against the address presented to this society by its board
twelve millions of people, now composing the
of managers. Emanating from such a source,
colored population of this quarter of the world.
Hayti, alone, in the full career of wealth, free and holding out the views it contains, it cannot
dom, and juvenile independence, with equal, if be considered in any other light, than that of an
not superior, advantages of climate, soil and sit-
uation, to any equal portion of territory in the important document; and, from the position we
world, and evidently destined by nature, at no
occupy, one, that inight well be expected to
very distant period, if not to command, at least elicit our remarks. We cannot yeild our un-
to share the commerce of the surrounding qualified approbation, though we discern no
ocean; and, without being over-peopled, com-
fortably to accommodale” tweive inillions of principle, in it, which we disown. It appears to
inhabitants.
be a specimen of those frequent cases in which
“A war of color would, in our situation, of justice and philanthropy are impeded in their
all wars be the most dangerous; therefore the operations by a temporizing policy, which pre-
least advisable, because we naturally ana una vents honest minds from distinguishing how
voidably (under our present policy) contain
within us the materials of our own dissolution; far their motives are influenced by legal
and nine-tenths of all our present white friends || opinion, and popular custom.
1
t
11
AFRICAN EDUCATION SOCIETY.
!


22
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
The Society have it in contemplation to in We well know of the prevailing sentiment,
struct the colored race, by uniting industry that it is not safe to furnish slaves with instruc-
and science:-a plan much spoken of in these | tion;" and we assuredly believe, that if proper.
days—and one, we will hazard the opinion, | instructions were given, to a proper extent, this
which is approved by every reflecting lover of || alone would remove every vestige of the curse
his species, who has examined it. They say: of slavery from the earth: This is the same as
“It is the design of the Society, not, in the that on some future millenial day,no man would
manner of a day school, to take charge of the claim the undignified epithet--MASTER. But
youth entrusted to them, for a few hours daily; || this would be effected without any violence, or
and then dismiss them, to dissipate among idle
and vicious companions, the slight impressions
- what may be even more dreaded by some,--
made upon them, and thus to blast, every night || any loss. The development of the faculties
and morning, the germs of sober and industrious and cultivation of good feeling in the case of
habits; but to train them up entirely, as far as
practicable, from early childhood; to make con-
the despised, oppressed children of Africa,
stant and untiring inroads on their wrong hab- would, though almost imperceptibly, yet cer-
its and propensities; to subject them to a steady, tainly, banish slavery from the land.
mild, and salutary discipline; to exercise tow-
ards them a kind and parental care, guarding To the inestimable reward of his own ap.
against the approach of every insidious and || proving conscience, we add the willing meed
hurtful influence; to give them an intimate
of our thanks to the “slaveholder who has of-
practical acquaintance with agriculture, or
some one of the mechanic arts, most likely to fered the gratuitous use of a farm, for the ac-
be useful in Africa;* to instruct them thorough- || commodation of an educational establishment.”
Ty in all the branches of a common school edu-
Would to heaven, that more would, according
cation; to endow them with industrious, active,
and manly habits; and to inspire them with vir- to their ability, “do likewise.”
tuous, generous, and honorable sentiments: in
The board of managers state the fact, that
fine, to form their whole character, and render
it, as far as possible, such as will qualify them to liberty has been given to more slaves, in pro.
become t pioneers in the renovation of Africa.” I portion to the white population in the south,
The next two paragraphs we do not like than in the north. They offer as a reason why
quite so well-they shew a little of that spirit the work of emancipation has not progressed,
of compromise, the necessity of which should the intuitive discovery that “Freedom, in itself
always be matter of regret in a country like | alone, without some redeeming concomitant, is
ours, where the people have but to unite in not a practical blessing” to a people grossly
willing that it shall be so, to secure all the ignorant, and, of course, lacking incentives to
rights and immunities of every individual in the industry, economy, and morality; and hence
land. May it not be questioned "vhether this they argue that it was proper to “arrest the
temporising or compromising manner (we hope progress of emancipation.”
we shall not be understood to use those words We agree with them under existing circum-
in an offensive or censorious sense) has often stances--and as they seem to have united with
been efficient in promoting works of righteous- | full purpose of heart, to change those circum-
ness? Could not the great and the good, of the stances, we bid the intelligent friends of human
north and the south, agree to merge every | rights God speed, in their rational, just, benevo.
consideration in the simple one of justice? Is | lent enterprise.
there not virtue sufficient in the community to After giving their reasons why it was proper
bear the truth? Must men be humored, and
to arrest the desire to emancipate, they add-
have their prejudices respected, while they are “Still, without doubt, the same desire, once
being lured into correct practice, without per: so manifest, yet exists, and even with augment.
ceiving wbither they are going? If such ne-
ed power: and there is every reason to believe,
that when present impediments shall be remov-
cessity exists (and we can no more than say, ed, and the manumission of the slave will im-
we had hoped it did not) let us endeavor to prove his condition, it will arise to far more
obviate it by honest dealing, when and where than its former activity. The call then is most
no interest, real or imagined, is supposed to be emphatic to release this heaven-born desire
from its prison house, and let it again proceed
endangered, and no passion likely to be ex with its work of beneficence--a work which by
cited.
every other instrument may be attempted in
vain. It is certain that to improve the condi-
*What pity, but it would suit as well to subtion of liberated slaves, it is necessary to ele-
stitute "in Africa,” with the words to them. vate their moral and intellectual character. The
And agaio: instead of “become pioneers in
last hope then, of the colored race, is embraced
the renovation of Africa,” to say-become in the design of this Society.
useful citizens, wherever their lot may be cast. “Improvement in the progress from barbar-
With the proposed alterations, we could not de- || ism, is so gradual from year to year, and from
vise a paragraph better suited to what we con age to age, that its advance, at any one moment,
ceive to be the wants of this people.
like the motion of the sun, is imperceptible;-


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
23
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
of this paper,
ifr
10
yet by comparison in its different stages, we
can speak from experience,
discern the iminense disparity between the and actual experiment. For nearly twenty
glimmering dawn and the bright and glorious
meridian. The yeomanry of this country stand years, he filled the station of teacher. Five of
up in all the consciousness of superiority, and those years he assisted in teaching a Sunday
feel as if the high distinction with which they school, and two winters, a night school—both
are favored, were an attribute of their nature, or
3. the direct gift of the Deity: forgetful that their exclusively for colored persons, and into which
own ancestors, but a few ages ago, were in a both sexes, and all ages, were admitted. He
state of barbarism that would have hardly hon-well remembers the closing minute of proceed-
ored an African origin; and that the race has
emerged from such a condition only by the ings made by the little education society, each
slow process of moral and intellectual improve- of whose members, was, in turn, a teacher. It
ment. Hence the immense power of education is was, that“five months of close observation, has
underrated entirely: and the colored race, just | induced the conclusion, that there is no pecu-
brought from a savage country,and placed in sight
of advantages which they cannot enjoy, are re liar inaptitude, or incapacity, in the descen-
garded, to a great extent, as incapable of a simi- || dants of Africa." There was not a dissenting
lar advancement. This prejudice, founded in
voice.
the first instance on grounds almost wholly
gratuitous, and contrary to general principles, The same inequalities which the writer of
must soon give way entirely to facts, which this article, has met with in white students,
are already apparent, and which are now in a
rapid course of further developement."
have been observed to prevail among this peo-
The last paragraph evinces a knowledge of ple.
the progress, and means of intellectual devel Reference could be made to cases of extraor-
opement, affording ample proof that the managers dinary proficiency; but truth cannot be estab-
are no ordinary observers, or commonplace lished by producing remarkable individual facts,
6
reasoners; and the whole is seasoned with a
to prove general propositions ; nor is such a
liberality of sentiment which needs but to be course needed here-cases of intelligence
diffused through the ramifications of society, to | among these long neglected ones, are multiply.
make our country really and truly, what it is ing; eyes are opening to see them; and to cap
nominally, a Republic, whose advantages the climax of this good promise, tongues are
are dealt out by even-handed justice ;-whose loosening, to make the acknowledgment.
citizens know no dependance, but that which
bind: man to inan by participation of a common The following, from the “ Norristown Her.
nature, and reciprocity of equal benefits. ald," may have emanated from a mind under
the operation of poetical influence; but those
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
PREJUDICE YIELDING TO FACTS.
who can see in it nothing but poetry, are ig.
Mr. LUNDY :
norant of thousands of facts, with which they
Having long believed that we do great injus- ought to make themselves acquainted ; nor are
tice to the colored population, by overlooking
the talents, and virtues to be found among then they less ignorant of the intellectual structure,
---and believing too, from much observation, and of that which gives impetus to human affec-
2that this tends to discouragement, I hope you tions.
will permit me to inform your readers (to many
of whom, I know it will be gratifying) that I at-
tended a meeting of their Free Produce Associa-
# tion held in Philadelphia,last month. Though the
meeting was very large, and its proceedings
“Heaven bless thee, and shower down all its
long, great order was observed. The officers || blessings on thee and thine!” said the slave.
were respectable, and the members attentive.
I had presented him with his liberty. His joy
I had reason to believe they had reflected on was too great for utterance,--and nature be-
the object of their association, and that as they | ing over-powered, he sunk senseless on the
evinced considerable independence, their opera- || ground.
tions were the result of conviction. They did
He recovered.
not manifest a desire for much speaking--but
Gratitude glistened in his
eye,
while fortitude endeavored to restrain the
when necessary, a clear, dispassionate, unembar-
Erie rassed, exhibition of their views, enabled themed me.
tender passion. He bowed his head, and thank-
to transact their business intelligently, and to
all appearance harmoniously.
He had a wife in Africa. Often did he speak
If a people so circumstanced, can do these of her and as often would the uplifted eye
El things,what might we notexpect were we willing
seem to call heaven to witness the purity of his
to share with them, those advantages, which we
love.
so highly prize for ourselves, and only withhold I gave him money. Take it, said I, it will
ed from them, through prejudice ?- Namely, a carry thee to thy native home.
common participation in all benefils—and an Fixed in astonishment, he gazed upon me.
intercourse, regulated solely on the principle of He endeavored to speak, but could not.
relative merit.
G.
Our correspondent "G” is right. Facts are
It was enough. I was amply paid, and felt a
more exquisite sensation than if the Indies had
all we can rely upon. One of the conductors ! been added to my estate.
TM
THE SLAVE.
A FRAGMENT.
*
*
re
He
1
14


24
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
have proven that they are legally freemen.-
The cry of fire echoed through the house- || We do not perceive any difference in principle:
my daughter was in imminent danger. The
slave, whom I had freed, impelled by gratitude,
-as the law is here, a colored person is arrest-
rushed through the flames-rescued her from ed on the affirmative supposition that he is a
danger-brought her safe to my arms—and dis-slave-different from all other cases in law,
appeared. MONTGOMERY MINSTREL.
April-1831.
be has virtually to prove a negative—by
proving that he a freeman (which is
A FAVORABLE OMEN.
obliged to do, maugre all want of facilities) he
It affords us no small pleasure, truly, to ob- disproves the charge alleged against him. One
serve the justice and liberality of some half doz- || word more: having failed to do this,-or suc.
en Northern Editors, who notice the appearance ceeded in doing it, no matter which,,he is
of the “African Sentinel, and Journal of Liber- | positively put up at sale to defray the expenses
ty.” From what we have seen of this publica- | that are made to accrue from this kind of inves-
tion, we think their commendations evince dis- || tigation; and without the interposition of some
cernment; and they go to confirm our opinion friends of humanity, his doom is interminable
of the editor's merit.
slavery. Thus, a colored man, from a state
We augur, that ere very long, there will be where all are free; not knowing that it is other-
more John G. STEWARTS—and a more gene-
wise elsewhere, leaves his home in pursuit of
ral willingness to appreciate them. Let but the pleasure or business; comes to, or would pass
views held out by the African Education So- through, Washington, the Metropolis of the
ciety, which are noticed in this number, be car-
only true Republic on earth—the civil officer,
ried into extensive, practical operation, and
under the auspices of law, seizes him, and
the wonder that descendants of Africa should throws him into prison; he is advertised, in
order to discover whether he has an owner, or
possess genius and talents will cease. It was once
rather to conform to the letter of the law;-if,
a question can any good thing come out of
in the mean time, he can, in his close confine.
Nazareth ?” It has since been a question, ment, devise and execute some plan by which
whether the New Continent could produce ge- he can establish his claim to liberty-or if no
nius and talent to compare with the old? These,
and scores of others, have long since had affir-
owner appears in a given time--in either case,
law considers him free. If now, he has inoney
mative answers ; and whether a dark skin is an
impediment in the acquisition of respectable have been incurred, he will be permitted to go;
to pay prison fees, and other expenses which
proficiency in knowledge,or attainment of high | if not, he will be sold on account of those ex-
degrees of virtue, is now in successful experi- | penses, and may be bought by a man who is by
ment. A little time may be necessary to re-
profession a dealer in human stock; he sends
move the scepticism of the prejudiced-be it so
him to some southern market,—and thus, he
---nothing should be required of the candid, who, with a prospect of returning in a few
but that conviction, which results from their days, left his cirele of friends,—perhaps a wife
own kpowledge of facts.
and family,—is by them never heard of more.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
This is a plain, unvarnished matter of fact state.
Can it obtain credence? True it is, that in ment, of what may be done here, with, the
the United States Telegraph, besides rewards sanction of law;—it may be, it is a true picture
offered for the apprehension of human beings of one, or more, of the cases just adduced.
charged with no crime but the desire to inhale will only state facts: if others want comments
the pure air of freedom, and procure such com. they must make them.
forts as their own industry will supply ;-be-
des these, there are five notices from the
"OUR JAIL."
keeper of the prison, for the Marshall, of per “There were recently committed to our jail,
sons placed in his safe keeping, for the (sup- as slaves, two colored persons who have
posed) enormity of having desired to enjoy the proved their freedom, but have, for the last
three weeks, been unjustly detained in prison
benefits of their own exertions, and to have
on account of their inability to pay the fees of
come here, from some other place, with such the jailor. That a fellow creature should be
intention! One of the five is so obstinate as to
committed to a loathsome prison on a pretence
refuse telling who is his owner. May be the majority of the citizens of this District; but we
of slavery is deeply regretted by a large
poor fellow is so unfortunate as never to have owe this state of things to the States, by whose
had such a thing; he may always have been representatives the laws under which we live,
are made, and over whom we have no control.
“his own, or God Almighty's negro”—but re-
The remedy is therefore in their hands. But
spectable persons, it is said, have offered to tes-
as these individuals have been detained in defi-
tify that another is free by law-and two others llance of law, we say to their oppressor, LET
We


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
25
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
CANNOT DO FOR OURSELVES.
THEM GO FREE, or we will speak out in a sub as they ought to have done, that they were less
sequent number."-American Spectator. meritorious than others, who'were not under sino-
ilar restraints, and yet did nothing to encourage
We hope that one part of the above will || slavery-many of them would have been found
claim particular attention, and we cannot then || among the doers of good; but contenting them-
doubt, but that it will excite efficient sympathy; selves with the knowledge, that neither they
--namely, that to whatever extent the feelings || ter, they concluded with great truth, but with
nor their society had part or lot in the mat-
the citizens in this District may be outraged equal indifference, that if other societies would
by the operation of existing laws, they have no do as they had done, the evil would be at an
means of remedy within their power. Every end. Such persons have been a dead weight,
retarding the progress of the righteons cause,
thing that can be effected for their relief, must
more than spirited opposition could have done.
be done by Congress, composed of members Truth will always be found, and generally en:-
living more or less remote from the trying braced, where all its advocates and opponents
are alive-it is the sleepers, the dreamers, who
scene-whose eyes not met by sights, and whose would rather say, they see . han be at the trou-
ears not assailed by sounds, familiar to us, may, ble to search aſier it,--who ihrow obscurity and
deadness, around it. But, secondly, the pecu-
and must, take less interest in our concerns,
liarities of the society, and those of others (for
than they would were they identified with us.
others have their peculiarities) who were hear-
Could the citizens of this District, adequately ty friends in the cause, were thought to be in-
represent their situation, there is no question compatible: hence those who could have sym-
but their fellow citizens throughoit the Union, | And; thirdly, those without the pale of the so-
pathised, and co-operated, were kept asunder.
by instructing their members of Congress, di- ciety, who were in character like the supine
rectly, and in-directly through their respective within it, were ready enough to pronounce it a
Legislatures, would do that for us, which we
quaker affair, and no concern of theirs. This is
an error, which stands in abundant need of cor-
rection. What has been said, may do it in part;
as it shows that only a portion of the society
PENNSYLVANIA SENTIMENTS.
of Friends are more than nominal, abolitionists.”
The Lancaster Examiner contains an address,
After assuming, that it was the natural, in-
read to a meeting convened for petitioning herent, love of liberty, which inspired the sages
Congress, relative to slavery in this District, || and heroes of the American Revolution, he adds:
from which we shall make some extracts. It
Say not then, that the advocacy of human
commences with
rights is a quaker concern, or that others have
“Sectarian opinion and party feeling have al-
left those rights for this people to protect. It is
true, the discrepancy between the words of the
ways been adverse to co-operation between men
who, in the absence of them, would have declaration, and the practice of some who sign-
strengthened each other's hands in causes pro-
ed it, is singularly striking. It is true, too, that
motive of the honor and the happiness of human
to fight for political liberty in the battle field,
kind. Such a case is the one before us; slavery is one of those anamalies, which are no where
and withhold personal liberty in the corn field,
in the United States."
to be found but in our own species: nor is it to be
The writer shews how, from a small begin- | accounted for, on any other principle than that
ning, among the Friends or Quakers, it became of ignorance; for surely no man, were he to re-
extended throughout the whole association, un-
flect, could think personal slavery a less evil
than politcal— nor could any virtuous, consis.
til the liberation of their slaves, was an indis-
tent man, practise that on another, which he
pensible condition, for continuance in, or re would resist, if attempted on himself. But, für
ception into, membership. So it is yet. He
want of due reliection, it is done."
then says-
He shews the inefficiency of profession,
“Two errors have grown out of this fact: first, without practice; of the influence of example
because the society of Friends have incorporat- | in the case of men in high station; and names
ed their protest into their constitution of church
government, it has been inferred, that all the some of the "departed great," with a delicacy
communion were convinced of the evil and ac which evinces great respect for their memory:
tive in its ertinction; and secondly, because no while at the same time he concedes, that their
other religious association had done the saine
practice in this matter, was a palpable derelic-
thing, no individuals among them were equally
interested in the abolition of this unjust and
tion of principle. He thus apologizes for them:
cruel practice. These errors have had a mis “These are all incongruities in the buman
chievous tendency in several respects;- first, || character, which nothing can regulate but the
Jukewarm Quakers, by virture of this article in acquisition of just knowledge and the cultiva -
their constitutions, have ranked themselves tion of right feelings. These men were all in
among the opponents of slavery; and in conse- || principle opposed to slavery: they erred in part,
quence of their connection with those whose in detail. They permitted expediency (a word
hearts and heads were engaged in the good which would never have been wanted, if hones-
cause, identified themselves with it, without ||ty had prevailed in the world) to supersede jus-
having ever put hand to it, or exercised their tice; and in palliation of the unrighteous substi-
thoughts and feelings about it—this has been tution, they pleaded necessity. None of these
unreasoned, sectarian admission-often perhaps, | men were Quakers and they were opposed to
but unwilling submission. Had they reflected, || slavery; though it must remain matter of regret


26 GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
*
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
with those wbo respect their memories, that they You know that our right to hold our slaves
suffered an imagined interest, or the influence is a question which we will not permit you to
of a popular usage, to allure them into a mode of | dispute-we will not discuss it with you;-we
reasoning, which they rejected ou all other sub. esteem them our property, and, excepting those
jects;-to beguile them into a practice in dia cases where our compassionate or benevolent
metric opposition with their fundamental prin- | feelings prevent, do with them as with our
ciples.”
other property, make the most of them we can:
la the address, it is again argued, that Quakers Hence, as a matter of pecuniary interest merely,
we should prefer an investiture of our capital
have not been the burthen bearers; for that, in any thing which might be more productive.
Franklin, Rush, Peters, and other names, if, therefore, we could dispose of them on such
well kouwn in the scientific, moral, and religious | terms, and under such arrangements as would
better our situation, we should most certainly
world, have been prominent in asserting uni- | prefer it: for be assured, that, even with habit
versal rights, for near half a century. It is in our favor, there is that in an owner's condi-
stated, that, even in the south, “teachers of tion, which is far from enviable.
religion, generally, go as far in the reprobation stock, could be so disposed as to yield a greater
Northern people tell us, that the same capital
of slavery, as comports with their popularity." abundance of necessaries, conveniences, and
The essayist again adverts to the obstacles even luxuries, than results to us from the pre-
interposed by sectarism and party politics, and 1 sent disposition. It may be so; and I incline
to their opinion froin my own observations on
in anticipation of the good effects which would the state of society, there and here. But, what-
result from a mutual understanding on this ever may be its advantages, we cannot now
realize them. We of the south, like men every
great question, he
says
where, are creatures of habit. Practical in-
“Now if these understood each other, they | dustry is not a part of our habits. Northern
would soon perceive that there is nothing in the people tell us we are sufferers on this account:
way of their hearty co-operation—that their be it so-still it is our habit. We are not merely
opinions, and their feelings, on this great repub, unwilling, but unable, to minister to our own
lican question, are in perfect accordance and wants, with our own hands;-manual labor we
harmony. They would find that they have the
cannot perform. What can then be done for us,
same sense of justice, the same hatred of oppres- || the adults of the present generation, including
sion, and the same sympathy for the oppressed. both masters and slaves? (for il' you consider
They would agree, too, in the means to effect
us destitute of solicitude on their account, you
the end-namely, to contend for the rights of do us injustice.) I answer, nothing. Their
man on the principles set forth in the Declara.
want of intelligence renders them as dependent
tion of Independence, without any curtailment
on us for superintendence, as we are on theni
or compromise; and to pronounce without fear for physical exertion. It may be indeed, that
or favor, that a departure from this broad improvements might be made in the relatioa
ground-under whatever specious name it may
between us, but we cannot be separated: hence
cloak itself-is odious tyranny in disguise. A
union of energy is greately needed, to supply it never been amongst us,—with our present ex-
we are opposed to the abolition of slavery.* Had
all that variety of character necessary to bring perience, we should reject it, if offered to us.
the subject appropriately before the thousands,
This being so, whatever degree of interest we
who are thorough republicans in principle, and
not deficient in correct feeling, but who have may feel in posterity, and to whatever extent
we hold ourselves bound to make arrangements
not had this matter before them-many indeed, || for its benefit-proportionately shall we approve
who have scarcely heard of it. Were these awa-
of your labors, so far as they are directed only
kened (and awakened they would be by such co to devise preventives of its perpetuation.-
operation, and the holy flame of liberty kindled | Though we are not, as I have already said, will.
in every breast, its light, would render this ing, or able, to labor ourselves—and our slaves
moral turpitude visible to every eye; and its
are utterly incapable of providing for their own
heat, consume the last vestiges of tyrandy in wants, and entirely unfit to be left to their own
our beloved country.”
direction;--it does not follow that the circum-
stances around us might not be so changed that
A CORRESPONDENCE.
neither of these would be the case on some fu-
Mr. LUNDY:- I see your paper occasionally, || ture day, not very far distant.
When those
and though resident in a slave holding district, who occupy our place, after we of this genera-
I am entirely favorable to what I conceive to tion are gone, shall discover that moderate la-
be the only reasonable, attainable object you bor promotes health and cheerfulness, and that
can have in view;which is, to prevent, rather there is no degradation in it, they will also
than abolish slavery: If you contemplate more have observed that there are no bonds which
than this, you cannot expect support from those can connect human beings together, and secure
who entertain similar views with myself. For them safety and quiet, in the absence of virtue.
the purpose of throwing before you some sug- This will suggest to them, not only the utility,
gestions, I will assume that this is all you aim | but the necessity, of elevating the intellectual
at;--taking this assumption for granted, I be- and moral character of the colored race. What-
Jieve you are not understood, by slaveholders
in general.
*You will understand me to mean the virtu-
ous, reflecting part of southern community.-
*This is very moderate, indeed. If more We have among us, as there are every where,
could not be said on the part of those alluded men who pursue what they conceive to be their
to, (which, however, we are assured, cản, in interest, regardless of other consequences--and
many cases,) we should have thought it would enthusiasts who would absorb every thing in
spare their feelings to omit this.--EDIT. their hobby philanthropy.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL LMASCIPATIOX.
27
Fiat Justitia Ruat Calum.
?
a
excuse us.
ever disposition may be made of them in that | mamer-observation proves that it does do so.
day, they will be prepared for it.
We would query, however, whether it is not al.
And though, as I have also said, we are not
disposed to forego or rights of property in this ways at the expense of an impaired sense of ri.
people, seeing we raised them at our own cost, || gid justice?
or bought them with our own money-yet we We are acquainted with the facts by whichi
are, I trust, not sufficiently inconsistent to
claim as ours, that which does not exist: You the northern people would explain their advan-
would, therefore, probably find more to unite | tages over those of the south; and they are ad-
with you, and certainly, a much smaller num mitted by us, as of full force ;-we also know
ber to oppose you, if your object embraced
of the mutual dependence between the two
nothing further than the assignment of some
suitable period, after which no slave should be conditions in the south. We do not blare ein
born; or, rather, if, according to my assump- || ther of the classes with it. But we feel an anxie-
tion, not the abolition, but the prevention of
slavery, be your aim, I cannot but think your ty, amounting to various degrees of impatience,
cause would be promoted by having it distinct that the better sort of those who have the pow-
ly understood.
er, do not act in concert, for the contrivance
Having thus prennised, I leave you to make
and adoption of measures to relieve both classes
your own decision.
froin suffering which must ever be endured.
while two such conditions exist together; and
The writer of the foregoing letter has ex-
for the procurement of enjoy nients which can
pressed no wish respecting the disposition to be
never be attained in society, only in proportion
made of it;--and, as it will afford us an oppor-
as it approximates to that equality of advanta-
tunity of exhibiting our views, by way of com-
ges for which men are evidently fitted, and must
ment, in a condensed and explicit manner, we
have been intended.
have taken the liberty of inserting it, suppress-
Should this number meet the eye of our
ing only that part which would lead to
knowledge of the writer. We think he will correspondent, (which we design it shall,) he
will perceive, in the extracts fro:n the A. E.
In the first place, then, though we will not Society, and the accompanying remarks, that
intrude any discussion upon him, at this time,
we have great expectations from the elevation
of character that must result from right instruc-
respecting the rights of property in human be-
tions—it is, indeed, every thing, in our estiina-
ings, feeling, in ourselves, extreme repugnance || tion. It need not, therefore, surprise our cor-
to such discussions—yet we must be permitted
to deny, in toto, the existence of any such respondent, or readers, that we think, it one
generation of human beings, including all
rights. We know that the laws of our country || grades and colors, were to be rightly educated,
give a power to one human being to exercise taught just knowledge, and habituated to good
uuliinited control ayer another. We must,
feeling—that generation would rid itself of
without a change of sentiment, which it is im-
slavery, without opposition, and almost without
possible to anticipate, continue to assert, that
an exertion—it would naturally cease, as do all
this is an entire dereliction from Moral and Re-
effects, with the operation of their causes.
publican Principle; though, as we have repeat-
In conclusion, we ask nothing more, we de-
edly said, we are far from considering all who | sire nothing more, than, in our correspondent's
avail themselves of it equally reprehensible.
own words, "the assigninent of a suitable peri-
We know not how to be more explicit, than by
saying that our censures are applicable to the ad' od, after which no slave shall be born." On
the day that this good deterinination shall be
vocates of slavery, rather than the staveholder.
formed by our fellow citizens, we may cease
Now, though our correspondent has not in-
from our humble, though laborious exertions."
formed us whether he is of the latter class, we
think it is a plain inference, that he belongs not
Readers will have their own opinions, and
to the former : there is, therefore, less at issue feelings when they read the following from
between us than might at first be supposed;-
the “Eclectic Observer.”
and although he candidly confesses, that, as a The Compiler of yesterday, contains the fol.
pecuniary affair, they would turn their slaves
Jowing advertisement:
“A negro girl for sale, 16 years old.-En-
to the most profitable account, yet we would not | quire of 'H' at this office."
rely much on the benevolent, compassionate We are always disposed to condemn the prac-
feeling he hints at, not merely in his case, but tice of advertising slaves in any case; but we
must certainly censure, in the severest manner,
in a great majority of those who hold slaves.- | the principle that could induce an editor, for
We are in the habit of attributing to virtuous | the consideration of one dollar only, to make
slaveholders, the praise worthy qualities of oth- | hinself the tool of some one willing to indulge
in the abominable traffic of souls, and yet asham-
er men ; indeed their situation is calculated to
ed of the disyrace. Did the editors of the Com-
timulate to interesting feeling in an especial || piler ever think of this :


28
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
PRINCIPALLY CONDUCTED BY A LADY.
6
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
ing the applications of that name, to excuse her
own indolence. We consider it far more un-
Philanthropic and Literary.
becoming to her character to behold the suffer-
ings of her fellow creatures, with an unmoved
brow, and without an effort to alleviate them,
FEMALE ESERTIONS.
than to press forward, as far into the political
The argument that slavery, as a political con- portion of the subject as she possibly can, in ad-
cern, should belong solely to men, in discussion, vocating the cause of emancipation. She can-
and the measures to be taken for its suppression, not, at least in this question, go far beyond the
futile as it is, may, perhaps, be sufficient, when || barrier which the customs of society have
combined with the suggestions of selfishness placed as a limit to her interference. But she ,
and indolence, to lull again into apathy the
can fall far short of her duty to her Creator and
minds of some, over whom conviction had so
her fellow creatures, by neglecting to preserve
far done its proper work, as to arouse them into | uncontaminate the moral atınosphere by which
reflection and inquiry. Those who desire to be || she is surrounded, or not endeavoring to res-
convinced will readily seize on any argument | tore it to purity, when it has become corrupted
which accords with their wishes, and which | by the breath of man's evil passions. Was she
they may use in defence of a course of conduct | endowed with her keen sensativeness to human
that appears to others, as well as to their own wretchedness, only that it might prey upon her
consciousness of doubtful rectitude. This, how- heart, without leading her to minister to the
ever, is not capable of being made a rea-
sorrows with which she sympathizes? If it
sonable objection. The completion of the || would be improper for her to mingle in the
glorious act of abolition must, indeed, be turmoil of public life, it would be also unnatu-
a political or legislative measure; and that por- l ral for her to see her sister plunged into a gulf
tion of the good work, woman will very freely of darkness and misery, and not spring forward
She
resign into the hands of her brethren.
to her succour—to hear with unmelting heart
seeks only to be exempted from partaking in the cries of suffering infancy, and to listen with
the guilt of slavery, to awaken in others the a stcadfast cheek and lip, to the screams and
same feelings that agitate her own heart, and to prayers of her tortured fellow creature, writh-
diffuse, throughout the community, a know- ling beneath a system of inhuman tyranny, be-
ledge and a detestation of the miserable sys cause these things are sanctioned by the unright-
tem which has been so long fostered in the ho- | cous statutes of her country. Such conduct as
som of their country. If one of the southern | this would, indeed, be unwomanly, and though
planters was in possession of a slave whom he many of our countrywomen have been, for a
had longcruelly punished with heavy fetters, till time misled, by misrepresentation, habit and
flesh and skin had grown around them, so as prejudice, into a toleration of the enormities of
to render them extremely difficult to loosen, slavery, or a carelessness respecting it, we be-
and his wiſe, or mother, or daughter, or sister, | lieve the time will come when they will join,
unable longer to endure the sight of so much as with one voice, in protesting against it, and
misery, should, by the importunity of entreaty, || in pleading for the emancipation of its victims.
prevail upon him to release the wretched being,
DISGRACEFUL
would she be acting an unfeminine part, be-
After having declared that active exertion
cause the assistance of a smith might be re-
in the cause of Abolition does not involve wo-
quired to unfasten the long worn badges of op-
man in any course of conduct unsuited to the
pression? Yet the business of a smith is entire-delicacy of her character, we will briefly men-
ly masculine ! and the fear of acting improper. tion some prevailing usages, which, though they
ly would be just as well grounded in this in-
seem to have been partly mentioned by those to
stance as it is with regard to the system of sla whom the abovementioned objection appears in
very. The two cases are exactly similar, ex-
its most alarming colors, appear to us much
cept that the one relates only to individuals,
more disgraceful to the character of the sex. If
and the other to millions of our fellow crea-
woman is in danger of stepping beyond her
tures, oppressors and oppressed.
proper sphere, when she rushes forward to sus-
We do not consider that an interference in tain the head of her sister, and to moisten her
state affairs is calculated to render woman ei. | lips with the cool waters of consolation and
ther better or happier; therefore we should be || sympathy, how much more does she abandon
the last to urge her to adopt such a course of the proper attributes of her nature when she
conduct. But neither would we behold her, becomes a cruel and mercenary tyrant, assumes
weakly renouncing undoubted privileges and the claim of ownership over her brethren and
duty from the mere terror of a name, or wrest. " sisters, and the right to task, to scourge, and to


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
sell them, at her pleasure---when she tears the faced by the weight of his intolerable bondage,
infant from the arms of its mother, (perhaps and himself converted into a mere chattel, an
even while her own babes are standing by her article of pecuuiary traffic. They know that
side,) and gives it into the hands of a stranger, their own sex is exempt from neither the tyrau-
for a recompense of gold? How infinitely | ny nor the servitude. The name of woman
more unwomanly does it appear for a female to which, among christian men (for what is there
insert her name in the public prints, as an in- i like our religion to refine and elevate human
tended buyer or seller of human beings, sympathies?) should be a talismanic shield of
than to attach her signature to the constitution protection from contempt and injury, is power-
of a society which has for its sole object the less as an unmeaning sound to rescue the female
promotion of their happiness and welfare, and slave from the depth of her degradation and
a desire to escape from a participation in the misery, or to save her heart from one pang of
guilt of their bondage! Is it less suited to the hopeless bereavement. They know that the
woman's retreating gentleness and delicacy of strong appeal of maternal azony, shrieked forth
character, to exert herself to remove the polu amid burning tears, is vain to restore to her lov-
tion of criine from the bosom of her family, and ing arms, the young boy whom ruffian violence
of her country than to be driven out by the has sundered from them forever. They know
horsewhip to incessant toil in the open fields that those who grew up, beside one hearth-
not to provide a sustenance, in her widowhood, stone, into blooming youth, are scattered reck-
for her helpless family, but to minister to the lessly abroad, to forget all the holy ties of love
grasping luxury of a heartless tyrant, who and relationship, while the mother who watch-
claims her bones and sinews as a portion of his ed with fond yearnings over their early years,
lawful wealth. It matters not to us how wide- sinks to her solitary grave without one eye to
ly the two classes may be separated from each drop a tear of fillial affection upon her dying
other-we care not for the factitious distinc- forehead-all this they know, and yet are satis-
tions of society-those who oppress, those who fied, day after day, to revel on in their own
suffer, and those who neglect to relieve their dreams of happiness, without bestowing, at
sufferings, are alike our country-women, and best, more than a momentary thought of com-
whatever may be the rank in society of the passion on those whose fate is so widely ditler-
two former classes, the latter must necessarily ent from their own. Would it could it be
participate in the shame of the one, and the thus, if they would search narrowly into their
guilt of oppressing the other.
hearts, and listen earnerily for the still prompt-
ings of conscience, with the resolution to abide
SELF EXAMINATION.
steadily by its dictates? If they would reficci,
We have frequently expressed the opinion that those who suffer such foul wrong, are their
that the indifference manifested by so many of || brethren and sisters, not only by the link of one
our sex towards the advancement of the cause
common nature, but children of the same land,
of abolition, is less the result of an unfeeling | united by the bonds of national fraternity, both
temper, than the want of a proper examination with their oppressors, and they who are part-
into the subject of slavery, and of their own
ners with him in the benefit of his injustice?
duty and ability to aid in its extinction.
Oh if they would, even if it were only for a
The early acquired knowledge of its existence | few moments, sit seriously down to meditate
has rendered the idea so familiar to their minds, on these things, with the book of the Christian
that it is associated with none of the images of Laws spread open before them, or their hearts
horror and indignation by which it would oth- I turned inward to seek for the guidance of Di-
erwise be accompanied. They have become in- vine light, surely they would feel that the slave
fected with the carelessness of those around
was indeed their brother, and that it was fsweet,
them, and if the voice of natural compassion, | for his heavenly father's sake, to love even him,
roused by some tiagrant instance of oppression and to strive to rescue him from the depth of
should waken their slumbering consciences his debasement.
to the suspicion that they are not altogether
guiltless of their brother's bonds, the indiffer-
AssociATIONS.
ence and apathy of their friends, scarcely less How often are we mortified in contrasting
fatal in its effects than open opposition, soon the active and zealous philanthropy of the la-
withers the transient sympathy, and they sink | dies of Great Britain, with the supineness of
back into their idle repose, satisfied, because our own white country women. The one en-
others are so, that the slave should wear away ter upon their task of benevolence, with a lof-
his life in mental darkness and physical wretch-ty and enthusiastic devotion to its interests, that
edaess--his iminortal nature crushed and de- | kindles in the hearts af all around them, a por-


30
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
1
E
.
1
1
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
tion of their own spirit, while the others come for- | sex,be prevailed upon to lend their influence,and
ward slowly and unwillingly upon the scene of the talents which God has given them, to the ad-
labor,and suffer their attentions to be drawn aside vancement of this cause? They cannot find a
by any chimera that attracts their fancy. Now more noble and important theme, or a field
let us entreat them to consider the advantages where their labors will be more richly reward-
that may result from associations among them. ed to them, by consciousness of well doing.–
selves, to promote the cause of emancipation, Will they not liſt up their voices to arouse their
and of the duty that renders it incumbent upon country-women, to the appalling conviction
them to do so. That their exertions can effect that a million of their number are sunk down
much, has been fully proved, and loiterers as by barbarous oppression into a state of the low-
they are, we believe the time will come when est degradation, ignorance, and wretched-
a generous emotion of sympathy, will warm al ness? Will not “Nora" and "Estella" endeav-
most every bosom, and almost every hand be
or to touch the heart by the harrowing tale of
pledged to active exertion in this good work. Now real suffering, rather than the plaintive notes of
we will not insult them, by affecting to believe pensive tenderness? Our sisters of Baltimore,
that they do not now generally wish for the ex-
too-have they sunk back into the sleep of le-
tinction of slavery,but why will they so long de-thargy, from which they were once half
lay to put those wishes in!o action? Their
awakened? Do they of North Carolina, again
brethren call upon them for their assistance in slumber? and have Ohio and Indiana, forgotten
purifying their native land from the dark stain the high spirit that was kindling in their bosoms ?
of ignominy and guilt, that defaces her; their We call upon them all to awaken !--to look at
sisters are daily perishing amid the unmittiga- the spectacle that is before them! We point
ted borrors of their lot, with the darkness of them to their insulted sex—to their sisters, sold
their dying hours, relieved by no hope of bet-at public auction ; driven out with the horse-
ter days for the young beings who inherit their whip to the labors of the field; scourged--fet-
lot of chains and bitterness-soul after soul, || tered—and almost denied even the privilege of
emancipated by death from its double fetters, worshipping their Creator! and this, we reite-
springs up to give in the tale of its earthly rate is slavery ! this is the slavery of the United
wrongs before the throne of the Most High ;– States! this is the slavery for which they are all in
and yet, with infatuated tardiness they still idle their measure accountable at the Bar of Heaven!
away the passing moments unimproved, regard-
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
less that those sufferings, and those wrongs are
fostered and perpetuated by their inhumanity. || The sun hath set in glory-and a told
Let them not tell us of the other evils that of burnished purple lies upon the sky,
claim their attention and benevolence-of the || Yet thrilling vividly around tħe heart.
Like the rich thought of some just parted joy
poverty and the ignorance and the wretchedness, The year's first sunset;— tis most beautiful!
which they behold every where around them;— Would it might be an augury of good
there is no evil existing in our land that can be To the fair land it shines on. But, alas!
What may we hope of blessing for the head
compared with the system of slavery-it com- of unrepenting guilt;-or, for the hand
bines every grade of misery and darkness, and -Red with the stain of murder, full of wrong
they are called upon by every thing that is dear, | And foul oppression-shamelessly stretched out
To scatter to the winds the solemn oaths
and holy to them as women and christians, to
of broken treaty bands. The red man looks
unite their efforts and their influence in eradi- || Across his fathers lands, and thinks how once
cating it from our land. Unity and co-opera- They fed the white browed stranger, when he
tion will give strength to their hands, firmness | With his weak hand to their low forrest hut,
to their purposes, and render their labors more
And they could well have crushed him. Now
interesting to themselves, as well as more use he seeks
ful to the cause of abolition. There must cer-
From the poor wasted remnant of their sons,
To rend their last few acres,-Sacred spots
tainly be a very great fault existent in the edu-
Where the dead lie unsepulcred!--and drive
cation of females, when they prefer assem The newly blestones from their scarce found joys
bling themselves together for the gratification of home and social love to be again
Sad houseless wanderous!
of display and vanity, or the uneasy excite-
Years go circling by
ment of fashion and gaity, rather than for the With all their rolling suns and changing scenes,
noble purpose of alleviating the condition of! In regular progression, and the slave
helpless wretchedness. Will not the patriotic That brings him no reward. Another year!---
Still bends his aching forehead to the toil
women of New England come forward and
And still the christian loads his brother's neck
engage in this work of mercy? Will not Mrs. With the vile weight of fetters--tasks his arm
Ligourney, the friend of theGreek and the Indian
And goads his sinews to their daily toil,
With the keen lash, or, in the market place,
---od Mrs. Child, the spirited monitor of her ll Bids bim be numbered with the brute and sold!
!
TAVILIGHT THOUGHTS.
came


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
31
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
ti
12.
Love
H. F. G.
der
ok
al
Another year! and shall that too go by
That he my portion may allot, and hold
And find his wrongs uncared for? Shall he still In bondage still the trembling, helpless slave?
Groan 'neath his lot till life at last goes out,
Or will that dearer ransom, paid for all,
And win no sympathy? Oh ye who love
A Saviour's blood, impress me with the seal
Your maker's image, even in the Slave,
Of everlasting freedom from my thrall-
Shake from your hearts all thoughts of selfishness,
And wash nie white-and this crush'd spirit
And with tears, prayers,and every energy,
heal?
Stretched to its firmest purpose, in his cause,
Cease not to plead, to struggle, to persuade, Then, will I meekly bear these lingering pains,
'Till ye have won him back his longſlost rights, And suffer scorn, and be by, man opprest,
Or your own hearts are slumbering in death. If at the grave I may put off my chains,
AGNES. And thou wilt take me where the weary rest.
Newburyport.
The Olio.
From the Liberator:
THE CHILD'S EVENING HYMN.
It is not worth while to be mincing and nice,
or ambiguous in our expression. We never do Father, while the day-light dies,
justice to a human being until we acknowledge Hear our grateful voices rise:
his equal rights, and FEEL that the acknowl. For the blessings that we share,
edgement means what it says. To repeat that For thy kindness and thy care,
“of one flesh, God made all the nations of the For the joy that fills our breast,
earth,” is easily done, and the assertion is intrin For the love that makes us hlest,
sically true—but it does not ensure practical
We thank thee, Father.
results. If God be no respector of persons—if he
encourages the approaches to his altar of the
For an earthly father's arm,
ebon son of Africa, upon equal terms with
Shielding us from wrong and harm;
For a motler's watchful cares,
his white children, and they refuse a full, and
Mingled with her inany prayers;
equal participation in the facilities for thus ap-
proaching, we scarcely need wonder that they
For the happy kindred band,
excuse themselves for taking rights which they
Midst whose peaceful links we stand,
We bless thee, Father.
profess to esteem, comparatively, of little value.
But there is no end of the contradictions, ab Yet, while ’neath the evening skies,
surdities, and cruelties involved in, and emana Thus we bid our thanks arise,
ting from, the prejudice of color-it is, of all Father! still we think of those,
prejudices, the most unreasoned. We heard a Who are bow'd with many woes;
respectable colored man advance this sentiment Whom no earthly parents' arm
in the audience of hundreds; he said the slight Can protect from wrong and harm;
est consideration would establish in any mind
The poor slaves, Father.
by intuition, that there could not possibly be
inerit or demerit in the different shades--as no
Ah! while we are richly blest,
one had any agency in producing,or even choos-
They are wretched and distrest !
ing, his own-he hence arrived at the unavoid-
Outcasts in there native land,
able conclusion, that those who permitted this
Crush'd beneath oppression's hand,
prejudice to influence their actions, had a con-
Scarcely knowing even thee,
troversy--not with man--but with-GOD AL Mighty Lord of earth and sea !
MIGHTY.-G. U.E.
Oh, save them, Father!
From the Liberatos.
Tonch the finty hearts, that long
THE BLACK AT CHURCH.
Have remorseless done them wrong;
God, is thy throne accessible to me--
Ope the eyes, that long have been
Me, of the Ethiop skin? may I draw near
Blind to every guilty scene;
That the slave-a slave no more--
Thy sacred shrine, and humbly bend the knee
While thy white worshippers are kneeling
Grateful thanks to thee may pour,
here?
And bless thee, Father!
May I approach celestial purity,
And not ofiend thee with my sable face? When two human beings meet together, of
This company of saints, so fair to see,
what cousequence is the color of their skins 10
Behold! already, shrink from the disgrace! their mutual pleasure and satisfaction in conver-
sation? If their minds be congenial, can the
And in thine earthly courts I'll gladly bow
Behind my fellow-worms, and be denied
pleasure of conversing with each other be eith-
er increased or diminished by the fact that one
Communion with them, will my Lord allow
is black and the other white or yellow? The
That I may come and touch his bleeding side. i conversation of TOUSSAINT LOUVERTURE,
In that blest fount have I an equal claim
was that of a gentleman and a philosopher, al-
To bathe, with all who wear the stain of sin? though his skin was as black as jet: And where
Or, is salvation by another name
was the white man, in the days of ToussaINT,
Than thine? or, must the Ethiop change his
of liberal and unbiassed inind, who could not
skin?
listen with delight to his conversation? He
moved in no circle that did not reap instruction
Thou art our Maker--and I fain would know
from his lips. He possesed genius, science, and
If thou hast different seats prepared above, eloquence; and there are thousands of his color
To which the master and the servant go
who would display as much of these as he did,
To sing the praise of thine eternal love.
if not depressed by the galling yoke of slavery,
There, will my buyer urge the price of gold
the misfortune of ignorance, or the equally
Which here, for this unconely clay, he gave, malign force of pride and prejudice on the part
of the whites.--Ifrican Sentinel.
E. M. C.
i
e
10


32
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
OF THE
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
No bye-paths lead further from the right || money of the United States.
road, than soine of those which, at the beginning, All letters and communications, intended for
appear to lie almost parallel with it.—Dillwyn. this office, must be addressed (free of expense)
10 BENJAMIN LUNDY, Washington, D. C.
A PREMIUM FOR RICE.
May, 1831.
The sum of TWENTY DOLLARS will be
AUTHORIZED AGENTS.
given as a premium, over and above the market
Amos Gilbert-Washington, D. C. ( Office at
price, for Five Casks of Fresh Rice, of a good Cor. E.and 9th-sts, near the Post-Office.)
quality, raised by Free Lavor, and deliverd in William. R. Jones-No. 18, Market-street,
Philadelpbia, to CHARLES PEIRÇE, before the Baltimore, Maryland.
Ist of September next. (1831.)
Abner M. Plummer-Newmarket, do.
The gentleman, above named, is well known Samuel Brown, Winchester, Virginia.
as a very respectable Grocer, in Philadelphia, Johnathan Taylor, Jr.-Purcell's Store, do.
who has for several years past, made it a particu Rich'd Mendenhall-Jamestown, N.C.
lar business to keep articles in his line that are Thos. Moore, P. M.-Newgarden, do.
exclusively the production of free labour.
Thos. Lundy-Huntsville, Surry Co. do.
The preinium, together with the market price, M. Long, P. M.-Long's Mills, do.
will be promptly paid, on the delivery of the J. Newlin,
P. M - Lindley's Store, do.
Rice, accompanied by proper reference and vou B. Swaim, Esq.-New-Salem, do.
chers from some respectable person who is known Rev. H. M'Millan- Chesterville, s. C.
in Philadelphia.
Samuel Holliman— Wrightsboro', Ga.
Thos. Doan-Newmarket, Jeff. Co. Tenn. ,
PROSPECTUS
Jas. Jones, P.M.- Unitia, Blount Co. do.
Elijah Embree, P. M.-Pactolus, do.
William Bryant-Nashville, do.
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
William Mack-- Columbia, do.
VOL. XII.
James Askins--Fayetteville, do.
The object and character of this work are Rev. Jesse Haile-Springfield, Nlinois,
* well known. It has been published nearly ten Rev.John F.Crow, P. M.-Hanover, la.
years, and circulates in all the States of this Smith & Bulla- Centreville, do.
Union,in Canada, the West Indies, Europe,and Rev. M. Jamieson-Mountsterling, Ky;
Africa. It is exclusively devoted to the subject Joseph Lormer--Mount- Washington, do.
of the Abolition of slavery, on the American Joseph B. Chapman-- Waynesville, Ohio.
Continent and Islands.
Dr. Joseph Stanton-- Springborough, do.
Within a few years, the proprietor has trav William Lewis--Harrisville, do.
elled much. and had to depend somewhat upon A. Baer, Jr.-- Osnaburg, Stark Co. Do.
the assistance of others to conduct the work. William P. Richards--- Wilmington, Del.
He pledges himself, however, that the publica Joseph Sharpless,-—No. 22, N. 4th street,
tion shall not cease, but with the cessation of Philadelphia, Penn.
his natural life, provided, the public patronage, Joseph Cassey-No. S. 4th street, do. do.
or the labor of his own hands, will furnish the Dr. E. Michener-Londongrove, do.
means of issuing a single sheet per annum. Dr. B. Fussell-Kennett Square, do.
He further pledges himself, that the great fun Joel Wierman--York Springs, Adams Co.do.
damental principles, hitherto advocated in this Lindley Coates-Gap P, 0. Lan. Co. do.
work, shall be steadily maintained. The course Jehu Lewis-Bethlehem, Wash. Co. do.
to be pursued,hereafter, will not materially vary Richard Lundy-Mountholly, N.J.
from that which he marked out in the beginning. Benjamin Acton-Salem, do".
The corrupt sources of the horrible evil of James Willson, Jr.-Alamouchy P. 0. Sus.
slavery sball be traced; this fatal gangrene up sex County, do.
on the body politic shall be probed; and the Mahlon Day-N0.376 Pearl-st. N. Y. Crty.
healing balsain will be applied when the putrid John Lockwood-Poughkeepsie, M. Y.
mass is removed. Every possible investigation James Adams--Albany, do.
will be made as to the state of the slave-system, Charles Marriott-Hudson, do.
and what is doing relative to its perpetuation or Abijah Purinton—Troy, do.
abolition, particularly, in the various parts of Thomas Shotwell-Marengo, do.
the United States and the West Indies. Every John I. Wells & Son— Hartford, Conn.
exertion will also be made to show what can be R. T. Robinson--Ferrisburg, Vt.
done, with propriety and safety, towards eradi William Lloyd Garrison-Boston, Mass.
cating this enormous and increasing vevil from Samuel Rodman, Jr.-New-Bedford. do.
the American soil.
Rev. N. Paul-London C. H. Upper Canada.
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION
James Cropper-Liverpool, England.
The work will, henceforth, be issued month-
William B. Bowler-Port au Prince, Hayti.
ly. It will be neatly printed, on fine paper,
John B. Salgues-Aux Cayes, do.
and folded in the octavo form, each number
Jacob W. Prout-Monrovia, Africa.
making sixteen large pages.
The price of subscription will be One Dollar
per anuum, always to be paid in advauče. The postage of the Genius of Universal Eman-
Subscribers who do not particulary specify cipation is now the same as that of weekly
the time they wish to receive the work, or no newspapers. One cent and a half, for each pa-
tify the Editor of a desire to discontinue it be- per, is the highest that can be legally charged
fore the expiration of each current year, will be within the United States. If the distance be
considered as engaged for the next succeeding | less than one hundred miles, but one cent
one, and their bills will be forwafded accor can be demanded. 6 Post-masters will please
dingly.
attend to this notice. The Post-Office in
Agents will be entitled to six copies for every Washington forwards the paper under this regu-
witve dollars remitted to the Editor, in currentlldation.
POSTAGE.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
EDITED BY B. LUNDY-PUBLISHED IN WASHINGTON AND BALTIMORE-$1.00 PER ANN.
“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, and endowed by their Creator with certain
inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." --Declaration Independence, U.S.
71
No. 3. VOL. II. THIRD SERIES.
JULY, 1.831.
[WHOLE NUMBER 267. VOL. XII.
1
ANOTHER CHANGE!
and raiment,” por to pay for materials and la-
The patrons of the Genius of Universal | bor in the prosecution of his business! The
Emancipation will recollect it was announced, | amount due this establishment is now large, and
at the commencement of the present volume, much wanted; but it is mortifying in the ex-
that a gentleman had engaged to assist in con-
treme to be under the necessity of thus public-
ducting it, for the space of a few months, while || ly adverting to the subject. To those who will
the editor expected to be from home. After a reflect, for a moment, surely the hint should
Prief trial, he concluded that he could not re- be sufficient. IG Current Bank paper, in any
'concile himself to the state of things at Wash - || part of the Union, may be forwarded, by mail,
ington, and has since retired from the editorial at the risk of the editor-the postage being paid.
management of the work.
Several fruitless efforts having been hereto-
(THE FOURTH OF JULY."
fore made to procure the requisite assistance,
as aforesaid, the editor now takes upon him-
The Fifty-fifth Anniversary!-and here we
self
, again, the whole responsibility of the pub-are, as deeply sunken in hypocrisy and crime
lication. The Ladies' department, however,
as ever!!
What will the neighboring nations,
will still be principally under the direction of
what will posterity think of us? What, indeed,
the amiable and powerful female writer, whose shall we think of ourselves, when we reflect, for
charming literary effusions and cogent argu:
a moment ?
ments have hitherto given it so much interest;
Fifty-five times, we have vaingloriously
among readers of every class and denomination. paraded before the world, with our ostentatious
It has long been the ardent desire of the ed-display of liberal and virtuous professions-
itor to devote a portion of his time to other taunting foreign nations for their despotic regu-
matters, connected with the great and impor-| lations, while we were, ourselves, far more des-
tant subject of African Emancipation:—but he potic than many of them-indulging in bachan-
regrets—exceedingly regrets-to find, that no alian carousals, and chanting pæns to “LIBER.
other man can occupy the editorial desk of Ty,” while we bold, with iron gripe, a large
such an establishment, for any considerable portion of our fellow men in the most out-
length of time, in the Southern portion of our || rageous,
unredeemable BONDAGE
country. Is this a libel upon their courage, or
known on earth !!!
Y their philanthropy? Let them PROVE it! ONE
But we will not dwell upon this scandalous,
there is however who will laboř ucceasingly in criminal topic. In the language of the great
the sacred cause, alone or otherwise, with what ef- modern Irish patriot, Daniel O'Connell, we say
fect he may, though persecution, with fiery eye, of the American, who unblushingly advocates
shall stalk on the one hand, and apathy, with the horrible system of African slavery--nay,
chilling scowl, sit frowning on the other.---Fidus even him who boasts of our freedom and equal-
et Audar.
ity, without raising his voice against this abo-
minable practice: “Before God and Man, we
PATRONAGE OF THIS WORK, &c. arraigo him as a hypocrite.” With the light of
It is cheering to perceive that, in many parts the present age--with the knowledge (perfectly
of the Union, an increasing disposition is mapi- within his reach) of the means by which this
fested to aid in circulating this work, among the monstrous system of oppression may be annihi-
friends of our cause. About two hundred and lated, without danger or inconvenience-if he
fifty new subscriptions have been received tolerates, or even neglects to use his influence
within little more than two months. Yet it is, to eradicate it,-in the view of Heaven and
on the other hand, extremely discouraging to Earth, “he is without excuse." He will be
reflect, that a large number of former subscrib without excuse, in the estimation of the wise
ers, who continue to receive the paper, fail to
and the virtuous, now and forever. Are we
pay up the respective sums due from them.-- "severe”? Nothing else than severity and
It would seem that they have no idea that a plain dealing will rouse our countrymen from
printer requires wherewithal te purahase "food | the stupor of lifeless apathy into which the great
ever
1
0
ber
$
1
+


34
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Colum.
18
DI
mass of them have have fallen.
taking; and it is stated that other white persons
We conclude, with copying the following will contribute further towards raising the ne-
solemn poetic strain from the “Liberator."— cessary sum. Twenty thousand dollars, it is
Let it be deeply pondered by every American. l supposed, will be sufficient.
It was written by the enlightened editor of that This. Convention is intended to be annuala
work, for this particular occasion.
and its influence upon the destinies of the col-
“Haul down your country's banner--let its ored inhabitants of the United States will, doubt-
folds
less, be of an interesting character. The pro-
Be gathered in, nor float upon the breeze! ceedings of its late session, it is expected, will
Our eagle must not soar aloft to day,
soon appear in pamphlet form.
But close his powerful wings, and stoop his
crest!
Ye “red artillery,” your thunders stop!
KIDNAPPING IN THE DISTRICT."
Quench out the thousand fires which wildly We have a tale or two more to tell upon this
blaze
Up to the kindling sky, from field to hill!
infernal subject. Would that some of the vic-
It is not meet that the sweet trumpet's voice tims were white! We should, then, witness
Should rouse our sluggish blood and nerve our the public denunciation, like the resistlesą
hearts,
Forbear, ye vaunting, fine-spun, orators-
Tornado, sweeping before it the slave-prisons
Ye mincing fools, all fustian, noise, and rant and their keepers—the prowling monsters and
To wound our ears with sickening rhapsodies! their heartless retinue-until the land were
Be hushed the general shout-let sadness brood || purged of the abominable pollution. Moro
Over the land, and joy disperse its smiles!
For Liberty lies prostrate in the dust,
deeds of darkness will soon be brought to light.
With hair dishevelled, and with zone unbound; A flagrant outrage is related in the Norfolk
Her cheeks are colorless, save when a blush Herald. A free woman and her two children
Of deepest shame doth o’er them fitful steal;
And the deep brilliance of her large fair eyes
were recently kidnapped by a couple of soul.
Is now extinguished in a flood of grief;
sellers, named MʼKenzie and Currie. They
For here, in this her sanctuary and home, have proceeded southward, with the victims
Hath Slavery boldly raised his iron throne;
of their rapacity. Particulars in our next.
And men, like household goods or servile beasts,
Are bought and sold, kidnapped and pirated;
Branded with red hot irons, scourged with
PETITIONS TO CONGRESS.
whips;
It is with pleasure that we perceive a grow-
Laden with chains that pinch their tender flesh; | ing disposition, among the people of the United
Driven in droves e’en by the capitol;
Imported from afar, then secretly
States, to press upon Congress the importance
Thrown into narrow cells and prisons drear, of abolishing slavery in the District of Colum-
Till bones and sinews in the market rise.
And government looks tamely on the while,
bia. Meetings have been held, and petitions
Nor sheds a tear of generous sympathy, prepared, in various places. In the State of
Nor moves a finger to relieve th’ oppressed ! New Jersey, particularly, many are now ac-
tively engaged in promoting this very laudable
Then haul our striped and starry banner down-
object. Let our As, elsewhere, pursue the
Our cannon freight not-stop the noisy breath
Of heartless Patriotisn–be our praise unsung,
same course, and our ultimate success cannot,
To'day we'll not discourse of British wrong, for a moment, be doubted.
Of valorous feats in arms by freemen bold,
Nor spit on kings, nor tauntingly call names;
But we will fall upon our bended knees,
CANADA COLORED SETTLEMENT.
And weep in bitterness of heart, and pray
It is believed that about two thousand color-
Our God to save us from his threatening wrath; | ed persons, from the United States, have settled
We will no longer multiply our boasts
Of liberty, till all are truly free."
in Canada, since the date of the Ohio Persecut-
tion--more than have gone to Africa in thir-
CONVENTION OF COLORED PEOPLE. teen years!
A second Convention, consisting of delegates The northern colored people are more friend-
from sundry societies of colored people, located || ly to this plan of removal than any yet pro-
in several different states, was lately held in posed. Their sentiments, generally, are pretty
Philadelphia. Their object appears to have fairly expressed in the address of the Conven-
been the adoption of general measures for the tion, published by J. W. Allen, (not the son of
improvement of their condition. Among the Bishop Allen, as erroneously reported,) and
propositions submitted and discussed, the en- copied into this work, for April, last.
couragement of Canadian emigration, and the
establishment of a College at New Haven,
(THE LIBERATOR."
Connecticut, are considered important. Arthur Our friends, Garrison & Knapp, are becom.
Tappan, of New York, liberally offered them ing more and more industrious. They have
mne thousand dollars, in aid of the latter under- Il issued an engraving, with their paper for the
1
*
*


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
35
.
00
E.
TE
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
23d instant, representing the various sections The echo of his gentle accents yet (thoughts
Seems lingering on their ears; and gath'ring
of a Brazilian slave ship; and they have also
Come crowding freshly to their memories,
given us a description of marks and brands, Of all the many times that he hath stood
which adorn the bodies of slaves in that coun-
Beside their bed of sickness, and within
try. Could they not give us similar samples of Their houses, when affliction's hand was lain
Heavily on them, or beside the grave
“our own slave trade” &c. now and then?-We When dust to dust was render’d, and the forms
“dare say” they have witnessed, occasionally, of those they loved laid down beneath the mould
As his was now to be—and his deep voice,
some picturesque scenes, connected therewith.
And earnest prayers, came like gentle dew
William L. Garrison has also published, in Upon their troubled spirits, hushing them
pamphlet form, an address which he recently | Into resigned calmness; he hath bound
Some of them with the holy marriage vow,
S.' delivered before several meetings of colored
And o'er their sinless babes hath shook the dew
people. It is strong and well worded, and of baptism; and on the sabbath day,
she replete with useful advice and information.- He hath stood up and taught them of the things
Some extracts from it are designed for the next Belonging to their peace,' and pour’d for them
The rich, full accents of his ſervent prayer.
number of this work.
Oh, keep his counsels living in your hearts,
Ye, over whom his yearning love gush'd out,
Like a deep springing fountain! Call to mind
AMERICAN NATIONAL ANTI-SLAVERY
The lessons that he taught you, how he strove
SOCIETY.
To elevate your minds, and make you fair
A project is on foot for the organization of a In intellectual lustre, and the light
society, for the abolition of African slavery, with tireless step, along the mounting path
Of moral loveliness; and still press on
upon an enlarged and extensive plan. Men of He pointed out to you, that you may win,
hi wealth and influence are about to engage there- || Like him, a glorious guerdon for your toil,
ofi in. Success to it!
And when the weary day of life is o'er,
A sabbath rest eternally.
THE LATE BISHOP ALLEN.
PRODUCTIONS OF SLAVE LABOR!!!
We have before adverted to the death of this
The readers of the Genius of Universal Eman-
worthy African Minister of the Gospel. The
cipation will recollect that the sixth number of
following Elegy, written for the Genius of
the eleventh volume was accompanied by an
Universal Emancipation, by one of the most
engraving, representing a BROKEN FINGER,
sincere friends of the African race, is a well-
which was found in a cup of coffee, on a cer-
merited tribute to the memory of the virtuous tain morning, in the city of Baltimore.
dead. The demise of this excellent man has
By a late number of the Liberator, .ve are in-
created a void in the society of respectable || formed that a gentleman in Bristol, Connecti-
colored people, within the United States, that cut, recently purchased a hogshead of molasses,
will be sensibly felt and deeply deplored. Who, || in which he found THE BODY OF A CO-
alas ! shall have caught the “mantle” of his | LORED MAN!!!
pious influence, since the departing spirit
The same paper also states that a HUMAN
cwinged its way to the regions of bliss and im- | Head was taken from a hogshead of Molasses,
mortality?
on one of the wharves in the city of Boston, a
ELEGY ON THE DEATH OF RICHARD ALLEN,
few years since !
AFRICAN METHODIST
CHURCH, PHILADELPHIA.
A far stretched train of mourners! Who is it Very few of the French residents have yet
That goeth to the darkness of the tomb,
left the island. The commotion is subsiding.
Wept o’er by such a multitude? Strong men
Bow down their heads in sorrow, or lift up
“OUTRAGE.” [ Which side?]
Their brows to the clear light with a sad air
Of solemn thoughtfulness; and woman's eye
It appears, from a statement in a late New
Is dimmed with gatheriny tears,as with slow step | Jersey paper, that a party of colored people,
She follows the departed. Surely he
supposed to be slaves, from Virginia, were about
Who slumbereth on that bier, hath been beloved; || landing near Cape May; but it being discover-
Surely a good man goeth to the tomb!
And so it is! the breast that lieth there
ed that a boat was in pursuit of them, a party
Unstirred, beneath the foldings of its shroud, was formed on shore, and went to assist in their
Glow'd with the promptings of a noble heart,
apprehension. One of this party, in order to
And in its sable mantle wrapt erewhile,
A spirit beautiful and glorious, [Heaven.
intimidate the blacks, fired a gun; which was
With love towards men, and strivings after returned by a volley from the latter, killing one
Well may they weep for him; for he hath been
man, and piercing the hat of another with a
Their friend, their guide, their pastor, and hath | ball. Finding the slaves were strongly armed,
spent
His manhood in long strivings for their weal.
the pursuers abandoned the chase, and let them
Still are his counsels thrilling round their hearts; ll go on. There were 11 or 12 in number, and
-20
BISHOP
OF
THE
AFFAIRS IN HAYTI.
pre
CN
bar
st


36
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum,
TE
12
***
they bent their course towards New York. thing but habit and a long familiarity with the
This was a melancholy occurrence: but what corrupt system, could reconcile republicans to
its existence. Its toleration, in this country,
right had the party from shore to make reprisals presents so broad a contrast between profession
on the colored people, without legal authority, and practice, that wise and good men behold
or without even a knowledge of their character? | the example with grief and astonishment.
And, further, what can we expect from them When about to enter on the examination of
but violence, when their oppressors shut out
the question of slavery, for the purpose of ex-
the light of knowledge from their minds, teach- | the christian religion, the following questions
hibiting its inconsistency with the precepts of
ing them nothing, save the doctrines of blood-
are naturally suggested:— What is the condition
bought liberty, through the medium of their implied by the word slavery, in this connexion?
What is the nature and character of that sys.
4th of July celebrations, and numberless mili-
tem which we are about to examine?
tary harangues?
“Negro Slavery. What term was ever more
familiar to the public ear, and yet what term is
PRIZE ESSAY.
so little understood? It has been the theme of
The following is the essay to which was many eloquent public speeches, of many parlia-
awarded the premium of Fifty Dollars, offered | mentary debates, and of much controversy, at
some months since, by the Pennsylvania Socie-
different periods, in pamphlets and periodical
prints. Yet, were a mind new to the subject to
ty for promoting the Abolition of Slavery.-- || inquire, what is specifically and practically that
The merit of originating it is due to Ebenezer state of man, about which so much has been
Dole, of Hallowell, Maine; whose natural be-
said and written; what is that slavery which ex-
ists in the United States and the West Indies, I
nevolence, added to his full conviction of the know not in which of the many able argu-
great moral evil of slavery, induced him to ments before the public, an adequate answer
place in the hands of the Treasurer of that In- || would be found.'
stitution the sum aforesaid, to be paid to the language which has been used more indefinitely,
There is, perhaps, no word in the English
writer of the best essay on the following sub or applied more variously, than that of slavery.
ject: “The duty of Ministers and Churches, || It has been applied to civil disabilities, and to
of all denominations, to avoid the stain of Slavery, || all those who are subjects of despotic govern-
mental degradation. The republican considers
and to make the holding of slaves a barrier to
ments, in a state of slavery. The Christian mo-
Communion and Church membership.” Aralist applies the same appellation to the con-
committee of three members was appointed by trolling influence of the passions, to the sub-
jects of pernicious habits and sinful propensities,
the Society, to examine the essays produced; while the historian adopts the same terin to des.
and after deciding upon their merits, the fol- || ignate the kind of servitude that existed among
lowing, written by Evan Lewis, of Philadel the nations of antiquity, which differed as wide-
ly from the slavery to which our attention is
phia, was pronounced the best, and, according-
now directed, as the civil condition of the peo-
ly, entitled to the premium. The Society also || ple of the United States does from that of the
ordered its publication in pamphlet form. The subjects of the Russian empire.
To define it accurately, or to give an ade-
author has long been extensively known as an
quate idea of the precise condition implied by
enlightened and zealous advocate of Universal the word in the present essay, will not be so easy
Emancipation; has done much in his day tow-
as might be supposed. Yet some attempt to
ards promoting the good cause; and his produc- | features, the state of negro slavery in this coun.
portray, in its genuine colours, and distinctive
tion will be read with unusual interest.
try, seems necessary to a right estimate of the
The rule which the editor of this work had
merits of the question to be discussed.
adopted, to exclude long articles from its col-
“Negro slavery, as existing in the United
States and Britishi West Indies, appears to be a
umns, has been deviated from in the present creature sui generis, unknown to the ancients;
Part of this essay was intended for the land, though drawn from the least cultivated
last number, but was omitted in the absence of quarter of the globe, unknown even there, ex-
cept in a passing state.”+ It is a system that
the editor. Its intrinsic value will, however, finds no counterpart in the annals of the most
well repay for the want of variety, occasioned || barbarous nations on earth. In many of its
by its insertion.
features it is more arbitrary, more oppressive,
more cruel and degrading, than the servitude
AN ADDRESS TO CHRISTIANS, OF
found among the ancients. Slavery in the
NOMINATIONS, ON
United States and the West Indies, is the same
OF ADMITTING SLAVE-HOLDERS TO COM in its general features and character; and the
observations that apply to the one, will be in
“He that stealeth a man, and selleth him, or if he be
most, cases, equally applicable to the other.
found in his hand, he shall surely be put to death."-Ex “The leading idea in the negro system of ju.
odus xxi. 16.
risprudence, (in the West Indies,) is that which
"I know that the Lord will maintain the cause of the
afflicted, and the right of the poor.”—Psalms clx. 12.
was first in the minds of those most interested in
its formation; namely, that negroes were pro-
The state of slavery in the United States is perty. They were not regarded as rational or
so totally at variance with the genius of our sentient beings, capable of rights; but as chat-
free institutions, and so repugnant to the spirit
and design of the christian religion, that no-
*Stephen.
fAfrican Observer.
case.
ALL DE-
INCONSISTENCY
THE
MUNION AND CHURCH MEMBERSHIP.


GENIUS OE UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
37
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
3
ti
Nice
1
+
A
-
AM
tels, the civil character of which was absorbed || of giving testimony, even against their mas-
in the dominion of the owner."*
ters. When cruelly treated, they had a right
“Slavery was introduced and established in to prefer their grievances to the civil authori-
the colonies in a manner very different from ties, and the magistrates were bound to hear and
that which is commonly supposed. It was not
redress their wrongs.
there originally derived from, nor is it yet ex-
But the negro slave of the United States is
pressly sanctioned or defined by, any positive | deprived of all these advantages. He has no
laws;—it stands, for the most part, on the authori- rights of his own; they are ali merged in the
*ty of custom alone.
dominion of his master. He is not a competent
“ This custom, though it sprang from the im-
witness against a white person; has no tribunal
aginations of the most illiterate, as well as the to which he can legally resort for justice; no
most worthless of mankind, had two qualities of | asylum to which he may flee from cruelty and
the sublime: it was terrible and it was simple.- || persecution, and find safety. He is, in most
ſts single, but comprehensive idea, was,“that the cases, no better than an outlaw in the midst of
slave is the absolute property of the master;'from a civilized and christian community; deprived
which the Buccaneers, though no expert logi- | by legislative enactments of the advantages of
cians, had clearly deduced the consequence, that intellectual culture; debased and brutalised by
they might treat their negroes, in all respects, a system the most odious and revolting to hu-
as they pleased; for “a man' they naturally ar manity that the world ever beheld; and stig-
gued, 'may do what he will with his own.'» watised as unworthy of the common rights of
The same idea prevails in regard to the negro man, because of the degradation which this
slave of the United States. He is treated in all system must necessarily produce. These, then,
respects as chattles, the property of the master
are some of the features which distinguish the
-subject to seizure and sale for the payment of || servilecondition, known among heathen nations,
his debts- liable to be separated from all that he || from the absolute and hopeless slavery of the
holds dear in life, and sold to a stranger, and African race, in this christian country-this
transported to a distant region, without his con-
land of liberty and equal rights-this asylum
sent. Husbands and wives may be torn asun-
for the oppressed of all nations. It is against
der; parents and children may be separated, at
a system of wrongs the most wanton-of oppres-
the will and caprice of the owner. The strong. | sion the most galling and degrading to human
est ties of nature, and the most endearing asso nature, that the christian minister and christian
ciations of home and of kindred may be severed; societies are called upon to bear their testimony
and for these ahuses of power the slave has no
to the world. What theme can be more suited
legal redress. He is doomed to hopeless and to the functions of a christian minister, than
interminable servitude, and transmits this hu- such a combination of wrongs and injuries, of
miliating condition to his posterity for ever.
cruelty and injustice? What moral pestilence
The servile condition amo!g the ancients was
more deserving the interposing influence of
essentially different in its character from the christian ministers to check its ravages? Let
state of negro slavery. The two conditions
them, like the mitred Israelite, place themselves
have scarcely any thing common, but the name.
between the living and the dead, and stay the
The Helots of Sparta could not be sold beyond
plague.
the bounds of their little state. “They were li has been said, in palliation of negro slavery,
the farmers of the soil at fixed rates which the
that the law of Moses recognised and sanc-
proprietor could not raise without dishonour.---
tioned the practice of holding slaves. Such an
Hence they had the power of acquiring wealth.”I
argument would be more consistent in the
They were the servants of the state, rather than of || mouth of a Jew than a Christian. Are we to
individuals. “At Athens, where the lenient treat-
turn from the precepts and authority of our
ment of slaves was proverbial,the door of freedom
Lord and Master, to the rituals of the Mosaic
was widely open; and those who were unlucky law which he came to fulfil and to abolish?
i enough to meet a cruel master, might fly to the
Shall we leave the dispensation of the gospel,
temple of Theseus, from whence they were not
and go back for authority to that dispensation
taken without an investigation of their com-
which was permitted only till the time of re-
plaints. If the ill treatment was found to be
formation?
real, they were either enfranchised or trans-
But granting, for the sake of argument, the
ferred to merciful hands.”'l! The slaves of the civil provisions of the law of Moses to be obli-
island of Crete exchanged situations with their
gatory upon us, the advocates of negro slavery
masters, once a year, at the feast of Mercury; || would gain nothing by the admission. For we
and cruelty_and injustice were prohibited by
law. The Egyptian slave might fiee to the lel in ancient history. If the comparatively
have already shown that the latter has no paral-
temple of Hercules, and find safety from the
mild system of servitude which existed among
cruelty and persecution of his master. Among the Hebrews and the neighboring nations, kas
the Romans, the authority of the master over
sanctioned by the Jewish lawgiver, does it fol-
the servant was regulated by the same laws as
low that the more cruel and debasing bondage
that of the father over his son, with this differ-
in which the negro race are held in the Uniied
ence in favour of the servant, that if he were
States, would also have been tolerated? The
once manumitted, he ever afterwards remain-
many humane provisions contained in the law
ed free; while the father might sell his son a
in favor of the bond-servant, prove the contrary
second and third time into slavery.
-provisions which, if admitted into our code,
The servile class among the ancients were
would be found incompatible with the present
often superior in intellectual attainments to
system. That of Deuteronomy, xxiii. 15 and
their masters. They were not restraned, by || 16, would alone be sufficient to put an end to
law or usage, from the acquisition of knowledge; || slavery in this country, and proves the mildness
neither were they excluded from the privilege of servitude among the Hebrews. “Thou shalt
not deliver unto his master the servant which
*Reeves on the Colonial Slave Laws.
is escaped from his master unto thee; he shall
Stephen. 1 African Observer. | Stephen dwell with thee, even among you in that place
14
5
27
1
11
i


38
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
or
which he shall choose in one of thy gates where and the opening of the prison doors to them
it liketh him best: thou shalt not oppress him.” || that were bound.
Again : The penalty for man-stealing, by the But the case of Onesimus has been “alleged
21st chapter of Exodus, verse 16th, is death. to give an implied sanction to negro slavery,"
“And he that stealeth a man, and selleth him, | because Onesimus was a slave, and he was sent
or if he be found in his hand, he shall surely be back to his master, a christian convert, without
put to death.' The crime is ranked in imme- || any injunction to alter his condition. To this
idate connexion with the capital offence of it has been replied, that christianity, in this, as
smiting or cursing father or mother, and the in many other cases, has provided, without ex-
same punishment is awarded to each. The 26th | press precepts, å sure and inoffensive corrective
and 27th verses of she same chapter ordains of all oppressive institutions, by the gradual influ-
that “ if a man smite the eye of his servant, or ence of its liberal & benignant maxims; which did
his handmaid, so that it perish; or if he smite in point of fact, dissolve the bonds of slavery in
out his servant's tooth, he shall go free for the most parts of the christian world. Hence, it is
eye, or the tooth's sake.” Besides, an effec- | assumed on the one hand, and admitted on the
tual limit is put to that species of servitude | other, that the state of Onesimus was substan-
practised among the Hebrews, in the 25th chap-tially the same with that of negro slavery; an
ter of Leviticus, verse 54, which provides that assumption without any evidence, and grossly
the servant shall go out free in the year of Jubilee, contrary to the fact. And until it is shown by
"woth he, and his children with him.” This something stronger than the coincidence of a
provision is general, and applies to ALL servants, vague general appellation, that the case of One-
without distinction or nation, country or reli- || sinius and that of negro slavery are in moral
giun. But the Hebrew servant was to be free considerations the same, it is false reasoning to
at the end of six years, the utmost limit of ser infer the lawſulness of the one, from the suppos-
vitude, which the law provides. “And.if thyed toleration of the other.”
brother, a Hebrew man a Hebrew wo If, then, the negro slavery of the United
man, be sold unto thee, and serve thee six years; States and the West Indies has no parallel in the
then in the seventh year thuu shalt let him go practice of the nations of antiquity--if the ser-
free from thee. And when thou sendest him | vitude which existed among the ancients, was
out free from thee, thou shalt not let him go gradually abolished in Europe by the operation
away empty. Thou shalt furnish him liberally of the mild but effectual infiuence of christiani-
out of thy flock, and out of thy flour, and out of ty- and if the modern system of negro slavery
thy wine press,” &c. (See Deut. xv. 12 to i finds no support in the scriptures, either of the
14.)
Old or New Testament, and is directly at vari-
If the Mosaic law is to be resorted to in justi- || ance with the spirit and design of the gospel of
fication of slavery, let us take the whole of it as | Christ, how can christian societies and christian
it was given by the inspired lawgiver; and let ministers absolve themselves from the duty im-
not the hapless servant be deprived of its lenient posed upon them by their profession or calling,
provisions in his favor. If we are to be Jews ofendeavouring, by every means in their power,
and not Christians, let us at least be consistent to lessen the evils of slavery, and finally to ef-
Jews, and conform literally to all the instruc- fect its total abolition?- That such a duty is
tions of our lawgiver.
obligatory upon them, scarcely admits of a
Do we look for any palliation, much less au-
doubt. For what are the legitimate objects of
thority, for the practice of slavery in the pre- || christian societies? The most obvious and im-
cepts of the gospel? We shall search in vain.-portant designs of such associations appear to be,
The religion of Jesus Christ teaches us to do to promote the cause of truth and righteousness
good for evil—to forgive even our enemies--to ju the worid-to extend the Redeemer's king-
do in all cases to others as we would wish that dom among men—to turn people from darkness
they should do unto usato love the Lord our
to light, and from the power of satan unto
God with all our heart, and our neighbar as our-
God. Can truth be promoted by the toleration
selves.
of slavery? Can righteousness exist in con-
The gospel dispensation was announced to
nexion with wrongs, injustice and oppression?
the Jews in the fulfilment of the declaration of Can the Redeemer's kingdom be extended in
the prophet Isaiah. “The spirit of the Lord the hearts of those who bind heavy burdens up-
God is upon me; because the Lord hath anoint-
on their fellow men, which neither we nor our
ed me to preach glad tidings unto the meek: he fathers were willing to bear? Can those men
hath sent me to bind up the broken hearted; to
be turned from darkness to light who will not
proclaim liberty to the captives; and the open-
permit the slave to be taught to read the volume
ing of the prison to them that are bound.”—Isai- l of inspiration, while the lash of the task-master
ahºlxi. 1.-Luke iv. 18. And the spirit and is still sounding in their ears? Can they be re-
precepts of the Christian relixion are in harmo- scued from the power of satan, who permit the
ny and accordance with this first public testimo- | dearest ties in nature to be broken by members
ny of our Lord. If we fulfil the injunction of of religious societies? Are men's hearts turned
our religion, to do to others as we would wish unto the God of love, who made of one blood
them to do unto us—if we love our neighbor as
all the families of the earth, when those who as-
ourselves, can we consign him and his posteri-
sume the name of Christians turn a deaf ear to
ty to hopeless and interminable slavery? Nay, the cries of the oppressed, and regard not with
are we not walking in the footsteps of the Scribes feelings of compassion the agonizing tears of
and Pharisees, who bound heavy burdens upon
the mother, when torn from the offspring of
men's shoulders, and would not move them her love? Can these things be tolerated by the
with one of their fingers? And if we thus ac- professors of that religion which breathes peace
tively and knowingly violate the precepts of on earth and good will to all men—which, in
the gospel, and the commands of Jesus Christ, | its nature and design, is gentle and easy to be
can we be Christians? Can we with any color entreated, full of mercy and good fruits?
of justice call ourselves the disciples of HIM The enormity and magnitude of the evils of
who came to preach deliverance to the captive, slavery in the United States—its demoralizing


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
39
NI
IAN
3
a
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
tendency upon the community, where it pre- || show to the world an example of christian
vails to any considerable extent--and the tre- || philanthropy, which will be felt and approved
mendous and appalling consequences to this by the pious, the benevolent, and the wise, in
favoured nation which must result from its every section of our country-let them do all
continuance, would furnish ample materials to these things, and the curse of slavery will
fill a volume. The limts of this essay will not ere long be removed from our borders.
permit me discuss these points at large. But It is not necessary to define the manner of
when wereflect that there are now little short excluding slave holders from the advantages of
of two millions of this degraded cast within our membership in religious Societies. Each so-
borders, and that their number is rapidly in- ciety has its own code of discipline, or form of
creasing; in some of the States in a ratio much church government. If the principle should
higher than that of the white inhabitants,-that be adopted that the holding of slaves should be a
there are born in the United States, annually, i barrier to communion or church fellowship;
about fifty thousand human beings in the the mode of acting would be regulated by the
condition of slaves for life;—the subject de same rules as in other cases of admission or ex-
mands the solemn consideration of every chris- | clusion from membership. The example of the
tian philanthropist, to mitigate its horrors, and Society of Friends proves the importance of
to devise the most effectual means for its extinc- the measure to the cause in general, and its sal-
tion.
utary effects upon the community. It is about
What means would be better adapted to the seventy years since the Society in this country
end-what course more consistent with the made it a part of their discipline that none of
doctrines and precepts, the spirit and tendency their members should hold slaves.
of the christian religion, than for religious so Among the first advocates of the measure in
cieties and christian ministers to join heart and Pennsylvania, were Benjamin Lay and Ralph
hand for the accomplishment of this important | Sandiford. These men may be considered the
object? The powerful and extensive influence pioneers in the great and glorious work of
which religious associations exercise over the emancipation. They bore a fearless testimony
minds of the people, would give efficiency and against the slavery of the Africae race, at
force to their exertions in the righteous cause.
time when public opinion was opposed
Every man who reflects coolly on the subject to abolition; and we have reason to believe
would feel that his testimony against slavery was
that they were instrumental in opening the
just and founded in the eternal principles of rec- eyes of many to the iniquity of slavery.-
titude and truth, which the ever varying circum. After them, followed Benezet and Woolman
stances of this world cannot alter. Hence the in the same cause--men whose univers-
voice of conscience, on the one hand, would || al philanthropy, and christian benevolence,
second the labours of religious instructions on shone conspicuous in every important ac-
the other, and the iniquity of slavery would be tion of their lives. For many years the testi-
seen and felt by all classes of professors, Moremonies of such men as Lay and Sandiford were
good would thus be effected by associating reli- received by some of their brethren as the ebul-
gion with abolition, (and what association can litions of fanaticism, or the vagaries of a heated
be conceived more natural, )than can be accom- | imagination. But the voice of truth and phi-
plished by benevolent individuals alone, or by lanthropy was heard by many with caloiness
abolition societies, or associations of statesmen and impartiality. A consciousness of the un-
and politicians. These are limited and partial lawfulness of holding mankind in bondage was
in their operation. They are confined in their extended among the members—other advocates
: iufluence to small portions of the community, ll of the cause of emancipation were raised up, and
and cannot so generally, and effectnally influ- | justice at length triumphed in the utter extinction
ence public opinion, as the united efforts of of slavery in the Society. Benj. Lay lived to see
religious Societies. For religion comes home the accomplisment of the desire of his heart-the
to the feelings, and to the domestic circle of adoption of a rule of discipline of the yearly
almost every man of influence in our country. meeting of Pennsylvania for disowning all those
It is the business of every man's life to prepare who would not free their slaves. When inform-
for that state of retribution which awaits us ed of this couclusion, by a friend who called to
when done with time. And all are more or see him for the purpose of giving him the in-
less subject to the influence of those important formation, “The venerable and constant friend
duties, and high responsibilities which religion and advocate of that oppressed race of men at-
presents for their consideration. Let then the eutively listened to the heart-cheering intelli-
clergy from the pulpit bear a faithful and fear- gence, and after a few moments reflection on
less testimony against the practice of holding what he had heard, he rose from his chair, and
their fellow creatures in bondage-let them in an attitude of devotional reverence, poured
describe in the solemn and impressive language forth this pious ejaculation : , "Thanksgiving
of inspiration, the unlawfulness of the gain of and praise be rendered unto the Lord God.'-
oppression—the sinfulness of grinding the face. After a short pause he added—'I can now die
of the poor, and causing the objects of redeem- | in peace.'"* He lived but a few weeks after this
ing loveto languish in interminable bondage. Let event.
religious Societies exclude from membership From that period to the present time, the So-
all who will not emancipate their slaves-let ciety of Friends have been proverbial for their
them make it a sine qua non, in their admission opposition to slavery. They have revived the
to communion and church fellowship. Let | subject from year to year in their annual assem-
them interpose the powerful agency of religion blies. The younger members have been trained
to the further progress of this moral pestilence under the influence of a settled aversion to the
- let them plant their standard upon this ocean system. The testimony against slavery has be-
of bitter waters, and say, hitherto shalt thou come identified with their religion, influencing
come, but no further, and here shall thy pol- | their habits, and giving a direction to their ac-
luted waves be stayed- let them preserve their tions. The consequence is, that the whole
own camp pure from the leprosy of slavery, and Life of Benjamin Lay, by Roberts Vaux.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
weight of their influence, as a religious associa- | until they see, as did the pious Lay, their la-
tion, has been exerted to loose the fetters of the bors crowned with success--see of the travail of
captive. To this influence, in a great measure, their souls, and be satisfied.
Perusylvania owes the honor of having been Every individual in the community should
the first State in the Union to pass a law for the be encouraged to the performance of his duty
abolition of slavery. The first act of legis- | to the cause of emancipation, however small
lation, expressiy designed for the extinction of may be his means of usefulness : for by indi-
slavery, was passed by the General Assembly of vidual faithfulness, great results have often
Pennsylvania, March 1, 1780. The example | been produced; and apparently insignificant
has been followed successively by Massachusetts, causes have sometimes effected important res
Connecticut, Rhode Island, New-Hampshire, formations. Thomas Clarkson was engaged to
New-York, and New Jersey. In five other devote his life to the cause of abolition, by be-
States, slavery is prohibited by the Constitu- || ing called upon to write a prize essay on the
tion.
subject of slavery. When he first turned his
A cursory view of the effects produced by the attention to the question to be discussed, he
decided stand taken by the Society of Friends, | knew not where to begin. He was totally ig-
against the iniquitous practice of holding man norant of the subject upon which he was about
kind in bondage, will be sufficient to show the to write. He was destitute of the means of
vast and incalculable influence which would be acquiring the knowledge necessary to enable
brought into action, were the more numerous him to discuss the question of slavery. He
bodies of christians in our country to unite || knew not to whom to apply for information, or
their efforts in the same cause. The Methodists where to procure the necessary authorities.-
have done much in this good work. Though || In this hopeless condition he saw in a window,
they have not fully incorporated abolition with as he passed along the streets of London, Au-
their religion--though they have not, in all ca thony Benezet’s account of Guinea. He bought
ses, made the holding of slaves a barrier to com. the book, and found it to contain a clue to all
munion and church fellowship; yet their prea- || the authorities he required. He engaged in the
chers have not ceased to proclaim the impor- || contest for the prize, and obtained it; and from
tant truth, that all men ought of right to be free. this small begining became the principal instru-
They have often boldly and conscientiously dis ment for the accomplishment of the abolition of
charged their duty as christian ministers, by the British Slave-trade. Again: The labors of
pouriraying in glowing colors the sinfulness of those who conscientiously engaged in the cause
slavery. They have opened their mouths for of abolition as a religious duty, gave a tone to
the duinb, and plead the cause of the poor and public opinion in the northern and middle states,
the oppressed. They have broken the jaws of which resulted in the enactment of laws for the
the wicked, and plucked the spoil out of his total extinction of slavery in those states. To
teeth. Wherever the influence of this society | the same cause may be attributed the ordinance
has exten led, the cause of the degraded African of 1787, by which slavery has been forever
has found able and efficient advocates. Through excluded from the States and Territories North
their meau: many thousands have been restored | and West of the river Ohio. Their rapid and
to their rights; and a direction given to public unexampled advance in wealth and popula-
opinion in many places, unfavorable to slavery. tion, fully establishes the wisdom of the neas-
It'is devoutly to be wished, that they would
advance yet one step further, and cleanse their
camp froin the unciean thing that still remains || portance of individual faithfulness in the per-
These, and similar examples show the im-
—that they would make no compromise formance of every duty. It is by such means
with slavery, but wash their hands of the pollu- that all great and important reformations of
tion.
abuses have been effected: for society can only
Great credit is also due to the Presbyterians act efficiently by means of individuals. Let
in the Western States. Some of them have la- | each man labor in his own particular sphere,
boured with a noble and disinterested persever- || and the influence of his example will extend
ance in the cause of emancipation. Their res to those with whom he is connected in civil or
olution appears to be formed, never to cease religious society. And thus organized associa-
their efforts until their society purged from tions may be brought to act efficiently in a
the stain of slavery. If this consumation should || collective capacity.
be achieved, which we ardently hope, and
Let then every Christian minister, and every
confilently believe will eventually crown the religious association, and each individual men-
labors of those christian philanthropists who
have engaged in the work, the cause of aboli-
ber of a religious society, endeavor to eradicate
the stain of slavery from our land, by the effec-
tion will acquire a moral force and preponder- tual operation of the lenient principles of Chris-
ance in the community which will be felt in || tianity. Let the voice of justice and humanity
every section of the couutry.
be heard from every pulpit, and resound from
The Baptists, too, in some parts of the Wes the walls of every church-let the fiat of uni-
tern States, have taken up the question of sla versal emancipation be issued from every Con-
very as a religious duty.. I regret that my in- | ference,Synod,and General Assembly, through-
formation is 30 limited in regard to the labors out the country-let the pious associations of
of these two last named Societies. It appears the present age, for distributing the Scriptures,
that they design to accomplish the total ex and communicating a knowledge of the chris-
clusion of slave bolders from communion |tian religion to distant regions-proclaim free-
and church membership in their respective || dom to the captive, and the work will ere long
societies. How far they have progressed in | be accomplished. Slavery will soon cease to
their endeavors to cleanse their camp from so be a curse upon our country, and a disgrace to
foul a pollution, I am unable at present to say. our nation. Then will the blessing of him that
But every friend to humanity can join in cor was ready to peri come upon us, and the
dial approbation of their efforts in the righteous | soul of the emancipated slave will be made to
cause, and in the hope that they may persevere l.sing for joy.
ure.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
Dog
PRINCIPALLY CONDUCTED BY A LADY.
.
ofte
ci:
one
sk
bos
box
to
alle
H
AB
14
Ladies' Repository.
the eagle wing of freedom, but instead of a
protection, they have found it a blighting and
Philanthropic and Literary.
1 curse;—they have breathed the glad breezes of
a Land of Liberty, but to them they have been
noxious as the destroying Simoom;--the splen-
AMERICAN MISERY, -
did effulgence of refinement and knowledge is
“Favored as we are from infancy with in- gleaming brilliantly around them, but alas! not
struction of every kind, used as we are to view
ay is suffered to break through the atmos-
the mind in its proper state, and accustomed as
we are to feel the happy effects of female influ- phere of their own thick and palpable darkness.
ence, our thoughts would fain turn away from On every side of them are the temples of a Just
the melancholy subject of female degradation, of || and Omniscient God, but their oppressors, more
female wretchedness. But, will our feelings of
pity and compassion—will those feelings which savage and ruthless than even the barbarous na-
alone render the female character lovely, allowtions of antiquity, permit them not to find a re-
us to turn away-to dismiss the subject alto-fuge, even “between the horns of the altar.”
gether without making an effort to rescue,
save?
Finally, susceptible as their minds are said to
“Shall we sit down in indolence and ease, be of the truths of the christian religion, the
indulge in all the luxuries with which we are
outward means of receiving such knowledge is
surrounded, and leave beings like these, flesh
and blood, intellect, and feeling like ourselves, almost entirely withholden from them, or con-
and of our own sex, to perish, to sink into eter- | veyed to them through the impure channel of
nal misery? No! by all the tender feelings of those whose hands are defiled with injustice.
which the female mind is susceptible, by all
the privileges and blessings resulting from the
Who then is there on the broad face of the uni-
cultivation and expansion of the human mind, verse, that has such strong claims on the sym-
by our duty to God, and our fellow creatures,
and by the blood and groans of Him who died pathy of American females, as the American fe-
on Calvary, let us make a United effort, let male slave? Nor is it her misery only that ap-
us call on all, old and young, in the circle of || peals with its deep, unspeaking voice to their
our acquaintance to join with us in attempting
to meliorate the situation, to instruct, to enlight | compassion. Her wrongs rise up terribly in
en, and to save.”—Mrs. Judson's appeal for judgment against them, and demand redress
Burman Missionaries.
from THEIR justice! Be the situation of eastern
The above forcible and eloquent appeal can-
females unhappy as it may, those whom we ad-
not apply more strongly to the situation of those dress have borne no part in rendering it such.
for whom it was intended, than it does to a
Would to Heaven we could say as much for
large number of the females of our own country. them with respect to their own countrywomen!
Whatever may be the claims of the daughters of But we cannot. They have joined themselves
Burmah, or any other heathen land, on the in- with the oppressor, and it is by their supineness
habitants of a christian and civilized nation, they —nay, by their assistance, that such mountains
cannot equal those of hundreds of thousands of of wretchedness, and darkness, are heaped upon
females in our own country. The bondage of the head of the slave. It is to minister to their
the women of the East is not disgraceful, for it | pride, to supply their luxuries, to provide for
is customary, and is laid upon them by those their comforts, that their sister has been brought
they love; their mental darkness is not deepen-
so low-that the floods of distress have been
ed by the contrast of surrounding light,-their | made to overwhelm her soul. Shall we then
own hard fate by the sight of the delicacy and appeal only to the soft and gentle charities of
luxury of those amidst whom they dwell-a de- || their nature-to their feelings of tenderness and
licacy and luxury supported, too, by their bitter compassion ? No! we call upon them to re-
and unrewarded toil—their own miserable de- dress the wrongs of those whom they have deep-
gradation! They may not be torn shrieking from | ly injured. We call upon them at their own
the arms of their husbands, or behold their chil- || peril to withdraw their hands from the perpe-
dren wrenched one by one from their clinging |tration of iniquity. We point to the pleasant
grasp forever; they are not exhibited and sold valleys of the south, watered by the agonizing
at public auction, nor advertised for sale in the tears of woman, clouded by her disgrace, and
public papers, nor driven in herds about the too often sprinkled with her blood; and we tell
country, manacled like felons, nor are they lia- | them that all this is measureably their work.-
ble to be thrust into prison without even so We tell them that the food upon their tables, and
much as the accusation of an offence. But the the garments upon their forms, are taipted by the
cor.trary of all this embitters the lot of those on guilt of oppression; and we entreat them, as
whose behalf we entreat our readers to address they value their own innocency, to hasten the
the above extract to their own bosoms. They cleansing of their hands from so great an
have been reared beneath the broad shadow of evil.
312
6
or
1
te


42
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
TEACHERS.
greatly useful, but it is equally meritorious, to
It is stated by Clarkson, in his History of the advance the interests of humanity by less dis-
Abolition of the Slave Trade, that Anthony || tinguished service. A patient and careful at-
Benezet, beside his other invaluable labours intention to trivial things is always helpful in the
that cause, greatly promoted its advancement promotion of a design, and is sometimes the
by impressing the minds of his scholars with only means by which the desired object is at-
correct ideas of the enormity of Slavery, and tainable. If a proper use were made of the
power which every one possesses to aid in some
thereby giving many defenders to the
op-
pressed race who have so long been doomed to degree the noble designs of philanthropy and
endure its bitterness. Thus much of what An- of avarice and pride be softened, and those who
benevolence, how soon might the stony heart
thony Benezet performed it is in the power of|| have been made to bow the forehead to the
many of our own sex to accomplish. Of the dust be raised from their place of shame and
vast effects which maternal influence is capable degradation! How soon might women, were
of producing we have elsewhere spoken ;- they but willing slightly to exert themselves
and the power which is vested in the hands of to serve a cause for whose prosperity their
those to whose care is committed the education wishes (at least in the free States) are almost
of youth is scarcely less important. Their bu-| universally given, by their united efforts bring
siness is particularlywith the mind, over which, to a triumphant conclusion, the important work
unless they fall short in their duty, they can
of emancipation.
scarcely fail of acquiring considerable ascen:
dency; and right principles carefully inculca-
THE SEASON.
ted by them will probably never be wholly er It is now the season of rural wandering.
adicated from the minds of many of their pupils, || The city loses almost half its accustomed occu-
while in those of some of them they may spring pants, and the enchantments of nature are
up & “bring forth fruit fifty fold.” Let us entreat visited and enjoyed by thousands, who behold
those who fill the station, to which we allude them with more exquisite delight from the ra-
those whose hearts are not seared to the suffer- rity of the pleasure, while to those whose
ings of the tens of thousands of their own sex, || dwelling place is among them they present a
who are drinking all the degradation and bitter- constant succession of charming variety. The
ness of the cup of slavery—those to whom the pervading spirit of nature is one of universal
brightness and excellence of the female charac- love; it is one that should open the heart to the
ter is dear, and its dishonor painful—let us en influence of all the sweet and kindly affections,
treat them to commune seriously with them and touch our sympathies more sensibly with
selves upon this subject, and to reflect whether tenderness towards our fellow creatures. The
they may be permitted to withhold their hand voice of birds, the perfume of the many flowers,
from doing this good to their afflicted sisters, the deep shadow of the wood, amidst whose
without bringing condemnation on themselves cool recesses rambles the rocky streamlet, fill-
for their neglect.
ing the air with the perpetual babble of its tiny
waterfalls, the deep glow of the sunset, and the
TRIFLES.
felt quietness of the summer evening, with its
A carelessness with regard to things of ap. soft showering radiance of moonlight, and the
parently little moment, is one of the most fruit- low plaintive cry of the whip-poor-will, melt-
ful causes of human error and unhappiness.- ing away at intervals upon the scented air,--all
All would be willing to be perfect if such a
these are well fitted to awaken and foster the
state could be secured by one grand effort, with | better feelings of our nature, and to teach the
out the perpetual and wearisome struggle for heart to forget the narrow measures of its wont-
mastery with the perverseness of the inclina-ed selfishness. Ah! then, while our friends are
tions or the will. The years of life that are
surrounded with outward loveliness, let not
wasted in detached moments, occasion but lit- their enslaved sisters appeal in vain to their
tle sorrow for their loss, although they may kiudly sympathies. For her the earth can have
perhaps make up half the term of existence.-
no brightness, the voice of song no melody,
The evil that is counteracted, and the good that the flowers no fragrance; for the wretchedness
is performed, during the course of an individ- of her fate is like a cloud and a blight upon her
ual life, seldom bears any proportion to that bosom. The sparkling and overflowing cup of
which might have been accomplished, by a natural and mental beauty, is to her a sealed
sedulous improvement of all the opportunities fountain, or it is drugged and poisoned with the
which have presented themselves. It is cer bitterness of her many sorrows. And will not
tainly a high privilege to be permitted to be those to whom it presents a draught of deep


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
43
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
1
She gave
blessedness, endeavor to win for her the capa EIGHTY years! for the express purpose of pet.
bility of sharing in their happiness? Let them suading these poor creatures (eighteen or
think of her, and speak of her in their pleasant || twenty in number) to leave the region of des-
rambles. When they are gazing with admira potism, and accept the glorious boon of free-
tion at the wide landscape, or sitting beneath || dom!! She succeeded in her efforts-she struck
the shadow of the vine-garlanded rock, with || the fetters of bondage from their limbs—she pre-
the ripple of the brook flashing in sunshine at vailed with them to journey out of Egypt—and
their feet, and the glancing images of insect although we may regret that there was a seem-
life flitting around them among the green leaves, |ing necessity for changing her original plan,
whether they are wraptin solitary contemplation, and thereby hazarding a voyage to the African
or mingling their voices in converse with coast, and a settlement in the sickly regions of
those they love, then let the images of those perpetual equatorial heat, while they might
poor suffering ones glide before them, and have been conveniently and advantageously
while the story of their wretchedness is in their provided for nearer home,-still it is extremely
heart, or on their lips, let their compassion be gratifying to witness the patriotic philanthropy
deepened, their resolutions strengthened, and and noble resolution thus displayed by an Amer-
their principles brought more thoroughly to ican Lady, in the case before us. She assures
view with abhorrence a wilful participation in us that she thought she could not die in peace,
the cruelty of their oppressors.
unless her poor slaves were first released from
bondage. She was offered ten thousand dollars
ELIZABETH GREENFIELD.
for them, but spurned the proposition.
O that all other slaveholders may possess a
We were under a mistake, the month before
last, in stating that this good widow lady had | kindred feeling! Misers, ignoramuses, and
sent her slaves from Louisaina to Hayti. She the bloated sons of dissipation and depravity
has recently returned home safely, and we will sneer and scoff,—but every virtuous man
have been politely furnished with the following and woman will associate with the name of
interesting particulars by herself.
ELIZABETH GREENFIELD a noble public
us the facts—the language is our own.
spirit--a pure philanthropy—a genuine piety-
She had resided a long time in Mississippi, that seldom manifest themselves in the conduct
and had several plantations stocked with slaves, of a human being. No doubt the ardent prayer
in that State and Louisiana. Some years since she of her soul will now be granted. When the
removed and settled in Philadelphia. She had pre- || period arrives that ushers into her presence the
viously sold all her slaves, with the exception of messenger of fate, she will have no conscience
those on one plantation, near Natchez. After guiltiness to upbraid her in reference to the
residing some length of time in Philadelphia, withholding of justice from these, her fellow
(and being quite advanced in life,) she made creatures. She will pass in quietness and peace
her will; and, in this instrument, provided for "from works to rewards:” and her bright ex-
the emancipation of the remainder of her slaves, ample shall illumine the path of posterity, for
ages
and their settlement in the State of Ohio.-
Lands were to be purchased for them, and all
We have been kindly furnished by the Secre-
the necessary articles furnished, to set them up
tary of the Ladies' Society for encouraging
in business for themselves. When it was an-
the use of the productions of free labor, in
nounced, however, that a few of the people of || Philadelphia, with a late statement of their
Ohio had attempted to revive an old obnoxious | Committee. Some difficulty and delay having
law, which from its cruel and oppressive pro-occurred in procuring a lot of free cotton that
visions had been suffered to lie as a dead letter | had been contracted for, the business of manu-
on the shelves of jurists for a long time—and | facturing &c. has, for a time, been partially sus-
when it was stated in the newspapers of the pended. It is pleasing to learn that the stock
day, that the colored people would all be com-
of goods on hand have fast diminished; and
pelled to leave that State, this philanthropic la that the sales have enabled the committee
dy felt at a loss to know what she had best do || promptly to meet their engagements of a pecu-
with her slaves. She consulted some of her niary character. The language of the commit-
friends, and they advised her to send them to
tee is, upon the whole, encouraging, though
Africa. The slaves were unwilling to go; and it embraces little that is very important. A
not knowing what else could be done for them, hope is entertained that a further supply of
to secure their freedom-she adopted the noble free cotton will, ere long, be received. It is
resolution of immediately setting out on a jour- | feared that a quantity, deposited at Fayetteville,
ney of about 4000 miles, at the age of more than previous to the late fire, has been destroyed.
to come.
1


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation. ished spirit of the feudal days, and the softer
LAMENT.
spirit of heroic chivalry. Then rise the merry
vineyards of France before our view, and the
Wo for our country's guilt!
hills of Spain, as when the victorious and pol-
The glory has departed from her brow,
ished Moors reigned there as conquerers. But
And shame and infamy are round her now;
better still does it delight us, to wander beneath
The blood her hand hath spilt,
the delicious skies of Italy. It is so thoroughly
Cries out against her from the smoking plain,
the land of the imagination! it is, in its very
Yet warm and reeking with the crimson stain,
realities, so like the creation of a dream!-
The shame of broken faith,
Our thoughts of it are all stained with the rich
Of solemn treaties turn'a to mockery,
hues of the romantic medium through which
And the strong pledge of friendship made a lie, they pass, like its own sunset light when it
And unregarded breath-
streams through the painted windows of its an-
This blot is resting on her tainted name,
cient chapels. Italy seems perfectly a creature
A mildew to the brightness of her fame. of the past—a dream--a shadow of memory;
we can scarcely realize the thought of her pre-
Wo for her forest sons!
sent existence, or at least of her being still an
Whom she hath cast into their brother's hand, inhabited country. We wander in fancy among
To be thrust forth sad wanderers o'er the land, her splended palaces and her exquisite scenery,
They and their little ones,
but they are populous only with the shades of
Their mothers and their wives, amidst the wild, || the departed. We glide with the stealthy tread
To bear the thought how fair their lost home of a ghost through the dim aisles of her monas-"
siniled.
teries, or thread the rocky mazes of her castled
They leaned in their deep trust,
forests, and we find every scene tinged with
Upon her solemn vows, and found too late,
the light of poetry and romance, or wearing
In their crushed hopes
, and their most bitter fate, Then we penetrate the mountain's fastnesses of
the deeper interest of remembered history.-
Her oaths were as the dust:
Her seeming friendship but a mask to hide,
Switzerland--we listen for the music of the
Her ingrate perfidy, her guilty pride.
“Ranz deo Vaches,”and watch the last rose-
hues of the sunset fade from the height of her
Wo for the dark brow'd slave!
pinnacled glaciers. Returning at length to the
Bow'd to the dust 'neath her relentless hand, land of our own home, we go back to the scenes
And stamped with foul'oppression's hateful brand, of her early days. Her romance consists not
He passes to the grave,
in antiquities—it is in her freshness--her vast un-
Before the Judgment Seat of Heaven to bear, peopled solitudes—her now busy population,
The tale of all his wrongs and his despair. and the quietness, that but a little while since,
lay like a deep spell upon her many rivers.-
A las! alas, for her!
What recollections has she to offer us? We go
How can she bear the searching eye of God
back through the darkness of years, and behold
Bent in its justice on her crimson sod-
the first daring vessel from another clime, that
She a vile murderer !
lay moored beside her shores, seeming to the
How dare she lift her hand to heaven to pray, minds of the untutored natives like a being sent
"Till she hath cast her cherish'd sins away! from Heaven. Alas! how soon were those
Yet how with pealing shout,
[bells,
two races of men contending in bitter enmity!-
And carinons roar, and trump and deep-voiced How soon was the glad surprise of the one, and
Of her own glory to the world she tells!
the simple reverence of the other, converted,
Ah! better would it suit
by injustice and revengeful feelings, into un-
Her cheek, instead of the proud flush it wears,
relenting hatred! Then comes up the remem-
To be washed pale with penitential tears!
brance of another scene. The first Slave Ship
GERTRUDE.
is on our shores, and our countrymen, crowd-
ing around her, yet shrinking and blushing at
their unaccustomed infamy, are about, for the
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation. first time, to defile their hands and disgrace
MUSINGS.
their country, by the inhuman traffic in hu-
It is pleasant to pass the twilight hour in an
man flesh. Ah! how soon such scenes became
undisturbed reverie; to give wings to our awak-
too familiar to excite any other feeling than
ened thoughts, and mingle with the beings of the eagerness of grasping avarice! Auctions
other years of the days of the times of old." for human flesh were multiplied among them;
Weseem in a few moments to have lived through and the echo of the driver's keen thong went
the lapse of other centuries. We may wander
up to heaven mingled with the groans of his
back to the first day spring of the world, and
tortured victims. And these are the recollec-
gaze upon it in its yet unpeopled loveliness.- tions which our country has to offer for our
We may go back to the early time of all na-
hours of reverie!
Injustice, bloodshed, and
tions, we visit all lands, and the forgotten traces of oppression! Well may we turn our thoughts
their history come back to our remembrance.- away from her past years, when her early light
We seem to tread the stage of life with those
was so soon darkened by the foul blot that still
whom hundreds of seasons have beheld mould-
rests upon her with its deep stain of iniquity.
ering in the dust, and to be dwelling in the
BERTHA.
midst of events of which there remains now
only a name and a shadow. We set our foot
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
upon the soil of Europe--we tread the shores
of wave-girdled England, and behold her
SLAVE PRODUCE.
mighty metropolis diminished to its pristine | Eat! they are dates for a lady's lip,
rudeness; :-we hover in the dim light amidst Rich as the sweets that the wild bees sip;
the ruins of her ancient towers, around whose Mingled viands that nature hath poured,
dismantled turrets seems still to linger the ban- || From the plenteous stores of her flowing hoard,
/
4


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
45
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
PIT
DOM
er
j
1
10
DCC
2!
Bearing no trace of man's cruelty-save
About a year since, a young Lady, of the
The red life-drops of his human slave.
name of Amy Pennouk, commenced business
in this line, and now keeps on hand an assort-
List thee, lady! and turn aside,
ment of Groceries, Cotton manufactures, &c.
With a loathing heart from the feast of pride;
&c. at the place above mentioned. The writer
For mixed with the pleasant sweets it bears, of this has seen and examined some of her
Is the hidden curse of scalding tears,
goods, and cheerfully recommends them to
Wrung out from woman's bloodshot eye, those who may have it convenient to call at
By the depth of her deadly agony.
her store. Such as prefer goods of this de-
Look! they are robes from a foreign loom,
scription, may, no doubt, satisfy themselves
both as to price and quality. Every such
Delicate, light, as the rose leaf's bloom;
Stainless and pure in their snowy tint,
praise worthy effort surely merits encourage-
ment.
As the drift unmarked by a footstep's print.
Chester County, July, 1831.
Surely such garment should fitting be
For woman's softness and purity.
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation,
Yet fling them off from thy shrinking limb,
For sighs have rendered their brightness dim;
THE FLOWER.
And many a mother's shriek and groan,
I have a withered blossom that I keep
And many a daughter's burning moan,
For memory. Thou gav'st it ine, dear friend!
And many a sob of wild despair,
And ’neath its wither'd leaves there lies a spell
From woman's heart, is lingering there.
To waken thought with.-How the past comes
BERTHA.
back,-
The visionary past! with its dim crowd
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
Of dreamy images, ai? bright’ning up
A young lady, of fine taste and talents, said
Into the seeining vividness of life,
with a sigh, a few days since: “O that I could
As on my hand these scentless petals lie,
do something for the poor negroes!” It was And busy thought Alings back the misty veil
suggested that she might appeal to the good That hangs o’er old reinembrances. That flower
feelings of readers, through the inspiration of the
-Dost thou remember it?-and on what spot
Muse. Shortly after, she presented the follow The scion grew that reared it? We have been
ing, which I venture to send for insertion in || Together there in happiness, and oft
the Genius.
G.
Have bent together o'er the scented bells,
Washington, June, 1831.
Yet dew-besprinkled, which the lavish morn
O how unlike youth's fev'rish dreams,
Had scatter'd prodigal; or when at eve
The hope that animates us now;
The climbing moon gleam'd through the peara
Unled by Igniis Fatius gleams,
tree's boughs,
[gemmed
To thee, 0 Truth! we calmly bow,
And flung her glory o’er the flowers that
And wait till thy inspiring word,
The vine-hung gate-way, giving their white
leaves
In gentle whispers, shall be heard.
A dazzling brilliancy--then have we sat
It is the wrongs of Afric's sons
in the old pleasant porch, and spoke our words
We feel,--and would our aid extend Of laughing happiness, and caught the breath
Unto the injured suff’ring ones,
Of that rich fragrance, as the dewy air
Who loudly call us to befriend,
Came wafted to our temples.
When their deep groans ascend on high
Now 'tis eve,
In piercing heart-wrung agony.
And on the pearly sky her lustrous star
Gleams in its brilliancy, like a bright thought
Too long, too long in Freedom's land
Oppression holds her iron sway,-
In a rich page of poesy—but thou-
O rescue from the tyrant's hand,
Two years ago, and thou wert by my side
His feeble, unresisting prey,
In many a joyous ramble, far and free,
Until the yoice of Liberty
Through the green mazes of the rocky wood,
Proclaims that all her sons are free.
And o'er the streamlet by its pass of stones,
MARCIA.
Or by the beautiful and shadowed creek,
Or up the long steep hill, our fav’rite walk
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
At eventide, with other tones than ours
Mixed in our laughing converse--two years
FREE PRODUCE STORES.
since!
It is gratifying to the friends of the unfortu -And now our paths are separate, and no more
nate African to perceive the lively interest | Our lives may be so similar, and wear the stamp
manifested of late, among the Ladies in some Of the same incidents! And shall not we,
parts of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and other Who know the pain of parting, feel for those
contiguous States, relative to the giving a pre Who are so often severed from all ties (turn
ference to the productions of Free Labor, from To which the heart clings fondliest? Shall we
tropical countries. . We have heard of the es A careless ear to the long moan of woe,
tablishment of mercantile stores, in various Wrung out from woman's bosom, when her
places, for the purpose of vending such articles, heart,
by Females. In Philadelphia and Wilmington With all the delicate fibres of its love, [foot
such establishments have been for some length | Lies torn and bleeding 'neath the trampling
of time in operation; and it is to be hoped that of rude inhuman tyranny? Oh, friend!
they are likely to be successful.
If there is wanting yet one clasping link
But though I have been a regular reader of To rivet our long friendship, be it this
the Genius of Universal Emancipation, I have An union of sympathy for those
not seen it stated that a Store of this kind has who are bowed down beneath the heavy weight
been opened in the village of Kennett- Square, Of man's injustice, and the wish to raise
Chester County, Pennsylvania.
Our dark browed sister from her low estate,
10
ed
hi
1
C
5
11
B!


46
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
af Cælum.
Fiat Justitia Ruat
That she may writhe no more 'neath cruel scorn, wish to know, constitutes the difference be-
And most foul inhumanity. Shall she
tween man and other animals? Is it not his
Be sold and purchased at the public mart, reasoning powers and his faculty of speech?
Amidst the jeers of brutal insolence,
And are not these common to both blacks and
Endure the smiting lash, and waste away
whites? Are not the inental faculties of the
Her bitter life in wearing drudgery
former capable of cultivation and improvement
And soul-debasing ignorance, and we
in the same manner as the whites? Surely it
Forget her many sorrows, and that all
cannot be disputed. Then they are of the same
The transient joys that gleam around her heart, species as ourselves. But suppose they are not
Quenched in a moment by a tyrant's will, human beings; to which class shall we attach
May leave it lifeless as this withered flower, them? If to the brute creation, what shall we
With all its pleasant perfume passsed away,
call those that are denominated mulattoes? Do
And its light gone forever!
they partake more of the rational or the brute
GERTRUDE. creation? By following this train of reasoning
for a moment, we shall see that the premises
The Olio.
could not be sustained, and we shall therefore
be compelled to admit that the blacks are ration-
al beings and possessed of the same natures as
NOTICES-COMMUNICATIONS-SELECTIONS.
ourselves. Inasmuch then as they are men,
and we acknowledge the Declaration of Inde-
TO READERS AND CORRESPONDENTS.
pendence to be correct, they are equal with our-
The last number of the Genius of Universal selves, and “are endowed by their Creator with
Emancipation was put to press earlier in the || certain inalienable rights, among which are
month than was expected by the editor, who | life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”
was from home at the time. Several arti- || What can the supporters of the horrid system
cles were prepared, that on this account were of slavery say to this? If the Creator has en-
deferred, as they did not reach the office in || dowed us with the right of life, he has equally
season. Some of these are inserted in the endowed us with the right of liberty, and no
present number.
man is justifiable in depriving us of the one
A variety of communications have been re more than of the other. If a slave holder takes
ceived, within a few weeks, some of which will the life of his slave, he is amenable to the laws
appear in subsequent numbers. “A. Z.” of St. of his country for the offence. And why not
Clairsville, Ohio, is particularly welcome. make him equally responsible for depriving a
An article from the pen of a colored man, fellow creature of that which is far dearer than
favorable to African Colonization, (originally || life or the possession of this world's goods?
published in the American Spectator,) should | Could a white man endure the thoughts of be-
have appeared this month, but it has been mis- || ing held in perpetual bondage? Would he not
laid.
consider it in the highest degree cruel, unjust,
and tyrannical, without referring to the cir-
ANOTHER NEW PAPER.
cumstance of his being torn from his home, from
Proposals have been issued by Junius C. the beloved partner of his bosom, and from all
Morel and John P. Thompson, (colored men,) | those endearing ties which could render his situa-
for publishing a weekly paper, in Philadelphia, | tion any way tolerable? And why not reverse the
to be entitled the “AMERICAN.” The price of picture and quere whether our colored breth-
subscription will be two dollars per annum. ren do not possess the same feelings of sensibili-
Their prospectus will be further noticed here- || ty, and the same desires of freedom and inde-
after.
pendence. But some will say that having never
tasted of the sweets of liberty, they know not
ERRATA.
the value of it. This is an assertion without
The author of the article, headed “Washing-proof, and contrary to all the evidence we have
ton City Prison,” in the May number of this upon the subject; for frequently have I heard
work, has directed our attention to several im-
those that have been treated by their masters
portant typographical errors. Next month it
with an unusual share of kindness, say, they
will be partially republished, with the neces-
could not be happy with all the privileges they
sary corrections.
enjoy, as long as they were retained in bondage.
But even were this the case it would not justify
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
the principle of slavery, neither would it ob-
A few days since, that valuable document
viate the unconstitutionality of the measure;
called the “Declaration of Independence” ac-
for it is certainly in violation of the letter and
cidentally fell into my hands, and in casting spirit of the Constitution, and contrary to the
my eye over it, I was forcibly struck with the views entertained by its illustrious author at the
inconsistency that is manifest between the pre-
time he penned it. For I am credibly inform-
cepts therein inculcated and the practice exem-
ed that when Jefferson wrote the words that
plified in our Southern States.
“all men are born free and equal,” he had par-
“We hold these truths to be self evident, that | ticular reference to this disgraceful system of
all men are created equal; tbat they are endow- slavery.
ed by their Creator with certain inalienable
More when leisure permits.
rights; that among these are life, liberty, and
CLARKSON.
the pursuit of happiness.”
If the sentiment conveyed in this expression
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
is correct, which I presume few will deny, all MR. EDITOR:-I live to see another Anni-
men, without distinction of color, are “created versary of American Independence, a day pe-
equal.” But some persons would probably say | culiarly dear to the white inhabitants of the U.
that the blacks are not human beings, and con States, and one by no means uninteresting
sequently would not be embraced within the to your colored and neglected countrymen.-
meaning of the term “men.” What, I would ll On this great festival of civil and religious lib-


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
47
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
6
1
!
erty, while ten millions of freemen are cele- || fewer advocates to plead our cause. But now
braingan “festive songs of joy” the magnani-behold the change.-Through the good will of
mous achievments of the "departed great”- those who were above the prejudices of the
while they are eulogising them and their sur times (aud such we shall always have) and our
viving revolutionary compatriots in impassion- | own virtuous conduct, industry and economy,
ed strains of overpowering eloquence, for hav- many of us have acquired considerable wealth,
ing jeopardized their lives and shed their blood and this too under the most unfavorable and
to obtain and preserve inviolate the liberties of discouraging circumstances. We have first,
this country-while they are proclaiming in through the sweat of our brow, enriched those
tones of an under, from centre to circumference who claimed us as their property. We have,
of this wide-spread Union, the "self-evident through our unremunerated labor, contributed
truths,” that all men are created equal, and largely to the education of their sons and their
endowed by their Creator with certain inalien- daughters to the erection of your colleges and
able rights, &c.—while the gifted tongues of your temples we have given ministers to the
your land are electrifying the whole nation | church and legislators to the state. And after
with this soul-thrilling declaration,-1, feeling all this, we have, in many instances, purchased
the injustice done me by the laws of my coun ourselves, our wives, our little ones, our kin-
try, retire from the exulting multitude,-nay, || dred, together with decrepid slaves whom we
from your temples of worship, pensive and are always supporting. This many of us have
solitary, to contemplate the past and the present || done, and in addition, we are always acquiring
as connected with our history in the land of | soinething like a competency, notwithstanding
our nativity.
so much has been said of our improvident habits,
And first I would observe, without indulging || our idleness and poverty. We said we were, a
in prolixity of detail, that there is nothing few few years ago, ignorant heathens. But
either in the past or present corroborative of who that has witnessed the elevation of our
the anti-christian and anti-republican, though norals, the refinement of our manners, and
colonization doctrine, that we can never enjoy the general improvement of our minds, for the
in this country the rights of freemen. This last few years, can call us heathens now?
abominable doctrine emanated from the malev.
With regard to our ignorance, we see, feel, and
olent—it has been cherished and propagated by deplore it; but the time was when we were
the vulgar and the prejudiced-doubted by the scarcely sensible of it. The time was, when,
advocates of African colonization, (which is for a colored man to read the Testament, was
abundantly evinced by their recently unusual considered a prodigious performance; but he is
efforts to remove us“) and is believed to be: reading it in the original
, and who marvels
now expounding it-nay, a few of them are
by some of the first men in the nation, as un-
founded in truthļas the principles which support || and prejudice have reared in opposition to our
now? Sir, considering the barriers which pride
it are hostile to the general welfare of the na-
tion. The Declaration of Independence, whose | intellectual elevation-considering our very
all-potent energies burst asunder the cords of || limited opportunities and facilities to acquaint
British power, and is now shaking the kingdoms ourselves with literature, we think our profi-
of tyranny, and breaking the iron arm of op- ' ciency in the arts and sciences is not a little as-
pression, and revolutionizing the despotic gov- tonishing, at least, it is not a subject of ridicule.
ernments of the world,—this inimitable pro-
Your limits remind me of my duty; I there-
duction, whose light and power extend to the fore draw to a close, though I have but partial-
oppressed of every clime, will never permit ly penned my thoughts. I conclude by ex-
in this land of bibles and temples, of indepen- pressing the hope, that a peaceable and upright
dence and glory, the perpetuation of our de conduct, an obedience to the laws of the land,
gradation. This imperishable document, whose
an unalterable attachment to our only true
attributes are truth, justice, and benevolence, home, an admiration of the republican princi-
has declared to the world that liberty, in the ples of our government, combined with the
full sense of the word, is the birth-right of “all growing sense of our wrongs, the benevolent
men;” (consequently, of every colored man in operations oY the day, the solemn injunctions
the Union;) that we are not only “born free,” of religion, and the irresistible influence of
but have, by virtue of our existence, “certain your free institutions, will yet obtain for us,
rights,” which are emphatically termed “ina-
in the United States of America, our indefeasi-
henable."
ble inheritance. And why, I emphatically ask,
Now, as these are admitted to be "self-evident should we not enjoy those rights which all must
truths,” it may be asked, in the name of justice confess have been wrested from us without the
and consistency, who can wrest from us these shadow of a crime? What evil could possibly
our natural rights, without ilying in the face of accrue from the adoption, by the white people
this sacred instrument-without a dereliction of this nation, of a liberal, just, and humane
of its principles, and a contempt of its authority policy towards three hundred thousand of the
The Declaration of Independence is our advo-
home-born citizens of the United States?
cate,and we hope it will yet he ascertained, wheth-
A COLORED BALTIMOREAN.
er or not the Constitution of the U. States secures
Baltimore, July 4th, 1831.
to us those rights which the Declaration so
freely accords. We shall then, perhaps, have a
little more light upon the absurd doctrine of our
-Two thousand negroes were landed at
everlasting degradation in America. Mean- | different ports in Cuba, from the first of Februa-
time we would say that the history of our pastry to the middle of March, notwithstanding the
improvement in every particular amply refutes many vessels that are cruising to suppress the
the erroneous supposition, the unfounded pre-
slave trace.
diction. Contrast, sir, our present condition A slave at or near Old Harbor, Jamaica, has
with what it was a few years ago: the been convicted of the crime of preaching, and
were extremely poor and ignorant: we were sentenced to six months imprisonment, and to be
enslaved heathens, having few friends, and still ll flogged.
1
we


48
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
E
31
D
OF THE
AUTHORIZED AGENTS.
A PREMIUM FOR RICE.
Jacob Janney-Penn. Avenue, Washington,
The sum of TWENTY DOLLARS will be
D. C. opposite Barnard's Hotel.
given as a premiurn, over and above the market
William. R. Jones No. 18, Market-street,
price, for Five Casks of Fresh Rice, of a good Baltimore, Maryland.
quality, raised by Free Labor, and delivered in Abner M. Plummer-Newmarket, do.
Philadelphia, to CHARLES PEIRCE, before the Samuel Browo-Winchester, Virginia.
Ist of January next. (1832.)
Johnathan Taylor, Jr.- Purcell's Store, do.
The gentleman, above named, is well known Rich'd Mendenhall--Jamestown, N.C.
as a very respectable Grocer, in Philadelphia, Thos. Moore, P. M.-Newgarden, do.
who has for several years past, made it a particu Thos. Lundy-Huntsville, Surry Co. do.
lar business to keep articles in his line that are M. Long, P. M.-L.7?g's Mills, do.
exclusively the production of free labor.
J. Newlin, P. M.-Lindley's Store, do.
The premium, together with the market price, B. Swaim, Esq.--Neu- Salem, do.
will be promptly paid, on the delivery of the kev. H. M’Millan- Chesterville, s. C.
Rice, accompanied by proper reference and vou Samuel Holliman— Wrightsboro', Ga.
chers from some respectable person who is known Thos. Doan-Newmarket, Jeff. Co. Tenn.
in Philadelphia.
Jas. Jones, P.M.-Unitia, Blount Co. do.
Elijah Embree, P. M.- Pactolus, do.
PROSPECTUS
William Bryant--Nashville, do.
William Mack-Columbia, do.
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION. James Asking-- Fayetteville, do.
VOL. XII.
James Alexander-- Washington, Hempstead
The object and character of this work are
Co. Arkansas Ter.
well known. It has been published nearly ten Rev. Jesse Haile-Springfield, Ilinois.
years, and circulates in all the States of this Rev.John F.Crow, P. M.-Hanover, la.
Union, in Canada, the West Indies, Europe,and Smith & Bulla-- Centreville, do.
Africa. It is exclusively devoted to the subject
Rev. M. Jamieson-Mountsterling, Ky.
of the Abolition of Slavery, on the American Joseph Lormer-Mount-flashington, do.
Continent and Islands.
Joseph B. Chapman--- Waynesville, Ohio.
Within a few years, the proprietor has trav Dr. Joseph Stanton--Springborough, do.
eiled much, and had to depend somewhat upon William Lewis--Harrisville, do.
the assistance of others to conduct the work. A. Baer, Jr.--Osnaburg, Stark Co. Do.
He pledges himself, however, that the publica Thomas Chandler-Adrian, Michigan Ter.
tion shall not cease, but with the cessation of William P. Richards— Wilmington, Del.
his natural life, provided, the public patronage, Joseph Sharpless,-No. 22, N. 4th street,
or the labor of his own hands, will furnish the Philadelphia, Penn.
means of issuing a single sheet per annum. Joseph Cassey--No. S. 4th street, do, do.
He further pledges himself, that the great fun A. Marshall, Esq.- Westchester, do.
damental principles, hitherto advocated in this Dr. E. Michener-London grove, do.
work, shall be steadily maintained. The course Dr. B. Fussell-Kennett Square, do.
to be pursued, hereafter, will not materially vary Joel Wierman--York Springs, Adams Co.do.
from that which he marked out in the beginning. Lindley Coates-- Gap P. 0. Lan. Co. do.
The corrupt sources of the horrible evil of Jehu Lewis-Bethlehem, Wash. Co. do.
slavery shall be traced; this fatal gangrene up Richard Lundy-Mount Holly, N.J.
on the body politic shall be probed; and the Theodore Davisson-- Trenton, do.
healing balsam will be applied when the putrid Benjamin Acton-Salem, do.
mass is removed. Every possible investigation Zachariah Webster-Plain field, do.
will be made as to the state of the slave-system, James Willson, Jr.--Alamouchy P. O. Sus-
and what is doing relative to its perpetuation or sex County, do.
abolition, particularly in the various parts of Mahlon Day-No.376 Pearl-st. N. Y. Crty.
the United States and the West Indies. Every John Lockwood-Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
exertion will also be made to show what can be James Adams--Albany, do.
done, with propriety and safety, towards eradi Charles Marriott-Hudson, do.
cating this enormous and increasing evil from A bijah Purinton-Troy, do.
the American soil.
Thomas Shotwell-- Marengo, do.
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.
John 1. Wells & Son—Hartford, Conn.
The work will, henceforth, be issued month-
R. T. Robinson-Vergennes, Vt.
ly. It will be neatly printed, on fine paper,
William Lloyd Garrison-Boston, Mass.
and folded in the octavo form, each number
Samuel Rodman, Jr.-New-Bedford. do.
making sixteen large pages.
William Dean-Salem, do.
The price of subscription will be One Dollar
Rev. N. Paul-London C. H. Upper Canada.
per anuum, always to be paid in advance.
James Cropper-Liverpool, England.
Subscribers who do not particulary specify
William B. Bowler--Port au Prince, Hayti.
the time they wish to receive the work, or no-
John B. Salgues-Aur Cayes, do.
tify the Editor of a desire to discontinue it be-
Jacob W. Prout-Monrovia, Africa.
fore the expiration of each current year, will be
POSTAGE.
considered as engaged for the next succeeding The postage of the Genius of Universal Eman-
one, and their bills will be forwarded accor- || cipation is now the same as that of weekly
dingly.
newspapers. One cent and a half, for each pa-
Agents will be entitled to six copies for every | per, is the highest that can be legally charged
five dollars remitted to the Editor, in current within the United States. If the distance be
money of the United States.
less than one hundred miles, but one cent
All letters and communications, intended for can be demanded. 03 Post-masters will please
this office, must be addressed (free of expense) | attend to this notice. The Post-Office in
10 BENJAMIN LUNDY, Washington, D.C. Washington forwards it undert this regulation.
11
1
7


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
EDITED BY B. LUNDY-PUBLISHED IN WASHINGTON AND BALTIMORE—$1.00 PER ANN.
“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, and endowed by their Creator with certain
inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”—Declaration of Independence, U.S.
No. 4. VOL. II. THIRD SERIES.] AUGUST, 1831. [WHOLE NUMBER 268. VOL. XII.
0.
1.
0
The editor of the Genius of Universal | ty should be preserved, that the members of the
Emancipation expects to be from home for some
national legislature may not form an excuse for
length of time. Yet every article, that appears
in the paper, will be prepared by himself, or pass neglecting them, on account of their diversity of
under his inspection, previous to insertion. character.
Letters, &c. must be directed to him, at
Washington, D. C. as usual. All business con-
nected with the office will be duly attended to,
SLAVE TRADE IN THE DISTRICT.
in his absence.
If ever a nation, under Heaven, was disgrac-
ed, by an act of its own, (by a deed of omission
DISTRIOT OF COLUMBIA-PETITIONS TO
or commission,) that nation is the United States,
1
CONGRESS.
and that act is the toleration of slavery and slave-
Are our friends, every where, alive and awake
trading in the District of Columbia. Much has
to the importance of petitioning Congress, at
been said upon the subject, within a few years,
the ensuing session, for the abolition of slavery | and—nothing done! A great majority of the in-
in the District of Columbia? Surely they will
habitants of the district are, unquestionably, in
not lose sight of this interesting object, in the heart and soul, opposed to slavery. Yet they
listless apathy of careless unconcern, or the tur-
are compelled to witness the abominations of the
moil of party strife! Do they consider that it is | abominable system, without the power to adopt
yet too soon to begin their labours? Let them
a single measure to put an end to them. Not
bear in mind that the season passės swiftly on; || having a voice in the government of the terri-
T
and that in a few months the session of Congress
tory in which they reside-unrepresented in the
will commence. It is, in fact, high time to put | legislative body that enacts their laws-com-
the petitions in circulation, for signatures; and it || pletely disfranchised, to all intents and purposes,
is gratifying to learn that in some places this has
they can only look on with indignation, and wit-
been done.
ness the misrule of the legitimate functionaries of
In the city of Washington, a committee of || authority with pain and vexation. An immense
twelve has been appointed, by the Anti-slavery majority of the people of the United States, who
Society, to attend to the business. This com-
holá in their hands the sovereign power, are also
mittee consists of the following persons: John || decidedly opposed to the criminal practice allud.
Chalmers, Esq. Mathew Hines, Ulyses Ward,
ed to.
Let them, then, instruct their represen-
Wm. Drake, George Crandle, Benjamin Lundy, tatives in Congress (who are the sole legislators
William Greer, Philip Williams, Samuel || for the “ District,"') to wipe from the national,
Shryock, Richard Evans, D. A. Gardner, and | escutcheon this foul blot, and thus relieve its
James Williams. One hundred copies of the citizens from the shame and the undeserved re.
petition or memorial, for the District, have been || proach to which they are constantly subjected,
placed in the hands of each member of the com- || by the existence of slavery and the slave traffic
mittee, for distribution; and persons generally, || among them.
who are friendly to the cause, are requested to Not only are the cities of this district scanda.
apply for papers, and use their efforts to pro- lized by the appearance of thousands of ignorant,
cure signers. In the first ward of the city, up | degraded bondmen, and of sundry Slave Factories,
wards of three hundred names were signed in a similar to the soul-trafficking establishments on
few days. Among them were those of the may- || the African coast, completely furnished with all
or, and one of the judges of the court, as well as the horrible paraphernalia adapted to the hellish
many other persons of high standing, numbers of business” of buying, stealing, and selling men,
whom were actually slave holders.
women, and children, free and bond;-not only
Copies of this petition have been forwarded to are the feelings of the virtuous portion of com-
every state and territory of the Union, in order |munity outraged by the wicked doings of fero-
that those who take an interest in the matter | cious barbarians, who are regularly employed in
may see the manner in which it is phrased. It || the work aforesaid-driving through the streets
is expected that the petitions, in different places, their plundered human animals, manacled, and
will generally be worded in accordance with the chained, and beaten, and lashed, like dumb beasts
wishes of those who are expected to sign them: taken to the shambles for the harness or slaugb-
s yet it would be well if some degree of uniformi." ter;-but the very officers of government, appoint-
02
73


30
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
ed to act as conservators of the publie peace,
Toge her, in their frantic agony,
Till they were torn by savage hands apart,
and the guardians of freedom and justice, are Fond arms, from twining arms, and heart from heatty
Never to meet again! What had they done
frequently compelled to aid in carrying on this Thon tool of avarice and tyranny!
horrible work, by the present laws and regula- || And thy guilt haunted vells were sire and son;
That they should thus be given o'er to thee,
tions!!-and, further, the prisons erected there, Mother and babe, all partners in one crime
As dreadful as the fate that through all time
solely for the purpose of facilitating the detection Clings to them with a grasp they may not shun?
of crimes, and the punishment of their authors, are No! let the tale be spoken, though it burn
The cheek with shame to breathe it-let it go
almost constantly used as ACTUAL WARE-HOUSES
Forth on the winds, that the wide globe may know
FOR THE STORAGE OF HUMAX FLESH AND BLOOD!! Our vileness, and the rudest savage turn
And point with taunting finger to the spot
Why, alas! shall such a state of things exist? Whereon thou standest; that all men may blot
Our name with its deserved taint, and spurn
Why do not the reflecting, the moral, and the
Our vaunting laws of justice with the heel
virtuous of the land rouse from their slumbers,
Of low contumely; that every peal
Of triumph, may be answer'd with a shout
and pour into the national halls of legislation the
Of biting mockery, and our starry flag,
Our glorious banner! may, dishonor'd, drag
loudest, deepest tones of unqualified command? Its proud folds in the dust, or only flout
The gales of heaven, to be a broader mark
Why do they not load the tables, fill the seats, For scorn to spit at--oh, thou depot dark!
STOW EVERY APARTMENT OF THE CAPITOL!
!
Where souls and human limbs are meted out,
In fiendish traffic-no! those weeping ones
with petitions, memorials, and resolutions for the
Have done no evil-but their brother's hand
extinction of the evil? In short, why do they Hath rudely burst the sacred household band,
And giver, with heart more flinty than thy stones,
not adopt a sine qua non at the polls, and give His victims to thy keeping, and thy chains,
Till he hath SOLD TỈEM! they within whose veins
every candidate for public favour clearly to un Blood like his own is coursing, and whose moans
Are torn from hearts as deathless as his own!
derstand that his success depends on his pledge to
And there thou stand'st!-where Freedom's altar stone
exert himself in putting an end to the hydra of Is darkened by thy shadows--and the cry
That thrills so fearfully upon the air,
slavery in the territory of the nation, particular With its wild tale of anguish and despair,
ly in the District of Columbia?
Blends with the peans that are swelling high
To do her homage! I have sometimes felt,
It is, indeed, to be hoped that the time may
As I could hate my country, for her guilt.
Until in bitter tears the mood went by.
not be far distant when the subject here alluded
to will engage the attention of our friends, gene-
CORRESPONDENCE.
rally, and that this “ Augean«stable' may be
cleansed, and the human tigers that have long
The extracts of letters, to the editor of the Ge
been harboured therein expelled beyond its re-
nius of Universal Emancipation, inserted below,
motest enclosure.
will be interesting to the readers of the work, as
We conclude, for the present, with the follow. I they shew, in some degree, the feelings and
ing extract from an article, which appeared ori-
movements of philanthropists, in various parts
ginally in this work a few months since. It is l of the Union. Many such extracts might
from the pen of a highly esteemed correspondent, have heretofore been inserted, but they were de.
to whom we are indebted for mang valuable ferred for want of room. Others may hereafter
communications. The opportunity is embraced be given occasionally.
to correct a few typographical errors, which es-
A gentleman in North Carolioa, with whom we
caped our notice in the first impression. The have had no acquaintance, writes, under date of
article was headed, “ Washington City Prison,"
“ June 30, 1831," as follows:- We are glad to
and particularly adverts to the frequent incarce perceive the honest anxiety manifested in his re-
ration therein of free kidnapped, and other inno-
marks. We say to him, in the sincere language
cent, coloured persons.
of kindest feeling: Brother be of good cheer.
Other reformations have been promoted, and this
Receptacle of guilt!-hath guilt, alone,
will be. Nothing is wanting but a close adher.
Stain'd with its falling tears thy foot worn floor, ence to truth and justice, and a little active la.
When the harsh echo of the closing door
Hath died upon the ear, and flinging prone
bour, to ensure success, even upon the very prin-
His form upon the earth, thy chilling, gloom
Seem'd to the wretch the sentence of his doum--
ciple of SELF INTEREST, as well as that of PUBLIC
bay bear'sı thou witness to no heart-wrung groan,
Bursting from simdegs bosome, whom the hand
of tyranı power hath sever'd from the band
of the earth's holiest and dearest things,
“ With all my heart, I sincerely deplore the
And thrust amidst thy darkness? Speak! declare
slavery existing in the southern states; and I ar.
If only the rude felon's curse and!
Mix'd with wild wail and wilder laughier rings
prayer,
dentiy wish some plan could be fallen upon, or
Within those dreary walls?--or if there be
rather that it was already adopted, to abolish it,
No spirit fainting there with agony,
without bringing with it evils of greater magni.
That not from their own crimes, but foul oppression tude. The laws, however, which are adopted
springs!
in a manufactory of gun powder, are, and ne-
Ha! am I answered?-in that startling cry,
cessarily must be, entirely different from those
sting from some wild breast with avguish riven, adopted in a manufactory of cut nails. And so
And rising up to register in heaven
it is with us;-we cannot do as we would. Our
Its blighting tale of outrage--the reply
Was heard distinctly terrible. It sprung
laws must be adapted to our condition.
From a sad household group, who wildly clung
Yet I am free to confess that we do not do
*
SAFETY.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCPATION.
51
Fiat Justitia Ruat Colum.
what we might do, to abolish slavery; that jus- | unprofitable in some parts: they increase in a
tice and humanity are less forcible in their ope greater ratio than the whites, who are not thus
rations upon us than interest.
I am sorry:
circumscribed. The great mass of these (the la-
heartily grieved—that it is so. But such is the bouring class) will find enigration the more ne-
nature of mankind., I dont believe that any peo cessary, as those become more numerous--and
ple ever abolished slavery because it was hu- this will go on in arithmetical progression, in fa-
mane, and just, and right; but, only, because at vour of the blacks, until the few remaining slave
the time of the abolition, it better suited their in-holders will find themselves, before they are
terest. Sad picture, this, of mankind !-Sad, but aware of it, in as critical and helpless a situation
as I think, true. It has its exceptions as to in as the captain of a ship who is already barred
dividuals; but whoever reasoned, or ever came under hatches by a crew of mutineers.
to any just conclusion by reasoning from the ex These things, and more, are not unperceived
ceptions?"
by the southern people, and there is but one de-
The following is from a friend, in the lower
vice which they imagine will defeat the cause
of liberty--and that is, by dissolving the union,
part of Virginia, dated " 5th mo. 15th, 1931."
anıl seliing up for themselves--purchase or take
"I have been riding through the state much || Texas, and scatter their slaves throughout those vast
since I wrote thee. But I find the hearts of peo. western and southern regions. There is no doubt
ple generally steeled to the feelings of humani- | in my mind but that this is the true ground of all
ty, their interests drowning every other notive the southern excitement about state rights, the
to action or enquiry. I have not failed, how | tariff, &c. &c. It will not indeed do to be open-
ever, at a single house, to call up the subject of || ly avowed by them; but mark, it will one day
African oppression, and to elicit the best feel. | openly appear.
ings of the people to the justice of the cause. Finding however, as they will, that all those
In all cases I deny the right of any one to claim schemes are futile and unavailing, I hope they
property in a fellow creature in the lowest no will see the necessity of joining heart and hand
sooner than in the highest. For all the condi- || with the Colonization society, uniting with the
tions are merely incident, as are all colours. other states, by one mighty act of the nation give
That as all men are by nature equals, no set of freedom and a home to all the oppressed chil-
men can lawfully commission a despot. Nordren of Africa within our borders."
can they fasten slavery, the machinery of des.
potism, upon any individual. But, on the con-
SLAVITES IN THE PULPIT.
trary, as natural equals, we cannot accumulate
We know that it is a common thing, in some
upon any oné unequal privileges by their own
free acts, except it be for an especial purpose, || parts of our country, for what are called “ Minis-
and but for a limited time."
ters of the Gospel,” to hold slaves. And many
Another gentlemen, residing in the District of such, who would consider themselves grossly in-
Columbia, who has had many opportunities for sulted, were their “piety” even questioned, can
extensive information upon the subject of slave- || wield the lash with dexterity, among the victims
s ry, was lately in company with the editor, when of their tyranny, to hasten their " sluggish” obe
a mutual interchange of sentiments took place, | dience-feed and clothe them scantily for their in.
in a brief conversation. Soon after his return cessant toil--imprecate upon them eternal tor-
home we received the following, which is insert ments for trivial aggravations--and yet, with for.
ed with pleasure, as being the sentiments of mal mockery, as divinely commissioned interces-
sit thousands in the South. As new arguments are sors, invoke high Heaven for the salvation of their
d advanced, and extensively promulgated throughout | souls! Some of these presumptious, self styled
these regions, conviction will operate on many vicegerents of God, are, indeed, known to pos-
bis minds; the good work of reformation will pro sess a full share of that malevolent ferocity which
gress; and, finally, our hopes and anxious de constitutes the heartless oppressor. “I would
sires will be fully realized.
shoot down a man that should dare thus to deprive
me of my property,” once said an ageil clergyman
I rejoice that accident led me to your office.
to the writer of this, when adverting to the cir.
I have not given all the numbers of your estimable cumstance of a slave having been “enticed" from
you had the goodness to put into || his “legal” owner:--" yes, I would shoot him
my hands, a perusal--but am already abundantly
Trf satisfied; and request you to add my nanie to
down!” he repeated, indignantly, while his grey
those of your subscribers.
locks formed a striking contra t to the bloody
I have been sometime rejoiced at beholding, in mindedness exhibited in his wrinkled cheeks and
the south, the dawning of the glorious day of uni- brow, and the bending body and outstretched arm
versal emancipation, which, as sure as God is
just, will in his appointed time (if his servants do called to mind the place, and the occasion, which
their duty) illumine all the regions of the earth. had often witnessed their peculiar gestures.
I think sir, that I see, in less than a century
Eine and a half, the African race in our country left
It is not to be supposed that slave-holders, who
in full possession of a portion of our southern fill the station here alluded to, are, generally, of
states, though not a drop of blood be shed- this description. Were it so, the land had, ere
though not a blow be struck, or a hostile arm be
now, witnessed the fate of " Sodom and Gomor-
raised. The slave holding region is defined and
circumscribed and it is already so thickly popu- || rah!" But that we have many such among us,
lated with slaves, that their labour is becoming is absolutely true. Corruption has found its way
FOR
DEAR SIR:
j
paper, which
dl
D


52
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
1
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
ers
mond,
2
into their “ holy.office;" and they must be strip this special pleading go forth without some ap-
ped of their borrowed robes--the veil must be raised | parently redeeming qualification, he accompa.
that hides their hypocrisy and wickedness from nied it with the following admissions.
the public view.
" The censure deserved by this kind of inter-
The object of these remarks is to introduce the meddling with the domestic relations of people
following circumstance to the notice of our read. in the southern states, ought not, we are aware,
The statement is copied from the “Village nately. There has been too much iudiscrimi-
to be applied to northern people indiscrimi-
Record,” published at Westchester, Pa. The
nate censure cast upon them on this score.-
editor of the Genius of Universal Emancipation From a personal knowledge of the views of
has procured the names of both, the clergyman many in several of the northern states, we have
reason to believe that a large proportion of
claiming the slave, and his clerical“ brother” who | their enlightened citizens are as decidely op-
accompanied him, as witness and assistant slave | posed to dishonorable acts of this kind as their
Nor would we say-
taker! They are here recorded, in order that their southern neighbors.
while exposing the mischiefs which may result
truly pious brethren of the west, who are so nobly | from enticing servants to run away—that slave.
labouring in the good cause of emancipation, may ry is a subject in which NORTHERN people
know who it is that have thus dishonoured their have no concern. As a national evil it con-
church, and brought the clerical office to shame.
cerns every citizen of our country. Those of
the northern states have long felt its influences
The claimant of the slave was the Rev.
in various ways.
They must therefore, feel
TURNER; the witness and assistant, the Rev. interested in its removal. Indeed, as long as
WHITE. Both, we learn, reside in Rich- || slavery shall exist any where on earth, it will
Va.
concern freemen, no matter how far removed
from it, to use proper means to remove it-
The particulars of the transaction, as published Christian philanthrophy, as taught by Jesus
in the “ Village Record,” were briefly these: Christ, teaches us to regard every man, of
“ A painful scene was exhibited in our village whatever nation or color, as a neighbor, and as
on Saturday. A woman, remarkably likely, I such to do him good as we have opportunity.-
about 22 years old, who had been here for some
In this view slavery concerns every body. And
time and behaved very well, was arrested as a
it is not the earnest wishes of our northern
slave. The proof was sufficient and she was
neighbors to improve the condition of the col.
taken off, the semblance of sorrow and des ored people, which are to be censured-it is
pair. Universal sympathy seems to be felt for the injudicious, misguided efforts made by a
her fate. Her master, a Presbyterian clergyman, || few; efforts which are of no benefit to them,
from Richmond, Va. it was said, felt some ap-
and are equally injurious in their results to the
prehensions lest there should be an attempt to
servants and the owners."
rescue her. Much as public feeling was excit-
We have neither room nor inclination to wade
ed, we do not apprehend there was the remotest
danger. It is the law of the land, and obedience through the sophistry of the Telegraph, in thus
to the law is here regarded the first duty of a | endeavouring to whitewash the character of this
good citizen. Some talk of buying her freedom slave-holding clergyman. It is of a piece with
prevailed, but it is said that the owner asked 500
or 600 dollars, which, of course, might be re-
the logic of slaveites, every where; and all the
ceived as a refusal to sell. While the Richmond || persons concerned, who applaud the transaction,
Clergyman exercises his right to reclaim his are to be viewed as enemies de facto to true chris-
slave, we shall exercise ours as the conductor of tianity-enemies to the cause of justice and gen-
a free press by saying-that we hope he may be
merciful, and pray that he may obtain mercy from uine republicanism. No circumstance, whatever,
Him whose law, if we read it aright, prescribes: can justify a “minister of the gospel” in volun.
• Do as ye would have others do unto you.'”
tarily participating in the crime of involuntary
The editor of the “Southern Religious Tele-
slavery.
graph,” true to his principles, as an apologist for
slavery, made a labored effort, soon after the ap- from the Village Record, which will further
We conclude with the following paragraph,
pearance of this paragraph, to ward off the odium show by what kind of spirit these clerical slave-
that attached to the conduct of the clergyman. lites were actuated. Christians! are these the
He had much to say about the “ kind treatment"
« fruits” of your blessed religion?--No! NO!!
extended to this “ deluded” slave-descarted
largely on the impropriety of her leaving so good a
“ Painful as it may be, though not necessary
here, it may be proper to our entire justification
master-spoke of the injustice of others, in har- with the citizens of Virginia, to state what we
boring her--took it for granted that she had been regard the highly improper conduct of this
persuaded to elope, &c.--leaving every thing out Clergyman and his assistant. Without notice,
without the least suggestion, without legal
of sight, like a sheer pettifogger, that would
warrant, they burst into the house of Dr. Bar.
militate against his argument, --and was as | ber, one of our most respectable citizens, seiz.
plausible, perhaps, throughout, as the soul-pirateed on the girl who was his hired servant, and
Hawkins, when summoned before the throne of | although she made no resistance and begged
not to be ill treated, immediately put her in
queen Elizabeth, to account for his unchristian Irons (tho’ they were taken off soon after.) So
and horrible proceedings! Yet, unwilling to let ll sudden an invasion of the sacredness of a pri-
40
GO
2


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
53
the papers.
TA
IN
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
vate dwelling--so rude--the putting on Irons! | volt at the idea of perpetuating the curse of slave.
created the greatest alarm and threw Mrs Bar- | ry, to be entailed upon the children of men from
ber into tears!' Dr Barber had no suspicion || generation to generation, unless we use every
that she was a slave or a runaway. We would exertion on our part to retard the use of such
ask the high minded citizens of Richmond, who products as are raised by the hands of slaves.
regard with the independent spirit of the An- || However the proceedings and resolutions adopt-
cient Doininion, their house as their castle, ed by a society of Females in Philadelphia, are
what they would say to any body, from north or well worthy the notice of our northern females,
south, on invading thus rudely thcir domicil?- of all complexions; and we would suggest the
Suppose from Georgia or Louisiana, any Slave propriety of establishing, and that speedily, one
Hunter, without notice, were to burst into their or more of the above societies in this place; and
apartments! We know what would be their "hile we recommend their adoption, hesitate
language to Clergyman or King. They would not to say, so laudable an undertaking must meet
not sit down satisfied with mere paragraph in || the approbation and support of every free citizen
among us, and, thereby strike the axe to the root
of foreign and domestic slavery.
PRODUCTIONS OF SLAVE LABOR!"
In the last number of the Genius of Universal KIDNAPPING NEW JERSEY BY THE
Emancipation, we adverted to the circumstance AGENT OF A MARYLAND SENATUR!!
of the broken finger having been found among From the following statement, it appears that
the sugar in a cup of coffee; and likewise copied a child entitled to its freedom, has been taken
the statements respecting the discovery of a Hu from the state of New Jersey, in company with
MAN BODY in one cask of molasses, and a human | its father and mother, who were seized as slaves
head in another. It is probable that many of our belonging to citizens of Maryland. One of
readers were sadly worried to digest these items these persons has, for some time, officiated as
of information. But notwithstanding they may a Senator. The paragraph is copied from
consider the subject locthsome, we must ask their the Philadelpnia “Daily Chronicle." What
attention to another case of a similar character. do we here behold! TWO SLAVES AND A FREE
We have been very credibly informed that a PERSON INCARCERATED, FIRST IN A TAVERN,
man in the interior of Pennsylvania purchased a THEN IN THE CITY PRISON OF PHIL-
cask of molasses a few years since, from which || ADELPHIA, TO BE TRANSPORTED TO
the HAND of a human being was taken, having | THE SOUTH!!! Spirits of Franklin and Find-
been broken off at the wrist. A considerable || ley! are such the results of your legislation? Did
portion of the molasses had been used, previous | you recommend your prisons to be employed for
to the discovery; but the remainder was (very || such purposes? No, indeed--and were you pre-
naturally !) disposed of as “damaged nierchan- sent, at this moment, how would your honest in-
dignation be roused, and your thundering elo-
It is very common for people, who wish to lead quence be heard, in unmeasured denunciation of
an easy and unconcerned life, to object to the those scandalous deeds!
narration of facts like these: but it is by such “ HORRORS OF SLAVERY. A few nights past,
means that they are to be made acquainted with
a cottage near Haddonfield, New Jersey, was
broken open, and a man with his wife and child
the nature and extent of the horrible evil of sla- | carried off. They were subsequently examined
very, which they directly contribute to support. || before John R. Sickler, one of the judges of the
The finger and the hand were undoubtedly bro- || inferior court of conmon pleas, who granted a
ken off by having been caught in the niills for passport for their removal: the man as the slave
of Ezekiel F. Chambers, and the woman as the
grinding cane.
slave of Wilmer. The infant, being born in New
Jersey, is free by law. They were afterwards
“AFRICAN SENTINEL."
imprisoned in Kokersperger's tavern, in Federal
The fourth number of this interesting periodical | street, near the arsenal, and from thence remov-
has made its apparance. It is sill issued month-
ed to the debtor's apartment of Arch street pris.
on as the slaves of Charles Knight. A writ of
ly, and will doubtless, become a work of great | habeas corpus was taken out, but before it was
utility to the coloured people. It is now con- served, they were carried off.”
ducted with a tact and ability, to which a vast
EQUALITY IN NHIS BRITISH ISLANDS.
number of the newspaper editors of the day may
A colored man, of the name of Brown, was
in vain aspire to. Success atlend it.
recently nominated by the Governor, and elected
We copy the following editorial paragraph
a magistrate of the city of Kingston, Jamaica.
from it, to shew the interest manifested in that
quarter relative to the object of our Associations
COLORED SLAVE HOLDERS.
for the use of the productions of free labor.
The following statement, from a London pa-
" We know of no object claiming public at-
tention more deservedly, than the above, and as
per, presents the subject of slavery in a differ-
such recommend it to the notice of all our north-
ent light from that in which many have beneld
eren brethren, and particularly to those, who re-ll it. But we have numerous colored slave hold.
1
dize."
:
i
NO
i


54
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Caelum.
AFFAIRS OF HAYTI.
ers in the United States. In every point of cha- | in the airection of the storm”--the frightful roar-
racter they materially resemble the whites. They ings of the tempest will cease--the forests and
are, surely, of the same “species!” They are the bowers will remain unscathed-the fields
rather more inclined to justice, however, it will exhibit the wavings of the “golden grain,”
would seem.
as before—and, finally, the sun of peace and
« On the 15th ultimo in the debate on West | tranquility will re-appear, illuminating with its
India Negro Slavery, in the British House of wonted brightness, and cheering with its smiles.
Commons, Dr. Lushington stated that the free | Let us, then, live in hope, and faithfully labour
people of colour in the island of Jamaica, pos: in the holy cause. Our reward will be sure,
sessed seventy thousand slaves, and had author-
ized him to consent to a measure for the eman and our happiness eternal.
cipation of those slaves, if it should be consid.
ered necessary.”
No rebellion among the people yet—no fam-
KENTUCKY.
ine-no war with France! Every thing is tran-
We have not learned that the Emancipation quil, except the natural elements; and they
Society, in Kentucky, has yet gone into ope
breathe as
almly there as elsewhere! It would
tion. But the “ Western Luminary,” of June seem that no "
power of darkness" can be con-
22d, informs us that Robert P. Aller, of jured up, from the deep caverns of their coral
Shelby county, and G. H. Briscoe, of Mercer world, either to blast the inhabitants of that un-
county, had authorized
their
to earthly region with his pestilence, or to shatter
be added to the forty-eight recorded in this ) its strong foundations and overturn their rock-
work some time since. The number required || bound Isle! Even the Haytien NEWS MANU-
to organize the society is, therefore, made FACTURERS, of Jamaica, evidently despair of
up; and we may soon expect to hear some compassing their destruction, and have invented
thing further of their philanthropic proceedings. | no “new” article, for the purpose, of late.
In the mean time, the friends of emancipation At the date of our last accounts, the President
and colonization, are circulating memorials to was in the southern part of the Island, remote
the Legislature of the State, for the signature of || from the seat of government, visiting his fellow
the citizens. We have before us a copy of one citizens, and receiving their friendly congratula-
of these memorials, which will be further po tions.
ticed, at a future period.
WISHES NOTHING-PERSEVERANCE EVE-
names
RY THING.
PECTS.
ENCOURAGING VS. DISCOURAGING PROS-
Steady perseverance is of more value than
transient heroism. Many a fortress has yielded
In an editorial article, reviewing the prosper-
to a siege, that was impregnable to the power
ous state of this Union, upon the late Anniver- of assault.
sary of American Independence, the editor of
The advocates of African emancipation, to be
the “Greensborough Patriot,” published in Guil- successful, must constantly bear this in mind.
ford couniy, North Carolina, bas this paragraph, || There are thousands who wish, aye, WISH them
in allusion to the system of slavery:--
prosperity in their undertaking, and even pro-
“But in our rapid march to that maturity for | fess a willingness to assist in its consummation;
which we seem to have been destined, we have | but yet they shrink from every species of labor,
obstinately and blindly cultivated the seeds of
our ultimate and inevitable prostration. The and every thing like active exertion. They wage
sunshine of peace and of plenty has long beam no moral war—they fly at the approach of the
ed its brightest rays upon our happy country; enemy! What are their wishes worth? What
but a dark cloud is collecting in our horizon,
which portends a direful storm! We leave the will their professions accomplish? Advocates of
reader to pause and reflect.”
this description, are of little more value than the
Ah! truly, friend Swaim, it is a “dark cloud,” | insects that float in the ambient atmosphere.
indeed. But it hovers so near the earth, that it They are mere sun-shine ephemera, whose gilded
may be dispelled, or borne back, by the peace- l wings droop at the first pelt of a rain-drop, from
ful breezes of pious, moral, and political exer-
the van of the storm!
tion. There are, now, many wholesome counter
currents in the corrupted atmosphere. Let us
PROJECTED INSURRECTION.
remove a few more of the towering obstructions We have before alluded to the subject of the
in their various channels--obstructions that are following paragraph. Though we have no con.
purely artificial, and may be as easily destroyed | firmation of it, the fact is not improbable. Ven-
as created--then shall we soon perecive a change.ll geance is accumulating in the land of despotism ;,


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
55
Fiat Justitia Ruat Colum.
1
2
and it will assuredly burst forth with tremendous their increasing intelligence, their hostility, and
fury, if Justice be not admitted to a participa. | their power!
tion in the councils of those in authority. Here But we shall not enter at large upon the dig.
we see them drawing the cord of oppressioncussion of this topic now. Our object, in allud
still tighter, as they become apprehensive of dan- | ing to it at present, is merely to hint the import.
ger! O the blindness of erring mortals! Where ance of acquainting ourselves more fully with the
shall this infatuation end?
condition and resources of the Mexican republic,
“ Fearful Discovery.--We were favoured by and the character of its citizens.
yesterday's mail with a letter from New Orleans, The writer commences his article with a review
of May 1st. (says the Jacksonville Observer,) in
which we find that an important discovery had
of the Mexican population. He says:
been made a few days previous, in that city. 6. The United States of Mexico formed their
The following is an extract:-"Four days ago, constitution in 1824, upon the plan of our Fede-
as some planters were digging under ground, || ral Union. The deviations are but trifling.-19
they found a square room containing 11,000 stand States and 4 Territories, these last all in the north
of arms, and 15,000 cartridges; each of the car and on our frontiers,compose the confederation. A
tridges containing a bullet." The negroes, it is | President is elected for four years, and cannot be
said, intended to rise as soon as the sickly scason re-elected. A Senate of two members from each
began, and obtain possession of the city massa State, and a Deputy for each 80,000 population,
creeing the planters and white population. The form the Congress.
same letter states that the mayor had prohibited Every man at eighteen years of age becomes
the opening of Sunday Schools for the instruc a voter; no other qualification is required. There
tion of blacks, under a penalty of FIVE HUN is no distinction of property, taxation, or color.
DRED DOLLARS for the first offence, and for the Indians and Mestizos, negroes and mulattoes, are
second, DEATH!!!”
equally free citizens and voters. Although ne-
groes are but few, there is a negro General in the
army. This is considered a great improvement
THE MEXICANS, IN 1830.
over our federal constitution, which acknowl.
A very interesting article under the above title, | edges all men as free and equal, yet allows of
appeared in a Philadelphia publication, a few negro slavery and Indian oppression.
The population of the Mexican States is nearly
months since. It purports to be a translation from eight millions. It has increased ever since 1794,
the manuscript of a traveller; and from the when it was only 5,200,000 and even during the
apparent candour exhibited in the language of civil war of the revolution and independence,
the article itself, together with the coroborating || calculated that 300,000 have perished in these
since in 1806 it was only 5,500,000 although it is
testimony derived from other sources, we have no wars and troubles. It is annually increasing, since
doubt of its authenticity and general correctness. in 1825 it was only 6,850,000. This population
is divided as follows:
The very interesting attitude which the Mex-
ican nation has latterly assumed among the civi-
1. The most numerous are the unmixed Indians,
which are about four millions.
lized and independent nations of the earth, and 2. The Mestizos or offspring of Spaniards,
the important bearing which so powerful a go and Indians, about two millions.
vernment of coloured people must in future have
3. The Creoles, are about 1,200,000.'
4. The Zambos, or offspring of Indians and
upon the destinies of this slave holding republic, Negroes, about 600,000 including the Mulattoes
are well calculated to awaken the reflections of of white and black blood and many of mixt origin.
every christian philanthropist. Admitting that
5. The Negroes, about 100,000.
the states of this Union may be permitted to up-reduced to 10,000, were 80,000 before the revo
6. Guachupins, or Spaniards born in Spain, now
hold this iniquitous system of slavery for fifty | lution and late expulsion.
years to come,-the situation of things must then 7. The Esteros, or strangers of various nations,
be awful in the extreme! No intelligent man, in English, French, Italian, German, Americans,
&c. about 15,000.
* his sober senses, can doubt that the whole of the Their relative population evinces that the la-
West Indian archipelago will be completely rid || dians and Mestizos form the bulk of the pation,
of that system within much less time, and the and now having equal rights are surely to rule it
at a future time. The Guachupins were once
governments thereof administered principally by || the rulers; the Creoles have succeeded them, and
the now despised and maltreated coloured race. been compelled to admit the Indians (whom they
The population of those islands may, at the pe.
nick.name unrational! calling themselves ration.
riod mentioned, be estimated, perhaps, at fifteen al !) to equal rights, in order to carry on the
struggle of the revolution, which could not have
millions—that of the Mexicans, at thirty millions been achieved without their help; but they fore-
-while the coloured inhabitants of the United see that power cannot last long in their hands.,
and wisely try to amalgamate the casts. None
States, without adverting to the numerous Indian
but the most deluded try to stem the current of
tribes within our borders, will probably enumerate | irresistable number, power, and future sway.
eight or ten millions more. All these will (if the These Indians, 80 much calumniated, are by
present system of unmitigated slavery continues) | far better than the Spaniards and Creoles in many
respects. They are mild, gentle, industrious,
be actuated by every natural feeling of enmity | good, honest and kind: they love each other,
towards us;--and what may we then expect from I respect their parents, never steal, cheat, desolve,
t
21


56
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
&
10
nor lie. This applies to the bulk of them, who left their masters in the war or were freed by
are all commonly cultivators, or to nine out of them. In ail the sugar plantations this was found
ten. Those who live in the cities, or near them, very advantageous to the owners. One hundred
are more or less tainted by the vices of the Cre- free negroes, although receiving double wages
oles, and exceed them in iheir thirst for pulque than the Indians, are found to produce as much
and aguardiente. While far from the towns they || sugar as two hundred do in Cuba, without the
are quite sober: intoxication, however has not owners supporting their wives and children; or
the same effect on them as on the northern to produce froin 500 to 700 dollars each in sugar,
tribes. Pulque, or the beer of Maguey, is not at a mere salary of 150 or 200 dollars. These
stronger than spruce beer, and merely renders negroes are, however, overpaid, and are in con-
them heavy and stupid; and the aguardiente is a sequence become drunkards, vicious and unruly.
bad kind of Spanish brandy; it makes them ra- || Indians, if properly taught, would perform the
ther sullen, seldom poisy, and never outageous. same labour at half price. The Indians dislike
It is not in the vicinity of towns that they must
the negroes,
and yet intermarry with them with-
be judged; it is only in their villages and fields out much difficulty. Their offspring, called
that they are seen to advantage, in their genuine || Zambos, are very hardy and clever; they appear
simplicity and worth.
to be best calculated to bear the pestiferous cli-
Their physical character is somewhat different mate of the Lowlands, and not liable to the black
from the northern tribes. They are commonly | vomit that there attacks the whites, the Indians,
of a ruddy complexion, rather small, the highest and even the negroes.
men seldom exceed five and a half feet; many The Mestizos (or half-breeds, as called else-
have aquiline noses and large eyes. There is, where,) unite the good qualities of their respec-
however, much diversity, according to the tribes. tive parents. They are handsome, active, in-
In Zacatecas and the mountains they are as white dustrious and gentle, while the females are often
as the Creoles, and the women are beautiful, || handsomer than the Creoles.”
whiter than the Creole ladies, and even with
rosy cheeks.
The whites in the Mexican republic, are divi-
The Indians make excellent soldiers, both in- || ded into three classes the Esteros, strangers;
fantry and cavalry. Before the revolution the the Guachupins, natives of Spain; and the Creoles,
Spaniards did not allow them the use of fire arms;
now they are armed and trained as militia.-' || descendants of Spaniards, born in Mexico. The
They feel their strength and yet do not abuse it first are generally favorites with the Indians,
The Creoles at least are the leaders in nearly all provided they conform to their customs. They
the strifes and civil commotions. By the military
laws now in operation, owing to the war with | find no difficulty in intermarrying with Creoles,
Spain not being ended yet, all citizens, the Indi- || if they embrace the Catholic religion. The
ans of course included, must serve for three || North Americans were once the most favoured;
years in the army, from eighteen to twenty-one.
Each state has an army, from which a rate is sent “but the English ascendancy, and late occurren-
to the Federal army, now confined to 25,000 | ces, have changed the scale.” The second are
After these three years active service, considered by the great mass of the people as
they are enrolled in the militia and allowed to
return home; but liable to be called upon again at
inimical to the new order of things, and viewed
any emergency. Thus a formidable army and in the light of the Tories of the United States.
militia is formed, mostly native Indians, who | Many of them have been expelled the country,
may be called upon to perform important actions
in future, and perhaps to revenge the wrongs of
as the loyalists were subsequent to the revolution
the Indian race over the posterity of all their in these States. The third class, or Creoles, have
oppressors to the north and south.
been in power since the expulsion of the Span-
Thus the descendants of the ancient Mexican | iards, as above mentioned. But in order to give
and other tribes subdued by the Spaniards, and
the reader a correct idea of their relative stand-
either enslaved or made abject vassals, are be.
come freemen. Every village bas an Indian Al- ||ing in community, we again quote our Author:
calde or Chief, now elected every two years. In
the villages where hereditary Chiefs or Cazics || many with the Indians, who are gradually becom-
They occupy all the offices, sharing however
were retained, they are commonly re-elected | ing the majority in Congress and the State Legis-
every time, being so much respected by their laiures. The two classes are merging or blending
people."
under the revived national name of Mexicans,
Our author next adverts to the religious per- but the wealth and knowledge of the Creoles will
formances of the inhabitants, &c. A great por perhaps balance for a long while the numbers
tion of them embrace the Catholic faith; but || and votes of the Indians. The Mestizos, although
siding with the Indians, form a mutual link of
among those of the purest Indian blood, many
some influence between the two above classes.”
of the rites of the ancient religion are still ad-
The article, under review, is quite too long
hered to, and, indeed, the influence of the
Church is losing its hold on them, and liberal
to dispose of in one number of this work. In
our next we shall introduce his views of Mexican
opinions are fast gaining ground. Protestant
politics. His statement relative to the resources
Christianity will, no doubt, soon find a footing
there.
of the nation, are also very interesting, and will
Speaking of the African decendants, the author | be duly noticed.
remarks:
“Slavery has been happily abolished without ference with their local concerns, and Benton's project for the
. Among these late occurrences" were Poinsett's inter
difficulty; the negroes and maleto slaves either Il nequäition of Texat.-Ed. G. V. E.
men.
19


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCPATION.
57
tures.
PRINCIPALLY CONDUCTED BY A LADY.
.
BP
3.
ch
1
-
21
ie
be
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
Ladies' Repository.
of our country women exhibit for the wrongs and
misery of such numbers of their fellow crea-
Philanthrophic and Literary.
Had slavery never existed in the United
States, and a proposition was made at this day,
to introduce the system as it now stands- to
CRUELTY.
“ I would not number in my list of friends,
plunge two millions of human beings into a state
(Though graced with polished manners and fine sense, of vile servitude,---make woman's hitherto sacred
Yet wanting sensibility) the man
form an article of merchandize in the open mar-
Who heedlessly sets foot upon a worm:”
How often is this sentence repeated and its ket place, and mark the infant in the smiling
innocence of his cradle years, for a destiny of
sentiment admired, nay, perhaps acted upon, by
those who, while they would not willingly de- ignominy, chains and wretchedness,--would not
stroy the meanest insect, yet unscrupulously sup- every female heallt throb with indignation,
port a system, and become associates in the op- every cheek be wet with tears, every lip quiver
with the earnestness of its entreaties that so
pression by which millions of human beings are
trodden down by the feet of their brethren into dark a stain of shame and guilt might be avert-
ed from our conntry.
There would be an
the very dust of humiliation, and their hearts
universal manifestation of opposing sentiment
crushed and mangled with unpitying inhumanity!
If to those who love their Creator, every living
from our sex, and every means would be em.
thing is dear for his sake,--if it be sinneedlessly ployed by them for the prevention of such an
evil. Yet what difference in guilt is there,
to torture the meanest reptile, or sport with the
between the adoption and retention of practices
pangs of even the venomous serpent--how much
the more should christian hearts be filled with
of cruelty ? what is wrong in its commencement
must certainly remain so during its continuation,
tenderness towards those whose souls are immor-
and slavery does and ever must render its sup-
tal as their own-how much the more, shrink
from any participation in the guilt of deliberately porters liable to the imputation of inhumanity.
heaping hot coals of agony upon a brother's heart. COLOURED FEMALE FREE PRODUCE SOCIETY.
Compassion and mercy are peculiarly the at We begin to grow proud of our countrywomen.
tributes of woman's nature, and in ail the wide | For a long time we could not ihink only with deep
range of excellencies with which her character mortification of their unworthy negligence of the
may be adorned, there are none which can atone piteous call of their suffering fellow creatures.
for the absence of these qualities. Every woman In England societies were forming in almost
therefore should be interested in preserving these every corner and section of the country. Here
virtues unsullied in the bosom of her sex, and only one existed, to cheer with its usefulness
zealous to remove any cause by which they are and activity the broad waste of inertness that
liable to be uprooted and dishonoured. That it surrounded it. But the prospect is now growing
is in the natuie of slavery to produce these brighter. There are luminous spois rising over the
effects, cannot be doubted by any one who will gloomy horison. The thought of our country's
give the most cursory attention to the subject. Dixon and Greenfield rises like a beacon of hope
The frequent or continual presence of scenes of | amidst its darkness, and the many manifestations
human suffering and degradation, must tend to
of an increasing interest in the fate of those who
deaden the finer feelings, and render callous to have been so long suffered hopelessly to perish
the voice of pity, those hearts that would once
beneath the curse of slavery, seem to offer a con-
have shared every pang endured by the unhappy || solatory promise that a happier day is yet in store
sufferers. There is abundant evidence to prove for them.
that it is so. Our memory is crowded with cor It is especially pleasing to us that so many of our
roborative facts. It is evinced by the revolting, I coloured sisters have united entering the field
but not unfrequent exibition of female names, of Emancipation. If we have hitherto said but
attached to slave advertisements, in the southern | little respecting their Association, it was not be-
newspapers; by the circumstance of woman's cause we have beheld its formation and progress
80 often claiming her fellow creatures as property with indifference, for the remeinbrance of it sel-
- buying or selling them, tasking them for her dom crosses our thought without bringing with it
service, ordering the infliction of the lash, and a feeling of exultation. Their promptness and
sometimes herself superintending their punish- numbers are a reproach to the inactive careless
ment. Nay, the very existence of slavery in our ness of so many of their wbite sisters: and we
country, in itself establishes the truth of our rea- sincerely hope they will persevere undiscouraged
soning for what is there but their long familiar in the noble course they have commenced. To
knowledge of that circumstance to account for bear of their activity and usefulness will al-
the strange want of sympathy which so many ways be a high pleasure to us, and we wish that
1
1
i
1
1


58
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
their excellent example may not be lost either world no doubt would bestow its meed of praise
upon their sisters of a fairer hue, or those of their on such an individual and high eulogy be poured
own colour in other places. We rejoice also on out lavishly from ten thousand lips, we doubt
their own accounts at the step they have taken; whether the sacrifice would be as acceptable in
it is one that is calculated to raise them both in the sight of Heaven, and would betoken far less
their own respect, and that of others, and in itself disinterested love for the human family, than the
to contribute to the elevation of their characters. same acts performed unobtrusively, and with
We learn that some of our friends of the Free scarce a hope of their benefitting a single indi-
Cotton Association have at different times met
vidual. Great things are not expected from our
with them, and that a number of their members
sex. It is unity of purpose that we want ; re-
have attended the meetings of that society. These peated, untiring exertions, no more visible in their
manifestations of reciprocal good feeling afford single effects than one stroke of the spade or the
us much pleasure, and both societies have our
pickaxe, and yet capable in their completion of
warmest wishes for their prosperity and advance. | opening a channel by which the death-breathing
waters of oppression may escape from our land,
ment in usefulness.
and the mountains of injustice, which now rise like
TERSEVERANCE.
unsightly excrescences on her else beautiful pro-
It has been remarked by Dr. Johnson that « all | portions,“ be removed and cast into the sea' of
the performances of human art, at which we look | non-entity and oblivion.
with praise or wonder, are instances of the re-
sistless force of perseverance : it is by this that
NEUTRALITY.
the quarry becomes a pyramid, and that distant
There is no neutral ground' lying between
countries are united by canals. If a man was
the opponents and the upholders of slavery,
to compare the effect of a single stroke of the || which may serve as a retreat for the indolence or
pickaxe, or of one impression with a spade, with the indifference of the uninterested observer.
the general design and last result, he would be The very circumstance of remain ing inactive,
overwhelmed with the sense of their dispropor-leagues those who are so, to the cause of the op-
tion : get those petty operations, incessantly
pressor, and weakens the hands of the support.
continued, in time surmount the greatest diffi-
ers of emancipation. Slavery can be annihilated
culties ; and mountians are levelled, and oceans | peaceably only by the potency of the public
bounded, by the slender force of human beings."
voice, and when that commands its downfall, it
The correctness of this observation is abun- I can endure no longer.
dantly made manifest by the knowledge or ex Surely then it is the duty of those who are
perience of every one. Nor are the effects of | friendly to the cause of abolition, to give such
a succession of almost imperceptible efforts, as action to their wishes, as may enable justice to
siduously directed to one object, more remarkably | know her own adherents; and can they be other-
apparent in manual industry, than mental labours | wise than culpable, who, continuing to lend their
or moral reformation. To those who are with support to slavery by the use of its productions,
holding their hands from doing good to the cause deprive its opponents not only of the benefit of
of Emancipation from an apprehension of their their numerical strength, but of the effect of their
own weakness, we may offer the above paragraph | example upon others? We have seldom-that
presenting strong grounds for encouragement, and we recollect at present never-conversed with
as strikingly pointing out the duty of casting || any person upon the subject, who did not ac.
their help and their influence into its treasury, || knowledge that if abstinence from slave produce
though their offering should seem, in their own were steadily persevered in by a sufficient num-
estimation, even less than the “two mites which ber of persons, it would secure the accomplisha
make a 'farthing.” We would also put our ment of its object. And how strange is it, that
readers upon reflecting, whether they do indeed with such sentiments, so few are willing to adopt
restrain those offerings only from a sense of their the plan they approbate. Those who act con-
unworthiness, or whether the plea is not often | sistently in other points, in this seem totally for-
made use of as an excuse for indolence or selfish | getful of their professions; and even the fine
Could the work of Emancipation be at || sympathies of woman scarcely vibrate beneath
once completed, by the practice of such exer the touch of compassion for the sufferings of the
tions and acts of self denial in one individual as slave. She looks upon the delicate drapery of
we wish to see general among our sex, there are her form, and not a thought of the unhappy be.
few females who would not with rapture performing by whose extorted toil its material was ſur-
a task to which was annexed such a glorious nished, disturbs her self-complacency. The des
triumph, and such a rich reward. Yet though the spairing death-cry of the victim, perishing at the
ness.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
59
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
to,
stake, never comes with its long echo to mar the By tiger hearted men--no more to see,
pleasures of her banquet; nor the heavy fall of | Nor ever more embrace parental arms
Nor parents them enjoy; but pine away
the red lash, beneath whose every stroke the hot | Their days, with thoughts of wo they're destin'd
blood spouts up, from the torn flesh of perhaps
an unoffending female; or the shriek and sob of Among thy many crimes, oh! Christendom,
Not one more complicated, one more black
agony when the heated iron does its office, and
Than this--Men too are taught to fight.
the indelible brand of servitude is stamped upon
See Afric's sons, from thirst of gain (conferd)
the quivering flesh. But she lays none of these With reeking blades, nor pity taught to show,
Nor wont to yield, fall welt'ring in their blood!
things to her heart. She turns revoltingly from
See captur'd wretches, marched now along
the recital, and strives to forget the knowledge Toward the ship; nor dare they turn an eye
of their existence, instead of endeavouring to To bid farewell their country or their friends;
rouse all over whom she may have any influ- But hastened are on board the sailing bark,
Where close confin’d, beneath the deck they're
in
ence, to aid in the extinction of the system,
bound,
which such horrors originate. Yet she may well | Midst noxious stench-where many pine and
die!
listen with a shuddering heart, when such narra-
Parents compellid, must quit their golden coast,
tives are sometimes forced upon the unwilling | Rent from their babes--husband and wife must
ear; for these and all the long list of human suffer part
ings, consequent upon slovery, are perpetuated by the || And bid adieu--heart broken sighs ascend!
How wish'd for now, the stroke of death im-
use of its productions.
plor'd
That king of terrors to the human breast,
Is now most sought-no remedy but this.
The following interesting poetic article was
To free from bonds, free from the galling yoke-
recently communicated to the editor of the Ge. See black despair--the swollen breast ascends
nius of Universal Emancipation, by an highly | on deck, and resolute to end his woe,
Plunges himself into the watery main!
esteemed female friend in Philadelphia. It was Nor does he dread at all the griin jaw'd shark;
written, many years since, by Elisha Thornton, But meets of choice the monster's deadly fangs.
a minister of the gospel, of high standing, in the
The few poor drooping souls who reach the
Isles,
Society of Friends, at New Bedford Massachu-
Are like the beasts of burden, scourged on,
setts. It is a touching appeal to the heart of In hunger, thirst and toil, 'till Death release!
philanthropy. . We bespeak for it an attentive || Why Neptune ever taught to plow the deep!
Why e'er Columbia's ships were wafted o’er!
perusal from our readers.
Or why this western world at all explor'd,
To prove the seat of woe--untimely gravem
ON THE SLAVE TRADE.
Of many milions of that sable race!
Almighty Father, thine the righteous cause, Alas! alas! for Britain, France, and Spain,
Nor does the muse presume the task (tov great Alas! for you, our states, why long combin'd
For mortal man) without a deep felt need To tyrannize--vain the attempt to joy-
of holy aid; may thou inspire the theme.--
Tott'ring our peace-a baseless fabric stands,
Long groaned the seed beneath the heavy task, While thus exulting in righteous gain.--
Where Nilus' flood o'erflows her fertile banks. In vain or states shall bail the youthful morn
Where Pharoah proud, with adamantine heart, Of peaceful Independence, in our land,
Exulted long, exulted in the wo
”Till Afric's sons to liberty's restored.
Of Jacob's seed, till tenfold vengeance sent Oh may the late catastrophe suffice,
To plagd their cause, to set the captive free. When like the mountain cataract, wild waste
Lo! Afric's children, they in bondage too, O'erspread, and ravag'd through a flourishing
Long griev'd, without a corresponding sigh,
Jand.
To soothe their languid hearts; save in a few, That woful day--in which we left to dash
Who echo'd back their agonizing moan.
With Britain's sons, as earthern pitchers brake.
Come feeling heart and view the tragic scene, Thou Spirit benign! wby stay'd thy furbish'd
Come view the massacre on Afric's shore,
sword?
A scene of blood, shed by uninjured men, Why not provok'd to send us famine too?
Bý men who worship at the shrine of gain; With pestilence, thy terror striking rod'
By men who bow in mammon's temple, where To scourge the world, for crimes of deepest dye,
They sacrifice, where they their birth-right's sell || But gracious thou! our eyes unclos'd to see
For pottage poor, their hands imbue in blood. Grim tyranny, that monster from beneath,
Most horrible the havoc made of men;
Who sits proud regent of the lowest abyss.
Detested more, by how much they profess May Britain fraught with Clarksons multiply'd,
The sacred name, the name of bim who bled And may our
states with Woolmans meek
For sinful man! not causing men to bleed.
abound,
What but the charms of gold, alluring wealth? With Benezets, conspire to plead their cause.--
What but a loss to every sense of good?
May ruling powers, too, unite with these
What but some Demon from the lowest pit, And set the captive free--then peace shall flow.
Could stimulate the noble mind of man,
God bless our states, unite them in a band.
To deeds so black, under the gospel day!
To kidnap little children as they pass,
Or while the sultry hours by them are spent,
We are pleased with youthful philanthropy. -
In pretty prattle, by some golden brook,
Here is an unfledged Muse."-But tho’ its
Or in some cooling bower-10, snatch'd away pinion is green in age, its eye is aloft, roaming
!


60
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
ELA.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
the etherial expanse.
Anon its flight will be of inhumanity to our bosoms! let not her fearful
voice of upbraiding tingle in our ears with re.
more daring, and its soaring high.
proaches for cruelty and hardheartedness! Let
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation. not the forms of the thousands of our own sex
JUVENILE ADVICE.
who are pining a way their lives in misery and
Rise, freemen, rise! the call goes forth; ignominy, flit around us at that hour, like tormen.
List to the high command--
ting spirits, accusing us of withholding our hands
Obedience to the word of God,
from their succour, and instead of raising them,
Throughout this mighty land.
when we might have done so, from the pit idio
Rise, free the slave! oh! burst his chains; which they were fallen, of taking part with their
His fetters cast ye down;
oppressors in plunging them still deeper amidst
Let virtue be your country's pride,
its darkness.
Her diadem and crown,--
That the blest day may soon arrive,
From the Anti-Masonic Register.
When equal all shall be,
THE QUESTION.
And freedom's banner waving high
What is the prospect of the Emancipationists?
Proclaim that all are free. HARRIET. Do they look through the long vista of retros.
pection on the days, the years of fatigue and toil,
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
and ceaseless anxiety, and find that the effects of
their excitations amount only to a cypher? Do
THE GRAVE STONES.
they anticipate the future, and see a succession of
" Oh the Gravc! the Grave!”
toil and privation, in reserve to compensate their
In passing along the New York canal, during efforts? Do they behold on every side broth-
last summer, my attention was attracted by the
ers, and sisters, writhing in excessive agony, now
sight of one or two white tombstones, which extending their trembling hands, or raising their
stood at a short distance from the water, on the swollen and tearful eyes, imploring compassion
side of an uneven bill, with no enclosure about
and assistance? Must they behold these and feel
them, and not even a tree or shrub nigh, to re-
that they can only pity? Doth the rushing of the
lieve their aspect of bleak loneliness. The grave north wind, and the gentle fanning of the wes.
is always an eloquent teacher; whether it lie
tern zephyr, alike bear on their wings the moans
annid the close walls of a crowded city, or amongers: In the midst of scenes which daily present
and heart-rending sighs of the unhappy suffer-
the silent fields and flower fringed water courses,
or deep in the bosom of the wilderness, alike dis-
mementoes of their wrongs, must they feel that
tant from the dwelling places of living men and they can do nothing to lessen the weight of their
the company of the quiet people of the church-
woes? No, no; prospects brighter far, are theirs.
yard; whether it be marked by a poinpous little has been done, they see that the founda.
When they review the past, though little, very
niausoleum, or only a slight swelling of the green
turf; wbether it be wrapped over the cold re-
tion of a mighty fabric has been laid, that the
mains of what was once the home of the earth's glorious work has commenced, has progressed
most gifted spirit, or fold in its dark embraces
too far to be easily retarded. They behold the
the ashes of some nameless mendicant, still there night shades of prejudice retiring; the day has
comes from its silent recesses a tone of mystery
dawned! the orient sky is streaked with light
and awe, that wakens a responsive thrill in the
that precedes the rising of freedom's sun in pur-
cuids of almost every human bosom.
est brightness. The field of labour is extensive.
There is one who will remember to have stood
It enlarges at almost every view. The crime of
with me beside a quiet place of graves, when the slavery is of greatest magnitude, and must first
beautitul moonbeams slept on the white monu-
be removed; but not with the accession of the
ments, hushing insensibly the meriment of our
people of color to the rights of freemen, are the
hearts, with their pure and exceeding brightness,
exertions of the friends of justice to cease. No!
and fitting us to listen heedfully to the solemn, they must labour long, and hard, and faithfully
but not their painful lesson of the page of death? || -- undergo another series of privations, face new
That scene, spoke only of the tranquillity and dangers, and encounter enemies more formida.
dable than a host of southern planters. Every
peacefulness of the sepulchre: though surrounded
by the homes of men, and all the earthliness of obstacle that presents serves but to incite them to
erring humanity, within there was the hush | greater diligence. They feel the calm satisfac-
of an undisturbed calmness, and the soft moon-
tion attendant upon a faithful discharge of duties
light ſell upon it like a blessing of peace on the
to be an ample compensation for the hardships
soul of the departing righteous, separating it from they have endured in the fulfilment thereof.
all the turmoil and vanity of earthly passions. But They look to him to whom they owe those du-
those lonely and unguarded graves left exposed ties; and if he but smile upon the undertaking,
to be trodden over by the rude foot of the beasts
vain and impotent will be every effort of human
of the field, with the hot sun basking upon them
wisdom to overthrow it.
in noontide sultriness, and tall weeds flourishing
Philadelphia, 7th mo. 17, 1831.
luxuriantly around them, seemed to shadow out
the dreary and unsupported condition of that soul,
Che Olio.
from which the tares of evil had not been up-
rooted, and which is sumnioned, unprepared, 10
enter into the presence of its Eternal Judge. It
is well sometimes to think upon the grave. To
gather to our hearts solemn images of the last We have received one of the rejected essays,
hour, and to enquire of lethargic conscience, || submitted to the inspection of the committee of
what errors of neglect or thoughtlessness she will || the Pennsylvania Abolition Society, by which
then bring forward to our recollection, to add to the premium of fifty dollars was recently award-
the lerrors and darkness that are gathering over ed to Evan Lewis for that inserted in the Genius
our souls. Ob let her not send the awful charge ll of Universal Emancipation for the last month.
ELIZA,
NOTICES COMMUNICATIONS-SELECTIONS.
TO CORRESPONDENTS.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
61
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
***
3
This essay is of moderate length, and will pro-
bably appear in our next.
A very interesting letter from a gentleman,
at present in Washington, was received a short
time since, principally treating on the subject of
African Colonization. Owing to the absence
of the editor, and not having his papers with
it has remained unnoticed. It will shortly
be attended to.
While the editor is from home, he hopes
that his correspondents will excuse every una-
voidable inattention.
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
POLAND.
"Let struggling Poland now be free!"
Is rung aloud, from sea to sea,
While every patriot in the land
Is lending her his heart or hand,
Let us begin this side the wave-
First rid our country of the slave-
Then with hearts pure, and unstain'l hands,
We'll go, and join the feeble bands,
That Freedom seek in other lands.
i
A. Z.
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
THE SLAVE'S FAREWELL.
DOINGS AT WASHINTON.
List! on the ev'ning gale.
Is this KIDNAPPING!--In hopes of stumbling
Is wafted a plaintive strain;
on a reward, B arrests an Ethiopean, and commits
List! it is woman's wail,
him to prison on suspicion of his being a slave.
O’er hopes that in dust are lain.
No evidence is offered of his being such, but cir-
Feelings, to nature true,
cumstances prevent his proving his freedom. No
Have prompted the tear to start;
one claims him, and he must now be sold for his
List! 'tis a mothers Adieu,
jail ſees. Cpuri hases him at the jailors sale for
And wrung from a broken Heart! one dollar, and sells him for four hundred dollars,
• Fath.er! from thee is borne
and the unfortunate finds himself transfered from
The theme of thy hopes and fears;
the Washington to the Alexandria jail, for safe
Mother! from thee is torn
keeping, till an opportunity is offered of sending
The prop of thy hoary years.
him to the southern market. This case happened
« Farewell, to your mutual care,
a few days since in this city. What should so-
Farewell, to a Husband's smile,
ciety award to a wretch who could buy a fellow-
Babes! I must leave you here,
creature for one dollar, and sell him into hopeless
To suffer and toil awhile!
bondage for four hundred? Noble speculation !!
“ Sisters! the dream is o'er,
We wish our distant readers to bear in mind
I'm dragged from my native plains;
that these things are done under the sanction of
Brothers! we meet no more,
laws passed by their representatives. They
« Till Death hath snapt these chains!'
should therefore look to it. “ Hail, Columbia!!"
" But these chains ere long will break,
-- American Specialor.
And Death will ransom the Slaye,
We know not, more than our neighbour of the
Hope whispers, I soon shall wake.
Spectator, what's
society should award to the
In freedom, beyond the Grave."
wretch who would buy a fellow creature,” as
Washington, Aug. 8th. 1831.
H. above stated;--but it is very certain that while
laws exist, which will protect this kind of specu-
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation. lation, there will be those found who will avail
SELF-INTEREST.
themselves of the protection. Indeed it seems
Oh, Self-interest! how potent, how peryading like holding out temptation to those whose vir-
is thy influence! how numerous thy votaries! tue is scarcely a match for their avarice-it
By the mighty spell of thy enchantment the proud | would almost savour of cruelty. What! bait the
keel is made to plough the rugged ocean wave, || hook, and punish for biting!! If there is not
and the secret recesses of nature's bosom are enough practical republicanism and christianity,
made to yield their golden treasures. Man, too, or some redeeming principle, in the minds of the
in the scale of being a little lower than the an mass of our fellow citizens to make them feel
gels-upon whose brow is stamped the image of indignant at such proceedings-cause them to
his Almighty Maker-is made to sacrifice his show by a unanimous disapproving voice, that
dearest and most sacred rights at thy unholy || that they will not longer be identified with such
shrine. Tell it not in Africa, publish it not on cruelty and injustice—alas for slandered, libel-
the banks of the Ganges, that they who profess | led Liberty, in the United States! Let her
to be guided by a contrary, and a purer princi- || henceforth take up her residence in monarchical
ple, are among the foremost and most abject of Europe, where man cannot bind the chains of
thy votaries!-that thy most servile slaves are || personal slavery on his fellow man.
those who call themselves followers of the Prince
of Peace.“ Under thy baneful influence, the sa-
From the New Jersey State Gazette of 16th ult:
ble daughter of Africa may seek her banian soli-
tudes, to mourn in silence for a wretched brother, || SLAVERY IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
stolen from her side,-or the frantic father may
At a meeting of the citizens of Burlington,
rave in wild despair for the infant darling of his held at the city hall, on the 28th of June, to take
aged years, sold to slavery in a foreign clime,
into consideration the propriety of petitioning
"Where fiends torment, and Christians thirst for gold.” Congress for the gradual abolition of slavery
Under thy destroying infiuence, the Red Man within the District of Columbia, George Allen
of the forest may traverse, in sullen gloom, the was called to thc chair, and Samuel R. Gummere
western wilds, in search of some lone spot that appointed secretary.
he can call bis home—but he may search in vain. After the object of the meeting had been sta-
Or the aged warrior may be in vain to be per-| ted, in an address from the Chair, and a few ob-
mitted to breathe his last sigh in that dear land || servations from other individuals enforcing the
where his less persecuted ancestors are reposing. necessity of the measure, the following reso-
A. Z.
lutions were adopted unanimously:


62
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
memo-
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
Resolved, That a committee of three be ap. turned out on Sunday night last, and murdered
pointed to prepare
a draught of a
several whole families, amounting to 40 or 50
rial, embracing the object we have in view; || individuals. Some of the families were named,
and that Dr. N. W. Cole, Thomas Collins, and and among them was that of Mrs. Catharine
Samuel R. Gummere, be that committee. Whitehead, sister of our worthy townsman, Dr.
Resolved, That a committee of six be appoint- || N. C. Whitehead- who, with her son and five
ed to obtain signatures to the memorial, within daughters, fell a sacrifice to the savage ferocity
the township of Burlington.
of these demons in human shape.
Resolved, That a committee of three be ap. The insurrection was represented as one of a
pointed to correspond with similar committees | most alarming character, though it is believed to
within the county of Burlington, or with indivi- || have originated only in a design to plunder, and
duals, there or elsewhere, as they may think not with a view to a more important object-as
proper, in order to promote our object.
Mrs. Whitehead being a wealthy lady, was sup.
The committee appointed in accordance with posed to have a large sum of money in her
the second resolution, were Caleb Gaskill, Tho-house. Unfortunately a large number of the ef-
mas Aikman, Thomas Collins, Robert Thomas, fective male population was absent at Camp
Thomas Datton, and George P. Mitchell. Meeting in Gates county, some miles off, a cir:
The committee appointed under the third re. cumstance which gave a temporary security to
solution, were Saunuel Emlen, Thomas Collins, || the brigands in the perpetration of their butcher
and Samuel R. Gummere.
ries; and the panic which they struck at the mo.
The committee appointed to prepare a draught || ment prevented the assembling of a force suffi.
of a memorial, after a short absence, reported cient to check their career.
one which was approved by the meeting, and As soon as the intelligence was received, our
delivered to the committee appointed to obtain | authorities met and decided on making an imme-
signatures.
diate application to Col. House, commanding at
Believing it desirable to call public attention Fortress Monroe, who at 6 o'clock this morning
to the object in view, the meeting unanimously | embarked on board the steamboat Hampton, with
resolved, that the proceedings should be signed | three companies and a piece of artillery for Suf-
by the chairman and secretary, and published in folk. These troops were reinforced in the Roads
the Mount Holly and Trenton papers.
by detachments from the U. S. ships Warren
Gcorge Allen, Chairman.
and Natchez, the whole amounting to nearly
Samuel R. Gummere, Sec’ry.
800 men.
To day another express arrived from Suffolk,
confirming the disastrous news of the preceding
POSTCRIPT.
one, and adding still more to the number of the
INSURRECTION OF SLAVES IN VIRGINIA! slain. The insurgents are believed to have from
100 to 150 mounted men,
and about the sane
After the principal part of the matter for this
number on foot. They are armed with fowling
number of the Genius of Universal Emancipa- pieces, clubs, &c. and they had a rencontre with
tion was put in type, and nearly ready for the a small number of the militia, who killed six and
press, we received the following direful news
took eight of them prisoners. They are said to
be on their way to South Quay, probably mak.
from the lower part of Virginia. Here is the ing their way for the Dismal Swamp, in which
commencement of one act of this awful tragedy. || they will be able to remain for a short time in
Many whites have been destroyed, and it is security. For my part, I have no fears of their
feared that many more will meet a similar fate. I duing much further mischief. There is very lit-
tle disaffection in the slaves generally, and they
Then the scenery will be shifted, and the blacks cannot muster a force sufficient to effect any ob-
will be slaughtered in their turn. Alas! who can || ject of importance. The few who have thus
contemplate these things, without exclaiming: | Jown like crows, or captured and made exam-
rushed headlong into the arena, will be shot
Cursed be he that first introduced, and he that || ples of. The militia are collecting in all the
strives to perpetuate, the oppressive system neighbouring counties, and the utmost vigilance
among us; from whose foul source such horrid prevails. I subjoin a list of the victims of their
evils flow! We have room for no further re-
savage vengeance.
Mrs. Waters and family, 14; Mrs. Whitehead,
marks at present.
7; Mrs. Vaughan, 5; Jacob Williams, 5; Mr.
The annexed letter, from the editor of the Travis, 5; William Reese, 4; Mr Williams, 3;
“ Norfolk Herald,” has been received at Balti- || Total, 58. Besides these, a private letter adds
Mr. Baines, 2; Mrs. Turner, 3; Unknown, 10.
more, and published in the daily papers of that the families of Mr. Barrow and Mr. Henry Bry-
city.
ant-numbers not mentioned.
Muskets, pistols, swords and ammunition have
“NORFOLK, 24th August, 1831. been forwarded to Suffolk to-day, by Com.
I have a horrible, a heart-rending tale to re Warrington, at the request of our civil authori.
late, and lest even its worst feature might be ties, and a number of our citizens have accoutred
distorted by rumour and exaggeration, I have
and formed themselves as troops of cavalry, and
thought proper to give you all the worst infor-
set off to assist their fellow-citizens in South-
mation, that has yet reached us through the best ampton. I trust the next news will be that all
sources of intelligence which the nature of the
is quiet again. In haste yours."
case will admit.
Èxtract of another letter to the same gentle-
A gentlemen arrived here yesterday express
from Suffolk, with intelligence from the upper
man, dated at Norfolk, 5 o'clock, P. M. “It is,
part of Southampton county, stating that a band Southampton is bounded by the counties of
of insurgent slaves (some of them believed to be Isle of Wight on the Northampton, in North
runaway from the neighbouring swamps) bad ll Carolina, on the South.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
63
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
91
THE FIRST MAN STEALER.
Dow 5 o'clock,—Thompson's stage has just ar-
HORRIBLE SENTENCE.
rived- the above statement is confirmed, and in
It is stated that a slave was to have been hung
addition states, that 300 negroes, well mounted
on the 19th inst. at Edgefield, S. C. for having
and armed, and headed by one or two white
ACCIDENTALLY set fire to a Cotton Factory !!
men, is the amount of the insurgent force."
A writer in a paper published in Augusta, Geor-
“ The Richmond Whig" rather intimates that gia, observes: “ It seems it was not his intention to
the danger is trifling;--but the following extract
commit so extensive an injury to the proprietors.
He thought he had exlinguished all the fire which he
of a letter, from that place, shows that serious
ACCIDENTALLY DROPT.
apprehensions exist for the safety of the white Was ever DESPOTISM carried to such an .ex-
inhabitants near the scene of trouble. We will treme before? A man HUNG for an accident !!!
hope that the account is exaggerated.
We challenge the Records of every nation, civili-
zed or “barbarous,” of ancient or modern times,
“ Richmond, Aug. 23. to produce a judicial sentence, more horribly un-
An express reached the Governor this morn.
just or purely tyranical.--And is this tolerated
ing, informing him that an insurrection had bro-
in a State which boasts of its attachment to the
ken out in Southampton, and that, by the last || principles of republican freedom, and even threat-
accounts, there were seventy whites massacreed,
ens resistance to the general government, for an-
and the militia retreating. Another express to imaginary trespass upon its constitutional rights?
Petersburg says that the blacks were continu-
Blinded despotic maniacs ! If you have enemies
ing their destruction; that three hundred militia | in this republic, among, those who sincerely pity
were retreating in a body, before six or eight your self-debasement and moral degradation,
hundred blacks. A shower of rain coming up | ibey would hail an overt act on your part, with
as the militia were making an attack, wet the joy; and justice would soon be meted to you for
powder so much that they were compelled to re-
your criminal deeds.
treat, being armed only with shot guns. The
But are there not, among the people of that
negroes are armed with muskets, scythes, axes,
region, those who possess courage and philantbro-
&c. &c. Our volunteers are marching to the phy enough to raise their voice against this
scene of action. A troop of cavalry left at four
o'clock, P, M. The artillery, with four field | acknowledged rights of every thing human?
monstrous outrage upon legal forms and the
pieces, start in the steamboat Norfolk, at six | Are there not “fifty righteousi to be found in
o'clock, to land at Smithfielda Southampton Sodom? There are indeed many virtuous in.
county lies 80 miles south of us, below Peters- || dividuals in that section of the country. Let
burg."
them make themselves known, and endeavour to
arrest the downward march to political and mor-
al perdition, whither the folly or the wickedness
John de Castilla has the infamy of standing of their rulers is hastening them.
first on the list of those whose villanies have
disgraced the annals of commerce.-Having
THE BLACK ASTRONOMER.- In the year 1739,
made a voyage to the Canaries in 1447, he was
and for several years afterward, Benjamin Ban-
dissatisfied with the cargo he procured; and by neker, a black man of Maryland, furnished the
way of indemnification ungratefully seized twen-
the public with an Almanac, which was exten-
ty of the natives of Gomera, who had assisted | sively circulated through the Southern States.
him, and brought them as slaves to Portugal. -- || He was a self-taught astronomer, and his calcu-
Prince Henry however, resented this outrage;
lations were so thorough and exact, as to excite
and after giving the captives some valuable pre-
the approbation and patronage of such men ag
Bents of clothes, restored them to freedom and
Pitt, Fox, Wilberforce, and other eminent men,
their native country. --Salem Observer.
by whom the work was produced in the British
The above can be true only of the modern Af- || House of Commons, as an argument in favour of
rican Slaye-trade. The Romans had slaves fron the inental cultivation of the blacks, with their
Africa; and kidnapping and the slave trade have || liberation from their unholy thraldom.
doubtless always and in all countries accompa-
nied slavery.
THE ABBE GREGOIRE.—This distinguished
There is a law in Exodus (21: 16) against kid- individual, who obtained so much celebrity by
napping,-a sufficient proof that the crime was the philanthropic spirit which pervaded his wri-
known in the days of Moses. A character in tings, died at Paris, on the 5th May, last. Long
one of the comedics of Terence is a young lady I will the enslaved African mourn the loss he has
of highly respectable parentage, who was kid- thus sustained.
napped and sold when a child. The crime evi-
dently was not unfrequent in Greece and Rome.
From Badger's Weekly Messenger.
Slavery, and doubtless many of its attendant
ODE FOR THE FOURTH OF JULY.
evils, existed even in England down to a com-
paratively late period. We have before us a
Hark! hark! from the mountains, a merry songs
copy of an act of manumission, granted to two | Loud, louder, it swells as it pours along,
slaves, in the year 1514-only about a century
It rouses the brave, and it fires the free,
before the settlement of this country-by Henry | And they join in a glorious JUBILEE!
VIII. It begins with stating that “ originally || To-day, they remember a nation's birth!
God created all men free, but afterwards the Defiance, –a strife,--and a teeming earth!
laws and customs of nations subjected some un-
And the work was done!-and the Eagle rose
der the yoke of servitude;" and then goes on to
In triumph o'er liberty's fallen foes.
manumit Henry Knight, tailor, and John Earle,
husbandman, " so as the said two persons, with || Bright legions appear, and their hearts are one,
their heirs,” should thenceforth á be deemed || To honour the deeds that their sires have done:
free and of free condition "-Journal of Huma- || And the veteran proudly uncovers his scars,
nity.
To greet his old banner of stripes and stars.


64
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
An anthem of joy, and a martial strain,
From the Village Record.
Bursts loud on the air ,-“O, ne'er again
STRANGE.
Shall a tyrant's voice, or a tyrant's hand,
An extraordinary fact has come to our know-,
Be heard, or felt in our happy land.
ledge. It is this: That negro dealers, or negro
hunters, come to reside in different parts of the
Yet hold !—there's a sound from a lonely glen,
county; and that when it suits their interests,
A sound like the clanking of felter'd men!
they are kidnappers, managing the matter thus:
Commingled with sighs, that a thought impart,
-One of these dealers .sees a likely fellow, no
Of a wounded pride, and a breaking heart.”
matter whether free or not, if he be friendless.
And are there yet hearts, on this festal day,
He obtains an exact description of his person,
That will not be happy, that cannot be gay? the particular marks by which he may be identi-
Who know not the joys that enrapture the free, fied. This description he makes to an accom.
That share not the prize of their chivalry!
plice below, who thereupon gets some one to
personate the master- they come up and arrest
Ah yes! there are those who are not unbound, the colored victim-their proofs are clear, swear-
Who may not respond to the joyous sound, ing is no obstacle, and the marks so well known
• That bids to the national revelry,
are freely given, and proof conclusive. We are
There's FREEDOM, poor NEGRO, but not for thee!
not able to say that such villainy has been suc. •
So he hides him away, in his lonely glen,
cessful, though we doubt it not; but we do know
that such a scheme has been laid- of which we
For he may not be seen among whiter men!
There he lifts his chains and he drops a tear,
shall speak more hereafter. This bint may leaa
And he heaves a sigh, that--his God will hear!
to vigilance, and check the infamous traffic. It
is time the public feeling, so long torpid, was
Oh! hearts that can feel another's woe!
aroused to the matter.
Oh! hands that can say to the captive, “ Go!”
Oh! voice, that exults in its liberty,
PREMIUM FOR RICE.
Say, now, to the African, “THOU ART FREE!” The sum of TWENTY DOLLARS will be
given as a premium, over and above the market
COL. JOHNSON OF KENTUCKY.
price, for Five Casks of Fresh Rice, of a good qua.
We have heard different versions of the follow- ' lity, raised by Free Labour, and delivered in Phi-
ing story. We simply record the fact, with the ladelphia, to Charles Peirce, before the ist of
single remark, that tens of thousands of southern | June next. (1832.)
gentlemen would be perfectly consistent in acting
The gentleman, above named, is well known
as Colonel Johnson is here said to have done; as a very respectable Grocer, in Philadelphia,
and that it is a very suitable theme for the reflec. || cular business to keep articles in his line that
who has for several years past, made it a parti.
tion of all.-G. U E.
“A Kentucky paper says that Colonel R. M. are exclusively the production of free labuur.
Johnson has a family of colored children-that The premium, together with the market price,
at the late 4th of July celebration, where he
will be promptly paid, on the delivery of The
was to deliver an address, he went in his carri- Rice, accompanied by proper reference and
age with one of his daughters--a well educat-
vouchers from some respectable person who is
ed girl, and introduced her into the room where known in Philadelphia.
ladies were dancing-that the ladies immediately
withdrew-and the comunittee told Col. Johnson
the daughter must retire. The Colonel rernou GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
strated, and said she was as accomplished as any
Vol. XII.
lady there. They replied it was not a question
even to be discussed-she must retire; and she known. It has been published ten years, and
The object and character of this work are well
was put in the carriage, &c."
circulates in all the States of this Union, in
From the Christian Advocate and Journal.
Canada, the West Indies, Europe, and Africa.
Bolivar, July 4, 1831. It is exclusively devoted to the subject of the
A more heart-rending act of villainy has rare-
Abolition of Slavery, on the American Continent
ly been committed than the following: On.Mon-
and Islands.
day, the 30th of May last, three children, viz.
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.
Elizabeth, ten years of age, Martha eight, and
The work will, henceforth, be issued monthly.
a small boy, name forgotten, all bright mulat- || It will be neatly printed, on fine paper, and fold
toes, were violently taken from the arms of theired in the octavo form, each number making sis.
mother, Elizabeth Price, a free woman of co-
teen large pages.
lour, living in Fayette county, Tennessee.- The price of subscription will be One Dollar
Strong suspicions rest upon two men, gone from per annum, always to be paid in advance.
thence to the state of Missouri; and it is ardent-
Subscribers who do not particularly specify the
ly hoped that the citizens of that state will inter-
time they wish to receive the work, or notify
est themselves in the apprehension of the rob-
the Editor of a desire to discontinue it, before
bers, and the restoration of the children. A
the expiration of each current year, will be con-
bandsome subscription has been raised in the sidered as engaged for the next succeeding one,
neighbourhood, to reward any person who may
and their bills will be forwarded accordingly.
restore them. Evitors of papers, and especially
Agents will be entitled to six copies for every
such as are in and coutiguous to the state of Mis- | five dollars remitted to the Editor, in current
souri, are requested to give the above an inser- | money of the United States.
tion.
All letters and communications, intended for
Any person possessing information on the sub- this office, must be addressed (free of expense)
ject, will please direct their communication to
to BENJAMIN LUNDY, Washington, D. C.
Joseph B. Littlejohn, Sommerville, Fayette A few copies of the Eleventh volume, complete,
county, Tenn.
J. D. SMYTH
for sale.
THE


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
EDITED BY B. LUNDY-PUBLISHED IN WASHINGTON AND BALTIMORE-$1.00 PER ANN.
“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, and endowed by their Creator with certain
inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”—Declaration of Independence, U. S.
No. 5. Vol. II. THIRD Series.] SEPTEMBER, 1831. [WHOLE NUMBER 269 Vol. XII.
INSURRECTION IN VIRGINIA.
terribly agitated, than by the insurrectionary
The awful catastrophe, which recently movements, above mentioned. It would
occurred in Southampton County, Virginia, | seem that, with all the disparity in scientific
and was noticed in the last number of this power and general intelligence the differ-
work, is calculated to rouse the dormant ence being wholly in their favor--the white
feelings of the whole community in the Uni- || inhabitants of that section of country have
ted States. That such things were to be experienced the most dreadful alarm. True,
expected, in case the system of slavery should the scene of butchery was awful !—The.
continue to exist in this “Jand of liberty,” || hearts of the relentless desperadoes had been
has often been fearlessly stated.-But no rendered callous by the brutalizing and de-
persons apon earth more sincerely deprecatemonizing influence of ignorance and oppres-
every thing of the kind, than the true friends sion.—They set no bounds to their bloody
of African Emancipation, among the citizensrage.-Stung to fiendish madness, they slew
of this Republic. We regret every attempt all before them !-Expecting no mercy, they
to use force, in violation of law, not only be were merciless--hoping for no quarter, they
cause of the ill feeling it creates, or the in- || gave none.-Hoary age, vigorous manhood,
dividual distress it may occasion, but also on and helpless infancy, were alike the objects
account of the insurmountable obstacles it of vengeance.-Men, women, and children
invariably throws in the way of our future were involved in one indiscriminate massa-
progress. Nothing can be more fatal to our cre!!! It is, therefore, not to be wondered
hopes-nothing better calculated to retardat, that some alarm should have existed; but
our philanthropic operations, than such silly, || that so many extravagant exaggerations and
phrenzied, anti-christian proceedings, on the even totally unfounded rumors should have
part of the colored people.-And it is grati- || been circulated, as the newspaper press has
fying to perce ve, that not a single free per-
since teemed with, is almost unaccountable.
800, or one of intelligence, among them, has
From the most authentic statements, it.
yet been certainly implicated in the horrid appears that the number of insurgents, actu-
proceedings under consideration. We have ally engaged in the horrid work, did not ex-
stated, over and over, that the work of eman-ceed forty or fifty. The nunber of whites
cipation must be conducted, in this country, who were killed, it is believed, was nearly
entirely on moral, pacific principles. Incorrectly stated in our last month's paper.
this way it can be effected, and in no other. The ringleader of the insurrection was a
Though the oppressed may, for a moment, | slave; and it would seem that the whole
revel in the murderous scenes of vengeful were instigated, solely, by vengeance against
rapine, carrying destruction and desolation their oppressors. No white person had any
beſore them, it must soon recoil upon them- || hand in it, as at first reported. *
selves, and the merciless fury of maddened To give the reader a correct idea of the
power will be satiated in the blood of their tragical occurrence, the following extracts
race. It is the duty of every intelligent per- || are copied from the “Richmond Whig,” the
son of color to use his exertions, opon all || editor of which accompanied a troop of horse
suitable occasions, to impress these truths * It was, at first, stated that two white men were
úpop the minds of the ignorant and the un-
the instigators of the insurrection, and that one
was killed. This, however, was not confirmed.
reflecting.
A late letter from some part of Virginia, to a gentle-
Taking another view of the subject, the || Genius of Universal Emancipation was in that
man in Washington, also states that the editor of the
following remarks are elicited.--
section of the country, and, no doubt, at the bottom
of the whole conspiracy !! This NEWS, however,
Never, perhaps, since they establishment of does not appear to have obtained general credit ! In-
the system of Slavery upon the American deed, he was at that time, in a much more quiet place.
And, further, he has never, yet, beep duly convicted
Continent, has the public -mind been more of meditating evil against any one.


66
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Calum.
to tho place where the insurrection broke and pointing their guns at the doors and windows,
out, immediately on receiving the informa- ready to åre as occasion offered."
"The scono at Vaughan's may suffice to give an
A
tion. The detail is, indeed, "heart-rending!" | idea of what was done at the other houses.
bloodier and more accursed tragedy was never acted,
" The origin of the conspiracy, its prime agents, il even by the agency of the tomahawk'and scalping knife.
its extent, and ulterior direction, is a matter of con “ It is with pain wo speak of another feature
jecture. The universal opinion in that part of the of the Southampion Rebellion ; for we have been
country, is that Nat, a slave, a preacher,* and a pre most unwilling to have our sympathies for the suffer-
tended prophet, was the first contriver, the actual || ers, diminished or affected by their misconduct. We
leader, and the most remorseless of the executioners. allude to the slaughter of many blacks without trial,
According to the evidcheo of a negro boy whom they and undor circumstances of great barbarity.* How
carried along to hold their horses, Nat commenced many have been put to death, (generally by decapi-
the scene of murder at the first hous), (Travis') with tation or shooting) reports vary ; probably, however,
his own hand. Having called upon two others to somo five-and-twenty, and from that to forty ; pos.
make good their valian? boastings 80 often repeated, sibly yet a larger number. To the groat honor of
of what they would do, and these shrinking from the General Eppes, he used every precaution in his pow-
requisition, Nat proceeded to despatch one of the er, and we hope and believo with success, to put a
family with his own hand. Animated by the example stop to the disgraceful procedure. We mot with an
and exhorlations of their leader, having a taste of individual of intelligence, who stated that he himself
blood, and convinced that (hey had now gone too far had killed betwoon 10 and 15. He just:fied himself
to recede, his followers dismissed their qualms and on the ground of the barbarities committed on the
bocame as ferocious as their loader wished them. To whites; and that he thought himself right is certain
follow the bloody dogs from tho capture of Travis' from his having narrowly escaped losing his own life
house, before day, to their disporsion at Parker's in an attempt to save a negro woman whom he thought
cornfield early in the afternoon, where thoy hod tra innocent, but who was shot by tho inultitude in despite
versed near twenty miles, murdered 63 whites, and of his exertions. We (the Richmond Troop) wit-
approached within three or four miles of the village nessed with surprise, the sanguinary temper of the
of Jerusalem, the immediate objoct of their move. i population, who evinced a strong disposition to inflict
ment-to describe the scenes at each house, the cir immediate death upon every prisoner.'
cumstances of the murders, the hair-breadth es "Let the fact not be doubted by those whom it
capes of the few who were lucky enough to escapo most concerns, that another such insurrection will
would prove as interesting as heart-rending." be the signal for the extermination of the black popu-
“ Mrs. Vaughan's was among the last housos at lation in the quarter of the state where it occurs. I
tacked. A venerable negro woman described the “ The numbers engaged in the insurrection are
scene which they had witnessed with great emphasis. variously reported. They probably did not exceed
It was near noon, and her mistress had been making forty or fifty, and were fluctuating from desertion and
some preparation in the porch for dinner, when, hap- new recruits. About fifty of them are in Southamp-
pening to look towards the road, she descried a dust, ton jail, some of them upon suspicion only."
and wondered what it could moan. In a second, the "At the date of Capt. Harrison's departure from
negroes, mounted and armed, rushed into viow, and Jerusalem, Gen. Nat had not been taken.”
making an exclamation indicative of her borror and “ If there was any ulterior purpose, he probably
agony, Mrs. Vaughan ran into the house. The ne alone knows it. For our own part, we still beliove
groes dismounted and ran around the houso, pointing there was none; and if he be the intelligent man rep-
their guns at the doors and windows. Mrs. Vaughan resented, wo are incapablo of perceiving the argu-
appeared at a window, and begged for her life, inviting | ments by which he persuaded his own mind of the
them to tako overy thing she had. The prayor was feasibility of his attempt, or how it could possibly end
answered by one of them firing at her, which was in but in certain destruction. We therefore incline to
stantly followed by another, and a fatal shot. In the the belief that he acted unon no higher principle than
mean timo, Mias Vaughan, who was up stairs, and the impulse of revenge against the whites, as the en-
unapprised of the terrible event, until she heard the slavers of himself and his race; and that being a fa-
uoise of the attack, rushed down, and begging for natic, he possibly persuaded himself that Heaveri
life, was shot as she ran a few steps from the door. would interfere ; and that he may have convinced
A son of Mrs. Vaughan, about 15, was at the still himself, as he certainly did his deluded followers to
house, when, 'hearing a gun, and conjecturing, it is some extent, that the appearance of the sun some
supposed, that his brother had come from Jerusalem, weeks ago, prognosticated something favorable to
approached the house, and was shot as ho got over the their cause.'
fence. It is difficult for the imagination to conceive “ We understand that the confessions of all the
a situation so truly and horribly awful, as that in prisoners, go to show that the insurrection broke out
which these unfortunate ladies were placed. Alone, too soon, as is supposed, in consequence of the last
unprotected, and unconscious of danger, to find them- | day of July being a Sunday, and not as the negroes
selves, without a moment's notice for escape or de in Southampton believed, the Saturday before. The
fence, in the power of a band of ruffians, from report is, that the rising was fixed for the 4th Sunday
whom instant doath was the least they could expect! in August, and that supposing Sunday, the 31st
In a most lively and picturesque manner, did the July, to be the first Sunday in August, they were bo-
old negress describe the horrors of the scene ; the trayed into the error of considering the third Sunday
blacks riding up with imprecations, the looks of her as the fourth."
mistress, white as a sheet, her prayers for her life,
and the action of the scoundrels environing ine house,
Since the above appeared in the "Whig,"
we have had many rumors of rebellious con-
* A letter from Southampton states (says the
Richmond Compiler,) that Nat Turner " is very im- spiracies in other parts of Virginia ; and
properly represented to be a Baptist preacher. I wish | sundry convictions and imprisonments have
you to see the editors of your papers on this subject, taken place in Prince George, Sussex, and
and say to them, that that account, from the best ins
formation I can obtain, is an entire mistake. He ne. Nansemond counties. It is believed, how-
ver was a member of the Baptist or any other church;
he assumed that character of his own accord, and * Many havo been executed without legal trial, who
has been for soveral years, one of those fanatical were not positivoly known to have been engaged in
scoundrels, that pretended to be divinely inspired; of the conspiracy. One, after being cruolly mal-treated,
bad charaoter, and nover countenanced, except by a was stuck like a hog*: !
few of his deluded black associatos. To give this † A horrible idea, truly!--the realization would be
explanation, is but an act of justice, to which I am equal in barbowy to any ibing the world bas over white
surp thoy will fully decord,"
noased;


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
67
5
ET
22
bi
1
7 구
​Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum,
ever, that the insurrection is now fairly quelled.gerations have accompanied the recital of
The public mind, in the south, is not in a facts. Ono account stated that the town of
condition to moralize upon this subject now. Wilmington was taken and burnt! The fol-
Much comment would, therefore, bo super- || lowing information, contained in a letter from
erogatory at present. Evils of this descrip-| Fayetteville, of Sept. 14, appears, from a
tion have long been foretold, by those who comparison of other statements, to wear the
had studied human nature, and who had ac- garb of authenticity. It embodios pearly all
quainted themselves with the system of slave- that can as yet be relied on.
ry io this country. But the oppressor choso "On Sunday the 4th inst. tho first information of
the contemplated rising of the Blacks, was sent from
to shut his ear to the voice of warning.—Ho South Washington. The disclosuro was made by a
closed his eyes to the approaching danger.free mulatto man to Mr. Usher of Washington, who
sent the information to Mr. Kelly of Duplin. It op-'
Trusting to an arm of flesh-to physical, in-pears, from the mulatto's testimony, ihat Dave, a
stead of moral power—without consulting to him to join the conspirators, stated that the new
slave belonging to Dir. Morissey of Sampson, applied
the oracle of justice, the advocates and sop-groes in Sampson, Duplin, and New-Hanover, were
regularly organized and prepared to riso on the 4th
porters of that system blindly pursue their | October.
guilty course. Fancying themselves secure, Dave was taken up, and on this testimony convict-
cdi-Aſier his conviction, he made a confession of
thoy cavalierly and angrily reject all ad- the above to his master, and in addition gavo the
vice and caution, even until they are taken
names of the four principal ringleaders in Sampson
and Duplin, and several in Wilmington, named seve-
by surprise. How much better would it be || ral families that they intended to murder. Their
for them to adopt some feasible plan to rid object was to inarch by two routes to Wilmington,
spreading destruction and murder on their way. A
themselves of the evil, and the dangers at- Wilmington they expected to be reinforced by 2,000,
lo supply themselves with arms and amunition and
teoding it, than thus obstinately to persist in then return. Three of the ringleaders in Duplın
upholding a system fraught with the ele- have been takon, and Dave and Jim execuied.
There are 23 negroes in jail in Duplin county, all of
ments of hostility and servilo commotion ! them no doubt concerned in the conspiracy: --Sevc.
May they hencoforth reflect upon the sub-ral have been whipped and some released. In Samp-
son 25 are in jail, all concerned directly or indirectly
ject more seriously, and act moro in accord in the plot.
apce with the dictates of truo wisdom and
The excitement among the people in Sampson is
very great, and increasing ; they aro laking effects
ual measures to arrest all suspected persons. A ve-
We have laid off an article for insertion at
ry intelligent Negro Preacher, named David, was put
on his trial to day and clearly convicted by the tes-
a future period, relative to the discovery of timony of another nogro. The people were so much
an extensive and dangerous conspiracy a-
enraged, that they scarcely could be prevented from
shooting him on his passage from the Court House to
mong the Virginia slaves, somo years since the jail. All the confession made induce tho belief
that the conspirators were well organizod, and thoir
These things should be pondered well, by plans well understood in Duplin, Sampson, Wayne,
overy citizen of the South.
Now Hanover, and Lenoir."
The following is
number of the white
The excitement against the colored preach-
and black population contained in five coun-
ers is very great. Many believe that the
ties, including Southampton and those adja- plans of the insurrection were laid and par-
cent, in Virginia and North Carolina, as as- tially matured in their various meetings, un-
certained by the late census:
der the cloak of religion. This, like every
Whites. Blacks. ll other species of information connected with
Southampton contained 6,127 8,043
Greenville,
the whole affair, has, no doubt, been won-
2,056
4,802
Sussex,
4,155 7,729
derfully distorted and magnified, by the flip-
2,642 3,952 pant tongue of rumor and the tocsin voice of
4,904 5,735
alarm. The Newbern Spectator, of the 10th
19,884 50,261
inst. speaking upon this subject, has the fol.
lowing remarks. We are glad to see a lit-
TROUBLES IN NORTH CAROLINA ! tle mercy mingled with the sweeping pro-
It
appears, from late letters and newspa- | scription here recommended.
per statements, that the Virginia plot was
Perhaps it would not be bad policy were the
people of the South to treat the negro preachers
more extensive than at first supposed. The as did Edward of England the Welsh Bards.
alarm has reached several counties in North
On occasions like the preseli, however, when
the public inind is excited, and alarm become
Carolina. Two slaves have been convicted epidemic, it would be well to remember the history
and executed, and many more are in prison of Titus Dates and his times and while we keeps
th o alert, not ledd ivorcady a belief to the ex-
As in Virginia, the most ridiculous exog-sistence of Piuis."
sound policy.
Surry,
Isle of Wight,


68
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
6 He
the elder Negroes or head-men for trial and punish,
PREVENTION OF SLAVE INSURRECTIONS.
ment of all casual offences, (and these courts were
No. I.
always to be held in my presence, or in that of my
new superintendant,) which court very soon grew
While the public attention is directed to respectable. Seven of these men being of the rank
wards the subject of Slave Insurrections, it of drivers in their different departments, were also
constituted rulers, or magistrates over all the gang,
may be seasonable to offer some remarks and were charged to see at all times that nothing
on the best methods of preventing their fre- should go wrong in the plantations, but that on al
necessary occasions they should assemble and con-
quent occurrence. The old proverb says : sult together how any such wrong should be immo.
" An ounce of prevention is worth a pound diately rectified; and I made it known to all the
gangs, that the authority of these rulers should supe
of cure ;" and it may be said, with equal ply the absence or vacancy of an overseer in all
truth, that to eradicate an obnoxious plant, || all occurrences to the proprietor or his delegațe for
cases; they making daily or occasional reports of
we should strike at the root. So with moral his approbation or his orders."
or political evils—destroy the cause, and the his first step, and he took no other for some time.
It appears that Mr. Steele was satisfied with this
effect must cease."
At length, in about another year, he ventured upon a
second. He “ tried whether he could not obtain
Experience has fully shown that African the labour of his Negrocs by voluntary means in..
Slavery may be abolished, with perfect safety, stoad of the old method by violence. On a certain
and even consistently with the interests of all which is the most laborious operation in West-Indian
concerned, whenever it is fairly attempted. husbandry. offered two-pence halfpenny
(carrency,) or about three halſpence, (sterling,) per
This would take from the slave every motive day, with the usual allowance to holers of a dram
for rebellion. Restore his rights, and his
with molasses, to any twenty-five of his Negroes,
both men and women, who would undertake to hole
enmity is destroyed-enlighten his mind, and for canes an acre per day, at about 96} holes for
each Negro to the acre. 1 he whole gang were rea-
he becomes a good citizen.
dy to undertake it ; but only fifty of the volunteers
But, in order to convince, we must have were accepted, and many among them were those
who on much lighter oecasions had usually pleaded
recourse to facts, capable of demonstrating | infirmity and inability : but the ground having
the truth of what we advance. With this been muisl, they holed twelve acres within six days
with great ease, having had an hour, more or less,
view we shall at present quote the celebrated every evening to spare ; and the like experiment
was repeated with the like success. * More expe-
Thomas Clarkson, to whose researches and
publications, relative to the subject before us, plan of operations, we here insert the following: It
* In corroboration of the practicability of such a
the world is indebted for a fund of exceed. was communicated to the editor, very recently by a
ingly valuable information.
highly valued friend, in Philadelphia.
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
Speaking of an experiment, made in the
Self interest is the ruling principle which prompts
Island of Barbadoes, by the Honorable men (white or black) 10 action. There may be some
honorable exceptions to this rule, but they are “ like
Joshua Steele, he states as follows:
ange's visits, few and far between:" The following
It appears that Mr. Steele lived in London. He anecdote, related to me by the gentleman himself, may
was Vice-Pre id nt of the London Society of Arts, || be relied on as authentic, and is respectfully offered
Manufactures, and Commerce, and a person of ial to the consideration of slaveholders, and others, resi-
ertan i erudition. He was the proprietor of three ding in the southern states.
estaies in Barbadoes. His agent there used to send W. T. although not conscientiously opposed to
him accounts annually of his concerns ; but these slavery: was a very respectable, wealthy, and indus-
were latierly so ruinous, not only in a pecuniary | trious citizen of Philadelphia. For a long time he
point of view, but as they related to what Nir. Steele was an efficient director of one of our city banks, and
called the destruction of his Negroes, lhat he re a man whose veracity was unquestioned. He was
solved, though then at the advanced age of eighty, by trade a plasterer, and was employed to plaster
to go ihere, and to look into his affairs himself. Ac. the Capitol, at Washington city. He took with him
cordingly he embarked, and arrived there early in seven journeymen, from Philadelphia ; and on his
the year 1780.
arrival at Washington he hired eleven slaves, as la.
Afier a residence of some length of time in hired from their masters, at $2 per week; but he
bourers, to attend upon them. These slaves were
the island, and becoming acquainted with soon found they did not do as much work as half that
the system of mismanagement there, Mr. number of freemen would have done ; and the conse-
quence was, his journeymen were frequently idle for
Steele resolved to change the mode of work-
want of materials. At the end of the first week,
about sun-set, he took all his labourers with him into
ing his slaves ; and, in the year 1783, he put a remote cellar, where nobody could see or hear what
a part of his plan in operation. Clarkson passed between them. The blacks stared at each
other, as they went along, not knowing what was to
proceeds :-
be done. When he arrived at a suitable place, he
“I took,” says he, “the whips and all power of Saturday night, to give every one of you a dollar,
stopped, and said : “ Now my boys, I intend, next
arbitrary punishment from all the overseers and for your own use :--and I will still continue to pay
their white servants, which occasioned my chief || your masters the wages which I agreed to pay them.
overseer to resign, and I soon dismissed all his de-
puuies, who could not bear the loss of their whips ; || your masters know any thing about it.—But mind !-
See that you do not tell any body. I will not let
but al the same time, that a proper subordination tihe first man I find idle, I will discharge; - and so I
and obedience to lawful orders and duty should be will continue to discharge everyone who does not do
preserved, I created a magistracy out of the Ne-
groes Lenselves, and appointed a court or jury or ll sa, yes massa, was ihe general reply. Upon these
a full days work. Do you all understand it? Yes mas-


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
69
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
3
'
5
riments with such premiums on weeding and deep raise whatever they might think most advantage.
hoeing were made by task-work per acie, and all ous. These tenements consisted of half an acre of
succeeded in like manner, their premiums being all || plantable and productive land to each adult, a quanti.
punctually paid them in proportion to their perſor-iy supposed to be sufficient with industry to furnish
mance. But afterwards some of the same people him and his family with provision and clothing. The
being put without premium to weed on a loose cul tenements were made descendible to the heirs of the
tivated soil in the common manner, eighteen Negroes occupiers or copyholders, that is, to their children on
did not do as much in a given time, as sic had per the plantations ; for no part of the succession was to
formed of the like sort of work a few days before, I go out of the plantations to the issue of any foreign
with the premium of two-pence halfpenny.” The wife, and in case of no such heirs, they were to fall
Rext year Mr Steele made similar experiments. to the lord to be re-granted according to his disere-
Success attended him again ; and from this time tion. It was also inscribed that any one of the copy-
task-work, or the voluntary system, became the holders, who would not perform his services to ihe
general practice of the estate.
manor (the refractory and others,) was 10 forfeit his
In the year 1785, it appears that he adopt- || the state of villein in gross, and to be subject to cor-
tenement and his privileged rank, and to go back to
#ed the system of working by the piece. But poral punishment as besore. “ Thus," says Mr.
in 1789, he carried into effect another part | periment, by giving such copyhold-tenements to all
Steele, “ we run no risk whatever in making the ex.
of his plan, which went the length of alter our well-deserving Negroes, and to all in general,
ing the very condition of the slaves, and of
when they appear to be worthy or that favour.
this alteration our author now speaks.
This very interesting subject will be con-
Mr. Strele took the hint for the particular modetinued, at greater length, in our next number;
of improving the condition of his slaves, which I am when it is hoped we shall bave less occasion
going to describe, from the practice of our Anglo.
Saxon ancestors in the days of Villeinage, which, he
to speak of actual “slave insurrections,"-
says, was “the most wise and excellent mode of || and, of course, more room to treat of their
civilizing savage slaves." There were in those days
three classes of villeins. The first or lowest, cons18l
• prevention."
ed of villeins in gross, who were alienable at plea-
sure. The second of villeins regardant, who were
adscripti glebæ, or attached as freehold property GREAT BRITAIN AND TIIE WEST INDIES.
to the soil, And the third or last, of copyhold bond
raen, who had lenements of land, for which they
At the late session of the British Parlia-
were bound to pay in services. The ville ns first || ment, upwards of five thousand petitions
mentioned, or those of the lowest class, had allthese
gradations to pass through from the first into the were presented for the abolition of slavery in
second, and from the second into the third, before the Colonies. The friends of the measure
they could become free men. This was the model,
from which Mr. Sieele resolved to borrow, when he are rapidly increasing in numbers and influ-
formed his plan for changing the condition of his
slaves. He did not, however, adopt it throughout,
ence. They are very active, and sanguine
but he chose out of it what he thought would be most of speedy success. On the other hand, the
suitable to his purpose, and leſt the rest. may
see what the plan was, from the following accouni.
effeminate, impotent tyrants of the colonies
In the year 1789 he erected his plantations into are becoming alarmed for the very precari-
It appears that the Governor of Barbadoes
had the power by charler, with the consent of the ous tenure upon which their usurped author-
majority of the council, of dividing the island into ity at present rests. Meetings have been
holders; and though this had not yet been done, Nr.held among them, resolutions have been
Steele loped, as a member of council, to have in :- | adopted; and remonstrances against emanci-
ence sufficient to get his own practice legalized in
time. Presuming upon this, he registered in the pation have been presented to the parent go-
minor-book all his adult male slaves as copyholders.
Heihen gave them separatetenements oflands, which
vernment;-even " threats of disunion," or
they were to occupy, and upon which they were to separation of the colonies from the empire,
conditions they parted; and the next Monday morn-
(a la mode the nullifiers of South Carolina !)
ing, at sun-rise, when the employer got within about have been held out, to induce the advocates
100 yards of the building, he saw his labourers all on
the
spoi, who immediately enquired: “ Massa T.
of freedom to desist from the prosecution of
what shall I do 1--Massa T. whal shall I do ?"-
And, being a prompi man, he soon set them all at
their holy work. Vain attempt!-Almost as
work. But, before breakfast line, he heard his jour-
well might “Satan" have undertaken to fright-
neymen calling out, “ Hallo) there ! you will break
down that scaffold; 'quit putting so much stuff on its en or dissuade the “ Angel of God” from the
"The gentleman soon found that he would have in accomplishment of his authorized purpose,
discharge one half of his labourers, or elsc double
the number of his journeymen! and they continued, || previous to his expulsion from heaven! The
while ihus employed, to be as good a set of labourers work will go on; and the corrupt monsters,
as he evçr had.
Here was a practical lesson for slaveholders. Let who have fattened and rioted upon the sweat,
any of those who now have to drive their slaves, or the tears, and BLOOD of the slave, must soon
employ others to drive for them, burn their whips and
gry to impel them to labour from interest. Convince calculate to “reform" themselves, or_they
them that they shall surely receive the benefit of thcir || will be “
exertions ; and that this will not depend upon the
to the threat of re-
reformed."
caprice of the master, but will certainly be meted to
sistance to the measures of the governmeni,
them in proportion :o their industry, and they will per force,—it is the frothy ebulition of mad-
perform twice the quantity of work that they other-
wise do.
ness and despair. The first overt act would
We
manors.
V
po
18
8.


70
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Calum.
be a death warrant for every one engaged in
One word, as to the danger of general
committing iemand power, tepfold more than cmancipation, before we conclude.
is necessary, is at hand to execute it.
It has been sufficiently ascertained, in the
The colonists, foreseeing that the term of West Indies, South America, and Mexico-
their absolute and oppressive swag is short, to say nothing of the northern and middle
are talking loudly about " compensation"* states of this Union that the total abolition
for the loss of their slaves, in case a law shall of slavery may be effected, in a reasonable
be esacred for the purpose. This, we think, time, with perfect safety ;—and that there is,
will not be granted. It should not be-else indeed, no safety in the pursuit of any other
every slave holder, on the African coast, from courge. Many philanthropists and states-
whom his human plunder has been wrested, men, both in Europe and this country, are
should be compensated therefos. llo pur- becoming sensible of this fact ;-and, in the
chased them, (at least a portion of them,) course of a brief season of reflection, they
"legally,” according to the laws or regula- will resolve to-act accordingly.
tions of that country; and this title, though
** INCENDIARY PUBLICATIONS."
good for nothing, is as good as that by which
It is painful to witness the recklessness
any slave in the American bemisphere is | with which the most absurd and false asser-
held-nay, it is the only foundation, on which tions are promulgated, (even through politi-
rests every claim of the kind. If, therefore,
cal periodicals of the first standing,) with the
governments have exercised tho "right" 10
view of bringing the cause of emancipation
deprive the slaveholders, at sea, of their hu- and its advocates into disrepute. An ex-
man “ property," without compensating them tract of a letter from Washington City, to
iherefor, (and it has been done in thousands line postmaster in Tarborough, N. C. has
of instances,) we may calculate that they been published in various papers, containing
will do it every where else, as soon as it shall
the following statement:-
be generally understood that JUSTICE is one
“An incendiary paper, "The Liberator,' is circu.
and the same thing, without regard to time or lated openly among the free blacks of this cily; and
place. But the abolition of slavery would if you will search, it is very probable you will end it
among the slaves of your county. Ii is published
be a positive benefit to the planters. The in Boston or Philadelphia by a white man, with the
avowed purpose of inciting rebellion in the South;
experiments already made, prove it. Very and I am informed is to be carried through your
modest, then, to talk of “compensation !'
country by secret agents, who are to come amongst
you under the pretext of pedling, &c. Keep a sharp
* This idea of compensating slaveholders, for look out for these villains, and if you calch them,
slaves emancipated by law, notwithstanding the pre-
by all that is sacred, you ought to barbacue them.,
postcrous absurdıly aitached to it, is prevalent among
Diffuse this information amongs6 whom it may coo. 4
many, of whom more correct notiong might have been
expected. The editor of this work lately had a brie! A more abominable falsehood was never
conversation upon the subject, with an esteemed ac-
quaintance, in New Jersey, who is a member of the uttered, than that which we have placed in
society of “ Friends." He advocated this inadmis-
sible doctrine, while he well knew that both the peo-
italics in the foregoing paragraph-neither
ple and legislature of his own stalo, and the religious 1 is there believed to be the least truth in the
society of which he is a member, as well as other
communities, both civil and ecclesiastical, have long assertion respecting the modo of circulating
since completely exploded it, and acted upon the diall the work.
rectly opposite principle. It is astonishing that any
man of intelligence should reasın thus; (and this
That the mendacious tribe of editorial ca-
genileman is both rationaliy and philosophically in- lumuiators, whose very element is prejudice,
telligent;) and it still more wonderful that one,
who was " born and educated” a Quaker, shonli and whose food is scandal and vituperation,
fall into such gross political or moral heresies! We should give currency to such bareſaced slan-
shall, probably, next hear of a proposition to pay the
thief, for the horse he has been detected in stealing - ders, is not at all to be wondered at: but
the highwayman, for tho travel er's purse wrested that editors, claiming to be respectable, like
from his hand--the ocean frecboolcr, for the casks,
and bales of goods he had pirated and was conpel- those of the National Intelligencer," should
led to relinquish;--or, ai least, it may be argued, that
those who had purchased thoproducts of such rob-
not only tarnish thcir columns with such a
bèrics, should bu" componstidid on their seizure ! ! paragraph as tho ono above quoted, but also
The absurdity in the ono caso, would be fully equiva
alent to that of the othor; for' no legal enactment, credit the falsehood, and accompany it with
under heaven, can, in justico, possibly reduce a hu-
a long tirade against the publication referred
man being to the condition of “property." "Lib.
erly” is the “inaliennblo right" of every man and to, is truly surprising! Surely, they have never
woman “ created by God. No innocent human be- I read the “Liberator," '-or they would not
"ing was over deprived of it; unconditionally, but up-
on the principles of robbery and usurpation.
have sanctioned so gross a misrepresonta-
cern.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION,
71
7
tion;
Fiat Justitia Ruat Caluin.
tion of its character. Had they acquaint-lation, whilo formerly Creoles and Spaniards were
the main partiza09. Thoso (wo new (or rather very
ed themselves therewith, instead of taking old) parties are the Country party and the Croole
upon trust the vindictive assertions of some pariy, each subdivided into sone factions,
The Country party, calling tbemselves patriots
opprincipled slaveite, (very probably a slave- and old Mexicans, are the most nuinerous, including
trader,) they might have saved themselves nearly the whole Indian and mixt population. They
are nicknamed Gentes iracionales, or unrationa)
the trouble of making a ridiculous appeal to folks, by the Creoles, whom they cali in return, Sono
the Mayor of Boston, and the people of New- ll of the Guachupins.. This party although compri-
sing the bulk of actual ignorance, reckons many en-
England, to suppress
it!
lightened men. They hate and detest the Spaniards
Briefly commenting on the paragraph, a-deny having been conquered by Cortez ; they say
calling them invaders, despoilers, tyrants. Thoy
bove quoted, the editor of the Liberator their ancestors the Mexicans, were overíhrown by
their foes the Tlaxcallans and their allies, among
states as follows:
which were a handful of Spaniards, who spread terror
.“ We have circulated no papers ex!ra in any part | by fire-arms, and after the destruction of the cily of
of our country. We have not a single white or black Niexico, disarmed all the Indians, blew their nollos,
subscriber south of the Potomac. We have no their priests, and their warriore; destroyed their
travelling agent or agents. It is not the real or || temples, sainis, books of all kinds; took to thein-
"avowed object” of the Liberator to stir up insurrec-
selves all the wealth, land, and puble women; redom
tions, bul the contrary."
cing the people to abject ignorance, cruel vassalagę,
It has always been the misfortune of those and imposing upon themi new saints or iduls. But
now these tyrant Guachupine are expeiled, the Cro-
who strive to produce honest reformations oles being Mexicans like ihemselves, sons of the doo
ble ladies stolen by the invaders, form only one 03-
in the corrupted state of society, to be ridi-
and the Indians being restored to freedom, the
culed, misrepresented, reviled, and abused. use of arms and equalrighis, they ought to be allowed
freedom of worship, a greater participation in offices
It is natural to expect this, in such cases, and emoluments, a general education; and they de-
from the ignorant, the vicious, and the demand the correction of many abuses, above all the
reform of the church, army and finances.
praved.-But that men, professing to be Such reasonable requesis may be delayed by the
more than ordinarily intelligent, and withal Crecies in power, but the Country party will soonoj
or later prevail and rule the country.- The factious
just and philanthropic, should lend them- among this party are merely differences or opinion
selves to the work of persecuting them, even
on some points of policy, which the Creoles endeav.
our to split into new parties so as to weakeu the whole.
without taking the pains to acquaint them Thus some think that peace ought never to be made
with ibe Guachupins or Spain, no money paid for
selves fully with their motives or actions, is the acknowledgment of independence, or no Guachu-
calculated to inculcate the idea that virtuous || pins allowed to settle again in the couuuy after the
peace. This feeling is pretty general; their oppo-
noble-mindedness and true christian patriot- nento call them Antiguachupins. Another section
ism is at a low ebb among us.
wishes to confiscate the whole church property to
pay the debes of the state, and abolish all the exno-
Since writing the foregoing, we have seen tions of the priests, paying them a moderate stipend.
the National Intelligencer," containing a
This sentinient has many partizans in the army,
and even among the Creoles. The priests eall Ihcin
paragraph from a paper called the "Genius infidels.
The second party of the Creoles, often calling
of Liberty," printed at Leesburg, Virginia, themselves the rational or wise folks, rule the coun.
in which the Genius of Universal Emancipa- I try; by means of tho generals and bishops, noblog
and land owners, priests and monks, judges and law,
tion is also classed among what the slaveites | yers, monopolicts and ofice holders, who are must-
malignantly denominate "incendiary publi- || lessions, the patriots are already the majority ; nay,
Ty Creoles. But in the Army, legislalures, and pro.
cations." We have, at present, merely room also among landholders ; but the Indians have only
to make our acknowledgements to these geo-
small farms and gardens, while the Creoles oliers
own princely estates of 50,000 or 100,000 acres.
iry, for their kind notice,-promising them || They affectio dospise and hold in contempt the
further attention in due season.
The cout-
Indians; accuse them of ignorance, stupidity, and
many vices; but they know that these vices are such
teous editors of the " Intelligencer," partico- as enable them to mislead and govern the Indians,
acquire their aid and support whenever specious pa.
larly, will please accept our thanks for their triotic pretexts are offered. Many liberal Creoles
very intelligent and mannerly remarks.
are unilingthemselves to the country party, and others
will follow when they find that they must yield. This
party rules the country at present, since the over-
- continued.) ihrow of Guerrero wbo was the idol of the country
Our author, speaking of the political state party, because he was a Mestizo, but he had no abil
lies; he may be compared to Paez of Venezuela. Ile
of the Republic, gives us the following defi was easily removed, but not even exiled, so lilile was
nition of parties, which bare existed since I paring to resist the usurpation of Busta mezte, who,
he feared. Ilis party however is strong, and pro-
the commencement of the Revolution. He although a man of talents, is 100 aristocratic, anil
will be overthrown. The fear of a new civil war
says:
a lone restrains i ho patriotic party.
They were at first Patriots and Goachopins, pert
Republicans and imperialists,latterly Federalisis and
The views which the Miexicans entertain,
Centralists, under the nicknames of Scots and York. I relative the policy of our government,
nos; but now, in 1830, two great parties are spring-
ing up, much more likely to divide the whole popu. I should be understood by every citizen there.
18
11
jo
THE MEXICANS


72
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Celnm.
S
of. The reader is, therefore, requested to ed, wealthy and learned, gave a free gift of 7000 dol-
lars, at the Spanish invasion of Barradas, to clothe a
give the following, particularly, a close pe-whole regiment of cavalry; this generous act has
rusal.
since been ascribed to mere ostentation. He had of-
fered to educate 200 select Indian youths, at a small
Towards the North-Americans the actual admin expense, in a college on the Wabash. The cautious
istration bears no goood will, but rather distrust Mexicans sent an agent to examine the place and
and dislike. They complain, 1st-Thai Poinseit prospect, who has made and printed a Spanish and
medded wiih the politics of the country, and that
English report, stating that it was another deception,
the college being a mere school under the direction of
the conspirators. gainst Pedraza actually mcl in his
house 2d-Thai he insulied the Mexican nation
a vicious and ignorant female, and the United States
totally unfit to educate the Indians, whom they despise
by offering to buy Texas, a federal territory, una-
and opprcss.
lienable to the Constitution, of 160 millions of
In any future contest with North America, the
acres, or ten millions of dollars, or six cents per || Mexicans think they will be quite a match for their
acre, while the wild lands of Texas ate now sold al
northern neighbors. It happens that the nearest
forty cenis per acre by the Mexican government. states to Mexico have a large slave population, which
31-- That, when he found his offer objectionabie, he it will be very easy to rouse by an offer of complete
ſuriker insulted the nation by offering a loan of ten freedom. Also the borders of the two countries are
millions, as a pawnbroker would, upon the pawning filled with Indian tribes, driven by the United States,
of Texas until repaid, which insiduous proposal was and very unwisely concentrated in a vulnerable point,
meant to fill the country of Texas with Americans || which would join the Mexican soldiers, who are nearly
and slaves, and to hold it afterwards at any event,
all Indians. The Mexican population will soon equal
The United States never meaning to restore it. This
that of the freemen of North America. They are be-
was deemed even by the patriot party, who were
coming warlike, and the table land population has no
great friends of the Americans and Poinsett, an in-
dread of a colder climate. This does not imply that
sull simlar to an offer of the Mexicans to buy or pawn
the Mexicans ever mean to make conquests; but they
will retaliate if attacked or deeply injured, and have
Lousiana or Arkansas, if made to the Congress o
the United States.-415-'That the Americans are
the means to assail with advantage. Against this the
Americans have only their number, greedy thirst for
secrelly encroaching towards Texas and the fron.
lands, slavery and oppression of Indians. England
tiers, in the usual manner they employ to dispossess will never allow Texas to be conquered, and will be-
Indians, by allowing outlaws, squaiters and hunters, come the ally of Mexico in a war for such an unworthy
tu intrude and seitle unlawfuly. 5th -Thal citi motive. It may also be doubtful whether the nor-
zens of the United States encourage the excursions thern states will go into a war to extend the evil of
of the Comanches and other predatory tribes against slavery, and to make three or four new slave staies in
New Mexico and Texas, furnishing them with arms,
Texas. Therefore, North America has nothing to
buving their spoil stolen mules, and even Mexican gain in a war with Mexico, but much to lose, and
freemen, who are bought as slaves, and mulattos wisdom will suggest prudence in the mutual inter-
and Indians held as such even now in Louisiana.
course of the two nations.
6!h--That American emissaries have suggested
Meantime the Mexican government are taking
several umes, in Texas to rebel and declare Texas
measures to secure Texas. Five regiments have been
independent of Mexico, or even ask an union with
sent to form military colonies, and at the peace with
Spain, all the disbanded soldiers are to receive grants
the Uniled Stales, who will al'ow the bane of slavery.
of land there, on condition of actual settlement. The
7th-That the United States, by invading gradually Mexicans begin also to know the salue of unsettled
althe Indian lands, and removing the Indians on
lands. No great grant has been made there since
the borders of Mexico, comnit a great injustice, and the old one of Austin. All late applications and offers
Jay a foundai.on for fuiure troubles and quarrels have been rejected, even those of Baring and Owen,
with Mexico. 8th-And that by their perfidy both English men, who offered to bring English set-
against Indians in the south and west, and breaking tlers as a bulwark against the Americans. But small
solemn irralies with them, the Un led States evince grants, or rather sales, to actual settlers of any nation,
they will not deem sacred any treaty with the Mex are made at the rate of 40 dollars for 100
acres, with
ican nation, the majorily of which is an Indian pop six years credit, and no man is allowed to purchase
ulation, quite similar to the persecuted Cherokees, 11 above 50,000 acres. All negroes and Indians flying
Creeks and Choctaws. 9th-Lastly, that the Span. ll the slavery and oppression of the southern United
ish invad: rs under General Barradas, in 1829, were
States, are received and protected. All slaves be-
chiefly carried over from Cuba to Tampico in North
come free by entering Texas, (as they do in Canada,)
American ves els ; and some disabled ones allowed
when they can reach it. The Indians receive land to
to refit in New-Orleans, the Spanish troops well re-
settle upon. They are considered as the best bul-
wark against the American neighbors, and a check
ceived, recruited, and actually sailed from New-Or-
upon the settlers of North American origin. The
leans to invade Mexico.
Chocktais, Creeks and Cherokees, now driven to
These subjects of complaint have been artfully fo- || despair by the policy of the southern states, refused
mented by the English agents and party: a cry was
the privilege of freemen and compelled to sell their
raised for war against the United States, a loan of lands, would find there an assylum, and be received
two millions was offered to carry it on, invade Loui with open arms. They might be made citizens at once
siana, declare all the negroes free, expel all the Ame- || by a special law, or become such in five years, re-
rican settlers from Texas, &c. Even the patriotic par-
ceive grants of land either gratis or at a low price, and
ty and friends of North America were staggered. No-
be deemed the best settlers to form a barrier of
perse-
thing is more calculated to allineate them than the cuted foes against northern encroachments.
bad treatment of the Indians in the United States.-
These two nations, which ought to be natural allies,
We have not room for the whole of this
were thus on the verge of becoming foes. However, very interesting article, this month. In our
the prudence of the administration and the unsettled
state of internal affairs prevented actual hostilities.-' || next we shall notice the vast resources of the
The American government has hushed up the bare. | Mexican Republic, and lay before the reader
faced attair of Texas, recalled Poinsett, and evinced
symptoms of conciliation. But the influence of these some important hints respecting the success-
feelings upon the public mind has been so great, that
the Ainericans, who were the most favored nation, ||ful employment of FREE LABOR, in the culti-
have ceased to be such; their merchants, captains, vation of sugar, cotton, &c, &c. The com-
travellers, settlers, &c. have been often insulted or no
longer favored. The English merchants have availed petition, arising in that quarter, will ere long
themselves greatly of this to increase their custom-
ors. Formerly, the North Americans were welcomeshew the slaveholders of this country where-
any where; now, their situation is precarious in Tex in their true interest lies, even if nothing
as, and even in the city of Mexico. An American,
Mr. Maclure, of Philadelphia, who was highly respect-
else will,
11


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
73
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
.
HINTS TO DISTRICT TREASURERS.
3
8. d.
Ladies' Repository. Silk Work Bags,
70 each:
Do. with clasps,
8 6
Philanthropic and Literary.
East India Cotton Bags,
2 6
Albums,
123. 6. & 10 6
PRINCIPALLY CONDUCTEN BY A LADY.
Portfolios,
68. Od. & 5 0
Port-folios with Engravings,
7 6
Purses,
1s. 6d., 28., 2
6
OUR FRIENDS IN GREAT BRITAIN. Seals, (a Negro, Legend,' “ Am I not a
We extract from a small pamphlet, published by Man and a Brother,” or “ Am I not a
23. the “ Dublin Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society," the
Woman and a Sister,”')
10
following “ Hints to District Treasurers.” They Evening at Home,
Sermon, “Relieve the oppressed, 90 doz.
0 4f each
will serve to acquaint our sisters, on this side the Yamba, by Mrs. H. More,
0 6 doz..
Short Review of the Slave Trade and
water, somewhat further with the active exertions of
Slavery,
2 6 each.
the Ladies in Great Britain. Why, alas! cannot a Memoirs of a West India Planter, by
i similar spirit be roused among us? Why shall the Rev. J. Riland,
5 0
American Ladies exhibit less of patriotism, philan. The System, by Charlotte Elizabeth, 5 0
Cropper's Map
03
shrophy, or piety, than those living under a monar-
Harvey's Sketches of Hayti,
12 6
chial government, in Europe ? The reason !-Let us
Engravings--the Scenes taken from the Rev. Mr.
have the reason !
Bicknell's “ West Indies as they are.”
The Society adopted the following Resolution :
" That the District Treasurers who reside at a dis-
Ist-That these Rules and Resolutions be circu-
lated, in order to explain the objects of the Society; | sion, Anti-slavery works and other articles, to diffuso
tance from Dublin be permitted to obtain for disper-
and that the 3d, 5th, 6th, 7th, 9th, 10th, 11th, and information, to the amount of half the donations and
12th Resolutions* be particuiarly pointed out for the subscriptions they obtain in their own neighbour-
I consideration of friends.
hood."
2dly-That, if possible, a monthly meeting be held
by those Ladies who are willing to attend (perhaps) | Bewley, Esq. William st. and ALEXANDER ORR,
East India Sugar has been imported by SAMUEL
alternately at each other's houses, when the Anti-
slavery Reportert may be read, and
other works pe- || veral others; and the following (among other Gro-
Esq. Commercial Buildings, Merchants, and by se-
rused, which will convey information, and excite in-
terest for the oppressed African race.
cers in Dublin) are supplied with it :
3dly-That the books, port-folios, albums, work-
CALVERT, 38 Thomas-street;
HANNA, 12 Henry-street;
bags, cheap cotion-bags, &c., filled with the Soci-
KENNEDY, Grafton-street ;.
ely's evidence, may be disposed of, as far as possible,
to introduce information and excite interest, where
Rogers, Baggot-street;
works on the subject of Slavery have not yet found their
BEERE, Aungier-street;
way, or have obtained little or no attention to their
Ryan, Inns-quay, &c. &c.
contents ; and that the smaller tracts, adapted to the
KINAHAN, & Co. Carlisle Buildings ;
* capacities of children and the poor, be lent to those
SANDFORD, Great Britain-street ;
e who can be induced to read them ; and that “reasons
WELSH, Dame-street.
N. B. The Names of other Merchants and Gro-
is for substituting East India sugar for West,” be cir-
culated among the higher classes,
who import or sell East India Sugar, will, when
41h–It is apparent that subscriptions and dona- known, be added to this List.
7. tions are requisite, to promote the designs of the So-
ciety, and that in proportion to the enlargement of
THE WORK BEGUN BY ENGLAND.
its funds will its usefulness extend : it is hoped, By the last arrivals from Liverpool, we have tho
therefore, that each District Treasurer will exert her-
elf in obtaining them.
gra ng intelligence that the British Government
51h- They would likewise snggest the propriety of has commenced the important work of abolishing
circulating the Anti-slavery Reporter, by presenting | slavery in the colonies under its immediale control.
every subscriber with the successive numbers, which, The following paragraph, from a Liverpool paper,
it is believed, may be easily obtained, by applying to
the nearest Anti-slavery Association in ihe neigh- | will be as well understood, alone, as though it were
borhood.
accompanied by a volume of commentary.
The following articles can be procured by appli-
cation to the Secretaries, (at Dr, Charles Orpen's,
“We have groat pleasure in being able to inform
our readers that the British Government have deter-
11, Great George's-street.)
Clarkson's Arguments,
mined on the emancipation of the slaves, belonging
Jamaica Gazette,
to the crown, in various conquered colonies. Direc-
No British Slavery,
tions have been already forwarded to the government
What does your Sugar cost ?
of Berbice ; and in a few months we may cheerfully
Pity the Negro,
anticipate that our government, at least, will be pur-
Reasons for substituting East for West India ged from the foul stain of slavery."
Sugar,
Thus, it will appear that the labors of our sisters
Shooting Excursion,
in England are producing the desired effect. Their
Remarks on the Decrease of the Slave Population
in the West Indies,
active exertions, in collecting and disseminating infor-
Quotations on Half Sheets of Paper,
mation, has opened the eyes of the nation, and
Do. on Quarter Sheets,
loosened the tongues of her patriots and statesmen.
Cards of Explanation, &c.
The Albums, Work-bags, and Port-folios, con-
NATIONAL REGISTRY.
tain selections of the papers named above.
Among the many valuable papers, which have
* These Resolutions are too long for us to inserti
the Genius of Universal Emancipation. They might, || been kindly forwarded to us by the worthy Secre-
7. in fact, be termed " Articles of Association," as tary of the I.adies' Anti-Slavery Society of Bir-
they point out, distinctly, the object and plan of
mingham, England, the following plan of a “Re-
ceeilings, adopted by the Society.
8 + This is a monthly periodical work, of great meril,
gistry,” for those who are willing to give a preſer-
published by the Anti-Slavery Sociсty in żondon. ence to the productions of free labor, we think de-
cers,
+
19
he
el
2
pro-


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fint Justitia Ruat Celum.
LABOR.
bour."
serving of particular notico. Without further pre- | addressed to A. B. at Mr. John Crisp'e, No. 10 Tal
bot Court, Gracechurch streel, London, will moei
face, we submit the article to the view of our readers.
with immediato attention.
NATIONAL REGISTRY, FOR ENCOURAGING ABSTI A plan for establishing depots for West-India su-
NENCE FROM SUGAR, THE PRODUCE OF SLAVE gar, and other articles tho produce of free labor, may
be had at the Registry Office, or of Mr. John Crisp,
dealer in tea and East India sugar only.
Notwithstanding the invincible apathy with which
too many havo regarded the degradation and suffer.
ings of our enslaved ſellow subjects in the British
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
Colonies, it is quite evident that in many parts of It has been thought that so much has been said
the Country a powerful sympathy has been awaken. and written on the subject of slavery, that but little
od in their behalf. Their strong claims on our com more is required ; that it is not necessary any los-
passion, British Ladies, as might have been antici. ger to declaim against the system, but enforce the
pated, have been the first to feel
, and they have also precepts so long and carnesily beld forth by sileul
been most prompt to act, consistently with their but powerful example.
clear and just convictions. Several of our largest Very good, with regard to the efficacy of example;
Towns have been divided by them into Districts, but I am not yet convinced thatitis a time for longues
and efforts have been made by Visitors, appointed to be silent, and pens unsullied with that jeity liquid
for the purpose, to call the aliention of all classes which enables us to conmunicate our thoughts 10
to the fact, “that the consumers of West-India those at a distance. It is not a time to be inactive.
Sugar aré'in reality the upholders of Slavery." Wecan achieve nothing through indolence. Anex.
The success which has attended these visits, where i tensive field of exertion is before us—we are called
perseveringly made, has been such as to justify the upon to enter, inviting and entreating others to fol.
firm conviction, that combined and extended ezer łów-to come also, and take hold of the plough-10
tions are only necessary to make the voice of hu- join us in declaring, that our efforts shall not cease,
manity heeded by ihe slave proprietors; who, though ncr our ardoar abate, until the greal work is accom-
deaf to all remonstrance, will not be found equally plished-until every descendant of Africa shall be
inaccessible to considerations of personal interest. franchised-until every American citizen sball ens
To encourage those who have been already active joy the privileges and immunities which are his una.
in this work of righteousnego, by the confidence | lienable right-until that liberty we boast of shall
which must arise from their being witnesses 10 lhe be possessed, in its purity, by everyone who inbales
increasing number of friends to the cause ; 10 afford the air or treads the soil of Columbia.
both a stimulus and an opportunity to zealous en We may with propriety apply the language of
deavours, as well as to give to the general measure
that illustrious and enlightened statesman and pats
strength, permanency, and a defined object, an Office riot, that eloquent orator, that friend of humanity,
will be opened at No. 10, Gracechurch street Lon. William Pitt. We “cannot repress” our senii-
don, as A National Registry for encouraging | ments-WC' feel” ourselves “ impelled to speak-
abstinence from Sugar, the produce of Slave La we are called upon as men, ag christians, to protes
against such horrible barbarity,” as is practiced is
Separate accounts or lisis will be kept in the re. these United States. We call upon the bishops to
gistry of the number,
interpose the unsullied sanctity of their lawn-upon
1st _" of thosewho purpose abstinence till slavery | the judges to interpose the purity of their ermine, 10
shall coaso in all the British colonies."
redeem “ us from this pollution." We “ call upon
2dly- or those who will abstain untilthe recom. the spirit and humanity of our" country to vindicate
mendations of Parliament in 1823, are carried into the rational character." Wo "invoke the genius
full effect."
of the constitution.” We solemnly call upon every
3dly—“Of those who, with the members of many order of men in the Union," lo blamp upon this infa.
Ladies' Associations, will at least engage to abstain mous system “ the indelible stigma of the public ab.
from slave-grown sugar till the time shall come, when horrence.” More particularly, we "call upon the
the lash shall no longer be permitted to fall on the venerable prelates of our religion to do away this
persons of helpless female slaves ; when our fellow- | iniquity, lei then performn a lustration to purify she
creatures shall no longer be advertised like beasts | country from this decp and deadly sin."
for sale, and sold like boasts in a West-Indja slave
AMELIA
market, and whon every negro mother, living under Philadelphia, Ilk mo. 6th, 1831,
the British dominion, sball press a free born infant
to her bosom."
The registry (which will be a record of numbers
EXTRACT.
only, and not of names) will be opened on the 20th A celebrated statesmen and poet has
of December ; and on the first of February 1830, 1 nounced, that “ Woman's noblest station is
pro-
and at the commencement of every other month, the
numbers registered will be published in such news.
retreat,"—and the sentiment has acquired
papers and periodical publications, as may be thought the authority of an established aphorism.-
best adapted to the extensive circulation of the re. Her duties, for the most part, are doubtless
port.
An agent will allend at the registry to receive all of a quiet, unobtrusive nature; she is happi-
communications from town or country; and no lel- || y excluded from the great theatre of public
lers or parcela will bo received at the olice unless business, from the turmoils of ambition, the
the postage for the same has been previously pa do strife of debate, and the cares of legislation;
It is recommended that in collecting names, indi. she may, nevertheless, exert a powerful in-
vidual signatures should not be requested, it being | Aluence over public opinion and practice,
quite sufficient for the prevention of inistake, that no
persons allow their names to be taken a second timo. without violating that retiring delicacy which
The collector's list should state for which of the constitutes one of her loveliest ornaments.-
three objects, before mentioned, cach individual | The peculiar texture of her mind, her strong
givos his or her name; and in the letter to the Re-
gistry office, the total numbers of each clase collected feelings and quick sensibilities, especially,
should be given without the numes.
qualify her, not only to sympathize with suf-
To provide for any occasion which may require an fering, but also to plead for thu oppressed;
authentication of nambers, it has been recommended and there is no calculating the extent and
that collectors' lisis should be preserved.
The smallest nunber of names will be cheerfully importance of the moral reformations which
received ; and previously to the opening of the re might be effected, through the combined es-
gistry in December, cummunicatious, post-paid, I ertions of her gentle influence and steady


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruot Colum.
$
Fy
resolation. No cruel institucions or fero That smild 10 meet my glance in days gone by,
cious practices could long withstand her a-
And watched in tenderness above my sleep,
vowed and persevering censure. Even slave || Who never more may home or parent see.
Now grown all dim with hopeless grief for me,
ry, that broadest scandal to her country's
laws that foules: reproach to her country's | When with glad heart I sprang across the hills,
'Twas a bright sunny morn,
religion that most pregnant cause of super-With my young sister, and beside the rills,
abounding crime and misery, which dooms Whose shining waves 'midst clustering ilowors
hundreds of thousands to the lowest ex-
were borne ;
tremes of human degradation, of moral and
While at at the cabin-door my mother stood,
physical wretchedness-could not long sur-
And watched our foot-steps to the distant wood
vive her zealous and steady opposition.
She never saw us more
For in the dead of night, while deep we slept
Within our uncle's home, the man-thieves crept,
From the Liberator.
With stealthy step, like tigers, lo our door ;
LITTLE SADO's stORI.
And, bursting in, they dragged us far away,
A kelpless, frightened, unresisting prey.
Robert Sutcliff, in his book of Travels in Ameri.
ca, relates the incident which has suggested the
Ah, lady! now thime cyes
following lines. Little Sado was an African boy,
Are wet with tears ;-then wonder not I weep,
who was rescued from an unlawful slave ship by a Within whose woking thoughts, or dreams of sleep,
United States frigate, and provided for by the Penn-
The memories of such scenes as this arise ;
sylvania Abolition Society with a home in a respect. That I shall never see my home again.
And worse than these, the constant thought of pain,
able family near Philadelphia.
Although treated with the greatest tenderness,' Three days they drove us on,
says Sutcliff, yet he was often seen weeping at the
A weary, wretched, and despairing band,
recollection of his near connexions. He said that
Until with swollen limbs we reached the strand,
himself and sister were on a visit at a relation's, Where 'neath the setting sun tho sea-waves
and that, after the family had retired to rest, they
shone ;
were suddenly alarmed, in the dead of night, by a Then gasping in the slave-ship’s hold we lay,
company of man-stealers breaking into their ha. And wished each groan might bear our lives away.
bitation. They were all carried off towards the
sea, where they arrived at tho end of three days,
Ah! thou cans't never know
and were confined until the vessel had sailed.' Of all our sufferings in that loathsome den,
• Not long after t'is negro boy had been brought And from the cruel and hard-hearted men,
into S. P's family, he was taken ill of a bad fever ;
Who mocked at all our anguish and our w0 ;
and, for a time, there appeared but little hopes of Until at length thy country's ship came by,
his recovery, although the best medical help was
And saved us from our depth of misery.
obtained, and every kindness and attention shown
Yet still, though not a slave,
to him.'
I am a stranger in a stranger's land,
• There being now scarcely any prospect of his Far severed from my own dear kindred band,
recovery, his mistress was desirous of administer.
By many a wide-stretched plain and rolling wate;
ing somo religious consolation, and observed to And, although even with ineo my lot is cast,
him, as he had always been a very good boy, she I cannot lose the memory of the past.
had no doubt that if he died at this time, his spirit
would be admitted into a state of eternal rest and
Then wonder not I weep :
peace.. On hearing this, he quickly replied :"1 For never can my lost home be forgot,
know that if I die, I shall be happy; for as soon as
Nor all the loved ones who have made that spot
any body is dead, my spirit will fly away to my fa-
The Heaven to which e'en yet amid my sleep,
ther and mother, and sisters and brothers in Africa." My hopes are sometimes turned-though thou bast
The boy recovered. His good conduct had gained
tanght
him the favor and respect of the whole family, and My waking hours a holier, better thought.
I have no doubt that the care bestowed upon his
education will in due time afford him a brighter
prospect of a futuro stale, than that of returning this sentiment of the Declaration of our Indepen-
"WE HOLD THESE TRUTHS," &c.--How does
to Africa.'
dence appear when compared with facts like the fol-
Why weep'st thou, gentle boy? Is not thy lot lowing ?-On the 18th of last month, as we learn by
Amidst a home of tenderness, and frində
New-Orleans papers, a man named R. Bartlett was
Who have been ever kind to thee? Thy heart sentenced to two years imprisonment, with a fine of
Should be too young for the world's biterness,
two hundred dollars, for harboring a runaway slave ;
And the deep grief, that, even amidst thy smiles, John Harney to thirty days imprisonment for beating
Seems scarce to be forgotten. Thou art good, a young boy; and a colored woman called Victoire
A very innocent and gentle boy,
Arnaud, 10 sixty days imprisonment for insulting &
And I would have thee happy. Is there aught white man ! !- Auburn Free Press,
Thou lackest with us, Sado? Did I not
In thy sore sicknoss, with a mother's care,
From the Salem Observer.
Watch by the couch, and nurse thee? Day by day
Have I not taught thee patiently ? and moro
EXTRACT.
Than earthly learning, showed theo of the wey
• But " har plaintive note of anguish
To win eternal happiness ? A better hope
Than that which only looked to Afric's shore,
Our exulting mirth restrains,
While a race of suff'rerz languish,
To find thy ſuture heaven!--
Doom'd to slavery's galling chains ?
Yes, thou hast done all this,
'Tis the hapless Afric, here,
And much more, lady! Thou hast been to mo
Sighing o'er his wrongs severe !
A true and tireless friend, and may there bo
Lid up for theo a full reward of bliss,
Olet kind commiseration
In that brig heaven of which ly's heard theo tell,
Plead for wronged humanity ;
Where God and all his holy angols dwell.
And with gen'rous amulation,
Let the suffring captive free !
Yet how can I but weep,
Ye who Freedom's blessing koow,
Whene’or I think upon the mother's eye,
Still the sacred boon bestow !!
11
}
16
TV


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruai Colum.
NOTICES COMMUNICATIONS-SELECTIONS.
The Olio.
it useful to remonstrate with them, for in
such, it is manifest that the moral sense must
be extinct ;--but we would address a word
or two to the community which tolerates
IQ Our limits are so narrow, that we are under them—who could indignantly spurn them
the necesity of p.stponing a great number of articles, from good society, and who, were they to
that we are anxious to lay before our readers mustapy reflect as they ought, would exert them.
such are now on file ;-and how long they must re-
main there, depends on the course of events, con selves unceasingly for the procurement of
nected with the system of slavery. The melancholly | laws which would make that a perpetual
and direful occurrences, of recent date, in Virginia,
penitentiary offence, by which men, (beings
&c. require due notice ; and it will be seen that a
large portion of our pages are occupied with details
however with human exterior) now make
thereof. We hope our correspondents will make due
fortunes. Laws to protect rights, ought to be
allowance for the peculiar staie of things, alluded to, made when a disposition to invade them be-
and excuse the frequent postponement of their valua comes apparent; but more especially, where
ble favors.
Jaws exist which coerce rights, should they
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
be repealed. In either case, the thoughts
and feelings, of those whose right it is to
EVENING WALK.
'Twas moonlight-every leaf was silent,
dictate in the matter, must be aroused and
And not a zephyr whispered through the grove.
exercised. If such scenes as are exhibited
In friendly mood, we wanuer'd forth, to where in a slave mart--such doings as are concom-
A spreading oak rear; its majestic form
itant with the accursed traffic, not merely
To Heaven. There, on a grassy hillock,
We reclin'd, and talk'd of Friendship's power,
in bones and sinews, but in minds and affec-
Its charms, and what we owe to it--and how tions, (for be it remembered, that wherever
It swetens life-how drear, and deoslate
the slave goes, his thoughts and affections
Would be this terrene world; how dull, how sad, go-and that to whatever severity his body
How wretched mankind, without this cement
may be exposed, his feelings must inevita-
Of the soul. We also talked of those who range
This vale of woe-to them, indeed a vale
bly sympathize,) connot awaken the profes-
Of woe-who ne'er know friendship's magic pow'r, sedly religious and moral part of communi-
Or having known, and tasted once its sweets, ty to active exertion, we must despair of
Forc'd by their brethren to resign them all.
Torn from their home-home of their youthful days—ety has always had within its bosom, those,
ever seeing a better state of things. Soci-
Where, in the true enjoyment of social,
Friendly intercourse, luxurious ease,
who have no “fear of God before their
And health, and peace, they liv'd in perfect bliss ; eyes,” and no moral restraining principle
Nor thought, nor dreamed of misery or woe,
within themselves--for such, laws are made.
Nor manacles, nor chains, nor dungeon's glooms. Would it not indicate a low state of moral
We talked of those, who for foul, desperate,
And dreadful crime, are doom'd to live and die,
feeling in that community, where horses
Incarcerated in dark, gloomy cells,
miglit be stolen or robbed, and sold with the
Where guilt and misery together dwell ;
knowledge of the community, at the same
And whero no friend of youth-no father dear, time it was known that no law existed to
Or mother, with affectionale regard,
Can come, to cheer the drooping, guilt-stain'd soul,
prevent it?
And ease it of its heavy load of woe.
We talked of these, and more, till Night's pale queen, From Poulson's American Daily Advertiser.
Had slow retired behind the Western hills,
ANOMALY IN NATURE.
And left us in the solitary gloom.
The undersigned, agent of a convention of
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
delegates, representing the free colored peo-
CASH IN MARKET.
ple of the United States, held in this city,
We wish to purchase one hundred and fifty likely || June last, conceives it his duty, and holds it
young Negroes, of both sexes, from 12 to 25 years as his privilege, in the name of said conven-
of age, f.uld hands, also Mechanics of every des- | tion, and in his capacity as agent, to contra-
cription. Persons wishing to dispose of slaves, | dict the misrepresentations, and deny the
would do well to give us a call, as we are determined | principles, propagated through the several
to give higher prices for slaves than any purchasers
who is now or may be hereafter in this market. Any papers, by an EXTRAORDINARY public meet-
communications in writing will be promptly attend ing, held at the City Hall, in the city of New
ed to. We can at all times be found at our resi: || Haven, on Saturday, 10th inst.
dence."
By what motives the Mayor, Aldermen,
Not from a desire to spare the feelings, or Common Council, and Freemen of New Ha-
to exempt from public reprehension, the per- || ven, could have been influenced, or by what
sons who issue the above notice, are the means excited to such exiraordinary mea-
names, residence, &c. withheld ;—but sim- sures, we cannot conceive! We are not ac-
ply because we should consider ourselves customed to being opposed by such dignita-
accessary to the nefarious traffic.
ries; heretofore the rabble, and they only,
In the first place, we cannot conceive it have thrown themselves in the way of our
possible to disturb the feelings of such per-| lawful and praiseworthy undertakings, nor
sons. They who can make a business of can we account for this great combat, with a
trading in their fellow-creatures—who have man of straw, and that too of their own cre-
learned to look with indifference on the dis- | ating, by these men learned in law, and high
tress which it inevitably produces, must be in authority. Such a formidable ARRAY,
lost to all feeling-must be callous as the since the days of antiquity, has not been
breecia of the Potomac ;--nor do we believe il seen, nor did we believe would be, until the
G.
A. Z.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
77
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
8. E. C.
end of time, against a cause so feeble and so N. B. The Agent of the Convention, who
unassuming.
is now soliciting subscriptions in this city,
The facts are simply these; the above na- feeling his cause injured by the gratuitous
med convention appointed a committee of insertion of the proceedings of the New Ha-
their own body, to take into consideration ven Meeting, respectfully claims of those
the situation of the free colored people of editors who inserted the former, a place for
this country, and to report such measures as this in reply.
in their wisdom they deemed most prudent
and advisable, for the amelioration of their
From the N. Y. Daily Sentinel.
condition, carefully guarding against any in-
NEGRO SLAVERY.
terference whatever with the slaves. The Under this caption, and in reference to the
committee reported as among the most effi- || Southampton massacre, we find in the Wash-
cient means, the establishment of a manual || ington Telegraph the following paragraphs :
labor college; in which habits of industry
“We have read, with no less surprise than regret,
might be inculcated, and a mechanical or justification, in terms, of the late massacre, upon
in the New York Sentinel, the bold and unqualified
agricultural profession obtained, while pur- || the ground that the slaves are entitled to their free-
suing classical studies.
dom. This declaration accompanies a statement
These were the simple, unvarnished views of an individual, who asserts that he was whipped
of the convention, in reference to the col- by a mob in Petersburg, Virginia, for having taken
lege; and how our infatuated fellow citi- || the part of the slaves. 'Fanatics should remember
zens of New Haven, can couple them with that, by the publication of such opinions, they ex-
cite jealousies, which create false fears, and tend
"immediate emancipation, insurrection or to produce an indiscriminate slaughter.
interference with the internal concerns and The miscreant who could, in cold blood, write
laws of the south,” we are at a loss to conceive. // and publish snch a paragraph as that to which we
We utterly deny having connected any
refer, is as dangerous to society, and deserves to
such ideas with the establishment of our col-
be treated as an incendiary or an outlaw."
lege. Whatever independent views indi- || remarks of Mr. Green, the editor of the Tele-
Before commenting at all upon the above
viduals of the convention or friends of the graph, we will copy.the paragraph for which
college may entertain, we do not pretend to | he says we deserve to be treated as an
say, nor do we intend to account for. Our
object is to ask the patronage of all the wise incendiary or an outlaw,” assuring him
that
and good, in behalf of the contemplated insti- || blood” as 'a man ought to possess while
we copy it, as we penned it, in as “cold
tution-an institution whose object and plan,
we think, need only be known, to secure the speaking of the wrongs and defending the
rights of his fellow men, and that we would
good wishes and prayers of this enlightened
community. We hope the opposition of our
sooner suffer our right arm to be cut off than
opponents and slanderers, whose hearts, we
erase a syllable which the paragraph contains.
“No one laments more the occurrence of such
trust, are right, while their heads are very
scenes as the Southampton massacre, than the wri.
wrong, will deter none of our friends and
ter of this paragraph, and no one is more desirous
fellow citizens, in this place or elsewhere, I of preventing the recurrence of such scenes; but
from lending us their liberal patronage. We
we believe that the only effectual method of pre-
shall wait in person on the citizens of this | venting their recurrence is to speak the truth in re-
lation to what has taken place, even though we are
place, during a few weeks to come, to re-
certain that it may prove unpalateable. Of what
receive their expression of good wishes and were the Southampton negroes guilty? Of putting
friendship to our brethren of color, and the to death men, women, and children. For what ob-
institution in which they are engaged.
ject? Plunder? No--there is no evidence that such
Confident that the authorities of New Ha-
was their object. On the contrary, almost all the
ven have no rights nor powers by which they | emancipate themselves, and they no doubt thought
accounts concur in stating that they expected to
can prevent the location of the college in that their only hope of doing so was to put to death,
that place, yet as friends to peace and good | indiscriminately, the whole race of those who held
order, being authorized, we have altered our them in bondage. If such were their impressions,
subscription book, so as to read New Haven were they not justifiable in doing so ? Undoubtedly
er elsewhere, for if the principles and doings || the declaration of independence tells us.* If their
they were, if freedom is the birthright of man, as
of the meeting of the 10th inst. be a true ideas respecting their chance of success were ab-
sample of that city, which, by the way, we surd, and their plans chimerical, it is attributable
cannot believe, we rejoice in being delivered to their ignorance. But who kept them in ignor-
from such a community.
ance? Those who have suffered so dearly by its
effects. Would the blacks have attempted their
In conclusion, we think the dignitaries of
this seaT OF SCIENCE, have descended be-
*Such is the reasoning of persons who are not
low themselves. It is beneath the gentle- || altogether. Of course, this doctrine is inadmissi-
wholly opposed to war. We disupprove of war
man, the patriot, or the christian, to endea ble with us. The reader is referred to the first
vor to crush a feeble institution in its infant || article, in the present number, for our sentiments
state, and an institution too, got up for the upon this subject. The above is copied to shew
best of purposes. Let the citizens of New
what are the views of some others in the United
Haven inform themselves on the subject of || States, with regard to it. It is proper that the
our college, and atone for the injury they opinions of each other in this respect: and to be
have done us, by liberally patronizing the so understood, their opinions must be published.
institution. SAMUEL E. CORNISH, There is no use in deceiving one another.
Agent of the Convention.
Ed. G, U. Emen.


78
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Rust Cælum.
foolish project, if they had possessed even the mere slaveholders, but it must be done as rapidly
rudiments of a common education ? Never. They || as.is consistent with the safety of both. In-
were in a state of brutal ignorance, and however
absurd or cruel were their proceedings
, if their ob- || stead of the number of slaves increasing,
ject was to obtain their freedom, those who kept || they must decrease, and instead of passing
them in slavery and ignorance alone are answera laws to keep them in ignorance, they must be
ble for their conduct. They were deluded, but || enlightened. Until these results are proda-
their cause was just."
ced, we shall hereafier bo much more open
And now for Nir. Green. "Fanatics," says || 1o the charge of excessive enthusiasm than
he, “ghould remember that, by the publica-
tion of such opinions, they excite jealousies, | reproaches of a mant who wrote a pamphlet
we have been hitherto, notwithstanding the
which create false fears, and tend to produce to prove that slavery is consistent with the
jodiscriminate slaughter." This being the
scriptures.
first time, to our knowledge, that the term
* fanatic" has been applied to us, we almost
^ Duff Green, editor of the United States Tele-
Involuntarily laid hold of our new edition of graph, printed at the Capital of the United States.
Webster, to see if we bad not heretofore mis-
understood the term. Here is Webster's de-
POSTSCRIPT.
finition of " fanatic" : “A person affected
ALARM IN DELAWARE !
by excessive enthusiasm, particularly on reli-
gious subjects ; one who indulges wild and The following may, or may not, be trae.-
extravagant notions of religion.” Now, as It is the wish of the advocates of slavery, in
the sentiments of the extract upon which Mr. ll this state, to raise a strong prejudice against
Green comments have no connexion with re-
ligious subjects, the first part of Webster's the colored people, and their friends, with
definition only was applied to us, viz. “ A the view of preventing the abolition of the
person affected by excessive enthusiasm.”
oppressive system, by the Convention, which
Instead of considering ourselves as justly I stitution. Such attempts at insurrection,
will shortly assemble to re-model the Con-
chargeable with “excessive enthusiasm” in
favor of the slaves, we conscientiously de- however, when actually made, should con-
clare that we believe we have been negli- vince every honest man of the absolute ne-
gent in relation to their cause, and our only | cessity of ridding the country of the horrible
excuse is, that the class to which we belong. || fountain of evil, as soon as possible.-Read-
and whose rights we endeavor to advocate,
are threatened with evils only inferior to those | er! Hast thou ever heard of a Negro insur-
of slavery, which evils it has been our prin-rection where they enjoyed their civil rights ?
cipal object and endeavor to eradicate. Wel-No indeed !-NEVER!!
might, however, have done more for the cause
PHILADELPHIA, Sept. 24.--We learn from
of emancipation than we have done, and we
are now convinced that our interest demands ) who is now in this city, that a few days since
a gentleman, a resident of Dover, Delaware,
that we should do more, for EQUAL RIGHTS
can never be enjoyed, even by those who are
a conspiracy was discovered to have been
free, in a nation which contains slaveites formed among the blacks in the county of
enough to hold in bondage two millions of || Sussex, with the object of revolting and ri-
human beings, many of whom are the progeny
sing against the whites. The day of election
of their enslavers ! —in a pation, in the capital || should be made. Fortunately, the plot was
was fixed upon as that on which the attempt
of which one paper* is supported which re-
commends the suppression, by the public au-
discovered, and twenty-four of the prominent
thorities, of a press advocating the cause of participators in it were arrested, and are now
the slaves, and anothert which calls it a crime in the prison of Sussex county. Apprehen-
for enslaved men to endeavor to emancipate Kent county, in the vicinity of Dover. Pa-
siops were also entertained for the quiet of
themselves, and justifies the claim of one
class of human beings to property in another trols walls the streets nightly, to prevent sur-
class. In a nation where these things are
prise, and many of the inhabitants continue
justified, without any effort, commensurate
in a state of much excitement and alarm."
with its magnitude, being made to eradicate One word more.--Why was the time of
the evil which induces their justification, || rising fixed on the Election day? Is it not,
there can be no security for any rights but indeed, a "plot" of the slaveites? As the
numerical and physical force. It is, there-
fore, the duty of every freeman-every friend
"Richmond Enquirer" says, Nous verrons.
of equal rights—to endeavor to avert from
his country the evils which threaten her, by
lending his aid to the adoption of measures
A mob, consisting of several hundred per-
for eradicating-totally eradicating the evil sons, in Providence, R. I. lately tore down
of slavery. This must be done by degrees, the houses of a number of colored people
as well for the safety of the slaves as the
* The National Intelligencer.
The excuse was, that their occupants were
* The National Journal.
disorderly the true cause, that they WERE
15
RHODE ISLAND MOB.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
79
14
Fiat Justitia Ruat Calum.
BLACK. The military was called out, and the number from any one Society shall not
several persons were killed, before the mob
exceed ten."
dispersod.
By the latest accounts, before this
DISGRACEFUL MALTREATMENT.
paper went to Press, all was quiet in Virgi-
A gentleman, of the name of Robinson, nia and North Carolina. " Gen. Nat" (as
was lately most cruelly whipped, and driven the principal instigator of the late rebellion
out of Petersburg, Virginia, merely for say- || is called,) is said to have been taken. Sir
ing that the blacks ought to have their free- colored persons have been executed in N.
dom!! The editors of the “Southern Reli- Carolina, charged with having been engaged
gious Telegraph" are, evidently, well pleased in projecting an ingorrection in that state.
therewith, because he is what they choose to
EXPEDITION TO AFRICA.
term an Ir fidel!!! This subject will be
The brig Criterion sailed from Norfolk for Liberia
further noticed.
on the 2d of August, with ample supplies and 46 emi-
grants. Of these thirty-nine were slaves manumit-
ted by the following individuals :--Mrs. Elizabeth
FRANKLIN SÉ ARMFIELD'S SLAVES—again. Greenfield, near Natchez, Mississippi, 18; Mr. Wil-
The Bahama Argus" states that a Col.liams, of Elizabeth City, N. C., 8; Gen. Jacocks,
of Perquimans county, N. C.,?; by Thomas Davis,
Morse, of New-Orleans, had arrived at Nas- | Esq., İMontgomery county, Md. 4 ; by L. W. Green,
sau, N. P. to claim the slaves wrecked on
Esq. Ky. 1 ; by H. Robinson, Esq. Hampton, Va.
1. The remainder, excepting the Rev. Mr. Cesar
Abaco, from the Brig Comet. The white and his wife, of Philadelphia, and a re-captured Af-
inhabitants wish to give them up,--but the Society of Friends in North Carolina. Of these lib-
rican from Georgia, had been under the care of the
Governor peremtorily refuses.
erated slaves, two only were above forty years of age,
and thirty-one of them were under thirty-five years,
and twenty-two were under twenty. The reports, (as
MEXICAN EMIGRATION.
we believe unfounded) industriously circulated by
A free colored man, a native of Florida, those unfriendly to the Society, in regard to the mor-
has published an address to the same class tality of the Colony, and the great efforts made to
prejudice the free people of color against it, have
of people in the United States, generally, doubtless operated to diminish the number of this ex-
pedition. These causes, we have reason to think,
recommending their emigration to Mexico. I will bo but temporary in their influence ; and even
The suggestion is an important one.
Well now, we have information of a large number ready
to embark for Africa, from the Western States. Two
shall bavo something to say about it anoa. or three benevolent individuals in Virginia are wait-
ing only for further favorable accounts from the colo-
ny, before liberating their servants, with a view lo
THE AMERICAN CONVENTION.
their settlement in Liberia. We are informed, that
We have been requested to insert the fol- within a few days past a number of free people of
color the same State have expressed their purpose
lowing Notice, thus early, in order that the
of romoving to the African Colony.-Af. Repository.
advocates of emancipation may be seasona-
bly advised of the change which has been
From the (Albany] African Sentinel.
The Rev. Nathaniel Paul, agent of the Wilberforce
Lade, relative to the time of meeting. settlement in Canada, and formerly Pastor of the
The 22d biennial stated meeting of the African Baptist Church in this city, arrived here on
" American Convention for promoting the Wednesday, the 10th inst, bringing with him letters
of instruction and other credentials, authorising him
Abolition of Slavery,” &c. will be held at
to visit Great Britain, to solicit such aid as may bo
Washington City, on the second Monday | conducive to the prosperity and future welfare of that
infant settlement.
inJanuary, next, at 10 o'clock, A. M.-
Mr. Paul's papers were signed
All the Abolition, Manumission, Anti-Sla- by His Excellency the Liout. Governor. The infor-
mation received from the above gentleman was truly
very,
and Free Produce Societies, in the gratifying, and it is to be hoped that the friends to
United States, are entitled to a representa-that and every other good cause, will assist him in
Lion, and are invited to participate.
his philanthropic exertions, so requisite to the imme-
On behalf of the Convention,
diate prosecution of his mission abroad. The state
of affairs in the settlement may be seen from the
ROBERT P. ANDERSON,
communication in this number, from the above place.
CHARLES S. COPE,
Editors friendly to the above-mentioned settlement,
Washington, September 23d, 1831.
will please give the communication an insertion in
b N.B. Printers of newspapers, favorable to
WILBER FORCE SETTLEMENT, U. C.
the cause of freedom, are respectfully re Mr. Editor-It will no doubt be gratifying to our
quested to give the above a few insertions. friends who, in different parts of the state of New-
Extract from the Constitution of the Convention. | Vork and elsewhere, have taken an interest in our
welfare, and have aided us in effecting this infant set-
"Art. 2d. The Convention shall be com-tement, to hear from us, to know how we are getting
posed of such representatives, as the respec- along : we therefore beg the favor of communicating
live Societies associated to protect the rights to them, through the medium of your very useful pa-
of free persons of color, or to promote the per, a short account of our affairs : Through the
Abolition of Slavery within the U. States, Lessing of God, we have all enjoyed our usual dan
of health. Wo have eructed for our accommo-
may think proper to appoint, provided that I dation confortable log buildings, and have a portion
-
Sec'ys.
their papers.
el


80
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fint Justitia Runt Cælum.
of our land in a state of cultivation ; our crops at lions of a thriving agricultural station have for the
present continue to smile upon the labor of our hands ; || present been disappointed.--Family Library.
we shall raise the present year nearly enough to sup-
ply the present number of settlers. The people are A Fact. It is the custom of many slave owners
industrious, and well pleased with their present loca-l in the state of Missouri, to let their slaves as ser-
tion; and it is believed that none of them could be vants to transient residents in the State. About ten
hired to go back to the states. Two religious socie years since, an army officer of high rank, then sta.
ties have been organized, one of the Bap ist, under || tioned at Belle Fontaine, hired a negro woman of
the pastoral care of Elder Nathaniel Paul, and the Mrs. St, of St. Louis. The woman not pro-
other of the Methodist, under the care of Eld. Enos | ving a good servant, was soon discharged, and the
Adams ; and we are happy to add, that the utmost officer immediately afier missed certain silver spoons
degree of harmony exists between the two churches. I and other articles of value. Circumstances concur-
A sabbath-school, under the superintendance of || red to fix the guilt on the woman, and the officer
Mr. Austin Steward, late of Rochester, is in suc wrote a letter containing a statement of the facts to
cessful operatiou ; and a day-school for the instruc- || her mistress. The next morning the slave appeared
tion of children, is taught by a daughter of Eld. Ben at the gentleman's quarters, destitute of all clothing
jamin Paul, late of the city of New-York; and in ad-
but a thin petticoat. She was followed by a male
dition to which a temperance society has been form- || slave, who held in one hand a tremendous raw hide
ed, consisting of about thirty in number; and the whip, and in the other a billet. The officer opened
voice of the people is decidedly against ardent spirits || it and read as follows:
ever being introduced as an article of merchandize • Mrs. St -'s compliments to Col.
among us.
There are, however, a number of fami- || She sends him the thief and a cowskin, and desire
lies who have emigrated from the states, whose pe- || him to make use of the latter, so as not to leave an
cuniary circumstances will not admit of their coming inch of her skin. But she requesis that he will spare
at present to join us, but are compelled to take lands her breasts, as she is giving suck to a very young
in the neighboring settlements upon shares, and hun child."
dreds more in the states are longing to join us, but on . Tell your mist.ess,' said the Colonel to the black
account of their limited means are not able to carry man, 'that she is a brute.' Then turning to the de.
their designs into effect. We feel grateful for past | linquent, he added, 'Go, woman, and sin no more.'
favors, but will not the eye of the Philanthropist be
turned toward their condition, and his hand opened
A London paper states, that the people of Hayti
to supply their wants, that they may thereby be en-
have sent ten thousand pounds of coffee to France,
abled to join their brethren, to help forward one of
for the benefit of the widows and orphans of the
the most noble enterprizes that was ever was started, French patriots who fell in the memorable days of
to elevate the too long degraded African this side thé
July.
Atlantic ?
The annual election of the board of Managers,
PREMIUM FOR RICE.
whose duty it is to appoint agents, and to take the
oversight of the general concerns of the settlement,
The sum of TWENTY DOLLARS will be given
took place July 1lth, when the following persons
as a premium, over and above the market price, for
were duly elected : -Austin Steward, Benjamin | Five Casks of Fresh Rice, of good quality, raised
Paul, Enos Adams, Will am Bell
, Philip Harris, || by Free Labor, and delivered in Philadelphia, to
Abraham Dangerfield, Simon Wyatt. The newly | Charles Peirce, before the 1st of June nesi.
elected board, considering the limited means of the (1832.)
colored people, generally, and the absolute necessity
The gentleman, above named, is well known as a
of pecuniary aid, in order to carry so desirable an object | very respectable Grocer in Philadelphia, who has,
into effect, and to secure its permanent character,
for several years past, made it a particular business
have re-appointed Mr. Israel Lewis their agent to
to keep articles in his line that are exclusively the
obtain collections in the states, and the Rev. Nathan production of free labour.
iel Paul, late of Albany, whose standing as a minister The premium, together with the niarket price, wil
of the Gospel, and whose devotedness to the cause
be promptly pait, on the delivery of the Rice, ac-
of his colored brethren, is too well known to need any || companied by proper reference and vouchers from
recommendation from us, to enbark for Englad fir some respectable person who is known in Philadel.
the same purpose. He will probably sail as soon as sphia.
the necessary means shall be obiained to defray the
expenses of his voyage-and should a kind Provi-
dence smile upon the exertions of our agents, we
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
have no doubt but in the course of a few years, that
Vol. XII.
this settlement will present to the public such a The object and character of this work are wel
state of ihings, as will cheer the heart of every well-
known. It has been published ten years, and circa-
wisher of the African race, and put to silence the lates in all the States of th's Union, in Canada, the
clamor of their violent enemies.
West Indies, Europe, and Africa. It is exclusively
By order and in behalf of the Board,
devoted to the subject of the Abolition of slavery,
AUSTIN STEWARD, Chairman. on the American Continent ard Islands,
Benjamin Paul, Secretary.
The work will, henceforth, be issued monthly. !!
COLONIZATION.-African colonization has never
will be neatly printed, on fine paper, and folded in the
been attempted in Africa, with an European popula.
octavo form, each number making sixteen large pages
tion, except on a limited scale. By much the largest
The price of subscription will be One Dollar per
colony is that founded by the Dutch at the Cape of annum, always to be paid in advance.
Good Hope, which was transferred to the English by
Subscribers who do not particularly specify the
the events of the last war. In 1827, it svas estima-
time they wish to receive the work, or notify the
ted to contain a population of 120,000, being nearly | tion of each current year, will be considered as enga;
editor of a desire to discontinue it, before the expira.
double the amount in 1798. About 47,000 were Eu-
ropeans, 28,000 Hottentots, and 35,000 slaves. Cape ged for the next succeeding one, and their bills wil
Town, which in 1824 comprised a population of 18,- be forwarded accordingly.
668, has probably increased to upwards of 20,000, | dollars remitted to the Editor, in current money of the
Agents will be entitled to six copies for every fire
and is now quite an English city, having newspapers,
and a South-African Journal, devoted to literature
United States,
and science; and mauy very intelligent inhabitants.
All letters and communications intended for this
Tenor twelve years ago, several thousand souls office, must be addressed (free of expense) to BEN-
were sent out from England to occupy the district of
JAMIN LUNDY, Washington, D. C.
Albany, in the eastern part of the colony. The set DP A few copies of the Eleventh Volume, como
tement has not been prosperous, and the expecta- "plete, for sale.
THE
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
EDITED BY B. LUNDY-PUBLISHED IN WASHINGTON AND BALTIMORE-$1.00 PER ANN.
"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, and endowed by their Creator with certain
inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."--Declaration of Independence, U. S.
No. 6. Vo4. II. THIRD SERIES.]
OCTOBER, 1831.
(Whole Number 270. Vol. XII.
TIIE SOUTHERN INSURRECTION. especially that portion of the human race which
We still continue to hear occasional rumors
is governed by the regulations of civilized soci.
of plots, and premeditated insurrections, in the ety, we are sometimes led to wonder at the ca-
south. Some confessions have been drawn priciousness of Fate, in placing arrogant dunces
from slaves, suspected of having been concerned
at the top of fortune's wheel, and men possessed
in the Southampton conspiracy, at different of modesty and wisdom beneath it! In no case,
times and in various places. We fain would | perhaps, will these observations more forcibly
hope that none of these “confessions” have been || apply than to certain aristocratic upstarts, in
'extorted by the fear of the whip; but when we this country, who have placed themselves in ed.
hear of the infliction of that instrument previous | itorial stations, and assumed the control of the
thereto, (which has frequently been the case,) | newspaper press. In numerous instances stu-
we are constrained to express our doubts of the pidity, ignorance, the most temporising policy,
correctness of much of the information thus ob- || and at the same time the haughtiest censorious
tained. But at a time when the public mind has | dispositions, are manifest.
become so highly excited, by acts of outrageous
But we shall not waste much time in prefa-
barbarity, it is in vain to expect that reason and | cing the few remarks we intend making, at pre-
justice will strictly maintain their empire, or sent, upon the subjects expressed in the head-
that the guilty and the innocent will always being to this article. We are not convinced that
properly distinguished. Such excitements re the gentry, to whom we now particularly allude,
semble the furious tornado, in its movements
are either politically, morally, or intellectually,
and counter-movements. Raging and whirling, as consequential as they fancy themselves to
and scattering or destroying, every thing falls | be! It were useless to while away our mo,
a prey to its indiscriminate ravages—the noblest | ments in fowling for jack-daws, when more im.
works of nature and the proudest of art, the portant game is in view.
beautiful things of the earth with the best insti In our last number we briefly adverted to the
tutions for the promotion of human happiness | circumstance that this work had been classed
-all, all are swept before it, as with the besom among what the advocates of slavery denomi.
breath of the fiend of destruction! How neces nate “ incendiary publications,” by a Virginia
sary, then, is it to avoid every species of violent paper; and that the editor of that print, as well
commotion, in our endeavours to produce a
as those of the “National Intelligencer,” had,
I holesome reformation in society. Have not by their remarks, entitled themselves to a little
the best reformations invariably been effected further notice. The following article appeared
by pacific means? Do the fierce tempests of || in the last mentioned paper, of the 28th ultimo.
passion, aided by physical violence, or the so The Genius of Liberty, published at Lees.
ber appeals of reasonable argument and moral | burg, in Virginia, in reference to some remarks
persuasion, tend most to humanize the savage tions in Boston, and their deleterious influence
of ours upon the character of certain publica-
on the tranquillity of the South, thus directs our
attention to a like publication, which, it is sta-
IGNORANT AND TEMPORIZING EDITORS.
ted, issues periodically from the press in this
city :
TYRANNICAL DOCTRINES.
“In approving of these remarks, we would,
While we are decidedly opposed to the use of not discourteously, remind the Editors of the
physical violence, in any shape, with a view of Intelligencer, that the grievance of which they
effecting the political and moral reformation in the publication of the 'Genius of Universal
complain is tolerated, to a considerable extent,
which we have long (though feebly) advocated, || Emancipation, printed and published in the
We are not disposed to listen, passively, to the city of Washington, and immediately under the
senseless tirade of every doltish or malignant || read its columns, and they can be at no loss to
eye of the city authorities. Let those editors
ignoramus, whom chance has elevated to public decide upon itş character.”
notice, or the accompaniments of wealth and We can hardly expect to gain credit from our
lexibility of principle have endowed with im- brother editor at Leesburg, when we assure
him that we were not aware of the existence of
pudence and transient consequence. Looking | such a Journal in this city as that which he
abroad through the diversified walks of mankind, I speaks of. We dare say, the same is the case
1
heart of man?.


82
.GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fint iustitia Krai (@lum.
with the people of Boston, in reference to the lotted them. Professing patriotism and practi-
“Liberator,” which is doubtless best known | cing philanthropy, just far enough to catch the
hitherward. We do remember having seen one
or more numbers of such a publication some popular breeze, they attracted the favorable éno-
twelve months ago; but it was of a compara- tice of some, while dullness marked their pub-
tively innocent complexion, and, such as it was, | lic carcer, and selfishntss and aristocratic pride
we supposed had been long discontinued. Well was conspicuous in their actions. The paucity
cannot believe, from some slight knowledge of
the editor, whose acquaintance we made about of correct ideas exhibited by them, relative to
the same time, that he would employ what abil. || the subject of emancipation, (their opportuni-
ities he possesses in stimulating one portion of ties for acquiring information considered,) is
the community to massacre the other, as has
been deliberately done under the influence of an
indeed surprising. The most stupid dolt that ef-
enthusiasm, which may be honest, but certainly er catered for a periodical, might well be asham-
is mischievous, in the other case referred to. ed of such acknowledgements, on the score of
This is not the first time that publishers of ignorance, as they have frequently made. We
newspapers, in Virginia, and the contiguous | read them a lesson upon this topic, a few years
States, have hurled their angry denunciations since, that they have not yet forgotten. Hence
against the Genius of Universal Emancipation.— their ill-mannered slang, above quoted. To do
But we do not recollect that the editor of the them justice, they know much more of the "Ge-
“Genius of Liberty,” with whom we have long nius of Universal Emancipatión” than they pre-
been acquainted, ever before uttered a syllable tend, or wish ;—and they may possibly, one
of disapprobation relative to it, when under the day, be still better acquaiņted with it. The fact
immediate charge of its present proprietor.- is, they desire to curry favor with the advocates
Whether he now thinks it necessary to censure of emancipation, in order to secure their patron-
us, merely to please his slavite customers, or
age; and, though opposed to their principles, they
whether his nerves have recently suffered so
DARE NOT argue the question openly and fairly.
much from the consequences of slavery as to ren- Therefore, a plan of temporising, a real or af-
der his vision obtuse, and derange his powers of | fected admission of ignorance, with a little mean
ratiocination, we shall not venture an opinion. ridicule of contemporary opponents, suit the
We had expected better things of him. But he prosing dullards far better than a manly, spirited,
has made his election, and while we grant that intelligent defence of the ground they choose to
he possesses a perfect right to assail us with his occupy. Despicable as this course of proceed-
qualified or unqualified abuse, he may be assu- | ing is, little more can be expected from men of
red that our buoyant bark has weathered too rather slender capacities, whom fortuitous cir-
many furious storms, to be capsized by a gentle cumstances have placed a degree above them-
“ white squall,” even in the torrid clime of sclves,
despotism. In case he chooses to identify
It appears that the livery-bearer of the Alexan-
himself with the advocates of slavery, let him
dria “Phenix Gazette” is also disposed to follow
speak out, as loud as he dare. If he advances any in the wake of the Leesburg journalist, abov
thing worthy of notice, he shall be attended to.
mentioned. He speaks of the Genius of Uni-
As to the affected ignorance, imbccile sncers, versal Emancipation, (as well as the “ Libera-
and silly criticism, of the “National Intelligen-tor,") as having“ obtained an infamous notorie-
cer,” we should not consider them worthy a
ty.” If the man could rightfully claim a more
moments notice, unconnected with the remarks dignified title than that of a mere harnessed parti-
of the Leesburg editor. Who are they, that
san--if he possessed a spark of independence,
thus arrogantly toss their heads and ulter their he might deserve somewhat further attention.-
pointless sarcasms, with little sense, and less of Malignant as his charge is, however, he finds an
dignity? A pair of court parasites, more noted endorser in the conductor of the “National Jour-
for political servility and fawning selfishness, nal,” who copies it without comment.—“Et ta
than either strength of intellect or extent of
Brute?”
general knowledge :—the one an English cock-
ney, with little to recommend him but his infla We designed, before concluding this article,
ted vanity, and the other a sprig of the negro briefly to comment on some of the tyrannical
aristocracy of North Carolina,-both of whom doctrines, promulgated through the medium of
are “all tņings unto all men” as far as their in- | the Press, at the present time;—but our limits
terests and“ abilities” go! With the mosť flexi-will not permit,--and the subject is deferred to
ble political principles, and the patronage of a future number. The proposition of the New-
government for a series of years, they have as York "Courier and Enquirer,” to increase the
sumed a standing and importance, among poli- standing army, and station iroops in the slave states,
ticians and newsmongers, that nature never al- lio PREVENT insurreciions, with the responses of


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
83
Fiat Justitia Kuu! Cum.
1
.
means.
2
sundry other journals, will then be duly noticed. || had been troublesome, and the slaves quiet, so
A few of the reverend clergy will, also, be respect that, unlike all other men, the blacks preferred
slavery to freedom, and must either be kept in
fully attended to.
bondage, or sent out of the country, to keep
them from butchering the whites. And yet the
CAPTING THE CLIMAX!
reverse of this has been the fact, if we have read
The Attorney General of North Carolina late- | the Southern papers correctly. We have heard
ly submitted a bill of indictment to the Grand of no single instance of a free colored man join-
ing with the insurgents.
Jury, at Raleigh, against Garrison & Knapp, of
Boston, Massachusetts ! for publishing and circu-
GARRISON'S VINDICATORS.
lating the “Liberator.” The Jury returned it a Our good friend Morris, of the Philadelphia
"true bill;” and what course will next be pursu- | Album,” is mistaken, in stating that we have
ed, remains to be seen. Perhaps they will be | undertaken to vindicate the editorial course of
demanded-alive or dead! by the Governor of Wm. L. Garrison. He stands in no need of
North Carolina.
our assistance --but is tolerably able to defend
In several other places it has been made pen-himself. We have said that, instead of urging
al for a colored person, bond or free! to take said violent means for the abolition of slavery, as
paper from the post-office! (Is this a “land of charged by the “National Intelligencer,” and
liberty?") The only effect that such measures other slavite journals, he advocates moral, pacific
can have, will be to give the “Liberator” a more measures, exclusively. We wish the truth to
extensive circulation. "Fanatical” as Garrison | be known, relative to the conduct of all engaged
is said to be, our slavites are aiding him, essen-
in our cause. Then each one may be responsi-
tially, in forming an acquaintance with the ble for his own acts.
public.
b The following is from the Albany “Af-
rican Sentinel,” of a recent date.. Let the dis-
FROM FRANCE.--"GLORIOUS News!"
cussion take place. Truth is elicited by such
Liverpool papers, to the 17th September, have
been received at New-York. The following is
A CHALLENGE.
Why do Colonizationists generally shrink from
really "good ncws, if true.”—
a fair contest on the merits of their system? For
The subject of the slave trade has been open- the best of all possible reasons-their cause is a
ed in the French Chambers. It appears that the weak one; and they scem to know it. It is the in-
emancipation of the negrocs, by a system of tention of the writer of this article to discuss the
preparation and gradual relaxation of the assu- subject with some fair and able (not to say rea-
med right of their holders, is seriously contem- | sonable) advocate of Colonization-ism. He is
plated.-English Paper.
willing to hold the discussion in any paper what-
Who is at the bottom of this movement in the ever, or in any manner whatever--and he here-
French Legislature ? The citizen of two na-
by challenges any opposer of African emancipa-
tion or advocate of the Colonization Society who
tions-the hero of two continents—the favorite dares defend his principles in the fair field of ar-
of two worlds—the immortal LAFAYETTE! ||gument, to discuss the subject. He doubts much
And not only is he laboring in the holy cause
the boasted courage of Colonizationists and is
now willing to test it.
there:-he has recently sent over a number of
He will thank his opponent whoever he may
Swiss and German settlers, to cultivate (exclu- | be, to signify his consent by addressing “ John
sively by free labor) his lands in Florida. This G. Stewart, Editor of the African Sentinel, Al-
experiment will, no doubt, be of the highest im- | bany,” post paid, who will, in concert with the
author of this communication, arrange the terms
portance to the United States.
for discussion.
GARDNER Jones.
Now York, Sept. 19th, 1331.
BLINDNESS OF TYRANNY!
It is strange that the people of Virginia &c. do It is said the leader of the Southampton
not see that it is the slaves, instead of the free insurrection, “Gen. Nat," alias Nat Turner, has
recently been taken, in the neighborhood of his
people of color, that are so troublesome to them! | tragic exploits. If this be true, the Virginians
Why do they not open their eyes to the true state will feel less apprehension of similar scenes, for
a time.
of things? The following remarks, from the
But had they not best take speedy
measures for the abolition of that system, which
“Genius of Temperance,” are to the point.-
gives birth to such bandits as
Gabrieis” and
SINGULAR MOVEMENT.-There seems to be a “Nat Turners ?”
general movement in Virginia on the subject of
the colored population. A memorial to the LPWe are again compelled to omit the in-
State Legislature has been got up. The removal || seriion of many articles, prepared for this nun-
of the free blacks seems to be the principal ob- || ber-among others the outrage committed upon
ject. In connexion with this, it is urged that the person of H. D. Robinson, at Petersburg,
the emancipation of slaves by individuals should | Virginia, and a notice of the proceedings of the
be absolutely prohibited except on condition of colored people's Convention at Philadelphia.
their being sent out of the country. A stranger For No. II, on the “Prevention of Slave Insura
would suppose from this, that the free blacks li reclions," see pages 94 and 95.
I
(6


84
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Carum.
1
1
0
and the mint, monopolies of tobacco, salt,
THE MEXICANS—(continued.)
pulque and gunpowder; lotteries and privileges,
We continue our extracts from the interesting the post office, stamps and tolls, &c. These are
paper before us. Adverting to the great re the ordinary ineans: the extraordinary ones are
sources of the Mexican nation, the writer pro- the property of exiled Spaniards who have taken
loans, contributions, donations, confiscations of
ceeds :-
arms again, and lastly repartitions, or the con-
After having given in the two preceding num. tingent of each state to make up deficiences,
bers an idea of the Mexican population and po- | which is seldom paid in time. The State taxes
litics, these sketches of the Mexican nation will are light, chiefly raised by local monopolies and
be concluded by a rapid survey of the immense excises or tolls, in the towns.
Mexican means of prosperity and greatness. Passing over some of his remarks, respecting
Such a topic might be very properly included | the monopolies, financial difficulties, &c., which
under the heads of finances, agriculture, com-
merce, mines, manufactures, army, church and are to be considered incident to a revolutionary
state.
state of things, and merely temporary, we quote
But before noticing these branches of national the following important views and statements;
wealth, it may be needful to recur again briefly
to the important fact, that the whole population they will command particular attention.
is free, and yearly increasing, notwithstanding No country has more need of one or more
all the checks from civil war and struggles, do- banks than: Mexico, where so many metallic
mestic quarrels and local difficulties. There is transactions take place; but the idea of a bank
no slavery to weaken the social system, and is yet unpopular, because the parties distrust
nearly all Indians are cultivators, except a few each other, and fear the abuse' made of them in
straggling small tribes in the north. The various the United States. The people are afraid of pa-
ancient nations of different speech have all blend- l per money, of which they have happily been
ed under the proud name of Mexicans, and pos- | preserved, notwithstanding the attempt of Itur-
sess unanimity of national feeling. Thus the bide; and thus they are so far better off than the
Mexicans start into the rank of independent na United States in 1783.
tions with a double population, at least, than Many other financial resources could be stated
the United States in 1783, and with thrice as many or found ; but the sale of public lands is begin.
freemen. These freemen have increased one ning to draw peculiar attention. The Mexicans
million between 1825 and 1830, or one in seven have one thousand millions of acres of good land
within five years; this rate would double thc (besides as many of barren land) to sell to colo.
whole population in thirty-five years—in much || nists, which, at the assumed rate of forty cents
less when peace and security shall return. A per acre, may produce, in future, four hundred
striking fact to prove this may be found in the millions of dollars. Thus they will sell land
State of Michoacan, the cradle of the revolution, cheaper than the Uaited States, and at a longer
and that has most suffered, having increased credit of six years. This land is suitable for su-
from 365,000 in 1822, to 450,000 in 1827, or gar, cotton, and all useful staples may be culti-
85,000 in five years, at the rate of nearly 25 per vated by freemen; and any poor man, white, red
cent., which would double the population in 20 or black, can buy it without a cent in his pock-
years. Thus it is not unreasonable to suppose let, and raise enough on it before the price is
that, in 1850, the Mexicans may be fifteen or due to pay the small cost, and be wealthy to
sixteen millions, and in 1870 perhaps thirty milboot!
lions, which the North Americans can scarcely This leads to a survey of Mexican agriculture.
exceed then, even with their slaves.
No country is more favored by nature. Low-
The finances are really in a wretched state, lands and table-lands, from Texas to Yucatan,
but the same was the case in North America can produce every production of the globe. Su-
between 1774 and 1789. It may even be assert gar, coffee, and cocoa, as well as cotton, wheat
ed that there is hardly any system of finances, and wool, besides the peculiar staples of vanilla,
and yet the country offers the most ample means | jalap, cochineal, &c. A farmer or settler has
to build one, if able hands could manage them, only to choose and consult his convenience or
and a Hamilton be found. The Ministers of abilities, and iſ industrious, instead of lazy, he is
Finances have all been unskilful or greedy:--sure of wealth and comfort. In the settled parts
The late one, Zavala, chosen by Guerrero, and Indian laborers are easily procurable; twenty-
of the patriotic party, is accused of having | fivecents a day are the average wages of their free
embezzled vast sums either for himself or his labor; but there the land is all in the hands of
party, and has been exiled for it. During the | the aristocracy, some of whom own estates as
revolution every thing was disorganized; the large as a county in the United States. If they
mines and mint almost suspended; collections could be induced to parcel them on long leases
became difficult; the capitation tax of the In or ground rents, they would become richer still;
dians, which produced about $1,400,000, was and as many wealthy Patrons, like the Rensel.
very properly abolished, and every thing was laers of Albany, in New York; while the land
thrown in a confusion from which it has not yet || would be filled with farms and gardens, as it is
fully recovered.
in Oaxaca, the ancient estate of Cortez, and
Before the revolution, the revenue of Mexico other places, where Indians are land holders
was about twenty millions of dollars, of which || upon a moderate quit rent. These estates are
half was sent to Spain, and half spent in the in- variously appropriated; some are mere cattle
ternal administration. In 1828, the federal in- | farms of vast extent, while others are immense
come was only about fourteen millions, all spent sugar plantations.
in the country, and yet the army, interest of Sugar, coffee and cotton can be raised cheaper
loans, and everything else, was in arrears. The than in the United States or the West Indies,
State taxes and revenue were independent of and by free labor; but owing to the civil trou-
this. This federal revenue arises from customs Il bles, not enough are now raised for the home
T
th
a
gr
CT
ih


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION,
85
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
.
consumption, and some are still imported from spent twelve millions of dollars, or more, in
Cuba, Jamaica and Louisiana. The bad system draining old or exhausted mines, instead of seek-
of fallows is universal; three-fourths of the large ing for new ones; introducing useless and expen.
estates are thus kept, and one-fourth planted by sive machinery, importing miners from England,
turns in the annual staples. Plantations of coffee who are of less use than the Indians; and the
trees, olive trees, grape vines, and other perma- result has been that all these companies (except
nent cultures, are but few as yet; oil and wine perhaps the German, which was more judicious-
are, however, made. Cocoa, maguey, vanilla ly conducted) have failed in their expectations
and cochineal are also perennial staples, well of great wealth, sunk a vast capital, (some mines
E cultivated by the Indians in some districts. The are not yet drained, after five years labor,) pro-
other agricultural produces are indigo, pimento, 1 duced but little silver, and become discouraged.
tobaco, alloes, maize, wheat, pulse, &c., besides | But the mineral wealth of Mexico is not ex-
the great animal staples of cattle, mules, horses, || hausted. Three thousand millions of silver have
sheep, wool, hides, wax, honey, &c. Rice, silk, been drawn from them in three hundred years,
and a few other productions, are little known, or an average of ten millions of dollars per an-
but might be very easily introduced. Irrigation num; as much remains, if not more, but it must be
is well practised, even by. Indians, but manures sought for, and the practical simple mode of the
are unknown.
Indians resorted to again. In the single smaller
Maize, or Indian corn, is the chief food of the mint of the patriots, in Zacatecas, they have
Indians, (with chocolate and fruits,) and eaten coined fifty-four millions of dollars between 1810
in the shape of tortillas or flat cakes. A Mexican and 1227, in the midst of a cruel civil war, ave.
laborer or soldier can live upon the daily value | raging three millions per annum. It is expected
of two cents! The produce of maize is wonder that in 1835, if peace then prevails, 24 millions
ful; an acre has been known to yield two hua- of bullion may be produced in all metals, as be-
dred bushels; and some stems are twenty feet | fore the revolution.
high, with five to six large cars. Wheat only It has lately been ascertained that the great
grows well on the table land, but there com mineral wealth extends far to the N. W. beyond
monly yields twenty-five for one, while in Eu- | the supposed limits of lat. 24, and much beyond
s rope only ten ortwelve on an average, and in the Sonora ; and there the ores are richer, yielding
best land of Kentucky only twenty-two for one. six per cent. of silver, while in the south they
In the irrigated lands of Mexico it has even yield- || hardly give two per cent. Mining has been con-
ed forty to eighty for one!
sidered as a lottery, but in Mexico it is rather a
To produce one million of pounds of sugar, || manufacture of bullion. A great deal depends
I only 150 laborers are required, 100 men and 50 on a good location. In old mines the working
boys; while 300 are required in Cuba and Lou- is always half of the amount or more. The bane-
isiana. The production of Mexican coffee is stillful system of the Mita, or compulsory labor of
easier ; 20 men can attend to 200,000 trees, the Indians, at the mines of Peru, was never in.
which produce an average of 500,000 weight.-troduced. The usual mode latterly was to work
Thus free labor will sooner or later supersede on shares, the owner allowing half the silver to
the need of colonial slave labor, and slavery may the Indian miners : this they liked well, because
cease by becoming useless and unprofitable. it gave them a chance of great profit. The
Although the Mexicans wiil chiefly become a mining companies will be compelled to return
great agricultural nation, commerce will follow to this plan.
pas usual in the train. Between two great oceans, Sugar making is also a complicated manufac-
they will turn their attention after the peace to ture, in which the Indians are likely to supersede
greater intercourse with Europe, North Ameri- negroes. Brown sugar can be produced by them
ca, China and the East Indies. At present the at the low rate of one cent and a quarter per
whole trade is in the hands of strangers, chiefly pound. In Cuba the lowest rate is two cents,
inglish and North Americans. Of the vessels and in Louisiana three and a half cents per
to let entered Vera Cruz in 1926, only 626, were pound. There a negro slave only raises 4000-1b.
Mexican, and all coasting vessels ; 400 Ameri- of sugar : in the fertile soil of Mexico an Indian
cans, 95 English, 50 French. The English can actually produce 8000 lb. yearly.
trade has since greatly increased. Severalports The manufactures in which the Indians excel
are open on the east and west shores, yet it is are jewelry, pottery, sculpture, carving, and all
said that the imports and exports have fallen in | the ornamental arts; they are also good painters,
amount since the revolution. This may be as- | musicians, masons, &c. They make beautiful
cribed to the cheaper value of the imports, and and wonderful vases, similar to the admired
the lesss bullion exported.
Etruscan vases of antiquity; toys of all kinds,
Mexican mines are indeed much fallen oft, and wax figures, feather mantles, and mosaics, masks,
no longer the same source of wealth as former- | ornaments, saddles, colion cloth, ornamented
ly, although three great impediments were re- cloaks of great value, &c. They are susceptible
moved at the revolution : 1-The duty on silver of being taught any other art, being skilful and
and Gold was reduced to 3 per cent., it was 10 industrious in all their pursuits. All kinds of
per cent. before. 2—Quicksilver foramalgama- | European manufactures were discouraged or for-
tion has been made duty free. 3-Several local bidden by the Spaniards, and the late struggles
mints have been established; formerly all the have not allowed yet of turning their attention
bullion was to be coined in Mexico alone. Be-| that way:
The English and foreigners have
sides foreign capital and machinery were intro- | also supplied all their wants at so cheap a rate,
duced, but could not compensate for the Spanish compared with former prices, that they have not
capital withdrawn, (140 millions,) and the local felt the need of a change.
difficulties of insecurity, prejudices, inexperi But a change must happen when trade, com-
ence, want of ſnel, &c.
merce, good roads, and manufactures will be at
In 1823 was established the first English min- | tended to. Every thing is to be created in that
ing company. They are now 10: English, 7; way. Planters and manufacturers will realize
North American, 2; Gorman, 1. They have ll in Mexico greater wealth than the miners | The


86
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fit Justitia Ruat Calum.
E
C
0
T
0
Creoles disdain all kind of handicraft ; they ap-
The following are the concluding obscrvations
ply themselves merely to agriculture, trade and
of our author:-
professions; foreign mechanics have therefore
ample scope. Even taillors, shoemakers, car Those states forming the Federal Union are
penters and smiths, can realize two to four dol- very various in climate, soil, productions, popu-
lars per day, while Indians are content with 25 lation and views. The most populous is the
cents. Clothing of all kind is very dear. Hats, ll central one of Mexico, which has a million of
coats, shoes, shirts, &c. are the bat articles to population: it was 990,000 in 1928. The capital
import;
the next are iron, liardware, hosiery, is Tescuco, the city of Nexico itself being the
glass, paper, silk goods, dry goods, woollens, | federal city only. The smallest state and least
&c. The French wines have superseded Spanish | populous is Tabasco, having only 55,000. It
wines. The first manufactures needed in the may be compared to Rhode Island in the United
country are paper, gunpowder, hats, glass, arms, States.
wollens, &c.
The state of Durango is the only one which
The laws of the country are mild. All crimes | has a population nearly all white, of 175,000.
are judged by the Federal Courts, the State | The different Indian nations are scattered in all
Courts having only cognizance of civil suits. A || the other states: they only differ in speech, and
Federal Attorney watches in each State over the are mostly cultivators, one tenth part only being
local laws, so as to prevent any unconstitutional miners, mechanics, tishermen, shepherds, and
infringement. This may be deemed an improve- soldiers. The Aztecas are the most' numerous ;
mentover the federal system of the United States. next the brave Tarascas of Michoacan, who be.
Trial by jury has not yet been established, be- gan the revolution; the handsome Miztecas of
cause the people are not quite prepared for it.-- Oaxaca, who are called the Circassians of Mex-
But there is no imprisonment for debt-the shame ico; besides the Otomis, Zacatecas, Huaste-
of the United States ! Credit is low, because the cas, and many more.
While in the north are
country is unsettled, and because payment may the Mayos, who have a population of 60,000–
be postponed a long while by lawyers, and by their chief town has 10,000. The Opatas have
bribing the officers of the law. Indeed bribery | thirteen large towns in Sonora, and form two-
is a glaring evil in the whole system of govern- | thirds of the population. The Yaquis, who
ment, borrowed from Spanish precedents and made war on the Spaniards till 1825, and now
practice, as the United States have borrowed from their king is become a federal General, General
England to put debtors in jail and hold slaves. Cienfuegos. General Salvador was also once
king of the Opatas. All these are very clever,
We omit the writer's 'statements in relation | docile, industrious and warlike tribes. There
to the number and condition of the military | are also the Guicholas of Xalisco, the Yumas,
forces; as reductions are making, and will be Nabajos, Seres and Apaches of New Mexico,
and
further made, no doubt, in a short time. When
many other tribes in Texas, New Mexico
and California, more or less civilized, common-
the independence of the government shall belly dwelling in towns or missions, except the
acknowledged, at least, this will be done. wandering Apaches and Cumunchas, formerly
Some of his remarks, respecting the Church, | formidable robbers, but now mostly conciliated
and friendly
are also superfluous at this day. But the fol-
Thus the Mexican nation,enjoying a fine cli-
lowing paragraphs possess a considerable de- || mate and soil, much wealth, and many elements
gree of interest, as they show that an important of prosperity, cannot fail to become powerful
change in the state of religious affairs may, ere
and respected. It is a mistake to suppose the
long, be expected.
country unhealthy, because there are some nar-
row strips of lowlands along the shores which
Nuns are diminishing; very few have become are subject to local diseases in the summer.-,
such latterly, and no young ones; only a few old These strips extend from Tampico to Tabasco ?
women tired of the world, or rather dissipation. the east; but a stranger by coming there be-
Young monks are more common. The sons of tween Novenber and April, or by removing at
Creoles embrace the profession, as a wealthy, orce 40 miles inland, if he comes in summer,
indolent mode of life. Monks have few restraints will be perfectly safe. The Vomito prieto, or
--they go out any where, frequenting even gam- | Black Vomit, of this zone, is a kind of yellow
bling houses, theatres, and places of amuse- fever modified by the climate, and not much
ments; their morals are very low. Thus they | worse than the summer disease of New Orleans.
are despised: the Creoles and Indians are waver Others say that it is a kind of gastronymic fever,
ing in their former respect, and even religious which assails at once the liver, spinal marrow,
belief.
and the brain. One of the most simple reme-
Nothing can better show the state of the pub- dies in use, and which is often effectual, con-
lic mind on this score, than the fact that books | sisls in speedy and repeated doses of a mixture
against the Catholic religion are openly printed, of castor oil, lime juice, and sea salt. Nine
sold, and read, even by the monks. The Cila- ténths of the country are healthier than the
tuer of Lebrun, a work ridiculing in the most most healthy parts of the United States, not be-
open manner the whole national belief, was ing liable to consumptions, fevers, nor rheu-
lately translated and printed at the government || matisms.
press. Every body laughed with it, and even
the monks joined in the laugh. It is evident the
Taking every thing connected with this sub-
government wishes to pave the way to a gradual | ject into view the advantages enjoyed by col-
religious reform and liberty of conscience. The ored people, in the Mexican Republic, and their
church property, if taken or borrowed by the
nation, might lay a foundation for credit and present precarious situation here—we feel war-
prosperity ; but if it is wasted by the military, it || ranted in devoting a considerable space in our
may as well be let alone.
pages to an illustration of the state and condi-
ST
CO
01
L
bus
of
21
his
A
ac
ha


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
87
Fint Justitia Runt Cælum.
Tia.
OU
si
be
anet
im
perc
aqu
che la
EL
tion of that government and country. A very Nothing can be farther from the intention of
minute and particular description of the prov-interfere with, or say any thing disrespectful
the writer of this communication, than either to
ince or territory of Texas is laid off for inser- 1 concerning the acts of the great and indepen-
tion in next month's Genius. The time has dent State of Ohio, or of any other government,
come, when we think it proper to say: That of in their acts of legislation ; or even to enquire
all the places ever mentioned, as suitable for nication merely originates in a wish to put these
whether they do right or wrong. This commu-
the emigration of our southern colored popula- unfortunate objects of oppression on their guard
tion, this is the most inviting, and the most de- | against placing themselves rashly in a situation
sirable. Our reasons will be given more at which, though flattering at first view, might not
be permanently to their advantage.
length hereafter. The slaveites of this country Although the British Constitution, under
are done with Texas. Wo to them ! if they ev-
which Canada is now governed, offers an am-
er attempt (by force) the annexation of any every settler ; yet Canada is only a Provincial
ple guarantee against prejudice or injustice to
portion of the Mexican territory to the “United Government, and may, at some future period
States of the North;” and it certainly will never not far distant, lose the advantages of that pro-
be otherwise accomplished.
tection; which probability, when taken into
consideration, and added to the extreme cold-
We close this number with an extract from a ness of the climate, so uncongenial to the feel-
Circular, entitled “PREJUDICE AGAINST Color,” | ings of the colored people, argues strongly a.
written by “ A Free Colored Floridian,” and re-
gainst the growth of a colored settlement in
Canada.
cently published in the New-York Daily Senti-
The consideration of the above facts would
nel and Working Man's Advocate. His views induce the writer of this, himself colored, a native
on this subject are enlarged and liberal; and of Florida, and now a resident of that Territo-
we are pleased to learn that they are approved | ry, and feelingly alive to their success, to re-
commend them to look towards Mexico, as a
by many of our most intelligent colored people. I place of safety and permanent refuge. The co-
The editor of the “ African Sentinel” copies the lored people of these States are now loudly cal-
whole article, and speaks of it as “a produc-led upon by the imperious laws of necessity and
tion worthy of calm consideration, especially behalf—to mitigate, if possible, the cruel system
self preservation to do something in their own
in these times, so fraught with prejudice and of persecution now carrying on against them,
tyranny; and if," he adds, “the constitution of and which, in the Southern States, threatens
their
Mexico recognizes no distinction of colors, the
very existence.
Notwithstanding that the present aspect of
subject may claim much of the attention of our Mexico is unfavorable, and does not at this mo-
countrymen.” A perusal of the article which ment offer a very great protection to industry,
we have just had under review, will convince yet this passing political agitation, with which
private individuals have little to do, is perhaps
every one that the constitution and government | only temporary, and can hardly hinder their
of Mexico do not recognize any such distinc- | progress as settlers, which would depend upon
tion; but that all are upon a perfect political e their own industry and peaceable behaviour.
quality in that Republic.
In the first place, it is conveniently situated,
being contiguous to most of the Southern States
Want of room precludes further remarks at the climate is mild, healthy and pleasant, for
present. The subject will again be adverted to people of dark complexion; land it is presumed
The following is the extract from the article
can be obtained from individuals upon very fa-
written by “A Free Colored Floridian,” as a-
vorable terms, or from Government gratis-cot-
ton, sugar, corn and stock are soon raised where
bove mentioned. His objections to an emigra- || there is little or no winter to kill the vegetation;
tion to Canada, will apply forcibly to the south- the country is boundless in extent, and either
ern colored people; but not, generally, to those entirely uninhabited or thinly settled with peo-
of the north.
ple who are mostly colored and entirely free
from all prejudice against complexion. The Con-
"The free colored people have never asked stitution and laws of Mexico recognize no differ-
for more than constitutional protection to person ence of merit on account of color, between the
and property; and this is granted to all free different shades of the human race; and this
people in all civilized countries, with one ex-gives great advantages to a dark complexion
ception; that exception is the United States. over that of a Danish or Saxon origin, which
Many humane and liberal thinking statesmen | could not long endure the toils of agriculture of
throughout the Union, feel humbled at some re a warm climate.
cent traits of severity and injustice manifested In the second place, the vicinity of the South,
by individual State Governments, more espe- ern States, where the free peace of color are
cially when such aggravated acts of injustice now looking around for an asylum to relieve
originated in states where slavery was consti- | themselves from a situation worse than slavery,
tutionally prohibited; Ohio, for example, in its and from which they would fly to any place of
acts of oppression against its free colored inhab- refuge, where the climate was congenial to their
itants, by which their existence seems so far to existence, and where their persons and proper-
have been threatened as to induce an attempt ties were constitutionally protected, or where
on their part to seck refuge under a foreign gov- they could peaceably exist by the fruits of their
Ernment, in a climate ill suited to thcir natural own industry.
constitutions.
A settlement thus located could not fail of
zafy
les
Trees


88
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Colun.
A FREE COLORED FLORIDIAN.
having the support and good wishes of all the || Morristown, in New Jersey, would be a far more
humane and liberally thinking people within eligible situation, every thing considered. The
the United States, or wherever the imperious | neighborhood of Belville has also been spoken
causes of the migration of the colored people
were known. And there are those to be found, |of. Either would answer well. The principal
who would interest themselves in their behalf || advantages of the former place would be its re-
with the Mexican Government, so as to obtain
moteness from any great city, and its salubrious
lands for settlement, and who would even liber-
ally contribute their means to promote such healthy climate. In whatever section of the
establishment.
country it may be located, it has our warmest
The first step should be, to apprize the Mex- | wishes for success.
ican Government of their objects and intentions,
and to obtain the good wishes of the local au-
thorities of that country, so as to protect the
AN EXCELLENT HIT!
first emigrants in their settlement, to locate on The following is copied from the N. Y. Daily
good land, where there should be a direct and
Sentinel. A better delineation of slavite cha.
convenient communication by land or water; || racter and logic (as far as it goes) was never
with the United States; as well to obtain sup-
plies and to export produce, as to faeilitate the presented to the public. We could indulge in
introduction of new settlers of property, who a little mirth at the expence of these gentlemen
mostly live on the seaboard of the Southern
States, and who would sell out their property at
of the lancet, the pill-box, and" cat-o-nine-tail,”
any sacrifice to free themselves from the state of but the subject is too serious, and the inhumani-
bondage under which they now exist; for what ty of their sentiments is too horribly glaring.
can be greater bondage than to exist without
DissECTION IN SLAVE STATES.—in a pros-
rights, fair subjects of wanton oppression, un-
recognized by any permanent protection, either pectus of the South Carolina Medical School,
legislative or constitutional?
says the London Mechanic's Magazine, we
meet with the following passage :—“Some ad-
vantages of a peculiar character are connected
with this institution, which it may be proper to
point out. No place in the United States offers
COLLEGE FOR COLORED PEOPLE.
so great opportunities for the acquisition of ana-
With pleasure we insert the “Appeal to the || tomical knowledge, subjects being obtained a.
Benevolent,” (see page 96,) on behalf of an in-mong the colored population in sufficient num-
stitution which must have an important effect carried on without offending any individual
ber for every purpose, and proper dissections
in elevating the character of the colored people in the community.”—The colored population,
of this country. It is true that, in general, we then, according to the faculty of South Caroli-
prefer the establishment and support of common
na, form no part of their “community.” They
have no feelings to be respected or offended !!
schools, to those of, what are called, a higher | You may cut up and mangle them as you please:
order. Our sentiments are thoroughly demo- they are but blacks, and no more to be regard-
cratic. But with respect to the colored race at
ed than any other beasts of the field. Of a truth
slavery must have a most debasing and halluci-
present among us, a little strong machinery is nating influence on all around it, when men of
wanting to raise them from the unfortunate po a liberal profession can talk thus of beings
sition to which a great portion of them have
created with like feelings, affections, and rights,
been reduced; some extra stimulants must be withstanding the white-skin pride of birth of
to themselves. It is singular to think that, not-
applied, to call forth the exhibition of their na these cat-o'-nine-tail centry, they should have
tural powers of mind; and nothing, perhaps, found out that, after all, a dead black man is
would be better calculated to effect this than quite as good as a dead white man for every
purpose of anatomical inquiry has the same
the measure here proposed. It is, indeed, gra- . bones and sinews-ihe same veins and arteries
tifying to perceive that it meets the approbation -has the self-same sort of vital fluid—and (per-
of the true friends of the colored race, in various haps) all but the same sort of-heart. Death is,
sections of our country, of different religious indeed, a great teacher-a mighty leveller of
distinctions !
persuasions. Several of the most noted clergy-
men of Philadelphia have signed recommenda-
The editor of the Boston “Christian Regis-
tions approving of it. Many of the members of ter,” speaking of the prospect of a speedy aboli
the society of “Friends” have also expressed tion of slavery in the British West Indies, ob-
their concurrence in the plan, though they would
prefer a different name for the institution.
“What effect this measure, which is now
Since the absurd and foolish proceeedings of called for by the almost unanimous voice of the
the people of New Haven, respecting the loca- British people, and which cannot long be delay.
tion of this College, some doubts have been ex-
ed, may have upon the institution of slavery in
our own country, we shall not venture to pre-
pressed by those concerned, as to the propriety | dict. This much, however, seems to us certain,
of pursuing the course originally contemplated. that the abandonment of this pernicious system
Indeed we think that it would not be advisable | and powerful tendency to produce the same re-
in the British colonies, must have an immediate
to establish it at that place. In our opinion, ll sult in the Southern States.”
serves :


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Kuat Cælum.
C ET
Ladies* Repository.
they may find in the wish to preserve their own
safety, and the safety of those they love, a
Philanthropic and Literary.
stronger incentive to exertion. We need not
PRINCIPALLY CONDUCTED BY A LADY. say how deeply interested the females in the
Southern States must be to avert the horrors of
WOMAN'S INTEREST IN EMANCIPATION.
a servile war. Those of the North may be
"The God of Israel bared his red right arm
themselves personally exempt from danger, but
And burst the bonds of Egypt. Sparta shook
Beneath the Helot's grasp ; and Hayti's firm
have they fathers, and brothers, and husbands,
And new-born vigour the bare sceptre struck and sons, whom they are willing to yield up for
From her oppressor's hold. Thence springs a germ,
Which threatening, warns us to beware the shock.
immolation on the terrible altar of revengeful
Columbia view it! And, ere yet too late,
war? The states of the north have pledged
Beware the Spartan's or the Spaniard's fate.”
themselves that, if needful, northern blood shall
There are other feelings besides sympathy || be poured out in support of southern oppres-
with the oppressed, and detestation of the crime | sion ;-and how many may tremble to think
of oppression—other reasonings of à less disin- | that perhaps their beloved ones will be among
terested nature than the desire to rescue a large | the number of the victims! But let it be remem.
portion of their own sex from a state of misery bered that it is only by the failure of present
and shameful degradation—though we might duty—by neglecting to do justice and love
suppose these of themselves would be sufficient | mercy-by refusing to obey the commands of
to induce the females of the United States to
the Almighty, that so fearful a calamity is to be
lend all their influence and their united exer- | apprehended for their country.
tions to any measure that may tend to promote
the extinction of slavery. If they were con-
FEMALE SLAVES.
scious that a mine had been sprung underneath There is an affecting picture of a portion of
their dwellings, would they not hasten to escape the miseries which slavery entails upon our sex,
from them, and urge all around them to fly conveyed in the following paragraph from the
from the perilous vicinity ? Yet on the system | Washington Spectator. The system of traffie
of slavery, which, unless its dangerous materials to which it alludes, and men who are engaged
are speedily removed, threatens in its explosion in it, are the foulest blot that ever disgraced a
to convulse our whole country, they not only country. “It is no uncommon thing to see a
gaze without alarm, but in many instances | young female slave, on ascertaining that she has
without even making an attempt to avert such | been purchased by one of the merciless traders
a catastrophe. That the present state of things for the southern market, flying from house to
cannot always exist, is a fact which will admit house, endeayoring to sell herself for a higher
of no denial. Slavery cannot last forever; and price than that for which she has been bartered
the fetters must be voluntarily stricken by their away, so that she may be able to satisfy the de-
masters from the limbs of those who have so
mands of her rapacious purchaser, and live and
long worn them, or they will be violently heweddie among her relations."
asunder by the sword. The philanthropist, What female heart does not rise in abhorrence
while he foresees this, and mourns over the pre- of the merciless system which dooms so many
sent condition of the slave, wishes, by restoring of her unoffending sisters to so many varieties
to him his long withholden right, to shield the || of misery? We wish our readers to dwell upon
oppressor from the danger of his fearful the picture; to endeavor to enter into the deso.
retribution. The advocates of slavery prove bylation and anguish of feeling which they must
their conduct the extent of their apprehensions, experience who are rudely torn from all they
while they cling with the infatuation of madness love, from all that makes life happy, to wear
to the elements of destruction. And the greater out their miserable years in uncheered and un-
part of the com Inity gaze on unconcerned, rewarded toil. Think of these oft-repeated and
admitting the necessity of action, but neverthe- varied scenes of agony—of the daily wretched-
less entirely unemployed. Among the latter ness of their lot—of their utter degradation and
class are very many of our own sex. The helplessness, and ask your hearts where there
strong claims of natural 'humanity, the com- is a deeper call for your sympathy and active
mands of duty, the sweet pleading voice of benevolence. Think of these things when the
mercy, are all insufficient to arouse them from
warm pulses of your grief and indignation for
their listless apathy; perhaps selfish feelings the wrongs of your fellow creatures have passed
may sound a louder larum in their ears. If by, and you feel a cold indifference creeping
they will not, for the sake of the slave, endeavor over your bosoms, and surely it will incite you
to put an end to the system that enthralls him, l to renewed exertions to fresh perseverance;


90
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
AMELIA.
Fiat Justitia Rua Coelun.
and never forget that it is only by means ofering height, threatening to o'erwhelm the na-
active exertion that you can preserve your own
tion in the violence of its fall, which must be ere
long, by physical strength, if the arm of retribu-
hands clean from the pollution of this guilt.
tive justice is not stay'd by removing the fabric
while it is yet possible. Then let me once more
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation. entreat you to be aroused, to exert yourselves,
The following lines were suggested by the in promoting the completion of this great ob-
two signal instances of female justice, lately || ject, in destroying this enormous building, that
recorded in the Genius of Universal Emanci “not one stone may left upon another, that shall
pation.
not be taken away.”
Philadelphia, 1831.
TIIE ENFRANCHISED SLAVES TO THEIR
BENEFACTRESS.
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
Oh, blessings on thee, lady! we could lie
SUMMER MORNING,
Down at thy feet in our deep gratitude,
And give ourselves to die,
'Tis beautiful, when first the dewy light
Breaks on the earth! while yet the scented air
So thou couldst be made happier by our blood !
Yet life has never seemed so dear, as now
Is breathing the cool freshness of the night,
And the bright clouds a tint of crimson wear
That we may lift a free unbranded brow.
Mixed with their fleecy whiteness; when
In the deep silence of the starry night,
each fair
Our lips shall call down blessings on thy head;
And delicate lined flower that lifts its head
And the first gush of light,
Is bathed in dainty odours, and all rare
That in its splendor o'er the world is spread,
And beautlful things of nature are outspread,
Shall view us bowed in prayer, that life may be || With the rich flush of light that only morn can
A calm and sunny day of joy for thee.
shed.
Free! free !-how glorious 'tis to lift an eye,
When every leafy chalice holds a draught
Unblenching beneath infamy and shame,
Of nightly dew for the hot sun to drink,
To the blue boundless sky,
When streams gush sportively as though they
And feel each moment, from our hearts, the
laughed
tame
For very joyousness, and seem to shrink
Dull pulses of our vileness pass away,
In playful tenor from the rocky brink
Like sluggish mists before the rising day. Of some slight precipice--then with quick leap
Bound lightly o’er the barrier, and sink,
And then our infants ! we shall never see
In their own whirling eddy, and then sweep
Their young limbs cheapened at the public With rippling music on, or in their channels
mart,
sleep,
Or shrink in agony
To view them writhe beneath the cruel smart While lights and shades play on them with
Ofthe rude lash;—they ne'er, like us, shall know
each breath
The slave's dark lot of wretchedness and wo. That moves the calm still waters; when the fly
Skims o'er the surface and all things beneath
For this we bless thee, lady! and may Heaven Gleam brightly through the flood, and fish
Pour down its frequent blessings on thy brow, glance by
And to thy life be given,
With a quick flash of beauty—when the sky
Oft through its sunset hours, such bliss as now Wears a deep azure brightness, and the song
Is swelling round thy heart-scarce less than Of matin gladness lifts its voice on high,
theirs
And mingled harmony and perfume throng
.Who pour for thee their deep and grateful | On every whispering breeze that lightly floats
prayers.
along.
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
'Tis sweet to wander forth at such an hour,
And drink the spirit of its loveliness;
When will ye be awakened, oh ye sleepers !
While on the brow no shadowing care-clouds
when oh, ye idlers, will ye be incited to activi-
lower,
ty? How long shall suffering humanity, in
And on strong wing the free thoughts upward
vain, implore assistance—how long shall reason
press;
plead-how long shall justice demand redress,
Yet there are those whom nature cannot bless,
e'er your voices shall be heard in behalf of the
With all her varied beauty;—such are they,
oppressed millions in our own country; know
Whose cup is drugged with pain and sore
ye not, that you are abetting a system more in-
distress
iquitous, more injust, than any ever practised
by the barbarous nations of antiquity-far more
By their own brothers' hand, and the quench-
heinously wicked than any acts of tyranny en-
Of whose lost hopes spread gloom across the
forced by Hyder Ali, the Pacha of Egypt, or the
grand Sultan of the Turks ? and yet, you are
brightest day.
professing Christians, professedly followers of Lo! where, like cattle driven by the lash,
the immaculate Lamb, who enjoined his disci Forth to their wearying task in groups they go;
ples to do unto others as they would that they The mother, liſting up her hand to dash
should do unto them !
The tear-drops from her cheek, that still will
While ever you remain supinely indolent, flow,
while you refuse to use effective measures for As on her ear her infant's wail comes low,
abolishing this inhuman, nefarious traffic in hu Yet painfully distinct; and she must leave,
tran flesh, you are adding pillars to the struc For the stern overseer wills it so,
ture of slavery, and enlarging its dimensions, Her tender little one unsoothed, to grieve,
although it is already of a fearful size and tow-|| Happy to clasp it safe when she returns at eve.
GERTRUDE.
ed ray


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
91
are worn
MARGARET.
ELA.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Calum.
The feeble crone, who on her knees has borne || hold, and when she was again suffered to come
Her children's grandchildren, is toiling there; on deck, not an object rose against the unbro-
Young forms, and weak old men, whosc limbs | ken horizon. Africa, the land of her home, the
abode of her affections, had disappeared from
Nigh to the grave-strong men, whose bowed her sight forever. Frantic with the agony of
necks bear
lier feelings, she flung herself at the feet of the
Perchance the weight of heavy irons, that wear wretch who had so deceived her, and with min-
Into their very souls;--small heed has le gled prayers and imprecations besought his
Who tasks them, of their ills; and none will mercy ; then as her ear caught the sound of the
spare
deep, writhing breath of her son, she dashed
From the rude scourge-nor old nor infancy- || herself upon the deck, and a long moaning cry
Who have the allotted toil performed imperfectly. || came up from her heart, as though life was par-
ting, in the agony of her feelings. With a sud-
Oh shame upon man's selfishness! that so
The love of gold should canker in his breast, | his right hand from its fétters, and seizing a
den and desperate wrench, the young man freed
Transforming his affection's kindly glow
knife, while he poured the whole concentrated
To bitterness, himself into a pest
indignation of his soul in one fixed glare on the
Upon the earth, the scourge of the opprest,
And tyrant of the helpless. Strange! that they exclaiming: “White man! devourer of blacks,
traitor before him, plunged it into his bosom,
Who with man's high capacities are blest
I cannot revenge myself upon thee but by de-
Should for earth's valueless and tinsel clay
priving thee of my person !".
Thus cast the priceless jewels of their souls away.
Such is the tale, as it has long lingered in my
memory. Imagination may perhaps have errd
in portraying some of the touches which she
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation. added to the very brief narration of the origin-
al sketch, but these affect not the outline of its
A SKETCH FROM REAL LIFE.
facts.
“The coast where the slave ship fills its sails,
With sighs of agony,
From an English Pamphlet.
And her kidnapp'd babes the mother wails,
'Neath her lone banana tree.”
Religion owns not them who bear the brand
Of Mammon on their front, or in their hand.
A Slaver lay off the coast of Africa. It was
a still delicious evening, and the golden tinted | Go, view the record, -he may run who reads-
waves rolled slowly forward and broke against | Oh who can tell the horrors of their lot,'
What says it? “Ye shall know them by their deeds.'
the beach, with a murmur like the melody of a
When the great Judge exclaims “I know you not.'
low breathed hymn. It was an hour for man to
forget the darker passions, and unseal the long Woe, double woe, be to the souls that lay
A stumbling stone across a brother's :
covered fountain of his better thoughts, while
his spirit turned with adoring love to his bene- Woe, treble woe, to those who give a theme
ficent Creator. But there were no such feelings || While deeds of blood, and avarice, and shame,
That bids the vaunting enemy blaspheme !
in the breast of him who paced the sands, paus- | Mar the sweet savour of the Christian name.
ing to regard the obedient motions of a portion
of his crew as they collected on the beach, or
conveyed on board the vessel a part of the mis.
erable beings who were to be crowded into its
A WARNING TO COLUMBIA.
horrible prison, and wrested away forever from “Ah! would you not be slaves, to lords & kings,
all the clinging ties of home. As the last group || Then be not masters ; there the danger springs,
of slaves were about leaving the shore, a female | The whole crude system that torments this carth,
rushed towards the strand, and flinging herself || Of rank, privation, privilege of birth,
at the feet of the trader, clasped his knees, | False honor, fraud, corruption, civil jars,
while with imploring words and wild gestures, The rage of conquest, and the curse of wars,
she besought him to accept the hardly-won ran- | Pandora's total shower, all ills combin’d,
som which she had brought him, and restore her That erst o’erwhelm'd and still distress mankind,
son. The white man extended his hand to re-
Box'd up secure in your deliberate hand,
ceive the proffered gold, and the happy mother Wait your behest, to fix or fly this land."
covered it with tears and kisses of gratitude, as
Barlow's Columbiad.
she placed within it the whole store of her gath-
ered wealth. What was poverty to her so that THE SLAVE TRADE.—Christians and philan-
her beloved son might not be torn forever from thropists are too apt to imagine that their work
her arms, and sold into interminable slavery? | is almost done, when it is only begun. The slave
The hard unmoved features of the white, gave | trade, for example, which many may suppose
no indications of sympathy, but something of a has been every where abolished, for years, there
scornful smile played upon his lip, as he turned is reason to believe is still carried on to as great
away and commanded her to follow him to the
an extent as ever. It has been recently stated
vessel. She did so unhesitatingly; yet it might in the papers, that an association of merchants at
be that her heart half sunk, and an unde- Nantz, in France, had undertaken to supply the
fined feeling of apprehension came over her, island' of Cuba with 30,000 fresh negro slaves
when she found herself in the power of the man- annually !* And in Brazil, it is well known,
stealers, but she could not give way to terror that for several years past the importations have
for her heart was full of the image of her 'boy, even exceeded this number!
apd her courage failed not. Alas! they were
suffered to meet only that they might be hurried * Should this arrangement be effected, it might
together into slavery.
be worth while to consider how manyof these slaves
For two nights she shrieked and raved amid would be clandestinely brought into Florida, and
the darkness and suffocation of the crowded l other parts of the United States.
3. way!
CHARLOTTE ELIZABETH.


92
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Buat Cælum.
The Olio.
And on my check fond lips were press'd, with
true affection's kiss-
And so ye waked me for my tears—but 'twas a
MP The Editor is still from home. Cor dream of bliss!
respondents are, again, requested to be patient !
EXTRACTS FROM AN ADDRESS,
The following beautiful article is copied from
DELIVERED BY WM. L. GARRISON, EEFORE THE
the “ Atlantic Souvenir” for 1832. It is grati-
FREE PEOPLE OF COLOR IN PHILADELPHIA,
fying to perceive that the subject of slavery has
NEW YORK, &c. JUNE, 1831.
been there introduced. Let the conductors of “Countrymen and Friends! I wish to gladden
our best periodicals make it “fashionable” to your hearts and to invigorate your hopes. Be
discuss, or at least to read and reflect on that assured, your cause is going onward-right on-
subject, and our work is half done.—ED. G. U. E. ward. The seed is now sowing broadcast,
The AFRIC'S DREAM.
which is shortly to yield you an abundant har-
vest. Your advocates are constantly multiply.
By Miss E. M. Chandler.
ing all over the country; and as far as I know
them, not one will ever forsake you. Neo
Why did ye wake me from my sleep? it was a schemes are agitating for your benefit, which
dream of bliss !
will doubtless be carried into successful opera-
And ye have torn me from that land to pine | tion. The signs of the times do indeed show
again in this.
forth great and glorious and sudden changes in
Methought, beneath yon whispering tree, that I the condition of the oppressed. The whole fir-
was laid to rest,
mament is tremulous with an excess of light-
The turf, with all its withering flowers, upon my | the earth is moved out of its place--the wave of
cold heart press'd.
revolution is dashing in pieces ancient and
mighty empires—the hearts of tyrants are be-
My chains, these hateful chains, were gone | ginning to fail them for fear, and for looking
oh, would that I might die,
forward to those things which are to come upon
So from my swelling pulse I could for ever cast || the earth. There is
them by!
“A voice on every wave,
And on, away o'er land and sea, my joyful spirit
A sound on every sea !
pass’d,
The watch-word of the brave,
Till 'neath my own banana-tree I lighted down
The anthem of the free!
at last.
From steep to steep it rings,
Through Europe's many climes,
My cabin door, with all its flowers, was still
A knell to despot Kings,
profusely gay,
A sentence on their crimes :
As when I lightly sported there, in childhood's From every giant hill, companion of the cloud,
careless day;
But trees, that then were sapling twigs, with the startled echo leaps to give it back aloud;
broad and shadowing bough,
Where'er a wind is rushing,
Where'er a stream is gushing,
Around the well known threshold spread a
The swelling sounds are heard,
freshening coolness now.
Of man to freeman calling,
The birds, whose notes I used to hear, were
Of broken fetters falling-
shouting on the earth,
And, like the carol of a cageless bird,
As if to greet me back again with their wild The bursting shout of Freedom's rallying word !"
songs of mirth;
My own bright stream was at my feet, and how “Respect yourselves, if you desire the re-
I laugh'd to lave
spect of others. A self-love which excludes
My burning lip, and cheek, and brow, in that God and the world from the affections, is a dif-
delicious wave!
ferent thing from self-respect. A man should
value himself at a high price-not because he
My boy, my first-born babe, had died amid his happens to be of this or that color, or rich, or
early hours,
accomplished, or popular, or physically power-
And there we laid him to his sleep, among the ful—but because he is created in the image of
clustering flowers;
God; because he stands but a little lower than
Yet lo! without my cottage door he sported in the angels; because he has a spiritual essence,
his glee,
which is destined to live for ever; because he
With her whose grave is far from his, beneath is capable of exerting a moral power, which is
yon linden tree.
infinitely superior to animal strength; and be-
cause he lives in a world of trial and tempta-
I sprang to snatch them to my soul; when, tion, and needs the sympathy and aid of his
breathing out my name,
fellow men. If he be dead to all these lofty
To grasp my hand, and press my lip, a crowd considerations; if, in the words of the poet,-
of loved ones came!
Wife, parents, children, kinsmen, friends! the
“He lies in dull, oblivious dreams, nor cares
dear and lost ones all,
Who the wreathed laurel bears;”
With blessed words of welcome came, to greet if his highest ambition be to grovel with brutes ;
me from my thrall.
it is not possible for him to command public or
private respect; his company will be shunned;
Forms, long unseen, were by my side; and, ll he will live and die a libel upon his Creator.
thrilling on my ear,
So it will be with a people who are lost to them-
Came cadences, from gentle tones, unheard for selves and the world.
many a year;
Do not imagine that you are only a blank in
*
*
*


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Kuat Cælum.
*
*
*
*
*
*
creation, and therefore it is immaterial what you money begets influence, and influence respecta-
are in conduct or condition. Remember that bility. Influence, wealth and character, will
not only the eyes of the people in this place, certainly destroy those prejudices which now
but the eyes of the whole nation, are fixed upon separate you from society.
you. I dare not predict how far your example Get as much education as possible for your-
may affect the welfare of the slaves; but un-selves and your oft'spring. Toil long and hard
doubtedly it is in your power, by this example, || for it as for a pearl of great price. An ignorant
to break many fetters, or to keep many of your people can never occupy any other than a de-
brethren in bondage. If you are temperate, indus- | graded station in society: they can never be
trious, peaceable and pious; if you return good truly free until they are intelligent.”
for evil, and blessing for cursing; you will show
to the world, that the slaves can be emancipated “As it is by association that the condition of
without danger: but if you are turbulent, idle man is made better, and bodies of men rise up
and vicious, you will put arguments into the simultaneously from a state of degradation, I
mouths of tyrants, and cover your friends with | recommend to you the formation of societies
confusion and shame.
for moral improvement. The whites have their
Many of you, I rejoice to know, have found out || Reading Societies, their Debating Societies,
the secret of preferment. I appeal to your ex- their Literary Associations, and Lyceums.-
perience and observation: as a general rule, || What is the consequence? These are bursting
have you not acquired the esteem, confidence open the arcana of knowledge, and distribu-
and patronage of the whites, in proportion to ting the hidden treasures of ages, among the
your increase in knowledge and moral improve working classes. Every member goes to give
ment? Who are they, commonly, that suffer | what information he has got, and returns with
the most among you? They who are intem an accumulation of intelligence. Mind answers
perate, indolent and grovelling. Is it not so? to mind-heart to heart-hand to hand. A com-
Self-respect, my friends, is a lever which will mon sympathy is felt in each other's condition-
lift you out of the depths of degradation, and an enduring chain of friendship is formed, which
establish your feet upon a rock, and put a song time cannot rust."
of victory into your mouths-victory over pre “Let me briefly examine the doctrines of col-
judice, pride and oppression.”
onizationists. They generally agree in publish-
“Sustain, as far as you can, those periodi- ing the misstatement, that you are strangers
cals which are devoted to your cause. I speak | and foreigners. Surely they know better. They
on this subject pointedly, not with any selfish know that, as a body, you are no more natives
feelings, but because I know that without the of Africa--than they themselves are natives
powerful energies of the press, every cause of Great Britain. Yet they repeat the absurd
must languish. It was this tremendous engine charge ; and they do so, in order to cover their
which produced and triumphantly effected the || anti-republican crusade. But suppose you were
American Revolution ; it has twice overthrown | foreigners: would such an accident justify this
the despotism in France; it is fanning the flame persecution and removal? And, if so, then all
of liberty in the bosoms of the Poles ; its pow- foreigners must come under tbe same ban, and
er is shaking the Government of Great Britain | must prepare to depart. There would be, in
to its centre. The press, in a manner, possesses that case, a most alarming deduction from our
the gift of ubiquity: it enables a man to address | population. Suppose a philanthropic and reli-
himself to thousands in every state at the same gious crusade were got up against the Dutch,
moment, and to throw his influence from one the French, the Swiss, the Irish, among us to re-
end of the country to the other : it has taken move them to New Holland, to enlighten and
the place of the ancient oracles, and exercises civilize her cannibals? Who would not laugh
a higher authority.. The press is the citadel of || at such a scheme--who would not actively op-
liberty—the palladium of a free people. Mul- | pose it?” *
tiply periodicals among yourselves, to be con Colonizationists generally agree in asserting
ducted by men of your own color. The cause that the blacks cannot be elevated in this coun-
of emancipation demands at least one hundred | try, nor be admitted to equal privileges' with
presses.
the whites. Is not this a libel upon humanity
Whenever you can, put your children to and justice-a libel upon republicanism—a li-
trades. A good trade is better than a fortune, || bel upon the Declaration of Independence-a li-
because when once obtained, it cannot be ta- bel upon Christianity ? “All men are born equal,
ken away. I know the difficulties under which and endowed by their Creator with certain in-
you labor, in regard to this matter. I know how alienable rights-among which are life, liberty,
unwilling master mechanics are to receive your and the pursuit of happiness.”
children, and the strength of that vulgar preju “In bestowing our censure upon the Coloni.
dice which reigns in the breasts of the working zation Society, my brethren and friends, justice
classes. But by perseverance in your applica- | requires us to discriminate between its support-
tions, you may often succeed in procuring val Of the benevolent and disinterested inten-
uable situations for your chiidren. As strong |tions of many individuals, especially in the free
as prejudice is in the human breast, there is an States, we ought not to doubt. It is true they
other feeling yet stronger—and that is, seliish are carried away in the popular current, but
Place two mechanics by the side of each they would not willingly harm a hair of your
other—one colored, and the other white: he heads. I rejoice to know, that they are waking
who works the cheapest and best, will get the from their delusion; that, as the light blazes up-
most custom. In making a bargain, the color on their vision, they begin to see and repudiate
of a man will never be consulted. Now, there the monstrous doctines of the Society; and that
can be no reason why your sons should fail to conversions from colonization to abolition prin.
make as ingenious and industrious mechanics as ciples are multiplying with singular rapidity.---
any white apprentices; and when they once get | Let us not despair of seeing a speedy, radical,
trades, they will be able to accumulate money; Il and total change in public opinion."
*
16
*
ers.
ness.


94
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
fiat Justitia Roat Cell
um.
EDITORIAL.
in part of wages, at whose option it was to take
either cash or goods, according to their earnings
PREVENTION OF SLAVE INSURRECTIONS.
-to answer all their wants. Rice, salt, salt fish,
No. II.
barrelled pork, Cork butter, flour, bread, bis-
We proceed with our quotations from Clark-cuit, candles, tobacco and pipes, and all species
son's view of the experiments made by the Ilon. of clothing, were provided and furnished from
J. Steele; but our limits are so narrow that we
the store at the lowest market prices. An ac-
count of what was paid for daily subsistence,
can admit but a small portion of his comment. and of what stood in their arrears to answer the
The facts, however, speak for themselves, in a rents of their lands, the fines and forfeitures for
language not to be misunderstood by a sincere delinquencies, their head-levy, and all other cas-
ual demands, was accurately kept in columns,
enquirer or an attentive observer.
with great simplicity, and in books which check-
Matters having been adjusted so far, Mr. Steele ed each other."
introduced the practice of rent and wages. He Such was the plan of Mr. Steele; and I have
put an annual rent upon each tenement, which the pleasure of being able to announce, that the
he valued at so many days' labor. He set a rent result of it was highly satisfactory to himself. In
also upon personal service, as due by the copy- | the year 1788, when only the first and second
holder to his master in his former quality of slave part of it had been reduced to practice, he spoke
-seeing that his master or predecessor had pur- | of it thus:-“A plantation,” says he,“ of be-
chased a property in him, and this he valued in tween seven and eight hundred acres has been
the same manner. He then added the two rents governed by fixed laws and a Negro-court, for
together, making so many days' work altogeth- about five years, with great success. In this plant-
er, and estimated them in the current money.ofation no overseer or white servant is allowed to
the time. Having done this, he fixed the daily lift his hand against a Negro, nor can he arbi-
wages or pay to be received by the copyholders trarily order a punishment. Fixed laws and a
for the work which they were to do. They were court or jury of their peers keep all in order, with-
to work 260 days in the year for him, and to out the ill effect of sudden and intemperate pas-
have 43 besides Sundays for themselves. He | sions.” And in the year 1790, about a year af-
reduced these days' work also to current mon ter the last part of his plan had been put to trial,
ey. These wages he fixed at such a rate, that he says in a letter to Dr. Dickson, “My copy-
“they should be more than equivalent to the holders, have succeeded beyond my expecta-
rent of their copyholds and the rent of their per- tion.” This was his last letter to that gentleman,
sonal services when put together, in order to for he died in the beginning of the next year.
hold out to them an evident and profitable in- || Mr. Steele went over to Barbadoes, as I have
centive to their industry.” It appears that the said before, in the year 1780, and he was then in
rent of the tenement, half an acre, was fixed at the eightieth year of his age. He began his hu-
the rate of 31. currency, or between forty and mane and glorious work in 1783, and he finished
fifty shillings sterling, per acre, and the wages | it in 1789. It took him, therefore, six years to
for a man belonging to the first gang at 7.d. cur- bring his Negroes to the state of vassalage de-
rency, or 6d. sterling per day. As to the rent for scribed, or to that state from whence he was
the personal services, it is not mentioned, sure that they might be transferred without dan-
With respect to labor and things connected ger, in no distant time, to the rank of freemen,
with it, Mr. Steele entered the following among || if it should be thought desirable. He lived one
the local laws in the court-roll of the tenants and year afterwards, to witness the success of his
tenements. The copyholders were not to work || labors. He had accomplished, therefore, all he
for other masters without the leave of the lord. || wished, and he died in the year 1791, in the 21st
They were to work ten hours per day. If they || year of his age.
worked over and above that time, they were to
After many very pertinent remarks, for which
be paid for every hour a tenth part of their dai-
ly wages, and they were also to forfeit a tenth
we cannot possibly afford room, the reviewer
for every hour they were absent or deficient in continues :-
the work of the day. All sorts of work, howev Having now established, I hope, two of my
er, were to be reduced, as far as it could be points,---first, that emancipation is practicable,
done by observation and estimation, to equita- and, secondly, that it is practicable without dan-
ble task work. Hoes were to be furnished to
ger,— I proceed to show the probability that it
the copyholders in the first instance; but they would be attended with profit to those planters
were to renew them, when worn out, at their who should adopt it. I return, therefore, to the
own expense. The other tools were to be lent case of Mr. Steele.
them, but to be returned to the store-keeper at I shall begin by quoting the following espres-
night, or to be paid for in default of so doing.-- ||sions of Mr. Steele : "I have employed and a-
Mr. Steele was to continue the hospital and || mused myself,” says he,“ by introducing an en-
medical attendance at his own cxpense, as be- tire new mode of governing my own slaves, for
fore,
their happiness, and also for my own profit.” It
Mr. Steele, having now rent to receive and appears then, that Mr. Steele's new method of
wages to pay, was obliged to settle a new model management was profitable. Let us now try to
of accounting between the plantation and the la- | make out from his own account, of what these
borers. “Ile brought, therefore, all the minor || profits consisted.
crops of the plantation, such as corn, grain of Mr. Steele informs us, that his superintend-
all sorts, yams, eddoes, besides rum and molas- ant had obliged him to hire all his holing at 31.
ses, into a regular cash account by weight and currency, or 21. 2s. 10d. sterling, per acre. He
measure, which he charged to the copyhold- was very much displeased at these repeated
storekeeper at market prices of the current time, charges; and then it was, that he put to trial, as
and the storekeeper paid them at the same pri- I have before related, the question whether he
ces to such of the copyholders as cailed for them I could not obtain the labor of his Negroes by


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
95
Fiat Justitia Kuat Crelum.
voluntary means, instead of by the old methou been, which he used to receive from the estate
of violence. He made, therefore, an attempt before his new plan was put in execution.
to introduce task work, or labor with a promis-
ed premium for extraordinary efforts, upon his
One more extract, and we must close this
estates. He gave his Negroes a small pecuni- | number. The following remarks are recommen-
ary reward over and above the usual allowan- || ded to the serious consideration of every plan-
ces, and the consequence was, as he himself says,
that “ the poorest, feeblest, and by character the ter, in the United States, who now fancies
most indolent Negroes of the whole gang, cheer- that he treads the threshold of a heaving volca-
fully performed the holing of his land, generally | no by day, and reposes on a pillow ofthorns by
said to be the most laborious work, for less than | night. How easily might he change his dread-
a fourth part of the stated price paid to the un-
dertakers for holing." This experiment I have ful anxiety, for comparative happiness! And
detailed above. After this he continued the prac- || not only to him, but to every slaveholder, is the
tice of task-work for a premium. He describes || invitation given, to read, consider, and deeply
the operation of such a system upon the minds of || ponder, these important matters. Say not, that
the Negroes in the following words :
ding to the vulgar mode of governing Negro | it is the language of your opponents. Every idea
slaves, they feel only the desponding fear of here expressed-every sentiment uttered-eve-
punishment for doing less than they ought, with-|ry fact stated—is calculated to encourage meas-
out being sensible that the settled allowance ofures strictly in accordance with your temporal,
food and clothing is given, and should be ac-
if not eternal welfare.
cepted as a reward for doing well, while in task
work, the expectation of winning the reward, Dr. Dickson, the editor of Mr. Steele, men-
and the fear of losing it, have a double operation tions these profits also, in the same terms,
to exert their endeavors.” Mr. Steele was ben- and connects them with an eulogium on Mr.
efited in another point of view by this new prac- || Steele, which is worthy of our attention.-
tice. “He was clearly convinced, that saving “Mr. Steele,” says he, “saw the Negroes, like
time, by doing in one day as much as would oth-|| all other human beings, were to be stimulated
erwise require three days, was worth more than to permanent exertion only by a sense of their
double the premium, the timely effects on vegeta- own interests, in providing for their own wants
tion being critical.” He found also to his satis- and those of their offspring. He therefore tried
faction, that“ during all the operations under | rewards, which immediately roused the most in-
the premium there were no disorders, no crowd- | dolent to exertion. His experiments ended in
ing the sick house, as before.”
regular wages, which the industry he had excited
The account shows, clearly, how Mr. Steele among his whole gang enabled him to pay.-
made a part of his profits. These profits consis- Here was a natural, efficient, and profitable re-
ted of a saving of expense in his husbandry, which ciprocity of interests. His people became con-
saving was not made by others. He had his land tented; his mind was freed from that perpetual
holed at one fourth the usual rent. Let us ap- || vexation, and that load of anxiety, which are in-
ply this to all the other operations of husbandry separable from the vulgar system, and in little
—such as weeding, deep hoeing, &c. in a large more than four years the annual net clearance
farm of nearly eight hundred, acres, and we shall of his property was more than tripled.” Again
see how considerable the savings would be in in another part of the work: “Mr. Steele's plan
one year.
may no doubt receive some improvements, which
His Negroes again did not counterfeit sick- | his great age obliged him to decline”—“ but it is
ness, as before, in order to be excused from perfect as far as it goes. To advance above 300
labor, but rather wished to labor in order to field-negroes, who had never before moved without
obtain the reward. There was, therefore, no the whip, to a state nearly resembling that of con-
crowding to the hospitals. This constituted a | tented, honest, and industrious servants, and after
second source of saving; for they who were in the paying for their labor, to triple in a few years the
'hospital were maintained by Mr. Steele without || annual net clearance of the estate,-these, I say,
earning any thing, while they who were work-were great achievements for an aged man, in an
ing in the field left to their master in their work, // untried field of improvement, pre-occupied by
when they went home at night, a value superior inveterate vulgar prejudice. He has, indeed,
to that which they had received from him for accomplished all that was really doubtful or
their day's labor. But there was another saving || difficult in the undertaking, and perhaps all that
of equal importance, which Mr. Steele calls ais at present desirable eitherfor owner or slave;
saving of time, but which he might with more for he has ascertained as a fact, what was before
propriety have called a saving of season. This only known to the learned as a theory, and to
saving of season, he says, was worth more than men as a paradox, that the paying of slaves for
double the premium ; and so it might easily have their labour does aciually produce a very great prof-
been. There are soils, every farmer knows, || it to their owners."
which are so constituted that if you miss your The partisans of emancipation would be hap-
day, you miss your season; and if you miss your py, indeed, if they could see the day when our
season, you lose probably half your crop. The West Indian slaves should arrive at the rank
saving, therefore, of the season, by having a and condition of the copyholders of Mr. Steele.
whole crop instead of half a one, was a triral | The freedom which they desire, they believe to
source, of saving of money. Now, let us put all be compatible with the joint interest of the master
these savings together, and they will constitute a and the slave. At the same time they maintain,
great saving or profit; for as these savings were that the copyholders of Mr. Steele had been
made by Mr. Steele in consequence of his new || brought so near to the condition of free men,
plan, and were, therefore, not made by others, they that a removal from one into the other, after a
constituted an extraordinary profit to him; or || certain time, seemed more like a thing of course,
they added to the profit, whatever it might have ll than a matter of dificulty or danger.


98
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
1
3
Inal
.
1
edi
os
ter
las
eve
ing
fer
re 1
sh
nes
of
cas
the
as1
ont
mu
Fiat Justitia Kunt Culum.
From a Philadelphia paper.
Transcript makes the following suggestion:-“What
AN APPEAL TO THE BENEVOLENT.
forbids the law that every child, born of a slave, shail
be free, and educated at the public expense ? These
The undersigned committee, appointed by a children might be taught to work on plantations, and
general convention held in this city, to direct their superior value, as free and independent laborers
and assist the conventional agent, the Rev. Sa- i would be more than equiralent to their wages. Wo
muel E. Cornish, in solicitiug funds for the es-
wish that the people of the slave-holding states would
tablishing of a COLLEGIATE School, on the Ma- think more of this subject. Slavery in this couniry,
cannot exist forever, and they who feel its curse fall
nual Labor system, beg leave to call the atten. heaviest, should surely not be the last to attempt a
tion of the enlightened and benevolent citizens remedy for the evil."--Vt. Chron.
of Philadelphia and its vicinity to this important
subject. In doing which, they deem it unne. We have received, by the Lady Halstead, tho
cessary in this enlightened country, and at this Kingston Chronicle of the 4th inst. The order of the
enterprising era, to adduce arguments or mul- l had been carried into effect in Jamaica.-Mer. Ads.
British government for emancipating the Crown slaves
tiply words by way of appeal. The contrast
between enlightened and barbarous nations-
THE AMERICAN CONVENTION.
between the educated and the vulgar, is the
The 22d biennial stated meeting of the “ American
plainest demonstration of the utility of their Convention for promoting the Abolition of Slavery,";
plan, and importance of their appeal. The co &c. will be held at lashington Ciry, on the second
lored citizens of the United States, assembled Monday in January next, at 18 o'clock, A. M. All
by delegation in this city, June last, alive to
the Abuion, Manumission, Anti-Slavery, and Free
the interests of their brethren and community Prouuce Societies, in the I'mted Siaies, are er: ied
generally, resolved at whatever labor or ex-
to a representation, and are invited to participate.
On behalf of the Convention.'
pense to establish and maintain an institution,
Robert P. ANDERSON, )
in which the sons of the present and future ge-
CHARLES S. COPE,
Secºys
nerations may obtain a classical education and Washington, Sept. 23d, 1831.
the mechanic arts in general.
N. B. Printers of newspapers, favorable to the
Believing that all who know the difficult ad. the above a few insertions.
cause of freedom, are respectfully requested to giro
mission of our youths into seminaries of learn-
Extract from the Constitution of the Convention.
ing, and establishments of mechanism-all who
“ART. 2d. The Convention shall be composed of
know the efficient influence of education in cul-
such Representatives, as the respective Societies as-
tivating the heart, restraining the passions, and sociated to protect the rights of free persons of color,
improving the manners—all who wish to see or to promote the Abolition of Slavery within the l'ni-
our colored population more prudent, virtuous, ted States, may think proper to appoint, provided the
and useful, will lend us their patronage, both in
number of any one Society shall not exceed ten.”
money and prayers. The committee, in con-
PREMIUM FOR RICE.
clusion, would respectfully state, that the a-
The sum of TWENTY DOLLARS will be given
mount of money required to erect buildings, se-
as a premium, over and above the market price, for
cure apparatus and mechanical instruments, is Five Casks of Fresh Rice, of good quality, raised by
$20,000; of this sum the colored people intend Free Labor, and delivered in Philadelphia, to Charles
to contribute as largely as God has given them Pierce, before the Ist of June next, 1832.
ability, and for the residue they look to the
The gentleman above named, is well known as a
christian community, who know their wants, several years past, made it a particular business 10
very respectable Grocer in Philadelphia, who has for
their oppression and wrongs—and more par-keep articles in his line that are exclusively the pro•
ticularly to the inhabitants of this city, celebra- duction of free labor.
ted for its benevolence, and in which so many The premium, together with the market price, will
preceding steps, taken for the advancement of || be prompily paid, on the delivery of the Rice, accomº
our oppressed people, have had their origin. panied by proper reference and vouchers from some
They would further state, that all monies col- respectable person who is known in Philadelphia.
lected by the principal agent, Rev. Samuel E.
Cornish, who is now in this city, and whom
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
they recommend to the confidence of all to
Vol. XII.
whom he may appeal, will be deposited in the The object and character of this workede sell
United States Bank, subject to the order of Ar- | known. It has been published ten years, and circu.
thur Tappan, Esq. of New York, their generous | lates in all the States of this Union, in Canada, the
West Indies, Europe and Africa. It is erclusively
patron and friend; and in the event of the in-
stitution not going into operation, be faithfully devoted to the subject of ihe Abolition of Slavery, ou
the American Continent and Islands.
returned to the several donors. The contem-
plated Seminary will be located at New-Haven,
The work will, henceforth, be issued monthly. It
Conn. and established on the self-supporting will be neatly printed on fine paper, and folded in the
saystem, so that the student may cultivate ha-octavo form, each number making six een large pa-
bits of industry, and obtain useful mechanical ges.
or agricultural profession, while pursuing clas The price of subscription will be One Dollar per
sical studies.
annum, always to be paid in advance.
Sul scribers who do not particularly specify the time
Signed in behalf of the Convention, by they wish to receive the work, or notify the Editor of
James Forten,
a desire to discontinue it before the expiration of each
JOSEPH CASSEY,
current year, will be considered as engaged for tho
ROBERT DOUGLAS),
next succeeding one, and their bills will be forwarded
ROBERT PURVIS,
accordingly.
Agents will be entitled to six copies for erery five
FREDERICK A. Hintox, dollars remitted to the Editor, in current money of
Provisional Committee of Philadelphia. | the United States.
Philadelphia, September 5, 1831.
All letters and communications intended for this of
fice, must be addressed, free of expense, to BEN.
WEAT IS TO BE DONE WITH THE SLAVES AT THE
JAMIN LONDY, Washington, D. C.
Socra?--This is einphatically the difficult problem
A few copies af the Eleventh Volume, con
But the American Staiesman to solve. The Boston i plete, for sale.
pre
del
SCT
the
her
WI
toe
ph
he
SU
THE
ha
ch
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION
al
11
NO
I
1
1


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
EDITED BY E. LUNDY-PUBLISHED IN WASHINGTON AND BALTIMORE-$1.00 PER ANN.
"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, and endowed by their Creator with certain
inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”—Declaration of Independence, U.S.
No. 7. VOL. II. THIRD SERIES.] DECEMBER, 1831. (WHOLE NUMBER 271. Vol. XII.
In consequence of the indisposition of the fects of Slavery (as now existing in the U. S.) on
editor, while travelling, together with other caus the SLAVEHOLDERS.
es of delay entirely beyond his control, the mat The Essays to be sent to the 'American Con.
ter for the present rumber of the Genius was not || vention for promoting the Abolition of Slavery,'
prepared in season, and no paper was issued, for to be held at Washington on the second Monday
last month. The chasm is partially filled, how- | in January next, and their merits to be carefully ex-
ever, by a supplement of eight pages, accompany amined and declared by a Committee of that body.
ing this sheet. The supplement is a gratuitous of The proposed premium being duly awarded,
fering to subscribers, to conciliate them for the ir- || shall be paid on application to the Editor of the
regularity here alluded to! They will receive the Boston Liberator. Bosion, Nov. 12, 1831.
full complement of whole sheets, when the volume
shall be completed; but the last number will ap-
pear one month later in the year than was origin- || ABOLITION OF SLAVERY IN THE DISTRICT
ally contemplated.
OF COLUMBIA.
Petitions to Congress, urging upon the atten.
AMERICAN CONVENTION.
tion of that body the great national importance of
The ninth day of next month will be the staied
period for the twenty-second biennial session of the the extinction of slavery in the District of Colum-
“ American Convention for promoting the Abolition bia, have been prepared and numerously signed,
f. Slavery and Improving the Condition of the Afri-serted one of these, a few months since, which
in various parts of the United States. We in-
can Race. This Convention will meet now, for
the second time, in the city of Washington. The
was circulated for signature in the District itself,
and to which many names were attached. Copies
aspect of affairs, relative to the question of Afri-
of several others, from Pennsylvania, New-Jer-
can Emancipation; is such that many of its advo-
cates will, probably, feel some hesitation in recom-
sey, New-York, &c. &c. have also been received
mending much to be done in that assembly the for publication ; but we find it impossible to spare
room for all of them. Two of those received are
present year. . We hope, nevertheless, that the
delegates from the various Societies will feel duly inserted below, which, in substance, are much ihe
same as the rest.
sensible of the high importance attached to a stea-
Since the unfortunate movements among the
dy perseverance in the righteous cause, and that
they will be enabled to transact the business that slaves in Virginia, &c. some of our friends have
may come before them in the true spirit of repub-| evinced a disposition to let the subject rest, though
lican freedom and christian philosophy. The that very circumstance should have been consider-
writer of this has, for a number of years, enjoyed || speedily putting an end to the system of oppres-
ed the strongest proof of the absolute necessity of
the pleasure of attending the meetings of that
philanthropic body. But at the ensuing session sion, which is productive of such disastrous re-
sults. We see no cause to slacken our exertions
he will be deprived of the great satisfaction re-
sulting therefrom, by absence from home. That | that all, who feel an interest in the matter, will
for the accomplishment of this purpose; and hope
harmony of feeling and unity of purpose may continue their efforts to awaken the national le-
characterize their deliberations, and that much
gislators to a sense of the duty which unques-
good may result from their labors, is the sincere || tionably devolves upon them in relation thereto.
desire of his heart.
We perceive, by a notice in the Boston “Li- | since, to see a list of about 400 names appended to
We were particularly gratified, a short time
berator,” that a premium has been offered for
a memorial of this kind, headed by the venerable
an essay, to be submitted to the Convention for
ALEXANDER COFFIN,* of Hudson, New-York.
inspection, &c. But to give a correct idea of the
matter, the notice is copied' below. We like this * We were delighted with a brief, though in-
plan of encouraging the investigation of subjects teresting, conversation with the patriarch A. Cof-
connected with the question of emancipation, an. The frost of nearly a hundred winters have
fin, who is now verging on the age of a centenari-
though we have never yet had leisure to compete | silvered his locks, and the inexorable hand of time
hath furrowed his manly brow ;-but yet the ge-
with others, in such a case, for the prize.
nerous glow of philanthropy warms his bosom,
and the most ardent patriotism beams from his eye.
CP An aged and responsible Gentleman in He feelingly descanted on the wrongs of the Afri-
the vicinity of Boston, one of the few remaining | can, and indignantly repudiated the idea of coun-
Revolutionary Patriots, an ardent lover of equal tenancing the horrible system of oppression, where
liberty and the rights of man, offers a premium of constitutional power can put it down. Among
$30, for the best written Essay, on the natural ef- ll other remarks, on the subject of slavery, he men-
A PREMIUM OFFERED


98
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
MEMORIALS PRESENTED,
This aged and very respectable gentleman is high- Columbia, they believe the existence of those
ly esteemed by his fellow-citizens, and possesses evils is too generally admitted and deplored to
render it necessary to detail them. They there-
an extensive and deserving influence among them.
fore earnestly solicit your intervention to wipe
May our cause soon have many more such advo- | from the fair institutions of our beloved country,
cates. Several of the people of that place and the stain, that the sanction of Congress to this
vicinity have evinced the most laudable disposi- calamity, has hitherto suffered to rest upon them.
After the late peaceable emancipation of large bo-
tion to bring this matter before the constituted au dies of Slaves in our sister republics of South
thorities of the nation. Among others, the keeper America, and Mexico, as well as in several of our
of a Turnpike Gate, near the city, had put up a
own states, no one, we conceive, can justly ap-
prehend danger from a like noble act in the small
written notice, inviting those citizens of the dis- || District of Columbia. And as that District is ex-
trict, passing through, to stop and sign the memo- | clusively undei the control and authority of the gen-
rial. We understand he thus obtained a hand-eral government, it is not expected that any scruple
can arise as to the constitutionality of the measure.
some list of names.
An act of Congress for ever abolishing Slavery
The annexed memorials are briefly couched in within those limits, would exalt the national cha-
respectful terms, and at the same time exhibit a racter, and we doubt not would promote the best
cogency of reasoning that cannot fail of impres- | faction to your fellow-citizens.
interests of all concerned, and give general satis-
sing the minds of readers, generally, with the
magnitude and importance of the subject to which
they allude. Let that subject be fairly examined
From a statement of the proceedings of Con-
and well considered.
gress, as published in the newspapers, it appears
To the Senate and House of Representctives of the that fifteen memorials, or petitions, for the abu
United Stales in Congress asseinbled :-
The subscribers, citizens of the County of Bur- tion of slavery in the District of Colunbia, were
lington, in the State of New-Jersey, beg leave, presented to the House of Representatives on the
respectfully, to call the attention of the represen- || 12th instant, by the Hon. John Quincy Adams.-
tatives of the people to the subject of Slavery, We copy the following paragraphs from the New-
within the District of Columbia, over which Con-
gress has exclusive jurisdiction.
York Whig. Who reported the proceedings, we
We do not impute to you a want of disposi- || do not know. The editor of this work being from
tion to take measures wnich will finally eradicate, home at present, has not an opportunity of noting,
what we deem a reflection upon our nation, in its
national character, so far as it applies to the Dis- personally, the public movements at Washington.
trict within your control. But having obtained | We do not believe that the half said by the Hon.
the public opinion on this subject, it is presumed member was recorded.
Congress will have less delicacy in taking the
first step for the gradual, but final relief from Sla-ed, among which were 15, presented by Mr. John
Various petitions and memorials were present-
very, from the seat of the General Government.
It is deemed so incompatible with all the princi- Quincy Adams, from certain Quakers of Penn-
ples of our free institutions, that our surprise is on- | sylvania, praying for the abolition of slavery and
y equalled by our regret, that the emancipation the slave trade in the District of Columbia. On
We are not aware that Congress have taken any he would present them. He was grateful for the
had not been commenced at a much earlier day. I presenting them, Mr. A. observed they had been
sent to him many months ago, with a ruquest that
National Jurisdiction has been exercised over this || confidence thus reposed in him, and he entertain-
District for thirty years.
ed the highest respect for the class of men from
Your Memorialists will not presume to enter
whom they emanated, as comprising " as much of
into any details, by which this object can be ef-
human virtue as any other class on the face of the
fected; believing that Congress possesses all the globe;" but concluded by saying:-
information on the subject calculated to present it
“ If there were any thing in the present state
to their minds in the boldest relief, when contrasted
of the traffic in slaves, which might become a pro-
with the declaration which proclaimed us a nation. per subject of legislation, he would move that that
We, therefore, pray that another session will portion of the petitions should be referred to the
not be suffered to pass without an effort by the committee appointed on the affairs of the District
representatives of this free and happy country, to
of Columbia; with respect to the other part, the
say this important work has been commenced.
abolition of slavery, the petitioners probably ex-
To the Senate and House of Representatives of the U. his duty to declare, that he should not give it his
pected he should give it his support. He felt it
States of America, in Congress assembled :-
Your Memorialists, citizens of the county of very, in the abstract, in the District of Columbia,
support. Whatever might be his opinion of sla-
Columbia and state of New-York, respectfully he hoped it would not become a subject of discus-
represent :
sion in that House.
That, deeply as they are impressed with a con-
viction of the evils of Slavery in the District of state his reasons for differing from the sentiments
“If such should be the case, he should then
tioned the circumstance of the African female poet, | ble gentleman concluded by observing, that the
of the petitioners, on this subject. The honora-
Phillis Wheally, having been, for some months, a
resident (with her mother) in the same house that most healing medicines, when unduly adminis-
he occupied, in Boston. He bears ample testi-tered, become the most deadly
poison."
mony to the excellent character and fine talents of
-The petitions were referred to the Committee
Phillis, and rejects, unhesitatingly, the doctrine of on the District of Columbia.
knaves and fools, which stigmatizes the blacks as
We shall reserve for a future occasion the task
a naturally inferior class of the human family. of commenting, at length, on the language here


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
99
66
66
66
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
used by the gentleman to whom these memorials deration. We have been told that America is not
were entrusted. We are not disappointed in learn- | the home of the colored man. What says Nature ?
ing the course he has determined to pursue. And The Census will be noticed more in detail, at a
we are not the less firmly resolved to press the subject | future period.
upon the attention of the people and their representa-Recapitulation, exhibiting the General Aggregate
tives, from time to time, because a political favorite Amount of each description of Persons in the Uni-
of a large portion of our friends chooses to decline ted States, by Classes.
FREE WHITE PERSONS.
the advocacy of our cause. Nay more: Should
Males—under 5 years of age, 972,194
every popularity hunter in the land set his face
of 5 and under 10, 782,637
against us, (and it is yet to be expected that they
of 10
15, 671,688
of 15
will, generally, do 60,) we shall still march on-
20, 575,614
of 20
30, 952,902
ward, with unfaltering step, in the glorious path,
of 30
40, 592,596
and in pursuit of the grand object, to which pa-
of 40
50, 369,370
of 50
triotism, philanthropy, justice, and christian duty
60, 230,500
of 60
70, 134,910
constantly direct our views. Let every memorial
of 70
80, 58,136
and petition of this nature be forwarded to Con-
of 80
90, 15,945
of 90
gress, that can be prepared and signed in every
100,
1,993
part of the Union; and in process of time we shall || Females—under 5 yrs. of age, 920,104
of 100 and upwards, 274–5,358,759
find champions in the halls of that “august” as-
of 5 and under 10, 751,649
sembly, who will not fear to advocate the cause of
of 10
15, 639,063
of 15
20, 597,713
justice because it is unpopular among the unreflect-
of 20
30, 915,662
ing and the tyrannical. More anon.
of 30
40, 555,565
of 40
50, 355,425
LP Since the above was prepared for the
of 50
60, 225,928
Press, we have seen another version of the Hon.
of 60
70, 130,866
gentleman's remarks. It is much more explana-
of 70
80, 58,034
of 80
tory than that we have quoted.
90, 17,672
of 90
100, 2,484
of 100 and upwards, 234–5,167,299
IMPORTANT LEGAL DECISION.
Total number of Free Whites, 10,526,058
A law was enacted by the Legislature of Vir-
SLAVES.
ginia, in 1823, which authorized the sale of free Males-under 10 years of age, 353,845
colored persons, as slaves, for certain offences.-
of 10 and under 24, 313,676
of 24
36, 185,654
Sometime since, a mulatto man, named Batkin,
of 36
55, 118,996
was convicted of felony, and sold by authority of
of 55
100, 41,456
this law. His mother was a white woman, and
of 100 and upwards, 718—1,014,345
he was born in Virginia. At length, after being Females--under 10 yrs. of age, 347,566
of 10 and under 24, 308,793
several times sold, he was purchased by a man in
of 24
36, 186,082
Tennessee, and removed thither. He petitioned
of 36
55, 111,753
of 55
the Circuit Court of that State for his freedom,
100, 41,422
of 100 and upwards, 688— 996,284
and was set at liberty. The Court decided that
the provisions of the law, under which he was Total number of Slaves .... 2,010,629
first sold as a slave, were a positive violation of
FREE COLORED PERSONS.
both the Bill of Rights of Virginia, and that | Males-—under 10 years of age, 48,737
of 10 and under 24, 43,126
clause of the Constitution which prohibits the
of 24
36, 27,629
of 36
passage of bills of attainder, &c.
55, 22,262
of 55
100, 11,475
We repeat, that this is an important decision ;--
of 100 and upwards, 266–153,495
and it must cause no little stir among the jurists of || Females--under 10 yrs. ofage, 47,347
the "ancient dominion.” How many poor wretch-
of 10 and under 24, 48,125
of 24
36, 32,504
es may yet be pining in slavery, who were as il-
of 36
55, 24,266
legally doomed to that condition as was the ulti-
of 55
00, 13,369
mately more fortunate Batkin!
of 100 and upwards, 361-165,963
Total number of Free Colored Persons..319,467
CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES. Total aggregate of the U. S....... 12,856,154
The following table, &c. showing the number of this statement, is the immense disproportion of
The fact that strikes us at the first glance in
persons in the United States, according to the aged colored people, to aged white people. Take
Census of 1830, is copied from the New-York || the extreme case for instance :-there are of
White males, over 100 years,
274
American. The remarks respecting the dispropor-
do. females,
234
tion between aged white and colored persons are
508
appropriate, and the subject is worthy of consi out of a population of ten and a half millions ! or
66
66
66
66
569607


100
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
66
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
about one centenarian for every twenty thousand I will possess sufficient influence, and evince the
souls.
requisite promptitude and activity, to accomplish
Of male slaves, over 100 years,
718
female do.
668—1386. any thing of importance, we are at present una-
out of a population of little over two millions, or ble to judge. Our hopes lean to the side of peace
one centenarian for every fourteen hundred souls ! | and safety, yet our doubts, at the same time, tend
But the free colored persons give a result still
to increase, rather than diminish our anxious so-
more incredible :--there are
Of males over 100 years,
266
licitude for the future welfare of all.
females
361-627 On reviewing the various transactions, connect-
out of a population of three hundred and nineteen | ed with the subject before us, and in noting, par-
thousand persons, or a centenarian for every 500
souls!!
ticularly, the results of every investigation as
In the periods included between 55 and 100, they have unfolded themselves to our view, it is
the colored population exhibits throughout an in- | extremely gratifying to perceive that nothing yet
credibly greater proportion of aged persons, than, | done by us, could be construed as having in any
for the same periods, is allotted to the whites.
degree promoted the direful catastrophe. Not-
WILBERFORCE SETTLEMENT.
withstanding the advocates of slavery have charge
We have lately had several very interesting in- ed us with being the chief agents in stirring up the
terviews with the Rev. Nathaniel Paul, and Israel elements of commotion; altho' they madly impre-
Lewis, who have been appointed as agents to col cate us, and in the frenzy of their rage denounce
lect funds, for the purpose of aiding the emigrants | us, as the authors of all the mischief-as the
to the Wilberforce Settlement, in Canada. The grand marplots of the day, who not only disturb
gentleman, first named, will proceed forthwith to their repose, but even compass their destruction:-
England, accompanied, as we understand, by an we say that notwithstanding they thus endeavor
other person, appointed by the colored people of to fasten the authorship of that awfully tragic per-
New-York. Lewis will travel in various parts of formance upon us, we can, with truth, answer them
the United States, soliciting contributions, for the in the language of Shakspeare:
purpose above mentioned. Both of these agents “Thou canst not say I did it; never shake
are provided with suitable credentials, and the Thy gory locks at me.”
most unquestionable evidence that full confidence | No, after every examination that has been made-
in their integrity and uprightness is rcposed in after the most minute and severe scrutiny that
them. We shall soon have more to say respecting was probably ever instituted—not a single free co-
this Settlement.
lored person has been convicted of a participation in
any one of the numerous plots, conspiracies, or
THE VIRGINIA MASSACRE.
insurrections, discovered or suspected, in the
It is generally supposed that the finale of this | southern States, during the recent period of alarm.
horrible tragedy has developed itself. The prime | And, further, we have heard of the prosecution of
mover and acknowledged leader having been ta- || but one slave, in whose possession was found a
ken and executed, no further symptons of insur- || publication in which an advocate of emancipa-
rection have lately appeared in the slaveholding tion is or has been concerned; and it is believed
part of the United States. The dreadful alarm
which every where existe a time, has gradu- | follow, unless they can see
zens are already removing—others will doubtless
probability that at
ally subsided; and many are consoling themselves some period, the evil will be taken away.”
with the belief that they are again secure. Some The Richmond Whig, also, considers the sub-
will thus quiet their minds, and rest under the fa- ject “of such vital consequence, that in compari-
son all other questions sink into utter insignifi-
tal delusion, drawing the cord of oppression still
tighter and tighter, until another attempt shall It is much to be regretted, however, that south-
probably be made to sever the “gordian knot,” || pending upon the plan of removing the colored
ern gentlemen cannot perceive the futility of de-
as before. Others, more foresighted, will exert The desired object will never, NEVER, be
themselves to bring about a change in the politi- accomplished by such means, alone. We do not
cal and moral system, by which means the gory
wish to discourage this plan, if properly conducted;
but—SOMETHING ELSE must also be done. The
arm of servile commotion may be stayed at the editor of the New-York Sentinel has a clearer
bidding of humanity and justice.* Whether these view of the matter. He says, in copying the
above from the Petersburg paper :--
* A writer in the Petersburg (Va.) Intelligencer, “It is somewhat consoling to learn, as we do by
adverting to this subject, remarks as follows: the above paragraph, that the people of the South
“ The sentiment is gaining ground in Virginia, || are awaking to the danger in which they are pla-
that the whole African race ought to be removed || ced; but it is extraordinary that they do not de-
from among us. Many people feel unwilling to termine to do justice, as the best means of avert-
die and leave their posterity exposed to all the ills | ing the threatened danger. The project of remov-
which, from the existence of slavery in our State, || ing them, we believe to be a falacy: let them
they have themselves so long felt.
have a reasonable prospect of liberation, and pre-
si Others are unwilling themselves longer to suf- pare them for the change, and there will no lon-
fer these inconveniences—some of our best citi- ll ger be danger of insurrection.”
cance."
race.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
101
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
that that one was acquitted. Instead of participat- ampton,” has been published at Baltimore. It
ing therein, our most violent traducers have ad makes 22 pages. It professes to give, from the
mitted, that free persons of color and intelligented him a leader and a fanatic. It sketches the
bandit's own lips, the circumstances which form-
slaves did, in many instances, not only give time- commencement, progress and termination of an
ly information of meditated insurrection, but also insurrection, the bare recital of which makes the
assisted promptly in quelling the same.
blood run cold. The description of the butchery
of the whites is terrific. We cannot make copi-
Is not a knowledge of these facts of the utmost
ous extracts from it, because it is put under a co-
importance to all concerned? Do they not furnish py right. But we may be permitted, without in-
us with the most TRIUMPHANT VINDICA- || fringing on the author's privilege, to copy the fol-
lowing incidents:
TION that could be even desired? Will not our
“And by signs in the heavens that it would
moderate and honest opponents therefore candidly make known to me when I should commence the
admit, after a season of calm reflection, that (with great work—and until the first sign appeared, I
should conceal it from the knowledge of men..
a very few exceptions) danger is not to be appre- || And on the appearance of the sign, (the eclipse of
hended from that portion of the colored popula- the sun last February) I should arise and prepare
tion whose condition has been meliorated, and myself, and slay my enemies with their own wea-
pons. And immediately on the sign appearing in
whose prospects are hopeful ;*-but, on the con-
the heavens, the seal was removed from my lips,
trary, that those alone are to be dreaded whose and I communicated the great work laid out for
necks are inured to the yoke of cruel bondage; || me to do to four in whom I had the greatest con-
whose limbs are benumbed by unrewarded toil; | fidence, (Henry, Hark, Nelson, and Sam.), It
was intended by us to have begun the work of
whose desart minds are as dark as Erebus; cheer- || death on the 4th July last. Many were the plans
less and hopeless as the shades of death; and formed and rejected by us, and it affected my
whose souls are thus estranged from the princi- | mind to such a degree that I fell sick, and the time
ples of virtue, fired with vengeance, and frensied passed without our coming to any determination
how to commence. Still forming new schemes
by rage and desperation? This, it must be ac and rejecting them, when the sign appeared again,
knowledged, is the true state of the case; and which determined me not to wait longer.”—(thé
most ardently do we desire that all may take a
strange appearance of the sun.]
"Hark got a ladder, and set it up against the
right view of the subject. Then shall the light of chimney, on which I'ascended, and, hoisting a
reformation soon dispel the gloom of anxiety and window, entered and came down stairs, unbarred
boding fear; hostility shall be disrobed of his the door, and removed the guns from their places.
-It was then observed that I must spill the first
crimson garb; the moral volcano shall cease its | blood. On which, armed with a hatchet and ac-
tremulous and awful vibrations; and neither the companied by Will, I entered my master's cham-
« signs in the heavens” nor wholesome political || the hatchet glanced from his head, he sprang from
ber: it being dark, I could not give a death-blow,
restrictions will longer be interpreted by super- | the bed and called his wife : it was his last word.
stition and ignorance as the fated precursors of Will laid him dead with a blow of his axe, and
insurrection, bloodshed, and slaughter.
Mrs. Travis shared the same fate, as she lay in bed.
We hope that, henceforth, we shall not have the work of a moment, not one of them awoke:
The murder of this family, five in number, was
occasion to occupy much space in our pages with there was a little infant sleeping in a cradle, that
this painful subject : but as every reader undoubt was forgotten until we had left the house and gone
edly wishes to have a right understanding of it,
some distance, when Henry and Will returned
and killed it. We got here four guns that would
we have felt in duty bound to give as many of the shoot, and several old muskets, with a pound or
2 particulars connected with it as our limits would two of powder."
allow. We insert below an article, from the
“From Mr. Reese's we went to Mrs. Turner's,
Richmond Enquirer, relative to the confessions of || Monday morning. Henry, Austin, and Sam went
a mile distant, which we reached about sunrise on
Nat Turner, the leader of the late insurrection, to the still, where, finding Mr. Peebles, Austin
who was taken, about the last of October, and shot him, and the rest of us went to the house; as
soon after executed. These “confessions” have
we approached, the family discovered us, and shut
the door. Vain hope ! Will, with one stroke of
been published in a pamphlet, at Baltimore, but his axe, opened it, and we entered and found Mrs.
being from home, we have not yet seen it.
Turner and Mrs. Newsome in the middle of a
THE CONFESSIONS OF NAT TURNER.—Mr. T.
room almost frightened to death. Will immedi.
R. Gray's pamphlet of “The Confessions of Nat|| ately killed Mrs. Turner, with one blow of his
Turner, the leader of the late insurrection in South-
I took Mrs. Newsome by the hand, and
with the sword I had when I was apprehended, I
* It is gratifying to perceive that some of the struck her several blows over the head, but not
slaveholders to the south of us are sensible of this | being able to kill her, as the sword was dúll, Will
fact.. A report obtained credit that a conspiracy | turned round, and discovering it, despatched her
had been formed among the slaves near Claiborne, | also. A general destruction of property and a
in Alabama. A letter from that place, in noti- || search for money and ammunition, always suc-
cing the cireumstance, remarked that no fears I ceeded the murders.”
were entertained of the whites being taken by “ All the family were already murdered, but
surprise,--as the creoles (mulattoes and others) || Mrs. Whitehead and her daughter Margaret. As
were conversant with all the movements of the slaves, I came round to the door, I saw Will pulling Mrs.
and might be depended on to give timely warning, in | Whitehead out of the house; and at the step he
case an attempt of the kind should be made. nearly severed her head from her body with his
*
axe.
*
*


102
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
broad-axe. Miss Margaret, when I discovered || veral others adjoining. His avowed object was,
her, had concealed herself in a corner formed by | to obtain it for the humane purpose of extending
the projection of the cellar-cap from the house';
on my approach she fled, but was soon overtaken, the limits of our slave territory and adding sever-
and after repeated blows with the sword, I killed al more slaveholding States to this Union. Brief-
her by a blow on the head with a fence rail."
What wretches! This monster Will furnish- || ly, his views were deţineated in the following ex-
tract from a paper published at Edgefield, South
es deeds that would suit the pencil of Salvator
Rosa.
Carolina. A more shameless claim was, perhaps,
One confession of Nat Turner is important: never made than the one before us; and it will be
He was asked “ if he knew of any extensive or seen that the hope of success was partially, if not
concerted plan. His answer was--I do not.-
When I questioned him as to the insurrection in mainly, based on the supposition, that the then
North Carolina happening about the same time ; || critical state of affairs in Mexico would compel
he denied any knowledge of it; and when I look- that government to submit quietly to the usurpa-
ed him in the face, as though I would search his in-
tion.
most thoughts, he replied: 'I see, sir, you doubt
my word ; but can you not think the same ideas, “ The acquisition of Texas, relinquished by the
and strange appearances about this time in the Government of the United States to the magna-
heavens, might prompt others, as well as myself, || nimous Ferdinand VII, by the Florida Treaty of
to this undertaking ?”
1819, is now a subject of much interest in the
The pamphlet has one defect—we mean its Western States. This valuable territory has now
style. The confession of the culprit is given, as devolved upon the republic of Mexico, and from
it were, from his own lips--(and when read to the condition of that country-suffering under in-
him, he admitted its statements to be correct) vasion and civil war, and with scanty finances-
but the language is for superior to what Nat Tur- || it is supposed that its retrocession might be ob-
ner could have employed--Portions of it are even tained for a reasonable equivalent. Great confi-
eloquently and classically expressed. This is | dence is expressed that the Administration will
calculated to cast some shade of doubt over the embrace the present favorable occasion of regain-
authenticity of the narrative, and to give the ban- ing an extensive and fertile region of county, with-
dit a character for intelligence which he does not in the natural limits of the United States. Some
deserve, and ought not to have received. In all imposing essays, originally published in the St.
other respects, the confession appears to be faith- || Louis Beacon, with the signature of Americanus,
ful and true. The whole pamphlet is deeply in- | and attributed to Col. Benton of the Senate, ex-
teresting
plaining the circumstances of the Treaty of 1819,
and displaying the advantages of the retrocession,
have operated upon the public mind in the West
MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES.
with electrical force and rapidity. The writer
In our review of the article, headed “The Mex- | render of Texas resulted from the subserviency of
produces strong circumstantial proof that the sur-
icans in 1830,” some notice was taken of the at our negociator to Spain in her contest with Mex-
tempt, on the part of the United States, to be. | ico, together with the powerful subsidiary motive
come possessed of the province of Texas, &c.— of hostility to the Western and Southern sections
We now proceed to show further, from other || Mississippi Valley, affording sufficient territory
of our own country. This large fragment of the
sources, the overweening anxiety manifested, by for four or five slaveholding States, was unceremo-
both the government and individuals, to secure | niously sacrificed, with scarcely the pretext of a
the possession thereof; from which some addition-demand for it on the part of Spain. The time of
al ideas of its great importance to the owner may on the Missouri question—the place was Wash-
the negotiation was during the heat of the debate
be formed. The sentiments and movements of ington, whither the negotiation had been unne-
some of the most intelligent Mexicans, relative to cessarily removed while it was proceeding pros-
the subject, will also be noted, that the reader may perously at Madrid, and where the restrictionists
were then assembled in all their strength_and the
understand they likewise are fully sensible of its negotiator was Mr. Adams, the friend and asso-
intrinsic value, and determined to retain it at eve- ciate of the most thoroughgoing among these re-
ry hazard.
strictionists. Americanus exposes the evils to the
United States of this surrender under twelve dis-
We give a discription of the Texas country, tinct heads, which we have not room to enume-
&c. &c. (which is believed to be generally correct,) Two of them of particularinterest to this
in a Supplement to the present number of this section of the country, are, that it brings a non-
work. It will be found very interesting. We slaveholding empire into juxtaposition with the
likewise intend collecting and publishing, from the outlet for the emigration of the Indians inha-
slaveholding Southwest, and that it diminishes
time to time, such further information respecting | biting the States of Georgia, Alabama, Missis-
that portion of the Mexican republic, particular-sippi, and Tennessee.”
ly, as we may conceive to be desirable to our The writer of the essays, above alluded to, un-
readers.
dertook, indeed, to show that equity and justice de-
In the spring and summer of 1829, Thomas H. manded the increase of slave states, to keep parri
Benton, the most open and unblushing advocate of passu in numerical strength with those which in-
Missouri slavery, (now a senator in Congress from hibit the practice of slaveholding! Hear him:-
that State,) conceived the magnificient project of
“That these latter (the slave states) have much
acquiring, by diplomacy or force, the vast country
to fear from the undue or excessive preponder-
east of the Rio Bravo del Norte, including the that human proof can be exhibited to the human
ance of the free states is proved in every way
whole of the province of Texas, with parts of mind, in speeches, writings and essays; in news-
rate.
se-


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
103
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
paper publications; in books and pamphlets; in he would have lent himself to the accomplishment
the acts and proceedings of corporate bodies; in of an object so degrading to his country, and dis-
the resolutions and memorials of societies and as-
sociations; in the solemn acts of state legisla- | astrous to millions of his color. The extract from
tures; in the halls of congress ; from the federal te Gazette, aforesaid, runs thus:-
judicial bench, and from the sacred stand of the “ Purchase of Texas.-As the subject of the pur-
pulpit; all issuing for a series of years from the chase of Texas has engrossed much of the atten-
non-slaveholding states; all thickening as time ad- tion of our politicians for a year or two past, it
vances, and all tending to one point, the abolition may not, perhaps, be improper to state, that we
of slavery, under the clause in the Declaration of || are in possession of information, on this subject,
Independence, which asserts the natural equality. || derived from a source entitled to the highest cre-
of all men. Dreadful would be the condition of dit, which destroys all hope of the speedy acqui-
these states,-cruel and terrible their fate beyond sition of that country by the United States.
the power of pen to describe or pencil to paint, or “Col. Butler, the Charge des Affaires of the
of imagination to conceive, if in the excessive pre- || United States to Mexico, was specially authorized
ponderance of the free states and in furious con and charged by the President, to treat with that
tentions for political power a majority of judges || Government for the purchase of Texas. But he
should be found on the bench of the supreme court did not reach the city of Mexico until about three
of the U. States to act on the law declared by Mr. il weeks after the overthrow of Gen. GUERRERO,
Justice Story in his charge to the grand jury at late President of Mexico. If he had arrived there
Portsmouth, N. H., in May, 1820, or a majority a few weeks sooner, our informant thinks he would
in congress should be found to act on the princi- || have found but little difficulty in concluding a trea-
ples avowed by Mr. R. King in the Senate; or ty with the then predominant party for the pur-
on the principles contained in the petition present- | chase of Texas. But the present predominant
ed to the House of Representatives, by its then party, under Vice-President BustamENTE, appear
speaker, Mr. J. W. Taylor, in the session of || to be jealous of the United States, and, indeed, of
1822–3; or on the principles contained in the Re- | almost every other foreign power, and are decid-
port of a committee of the House of Rrepresenta- || edly opposed to ceding any portion of its territory.
tives, in the case of the slave of D’Auterive, at “No hopes need, therefore, he thinks, be enter-
the session before last. Whenever a majority | tained of our acquiring Texas, until some other
may be found in congress, or on the supreme | party, more friendly to the United States than the
bench, to act upon these principles, thus avowed | present, shall predominate in Mexico-and, per-
and declared from the highest seats of legislative | haps, not until the people of Texas shall throw off
and judicial power, and to carry them out to their | the yoke of allegiance to that government, which
legitimate conclusions, the fate of the slave states they will no doubt do, as soon as they shall have
in this Union will be as much more lamentable a reasonable pretext for doing so. At present
and terrible than that of the French inhabitants of they are probably subject to as few exactions or
San Domingo in '93, as the cruelties of Indian war | impositions as any people under the sun. Their
superadded to the atrocities of negro insurrection || lands are given to them, and they are exempt from
can exceed the horrors of negro insurrection.” taxes of every description, and enjoy many other
We make no comment on the above, except to privileges which they could not look for under any
other government. So long as the government of
say that it has not the least resemblance to pro- Mexico continues to act in good faith towards
bability. No wonder that a man, entertaining them, so long may they be expected to remain
sentiments like these, should wish our government | loyal and peaceable subjects and citizens.”
to grasp the territory in question--sight or wrong!
(We had extended this article to a much great-
A statesman, of this cast, is prepared for any
er length;—but regret to find that we have not
usurpation that power or fraud can render suc room for the whole now. The conclusion will ap-
cessful.
pear next month.)
We next give an extract from the Arkansas Ga-
zette, to show that our government had taken offi- || PERSECUTION OF FREE PEOPLE OF COLOR.
cial measures to obtain the territory, by negotia A gentleman of New-York writes, under date
tion. The Mexicans, however, had become ap- of December 14th, 1831, that 400 colored persons
prized of the designs of our slavite politicians; I have arrived in that place, from the South, on their
they had learned that their great object was to fill way to the Canada Settlement. They were com-
the country with slaves, by which the “accursed | pelled, no doubt, to leave their native homes, by
system” would have been almost indefinitely ex the fiery persecution that now rages against the
tended, and probably perpetuated for centuries; free people of color, on account of the misconduct
and they wisely rejected the insidious proposal, ll of the slaves!!
based, as it was, on the most ambitious and tyran A short time since, twenty persons of color were
nical motives. We think the writer in the Ga sent to New-York, from North Carolina, by the
zette was mistaken in the supposition that the late Society of Friends. They were so severely ha-
President of that Republic and his party would rassed, under the pretence of suspected conspira-
have sanctioned one of the most splendid schemes | cy, that the vexation became insupportable, and
of magnificent despotism that has been presented they determined to seek new homes in some more
to the world since the enslavement of the African || friendly region.
President Guerrero was fully informed of
The fact is, we must have an extensive place of
the grand infernal project; and it is a libel upon refuge for these cruelly oppressed and innocent
his character to assert-indeed the man must be sufferers. Go where they will in this “free”
ignorant of that character who can suppose-that ll no, this despotic country, prejudice stares them in
race.


104
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
MOB AT NORFOLK.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
the face, even if persecution do not quench the last PREVENTION OF SLAVE INSURRECTIONS.
glimmering ray of hope, and efface every vestige
No. III.
of happiness from their minds. Thousands, it is
We shall take a few more extracts from
true, are rising up to plead their cause; and, in
the very interesting pamphlet from which
process of time, a change must come. In the mean
time, let them look towards Canada, Mexico, and we have so liberally quoted already, and
Hayti. There they will be treated as men, and then proceed to prove the correctness of
enjoy every natural human right
our propositions by other equally indubit-
able testimony. Having finished his re-
A very respectable and intelligent colored Bap view of the experiments made by the
tist preacher, of the name of Raymond, residing Hon. J. Steele, Clarkson proceeds :-
in Norfolk, Virginia, was invited to preach at se I have now proved (as far as the plan*
veral places in North Carolina." Having compli- | of Mr. Steele is concerned) my third pro-
ed with the request, he returned home soon after position, or the probability that emancipa-
the period of the Southampton insurrection. || tion would promote the interests of those
Without a shadow of cause for suspicion, a law- who should adopt it ; but as I know of no
less mob immediately assembled before his house, other estate similarly circumstanced with
charging him with participating in that horrible that of Mr. Steele, that is, where emanci-
affair
. They were about to to take him forcibly | pation has been tried, and where a detail-
from his dwelling, (and would, probably, have ex-ed result of it has been made known, I
ecuted him summarily,) when a number of more cannot confirm it by other similar exam-
worthy citizens interfered, and with difficulty pre-ples. I must have resourse, therefore, to
vented them from effecting their design. Heim-
some new species of proof. Now it is an
mediately left Norfolk, and went to New-York, || old maxim, as old as the days of Pliny
where the writer of this article saw him, and re- and Columella, and confirmed by Dr. Ad-
ceived from him the substance of what is here re-
am Smith, and all the modern writers on
lated. He appeared very grateful for thie justice political economy, that the labor of free
and kindness of his white friends, but considera-
bly dejected in spirit, on account of his hair-If therefore I should be able to show that
men is cheaper than the labor of slaves.
breadth escape from a cruel fate.
this maxim would be true if applied to all
Reflecting upon this circumstance, the thought the operations and demands of West Indi-
frequently occurs: How many blacks may have
recently been destroyed, ' by the exasperated blish my proposition on a new ground; for
an agriculture, I should be able to esta-
whites, who were as innocent as the more fortu-|| it requires no great acuteness to infer, that,
nate Raymond? These are some of the conse- || if it be cheaper to employ free men than
quences of fostering a martial spirit. These, o slaves in the cultivation of our islands,
War! are the murderous concomitants of thy || emancipation would be a profitable process.
besom march o'er the world!
I shall show, then, that the old maxim
just mentioned is true, when applied to
THE PHRENSY OF CONSCIOUS Guilt!
the case in our own islands, first by esta-
It is said that the Senate of Georgia has pass- ||blishing the fact that free men, people of
ed certain resolutions, offering a reward of FIVE colour, in the East Indies, are employed
THOUSAND DOLLARS for the arrest and in precisely the same concerns (the cultiva-
conviction of the publishers of the Boston “ Libera- tion of the cane and the making of sugar)
tor”!!!-Let Garrison and Knapp look out, and as the slaves in the West, and that they
beware of kidnappers and assassins. There are are employed at a cheaper rate. The tes-
many who would pay a liberal sum for their timony of Henry Botham, Esq., will be
"scalps!"
quite sufficient for this point.
tleman resided for some time in the East
Indies, where he became acquainted with
We learn, from the Richmond Whig, that the the business of a sugar estate. In the
ship James Perkins sailed from Norfolk, on the *It is much to be feared that this beautiful order
9th inst. for Africa, with about 60 families of of things was broken up after Mr. Steele's death
colored people, comprising upwards of 300 indi- || by his successors, either through their own preju-
viduals, many of them liberated slaves.
dices, or their unwillingness or inability to stand
against the scoffs and prejudices of others. It may
It is also stated, that 22 persons of color (under || be happy, however, for thousands now in slave-
the care of the society of Friends) were sent,
ry, that Mr. Steele lived to accomplish his plan.
about the first of this month, to Dighton, Massa- The constituent parts and result of it being known,
chusetts.
a fine example is shown to those who may be de-
sirous of trying emancipation.
That gen-
EMIGRATION OF COLORED
PEOPLE.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
105
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
very first
year 1770 he quitted the East for the West. be better worked than they now are by
His object was to settle in the latter part | two-thirds or indeed one-half of the present
of the world, if it should be found desir- || force. Let it be considered how much la-
able so to do. For this purpose he visited | bor is lost by the persons overseeing the
all the West Indian Islands, both English forced laborer, which is saved when he
and French, in about two years. He be works for his own profit. I have stated
came during this time a planter, though with the strictest veracity a plain matter
he did not continue long in this situation ; of fact, that sugar-estates can be worked
and he superintended also Messrs. Bosan- cheaper by free men than by slaves."*
quets' and J. Fatio's sugar-plantation in Clarkson further observes:-
their partners' absence. Finding at length
the unprofitable way in which the West which has
been mentioned, is true, whenap-
I shall now show, that the old maxim,
Indian planters conducted their
he returned to the East Indies in 1776, plied to the case ofour West Indian islands,
and established sugar-works at Bencoolen by establishing a fact of a very different
on his own account. - Being in London do much more work in a given time when
kind, viz. that the slaves in the West Indies
in the year 1789, when a committee of
privy council was sitting to examine into they work for themselves, than when they
the question of the slave trade, he deliver be said, do you prove, by establishing this
work for their masters. But how, it will
ed a paper to the board on the mode of
cultivating a sugar plantation in the East fact, that it would be cheaper for our
Indies; and this paper being thought of plauters to employ free men than slaves ?
I
great importance, he was summoned af-
answer, that, while the slaves are work-
terwards in 1791 by a committee of the ling for themselves, they are to be consi-
House of Commons, and was examined
dered, indeed that they are, bona fide, free
laborers. In the first place, they have no
personally upon it.
driver with them on these occasions; and,
It is very remarkable that the
sentence in this paper announced the fact
in the second place, having all their earn-
at once, that “sugar, better and cheaper|lus within them to excite industry which
ings to themselves, they have that stimu-
than that in the West Indian islands, was belongs peculiarly to free men. What is
produced by free men."
Mr. Botham then explained the simple it, I ask, which gives birth to industry in
process of making sugar in the East. "A
any part of the world, seeing that labor is
proprietor, generally a Dutchman, used to not agreeable to man, but the stimulus
let his estate, say 300 acres or more, with arising from the hope of gain? What
proper buildings upon it, to a Chinese, in the day than a slave, but the stimulus
makes an English laborer do more work
who lived upon it and superintended it,
and who relet it to free men in parcels of | arising from the knowledge that what he
50 or 60 acres, on condition they should
earns is for himself and not for another?
plant it in canes for so much for every pe- do much more work by the piece than by
What, again, makes an English laborer
cul, 133 lbs., of sugar produced. This the day, but the stimulus arising from the
superintendent hired people from the adja. || knowledge that he may gain more by the
.
cent villages to takeoff his crop. One set
of task-men with their carts and buffaloes former than by the latter mode of work?
cut the canes, carried them to the mill, and when he is working for himself
, that is,
Just so is the West Indian slave situated,
ground them. A second set boiled them, when he knows that what he earns is for
and a third clayed and basketed them for
his
He has then the stimulus
market at so much per pecul. Thus the of a free man, and he is, therefore, during
renter knew with certainty what every such work (though unhappily no longer)
pecul would cost him, and he incurred no
unnecessary expense; for, when the crop
really, and in effect, and to all intents and
was over, the task-men returned home. purposes, as much a free laborer as any
By dividing the labor in this manner, it
*Mr. Botham's account is confirmed incontro-
was better and cheaper done."
vertibly by the fact, that sugar made in the East
Indies can be brought to England (though it has
The statement of Botham is rather pro- || three times the freight to pay,) and yet be afford-
three times the distance to come, and of course
lix, and part of it irrelevant to the pointed to the consumer at as cheap a rate as any that
under examination. The following sen-
can be brought thither from the West.-Clarkson.
And cotton is now (and sugar will be ere long)
tences conclude his statement:
brought from Mexico, and sold in the United States,
notwithstanding a heavy duty must be paid on it.
"I do suppose our sugar-islands might
own use,
G. U. Eman,


106
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
person in any part of the globe. But if to do for his owner in a whole day or
he be a free man, while he is working for more!" And did not the whole Assem.
himself, and if in that capacity he does | bly of Grenada, in the evidence they trans-
twice or thrice more work than when he mitted to the Privy Council, as we collect
works for his master, it follows, that it from the famous speech of Mr. Pitt on the
would be cheaper for his master to employ | Slave Trade in 1791, affirm the same
him as a free laborer, or that the labor of thing? 'He (Mr. Pitt) would show,'
free men in the West Indies would be he said, 'the futility of the argument of
cheaper than the labor of slaves.* his honorable friend. His honorable friend
That West Indian slaves, when they has himself admitted, that it was in the
work for themselves, do much more in a power of the colonies to correct the vari-
given time than when they work for their ous abuses by which the Negro popula-
masters, is a fact so notorious in the Westtion was restrained. But they could not
Indies, that no one who has been there do this without improving the condition of
would deny it. Look at Long's His- | their slaves, without making them appror-
tory of Jamaica, the Privy Council Re-imate towards the rank of citizens, without
port, Gaisford's Essay on the good Ef- giving them some little interest in their la-
fects of the Abolition of the Slave Trade, || bor, which would occasion them to work
and other books. Let us hear also what with the energy of men. But now the As.
Dr. Dickinson, the editor of Mr. Steele, sembly of Grenada had themselves stated,
and who resided so many years in Barba- that, though the Negroes were allowed the
does, says on the subject; for what he afternoon of only one day in every week,
says is so admirably expressed that I can they would do as much work in that after.
not help quoting it: " The planters," noon when employed for their own benefit,
says he,“ do noi take the right way to as in the whole day when employed in their
make human beings put forth their | masters' service. Now after this confes-
strength. They apply main force where sion the House might burn all his calcula-
they should apply moral motives, and tions relative to the Negro population; for
punishments alone where rewards should | if this population had not quite reached
be judiciously intermixed. They first be the desirable state which he had pointed
slave their poor people with their cursed out, this confession had proved that fur-
whip, and then stand and wonder at the ther supplies were not wanted. A Ne-
tremour of their nerves, and the laxity of gro, if he worked for himself, could do
their muscles. And yet, strange to tell, double work. By an improvement then,
those very inen affirm, and affirm truly, in the mode of labor, the work in the is.
that a slave will do more work for him- || lands could be doubled. But if so, what
self in an afternoon than he can be made would become of the argument of his ho-
* Another case, showing that this presumption ber of the present laborers were necessary.'
norable friend ? for then only half the num-
is a positive truth, susceptible of the most incon-
testible proof, is related by a late southern writer.
We give his own words below.-Ed. G. U. Eman. West Indies do much more work for them-
But the fact, that the slaves in the
“I
was informed by a gentleman who lived near
the Fishdam ford, on Broad River, South Carolina, selves in a given time than when they
that his employer had made an experiment on the work for their masters, may be establish-
management of negroes, of whom he was overseer,
ed almost arithmetically, if we will take
which answered extremely well, and offers to us a
strong case in favor of excitingʻambition by culti the trouble of calculating from authentic
vating utility, local attachment and moral im- documents which present themselves on
provement, among slaves. He established four | the subject. It is surprising, when we
or five plantations, not far apart, and stocked each || look inio the evidence examined by the
of them with a suitable proportion of hands, and
work cattle, under a driver, who had the entire House of Commons on the subject of the
management of every thing under his (the over Slave Trade, to find how little a West In-
seer's) control. The overseer's duty merely 'ex-
dian slave really does when he works for
tended to direct the driver on what land he was
to raise provisions, and where cotton was to be his master; and this is confessed equally
planted ; with this understanding, that all the cot- | by the witnesses on both sides of the ques-
ton raised, afier it was cleaned and packed, be- l tion. One of them (Mr. Francklyn) says,
longed to the owner, and that all the hogs, corn and
provisions left after supplying the plantation, be-
that a laboring man could not get his
longed to the negroes, who might do with it as bread in Europe if he worked no harder
they pleased.
than a Negro.- Another (Mr. Tobin)
"The consequence of this arrangement was, that | that no Negro works like a day-laborer in
ed out better crops than any other plantations of England. Another (Sir John Dalling)
equal force in that neighborhood.”
Il that the general work of Negroes is not


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
107
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
to be called labor. A fourth (Dr. Jack- || admit them to freedom, they would lose
son) that an English laborer does three nothing by so doing; for they would not
times as much work as a Negro in the || admit them to freedom till after a certain
West Indies. Now how are these expres-period of years, during which I contend
sions to be reconciled with the common that the value of every individual slave
notions in England of Negro labor ? for would have been reimbursed to them
"to work like a Negro” is a common from the increased income of their estates.
phrase, which is understood to convey the Mr. Steele, as we have seen, more than
meaning, that the labor of the Negroes is tripled the value of his income during his
the most severe and intolerable that is experiment: I believe that he more than
known. One of the witnesses, however, quadrupled it; for he says, that he more
just mentioned explains the matter. “The than tripled it, besides increasing his stock,
hardship,” says he, "of Negro field-labor is and laying out large sums annually in ad-
more in the mode” than in the quantity ding necessary works, and in repairs of
done. The slave, seeing no end of his la- the damage by the great hurricane. Sup-
bor, stands over the work, and only throws pose then a West India estate to yield at
sunt the hoe to avoid the lash * He appears this moment a net income of 500l. per an-
to work, without actually working." The num, this income would be increased, ac-
truth is, that a Negro, having no interest | cording to Mr. Steele's experience, to
in his work while working for his master, | somewhere about 17001. per annum.
will work only while the whip is upon Would not, then, the surplus beyond the
him.
original 5001., viz. 12001. per annum, be
I have now "shown, first by the evi- || sufficient to reimburse the proprietor in a
dence of Mr. Botham, and secondly, by the few years for the value of every slave
fact of Negroes earning more in a given which he had when he began his plan of
time when they work in their own gar | emancipation ? But he would be reim-
dens, than when they work in their mas- bursed again, that is, (twice over on the
ter's service, that the old maxim “of ils whole for every individual slave,) from a
being cheaper to employ free men than new source, viz. the improved value of his
slaves,” is true, when applied to the opera-
land.
It is a fact well known in the
tions and demands of West Indian agri- United States, that a certain quantity of
culture. But if it be cheaper to employ land, or farm, in full cultivation by free
free men than slaves in the West Indies, men, will fetch twice more money than
then they, who should emancipate their the same quantity of land, similarly cir-
Negroes there, would promote their inte- || cumstanced, in full cultivation by slaves.
rests by so doing.
" But hold !” says an
Let us suppose, then, that the slaves at
objector, “we allow that their successors | present on any West Indian plantation are
would be benefited, but not the emanci- worth about as much as the land with the
pators themselves. These would have a buildings upon it, to which they are at-
great sacrifice to make. Their slaves are tached, and that the land with the build-
worth so much money at this moment :| ings upon it would rise to double its form-
but they would lose all this value, if they er value when cultivated by free men; it
were to be set free. I reply, and indeed 1 || follows that the land and buildings alone
have long affirmed, that it is not propos- would be worth as much then, that is,
ed to emancipate the slaves at once, but to when worked by free laborers, as the land,
prepare them for emancipation in a course buildings, and slaves together are worth at
of years.
Mr. Steele did not make his the present time.
slaves entirely free. They were copyhold So far we have confined our statements
bond-slaves. They were still his proper-principally to a review of Clarkson’s very
ty: and they would, if he had lived, have
continued so for many years. They there interesting exposition. We have many
fore, who should emancipate, would lose other articles, connected with this subject,
nothing of the value of their slaves, so selected for future examination, but must
long as they brought them only to the defer it to the period of issuing the next
door of liberty, but did not allow them to number. The great importance of the
pass through it. But suppose they were
to allow them to pass through it and thus matters here presented to the view of the
reader, will, it is hoped, afford an ample
* That whipping is more fatiguing, and will | apology for occupying so large a space in
wear out the man sooner, than moderate volunta-
ry labor, must be admitted by all.-G. U. Eman. this work.


108
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION:
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
Ladies' Repository.
How can it be believed that the authors of so
much misery are professors of the religion of the
Philanthropic and Literary.
meek and merciful Jesus! that gentle compassion-
PRINCIPALLY CONDUCTED BY A LADY.
ate Woman can lend her sanction to such a system,
and join with the oppressor in the gains of his dark
SLAVEHOLDING.
iniquity. It is a bitter thing to feel that this is the
Oh execrable son! so to aspire
truth-to know that such scenes are of daily oc-
Above his brethren; to himself assuming
Authority usurped, from God not given;
currence in our country; and still more painful is
He gave us only over beast, fish, fowl,
it to witness the indifference with which they are
Dominion absolute; that right we hold
By his donation; but maan over man,
regarded by so large a portion of the community.
He made not lord; such title to himself
Reserving, human left from human free.
CONVERSATION.
Milton.
Among the methods employed by the female
When slaveholding is abolished we may aspire | friends of emancipation, to benefit the unhappy
to the character of a civilized nation; until that era
slave, and extend to other bosoms the sympathy
we may expect to be characterized by posterity as
for his situation, which they themselves feel, must
a race of savages. Cruelty and oppression are
not be overlooked the useful and very obvious one
yet unexpunged vestiges of heathen barbarism.
of frequent conversation on that subject. Those
The spirit of Christianity and Philosophic refine-
who are already interested will, by pursuing this
ment, are both directly and unalterably opposed
to them; and before these they must eventually
course among themselves, find their feelings still
more deeply engaged in the cause of freedom, their
disappear, leaving future ages to reflect with as-
tonishment on their long protracted existence. | purposes strengthened, and their minds excited to
more sedulous perseverance;
while an allusion to
Were it not for the strange obliquity of our moral
the subject in the presence of others, may open the
eyesight, occasioned by prejudice and long fami-
liar custom, we should regard with becoming hor-
door to an instructive discourse, awaken the dor-
ror and repugnance the savagely unnatural prac-
mant sensibilities, and perhaps arouse into action
tice of enslaving our fellow-creatures, and making those who have never before had their attention
merchandise of human flesh. To one whose feel-
directed to the subject. Opportunities for this are
ings have not been rendered obtuse by long ac-
rarely wanting in society, and a few words so
quaintance with the system of slavery, the bare uttered may perhaps leave an abiding impression
imagination of a slave market, would be produc- on a mind previously unoccupied by prejudices,
tive of feelings of utter abhorrence. To place be-
and prepare it to receive, with attention, any fu-
fore the mind's eye a view of christian men gather-ture information relative to the system. Let not
ed together for the purpose of chaffering about the any bę discouraged from adverting to this topic by
purchase of their brethren, disputing for their pos-
the belief that they shall fail to interest their hear-
session, and meting out the price of human limbs ers; it is better to risk the mortification of being
in paltry pieces of coin :-to behold the miserable | listened to with repulsive coldness, than to fail of
objects of their scandalous traffic-terrified and using every proper exertion, in a cause where so
heart-stricken mothers, whose frighted infants | much is needful in order to ensure success. Be-
cling shrieking about them for protection—youth sides, where there is least expectation of securing.co
ful females shrinking painfully from the exposure | attention, the attempt to do so is sometimes re-
of their situation, and goaded forward by the rude
warded by a more than ordinary display of it ;-
lash and brutal oath into public notice-husbands | or, if productive of no immediate effect, the words
and fathers awaiting in sullen anguish the decision may be like bread, which being “cast upon the
which is to be to them the parting knell from all waters” shall be found “after many days.” If
they love and aged men that have perhaps worn
those who are now most deeply interested for our
out their lives in toil for those who are now about slave population endeavor to trace those felings of
to transfer them, for a paltry pittance, to a stran-
interest to their spring, they will probably, in ma-
ger's service-who that has the feelings of a human | ny instances, find they have had their rise from
being would not be filled with mingled emotions of quite as trifling a source as a casual conversation.
grief and shame and detestation at such a scene! | Cowper's beautiful poem, “The Negro's Com-
Yet these are only the outlines of the picture, the plaint,” was distributed all over England under
less obvious touches of the reality are crowded the title of “A subject for Conversation at the
with much that is still more harrowing to the feel- || Tea-table;" and was supposed to be productive
the appealing look, the convulsive sigh, the l of so much good effect that Clarkson has thought
disregarded prayer—these we have not attempted || it worthy of notice in his “ History of the Aboli-
to portray:-nor aught of the varied circum- || tion.” An abstinence from slave produce, if of no
stances of peculiar and individual wretchedness, other service, would be valuable on account of its
that are of perpetual recurrence.
frequently giving rise to such conversations, and
ings;


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
109
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
sent.
brow;
ment set
we hope that the few advocates of that system, will For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
suffer no suitable opportunity for representing its
THE SUNSET HOUR.
advantages to pass unimproved.
No! I have not forgotten yet the gentle sunset
hour,
PETITIONING CONGRESS.
That comes with such a soothing touch, to shut
To the politeness of a Lady in Philadelphia, || Nor have I yet forgotten those who shared its
the bright leaved flower,
we are indebted for a copy of the annexed Memo-
light with me,
rial to the Congress of the United States. At a Amidst a scene I fondly love, though distant far it
be.
more convenient season, we may notice this sub-
ject further. Our limits are too narrow at pre- || A gleaming of its parting light is lingering even
The memorial will, as we understand, be
now,
generally circulated in Philadelphia and its vicini-With dim and faded brilliancy, around my lifted
ty, and, no doubt, many signers will be obtained. While memory flings aside the veil that hangs o'er
It will be laid before Congress some time during the parted things,
And drives the shadows from the past, before her
present session, if, upon due consideration, too ma-
glancing wings.
ny exciting causes shall not render it inexpedient. I seem to see thee, gentle friend, before me even
To the Senate and House of Representatives of the U.
yet!
States of America, in Congress assembled :-
So meekly in thy wonted place beside the case-
Your Memorialists, Female citizens of Philadel-
phia and its vicinity, with due respect represent: With calm still brow, and placid eye across the
That deeply commiserating the condition of
landscape bent,
that portion of the citizens of these United States, || Where all of nature's varied charms are beautiful-
who are held in bondage, we earnestly solicit your ly blent.
attention to this momentous subject.
Your Memorialists believe, that if our General The gliding stream, the low white mill, the hill
Government act to the extent of their power in upswelling high,
removing this evil, their example may have a happy with its few crowning forest trees, so painted on
influence on the Legislatures of the southern States.
the sky;
Our sympathies are also enlisted on behalf of The vine-hung crag, the shadowy wood, the fields
the Slaveholders, on many of whom this evil is
of tufted maize,
entailed, and who are involved in increased diffi- || And emerald meadow slopes that gleam beneath
culties by the recent lamentable occurrences.
the sunset rays.
Your Memorialists are aware that at this junc. | In sooth it is a lovely scene; alas! that some as
ture our attempt may be considered intrusive, but
fair,
we approach you unarmed; our only banner is | Man's lawless selfishness should make the home
Peace.
of dark despair!
The Slave system, as it exists at this time in That 'midst glad nature's purity the bending
the District of Columbia, particularly claims our
slave should tread,
attention, not that we feel less keenly
the suffer- | And proud oppression o'er the earth a waste of an-
ings of those, who are not within its limits, but as
guish spread!
that section is under the immediate jurisdiction
of Congress, we entreat, that effective measures || Hath God's rich mercy formed the earth so beau-
may be adopted for the entire abolition of Slavery tifully bright,
in the District of Columbia.
For man to wrap his brother's soul in gloominess
and night?
In this month's Genius we commence the inser- That all its charms must be unseen, its loveliness
tion of an interesting article, entitled an “ Apology By eyes and hearts all dimmed and broke by cru-
unfelt,
for Ladies' Anti-Slavery Associations.” It is too
elty and guilt?
long to copy in one number, and too valuable to
No! never hath he meant that those within whose
abridge. We have therefore divided it; and the
forms are shrined,
conclusion will appear hereafter.
The rich and deep capacities of an undying mind,
We have not idom for any remarks of our own, Should ’neath a brother's foot be crushed, be load-
ed with his chains,
upon this publication, now. We are indebted to a
And drain to feed his riot waste the life-blood from
friend in the state of New York for the pamphlet their veins !
containing it. Our female friends, in the United
States, who have been awakened to the subject up-
on which it treats, will, no doubt, feel sufficiently
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
interested to peruse it with that attention whichi
SLAVE LUXURIES.
its nervous style and cogency of reasoning de I believe it is Addison who declared in
mand. The pamphlet was issued at London, one of his essays, that the sight of a luxu-
in the year 1828. Since that period great activity riously spread table, always exhibited to
has been manifested among the friends of freedom || his imagination, the sight of innumerable
in both England and Ireland, and a powerful im- | diseases lying in ambush among the dish-
pulse given to the sacred cause of West Indian An idea something similar to this
emancipation. To this the publication before us has arisen in my mind with respect to an
has, probably, contributed essentially.
entertainment imbued with the spirit of
GERTRUDE.
es.


110
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
the slave cultivated cane. I have fan- | object the recommendations and orders of
cied that the death-sigh of some unfortu-Government have been issued in vain.
nate victim of oppression might be yet || The colonists claim, and are still allowed
trembling on the bosom of a jelly, and the to exercise uncontrolled right of property
rich favor of a conserve conceal the bri- | in the person and posterity of their slaves,
ny tears that have mingled with the sa- and to spurn the interposition of the Bri-
charine chrystals that enter into its compo- tish Legislature.* In the mean time, the
sition. A pound cake seems like the se- public ear has grown weary and impa-
pulchre of the broken heart with which it tient of the subject. Numbers have de-
may perhaps have been purchased, and serted the anti-slavery standard. Some,
the delicious ice to wear the red tinge of who once ranked amongst its ablest sup-
human blood. If those who unscrupu- | porters, do not scruple to express their
lously partake of these delicacies, had be- disgust at the bare mention of slavery ; fa-
held the horrors by which they are too of- | miliar acquaintance with its nature seems
ten purchased, if they could witness, ga- | to have extinguished their horror of its
thered up before them, all the agony endur-atrocities, and to have deadened their
ed by their fellow-creatures, only that the sympathy for its victims.
gratification of their palates might be In an enterprise so difficult,—under cir-
ministered to, I believe there are few fe- cumstances so discouraging,—what can
males who would retain any desire to we, whose ability and influence are so cir-
taste of the blood-polluted banquet. Yet cumscribed, hope to accomplish?
why should the sight of blood be needed, We must remember that "the race is
when they knowit has been shed, to awaken not always to the swift, nor the battle to
their sleeping sensibilities ? Under other the strong ;"—that there is an all-control-
circumstances, they would shudder to being power which can defeat the best con-
told that the morsel upon their lips, or the certed plans of human policy and prosper
garments upon their forms, had been torn the feeblest :-that the great purpose of
by rapine and murder from the hands of infinite wisdom are often accomplished
their rightful possessors ; and who can as- through weak instruments.
sure them that theprice of the very articles It is encouraging to know that the great
now before them, has not been the life of a leaders in this arduous conflict are far from
fellow-creature! The whole system of regarding our co-operation as an officious
slavery is replete with barbarity, and there or useless intermeddling :-one of them
are numerous instances of the o'er-wearied thus expresses himself in a letter to a
slave having perished with exhaustion | friend: “I am well acquainted with the
amidst his toil, or died beneath the tor- | Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society at Birming.
tures of the mercilessly inflicted lash;— ham, Calne, &c., and am of opinion that
and how can it be said that the object for || never were better instruments thought of
which such cruelties are perpetrated, is for the furtherance of our cause.
free from the stain of blood ?
persuaded," says another, " that the great
work of emancipation, if ever accomplish-
ed by this country, will be brought about
APOLOGY FOR LADIES' ANTI-SLAVERY by the people; and I am convinced that
Ladies' Anti-Slavery Societies are of great
lise in increasing the public interest in this
By the author of “ Immediate, not Gradual Aboli-
tion," &c.
momentous question.”
AGAINST a system of oppression up-
The noble veterans who have borne the
held on British territory by British law heat and burden of the day, who have de-
and British gold, -pronounced by Dr. Pa- voted their time ard talents, their whole
the most merciless and tyrannical ever
ley
lives to this righteous cause,—who have
tolerated on the face of the earth,”—proved,
furnished us through an incessant fire of
by unquestionable evidence, to involve misrepresentation, calumny, and abuse,
the worst extremes of injustice and cruel with volumes of unquestionable, well-au-
ty,--demonstrated to be as mischievouslythenticated facts, illustrative of the present
impolitic as it is astrociously wicked,
nature of West Indian slavery; are now, in
the nation has protested and petitioned in the bitternes of successive disappointment,
vain. For five years, philanthropists and * A Correspondent well acquainted with the
patriots, statesmen and moralists, have sentiments of the West Indians says, they do
been striving, in vain, to obtain some miti- || lic, or for the threa:s of the British Government :
not care one jot for the clamours of the British pub-
gation of its enormities. To effect this ll they believe in the sincerity of neither.”
1 I am
MARGARET.
ASSOCIATIONS.
66


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
111
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
resort.
looking to us for co-operation in their final We may not say in this case,
"Am I
These devoted philanthropists my brother's keeper ?" and hold ourselves
have been our pioneers;—they have open- | guiltless, because we are not the active
ed and cleared the way for us;-they agents of his oppression. We have known,
have spared us the labor of enquiry and we have seen-the anguish of his soul,
investigation ;-they have proved what | in the well-authenticated records of his
slavery in the British West Indies actual complicated wrongs; his silent, unresist-
ly is ;-they have spared us the trouble ing, long and patiently-endured sufferings,
of confuting the bold assertions of its sup. cry, though in no audible voice, yet in lan-
porters, that it is an easy and a happy ser-guage which should pierce the inmost
vitude; they have demonstrated by ac- soul of a christian, for such exertions for
curate calculations, that in those Islands his relief as we, in his circumstances,
where sugar is most cultivated, the de- | should reasonably claim for ourselves ;-
struction of human life is going on at a and it is at our peril to withhold them.
rate so rapid, as, were it generally
to pre-
And what are those exertions which
vail, “would depopulate the earth in less we, in his circumstances, should reasona-
than half a century."*
bly claim? Doubtless, such as would
The sensitive nature of woman must
most speedily break our cruel bonds, and
dispose her to regard with peculiar hostili- restore to us our unalienable rights. This,
ty an institution which rudely tears asun. || it may be said, has been the grand object
der all the strongest ties of nature, and of all anti-slavery labors; they have aimed
subjects the sex to the most degrading and || at gradual emancipation, because no oth-
brutal coercion ;-her leisure and her in-
er was thought practicable, But the fal-
fluence in the domestic department enable || lacy of this aim seems now to have been
her to be a most efficient auxiliary in dis- || abundantly proved, in the wide door it
countenancing the consumption of that has opened for the endless contentions of
luxury from which slavery derives its opposing interests ;-in the time and op-
chief profit, and the rejection of which portunity it has afforded the strong party
would be fatal to the system of slave-cul- to circumvent the weak,—to set the rights
tivation.
of possession against the claims of justice,
But how can such an extensive rejec-
—to prove the sacredness of vested inte-
tion of that luxury be obtained as would || rests in fraud and robbery ;-in the time
secure this result? It can be obtained by || and opportunity it has afforded the colo-
no ordinary efforts. Christian duty alone nists for systematic opposition and deter-
can supply the requisite portion of zeal-mined resistance,—for bribing sordid ta-
ous exertion ;-and for that portion of zeal- | lents to plead the cause of the oppressor
ous exertion which christian duty alone against the oppressed. Its fallacy has
can supply, no more urgent claims than been abundantly proved by the heart-sick-
those of the cause in which we have em- ||ening delays and bitter disappointments
barked were ever presented. The eter to which it has subjected the abolitionists;
nal as well as temporal interests of 800, -above all in the long interval it has af-
-L100 of our fellow-subjects are deeply con- forded for the decline of public sympathy,
cerned in it;—and so are our own.
—for the profitless expenditure of that
The vast accumulation of well-authen- || strong current of right feeling which burst
ticated facts illustrative of the nature and forth on the first faithful delineation of the
consequences of colonial slavery ;--the horrors of slavery, and which would have
immense labor bestowed in enlightening done much towards effecting its complete
the public mind, in disabusing public cre- extinction, had that been the object to-
dulity, in detecting and exposing that re-
wards which it had been directed.
fuge of lies behind which its supporters are More than five years have elapsed
continually striving to hide its enormities; | since the first formation of the Society for
--the palpable demonstrations, furnished the melioration and gradual extinction of
by the colonists themselves,f that it is the British Colonial Slavery ;-more than
greatest moral and physical curse which four years have elapsed since a Govern-
can degrade and embitter human exist: ment pledge was obtained for the accom-
ence,-lay us under a very aggravated plishment of this object ;-and the work is
weight of responsibility.
yet to be begun !mno progress worth no-
* See Second Report of the Anti-Slavery Society. tice has been made in it! Nor will there,
as we firmly believe, ever be any progress
† See “ A Picture of the Slave Colonies, drawn
by the Colonists themselves."
worth notice in a design so heartless and


112
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION
WHATSOEVER
YE
WOULD
THAT
Fiat Justitia Ruat Colum.
so hopeless ; so defective in principle; so for slave productions should cease, slavery
incapable of sustaining a vigorous inte itself must cease.
rest; so exceedingly short of the requisi Now, Messrs. Editors, there must be a
tions of justice; so widely diverging from beginning somewhere in this movement;
the course prescribed by christian duty- and where in all this country, could it be-
from the sacred injunction, “ALL THINGS || gin better than here, in this commercial
MEN | metropolis ?
SHOULD DO UNTO YOU, DO YE EVEN SO UN I do therefore propose, that an Anti-
TO THEM.”
Slavery meeting be called forth with, for
[To be continued.)
the purpose of adopting such measures as
in their opinion will tend to overthrow
The Olio.
slavery. And who can tell but such a
meeting would be the commencement of a
From the American Spectator of Nov. 5. movement that would result in the accom-
CHALLENGE ACCEPTED.
plishment of this great object ? Let us at
A Mr. Jones of New-York challenges
least " TRY."
HUMANITAS.
any advocate of the Colonization Society,
to defend it against him. I am ready, | derivation of Cuffee, a word colloquially employed
A friend of mine was asked lately to give the
and now prescribe the terms. He shall
to designate the sons and daughters of Ethiopia.
publish first, in the N. Y. Spectator, Ga "Our community,” said the legal gentleman," is
zette or Courier, or in the Philadelphia divided into two great classes: the whites, who
are Cuffers, and the blacks, who are Cuffees."
National or U.S. Gazette, or Poulson's
Advertiser, or in the Baltimore Chronicle
PREMIUM FOR RICE.
or American, or in the Intelligencer or The sum of TWENTY DOLLARS will be given
Telegraph of Washington City. The ar as a premium, over and above the market price,
ticles to be alternate, the numbers rot to raised by Free Labor, and delivered in Philadel
for Five Casks of Fresh Rice, of good quality,
exceed five, and each not to occupy more phia, to 'Charles Peirce, before the first of June
than one column in the paper; a copy of | next, 1832.
the papers containing them to be sent gra-
The gentleman above named, is well known as
tis to the American Spectator.
a very respectable Grocer in Philadelphia, who
has, for several years past, made it a particular bu-
siness to keep articles in his line that are exclu-
sively the production of free labor.
From the N. Y. Genius of Temperance.
The premium, together with the market price,
will be promptly paid, on the delivery of the Rice,
Messrs. EDITORS :
accompanied by proper reference and vouchers
There are thousands upon thousands from some respectable person who is known in
who are inquiring at the present time,
Philadelphia.
what can be done to overthrow slavery.
They are anxious to do something, but GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
what to do they find not. I will therefore
Vol. XII.
propose a measure, which, if adopted by known. It has been published ten years, and cir-
The object and character of this work are well
all who wish to see slavery done away, || culated in all the States of this Union, in Canada
will produce the desired effect-a measure the West Indies, Furope and Africa. It is excl.
which could be very easily adopted- sively devoted to the subject of the Abolition of Sia-
very, on the American Continent and Islands.
which would cost neither blood nor trea-
sure—and which surely will be adopted, The work will, henceforth, be issued monthly.
if people care one half for the subject | It will be neatly printed on fine paper, and folded
which they seem to do. The measure is in the octayo form, each number making sixteen
this :-to practise “total abstinence” from
The price of subscription will be One Dollar per
slave productions. Let free labor stores | annum, always to be paid in advance.
be established, and let the opposers of slav-
Subscribers who do not particularly specify the
ery patronize them, rather than others. Editor of a desire to discontinue it before the expi-
time they wish to receive the work, or notify the
In order to this, let Anti-Slavery Societies ration of each current year, will be considered as
be organized, after the manner of Temper- engaged for the next succeeding one, and their
ance Societies, and thus let the friends of bills will be forwarded accordingly.
Agents will be entitled to six copies for every
the cause act in concert. Let there be | five dollars remitted to the Editor, in current mo-
Anti-Slavery Agents employed, to scour ney of the United States.
the free states, and rouse up the people to
All letters and communications intended for
the great measure of “total abstinence" this office, must be addressed, free of expense, to
BENJAMIN LUNDY, Washington, D. C.
from the productions above mentioned.
IPA few copies of the Eleventh Volume, com-
And it is self-evident, that if the market li plete, for sale.
SHADE OF ASHMUN.
THE
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.
large pages.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
EDITED BY B. LUNDY-PUBLISHED IN WASHINGTON AND BALTIMORE-$1.00 PER ANN.
“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, and endowed by their Creator with certain
inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”—Declaration of Independence, U.S.
Supplement to Number 7, Volume XII.
A BOLITION OF SLAVERY IN THE DISTRICT is past, when republican legislators can play in-
OF COLUMBIA.
to the hands of the greatest tyrants, without being
If any thing, that the generality of politicians strictly interrogated on the score of consistenCY.
have yet done, were calculated to excite our utter
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES U.S. Dec. 19, 1831.
astonishment, the following Report, from the Com- | District of Columbia, made the following report,
Mr. DODDRIDGE, from the Committee for the
mittee for the District of Columbia, made to the which was read and concurred in by the House.
House of Representatives of the U. S. on the have, according to order, had under their consi-
The Committee of the District of Columbia
19th inst. is fully sufficient for the purpose. Wederation the memorials of sundry citizens ofathe
were prepared for the exhibition of the grossest | State of Pennsylvania, to them referred, praying
inconsistency, the rankest sentimental tyranny,
the passage of such a law or laws by Congress,
and the most anti-republican doctrines, supported and the slave trade within the said District, and beg
as may be necessary for the abolition of slavery
by the most paradoxical logic:-all this we ex leave to report thereon, in part:
pected, from the unprincipled advocates of heredi Considering that the District of Columbia is
tary slavery, on the floor of Congress. But we were
composed of cessions of territory made to the
United States by the States of Virginia and Ma-
not prepared for such a Report as this, accompa- 1 ryland, in both of which States Slavery exists,
nied, as it is, by the name of Philip DoDDRIDGE! | and the territories of which surround the District,
We copy it, now, without further comment:—but your Committee are of opinion, that until the
we put the following questions to the Chairman / wisdom of the State Governments shall have de-
vised some practicable means of eradicating or
of the Committee, (as a gentleman whom we diminishing the evil of Slavery, of which the me-
have long highly respected, and as a truly patrio- | morialists complain, it would be unwise and im-
tic statesman,) for his calm and deliberate con- | politic, if not unjust, to the adjoining States, for
sideration. When these queries are properly di- | Congress to interfere in a subject of such delicacy
and importance as is the relation between mas-
gested, we shall probably offer a few more ideas for ter and slave.
the consideration of our National Legislators. If, under any circumstances, such an interfer-
1st. If Congress is not invested with a perfect
ence on the part of Congress would be justified,
right to legislate for this District, where does the your Committee are satisfied that the present is
an inauspicious moment for its consideration,
legitimate authority rest, seeing the people are dis Impressed with these views your committee offer
franchised, and have no other Legislature to which for the consideration of the House the following
resolution :
they can look for protection :-or, if Congress do
Resolved, That the Committee on the District
possess this right, independently, should it not be of Columbia be discharged from the further con-
exercised, when the national honor and the indi-sideration of so much of the prayer of the me-
vidual interests of the majority of those concerned morialists, citizens of the State of Pennsylvania,
to them referred, asking the passage of such law
require it ?
or laws as may be necessary for the abolition of
2d. Is it not “unwise” in one independent le- slavery and the slave trade within the said Dis-
gislative body, to wait for the counsel or move attrict, as relates to the first of these objects, the
the bidding of another, in matters purely munici- || abolition of slavery within said Disirict.
pal, though of high import as respects its own
character and future welfare?
Some very good remarks will be found in the
3d. Was it“ unwise,” or “ unjust,” in the Le- || following article ; and we hope that instead of
gislature of Pennsylvania, to abolish the system setting their faces against the victims of the most
of slavery,--seeing that the slaveholding States || causeless and fiery persecution ever yet known,
of Maryland and Virginia, lie contiguous to that the citizens of our free States will compassionate
Commonwealth ?
them, and act upon the principle here recommend-
4th. But to come nearer to the point :-Was it | ed. The “Pilgrims,” from the bigotted and en-
unwise," "impolitic,” or “ unjust,” in the Con- || slaved nations of Europe, found a refuge from
gress of the United States, to restrict the people of || persecution in Northern America. The sons of
Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, upon this very same sub- || those worthy people will, surely, commisserate
ject, “ composed,” as these several districts were, “ of others in similar circumstances.
cessions of territory made to the United States by
From the Commercial Advertiser.
the State of Virginia ?”
Having read with considerable interest the edi-
Enough for the present ;—but we shall read | torial remarks in the Spectator respecting the pre-
sent cruel expulsion of the free blacks from the
this Committee a longer catechism, very soon. The southern states, in reflecting on the circumstance
spirit of justice is abroad in the earth. The timell that numbers of them have been landed on our
REFUGE FOR THE PERSECUTED.
CC


114
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Colum.
of a gen-
shores, and that a remedy is inquired for, the fol-
GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF TEXAS,
lowing remarks are suggested.
For a long period this country, and more espe-
This very interesting portion of the
cially the State of New York, has been an asy- || Mexican Republic is beginning to attract
lum for the distressed poor of distant lands.-
The immense numbers of this class poured among the attention of American Philanthropists.
us, particularlymfom Ireland, has occasionally || That it will, eventually, become one of
caused such alarm, as to induce the enactment of
severe laws to prevent their introduction. These the most important agricultural and com-
measures, however, proved unavailing, and time mercial sections of North America, there
has made it manifést, that we can absorb many
thousands annually of these suffering people, not cannot be a doubt. And that it will, ulti-
only without detriment, but so as greatly to
mote our general prosperity. The canals, rail- | mately, present an asylum for hundreds of
ways, domestic manufactures, &c., could noi thousands of our oppressed colored people,
otherwise have advanced as they have, but at a
vast additional expense of capital, and the with- || is equally probable.
drawing a large body of our own citizens from Entertaining this belief, we offer no
pursuits more congenial to their habits. Now, if
I am rightly informed, the current of this descrip- | apology for occupying a considerable
tiort of emigrants, has latterly been very much
turned into Canada, and from hence to the west- space in this work with statements of par
ern parts of our Union. I would therefore pro- | the many advantages there held out to
pose that we grant an asylum to our persecuted such as may choose to settle in that fine
colored countrymen, which I am persuaded can
be done, to our mutual advantage.
region, where the rigors of winter are un-
Last summer, the writer of this hired an indi-
vidual, at ten dollars per month, who was once a
known, and where man, without distinc-
slave in the south, and probably a burden to his tion of color or condition, is looked upon as
master; and a neighbor of mine paid a colored
man who was formerly his slave, one hundred | the being that Deity made him-free and
dollars for his services the present year. And I || independent.
know not that either of us were ever better sery-
ed, or better satisfied with our contract. And yet, The following is from the pen
simply, as a question of interest, neither of us
tleman of the name of Smith, who had
would accept either of these men as a slave, be-
cause it would destroy every motive to serve us spent about two years in Texas, and had
faithfully and profitably, whereas they are now
saving
nearly all their wages, and will probably travelled much in various parts of that
in a few years, own each a small farm.
section of country, previous to the year
In addition to these facts, from the
very
obvious
1826. From the concurrent testimony of
improvement that has taken place in the dress and
deportment of the colored population since their sundry other respectable individuals, who
liberation in this State, there is satisfactory evi- have had fair opportunities of judging, we
dence that the improvement is general, and that
they are beginning to respect theinselves and to be have no doubt of the general correctness
respected.
of this statement.
If, therefore, the good citizens of New York
will kindly receive these persecuted people for the “The province of Texas is bounded south
son will adınit of it, to seek employment through | by the Gulf of Mexico; east and north-
the State, surely their benevolence would be bless- east by the state of Louisiana and the ter-á)
ed to themselves, and to the recipients of their ritory of Arkansas; and west and south-
bounty. It is not expected that this State will
necessarily be their permanent home. Whenever west by the Mexican provinces of New
any thing like their just rights be granted them in Mexico, Cuahuila and Santander. It is
the South, congeniality of climate will tend pow- situated between 27 and deg. north
erfully to draw them to that quarter, happily with | latitude, * and 93 and 107 deg. west lon-
improved habits of industry and economy.
Here allow me to deplore the conduct and situ-
gitude from Greenwich. Its extreme
ation of our mistaken brethren in the South. I length is about 1000 to 1200 miles, and
have the fullest confilence that any State, (if ge- || its average breadth 350 miles. "The sur-
neral concert be unattainable,) might at once dis- | face of the country, especially for the dis-
perse the tremendous cloud that hangs over it, by | tance of 150 miles from the Gulf, is mo-
giving freedom to its slaves! Make its municipal
regulations to prevent vagrancy, as strict as it | derately uneven, the hills rarely having
pleases, but give to all its inhabitants personal || pretensions to the dignity of mountains.
freedom. Low wages would only be necessary,
and the planters would be better, and more profit * On consulting the best maps, it appears that
ably served than heretofore; and their increased the mouth of the river Nueces (the southernmost
safety, prosperity and happiness would soon in- | point of Texas) is in 27 deg. 15 min. north lati-
duce others to follow the example. This is not || tude; ard the southwestern point of Arkansas,
theory merely; it has been tried in Mexico, in which may probably be considered the highest
South America, in half our own States, with com northern limit of the Territory, is in about 33 deg.
plete success; at least so far as our own unrea 40 min, thus including 5 deg. 55 min. or upwards
sonable prejudice against people of color do yet of 350 miles, from south to north, of the finest cli-
permit.
M. mate on the habitable globe.-Ed. G. U. Eman.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
115
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
Indeed there are no mountains in the pro- idea, in the general correct, of their posi-
vince, except those on the river Colorado, tions. The prairies contain no timber ex-
or if others do exist, they are situated oncept small groves, and scattering trees.
the Northwest and unexplored corner of They are clothed with a rich covering of
the province. These mountains rise at || strong, coarse grass; and in the northern,
the distance of about 150 miles in a direct and western parts of the province, with
line from the ocean. From thence they mesquite bushes and prickly pears. The
extend Northwestwardly on both sides of timbered uplands are also covered with,
the river, 80 to 100 miles, when they grass not less luxuriant in its growth than
again sink into level prairie. I do not that of the prairies : so that no country on
know the breadth of the mountains from earth affords better pasturage for horses,
Northwest to Southwest, but I believe | cattle, sheep and goats. The tinibered
they have little extent in this direction ; | uplands are in general well adapted to the
for from an elevated peak on the east bank | growth of corn, cotton, &c. In some in-
of the river I have overlooked longitudinal stances, the hills are of a light sandy soil,
Jy the whole range; clearly distinguish- not less valuable on that account; as this
ing the prairie beyond them. This peak | description of country is beiter calculated
however is near the southern extremity of than the richer soils for the successful cul-
the mountains : and it is not improbable | tivation of the vine. The soil of some of
that they have a more considerable breadth the prairies is of an indifferent quality :
in a higher latitude. The mountains of whilst the great body of them consists of a
the Colorado are not regular in their shape strong black loom, which is proved from
or course, but consist of numerous isola- || actual experience, to be highly productive.
ted peaks, having little connexion with The most indifferent soils of the province
each other, but that of near neighborhood. cannot be termed barren. Lands of the
They are for the most part bare of trees ; || like quality in the Atlantic states, are not
and even those that are not entirely desti- || suffered to lay waste: but through the in-
tute of covering, are clothed only with dustry, and agricultural skill of the inha-
dwarf cedars. The rocks and caverns of bitants, are rendered highly productive.
the mountains are much frequented by || On the Colorado and San Jacinto, and on
bears and other wild animals, as affording the Trinity and its waters, are immense
a shelter from the elements, and a safe re- bodies of pine land similar in quality to
treat from the pursuit of man. That the postoak lands; and furnishing timber
part of the province not mountainous, con of the best quality, amply sufficient for
sists of three descriptions of country, to all the wants of a numerous population.
wit: prairie, and bottom, and postoak The bottom, or intervale lands in this
lands. The eastern section of the pro- country, vary in breadth from one to fif-
vince, (indeed from the Sabine to the To-teen miles. They are heavily timbered
yaca, 35 miles,) is covered with hickory and with oak, ash, peccan, black walnut, elin,
oak of different species; and the land in hackberry, cotton wood and sycamore.
general is fertile and well watered. The The under growth consists of different
postoak region extends from the Toyaca || species of vines, of cane, and wild peach.
to the 'Trinity. This species of oak is al. The soil of those lands is inferior in quali-
so found bordering on the bottoms of the ty to none on earth. It is well adapted to
Brazos, from the Labahia crossing of that the growth of corn, wheat, rye, oats, flax,
river, to the Ueco (Waco) village (130 and all culinary vegetables. None of
miley.) West also of the Brazos, and these productions, however, can be consi-
north of the St. Antonio road, and extend - dered as the staples of the province. Cot-
ing to the mountains of the Colorado, and ton, sugar-cane, the vine, and the olive,
from thence southwardly along the bot- || will be the principal objects of culture in
toms of that river to the Atascozito cross Texas.
. We have ample experimental
ing, postoak is the prevailing, and almost proof that the lands in the province of Tex-
the only species of timber. The remain- | as, yield a more abundant crop of cotton,
der of the lands in the province, excepting and that too of a finer, and longer staple,
the bottoms on the rivers and creeks, | than the most favorite regions of the south-
which are from one to fifteen miles broad, ern states of North America : and it may
may be denominated prairie land. In de confidently be predicted, that five years
fining the limits of the different descrip- || will not have elapsed, before "Texas cot-
tions of country, I have not of course aim- ton” will be as well known in foreign
ed at exactness, intendling only to give an ll markets, and as eagerly sought for, as 1:5


116
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
The tide
that of Mississippi at the present day. || deposit of sand from the ocean.
Sugar-cane grows luxuriantly in the flows up the Brazos about 50 miles, and
province: and the cane becomes “sweet” ||thus far it is at all seasons navigable: and
much higher than in Louisiana. This is when the river is swollen, it is navigable
owing, not only to the favorable influence for keel-boats and small steam-boats 7
of the soil and climate, but to the fact, thator 800 miles from its mouth. The San
the frosts here set in days, and some Jacinto and Buffalo Bayou rise in the
times weeks, later than in the sugąr re-country between the lower Trinity and
gion in that state. The fruits which can Brazos, and after a short course, unite at
be successfully cultivated in Texas, are the the distance of 42 miles from the head of
orange, pear, peach, nectarine, apricot, | the bay of Galveston, into which they are
quince, fig, plum, grape, and olive; and discharged. The tide flows up the Buf-
it is probable that the apple will come to falo Bayou 40 miles above the junction of
perfection in the northern, and many the creeks, affording a good navigation
West India fruits not mentioned above, in for vessels of six feet draft, to a point but
the southern sectious of the province. 25 miles from the Brazos and not more
At the distance of 35, 80 and 92 miles | than 40 miles distant from the town of St.
west of the Sabine, are the creeks Toyaca, Felipe de Austin. Galveston Bay extends
Andelina, and Noches. They have a from the island of that name about 40
southern direction, and unite about 20 or || miles north, having an average width of
30 miles from the ocean, discharging about 14 miles.—The harbor is off the
their waters after their junction, into the Northeast point of the island, and has an
Sabine bay. There is much good land anchorage perfectly secure, and sheltered
on each of these creeks, but their bottoms from all winds. Vessels of twelve feet
in general are subject to inundation. West | draft can enter the harbor from the ocean
of the Noches, and distant 48 miles, is the at the lowest tides.' Ten feet is the gene-
Trinity. This river rises in the high landsral depth of water, over the bay of Galves-
near Red river, and running Southeast, af- || ton; but a bar called Red-fish Bar ex-
ter a course of about 400 miles, discharg. tends east and west across the bay, af-
ing its waters into Trinity or Galveston fording at low tides but five feet water for
bay.-- At low water, the Trinity is an in- vessels bound to the mouth of the Trinity
considerable stream, its waters transpa- or the San Jacinto. The, San Bernardo
rent, its banks (70 to 100 yards apart,) | enters the Gulf of Mexico about 14 miles
almost perpendicular, and remarkably ele- west of the mouth of the Brazos. The
vated. Notwithstanding the great eleva- tide flows 30 miles up this river, and thus
tion of its banks, in seasons of floods they | far it is at all times easy of navigation:
are full, and often overflown: at which but the San Bernardo is more remarkable
time the Trinity is navigable, for boats of for the breadth and fertility' of its bottom
considerable burthen, 200 miles or more land, than for its length or magnitude.
from its mouth. Seventy miles west of These bottoms are not less than sixty
the Trinity is the river Brazos, a stream miles along the river, and have an
150 to 200 yards wide from bank to bank. average breadth of about 15 miles. They
This river is a miniature picture of Red are of wonderful fertility; and adapted as
river in Louisiana : so much does it resem- this section of country is to the cultivation
ble that stream in the appearance of its of cotton and sugar, it bids fair, at no dis-
waters, its bed and its banks. Like the tant day, to become one of the most
Trinity its rises in the highlands near Red wealthy agrieultural districts in North
river, thougii much farther to the west, | America. Sixty miles west of the Brazos,
than the sources of that stream; and af- the river Colorado crosses the St. Anto-
ter a Southeast course of about 1,000 nio road. It rises in the high lands to-
miles, discharges itself into the Gulf ofwards the sources of Red river. Like the
Mexico, about 18 miles west of the west- other streams of the province, it has a
ern end of Galveston island. This river Southeast direction, passes through the
has no bay at its mouth; but a canal of a range of mountains before mentioned, and
few miles, would complete an inland navi- | at length discharges its waters into the
gation from its mouth to Galveston bay. | bay of Matagorda. It is a bold rapid ri-
The depth of water over the bar at the ver; its waters transparent and excellent.
mouth of the Brazos, varies from 6 to 10 The navigation of the Colorado to the
feet; it being at times increased by the ocean, is obstructed by a raft; and in addi-
foods of the river, and again lessened by a tion thereto, the bar at its mouth will pre-


GENIUS OF UNİVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
117
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
vent the entrance of vessels of burthen. || the adjoining prairies. The Spaniards at
These obstructions to the navigation of times make a business of catching them.
the river, can and will be removed, when- | Being prepared with a fleet horse, and
ever the population on its banks requires | with a strong rope having a noose on one
an outlet for its produce. To the rivers | end of it, they go into their range and
already named, may be added the Sabaca, | watch until the cattle come into the prai-
Guadaloupe, St. Marks, St. Antonio and ries to feed, which is usually in the morn-
Nuesis, besides a thousand creeks tributa- ing and evening. They then rush upon
ry to these which intersect the country in them, and seldom fail in running from 300
every direction. All the rivers and creeks to 800 yards to throw the rope over the
in the province abound in fish. The cathorns of the particular animal to which
and the buffalo are the most numerous they give chase. These cattle are of the
species. The coast also affords an abun- Spanish breed, and remarkably large -
dant supply of red fish, sheepshead, trout, They are easily domesticated, after which
mullet, oysters, crabs, &c. Wild fowl in they become as useful and valuable as
the season, cover all the bays which put those which have been raised on our own
in from the ocean. In the interior of the farms. The Javelina (Peccari) is an ani-
country they are not numerous : there be-mal peculiar so far as I know to Spanish
ing neither Lakes nor Lagunes to which America. It attains to the size of a half
they can resort for food.
grown hog, which animal it greatly re-
Game is abundant in Texas. Black sembles in shape and general appearance.
bears are numerous in all the river and But it differs from the hog, and I believe
creek bottoms. Vast numbers of them from all other animals, in this circum-
are killed by the inhabitants for their oil, stance: it has on its back a cavity some-
which is superior to lard, and for their what resembling a navel, which name has
Alesh, which, cured as bacon, is not infe- || indeed been applied to it. Out of this ca-
rior to the flesh of swine. Deer aboundvity exudes a species of wax highly of-
in all parts of the province. In the early fensive to the smell, which serves in some
settlement of this country by Americans, measure as a defence to the animal. The
venison was the principal food of the in-beasts of prey known in the province, are
habitants; and their clothing was made the panther, leopard, leopard cat, and
most entirely of dressed deer skins. Atwolf. The panther and wolf are well
this time, however, they are possessed of known in the United States of North Ame-
large herds of cattle and swine; spinning rica and need not a particular description
wheels and looms have been introduced, || The leopard has a close resemblance in
and a commercial intercourse with New- | shape to the domestic cat; in size it sur-
Orleans has been opened; so that the in- passes the largest Newfoundland dog, and
habitants of Texas are no longer depend- || is remarkably strong and active. The
ant on the chase, for their supplies, either ground color of its skin is a yellowish
of food or clothing. Buffalo (bison) roam white, beautifully spotted with black.--
in large herds over the northern and mid- | The description given of the leopard is
dle sections of the province. They do not equally applicable to the leopard cat, ex-
approach within 80 miles of the seacoast : | cept in this, the leopard cat does not excel
for the belt of country between their range in size the red fox of the United States.
and the ocean, contains a large popula The province of Texas has been too
tion of Americans; and it is well known little explored, to enable us to speak with
that this animal always retires on the ap- certainty, on the subject of its mineralogy.
proach of civilized man. The Buffalo is | It is however known that there are silver
well known to naturalists, and to them I mines in the mountains of the Colorado.
refer for a correct description of it. I will They are not at present wrought; and I
only observe, that it is more easily ap- am not informed whether or not they pro-
proached and killed than the common red mise to become valuable. Ores of cop-
deer. Its Alesh is somewhat darker than per and iron have also been found in the
that of our dornestic cattle: but in sweet-mountains ; but the country being with-
ness and delicacy of flavor it surpasses out inhabitants, these mines have conse-
that, or the flesh of any other animals.- quently been neglected.
I ought, perhaps, to enumerate amongst Every section of the country is abun-
the beasts of the chase, the wild cattle dantly supplied by nature with salt. The
which roam in immense herds in the bot-most important Salt-licks which have yet
toms of the Brazos and Colorado, and in || been discovered, are those on the Noches,


"118
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Celum.
the Brazos, the Navasota and Little Ri- || The Spanish population in Texas is con-
ver, both of which latter rivers are tribu- | fined almost exclusively to the village of
tary to the Brazos.
Nacogdoches, St. Antonio, and La Bahia.
The population of Texas consists of These are all inconsiderable towns; the
three classes of inhabitants : Indians, | largest of them (St. Antonio,) not con-
Spaniards, and Americans. The princi- taining a population of more than 2000
pal tribes of Indians are the Cherokees, souls. The mhabitants plant corn, wheat,
Comanches, Pawnees, Lipans and Tan- &c.; but their chief attention is given to
kaways. The Cherokees, to the number the raising of horses, mules, cattle and
of about 100 warriors, are located about sheep. They carry on a considerable
60 miles north of Nacogdoches. Like trade with the United States by the way
the parent tribe of that name in the Uni- of Nachitoches, taking into that country
ted States, they have made considerable money, horses and mules, and receiving
advances in civilization. The men are in return their supplies of European and
devoted to agricultural pursuits, and the American goods.
women to domestic occupations. This The North Americans resident in Tex-
tribe differs little indeed in dress, and mode | as, are settled on the whole route from
of life, from the frontier inhabitants of the Sabine to the Guadaloupe. We have no
United States. The Comanches are the data on which to found an estiinate of the
most numerous tribe in the province of American population in any part of the
Texas. They subsist entirely on the pro-province, except in the colony founded by
duce of the chase: and their clothing, Col. Austin. The limits of this colony
tents, &c. are made solely of the skins of extend east and west from the San Jacin-
deer and buffalo. This tribe is divided to to the Labaca, and north and south
into numerous bands, of from 50 to 500 from the ocean to the St. Antonio Road,
souls, who roam over that immense tract | including the extensive and fertile bottoms
of country, which stretches from the Sn. of the Brazos, St. Bernardo and Colorado.
Saba to Santa Fe, and from Red River to A census of the inhabitants within these
the Rio del Norte. But the strength of limits was completed some months since,
the Comanches is by no means commen- which gave an aggregate population of
surate with the vast extent of their ter more than 1800 inhabitants : and there
ritory. General Pike, if I mistake not, || can be no doubt that at this time* the
estimated the force of this tribe at 5000 || number of inhabitants exceed 2000.
warriors. His estimate, however, was
not founded on personal observation : and It is a received opinion with the inba-
from information derived from Spaniards | bitants of the northern climates, that coun-
and Americans, men of intelligence and tries situate within or near the tropics
close observation, who have long resided | must necessarily be unhealthy. Facts
amongst them, I am induced to believe, however prove that the comparative
that 2500 warriors is as great a force as health of countries does not depend so
the collected bands of the Comanches can much upon their relative latitudes as up-
muster. The Lipans and Tankaways | on other causes. Mexico and Quito are
range in the country between the Coman- | situated within the tropics: and yet no
ches and the Spanish, and American set- | cities in Europe are more exempt from
tlements. They do not pretend to culti- endemical diseases. In general it may
vate the earth, deriving their sole support || be remarked that all countries possessing
from the chase. These tribes united, num a high dry soil and a clear elastic atmos-
ber 4 or 500 warriors. The Pawnees are phere, must be healthy. This description
divided into three banıls : the Tahuiases, I applies to Texas. Its lands are rolling
living on Red river, (of Louisiana ;) the and dry, and its atmosphere remarkably
Wecos (Wacos,) whose principal village pure and elastic. There are no ponds,
is situated on the Brazos, about 200 or lakes, or swamps, which in the southern
250 miles in a direct line from its mouth; states of North America are a fruitful
and Tahuacános (Tiwakanies) who are source of pestilence. Another cause tend-
located on the head waters of the Nava- ing greatly to the healthfulness of this
sota, about 30 miles east of the Ueco country, is the prevalence of the trade
(Weco) village. The three bands of wind. The wind rises in the morning
Pawnees number about 400 warriors.-- || during the summer season, and continues
They raise at their village considerable to blow with little abatement throughout
quantities of corn, beans, pumpkins, &c.
* May, 1826.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
119
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
the day, and so strong is this breeze that settlements of Arkansas territory on the
travellers are often obliged to tie on their Red river, and also to New Mexico, Chi-
hats when riding through the prairies.huahua, New Leon, and the other Mexi-
These circumstances would necessarily can States lying to the west. The West
induce a belief that the climate of Texas Indies lie in front, and an immense extent
must be healthy: and the experience of of Mexican coast to the south—thus pre-
the inhabitants abundantly proves the senting channels of commerce in every di.
soundness of that opinion. The first set-rection. The climate of Texas is mild,
tlers of this country suffered beyond com- | salubrious and healthy. It lies between
parison more severely than those of any | lat. 28 and 34 degrees North, and is great-
section of the United States. They were ly favored by pleasant and refreshing sea-
destitute of wholesome food, and of the breezes during the summer months. The
thousand necessaries which in other coun- country is intersected by four rivers, that
tries minister to the health of the inhabit- | are navigable from one hundred to four
ants. If local causes of disease aid ex hundred miles, to wit: the Natches, the
ist in this country, they must under these Trinity, the Brazos, and the Colorado, be-
circumstances of the inhabitants, have sides a great number of smaller streams
exerted their greatest influence and with that afford good navigation a shorter dis-
the greatest effect. Yet the inhabitants | tance, and the great abundance of its
of Texas have continued to enjoy the creeks and living springs, taken in con-
greatest degree of good health. The nection with topographical characters,
subjects of the few diseases which have presents more extensive facilities for canal-
occurred have been almost without ex- | ling than can be found on an equal sur-
ception strangers."
face in any part of North America.
" Texas forms an immense inclined
Although the foregoing article is very plane, the apex of which is the highland
prolix, and may deter the casual reader | south of the Red River, where its princi-
hy its formidable length, yet we shall be summit the inclination is towards the
From this
pal rivers have their source.
excused, we trust, by those who feel de- southeast and surprisingly uniform. The
sirous to acquaint themselves fully with surface is beautifully undulating to within
the position and natural advantages of about on an average sixty miles of the
the country in question, for introducing coast, where it becomes level
, and some
the following extract from a more recent || particularly at the heads of Colorado and
parts of the northwestern section is hilly,
statement, made by a gentleman of intel- | Guadaloupe rivers, though the general
ligence and respectability, who had resid- || feature of an inclined plane is observable
ed there about four years. The article, throughout ; for the hills do not form lead-
from which this extract is taken, was
ing ridges so as to impede the flow of wa-
ter to the southeast, neither are the undu-
dated October 2, 1830.
lations greater than are necessary to ren-
“Texas embraces a very extensive ter- || der the country dry, healthy and beauti.
ritory, and a single glance at the map ful. The hills gradually lessen till they
will be sufficient to show the great advan- | lose themselves in the level strip that bor-
tages derivable from its local position in ders on the coast, which is from forty to
respect to soil and commercial facilities. I eighty miles wide.
It is bounded on two sides by the United
" The whole of this tract of country
States of America, and extends, as it (strange as it may appear in this latitude)
were like a peninsula, into that nation. is, without exception, free from marsh or
The intercourse between the two repub- lakes even down to the sea-beach.,
lics by water, along the coast,
is
easy
and " The soil on the rivulets and creeks is
safe, and three or four days' sail will take of the first quality of alluvial and heavily
you from the coast of Texas to the mouth timbered; between these, the country is
of the Mississippi, to Vera Cruz to the entirely prairie, though level and rich, and
South, or to the Havana. The land com- of dark complexion. The timbered bot-
munication between the two republics istom lands are from two to fifteen miles
equally easy, being open the whole ex- | wide, a small portion or strip of which is
tent of the Louisiana and Arkansas front- | subject to inundation in extreme high
iers, and susceptible of good roads leading freshets, but the floods are not frequent,
into Opelousas, Attakapas, and the upper | and owing to the comparative shortness


120
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
Texas pos-
of the streams soon subside. The undu- and some cypress and cedar, though the
lating country comprises oy far the great-two latter are not abundant, and live and
est portion of Texas. It is timbered and the other species of oak and North Ame.
prairie land, conveniently interspersed, || ican timber are sufficiently abundant in
and abounding in good springs, and creeks every part of the country except the south-
of pure water; and the same observation western section bordering on the Nuesis,
as to the water applies to the healthy which is thickly timbered.
country on the Colorado and Gaudaloupe.sesses three large and important bays, to
-The level region is evidently alluvial wit :-Galveston, Matagorda and Arran-
and of recent formation, and the undulat- saso. The Trinity and San Jacinto ri-
ing region presents numerous evidences of vers discharge into the first; the Colorado,
secondary formation.
Labaca, Gaudaloupe, and San Antonio
“The pasturage of Texas is also sur- rivers into the second, and the Nuesis into
prisingly abundant all over the whole the third. The two first of these bays
country, and good both summer and win- | has never less than twelve feet water over
ter, and every species of domestic anirnals the bar at the entrance at the lowest tide,
incident to the comfort and convenience of and the last has from eight to nine feet,
man, cultivated by North Americans, is the whole affording good anchorage and
more easily reared in Texas than else- | safe harbors. - The Brazos river, which is
where. There is also positive proof that the largest in the country (a singular phe-
Texas possesses many beds of good iron nomena indeed) discharges itself directly
and lead ore, and it is said that copper, sil- || into the Gulf, fifty miles west of the en-
ver and gold have been found in the hilly trance of Galveston, and from six to
region of the Colorado in small quantities, twelve feet over the bar, as both tide and
but no experiments in mining have as yet channel vary. The Sabine and Natchez
been made by the Colonists for two reasons; || rivers discharge into an oblong lake or
one is, that the supposed mines of the pre-bay into which there is an entrance of
cious metals are in the Indian territory, || eight feet water. Less than thirty miles
and another, the principal reason, is the canalling would connect all these bays
want of capital.
from the east to Arransaso to the west, and
“Nature seems to have formed Texas one mile canalling would connect the Bra-
for a great agricultural, manufacturing zos river with the western extremity of Gal
.
and commercial country. It combines investon bay by means of a deep tide-water."
an eminent degree all the elements neces-
sary for those different branches of indus ABOLITION OF SLAVERY IN VIRGINIA!
try. It possesses about 70,000 square
We have barely room to insert the following
miles of good sugar lands south of lat. 30, paragraph, from the Richmond Whig, relative to
and on the coast of the river Nuesis, || on the 14th inst. Two petitions had been pre-
certain proceedings in the Virginia Legislature,
which is the present western boundary of l-sented, by Mr. Roane, one from the Yearly Meet-
Texas. This river is about eighty miles ing of Friends, the other from citizens of Hanover
east of the Rio Grande or Bravo del Nor- These proceedings are IMPORTANT.-Ed. G.U.Ě.
County-recommending the Abolition of Slavery.
te. The northern and high parts of the “Mr. Goode moved to reject these petitions, up-
country are well adapted to the cultiva- | on which a discussion of much interest ensued
tion of wheat and small grain, and the Messrs. Roane, Moore, Brodnax, Chandler, Jones
streams afford great facilities for water
and Bolling, opposing the motion with much
warmth, and Messrs. Witcher, Goode, Carter of
works and irrigation. The whole country | P. W. and Sims, supporting it. The petition of
produces cotton of the first quality, ac the Friends was referred by a great majority:-
knowledged in New Orleans to be equal,|| This is an important step. The question of re-
and in Liverpool, to be superior to Red ri- || deration of the General Assembly: Circumstan-
ver and Louisiana cotton. The Tobacco ces have subdued the morbid sensitiveness which
and Indigo of Texas are also of superior lic opinion can now act out its wishes. Events
disallowed even public allusion to the topic. Pub-
quality, the latter of which is a spontane will demonstrate the groundlessness of apprehen-
ous growth of the country in the poorest sion from considering the question of abolition.-
parts—and in addition to these, the cli- The people of the Commonwealth will feel em-
mate and soil are congenial to the culture | boldened to express their wishes openly, and un-
of the olive, the vine, and other fruits and selves of an evil which all men confess to be the
reservedly, and the practicability of ridding our-
productions of a temperate southern lati-sorest which ever nation groaned under, will now
tude.
be tested. We do not know that yesterday will
"The country on the Sabine, Natchez, | ciated with the 4th of July, by the benefits which
not be celebrated by posterity, as a day to be asso-
and Trinity rivers, abounds in good pine, Il may How to Virginia from the step then taken.”


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
EDITED BY B. LUNDY-PUBLISHED IN WASHINGTON AND BALTIMORE-$1.00 PER ANN.
"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, and endowed by their Creator with certain
inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."--Declaration of Independence, U.S.
IRREGULARITY OF THE MAILS.
No. 8. Vol. II. THIRD SERIES.) JANUARY, 1832. (WHOLE NUMBER 272. VOL. XII.
Some of our contemporaries have suggested
It is believed that the proprietor of the Genius | various plans for employing or reducing the sur-
of Universal Emancipation has been as little plus here anticipated. The following paragraph,
troubled with complaints, respecting the miscar-|| from the New-York American, presents an in-
riage of the work by mail
, as any other publisher teresting view of the subject. Speaking of the
of a periodical in the United States. The papers || sell the public lands to the States in which they
proposition of the Secretary of the Treasury, to
are, uniformly, well put up and securely wrap-
ped, before they are sent to the post office; and
are respectively located, and distribute the pro-
unless some of those who have charge of the ceeds among the several States of the Union, the
editor observes :
mails are guilty of extreme negligence, or gross
mismanagement, they should arrive safely at the lands we would greatly prefer to that suggested
“There is an appropriation of these public
place of their destination. In a very few instan- || by Mr. McLane. It is that proposed by Mr. Ru-
ces, indeed, have we heard of irregularity in their fus King in the latest act of his Senatorial career.
transmission, within the last six or seven years:
Faithful to the last to those principles which, at
the outset of his political life, led him to mark his
but it seems that one case has occurred, that calls | desire for the extinction of slavery in this Repub-
for investigation and exposure.
lic, by urging successfully the adoption of that
There are two subscribers to the work in the clause in the ordinance for the government of the
Northwestern territory, which inhibited slavery
village of Geneva, New-York. For several | there, he submitted a resolution, that the proceeds
months, we learn, they received their numbers of the public lands, after the extinguishment of
regularly. But during the last half year none
the debt-should be applied to the purchase, with
came to hand! We know that those numbers owned, of slaves, and to their transportation out
the consent of the States wherein they might be
which thus did not reach their destination were of the United States. At that time the proposi-
as properly mailed as others that were duly re tion was, by Southern men, treated-incredible as
ceived at the offices to which they were directed. I already it appears-mad and monstrous as hereaf-
ter it will more strikingly appear
as a firebrand;
The cause of their miscarriage is, therefore, some and we of the free States, who suffer not from the
whạt mysterious. And we hereby request the curse and crime of slavery, but who, in zealous
postmaster at Geneva, to assist us in making friendship and affection for our less fortunate fel-
low-citizens of the slave States, were willing to
the necessary examination, in order to oblige those | give up all our share of a common treasure in order
who have business with his office, and also that to enable them at their own time and in their own
no imputation may be charged against himself, way—but mainly at our cost--to rid themselves
for acting in violation of his duty. Further we
without too great a sacrifice, of what constitutes
their weakness, their poverty and their shame, -
say not--at present.
we were treated as fanatics and incendiaries ! -
Yet this proposition would we gladly see renew.
ed; and the time having arrived when the debt is
From the Report of the Secretary of the Trea- | provided for, we vould say to the slave States,
take the whole proceeds of the public domain,
sury, it appears that, on the 2d of January next, | parcel it out in your own way, by your own com-
the whole debt of the United States will amount | missioners, among yourselves, on the sole condi-
to but twenty-four millions of dollars. With the tion that within a stipulated period-be it longer
or be it shorter, but irrevocably stipulated--slave-
facilities at command the government may extin-
ry shall no longer mar the symmetry nor contra-
guish this debt in the course of a few months; || dict the principles of our glorious Republic."
and it is more than probable that it will be done. So anxious are we for the extinction of that
A question hence arises: “What disposition" supreme curse,” the system of slavery, we hail
should be made of the surplus revenue, after that this proposition with pleasure. Should it be “ir-
period ?”
revocably stipulated,” that slavery must cease to
The revenue, for the year 1832, is estimated at | exist within a given period, not too far distant,
$30,100,000—the expenditures for the same year, || the slaves might with propriety be purchased, for
it is supposed, will not much exceed $13,365,202, the express purpose of emancipation : but without
for all objects exclusive of the public debt. Thus, I such positive stipulation, the measure would have
it will be perceived that when this debt shall be the ultimate effect of increasing the foreign slave
liquidated, a considerable reduction must be made | trade, to an indefinite extent. It is believed that
in the annual revenue, or a large sum will accu the vacuum created in the colored population of
mulate in the treasury, if no new appropriation the U. S. by African colonization, is now more
be made.
than filled by the clandestine introduction of
THE SURPLUS REVENUE.


122
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
slaves from Africa, via Cuba, &c. We recollect || timent among them, on this subject, slaveholders
meeting, some time since, with the following para- || should treat each other more civilly.–At least,
graph from the New-York Whig. If the sole ob- || they should be cautious how they use such ex-
ject had been to encourage the breeding of slaves in | pressions as to furnish those “madmen,” the phi-
the northern and western slave states, and the ex- || lanthropists, with additional reasons for doubting
tension of the African slave trade, the project || their honesty.
were the best that could have been devised! O His excellency adverts to the inutility of mea-
that our statesmen and moral reformers would sures heretofore adopted for preventing the intro-
take the pains to think and reflect a little! We|| duction of slaves, accused of crimes, into that
repeat, let the government pay any reasonable State.* He observes: “The total prohibition of
sum (in the way of compromise) for the slaves, introducing slaves into this State, during a cer-
upon the express condilion that ALL shall CER. tain number of years, [it should be indefinitely,
TAINLY be emancipated in due time ;-but never
as the cause of the evil will continue to operate
sanction the principle that man can be rightfully | while slavery exists,) appears alone, to me, to be
considered the property of man, by the purchase the only method of avoiding the danger with
of a single one, without this ‘IRREVOCABLE || which we are threatened.”|
STIPULATION.'
But it appears that the members of the Legisla-
“Our Statesmen are in just apprehension of ture were not prepared to go the length of this
the danger of an overwhelming treasury. The recommendation. They passed an act, prohibit-
tariff will be moderated to meet the exigency with
all possible despatch; but then the prosperity of ing the introduction of slaves into that state, ex-
our commerce is so great, that with a small levy | cept by persons emigrating thereto for the purpose of
upon those commodities, which our independence residence, and by citizens for their own use and ser-
as a nation requires us to fabricate, our revenues
will exceed our expenditures in a few
short years
. vice, provided that in the latter case they shall not
In the mean time, thinking what we shall do with be procured from the States of Mississippi or
the overplus, let us consider the propriety and | Alabama, or from the Territories of Florida and
utility of laying it out for buying at the market | Arkansas, and provided also that in neither case
price, of such as are willing to sell, their bond
servants, and colonizing them in Africa. If the shall they be sold, mortgaged, or loaned, for five
whole people will agree to it, we see no objection years after their introduction. (Yet they may
to the plan: and being of those who in this mat- | purchase any they please in Tennessee, or Ken-
ger' will pay money, and receive none, we begin tucky, a few hours' excursion, in a steam-boat, up
by proposing it for consideration."
the Mississippi River.] All slaves, introduced
contrary to these provisions, are to be made free
The governor of Louisiana, it appears, became and removed from the State. The penalty for a
80 much alarmed at certain measures lately adopt- | violation of this clause (when it can be proven !) is
ed in Virginia, for the banishment of some of the $500 to $1,000 for each slave, with costs of prose-
slaves suspected of being concerned in the South-cution, and imprisonment until paid. The penal-
ampton insurrection, that he called an extra meet- | ty for removing beyond the limits of the State any
ing of the Legislature, principally with the view * And well he may begin to see their inutility.
of preventing their introduction into that State. He | It is stated that from the 16th to the 22d of Oct.
complains bitterly of this act of Virginia, in his 513 Slaves were imported into New-Orleans; and
message, and
says she “condemns her slaves who it was feared 12 or 15,000 would be imported be-
fore the Legislature could interfere.
have assisted in scenes of pillage and murder, to † General Dupre, in some remarks upon thys
go, without the possibility of their being recogniz- | subject, addressed to the Legislature of that State
ed, and to carry into neighboring States the con a year or two since, goes further and observes :
tagion of their crimes.” This is, indeed, quite as
“ It seems to me that one great and important step
to the attainment of so desirable an object, would
bad as the circulating of“ incendiary publications” | be the entire prohibition of the further introduc-
among our slaveholding brethren; and every Vir- || tion of slaves into this state. By partial returns
ginian, so offending, should be prosecuted for a
of the census now taken by the officers of the
United States, we are enabled to ascertain the vast
misdemeanor (a “libel,” or something) and de- disparity in numbers between the white and black
manded from the Executive, to be tried and pu- population, a disparity too great to be viewed
nished by the laws of Louisiana! But governor | with indifference or inattention by those who are
Roman should recollect that the authorities in security of the public. The annual supply is
intrusted with the preservation of the peace and
Virginia have adopted this plan in order to avoid | gradually pouring in, and scarce a ship ar-
the sacrifice of“ PROPERTY.” It would cost them rives from the slave-holding states that does not
too much, to hang, or send to the penitentiary, || crime, to be disgorged upon our shore and incor-
come freighted with a living cargo of vice and
every slave they now wish to get out of the State. porated into our domestic establishments. If this
Like the good “republicans” of Louisiana, they continual and growing evil be not a fair and pro-
wish to hold on to their human“ property,” body have formed a very erroneous opinion of what
per ground for legislative interference, then I
and soul, while life shall last, or they get the value would contribute to the security or the best inte
thereof, There being so much congeniality of sen rest of the state,"
LOUISIANA.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
123
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
slave, thus freed, is a fine of $1,000, and five years' || before any court of competent jurisdiction, be im-
imprisonment at hard labor. All slaves brought | prisoned not less than one month nor more than
twelve months.”
for sale, and remaining unsold at the time of the
passage of this act, are to be immediately remov-
MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES,
ed from the State, under a penalty of $20 per day,
(Concluded from page 103.)
for each slave not thus removed.* Those now on
their way to that market, must be removed in five | tion, in this country, to obtain the territory al-
So much evidence was exhibited of a disposi-
days after their arrival.
luded to, not only by treaty, but also by inciting
We truly rejoice to perceive that the evils con the emigrants from these states to revolt, (when
nected with the slave system have thus been so a pretext would have been found to take
posses-
far discovered, as to induce the legislators of Lou- sion, in the expected inability of the Mexican go-
isiana to do something to check their extension.- || vernment to quiet the tumult,) that a law was
But we feel assured that every measure, yet || passed by the Mexican Congress, on the 6th of
adopted, will prove insufficient to accomplish the April, 1830, prohibiting our citizens from settling
object they have in view. It is merely like ad- || there in future.* Several grants of land, made
ministering anodynes to a patient, whose disease | by the local authorities and not yet confirmed by
is of a malignant and dangerous character. It | the general government, were thus annulled; and
is much to be regretted that statesmen are so much disappointment was felt by many who had
short sighted as to be insensible of the fact, that
even entered into speculations with honest views.
while the market for slaves exist, they will be in-The measure was susceptible of the clearest jus-
troduced, in spite of all the laws prohibiting it that tification, however, upon the popular principle of
can be enacted. In short, nothing but the ABOLI- || self-preservation. The following is an extract from
TION OF SLAVERY will put an end to the slave
the law, aforesaid, which particularly alludes to
traffic, FOREIGN OR DOMESTIC.
the prohibition :-
Wesubjoin the following extract from a law of “ Article 11.-In virtue of the authority which
Louisiana, now in force, relative to free colored | has been reserved by the general congress to itself
,
persons and slaves. Awful, indeed, must be the || by art. 7th of the law of the 18th of August, 1824,
all foreigners, whose country is bounded on said
prospects of a people who are wont to adopt mea-
state and territory of the federation, (i. e. the state
sures of such extreme severity-measures so in- of Cuahuila and Texas, and the territory of New
compatible with their republican and christian | Mexico,) shall be prohibited from settling within
the said state and territory, in consequence of
professions! The desires and exertions of all
which all the contracts that have not taken effect,
good men should be directed to the spread of that and are opposed to this law, shall be suspended.”
light among them, by which they may see that a Thus, it will be perceived that inordinate ava-
different course of proceeding would redound more rice and despotic ambition overleaped the bounds
to their permanent peace and safety.
of prudence, and completely foiled its own inten-
Be it enacted, etc. “That whoever shall write, tions, in this instance. The subject was one of
print, publish, or distribute any thing having a such momentous import—the object in view was
tendency to produce discontent among the free
so intrinsically valuable—that the pursuers were
colored population of the state, or insubordination
among the slaves therein, shall on conviction there- blinded by the splendor of its dazzling glare,-
of before any, court of competent jurisdiction, be and, contemning the counsels of both moderation
mentenced to imprisonment at hard labor for life or
and justice, they dared the precipice, from which
suffer death, at the discretion of the court.
“Sec. 2d. That whosoever shall make use of they fell to rise no more! Though the Mexican
language, in any public discourse, from the bar, government is desirous to encourage the emigra-
the bench, the pulpit, or in any other place what- tion and settlement of all other industrious and
soever, shall make
use of language in private dis- || worthy persons there, the white citizens of this
courses, or shall make use of signs or actions, hav-
ing a tendency to produce discontent among the republicare now denied the privileges once offered
free colored population of this state, or to excite them, and viewed more in the light of enemies
insubordination, or whoever knowingly be instru- | than friends. To give some idea of the antipathy
mental in bringing into this state, any paper, pam-
phlet or book, having such a tendency as afore * This disposition prevailed so generally
said, shall on conviction thereof, before any court throughout the slave states, in 1830, that the elec-
of competent jurisdiction, suffer imprisonment at tors of one district in Mississippi put the follow-
hard labor, not less than three years nor more ing, among other interrogatories, to their candi-
than twenty-one years, or death, at the discretion dates for Congress: -
of the court.
“Your opinion of the acquisition of Texas, and
“Sec. 3d. That all persons who shall teach, or how-whether by force or treaty-and whether
permit or cause to be taught, any slave in this the law preventing the emigration of Americans,
state to read or write, shall on conviction thereof is not evidence of apprehension that that province
wishes to secede from the Mexican government-
* It is stated that, at the date of our last ac and whether, if requested, we ought to give the
counts, 1000 slaves were on hand, unsold, in the seceder military assistance and what would be
city of New Orleans. We hope our slave trading the effect of the acquisition of Texas upon the
gentry will realize some disappointinents now. 1 planting interest of the southwest.”


124
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
which then prevailed against us, and no doubt the Floridas, leaving the question to be decided
still exists among them, we insert an extract from afterwards as to the legality of the possession,
which force alone could take from them.
a paper laid before the Mexican Congress, in se-
“It has been said further, that when the Uni-
cret session, by Don Lucas Alaman, the present ||ted States of the North have succeeded in giving
Secretary of State, a short time previous to the the predominance to the colonists introduced into
the countries they had in view, they set up rights,
enactment of the law above mentioned. This and bring forward pretensions founded upon dis-
extract is merely an elus neration of grievances || puted historical facts, availing themselves gene-
a sort of text-book, upon which their subsequent || rally, for the purpose, of some critical conjuncture
to which they suppose that the attention of Go-
legislation was an ample commentary. The whole
vernment must be directed. This policy, which
paper is ably drawn up. The author calls upon has produced good results to them, they have
the nation to assume a firm attitude, and assures commenced carrying into effect with respect to
the representatives that the executive will sustain Texas. The public prints in those states, in-
them in the measures thus recommended, both in the influence of their government, are engaged in
cluding those which are more immediately under
diplomatic discussions and with military force; || discussing the right they imagine they have to the
the honor of the republic and the integrity of its
country as far as the Rio Bravo. Handbills are
printed on the same subject, and thrown into ge-
territory being threatened. We, have only room
neral circulation, whose object is to persuade and
for the following: -
convince the people of the utility and expediency
"The Americans commence by, introducing | said that Providence had marked out Rio Bravo as
of the meditated project. Some of them have
themselves into the territory which they covet on
pretence of commercial negotiations, or of the
the natural boundary of those states, which has in-
establishment of colonies, with or without the
duced an English writer to reproach them with
assent of the Government to which it belongs. -- their usurpations : but what is most remarkable,
an attempt to make Providence the author of
These colonies grow, multiply, become the pre- || is, that they have commenced that discussion pre-
dominant party in the population ; and as soon
as a support is found in this manner, they begin cisely at the same time they saw us engaged in
to set up rights which it is impossible to sustain repelling the Spanish invasion, believing that our
in a serious discussion, and to bring forward attention would, for a long time, be thereby with-
ridiculous pretensions, founded upon historical | drawn from other things. The government be-
facts which are admitted by nobody, such as
sides is informed, from a source worthy of con-
Lasalle's Voyages, now known to be a falsehood, | taken up at Washington—that if the President
fidence, that the subject of Texas is going to be
but which serves as a support, at this time, for has omitted to mention it in his Message, it was
their claim to Texas. These extravagant opinions in order that it might originate in Congress under
are, for the first time, presented to the world by
unknown writers; and the labor which is em-
a more popular aspect; and that with the same
ployed by others in offering proofs and reason-
view, a 50 gun frigate, the Brandywine, will soon
ings, is spent by them in repetitions and multi-
sail for our coast, with a few others, to be fitted
plied allegation, for the purpose of drawing the
out by the Cabinet of Washington.”
attention of their fellow-citizens, not upon the About the period that this excitement was raised
justice of the proposition, but upon the advanta- | in Mexico, it would seem the unprincipled ambi-
ges and interests to be obtained or subverted by tion of the party in the U.S. headed by the notori-
their admission.
“ Their machinations in the country they wish ous T. H. Benton, (a second Burr, in his views of
to acquire, are then brought to light by the ap- | personal aggrandizement,) attracted the attention
pearance of explorers, some of whom settle on
the soil, alleging that their presence does not af-
and severe animadversion of the British public. A
fect the question of the right of vereignty or debate incidentally occurred in the H. of Com-
possession to the land. These pioneers excite, by mons, in which the celebrated Mr. Huskisson took
degrees, movements which disturb the political
a leading part, that manifested the liveliest intery.
state of the country in dispute; and then follow
discontents and dissatisfaction calculated to fa- in the welfare, the integrity, and the independence
tigue the patience of the legitimate owner, and to of the Mexican Republic. We have not room for
diminish the usefulness of the administration and any of the speeches delivered upon this occasion;
of the exercise of authority. When things have but we copy the following allusion to the discus-
come to this pass, which is precisely the present
state of things in Texas, the diplomatic manage- sion, from the London “ Times," with the remarks
ment commences. The inquietude they have of the editor of that Journal. From these remarks
excited in the territory in dispute, the interests of which, we must consider, are in strict accordance
the colonists therein established, the insurrection
of adventurers and savages instigated by them, with the tone of public sentiment in Great Britain,
and the pertinacity with which the opinion is set it would appear a rather hazardous enterprise, for
up as to their right of possession, become the sub-
jects of notes full of expressions of justice and
our slavites, to attempt the acquisition of Texas
moderation, until, with the aid of other incidents per force; -and there are many, among our color-
which are never wanting in the course of diplo- | ed neighbours, who are a full match for Col. Ben-
matic relations, the desired end is attained of con ton and his coadjutors, in diplomacy. The grand
cluding an arrangement, onerous for one party as
it is advantageous to the other. Sometimes more
project was, therefore, suffered to rest at least
direct means are resorted to, and taking the ad- for a time.
vantage of the enfeebled state or domestic difficul “Mr. Huskisson, in presenting the Liverpool
ties of the possessor of the soil, they proceed upon petition on the subject of our relations with Spain
the most extraordinary pretexts to make them and Mexico, in the course of last night, urged with
selves master of the country, as was the case in II great force the propriety of preventing Spain from


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION,
125
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
making further attacks from the side of Cuba, on gain their object. But the disturbance was soon
the now liberated Republic of Mexico.
quelled.”
There was a further subject, and one of extreme
importance, discussed by Mr. Huskisson in the
Another letter from Rio, dated Oct. 9th, states
course of his speech-we mean the general pre-
as follows:-
valence of an opinion that the United States co-
“There is a wonderful excitement in town,
vet a fine province of Mexico, called Texas, and owing to a discovery of deposites of arms; and
are disposed to have recourse to violence, if ne-
information being given to the authorities of a
cessary, for the purpose of getting it into their desperate attempt being contemplated by the mu-
hands. The province of Texas extends south-| lattoes to overthrow the government.”
wards from the United States along the coast of The “General Assembly" of Brazil are endea-
Mexico, and as such, the seizure of it by the for- | voring to remodel their form of government-
mer power could not be a matter of perfect indif-
ference to Great Britain. The possession of the They had, at the last dates, a proposition under
Floridas by the United States has long since given consideration to call it a “Federative Monarchy,"
rational cause of uneasiness to England, from re- || and give it limited powers. But this will not be
gard to the safety of our West India Islands ; | sufficient. They must proceed with the SPIRIT
and we agree with Mr. Huskisson, that when the
Government of Washington intimated its repug-
OF THE AGE-establish a Republic, and abolish
nance to seeing Cuba transferred from the feeble | Slavery. Nothing else will do.
Ferdinand to the vigorous grasp of George IV.,
the United States should have been informed, that It will be perceived, by the interesting article
if Cuba were to continue permanently Spanish, | which follows, that the citizens of Virginia are at
so Texas, and in general the whole shore along | length beginning to awake to a true sense of their
the Gulf, should enure to the Mexican republic.
The references made by the Right Hon. Gen- situation as it regards the moral blight to which
tleman to communications, official as well as pri- || their state is subjected, through the accursed sys.
vate, from the late Mr. Jefferson, descriptive of tem of Negro Slavery—and are becoming feel-
the eager and deep rooted longings of the Ameri-
can statesmen for slices of Mexico, and above all ingly alive to the great necessity there is that some
things, for the island of Cuba, will not, we are efficient mean of getting rid of the evil with which
sure, be lost upon the memory of His Majesty's they are afflicted should be immediately devised.
Government in its future transactions with the
Spanish Cabinet, with that of Mexico, and of the We trust the enlightened and philanthropic inha-
United States. With Spain we have a defensive bitants of that commonwealth will leave no effort
alliance, ready made and consolidated by the unassayed to accomplish the object for which they
most obvious interest, to prevent Cuba from fall-
ing a prey to the systematic agrandizement of the have set out. Humanity, as well as the interests
United States. With Mexico, again, we are
of the people, imperiously requires that the busi-
equally identified in resistance to the attempts of ness of emancipation should not now be suffered to
the same States upon Texas. With the United rest a moment. We copy from the N. Y. Whig.
States themselves we have no relation but that of
commercial intercourse so long as they will suffer
Loudon COUNTY, VIRGINIA. Nothing foreign
it, and of forbearance on other points so long as
or domestic has lately fallen under our notice,
our patience may not be too severely provoked."
more deeply interesting to the hopes we form of
our country's glory, than the meeting at Lees-
burg, Loudon Co., Va., 17th December, respecting
BRAZIL
-“GOING, GOING!"
the coloured population. The Mayor presided in
The United States will be the last foothold of the meeting; the most influential citizens took
the “accursed system,” on the American Conti- | part in it. Their resolutions offer sympathy to
the Southampton County mourners, and delivere
nent. The remnant of Portuguese power is fast ance from the dangerous cause of their mourning,
waning in Brazil,--and that fine country will | by the gradual emancipation and removal of the
soon be on a footing with the rest of the Southern colored mass. We quote the 4th resolution.
“4th. Resolved, As the opinion of this meet-
American Republics, “FREE AND INDEPENDENT” | ing, that a gradual emancipation and removal of
-not merely by name, as our boastful, hypocriti- || the Slaves of the commonwealth is practicable;
cal, and tyrannical government is--but, CONSIST and that, upon this assumption, the continuation
of slavery is forbidden by the true policy of Vir-
ginia, repugnant to her political theory and chris-
We give the following items of intelligence, tian professions, and an opprobrium to our ancient
without further comment. The reader will per-
and renowned dominion."
ceive that the heavings of the great moral and po- sembly of Virginia, which takes three things for
They adopted a memorial to the General As-
litical volcano have excited a little consternation proved :
among those who had nothing to do but make mo-
1. That the labour of slaves, in a community
ney and live easy upon the sweat, and tears, and
like ours, is the most expensive that can be used.
2. Slavery tends to lay waste the region in
blood, of their fellow men and women.
which it subsists.
A letter from an officer, on board the Potomac, 3. It fills with inquietude the bosoms of those
in the harbor of Rio Janeiro, to a gentleman in N.
who employ it.
We quote from the memorial.
York, dated Oct. 23d, says: “ You may have “ Is not all this literally and mournfully true ?
heard of the insurrection of the blacks here, on A sense of the common interest, a love of peace,
the island Cobras; there is no doubt it was their the sentiment of security for all that is dear to the
heart of social man, combine to adjure Virginians
intention to take possession of Rio. They fired
to make a great exertion, a becoming sacrifice, to
upon it, and under cover of the smoke hoped to deliver their soil from an evil, serious now, terri-
ENTLY SO.


126
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
THE PETERSBURG OUTRAGE.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
ble in prospect. It is most clear, then, that the Resolved, As an inducement to emigrate, Each
safety of individuals calls aloud for energetic but emigrant shall be provided, at the public expense,
prudent measures, having for their objects the ul- || with agricultural and planting implements, cloth-
timate extinction of involuntary servitude, and ing, and other necessary articles, not exceeding in
the removal of the race which is irreconcilably || value dollars.
antagonist to ours."
"To complain of public evils, which are reme-
diable, is the part of children; to remove them, that
of men:" and they pledge themselves to a cordial We have had an article on hand, for more than
co-operation in this great work.
two months, relating to the outrageous treatment
This generous spirit is further discovered in the of H. D. Robinson, at Petersburg, Virginia. Its
correspondent of the Richmond Whig, 2d Jan.,
under the signature of A Political Economist, Be- l great length has induced us to postpone a general
lieving his friends to be irreconcilably opposed to notice of it, though it was briefly adverted to in
disbursing the surplus revenue of the U. S. for
a previous number of this work. We had de-
this purpose, he proposes to the state to buy its
resident slaves, as fast as they attain the age of termined to take copious extracts from it; but,
sixteen, at an average price of $200. The ne our limits are so narrow that we are compelled to
cessary means are to be procured by creating a condenise it as much as possible.
stock. To pay the interest and principal of this
Robinson, we understand, is an Englishman.-
stock, the writer proposes to hire out the slaves at
the rate of thirty-five dollars each per annum. He was engaged in vending books, pamphlets,
At this moderate price, their attendance in sick- || &c. when the Southampton insurrection occurred.
ness, and daily support, will be required in the Upon the spreading of an alarming story that
bargain ; and in ten years, that is when the slaves
arc i wenty-six years old, they will have repaid 500 armed blacks were on the road towards Pe-
the state their purchase money, and the annual tersburg, about 11 o'clock at night, he marched,
interest upon it, besides a surplus sufficient to with others, to guard a bridge at the edge of the
pay their passage to Africa, and more.
But could the State hire them out, so many,
town. After the panic had subsided, he took oc-
at this price? The correspondent of the Rich- | casion to remark, in the presence of some rank
mond Wnig says: “By embarking in a System || slavites and others, that “the blacks, as men,
of Internal Improvement, upon a large scale,
were entitled to their freedom, and ought to be
which Virginia must do, or sink into insignificance,
she can in a great degree, control the price of this emancipated.” This roused the angry tyrannical
species of labor.” This is better and better. In feelings of some who heard it; and the next
twenty years, were the proposed course adopted, morning, about 6 o'clock, he was informed that a
the surviving slaves of Virginia would not num-
ber 50,000. Speed the work,
number of persons had determined to mob him,
“ To complain of
evils that are remediable, is the part of children ; || for the expression of his opinions. He was ad-
to remove them, that of men,”
vised to leave town immediately, as it was thought
The following Resolutions have been submitted his life was in danger. He made arrangements,
for consideration in the Virginia Legislature. | accordingly, and engaged his passage, in the
We have not yet learned their fate.
stage, to Richmond. Before the stage had pro-
ceeded beyond the limits of the town, a party of
Resolved, That it is expedient, as early as pos- | 15 or 20 men assembled and stationed themselves
sible, with their assent, to remove the Free Ne-
groes and Mulattoes, from this Commonwealth. in the road, to intercept him on the way. Hav-
Resolved, That the Colony now established at | ing received some intimation of their intentions,
Liberia, on the coast of Africa, presents the most he left the stage, and went to the house of a friend.
desirable Territory to which the said Free Ne- | where he was admitted, and the doors were lock-
groes and Mulattoes shall be transported.
Resolved, That this State will annually ap- || ed. A mob soon collected in the street, and de-
propriate the sum of $100,000 towards defraying manded entrance. On being refused, they forced
the costs of transportation of said Free Negroes the doors, and dragged him from an upper room,
and Mulattoes to the coast of Africa; which sum
shall be raised by a tax upon land, slaves, and
where he had retired and armed himself, though
other property now declared taxable by law. upon reflection, he made no resistance. The civil
Resolved, That it is expedient to constitute a
Board, which shall have authority to draw for
authorities were applied to, for protection, but re-
such sums as may be necessary for the purposes fused to interfere! Being now completely in the
aforesaid; whose duty it shall be to select from hands of the mob, they first led him towards
among such as may present themselves as candi- | the bridge, at the extremity of the town, then
dates for emigration, under the limitations here-
after mentioned, and to do all other acts and things
to a wood, where they stripped off his clothing and
properly appertaining to such Board.
most savagely WHIPPED HIM, until their fiend-
Resolved, That for the purposes herein con like rage was satiated !!! It was then proposed
templated, the State of Virginia shall be laid off
in sections, corresponding with the divisions es-
to tar and feather him; but some of them thought
tablished by the constitution of the Common- they had sufficiently wreaked their vengeance up-
wealth ;-that is to say
and it on hịm, and interceded for his release from fur-
shall be made the duty of the said Board to make ther punishment. He was then permitted to de-
a fair and equal annual appropriation of the fund
before mentioned, for the relief of the several di- || part, and ordered to take the road to Richmond.
visions of the State, according to the number of The heroes of mobocracy drew a line across the
Free Negroes and Mulattoes in each.
road with a stick, and told him that if ever he


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
127
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
7
3
.
should dare to cross that mark, “it would fare him! They then poured oil on his head, and set
worser" with him.
fire to it!! They next carried him on a rail to the
Having now got rid of his ferocious assailants, him to a post near Darraugh and Simms' Tavern,
river and ducked him !! And then returned with
he travelled on as well as he could, and arrived at
and whipped him!! They are now preparing your
Richmond in the evening. The hot sun, poured | effigy, with the determination to burn it.
down its fervid rays upon his lacerated back, and “I blush for my native state, to think that such
his boots blistered his feet, insomuch that he suf a spirit of opposition and bitterness should per-
fered greatly on the way. From Richmond, he || northern men who reside among us, are more vi-
vade our community ; but can truly say that
took passage in a vessel, bound for New-York, | olent against the Liberator, than our native Geor-
which place he reached in a few days, still severe- || gians.”
ly afflicted in consequence of his savage maltreat-
ment.
FLOGGING FEMALE SLAVES.
The intelligent philanthropic reader will make
his own comments upon this instance of lawless
This is a "delicate” topic! The editor of the
Genius of Universal Emancipation once found
outrage. These are the sort of beings to whose
cruel • tender mercies” thousands of defenceless something about it! Two braggadacios came,
himself in a dilemma” for having published
Africans—and Americans—are unconditionally
eommitted !* May every patriot rouse--may had been said and done. They requested an au-
more than thirty miles, to bid him retract in what
every friend of humanity rouse—may every pro- || dience in a private room.
fessor of the christian religion rouse-may every
Not knowing either the
men or their errand, it was granted. One of them,
virtuous human being, without distinction of
who considered himself aggrieved, drew weapons,
name, sex, or age, AROUSE from their slumber
of apathy, and put an end to that barbarous, soul stormed and swore:-and, when the fit was over,
sneaked out of town, with more haste than he came
corrupting SYSTEM, whose fruits are so destruc-
in!
tive to the morals and virtue of those who par-
A perusal of the following, revived the remem-
take of them.
brance of the above mentioned circumstance.
The substance of the story is from the New York
ANOTHER ABOMINABLE ASSAULT !!
Spectator.
The following extract of a letter to the editor
By the brig Eliza and Abby, Jamaica papers
of the Boston Liberator, from a gentleman in
have been received to the 30th Nov. inclusive.
Macon, Georgia, shows something of the temper || A debate took place in the House of Assembly
prevailing in that section of country. The wri-
ter is correct in his opinion of the corruption of | of female slaves, which led to severe personal re-
on the 22d, on a proposition to abolish the flogging
apostate yankee republicans. Among the most
marks between Mr. Berry and Mr. Beaumont.-
virulent advocates of slavery in Missouri, during A duel ensued. Mr. Beaumont twice received his
the great contest of 1819—'20, there were, to our antagonists fire without returning it ; upon which
knowledge, a goodly number of the bastard sons of they separated.
New-England. Many of them set out, in early
life, and roam the world, with the sole view of
“making fortunes.” Money is their object, and
money is their God.—And not a few of them
It is said that the question of dividing the State of
would just as soon excoriate the back of a trem- | Virginia into two separate Commonwealths, has
bling slave, or sell a free man or woman, as to mea- || lately been revived in the Lexington Intelligencer,
sure off a yard of tape, or puff a lighted cigar! and other papers. We presume that the inhabit-
ants of Western Virginia will never rest until
“ Macon, (Geo.) Nov. 16th, 1831.
“Dear Sir-I regret to inform you, that our they free themselves from the misrule of Negro
mutual friend, Mr. John Lamb, got into a diffi- || Barons, and cleanse their skirts of the crimson
culty last evening, in consequence of receiving stain of African Slavery. Late events have, no
your laudable paper. mob of unprincipled
vagabonds assembled around his house, and vio- || doubt, presented to their minds this horrible evil,
lently took him out, and tarred and 'feathered in its most glaring colors; and that section of the
State contains men of the brightest talents-dis-
* But few of the scoundrels concerned in this
abominable transaction, were known to the gen-
ciples of Washington and Jefferson-hosts in
tleman thus wantonly abused; but among them themselves—warm advocates of Freedom, and
he recognized the following, whose names, he enlightened politicians. It is ardently to be hoped
wishes recorded, that they may be handed down
that this contemplated project may speedily suc-
to posterity, as the infamous violators of law and
justice. They are : Joseph Mason, David Cross, ceed, if measures for the abolition of slavery, now
Doctor Cox, Thomas Cogvill, Gibbon, in contemplation, fail. We shall then have, at
Gallaghar, Thomas Stroud. The last is said to be least, another bright star in the galaxy of Free
a pious professor of religion !-yet he was very ac-
tive in urging on the rest,-saying to the villain States, on this portion of the North American
wielding the whip, “lay it well on him !"
Continent.
1
DIVISION OF VIRGINIA.
78


128
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
WEST INDIAN EMANCIPATION. they adoptad any decisive measures, would have
some communications with those who possessed
By a recent arrival from Jamaica, at New- the best means of information on the subject, and
York, advices were received, relative to the pro- | those who had the deepest interests in the wel-
ceedings on the subject of the abolition of slavery. || fare of the colonies.
Mr. Hume said, that the Noble Lord had made
The “Slave Law” was to go into effect on the
a statement, the substance of which he had him-
1st of November. The Jamaica Courant con self put to the house about ten years ago; name-
cludes an article on the subject with the followingly, that those slaves when emancipated, would
provide for themselves. He was glad that go-
remark:-
vernment were at last convinced of this fact, and
“ If the Slave Law, as far as it is applicable to he hoped that they would act upon their own
the present state of our peasantry, is really defec- knowledge. He offered them his best thanks for
tive, let it be immediately amended; but let the what they had done, and he hoped they would
government of the Mother Country know that to
persevere in the same course they had adopted.
this extent shall we go and no further, as some
limit ought to be fixed to the demands made upon
us, or at all events, until the question of compen-
REPUBLIC OF HAYTI.
sation is finally settled :—this once fixed, the colo The New-York Standard, of a recent date,
nists will be eager and willing to grant every
im-
munity to those who are the objects of such mock noticing the intelligence brought by an arrival
philanthropy and consideration.”
from Hayti, says:-
So ! after all their blustering, the petty tyrants
“We learn with pleasure that the measures
of Jamaica are willing to agree to the demands adopted by the French Consul, commissioned to
settle the affairs of Hayti and France, have not
of Government, and emancipate their slaves, pro- | been approved by his government, and that the
vided--they shall be PAID FOR THEM! Here is a pecuniary indemnity required from Hayti is ad-
wonderful “ backing out.” How long is it since mitted to have been too great for their resources.”
What will the enemies of the Haytiens do
they absolutely refused to permit the government
now? No war yet with the French! Sad, sad
to interfere at all ? What has become of the
threat to transfer their allegiance to the U.S. in would say, better let them “ Free Negroes” have
news, this! “I guess,” as “brother Jonathan"
case they were not left in the unmolested enjoy- || their own way. They'll." drive through Crea-
ment of their slave “property?" Here we have
another evidence of the certainty of success, in tion, without hittin'both sides” oftener than other
folks!
case of perseverance in a righteous cause.
Some of the owners of sugar estates, we learn,
An interesting debate occurred in the British
are making considerable improvements; and the
House of Commons, on the 17th of August, re-
culture of the cane will, no doubt, soon be greatly
specting the recent emancipation of the “
extended in that fine island. We saw the follow-
slaves,” in the colonies of that empire. The fol-
ing notice in a newspapersome months since. The
lowing is all we have room for now.
experiment must have been highly interesting.
HOUSE OF COMMONS, Aug. 17. “General Lerebours (probably Gen. Labau,)
Mr. Burge wished to know whether the govern- | has introduced on his plantation of Chateaublond,
ment had taken pains to obtain full information in the plain of Cul de Sac, a steam mill for sugar
on the subject before they sent out the order to
emancipate the crown slaves; and whether they
canes, put up under the direction of Mr. McKellar,
a mechanical engineer. Its operation was tested
had adopted measures to provide for these slaves
before these orders were dispatched?
on the 11th, in the presence of a number of anx-
Lord Howick said, that before the orders were ing, but were agreeably disappointed. According
ious spectators, who were doubtful of its succeed-
1
sent out to emancipate these slaves, the govern-
ment had taken the best information on this sub- || 5700 gallons were expressed."
to an accurate calculation, in less than 11 hours,
jeet; and these orders were not sent out till such
information was fully considered. Besides this,
Would it not be advisable for our southern co-
he could assure the Hon. gentleman that all the lored people to reflect on the advantages held out
necessary precautions had been taken by the go to those who will migrate thither ? Every rea-
vernment to provide for those slaves. He could | sonable encouragement will be given to orderly
not let this opportunity pass without reading an
extract from a letter written by the Governor of || and industrious emigrants, by both government
Antigua. That letter stated, that during the five and people ; and in no part of the world could
months since the Crown slaves had been set at they, with industry and economy, live more free
liberty, there had been no complaint of their con-
duct,= (hear, hear;)-none had made application and independent,-or, with temperance and pru-
for relief on account of their poverty--(hear,)-dence, enjoy a greater share of health and comfort.
but they were all industriously occupied in pro-
viding for themselves. (Hear, hear.) That was
ANOTHER
the report made by the Governor of Antigua of
ENTHUSIAST."
371 slaves who were suddenly emancipated. --
Our friend, Dennison, of the Stonington Phe-
There were now to be emancipated only 36 in | nix,* has caught a “live coal” from the altar of
number, and they were creoles. He asked the Universal Emancipation. He is becoming almost
house whether there was any danger that these
36 creoles would create any embarrassment when * Since writing the above, we learn that he has
371 negroes had occasioned none whatever? assumed the editorial charge of a new work, en-
(Hear, hear.).
titled the “Herald of Peace,”.
Mr. Burge hoped that the government, before || necticut. Success attend him!
Norwich, Con-
crown'
+


ĠENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION. .
129
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
an enthusiastic as he should be. Some of the "yan- | travel south under such a title; nor do I recom-
dee” boys may be a little too full of fire,—but icy, | Your friends as well as yourself
would be impli-
mend it to you known as its Editor to do so.-
indeed, must be that bosom which does not burn cated. You need not forward mine until you
for the promotion of such a cause as this! A hear from me.”
list of newly initiated coadjutors, who are now
We have had the following Address, &c. on hand
distinguishing themselves, is prepared for inser-
for some length of time, but deferred its insertion
tion; but (thank Heaven!) it is too long for our
for want of room. When may we look for such
limits, this month.
patriotic decision from the statesmen of Northern
America ?
DEFINITION OF THE TERM FREEMEN.
ADDRESS TO THE PEOPLE OF GREAT BRI-
The people of Fayetteville, North Carolina, are
TAIN,
resolved to have a new Dictionary!—They have The Society for the Abolition of Sla-
been scandalized long enough by the latitudinarian- | very throughout the British dominions,
rism of the term FREEMEN!!! Hear them!-
earnestly request your attention to the
“A Memorial address to the legislature of this present state of the question. The Dis-
State, protesting against the right of emancipated, solution will probably soon take place,
or as they are usually called free negroes, to vote when the great body of Electors will be
ing for the adoption of a resolution declaratory of strongly agitated with discussing the
the true meaning of the term FREEMEN, as used in measure of Reform, which has divided the
the Constitution, has been prepared, agreeably to existing Parliament. At this crisis we
a resolution adopted by a number of citizens, at a
meeting held in the Masonic Hall
, on Saturday | entreat you, in the midst of conflict and
evening last."- Sentinel.
excitement, to remember the sacred cause
to which, in conjunction with ourselves,
THREATS, AND PERSONAL DANGER, you are solemnly pledged. Upon the exer-
The editor of the Liberator has published sun tions now made, as far as human wisdom
dry letters, threatening personal violence, and may foresee, mainly depends the continu-
cautioning him to be on his guard, &c. That there ance or extinction of that system which
are lawless wretches, who would willingly commit has so long prevailed in violation of all
outrages of this nature, the editor of this work the principles of the British Constitution,
has also long since been convinced, even by “oc-
and in subversion of all justice, outraging
cular demonstration.” Many letters, couched in every feeling of humanity, and utterly re-
the most indecent and menacing language, and pugnant to the precepts of the religion we
others, in the kindest spirit of anxious concern profess to acknowledge. We pray you
and friendly warning, have been received, from to rouse yourselves to strenuous, perse-
time to time. This is, indeed, calculated to dis- | vering and well-organized exertions; and
courage chicken-hearted reformers. It is a cheap we suggest for your consideration the fol-
method for bullying blackguards to vent their ma- || lowing measures :—To call meetings of
lignant spleen. But they must risk a little more your Committees, and to invite to join you
responsibility
, ere they succeed in their designs.-- all who prefer humanity to oppression,
Though personal violence, of the most outrageous truth to falsehood, freedom to slavery:
character
, has been actually meted to the writer to appoint frequent periods for assembling;
to form a list of all the Electors who can
of this, he yet assures both friends and foes, that
be
his resolution flags not-his spirit soars as lofty
properly influenced in the approaching
Those who embark on the stormy sea
contest, each individual answering for
of reformation, must, first, be satisfied of the ra-|| himself and as many more as he can bring
tionality and justice of their cause, and even be to aid :--to make strict inquiries of every
willing to suffer martyrdom if necessary; they will Candidate, not only whether he is decid-
then have nothing to fear from the raging elements | edly favourable to the extinction of Slave-
of human passion, prejudice, andi malignity.
ry, but whether or not he will attend the
We copy the following extract of a letter, just Debates in Parliament when that ques-
received from a friend to the south, (who had sub-| tion shall be discussed; herein taking spe-
scribed for the Genius of Universal Emancipation,) cial care not to be deceived by general
to show the sensitiveness prevailing among some professions of disapprobation of Slavery,
even of liberal sentiments there, at this juncture. but ascertaining that the Candidate has
Many such letters have been received from thence, adopted the determination to assist in
at different times, although the paper has long had carrying through measures for its speedy
an extensive circulation in that part of the Union. annihilation. None look with greater
“The title of your paper puts one in mind of a
horror on the shedding of blood, or the re-
man who, to favor his favorite terrier, had the la- | motest chance of occasioning such a ca-
bel, “ Mad dog!" put round his neck. It cannot il lamity than ourselves ; but we are in our
as ever.


130
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
own consciences convinced, and that af- which the people of Great Britain and Ire-
ter investigation the most careful and scru- land may give, by their votes, as they
pulous, that from the emancipation we have already given by their petitions, effi-
recommend, no risk to the safety of the cacious assistance towards delivering the
white inhabitants could arise; on the con- Negroes from the evils of Slavery, and
trary, we verily believe that the continu- the nation from the guilt of tolerating it;
ance of Slavery renders desolation and and that the address now read (see preced-
bloodshed much more probable; and that ing pages] be adopted by this Meeting
if the country does not repent of the sin of and circulated throughout the country.
Slavery and cast it from her, it may, by 3. That the buying, or selling, or hold-
the just retribution of Providence, termi-|ing of our fellow-men as slaves, is con-
nate in a convulsion destructive alike of trary to the Christian religion, and to the
life and property.
principles of the British constitution.
On behalf of Candidates who are known 4. That, under the strongest rational
to hold these principles, and on behalf of conviction, fortified by the experience of
such Candidates only, we ask your as- | all ages, that the holders of slaves are, by
sistance; and this assistance may be most the very circumstances of their situation,
- powerfully rendered, not merely by votes,| rendered as unfit, as they have always
but by open and public adoption of the proved themselves unwilling, to frame
Candidate on these avowed grounds, by laws for the benefit of their bondmen, this
the exertion of lawful influence, by sav. Assembly cannot refrain from avowing
ing him time in his canvass, and by re-their utter despair of receiving any effect-
lieving him from expense in going to the ual aid from the Colonists in the prosecu-
poll.
tion of their great object.
We assure you, that on our part, we 5. That this Assembly consider it in-
will not be backward in our efforts for the cumbent on them to renew the declara-
attainment of the same ends; and we will, tion of their decided conviction, that Slave-
from time to time, afford you all the in- |ry is not merely an abuse to be mitigated,
formation we may deem requisite. but an enormity to be suppressed; that it
In the truth and justice of our Cause involves the exercise of severities on the
we are all confident; but men must work || part of the master, and the endurance of
by human means. Without strenuous sufferings on the part of the Slave, which
efforts, the gold and combination of our no laws can effectually prevent; and that
interested opponents, may leave the cause to impose on the British people the invo-
without that support in Parliament which luntary support of a system so essentially
is essential to success, and so continue, for iniquitous, is an injustice no longer to be
an indefinite period, sufferings indescrib- || endured.
able and iniquity incalculable.
6. That the experience of the last eight
We solemnly conjure you to show years has not only furnished additional
yourselves, by your courage, energy, and evidence of the criminality and incurable
perseverance, faithful in the cause of Truth inhumanity of Slavery, but has also de-
and Mercy, and then, with His aid to monstrated incontrovertibly, that it is only
whom all good is to be ascribed, we trust | by the direct intervention of Parliament
this accumulation of guilt and misery may that any effectual remedy can be applied
be speedily annihilated.
to this enormous evil; and that it is the
Signed in behalf of the London Com- | unalterable determination of this Meeting
mittee,
to leave no lawful means unattempted for
T. F. BUXTON, Z. MACAULAY, obtaining, by Parliamentary enactment,
S. GURNEY,
D. WILSON, the total abolition of Slavery throughou
W. WILBERFORCE, R. WATSON, the British Dominions.
S. LUSHINGTON. 7. That this Meeting desire the expres-
T. CLARKSON.
sion of their sincere regret for the una-
voidable absence of His Royal Highness
RESOLUTIONS,
the Duke of Gloucester, to be respectfully
Unanimously adopted at a General Meeting of the conveyed to him, together with their cor-
don, April 23, 1831, the Right Hon. Lard Suffield dial acknowledgements for the undevia-
in the Chair.
ting support he has uniformly given to
1. That the object of this Meeting is the principles on which this Society is
the entire extinction of Negro Slavery.
founded.
THOMAS PRINGLE,
2. That the time has now arrived, in
Secretary.
W. SMITH,


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
131
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
adies' Repository.
review more carefully the ground on which they
are standing; to reflect on the strange improprie-
Philanthropic and Literary.
ty of the course they are pursuing. How can
they reconcile it to themselves that they, chris-
PRINCIPALLY CONDUCTED BY A LADY.
tian mothers and wives and daughters, with all
ON THE USE OF FREE PRODUCE.
the kind and gentle sympathies of woman's na-
This is a subject to which we have already fre-
ture playing about their hearts, should be acces-
quently adverted, yet convinced as we are of the saries in supporting one of the most heinous sys-
utility of that method of opposition to slavery,
tems of oppression ever known in the world?
we believe we cannot err in again placing it before If an entire abstinence from the products of slave-
the attention of our readers. The use of Free labor is considered impracticable, certainly they
Produce, though it has become much more gene- ought to make use of them only when it is entire-
ral than formerly, is still far too limited. In very || ly out of their power to procure those of the other
many sections of our country, none except the class. And surely this cannot be too much to
slave cultivated articles can be procured, though ask of any one, in support of such a cause as the
many persons in such places would undoubtedly overthrow of inhumanity and the relief of wretch-
give the preference to those of a contrary charac-edness.
ter, if they could be readily obtained. This is
certainly to be regretted; yet where there is sin We have not often met with a more touching
cerity and steadiness of purpose we believe that || appeal (in a few words) to the hearts of Rulers,
difficulties of this kind may be generally, at least than the following. We hope it may be listen-
in some measure, overcome. If in every neigh-ed to by those who have hearts to feel, both for
borhood those families who are friendly to the use
the wrongs of the oppressed, and the safety of
of free produce would unite in requesting their others. It is an extract from a petition to the Legig-
storekeeper to procure for them the desired arti- || lature of Virginia, from sundry female inhabitants
cles, we should suppose self-interest, if no better of the County of Fluvanna. We have not seen
motive, would induce him to oblige them. Where the petition, at length.
this arrangement cannot be made, and no other
“ Will the absent father's heart be at peace
method can be fallen upon, we would earnestly | when, amid the hurry of public affairs, his truant
advise the friends of our cause, to provide them- | thoughts return to the home of his affections, sur-
selves with no supplies in advance, and to care-
rounded by doubtful, if not dangerous, subjects to
fully avoid the use of superfluous articles. But, || engaged in his legislative duties, his heart may
a precarious authority? Perhaps when deeply
again we repeat, a little exertion is often all that quail, and his tongue falter, with irrepressible ap-
is necessary to obtain the wished for object. prehensions for the peace and safety of objects
dearer than life itself.
To such of our sex as voluntarily give the pre-
ference to the products of slave labor, we would | efficient measures are speedily put in operation to
“Such will be the trials of our posterity unless
offer a word of serious expostulation on the in avert them from the unborn myriads of our native
consistency of their conduct. They would doubt- | land.”
lessly deny any wish to perpetuate the
present
It
may not be inappropriate here to introduce
condition of the slaves; nay, they will probably the stanzas below. They appeared, originally,
assert that their warmest wishes are engaged in in the Albany “Argus.”
behalf of abolition, and that the most active
DIRGE.
friends of that cause do not exceed themselves, in
On the night following Sunday, August 21st,
detestation of slavery. How illy do such protes- | while many of the inhabitants of Southampton
tations accord with their conduct. They abhor County, Virginia, were absent at a camp-meeting
the system of oppression, and yet contribute their held in a neighboring district, the blacks rose up
on the defenceless and unarmed, who remained at
money to pay the slaveholder for maintaining it! || home, and sacrificed, with barbarous cruelty, be-
They commisserate the slave, but instead of en. tween sixty and seventy victims, without dis-
deavoring to afford him relief, their whole assist-crimination of age, sex, or condition.
ance is given to those who retain him in bondage ! Wail! for the innocent,
They would probably advance many arguments
The beautiful and fair,
The young, who perish'd in their youth,
in their justification, but unfortunately the slave-
The old in his hoary hair.
holder makes use of equally strong, and not un-
frequently the very same, reasonings in favor of Wail! for the many hearths
And homes made desolate;
his conduct. And though we would not judge
For broken hearts and sever'd ties
harshly, and are willing to make all due allowan-
The spoils of murderous hate.
ces for the effects of education and custom, we
Fair pass'd the Sabbath-sun
believe that both of them are actuated by the
Behind the western hills:
same principle of self-interest, though perhaps un-
For hymns were heard in the ancient wood,
der different modifications. We entreat them to And songs by the gushing rills.


132
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
The old man call'd his flock,
'Tis time to rouse thee! Time all else destroys,
And read the living word;
And sometimes breaks the fetters of the slave;
And the peace of God was in his heart, Perhaps his finger even now employs
While his lips in prayer were stirr'd. The long forgotten, toil-worn, wretch to save.
Hayti, emerging from the gloom, enjoys
All solemnly knelt down
A taste of that, which God to all men gave.
With meek, confiding air;
Blood marked her course! Blood ever marks the
And breathed"amen,” as the sire implored strife,
For them the Great Keeper's care. When the vast price is Liberty and Life.
Sleep, in her folded arms,
God made man free; Man makes his fellow slave.
Wrapt husband, child and wife,
Nature abhors the crime, and by its fruit
And throbbing pulse, and heaving breast, Works out its own destruction, digs the grave
Were all that betoken'd life.
Of Slavery with a scion from its root:
A shriek was heard by night!
Cupidity and Pride and Avarice, gave
The startled eye but saw
To man the base desire; those bid him shoot
Beyond the mark, until his feeble grasp
The gleaming axe, and the ear just caught
The sable fiend's hurra!
The multiplying numbers cease to clasp.
The ear heard not again ;
And the rous'd tide of being from its course
The lid shut o'er the eye ;
Bounds unrestrain'd! Thus man in pride doth
And only death stood sentry by
sieze,
The red postern of the slain.
And captive lead the humble streamlet's force;
And feels secure: but when the lightning's blaze
Morn smil'd as it was wont,
Breaks on the mountains, and the hoarse
On upland, plain, and stream,
And thousand birds their matins sung
And heavy breathings of the storm betrays
The multiplying waters, can his hand
To the first awakening beam.
Curb the wild surge, the torrents' force withstand !
But woman's cheerful smile,
The God of Israel bared his red right arm,
And man's exciting voice,
And burst the bonds of Egypt. Sparta shook
And childhood's gleeful laugh, no more Beneath the Helot's grasp; and Hayti's firm
In the morning bade rejoice.
And new-born vigor the bare sceptre struck
Out on the polish'd floor
From her oppressors' hold. Thence springs a
Ran the ensanguin'd flood;
germ,
The babe slept on its mother's breast,
Which threat'ning, warns us to beware the
And its bruis'd lips dash'd with blood.
shock.
Columbia view it! And e'er yet too late,
Upon the cold hearth stone
Avoid the Spartan's, or the Spaniard's fate.
The unripen'd virgin lay,
Crush'd in her budding loveliness,
A Slave! What is the thing, that thus we call ?
And dawn of her opening day.
In what relation stands it to its lord ?
Does reason sway it? An immortal soul
And manhood's sturdy arm
Within it tremble at a haughty word ?
In dust was beaten down;
Approach Cupidity, with all thy gall,
From youth his boast and pride were reft, And Pride and Avarice, all, ye motly herd !
From reverend age his crown.
Is not that frame thy task doth daily break
Wail! for the young and fair,
Of human flesh and blood? Thy brother's ?
And their remorseless fate,
Speak!
Wail! for the merry homes laid waste, And for what sin doth that untiring scourge
And the bosom desolate.
Lash him to toil? Does some black nameless
crime,
Yet unaton'd, the steady torture urge?
A NEW YEAR'S ODE.
Or has the son of Afric, through all time,
Pour'd on his throbbing brow, its fiery surge,
The following is extracted from an article ori And stamped it with the guilt of hue, and clime ?
ginally published in the United States Gazette. Its | A guilty skin hath seized, and doth infold
great length forbids its entire insertion. The piece | His writhing body in its poison'd fold !
is the production of no ordinary pen.
Say, thou pale shrinking, bloated, mass of pride,
Why dost thou shake, as tho’ thy frighted soul
Another year! And is there in the last
Would fly its prison, when the storm doth ride
Nought to forbid us hail the newly born ?
In darkness round thee? Does the thunder's
Does no dark shadow lower upon the past
roll
And throw its gloom upon the rising morn? And the fierce flash that bids the storm divide,
Ask of yon trembling Slave, who stands aghast,
• Beneath his tyrant's scourge and visage stern;
Appear rebellion? Does the fearful goal-
The boundary of thy dark dominion-rise
Ask of yon Indian, as with silent gloom,
In threat'ning horror naked to thine eyes ?
He looks his last upon his father's
tomb.
“Hark that loud crash! that shout! they come !
Start'st thou, Columbia! Does the fetter's clank
they come!
Disturb thy slumbers? interrupt thy dreams? “ That flash! the signal of the bloody strife!
Does Afric's groans pour forth her hovels dank “The thousands round, amidst the deeping gloom
Grate on thy senses? Or has Lethe's streams “Shout to the storm, and whet the hungry
Pour'd dark oblivion round thee? Hast thou
knife!
drank
“Ah! God of mercy! ah! avert the doom !
Thyself into forgetfulness? Still gleams
Before thy leaden-eye the warning past,
“Save, oh ! in mercy save this wretched life !"
Thou coward fool! 'tis but the tempest raves
And art thou still in murky darkness cast! O'er thee in peace repose thy toil-worn slaves.
VIATOR


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
133
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
ASSOCIATIONS.
its
The rising sun may bid the storm disperse be abandoned ? When will the enemies
And scatter to the winds thy frantic dream;
And thou, resuscitate, again may'st curse
of slavery unite in a bolder, a juster, a
Thy tardy bondmen; bid the tiger scream
more auspicious enterprise,-an enterprise
Of their fell driver.rouse them-but a worse, in which all the principles of humanity,
A deadlier flash may on thy eyeballs gleam!
Another night may come, more dark, more deep, and fair play?
justice, and religion may have free scope
And seize thy spirit in its tempest's sweep.
The divine blessing can
be reasonably expected upon no compro
APOLOGY FOR LADIES' ANTI-SLAVERY mise with what is essentially evil; it will
rest on no lukewarm propositions of mer-
By the author of "Immediate, not Gradual Abolicy, on no attempt to lower and accom-
tion,” &c.
modate the standard of righteousness to
(Continued from page 112.)
that of expediency. No mutilated offer-
No, - we are firmly persuaded that the ings on the altar of duty will be accepted.
proposition of gradual emancipation is a The fire from heaven will consume no
delusive phantom-anignis-fatuus, which maimed imperfect sacrifices. To ensure
will perpetually elude the grasp,-a for- divine approbation, the intention must be
lorn hope, which has done nothing, and upright; conformity to the divine standard
will do nothing, but deceive and disappoint must be the undeviating aim, however
supporters.
defective the execution. The requisitions
We are now on the eve of a fresh Ses- of the Gospel can be satisfied with no
sion of Parliament, under a new Adminis- vain attempts for the mitigation and gra-
tration. Public meetings are again con- dual extinction of slavery; they require
vening, petitions are again preparing, to the breaking of that anti-christian yoke-
re-solicit Government to redeem its own the setting of its oppressed victims free.
pledge, to enforce its own decrees-short There are awful denunciations against the
and defective as they are admitted to be sacrilege of taking away any of the
We venture to predict that the speeches words of divine revelation;-of lowering
to be made in favor of gradual emancipa- the authority, deducting from the strict-
tion will be no more eloquent in style, no
ness of the divine commands. The sa-
more forcible in argument, no more resist-|| cred injunction of our great Lawgiver,
less in evidence, than those that have been “ WHATSOEVER YE
already made ;—that the petitions to be SHOULD DO UNTO YOU, DO YE EVEN
presented for the accomplishment of that UNTO THEM,” will not admit a moment's
object, will be no more availing than those acquiescence in a law which should em-
which have been already presented : power the slave to buy out his own free-
the principles of human nature justify the dom,—which should require him to pay a
prediction that the anticipated speeches price for an unalienable right, to which he
will be less eloquent, less forcible; that the is not only entitled without purchase, but
anticipated petitions will be less availing. || for the long withholding of which he of all
In this unequal strife of right against earthly claimants, is most entitled to com-
might, without some fresh excitement to pensation.
hope, some fresh stimulant to exertion, During the last year there has been a
there must of necessity be a declension of considerable increase of Ladies' Anti-Sla-
zeal. Familiarity with objects the most very Associations ; but they must be
revolting imperceptibly diminishes the hor- greatly multiplied; their zeal and exertion
ror with which they were at first contem- | must be greatly accelerated before they
plated. The most vehement indignation make any perceptible advances towards
against injustice and cruelty, of which we their ultimate object.
are not ourselves the victims, if unaccom Success, in every enterprize, is general-
paried with vigorous resistance, will gra- ly proportioned to the well adapted means
dually subside; and vigorous resistance by which it is pursued, and to the ardour
cannot be long maintained, unless it
prove
and industry with which those means are
in some measure successful.—“Hope de-applied ;-and the means will be well
ferred,"_fruitless labor, “makes the heart adapted-they will be applied with ardour
sick,"_enfeebles its pulsations,-benumbs and industry proportioned to the personal
its sensibilities,-deadens its energies.
interests which is taken in their success.
When will this heartless, hopeless, im Personal interest is the main-spring of
practicable project of gradual emancipa- all voluntary exertion; this will be vigor-
tion, on which so much precious time and ous or languid, persevering or intermit-
talent have been so unprofitable consumed, || tent, according to the strength or weak-
WOULD THAT MEN
so


134
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
66
sue.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
ness of that great regulator. The ambi- || acknowledged injustice, without being
tious, the covetous, the worldling, and the sensible of a withering influence, a blight
christian, are tenacious, vigilant, perse- || upon their moral sensibility, -than a
vering, and successful, according to their man can touch pitch without being de-
devotion to the respective objects of their || filed ?" The very best among us have
pursuit, - according as they feel their own cause to tremble for themselves as well
interest and happiness staked ироп
the is as for their country, on account of the
In the present discouraging circum- poisonous infection of this legalized iniqui-
stances of the Anti-Slavery contest there || ty, for as long as it exists its work of moral
is nothing to justify surprise : they are the deterioration will never be at a stand still.
natural and necessary consequences of We have a personal interest then, and
deficiency of personal interest in its suc a momentous one, in the speedy extinc-
cessful and speedy termination. Yet wetion of slavery. It is a criminal weak-
have a personal interest, and a very im-ness, a dangerous infatuation, which has
portant one, in its successful and speedy induced so much weariness and impa-
termination. "No father," it has been | tience of the subject. To banish it from
justly said, “who wishes to preserve his our thoughts will only accelerate the pro-
son's principles, will trust him to breathe cess of our obduration. Having once be-
the atmosphere of slavery ;-it is fatal to come acquainted with the dreadful ex-
- virtue." And are we, with the great At-tremes of moral degradation and physical
lantic rolling between us, out of reach of wretchedness which slavery entails, we
its baneful infection? Has the long pas- shall seek in vain to secure the undisturb-
sive sufferance of the wrongs and outrages | ed enjoyment of our own immunities by
which it systematically inflicts, had no turning away from the painful contempla-
tendency to blunt our feelings and to para- tion of its murderous ravages, and leaving
lize our humanity? Have the revolting its helpless victims to their fate.
barbarities, the scenes of horror to which Christianity is not a voluminous code
it is, through its faithful reporters, fami- of arbitrary commands and prohibitions ;
liarizing our imaginations, no effect simi---it is a system of principles, few in num-
lar in kind if not in degree, to that which | ber, but of universal application. It re-
is occasioned by the habitual ocular ob- quires the supreme love of God, and the
servation of them?
love of our neighbors as ourselves. The
There can be no question that the sys- || love of our Creator and the love of our
tem, ever since its atrocious injustice has fellow-creatures are inseparably connect-
been so clearly demonstrated, has been ed ;--in proportion as we grow indifferent
dearly upheld. The expense of annual to their interests and happiness, the love
millions in defending it with our fleets and of God is extinguished, and our own true
armies, with our bounties and protecting | happiness is extinguished with it. When
duties, is a cheap sacrifice compared to we labor most assiduously for the welfare
that of our best feelings and principles, || of others, we are best promoting our own:
which it is rapidly deteriorating. Let --when we become careless of their in-
those who have been most richly endow- | terests, we are moral suicides. All the
ed with these inestimable treasures, ask | springs of pure enjoyment are stopped in a
themselves whether they have not been | heart incrusted with selfishness. But
robbed and spoiled of much of this pre- this is not all. By a careless insensibility
cious inheritance during the last five years to other's sufferings we incur positive evil
unsuccessful anti-slavery struggle ? Let as well as privation of good.
them ask themselves whether they can ourselves to the personal endurance of
think or feel, speak or write about slave-those very sufferings which our negli-
ry, with that life and energy, that glow | gence allows, or our wilfulness inflicts;
of christian zeal and holy indignation, for, WITH WHAT MEASURE YE METE, IT
with which they thought and felt, spoke | SHALL BE MEASURED TO YOU AGAIN.” It
and wrote about it five years ago? Let may be long ere we perceive the ad-
them ask themselves whether they have vances of this retributive justice :—but if
not experimentally felt that evil institu- the gospel be true, we must all feel its full
tions corrupt good principles, as much as weight in time or eternity. It may be
"evil communications corrupt good man- long ere we have any very alarming per-
ners ?"—that they can no more live underception of the advances of this retributive
a government which obstinately, against || justice, but we may be already sensible of
light and conviction, upholds palpable and I the rapid progress of its certain precursor
We expose
66


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
135
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
-insensibility and hardness of heart. | read the bible and make christians of 'em,
And what greater evil can befall account- there would be less danger of their rising.
able beings, living under the bright efful-|| And our unruly slaves would become pea-
gence of the Christian Revelation, richly sible and quiet domestics. That they'd
endowed with capacities widely to reflect || not be gittin in hoards on Sundays to
its beneficent rays, by a practice con- | make plots and contrive how to kill us;
formable to its divine precepts of love and but they'd flock together to worship God,
universal good will ? What greater evil and read their bibles. But its all a blast-
can befall a people to whom the five ta- || ed lie.
lents have been committed with the cer-
“ They first want to shuffle the nigurs
tain assurance that to whom much is giv-ll out of our hands. Who cares for their
en of them will much be required ? shaming us about our missionaries. I
(Conclusion next month.)
reckon I know what about it. Jist like
the durn'd nigurs and Injuns, that lives
The Olio.
ten thousand miles off, knows any thing
'bout what we're a doin here. Why they'll
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation. think we're all saints when they hear our
A TOUCH OF THE COMIC !
missionaries preach; and they'll naturly
In a late number of the Greensborough | want to come over here and get 'ligion
Patriot, of N. C. is what purports to be a
where its plenty. And above all, to think
vision of " Wide Awake,” in which he o- they'll tell us to give the nigurs larnin,
verhears the conversation between “Guz- and to make christians of 'em. Did you
zle," an elector, fond to excess of a drop of || ever hear the match of it? Make a chris-
the “O be joyful.” and a candidate for tian of a nigur, and larn him to read !
the General Assembly.—Guzzle declines Jist like there's any goodness in a nigur.
engaging to support the candidate, until Like guoin to meetin or readin the bible
he partakes of his whiskey, and hears his | does 'em any good. I know that's a lie, by
sentiments in relation to the quakers, and
myself."
negroes. The candidate havingediscover-
ed that Guzzle is inimical to the claims in the above, each reader will determine
Whether there be more irony, or truth,
of both, proceeds to develope his political for himself :-certain it is, however, that
opiniors.
many conceive it dangerous to instruct
"I have been to the legislator these two the sable descendants of Africa :—not so,
years.
And last session we past more
the A. E. Society of the U. S.—There,
good laws, and got the nighest the pinni- | names known to the world of science
cle of perfection, than all the 'semblies marshalled in the ranks, and under the
that ever succeeded us. We past several | banner of virtue,are nobly appended to the
acts about the nigurs: Among the rest opposite sentiment. Their philanthropy,
we found it inexpedient to make the ni- || their wisdom, and their independence will
gurs notlarn to read nor write. The
not be forgotten ;-but 'a spontaneous,
quaker men and some others tried their || and continued flow of gratitude will re-
durndest to keep us from it: but they | vert to their memory, from a coming state
could'nt do it. Some said it was poorly of society, which will have no ear for the
wuth while to send missionaries to the In- wily intrigues of the mere politician-no
juns, and heathens, while we're a tryin to pleasure in placing "the bloood stained
inake heathens of our nigurs. And that || wreath on the brow of the warrior”—nor
it was scandulous to our 'semblies to pass || any desire to extenuate the deeds of the
such a law; and a shame to try to make
proud oppressor.
folks blieve they might come over here,
and be free, and find christianism, and then
pass a law that did'nt let 'em larn to read KENTUCKY. It appears that in the
the bible. And they did'nt quit at that State of Kentucky, the owners of slaves
with their tarnal nonsense; but told us, who are executed for crimes receive pay
(just like the thought we'd blieve it.) that for them from the State Treasury, and
our nigurs would be more likely to raise that 68,000 dollars have already been
ructions 'mong us if we kept them igno- paid for that object. In a late legislative
rant, and in a savage state; and that they | debate, it appeared that there were in the
have nothing to prevent them from cut-|| state 160,000 slaves, and that they were
ting our throats, while we're all asleep. owned by one-fifth of the tax paying
But, say they, if we would larn them to ll whites; and an effort was made to alter
G.


136
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Celum.
the law, so as to relieve the non-slave-
AUTHORIZED AGENTS.
holding whites from the odious tax, but Jacob Janney-Penn. Avenue, Washington, D.
without effect.-W. Intel.
C. opposite Barnard's Hotel.
William R. Jones—No. 18, Market-street, Bal-
timore, Maryland.
AMERICAN ANTI-SLAVERY SOCIETY. Abner M. Plummer-Newmarket, do.
In view of the alarming facts which Samuel Brown-Winchester, Virginia.
are now coming out on the subject of sla-
Jonathan Taylor, Jr.-Purcell's Store, do.
Rich'd Mendenhall-Jamestown, N. C.
very, we would suggest the immediate
Thos. Moore, P. M.-Newgardens, do.
convocation of every friend of Light and Thos. Lundy-Huntsville, Surry Co. do.
Liberty, in the city of Philadelphia, to M. Long, P. M.-Long's Mills, do.
take it into solemn, and deliberate, yet ac-
J. Newlin, P. M.-Lindley's Store, do.
B. Swaim, Esq.-New-Salem, do.
tive consideration. One judicious step Rev. H. M'Millan-Chesterville, S. C.
now, may save miles of travel through Samuel Holliman-Wrightsboro', Ga.
human blood, in a few months to come.-
Thos. Doan-Newmarket, Jeff. Co. Tenn.
Jas. Jones, P. M.--Unitia, Blount Co. do.
Stonington Phenix.
Elijah Embree, P. M.-Pactolus, do.
William Bryant-Nashville, do.
The Shelbyville (T.) Freeman states,
William Mack-Columbia, do.
James Askins-Fayetteville do.
that a plot for an insurrection among the
James Alexander- Washington, Hempstead Co.
blacks in and around Fayetteville, in that Arkansas Ter.
etate, had happily been discovered, in time Rev. Jesse Haile-Springfield, Illinois.
Rev. John F. Crow, P.M.-Hanover, la.
to preventits execution, through informa-
Smith & Bulla-Centreville, do.
tion given by a female slave.
Rev. M. Jamieson-Mount-Sterling, Ky.
Joseph Lormer-Mount-Washington, do.
PREMIUM FOR RICE.
Joseph B. Chapman-Waynesville, Ohio.
The sum of TWENTY DOLLARS will be given Dr. Joseph Stanton-Springborough, do.
as a premium, over and above the market price, William Lewis-Harrisville, do.
for Five Casks of Fresh Rice, of good quality, A. Baer, Jr.--Osnaburg, Stark Co. do.
raised by Free Labor, and delivered in Philadel Thomas Chandler-Adrian, Michigan Ter.
phia, to Charles Peirce, before the first of June William P. Richards-Wilmington, Del.
next, 1832.
Joseph Sharpless-No. 22, N. 4th street, Phila-
The gentleman above named, is well known as
delphia, Penn.
a very respectable Grocer in Philadelphia, who
Joseph Cassey–No. - S. 4th street, do. do.
has, for several years past, made it a particular bu-
A. Marshall, Esq.-Westchester, do.
siness to keep articles in his line that are exclu Dr. E. Michener-Londongrove, do.
sively the production of free labor.
Dr. B. Fussell-Kennett Square, do.
The premium, together with the market price, Joel Wierman-York Springs, Adams Co. do.
will be promptly paid, on the delivery of the Rice,
Lindley Coates-Gap P. O. Lan. Co. do.
accompanied by proper reference and vouchers
Jehu Lewis-Bethleham, Wash, Co. do.
from some respectable person who is known in
Richard Lundy-Mount Holly, N. J.
Philadelphia.
Theodore Davisson-Trenton, do.
Benjamin Acton-Salem, do.
Zachariah Webster-Plainfield, do.
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION. James Wilson, Jr:-Alamouchy P. 0. Sussex
Vol. XII.
County, do.
The object and character of this work are well Mahlon Day-No. 376 Pearl-st. N. Y. City.
known. It has been published ten years, and cir John Lockwood-Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
culated in all the States of this Union, in Canada, Charles Marriott-Hudson, do,
the West Indies, Europe and Africa. It is exclu Abijah Purinton-Troy, do.
sively devoted to the subject of the Abolition of Sla Thomas Shotwell—Marengo. do.
very, on the American Continent and Islands.
Lyman A. Spalding--Lockport, do.
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.
John I. Wells & Son-Hartford, Conn.
The work will, henceforth, be issued monthly. R. T. Robinson--Vergennes, Vt.
It will be neatly printed on fine paper, and folded William Loyd Garrison, Boston, Mass.
in the octavo form, each number making sixteen Samuel Rodman, Jr.--New-Bedford, do.
William Dean-Salem, do.
The price of subscription will be One Dollar per Rev. N. Paul-London C. H. Upper Canada.
annum, always to be paid in advance.
James Cropper--Liverpool, England.
Subscribers who do not particularly specify the William B. Bowler--Port au Prince, Hayti.
time they wish to receive the work, or notify the John B. Salgues-Aux Cayes, do.
Editor of a desire to discontinue it before the expi Jacob W. Prout--Monrovia, Africa.
ration of each current year, will be considered as
engaged for the next succeeding one, and their
POSTAGE.
bills will be forwarded accordingly.
The postage of the Genius of Universal Eman-
Agents will be entitled to six copies for every cipation is now the same as that of weekly news
five dollars remitted to the Editor, in current mo papers.
One cent and a half, for each paper,
is
ney of the United States.
the highest that can be legally charged within the
All letters and communications intended for | United States. If the distance be less than one
this office, must be addressed, free of expense, to hundred miles, but one cent can be demanded. -
BENJAMIN LUNDY, Washington, D.C. ICP Post-masters will please attend to this no-
IP A few copies of the Eleventh Volume, com tice. The Post-Office in Washington forwarda
plete, for sale.
it under this regulation.
THE
large pages.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
EDITED BY B. LUNDY--PUBLISHED IN WASHINGTON AND BALTIMORE-$1.00 PER ANN.
"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all inen are created equal, and endowed by their Creator with certain
inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."-Declaration of Independence, U.S.
No. 9. Vol. II. THIRD Series.) FEBRUARY, 1832.
(WHOLE NUMBER 273. VOL. XII.
THE LATE STEPHEN GIRARD.
COLOR.
&c., is situated near Washita, Louisiana, he gives
We war not with disembodied Spirits--we the following directions.—How cool and dispas-
tread lightly on the ashes of the dead. But when || sionately tyrannical ! how steeled and adaman.
erring mortals are worshipped merely for the gold tean the heart that could endite this in Philadel.
they have hoarded; when they are held up to the phia!
public view as paragons of virtue, while oppression of twenty years, or on the decease of the said
"I desire that, at the expiration of the said term
marked their career; when pæans are chanted over | Judge Henry Bree, should he not live so long, the
their sepulchres, as an acknowledgement of their í land and improvements forming said settlement,
triumph over the vices and baser passions of the the slaves thereon or thereto belonging, and all other
heart, while their own recorded acts proclaim | appurtenant personal property, shall be sold, as
#them the unrelenting and inexorable tyrants of|able, and the proceeds of the said sale or sales
soon as the said Corporation shall deem it advise-
their species, it is time to raise our voice-we can shall be applied by the said Corporation to such
not" hold our peace."
uses and purposes as they shall consider most like-
The public has been informed of the recent de- || the inhabitants of the city of New Orleans. But
ly to promote the health and general prosperity of
mise of the celebrated merchant and banker, Ste- until the said sale shall be made, the said Corpora-
phen Girard, of Philadelphia. It is generally |tion shall pay all taxes, prevent waste or intru-
known that his industry and economy were pro- | slaves, and their increase thereon, as to derive an
sions, and so manage the said settlement and the
verbial, and that he was immensely rich in this income, and the said income shall be applied from
world's goods. We also learn that he very liberal- time to time, to the same uses and purposes, for
ly bequeathed to various public institutions a large || habitants."
the health and general prosperity of the said in-
share of the wealth he had hoarded. For all this
he has been justly eulogized, both when living || ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE PEOPLE OF
and since his death.--But, as a counterpart to all
the virtue and generosity here recognized, we are
The proceedings of this Convention were re-
painfully compelled to witness in his progress | ceived, in pamphlet form, a short time previous to
through life, and even in the last act preceding his the issuing of our last number, but a particular
exit from time to eternity, a disposition to tyran- | notice thereof was necessarily deferred. And our
nise over and perpetually enslave his fellow crea-
limits are so narrow that we can, now,
tures! And yet, thousands, professing unbound- ||thing more than give the pamphlet a very brief re-
ed philanthropy, are sounding loud the note of || view.
admiration and praise, and earnestly pronouncing The Delegates, consisting of fifteen in number,
the most unqualified eulogiums upon his charac- || from New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Mary-
ler, without adverting to the dark and honor-| land, and Virginia, met on the 6th of June, in the
damning fact that, in a land of uniyersal liberty, || Wesleyan Church, Lombard-street, Philadelphia.
he was the willing oppressor—the hereditary en The meeting was organized by the election of
blaver—the unrepentant despot, who held in bon- || John Bowens President, William Whipper Secre-
dage during life, and ordered to be sold after death, || tary, and Thomas L. Jennings Assistant Secretary.
more than thirty human beings !!*
A committee was appointed to institute an in-
But enough :-We leave the reader to make || quiry into the condition of the free people of color
his or her own comments on the following extract in the U.S. &c. This committee subsequently
from his Will, which has been lately published in made a report, in which it is recommended to en-
the Philadelphia papers. After bequeathing to courage the Canadian Settlement ; to meet annu-
the City of New-Orleans “upwards of one thou- | ally in Convention to devise measures for general
sand arpens or acres of land, with the appurtenan- | improvement; to create a fund for the future use
ces and improvements thereon, and also all the l of the Convention; to memorialize the proper au-
personal estate thereto belonging, and thereon re thorities relative to certain grievances; to encou-
maining, including upwards of thirty slaves now on rage education, temperance, and economy; and,
said settlement, and their increase,” which estate finally, to protest against the measures of the A-
frican Colonizacion Society.
* Willing to give all credit wherever it is due,
Several white persons visited the Convention,
we cheerfully state, that he did emancipate one
slave—a woman, named Hannah-to whom he among whom were Rev. S. S. Jocelyn, of New-
bequeathed the sum of two hundred dollars per Haven; Arthur Tappan, of New-York; B. Lun-
year, during the term of her natural life.
dy, of Washington City; W. L. Garrison, of
do no-
>
5


138
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justicia Ruat Celum.
Boston; T. Shipley, and J. L. Pierce, of Phila- || delivered on that day, and collections taken and
delphia.
forwarded to the Treasurer at Philadelphia, for
A committee having been appointed to consi- | the general purposes of the Convention.” It was
der a proposition to establish a College, “on the also further resolved: “That the editors of the
Manual Labor System, by which, in connexion 'Genius of Universal Emancipation," "The Li-
with a scientific education,” the students may berator,' and 'African Sentinel,' are our tried
“also obtain a useful Mechanical or Agricultural friends, the fearless advocates of our rights, and
profession," reported in favor thereof, and also of | promoters of our best interests, and are entitled to
raising a fund of $20,000 for that purpose. They a prominent place in our affections—that the
likewise informed the convention that a benevo- | principles emanating from said presses, ought to
lent individual* had offered one thousand dollars be proclaimed throughout the world, and read by
towarıls it. They recommended the establish- every friend of the rights of man--and that we
ment of the institution at New-Ilaven, Connec:i- pledge ourselves to use all our influence in promot-
cut. The Report was received by the Conven-ing the support and circulation of such vehicles."
tion, and resolutions adopted to carry the proposi After recommending the people of color in the
tion into effect. Arthur Tappan was chosen for U. S. to discontinue all public processions, and
Treasurer, and the Rev. Samuel E. Cornish was passing a vote of gratitude to the Anti-Slavery
appointed general Agent, to collect funds. Vari- 1 Societies in America and Great Britain, the Con--"}
ous Committees were also nained to assist therein. vention adjourned, to meet again in Philadelphia,
A Conventional Board was organized, to attend on the first Monday in June, 1832.
The Board of Oficers has issued an excellent
to all necessary business during the recess of the
Convention. This Board will have a President, address to the public, on behalf of the Convention,
Secretary, Treasurer, &c., and meet, when occa-
which we shall notice more particularly at ano-
sion requires, in Philadelphia; but a Vice-Presi-ther time.
dent and Corresponding Secretary will reside in
each of the States represented.
VIRGINIA LEGISLATURE.
We have before noticed the movements in the
The formation of auxiliaries to this Convention Legislature of Virginia, relative to certain propo-
was recommended; and those Societies, organiz- sitions for the abolition of slavery. Many causes
ed for promoting the emigration to Canada, were
invited to become such.
have combined to awaken a spirit in the “ancient
Sundry Resolutions were adopteil-Ist, approv- the policy of her statesmen and citizens.
dominion,” that looks to this important change in
The
ing of a proposition by Junius C. Morel and John
P. Thompson, for establishing a weekly Journal writings of her Patrick Henry, her Jefferson, and
in Philadelphia; 2d, complimenting their white others; the efforts of sundry members of her late
friends for their attention ; 3d, recommending the
State Convention, among whom a Campbell, a
colored people of the United States " to set apart || labors and publications of various Societies, reli-
Johnson, and a Doddridge were conspicuous; the
the fourth day of July, as a DAY OF HUMILIATION, gious and philanthropic; and the circulation of
FASTING, AND PRAYER—and to beseech Almighty
God to interpose on [Their] beha!f, that the shackles periodicals, &c., devoted to an investigation of the
of slavery may be broken, and (their) sacred rights for the state of things here adverted to.
important subject, had measurably paved the way
obtained, † and that there be appropriate addresses late attempt at rebellion, on the part of sundry
- And the
*This individual was Arthur Tappan, of New- slaves, has convinced many, that the various ex-
York, whose liberality, in contributing to benevo- positions, predictions, and warnings, conveyed
lent and philanthropic purposes, is proverbial,
Few men living have, perhaps, distinguished through the channels above mentioned, were just
themselves in this way more than him. He has, delineations and faithful heralds, to arouse them
not only by this contribution, but also by many | from their wicked supineness, and induce them to
others, entitled himself to the enviable appellation guard against the impending danger by the remo-
of “ A FRIEND OF THE OPPRESSED.”
| An excellent idea, this!-- What will the ty-
val of its cause. It is hoped that the holy work,
rants of the “old world” say to the curious--nay, now begun, will continue to progress, until this
the ineffably ridiculous--spectacle, which this na-
tion will henceforth present on each anniversary the land of our Washington and Jefferson--may
fertile state, the land of the noble hearted—the
of its “glorious birth-day?"--Here we shall behold
one part of the population revelling amid ruined be freed from the blighted curse that withers her
palaces and castles; strewing around them the fairest flowers, turns her fertile fields to desert
broken links of slavery's chains; trampling the wastes, and converts her free institutions into the
fragments of mitres, crowns, and thrones; shout-
ing the triumphs of victory; waving the ensigns habiliments of sorrow, bathed in tears, and sup-
of freedom; and even offering up thanks and ado- plicating that same God, to deliver them from the
rations to Almighty God, for the overthrow of des- il grievous oppression inflicted by their brethren!!!
potism, and the blessings of LIBERTY which | -The theme would be worthy the pen of a
they enjoy:-while the other moity, equally en- || Shakspeare, and the scene the pencil of a Ho-
titled to every common privilege, is arrayed in the garth!


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
139
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
most odious aristocracies and grinding despotisms.is broken” in Virginia,—and we may now hope
A recent number of the Enquirer, a paper publish- that slavery will, ere long, be annihilated within
ed at Richmond, contains the stirring language her borders.—And not only so; but we may in-
exhibited in the following extract. Some of the dulge the pleasing anticipation, that rive more
ablest periodicals, both in Virginia and Kentucky, “FREE states” will soon adorn our splendid ga-
are warmly enlisting in the sacred cause. The laxy of genuine republican Commonwealths. The
work will go on!
District of Columbia, too, will then be disenthrall-
“ It is probable, from what we hear, that the ed, whatever may be the policy of an Adams or a
Committee on the colored population will report Doddridge !
(to the Legislature now in session) some plan for
getting rid of the free people of color--but is this
“The following resolution was to-day submit-
all that can be done? Are we for ever to suffer ted in the Select Committee, by Mr. Faulkner,
on
the greatest evil which can scourge our land, pot
We publish it for the pur-
only to remain, but to increase in its dimensions? | pose of apprising the public, that there will be le-
We may shut our eyes and avert our faces if we
gislative action on the great question which so
deeply concerns and engages all, and with a hope
please,' says an eloquent South Carolinian, on
that it may stimulate other counties to follow the
his return from the north a few weeks ago,) but
there it is, the dark and growing evil at our doors! I example of Loudon and Albemarle, and call pub-
and meet the question we must, at no distant day. I will of the people, and instructing their delegates.
meetings for the purpose of ascertaining the
God only knows what it is the part of wise men to
“Resolved, as the sense of this committee, that
do on that momentous and appalling subject ;* of
this I am very sure, that the difference--nothing the House, a scheme for the gradual emancipa.
they adopt and recommend to the consideration of
short of frightful--between all that exists on one
side of the Potomac, and all on the other, is owing scheme, however, shall steadily keep in view the
tion of the slaves of the Commonwealth; which
to that cause alone. The disease is deep seated ; || rights of the present proprietors of slaves, to the
it is at the heart's core; it is consuming, and has slaves now in esse, or an adequate compensation
all along been consuming our vitals; and I could
for their loss."
laugh, if I could laugh on such a subject, at the ig-
norance and folly of the politician, who ascribes [Since the foregoing was in type, we learn that
that to an act of the government, which is the in the Legislature have passed a resolution appro-
evitable effect of the eternal laws of nature. I priating $35,000 for the presenç year, and $90,000
What is to be done ? Oh! my God, I don't
know; but something must be done.'
for next year, for the purpose of promoting the
“Yes, something must be done-and it is the emigration of the free people of color in Virginia,
part of no honest man to deny it-of no free Press | besides $10,000 for the erection of a suitable
to affect to conceal it. When this dark popula: shelter for their reception in Liberia.-c.]
tion is growing upon us; when every new census
is but gathering its appalling numbers upon us;
when within a period equal to that in which this
Federal Constitution has been in cxistence, those
numbers will increase to more than two millions
We copy the following article from the Friend
in Virginia ;—when our sister States are closing or Advocate of Truth, published in Philadelphia.
their doors on our blacks for sale, and when our | It expresses our views clearly upon the question
whites are moving westwardly, in greater num-
at issue in the Legislature of Virginia. That the
bers than we like to hear of ;-when this, the fair-
est land on all this continent, for soil and climate subject now agitated in the slaveholding states is
and situation combined, might become a sort of one of greater importance than any thing which
garden spot if it were worked by the hands of | has claimed their attention since the revolution,
white men alone; can we, ought we, to sit quietly
down, fold our arms, and say to each other:
our readers will readily admit.
Well, well! this thing will not come to the worst
The frankness with which the debate has been
in our day. We will leave it to our children, and carried on, is highly creditable to the representan
grandchildren, and great-grandchildren, to take
tives of the people of Virginia--and the feeling,
care of themselves and brave the storm!' Is this
to act the part of wise men? Heaven knows we
with which the most thorough anti-slavery doca
are no fanatics;-we detest the madness which trines have been received by the public press in
actuated the Amis des Noirs.---But something that section is extraordinary, when we consider
ought to be done—means sure, but gradual, sys- | the state of the public mind, in that respect,
tematic, but discreet, ought to be adopted, for re-
ducing the mass of evil which is pressing upon the twelve months ago. It is truly a most wonderful
south, and will still more press upon her, the long- revolution ; and as revolutions never retrograde,
er it is put off.”
something honorable to the age and our country
The Richmond Whig, of the 2d inst. contains
must be the result.
the remarks and Resolutions below. “ The ice
“The time has at length arrived when the sla-
* Not exactly so !--God has informed all “wisevery of the African race is acknowledged to be a
men” what to do in such a case.
question of engrossing interest and importance by
Well confessed :—but had a "yankee” said statesmen and politicians in the south. The spell
80, in South Carolina, he might have got his head has been broken which sealed the lips of the ora-
broke for it!
tor, and restrained the effusions of reason and hu-
“ No fanatics !"-We would ask Thomasmanity. Slavery has been denounced in the le-"
Ritchie, how long it is since he could brand every gislative hall of Virginia, as a violation of the sa-
one as a “fanatic,” who had the courage to say cred and inalienable rights of man. A compari-
a word in favor of African emancipation "Noson has been made between the progress of wealth
fanaties," indeed !-G. U. E.
and population in the free and slaveholding states,
S
VIRGINIA.
E!
3
A.


140
GENICS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Culum.
And the rapid advancement of the former, compar- || did not believe such a character was to be found
ed with the latter, has been traced to its true cause. || in the Eastern States.'
The question of abolition has been fearlessly met, “ . It is utterly impossible for us to avoid the
and the acknowledgment openly and honorably consideration of this subject, which forces itself
made, that something must be done, or Virginia will upon our view, in such a manner that we cannot
be deserted by her best and most intelligent citi- || avoid it. As well might the apostle have ai-
zens. We rejoice in beholding our sister state alive tempted to close his eyes against the light which
to the evils which are paralyzing her energies, and shone upon him from heaven, or to have turned a
undermining the foundations of her prosperity.- deaf ear to the name which reached him from on
And more especially we rejoice in the hope of yet high, as for this assembly to try to stifle the spirit
seeing some measures adopted, which may avert of inquiry which is abroad in this land, as to the
the impending calamities which must inevitably best means of freeing the state from the curse of
result from a blind adherence to the present sys- | slavery. The monstrous consequences which arise
tem. A few short extracts will show the absolute from the existence of slavery, have become expos-
necessity that something should be done, to relieve ed to open day; the dangers arising from it stare us
Virginia from the burden and the curse of slavery. | in the face, and it becomes us as men, as freemen,
"Can we remain insensible to the startling and the representatives of freemen, rather to meet
fact, that the increase of our slave population is and overcome them, than to attempt to escape by
even now rooting out our free white yeomanry, evading them.'—More's Speech in the House of Dé-
who are leaving the fair fields of their native legates.
country for the west ; and is it too much to pre-
“He then goes into an examination, in detail,
dict that in fifty years its excess over the whites
of the effects of slavery upon the white popula-
will be so great, that the lower and middle divi- tion, as well as its degrading and demoralizing in-
sions of the state must, by the natural operation of Auence upon the slave, and shows that in the one
circumstances, (to say nothing of violence,), be it produces a conscious feeling of violated rights,
abandoned entirely by the latter, or maintained in which induces him to regard it no fault to appro-
a condition of abject wretchedness, with their few | priate any part of the master's property, to his
remaining proprietors crying in vain—-save us
own use; and in the other an indisposition to
from the body of this death'-remove this intole- engage in the cultivation of the soil, that species
rable curse ?"--Norfolk Herald.
of labour upon which the prosperity of every coun-
« «Virginia, the much loved, the venerated mo- try chiefly depends. He presents some very im-
ther of us all, from being the first state in the portant statistical views of the rapid increase of
great confederacy, is now the third, positively the the slave population, in the eastern counties, and
fourth; and her declining fortunes have long been consequent declension of the efficient yeomanry,
the source of melancholy reflection to her patriot- which are the strength and security of every state.
ic sons.
What, sir, is the cause of this decline? || The contrast in the condition of the free and
Whatever others may think, to my mind it is slaveholding states is fully admitted, and the true
clear, that the answer to this interrogatory is, her cause assigned. “We learn,' he observes, 'from
slave population. Hinc illæ lachrymæ. Here lies those who have ample means of deciding, that the
the source of all her misfortunes. This prevented situation of the yeomanry of the middle and north-
her onward march pari passu with her sister states ern states, is in every respect, different from that
in their career of improvement. Does any gen- of the same class of people in the slaveholding
tleman doubt this ??--Powell's Speech in the House states. There the farmer cultivates the land with
of Delegates.
his own hands, which produces all the necessa-
“The following picture is drawn hy another ries, and many of the comforts of life, in abun-
member of the House of Delegates.
dance. He rears up his children in habits of in-
“So exhausted is our soil--so depressed our dustry, unexposed to the allurements of vice, and,
markets, and so dear is slave labour, that it is as instead of being a burden, they assist him in his
much as the master can do to clothe and feed his labors. If, sir, we compare the face of the coun-
slaves--nay, sir, often more than he can do; for, try in Virginia, with that of the Northern States,
if you will go into the credit stores and pop-shops,
we shall find the result greatly to the disadvan-
with which the whole country is thronged, you tage of the former. We shall see the Old Do-
will find that, with very few exceptions, the slave | minion, though blessed by nature, with all the ad-
holder has there become very deeply entangled-- vantages of a mild climate, a fruitful soil, and
the embarrassment mainly incurred to clothe and fine navigable rivers, gradually declining in all
feed his slaves. The slave is clothed and fed that that constitutes national wealth.
he may labor for victuals and clothes a beauti “The picture of slavery in Virginia, it will be
ful operation! Thus, sir, the master of the slave seen, is more highly colored, and tinged with
absolutely belongs to the merchants, and has to deeper shades, by her own statesmen, than by
labor--and labor hard for their benefit. He is the abolitionists of the north. Their eyes are
literally their bondsman. Finally, when they opened to a full perception of their condition, and
have abstracted from him all they can, his account the conviction of the necessity of applying an ade-
is put in the lawyer's hand for collection, and he quate remedy, is deep and strong; Whatever
has to raise the money or go to jail. Then steps || may be the immediate result of the discussion
forward the paper shaver, another
fungus of our now pending in the legislature of Virginia, it can-
present condition, and kindly proffers the money not fail to be ultimately productive of some mea-
at thirty-three and a third per cent. Thus the poor sures for abolishing slavery. It is, however, to
master is finally stripped of all he has, to swell be feared that whatever measures may be adopt-
the importance of these gentry. The very fact, || ed will be connected with some plan of coloniza-
sir, that we see such cattle daily springing into tion, which will greatly lessen their utility. A
importance from the dregs of society--he did not law declaring all children of slaves, born after a
mean by dregs of society, the poor, but honest | fixed period, free, and providing for their educa-
man--no, but he meant men lost to honor, virtue, tion, without any specific provisions respecting
and to common honesty--this, he said, was their future location, would more effectually re-
proof of the necessity of a change in our condi- | lieve the state from her present embarrassments,
tion. We have been taught from our infancy to than any scheme of colonization in Africa, or else
chime the stale tune of 'Yankee tricks, but he ll where.
1
a
2


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
141
MARYLAND,
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
“It is well known that the colored people of this emigration of free blacks from other states into
country generally are opposed to emigration to Pennsylvania. But we presume nothing further
Africa. They have as strong attachments to the will be done in the premises. We cannot suppose
land of their birth as ourselves, and are not easi- that Pennsylvania, the first state in the union to
ly reconciled to being separated from their native proclaim freedom to the slave, will now descend
country, an:/ transported to a foreign land. Even from that high moral standing which she has al-
the Virginians themselves are not willing to part ways occupied among her sister states, by deny-
with their free people of color. Memorials have ing to any class of men, on account of a difference
been presented to the legislature from some of the of complexion, those privileges which her consti-
counties, remonstrating against sending them out tution and her laws have guaranteed as the com-
of the state. They are too important and useful mon right of all men. We cannot believe that
a class of laborers to be spared. Many of them she will now stain her statute book with any law,
are tradesmen, or mechanics, whose places could founded on difference in color, unequal in its ope-
not be supplied by white men; and their import- ration, and unjust in its principles."
ance, therefore, in the neighborhoods in which
they reside, is fully understood. Besides, none of
them have been inplicated in the late insurrec-
tions and murders. They have remained quiet | mittee of the Legislature of Maryland has been
From a late paper it appears that a joint com-
and peaceable during the disturbances among the
slaves; and in some instances they have been the appointed to investigate and report on the condi-
means of preserving the lives of the whites. The tion of that State in reference to its colored popu-
sober and reflecting part of the citizens of the lation.”
south, therefore, perceive that no danger is to be The example of Virginia is like to have an
apprehended from their residence among them;
but their usefulness presents the strongest induce awakening tendency : the fearless manner in
ments for retaining them. If the Virginia and which the subject of slavery has been handled in
Maryland legislatures, contrary to the principles the legislature of the “Old Dominion,” cannot but
of sound morality and true policy, should pass arouse the entire country which is “cursed with
any obnoxious law for the expulsion of their free
people of color, such a law would be a dead letter slavery,” to a sense of its real condition. One
upon their statute books. The good sense of | opinion appears to be held in common—“some-
their citizens, motives of interest and of humanity | thing must be done” to purge the country of that
towards an unoffending class, would prevent the greatest of all earthly ills—or all will be lost.-
execution of such a law.
From this state of feeling we cannot but antici-
“A resolution has been offered to the legisla-pate, that the day is near, when the much abused
Cure of Pennsylvania, directing the committee on
the judiciary system to inquire into the expedien- and deeply degraded colored race, will receive a
cy of making some provision for preventing the little justice at the hands of the whites.
A.
THE CENSUS FOR 1830.
In page 99 of this work, we gave the aggregate of the population of the United States, accompa-
nied by some remarks, from a contemporary print, on the longevity of the African descendants, &c.
Below we insert a Table, representing the numbers of the various classes, by States. And here we
would make, at this time, one single observation of our own, viz.-Let the reader first consider that
the black or colored population is principally located near the seacoast ;-then look at Virginia ! -
Louisiana !!-South Carolina !!!
STATES.
Whites,
Free
Colored.
Slaves.
Total.
Population
to be repre-
sented.
Maine,...
New-Hampshire,
Vermont,
Massachusetts,
Rhode Island,
Connecticut,
New-York,
New-Jersey,
Pennsylvania,
Delaware,
Maryland,
Virginia,
North Carolina,
South Carolina,
Georgia,
Alabama,
Mississippi,
Louisiana,
Tennessee,
Kentucky,
Ohio,..
Indiana,
Illinois,
Missouri,
398,255
268,910
279,794
603,008
93,63]
289,624
1,868,382
300,226
1,309,296
57,605
291,093
694,445
472,433
257,878
296,614
190,171
70,618
89,379
537,930
518,678
928,093
338,020
155,176
114,552
1,207
623
885
7,006
3,565
8,064
45,080
18,307
37,990
15,829
52,942
47,103
19,575
7,915
2,483
1,541
529
16,753
4,513
4,816
9,586
5,562
1,653
516
399,462
269,533
280,679
610,014
14 97,210
23 297,711
46 1,913,672
2,246 320,779
386 1,347,672
3,305 76,739
102,878 446,913
469,724 | 1,211,272
246,462 738,470
315,665 581,458
217,407 516,504
117,494 309,206
65,659 136,806
109,659 215,791
142,379 684,822
165,350 688,844
937,679
341,582
746 157,575
24,956 140,081
399,462
269,533
280,679
610,014
97,204
297,701
1,913,489
405,761
1,347,517
75,417
405,761
1,023,382
639,885
455,192
429,541
262,208
110,542
171,927
627,870
622,704
937,679
341,582
157,276
130,089


142
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
MEXICO.
LIBERTY OR DEATH.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
ated his feelings from those whom God had ap-
It
appears that a great degree of liberality | pointed him to serve.”
exists in Mexico, relative to religious matters. || the Greensboro (N. C.) Patriol” makes the very
Upon this abominable heterodoxy, the editor of
An attempt was recently made to pay soine pertinent remarks below. It should be mention-
distinguished marks of respect to one of the ed, that the present editor of the “Patriot” is
Bishops, which occasioned a little criticism in | William Swain, a native of North Carolina,
one of the public papers. One of the ortho- | and, for a short time (a few years since) assistant
dor Generals undertook to punish the editor. || editor of the Genius of Universal Emancipation.-
This produced a great excitement, and even It is gratifying to perceive that our friend Swaim
an insurrectionary movement in that section | still dares to speak out pretty freely, since the
of country, which could be quelled only by Legislature of that State applied its fetters and
muzzle to the Press. After noticing the subject,
some popular concessions. The reign of su-
somewhat in detail, and applying the language of
perstition and priestcraft is over in Mexico.
the Declaration of Independence to the doctrines
of slavites, he concludes, as follows:
BRAZIL
“ Now if God appointed' one part of the hu-
This country, despotic as we call it, will be
man race to be subservient to another, then those
rid of the evil of slavery long before our bless- | sages who pledged their lives, their fortunes and
ed "republican," "christian” nation. By a their sacred honor to sustain the principle that
late law, all slaves imported from Africa into all men are equal, must have been fools, and
were acting under the influence of a sickly and
that country, are to be free. The importers false humanity! The inference is irresistible.
are to sufier corporeal punishment, and also || asserted that “slavery is of divine appointment
This is the second time we have heard it gravely
pay a fine of $200 for each slave so introdu- but we are not entirely converted to the doctrine
ced. Sluvites! lowk about you—the whip| yeti, nor do we ever expect to be while we have
confidence in the justice of God, or the radical
is to be applied to your own backs!!
principles of our government,
"Every man, who is neither a priest, nor has
been priest-ridden, both of which classes believe
It is stated in an Ohio paper, that a colored that all things are of 'God's appointment,' will at
once admit that slavery is wrong in principle.
nian, who had "eloped" from slavery in Ken- | And what surprises us most is, that a writer
tucky, was seized at Dayton, in that state, by amidst the ruins of Fayetteville, should charge
the man claiming hin as his “ property," and of the scriptures—which is admitted to be of the
God with a sin which is condemned in every part
threw himself from an upper story of a house, most aggravated nature, even by reprobates and
by which he was killed.
which has spread the most desolating contagion
through our state! It would seem from the na-
ture of this charge against Omnipotence, and the
GOOD CONDUCT OF SLAVES-ABOMINABLE
circumstances under which it was made, that in
SENTIMENTS.
the midst of their despondency, they had deter-
Since the great fire, ac Fayetteville, N. C. which || mined to take the advice of old Job's wife-that
a few months ago desolated the town, the papers is, “to curse God and die !
of that place have been induced to notice the good they are, at this time, destitute of the means of
“ We should not stop here, if it were not that
conduct of the slaves and free colored people, as defence. Had they not given utterance to the sen-
manifested upon that occasion. One of them (the timent since the day of their calamity, we should
“Observer") remarks as follows:-
revolt at the idea of repelling it in such a way as
to criminate them; but if they can find type
“As a circumstance highly creditable to the cha- enough to propagate a false maxim, they certain-
racter of our colored population, it ought not to be ly can find enough to defend it. We hope they
forgotten, that among the discoveries of goods pil- | will soon be permanently re-established in busi-
fered during and immediately after the fire, we
have not heard of a single instance of any thing | sentiment if they dare!”
ness; and then let them give utterance to such a
being found in the possession of a negro."
The annexed paragraph also appeared in one
of the Fayetteville papers, about the same time,
This subject, it is well known, attracted the al-
which, though bearing the most favorable testi- || tention of a large number of the enlightened ci-
mony to the meritorious conduct of the people of tizens of Great Britain, long before it was scarce-
color, contains an assumption of alınost a blas-ly thought of in these States. The London “ A-
phemous character:-
“The slaves and ot':er colored population, de- | celebrated Granville Sharp, planted the Colony
frican Institulion,” at the head of which was the
serve great credit for their conduct on that event-
ful day.
There was nothing like riot or disorder of Sierra Leone, many years since, on the west-
among them, but they all seemed to work with a ern coast of Africa.
Great calculations were
zeal and intrepidity which manifested a hearty | made of the effect it would have in destroying
sympathy, and that devotion to the interest of their | the Slave Trade; and, for
masters so remarkable in the African character,
number of years,
before a sickly and a folse humanity had instilled the philanthropists of England were as sanguine
into his bosom the poison of discontent, and alien. Il in their hopes, in this particular, as are any of the
AFRICAN COLONIZATION,
1


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
143
Fiat Justitia Ruta Cælum.
T
most active members of our“ American Coloniza “The duty of the United States to them, is
tion Society,” now. But at length it was discover the same exactly as we owe to our colored fellow-
ed, by those who watched the progress of events, || by letting them go free, by placing them beneath
subjects in our slave colonies, viz. to obey God,
that the "abolition of the slave trade” could not
wise and
equitable laws, and by loving them all,
be accomplished by measures of this nature, aid- and treating them like brethren: that is to say,
ed by any other system of foreign operations. || the unquestionable duty of the people of the Uni-
ted States is to emancipate their 2,000,000 slaves,
Clarkson frankly admitted, in an able treatise || and to raise the 500,000 free colored people to that
published in the year 1824, that they had failed | estimation in their native country which is due to
to realize their expectations; and he then urged
them.
the necessity of turning the public attention to
“But the American Colonization Society de-
the general abolition of slavery, as the only efficient and confines itself to the colonization in Africa of
liberately rejects both of these first great duties,
means of putting an end to the foreign traffic in the free colored people. They say, in page 5, of
human flesh.
their 13th Report, 'To abolition she could not
look-and need not look.' It could do nothing
For more than ten years, we have advocated in the slave states for the cause of humanity;' and
the principle here recognized, as the true basis of || in page 8, Emancipation, with the liberty to
rational calculation in matters connected with the
remain on this side of the Atlantic, is but an
act of dreamy madness.'”
subject before us. And while we rejoice at the
prospect of civilizing and christianizing that long || that in “letting the great crime of Negro Slave.
He then reasons upon the subject, and insists
benighted quarter of the globe, and approve the
efforts of the Colonization Society, so far as they | less mument for “the great and sacred duty of
ry alone,” and substituting an act of infinitely
took to the removal of the southern colored people, || right, which they owe to all,” they injure the
SOLELY WITH THEIR OWN CONSENT, and their set-
cause of truth and justice. After making some
tlement in a way that will better their condition,-
pointed observations upon this topic, he proceeds:
yet we have never reposed the least faith in the
“ The American Colonization Society is beau-
efficiency of that scheme, either for the eradica- | tiful and beneficial as far as it supports the cause
tion of slavery from the American soil, or the ex commenced at Sierra Leone, by introducing in-
tinction of the murderous traffic on the high seas.
to Africa, civilization, commerce, and genuine
It is, in fact, the extreme of folly to depend upon | Trade--and by serving in love the emigrants who
christianity--by checking the African Slave
& measure which, applied to such a magnificent choose to pass to Liberia.
purpose, is so insignificant anu futile in its
opera-
“But it powerfully tends to veil the existing
tions—so palpably inadequate to the attainment and outrageous atrocity of Negro Slavery; and
it corroborates against the people of color, whe-
of the grand object in view.
ther enslaved or free, one of the most base,
These remarks were elicited by the perusal of groundless, and cruel prejudices, that has ever
an article written by Captain Charles Stuart, | disgraced the powerful, or afflicted the weak.
“The following calculations may throw fur-
and recently published in England, criticising the ther light upon the subject.
views and proceedings of the “American Colo “ The United States have about 2,000,000
nization Society.” It was received, a few weeks slaves, and about 500,000 free coloured people.
“The American Colonization Society has ex-
since, from a gentleman in New-York, who re-
isted for 13 years, and has exported yearly, up-
quested its publication in this work. The great on an average, about 150 persons.
length of the article forbids its insertion entire ;
“ Meanwhile the natural yearly incrcase has
been 56,000 souls; and nearly a million have
but we give some extracts, which embrace the died in slavery!!
main points and principal cogency of the argu “But it may be said this is only the beginning
-more may be expected hereafter. Let us see.
“The average price of transporting each in-
The writer commences with a brief historical dividual, is calculated at 30 dollars: suppose it
account of the Society, thus:
to be reduced to 20, and then, as 56,000 must
“This Society was formed in the U. States, || increase, 1,120 000 dollars would be yearly re-
be exported yearly, in order, merely to prevent
in 1817.
Where is
“Its 13th Annual Report has just reached this I quisite, simply for transportation.
this vast sum to come from? Or suppose it
country.
“Its object as expressed by itself (see 13th Re- || supplied, still, in the mass of crime and wreich-
port, page 41, app. 9, art. 2,) • Is in promote and | edness, as it now exists, there would be no de
Two millions of human beings every
execute a plan for colonizing the free people of || 30 years would still be born and die in Slavery!!
color, residing in the United States,' in Africa,
“But perhaps you wish to extinguish the
or such other place as Congress shall deem most
crime in thirty years.
expedient.
“Then you must begin by transporting at
" The facts of the case are these :
"1. That the United States have about 2,000,- | inust have an annual income of upwards of 2,-
least 100,000 yearly. In order to do this, you
000 enslaved blacks.
“ 2. That they have about 500,000 free blacks. 000,000 dollars, and if you have not only to
“3. That both these classes are rapidly in Iransport
, but also to purchase, you would pro-
hably want yearly, twinly milions more!!-
creasing.
Where are you to get this ?"*
“4. That both are exceedingly depressed and
degraded.
* In jaztice to the members of the Colonization
ment.
8


144
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
2,000,000 500,000 56,000
States.
United
in the
of slaves
Number Number
persons.
coloured
of free
of both.
increase
Yearly
We shall not vouch for the correctness of all
very few, comparatively, would find employment,
the author's estimates. In the aggregate, they || by which they could procure even the actual ne-
are believed to be far below the mark. No cal- cessaries of life, immediately on their arrival. He
culation is made for the expenses of clothing, me concludes by a recapitulation of his statement of
dicines, working tools, implements of husbandry, expenditures, in the following :-
beasts of burden, building of houses, furniture,
cooking utensils, provisions until they can raise
something for their subsistence, and the number-
less, nameless et ceteras required for the use of
those who settle in an unimproved country, where
Society, many of whom we highly esteem, as
genuine philanthropists, we here insert an extract
from an Address recently delivered before the
Lynchburgh (Va.) Auxiliary Association, by
Charles L. Mosely. His calculations look well,
on paper ;-and "19," as he says, all that he
proposes could be accomplished, the work might
Transported yearly
go on in accordance with his views! But what
by A. C. S.
evidence have we, that the stony heart of ava-
rice, in this republic, will yield to the requisition?
Total transported in
None, NONE !
13 years by A. C. S.
"The whole population of the United States, is
estimated at something more than 12,000,000 of
human beings. The relative proportions of white
and black population are as ten to two. If we
could transport annually to the shores of Africa,
an amount of black population exactly equal to
its increase (which is about 50,000 a year) while
the whites were left to multiply uninterruptedly,
then at the end of twenty-five years (the period
Average expense of
of duplication) the result would be thus: The
transporting each.
white population will have increased to its full
amount, and perhaps to a greater, by reason of
the vacuum formed in society by the withdraw-
al of the increase of the blacks, while the black
population, which cannot increase, or rather,
whose increase is constantly taken off, will be
most sensibly diminished, so that the relative pro-
portions between these two elasses will no lon-
ger be as ten to two, but actually, or nearly,
as twenty to one. If this process were continu-
ed a second term of duplication, it would pro-
duce the extraordinary result of 40 white men to
one black in the country—a state of things in
which we should not only cease to feel the bur-
dens which now hang heavily upon us, but ac-
tually, regard the poor African as an object of
curiosity, and not uneasiness. This purpose can
be effected (always supposing that the demands of
the Society for transportation will be supplied by vo-
luntary emancipation) by an annual expenditure
of $1,000,000 This sum can be raised by a
Time that slavery
contribution of 10 cents a head upon our white
10ould still last.
population. How paltry the sum!
How grand
the object! If the attention of all the Legisla-
tures of the slaveholding States, could be duly
awakened on the subject, their appropriations,
added to the voluntary offerings of the patriot
and philanthropist, would amply meet the re-
quisite expenditure. Why should we doubt it ?
We hear the evils of slavery echoed from north
to south--from east to west. The universal
U. S. TROOPS IN THE SLAVE STATES.
voice of the nation is heard lamenting the curse, We have said that, as the United States go-
which has been entailed upon us, without our vernment is bound to assist the individual slave.
wish or agency, by our ancestors.
empty sound—an idle profession, without mean-
Is it an holding States (when necessary) in quelling slave
ing? Let us not libel the virtue and goodness insurrections, the people, in every portion of the
of our country by so unworthy a supposition-Union, are interested in the general abolition of
let us strive to make known the principles of slavery, by which means, alone, the necessity of
our Society, and the purposes it seeks to effect, their ultimate interference will be certainly obvi-
and we may then confidently expect that cheer-
ing and animating support which a good cause
ated. We do not say that the government of one
Always receives from a great people."
State should dictate to another, in this matter; but
* Little more than half the average price of a grown slave.-Ed. G. U. Eman.
150 2000 728,000 | 726,000 20 1,120,000 2,000,000 20,000,000 22,000,000 30
“SYNOPSIS OF PRECEDING CALCULATIONS.
100,000
yearly. ed.
at 56,000 transport-
13 years, over
crease in increase
Total in- Excess of
Dolsj 56,000.
Screase of
the an.
porting
Expense Expense
years.
very in 30
guish sla-
in order
porting
nual in- jto extin. 200 dollars* purchase of
of trans of trans- Purchase of Expense of
each.
yearly, at
100,000
yearly.
100,000
tion and
transporta-
Yrs.
men, and
Men, Wo-
very.
perish in sla-
would still
Number that
2,000,000"|
Children.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
145
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
we insist that all should aid in the accomplish-tress Monroe to guard that city and its vicinity,
ment of the desirable object, as far as possible, and to quiet the apprehensions of the citizens of
that quarter generally. The necessity of their
consistently with the constitutional regulations of
remaining any longer at that position having ceas-
the Republic.
ed, the company was ordered to Bellona Arsenal,
But we have been told that no probability ex-
where it relieved the company of the 1st regiment
ists of a speedy call upon the citizens of the non-
of artillery, which had been long stationed there.
The relieved company was ordered to Fortress
slaveholding states; and that they cannot be di- Monroe.
rectly interested until that takes place. Waiving “During the excitement which prevailed, in con,
for the present, a discussion of sundry proposi- sequence of the disorderly conduct evinced by the
tions, from the New-York Courier and Enquirer Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina, the gar-
colored population in the States of Delaware,
ánd other Journals in the slaveholding interest, rison of Fortress Monroe was augmented by five
which have advocated the increase of the Standing companies, drawn from the northern posts on the
Army, for the purpose of stationing U. States troopsposable force, to afford protection to such parts
seaboard, with a view of having at hand a dis-
at the south to keep the slaves in check, we copy the of the country as might require it—that fortress
following extract of a letter, to show that very being so situated as to possess all the requisite
recently, a case in point has actually occurred. — facilities for promptly entering into any part of
the country, where there was any probability
Our readers will make their own comments.
All
that the presence of a military force might be ne-
we ask of them is, to reflect upon the subject. The cessary. The concentration of so large n portion
letter is dated “Trent Bridge, N. C. Nov. 21.”
of the artillery at Fortress Monroe, afforded, at
“The U. States troops in Newbern are ordered
the same time, the advantage of practising their
to return to Fortress
Monroe; it being supposed appropriate duties on an enlarged scale, that post
there is no longer any danger’to be apprehended. being the established school of artillery?”
It seems to be generally believed now, that no ac-
Lual danger has existed at any time: and had it
"NOT INTERESTED.".
not been for the tragedy, in Southampton, none
Are the people of the United States, generally
would in all probability have been feared.
“Not a single arrest has taken place in New-
“not interested” in the abolition of slavery ?
bern, and the black population have conducted What thinkest thou, gentle reader, of the follow-
themselves in the most orderly manner." ing, from the Spectator, a paper published at New-
Since writing the above, we have read the Re- bern, North Carolina !—The article is dated Dec.
port of the Major General of the U. S. Army, to 16th, 1831.--
the Secretary of War, for the past year. We “We understand that the President has compli-
extract the following paragraphs, as an ample ed with the Ladies' request, and ordered a com-
Text, for the commentary of our readers. Will | pany of U. S. troops to march for this place.
Without debating the necessity of the measure,
any now say, they “ are not interested” in the ge-
or discussing the Ladies' want of confidence in the
neral abolition of slavery ?
prowess of their natural protectors, implied in the
“Representations were made to the Department application, we cannot but'applaud the ready
of War, by the authorities of Louisiana, that a courtesy of the President.”
disposition was manifested by the people of color
in that State to revolt, and that the presence of a
PREVENTION OF SLAVE INSURRECTIONS.
military force in New Orleans was, in their opi-
nion, necessary to ensure order, and to allay the
No. IV.
apprehensions of the inhabitants. The command Taking leave of Clarkson's very interesting
ing officer of the troops at Baton Rouge was in- publication, we now copy from a pamphlet, issu-
structed to proceed to the city of New-Orleans
and confer with the Governor of the State, and ed by the English Anti-Slavery Society, an ac-
the authorities of the city, in reference to the sub count of the state of things in the island of Trini.
ject, and to adopt such measures as would be pro- dad, a short time since. Among other important
per and satisfactory. Orders were given to the
troops at the contiguous posts to be held in readi- items of information, this pamphlet presents us
ness in case of necessity, and two companies of with a view of the condition of the free colored
Infantry were stationed in the city with an extra part of the laboring population, commencing with
quantity of arms.
“ In the month of August, a partial but sudden
a large number who had been suddenly emanci-
insurrection of the negroes in the county of South- pated. We take a few extracts, as follows:-
ampton, Va. took place, the intelligence of which "In the year 1814, a large British
being communicated by the Mayor of Norfolk to
the commandant of Fortress Monroe, a detach- squadron, having on board a powerful
ment of that garrison, consisting of three compa- land force, made a descent on different
nies of artillery, under a field officer, was forth-parts of the coast of the southern United
with ordered to the seat of the disturbances, where States. During these expeditions, some
they arrived in the course of twenty-four hours, a
distance of sixty miles. The insurrection having hundreds of American slaves joined the
been quelled, the detachment returned to its quar- || British standard by invitation. When the
ters at Fortress Monroe.
“On the application of the authorities of New about disposing of these.
campaign was over, a difficulty occurred
It was at
bern, in North Carolina, under the excitement
which prevailed after the late disturbances in length determined to fix them in Trinidad,
Southampton, a company was detailed from For- || as free laborers. But an objection was


146
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
ces.
started by the planters against receiving ployed by foreigners, this accounts for
them. They were sure that no free ne their succeeding better than our country.
gro would ever work for hire, and that, men, who are principally from the old isl.
therefore, they would support themselves ands, and are unaccustomed to any other
by plunder. Sir Ralph Woodford the go-management than that of slaves; howe.
vernor, however, resisted these prejudi-ver, they are coming into it fast; and it is
He received them into the island, the general opinion, that if no importation
and settled them where he supposed the is allowed, the slaves will soon give way.
experiment could be most safely made. to a free population."
The result has shown his discernment.
We have much more interesting information
These men are now earning their own from the various islands in the West Indies, tend-
livelihood, and with so much industry and ing to confirm the statements heretofore submitted
good conduct, that the calumnies origin-to our readers; but we shall now take a view of
ally spread against them have entirely | the state of things in the neighboring country of
died away. Their number in 1816 when Mexico, as it existed previous to the abolition of
they were settled, was 774, men, women slavery in the sugar districts, and also as we find
and children. The official return of the it subsequent to that period. The best, and most
number of these settlers, at the close of authentic article, that we can at present offer for
1824, was 923, being an increase, in eight the perusal of the reader, is an extract of a letter
years, of 149, at the rate of about 2 1-2 from the British Envoy in Mexico, to his Govern-
per cent. per annum; while the slaves, on ment, in the year 1829. This valuable informa-
the same island, have been decreasing at tion was embodied in the Report of a Committee,
the rate of 2 3-4 per cent. per annum. to the American Convention for the Abolition of
Mr. Mitchell, the superintendent of these Slavery, at its biennial session held at the city of
free negroes,
himself a sugar planter, who Washington, in December, 1829. We copy the
had resided in Trinidad for 27 years, says | whole Report, which closes with some observa-
he knows of no instance of a manumitter i tions in addition to the extract above alluded to.-
slave not being able to maintain himself.
Washington, Dec. 11th, 1829.
Their easy circumstances rendering them To THE AMERICAN CONVENTION :
independent, though they are ready to The Committee, appointed to procure
work for hire on sugar estates from sun- | information in relation to the culture of su-
rise to sunset, yet they will not submit togar, cotton, &c., on this continent hy free
the toil of the slave, who in many instan- || labor,--
es, is forced to work 18 hours out of the Respectfully slate,—That owing to the
24. The manunnitted slaves who do not inadequacy of the means to make the re-
cultivate their own ground, generally ||quisite investigations, your Coinmittee has
work as journeymen tradesmen. They not been able since the last session of the
are generally observant of the marriage Convention to acquire much information
tie. The women are careful of their child or any farther general facts. The follow-
dren, and feed and clothe them well; and ing notice of the cultivation of sugar in
they attend closely to their domestic con- Mexico, to which your committee then
The free settlers enjoy the rest of briefly adverted, has been obtained through
Sunday, and never work in their grounds; the medium of the London Anti-Slavery
they generally hear a lecture from one of Monthly Reporter for August, 1829.
their preachers; and pass the rest of the is an extract of a letter from Mr. Ward,
day quietly.
Mexican Envoy of the British Govern-
"In the Island of Trinidad, there are ment, to the Right Honorable George
upwards of 15,000 free people of color. Canning, viz.
There is not a single pauper amongst
"Verico, March 13, 1826.
them. They live independently and com Sir, --The possibility of introducing a
fortably, and nearly half of the property | system of free labor into the West India
of the island is said to be in their hands. I-lands having been so much discussed in
It is admitted by all, that they are highly England, I conceived that it might not be
respectable in character, and are rapidly uninteresting to His Majesty's Govern-
advancing in knowledge and refinement.” | ment to receive some details respecting
It is stated in a recent co:
mnunication the result of the experiment in this coun-
from Trinidad, "that the most work is try, where it certainly has had a fair trial.
done by free blacks and people from the “I accordingly took advantage of Mr.
main, at a much cheaper rate than by | Morier's prolonged stay here to visit the
slaves; and as these are generally ero-ll Valley of Cuernavaca, and Cuantla Amil.
cerns.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
147
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
11
03.1
SFEE
edia
7
pas, which supplies a great part of the there was not a single slave in the year
federation with sugar and coffee, although 1808.
not a single slave is at present employed “ The policy of the measure became
in their cultivation,
still more apparent on the breaking out of
"I have the honor to enclose a sketch | the revolution in 1810.
of the observations which I was enabled "The planters who had not adopted
to make upon this journey, together with the system of gradual emancipation be-
such details as I have thought best calcu- fore that period saw themselves abandon-
lated to show both the scale upon which ed, and were forced, in many instances,
these estates are worked, and the com to give up working their estates, as their
plete success with which the abolition of slaves took advantage of the approach of
slavery has, in this instance, been attend the insurgents to join them en masse ;
ed.
while those who had provided themselves
"The valley which extends almost un with a mixed cast of free laborers, retain-
interruptedly from Cuernavaca to Cuant-| ed, even during the worst times, a suffi-
la Amilpas and Jyncar (covering a space cient number of men to enable them to
of about forty miles,) is situated on the continue to cultivate their lands, although
road to Acapulco, at the foot of the first | upon a smaller scale."
range of mountains by which the descent The same work for September, 1829,
from the Table Land towards the south- || speaking of free and slave labor, remarks:
west commences, about fifty miles from
"The controversy is fast tending to its
the Capital.
termination. The march of events will
“ It is about 2,000 feet lower than the scarcely leave room much longer, either
Table Land of Mexico. The difference for misrepresentation or misapprehension.
of temperature is proportionably great, so The facilities already given in Bengal by
that two days are sufficient to transport | Lord W. Bentinck, to the investment of
the traveller into the very midst of Tierra British capital and the developement of
Caliente.
British skill in the cultivation of the soil ;
" It is believed that the sugar-cane was the almost certainty that those fiscal regu-
first planted there about one hundred | lations which have hitherto depressed the
years ago; from that time the number of | growth of sugar in Bengal, and prevented
sugar-estates has gone on increasing, un- the large increase of its imports into this
til there is now hardly an acre of ground country, will soon be repealed; the pros-
on the whole plain which is not turned to pect of an early removal of the other re-
account.
strictions which still fetter the commerce
“The cultivation was originally car- of our Eastern possessions; the rapidly
ried on entirely by slaves, who were pur increasing population and prosperity of
chased at Vera Cruz, at from 300 to 400 Hayti; be official statements of Mr.
dollars each.
Ward, as to the profitable culture of su-
" It was found, however, that this sys- gar by free labor in Mexico; and the ra-
Le tem was attended with considerable incon-pid extension of the manufacture of beet
venience, it being impossible to secure a root sugar in France; a prelude as we
sufficient supply of slaves during a war. conceive, to its introduction into this coun-
The losses, likewise, at all times, were try and especially into Ireland; all these
great, as many of the slaves were unable i circumstances combined, afford a promise
to support the fatigue and changes of tem- which can scarcely fail of seeing a death
perature, to which they were exposed on blow inflicted on the culture of sugar by
the journey from Vera Cruz to Cuernava- slave labor, which all the misrepresenta-
ca, and perished, either on the road, or i tions of all the slave holders in the world,
soon after their arrival.
with all their clamorous partisans in this
"Several of the great proprietors were country, cannot avert, or even long re-
induced by these circumstances to give tard."
liberty to a certain number of their slaves
Since their views have been directed
annually, and by encouraging marriages to the subject, your committee are fully
between them and the Indians of the satisfied that its further investigation will
country, to propagate a race of free labor- be highly important; and that at no very
ers, who might be employed when a sup- distant period, the resulis of very interest-
ply of slaves was no longer to be obtained ing erperiments nearer home may
be ob.
" This plan proved so eminently success-
tained.
Respectfully submitted,
ful that on some of the largest estate.
B. Lusty, Chairman:
DIT
WA
se
of
782
id


146
GENICS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justicia Ruat Cælum.
Ladies' Repository.
no more mangle lie: limbs, or the heavy iron of
her felters cut into her flesh. She will be Free !
Philanthropic and Literary.
She will become educated, refined and virtuous;
and her blessing will descend “like the dews of
PRINCIPALLY CONDUCTED BY A LADY.
Herinon" on the heads of those who have been
FEMALE SLAVES.
instrumental in rendering her such. And will our
The following is the amount, as given by the country wonen, when there are so many more
last census, of the number of females in the United thousands of their own sex suffering beneath the
States, who are deprived by the cruel system of pitiless grasp of oppression, listen carelessly to
slavery of the natural privileges of humanity, the story of their accumulated wrongs, and forget
ranked with the furniture of the kitchen, or the that they themselves are aggrieved in the injuries
beasts of the field-transferred like these from offered to their helpless sisters? We hesitate not
owner to owner-fettered and driven in herds,
to say that to every female in the United States
with their brethren, through the country, to be attaches some portion of the stigma of Female
bold, or exposed in the public market-place-kept Slavery. We all share in the disgrace, both of
in gross mental darkness, irreligion, and degrada- the ignorance and degradation of the female slave,
tion-subjected to the vile indignity and lacera- and of the iniquity of those, alike her sisters and
tion of punishment by the horsewhip-torn at
ours, who too often hold her in bondage. All
the will of another from all the ties that make life therefore are interested, if not from motives of hu-
precious to the female heart-denied the woman's manity, at least for their own sakes, in the aboli-
privilege of ministering to the wants and comforts tion of slavery. And all, unitedly, should pro-
of their own household—obliged to waste their
mote such measures as may eventually effect so
desirable an object.
whole lives in toil for which they receive no com-
pensation save a scanty and miserable sustenance
THE NEW YEAR.
-and condemned to entail all these evils on their
There is no season more calculated to dispose
hapless offspring. We have copied the statement
as one of the strongest arguments we could use
the mind to reflection, than the last moments of
in urging the more favored of our sex, to use such
the passing year, or the entering ones of the new.
means as are in their power, to raise their helpless while the year yet lingered, seemed almost to form
It is a fit time for retrospect. For the events, that
sisters from a state of debasement, which is far
a part of its existence, and still to remain present
more disgraceful to those who look on in uncon-
cerned selfishness
, than to those who are degrad-mory, and in the impression, whether pleasing or
with us, we now feel indeed to exist only in me-
ed and rendered wretched by its influence.
Females-under 10 years of age, 347,566
painful, which they may have left upon our minds.
of 10 and under 24, 308,793
Then too, the mind is most prone to anticipation.
of 24
36, 186,032 If we feel that during the past year we have fall-
of 36
55, 111,753
en far short of our duty and our wishes—if our
of 55
100, 41,422
of 100 and upwards,
669
hopes have been deceived, or sorrow has laid hea-
vily upon our hearts, we look forward to the fu-
Total..............996,284 ture with fresh resolutions, with renewed ex-
Nine hundred and ninety-six thousand two hun- | pectations, and a rekindling of almost confidence,
dred and eighty-four female victims to the severe that the pressure of calamity will speedily be tak-
and unrelenting system of oppression that pollutes on away from us. Yet to the poor slave, the
our whole country with its guilt and infamy!-
year opens with no brighter hopes than the many
The whole number of slaves in the British Colo- | weary ones that have gone by since first he wore
nies is but 800,000, yet the energies of nearly the the chains of bondage. It will pass away, and
whole nation have been aroused in order to effect leave him, as on its entrance, still in fetters.-
their manumission. Our sisters there, have ex Yet beyond that, even for him, there may be a
erted themselves well and nobly, and the reward | brighter prospect. If the friends of Emancipation
which they have striven for will doubtlessly soon press on, and tire not in their efforts, he will yet
be theirs. Ere long the daughter of a much in- lift up a free brow to hail the light of some future
jured race, shall no more, when she bends her lips year. We ask of them at this season, to send
upon the brow of her young infant, mingle the back their thoughts in review over the past year,
scalding lears of affliction for his future fate, with || and to inquire of themselves, whether they have
the caresses of her love; no more shall she be severally done all that they might have done, lo
compelled to listen to its piteous cries, without promote the cause of Emancipation ?--if no op-
being allowed to soothe them; no more shall the portunity of advancing its interests has been suf-
rapacity of avarice have the power to tear it from fered to pass by unimproved--if indolence, or in-
her arms, or to bear herself away from home and difference or weariness has not sometimes stolen
all its loved ties for ever. The sharp lash shall || upon them, and given a listlessness to their exer-


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
149
Fiat Justitia Ruat Colum.
Free
518
OK
len
pre
form
Lions? If it has been theirs, let them resolve up-|Soon to be quench'd in blood ? Oh God of Peace!
on more activity and perseverance for the future ; || Must such wild scenes of carnage never cease ?
Is blood " pour'd out like water” still to be
upon still greater self-denial and more untiring The price of man's high yearning to be free?
efforts. They are all needed, and they must all || Wo for the tyrant selfishness and pride,
be made use of before the conquest over oppres- | That hath to man his holiest rights denied !
sion can be won.
Is life too poor in ills?-hath Death so scant
His fearful quiver stored, that men should pant
To give the earth red graves ? Ah! when shall
THE LONG EVEYINGS.
right
We would recommend the female advocates of Her nobler triumphs seek by moral light,
Emancipation, as one means by which they may
And learn that even the sweets of liberty,
much advance the cause for which they are inte-Are bought with slaughter, at a price too high!
rested, occasionally to devote a few hours during And when shall our own banner cease to wave
Its starry folds in mockery o’er the slave?
the long evenings of the present season, to com-
Oh! blot upon our land, and heavy shame,
posing, or transcribing from authors who have That e'er Columbian should bear such name!
written on the subject of slavery such extracts as That men, like beasts, should be enchain'd and
may appear to them calculated to produce a good || For a base pittance of poor, sordid gold ;
sold,
effect, and to send them for insertion to some
That woman's limbs beneath the scourge should
newspaper or periodical, not expressly devoted to bleed,
that subject; as by this means they might be read | The swollen pomp of luxury to feed ;
by persons, who would have in no other way their And in the freest nation of the earth
The licensed thief invade the household hearth,
attention, or memory, awakened to the oppression
The purest best affections of the heart,
of their brethren and sisters. One of the best And the strong ties of kindred rend apart,
things that can be done is to arouse the public and seizing, fiendlike, on his helpless prey,
Teak them for ever from their homes away,
mind more fully and generally to the true nature
Oh when shall tyrants learn that human veins,
of slavery, and to keep the subject continually Bear pulses that were never meant for chains;
before their attention.
And loose their links, before the oppress'd one's
band
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
Becomes a deadly wmpon in his hand !
Our brethren found it such ;-in southern halls,
NEW YEAR'S EVE.
The cold damp foot of desolation falls ;
Night! with its thousand stars, and the deep hush Young gladsome eyes, that late were sparkling
That makes its darkness solemn! The winds bright,
rush
With the free spirit's joyous gush of light;
In troubled music, o'er the wooded hill,
Mothers, made happy by the bursts of glee,
-And the wide plain, where creeps the fetter'd rill, From the gay creatures group'd about their knee ;
In wintry silence; but a softer sound
The brow of hoary eld-all, all are there,
Of melody from man's lit halls swells round. With the pale look of anguish and despair,
No slumber yet to night! the hours fleet on,
Or smitten rudely to the reeking earth,
With converse, song, and laughter's joyous tone;
Have deluged with their blood their own loved
The young and gay are met in social mirth,
hearth,
Or the home circle gathers round the hearth,
Alas, alas, for them! alas, for those,
Or swelling upwards from the house of prayer,
Who still in white-lipped terror wait their foes !
The voice of praise concludes the passing year.
And wo for all the opp ssor's
haughty guilt,
'Tis almost midnight now ;-hark! hush!-the And the fresh blood his vengeful hand hath spilt !
bell! -
Oh Heaven! in mercy yield them yet a space
At once a note of triumph, and a knell!
To speak with tears of penitence thy grace!
A sudden silence-the quick breath is quelled,
Touch their steel'd hearts with thy dissolving
The speaker's voice in mute suspension held,
love,
What thousand thoughts are in that moment
And their vile stains of prejudice remove,
press'd-
That they may learn upon the negru's face
Past, present, future, crowding on the breast,
A brother's lineaments, at last to trace,
As stroke by stroke tolls 'on !--and then a start-
And strike away the soul-degrading chains,
A sudden lightening of the eye and heart,
Which long have hung upon his swollen veins ;
A burst of joyous greeting--such as here
That mad, relentless hatred may no more,
We wish you, friends beloved,-a happy year!
Flood the red earth with streams of mingled gore,
And other new years o'er our country rise,
So speeds time on! Scarce seems a moment sped, | With brighter aspect, and more cloudless skies.
Since first we hailed the year that now has fled.
So speeds time on-but hath it left no trace,
That future hours shall never more efface?
APOLOGY FOR LADIES' ANTI-SLAVERY
Go turn to Poland! may her sons forget,
Their desolated fields with carnage wet?
ASSOCIATIONS.
Their bright, brief hopes,—their struggle fierce | By the author of “Immediate, not Gradual Aboli-'
and proud,
tion,” fc.
With the stern despot 'neath whose yoke they
bowed,
(Concluded from page 135.)
The lightning thrill that flash'd through every But it is not in mortal power,-in that
breast,
of individuals, or of nations, to provide a
When wakening Freedom waved her eagle frest, remedy for “the countless ills that filesh
Their hopes, upspringing almost from despair,
And burning with a short illusive glare, is heir to,'--for the privation and suffer-
1.
dic
-3201
WN
E.
1872


150
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
no narrow one.
ing, the injustice and cruelty which man produce, has been objected to on various
inflicts upon his fellow man. No,—it is grounds, especially on account of the
not ;—nor will individuals or nations be great sacrifice of time which it required :
held responsible for any but such as are but the sacrifice would be transient were
inflicted by their own wilfulness, or per-| vigorous means once employed to bring
petuated by their own negligence ;-for the plan into general operation. That
none but such as they have power toʻex- great object which by strenuous exertions
pel.
might be speedily secured, may, probably,
But the evil in question, enormous as without them, remain unaccomplished for
it is, coinprising, as it does, all the crimes ages. What important good is secured
which most disgrace, and all the miseries without sacrifice ? Self-denial is the in-
which most imbitter human existence; - dispensable price of all human virtue.
upheld, as it is, by a mighiy host of pow-What rational hope is there left of the ex-
erful interests and deep-rooted prejudices | tinction of slavery but by rendering it un-
--we have the power 10 expel. The profitable ? and how can we render it un-
power which could most promptly expel profitable but by rejecting its produce ?
inis mighty mischief, may be lodged in and how can such an extensive rejection
hands which have no will to exert it; of its produce be obtained as shall render
but the power effectially to destroy it is it un profitable, without direct appeals to
diffused over a wide surface, and may be the hearts and understandings, 10 the feel-
roused and concentrated by humble exer- ings and principles of individuals, on the
tions. Though we have no voice in the folly, danger, and wickedness of uphold-
senate, no influence in public meetings, - ing such a system of iniquity ?
though no signatures of ours are attached We have seen the inefficacy of petition.
10 anti-slavery petitions to the legislature, ing Parliament even to enforce its own
--yet we have a voice and an influence limited plans of melioration and gradual
in a sphere, which, though restricted, is | abolition. Even the late lamented Pre-
To the hearts and con- mier, the avowed opponent of slavery, de-
sciences of our own sex, at least, we have clared that the numerous Anti-slavery pe.
unlimited access. By dispelling their iy-titions with which the table of the House
norance, disseminating among ihem cor- of Cornmons was last year loaded,
ra
rect information of the mature and conse- | ther added to the incumbrance than in-
quences of West Indian slavery, and dis- creased the power of Government ;"-
suading them from all participation in its they tended to create new obstacles and
guilt, by a conscientious rejection of its lo aggravate old ones."
We have seen
produce, we may withdraw its resources the insolent scorn with which Lord Ba-
and undermine its foundations. At pre-thurst's very cautious propositions have
sent the work is making slow progress. | been rejected by the colonists.
To con-
With a few distinguished exceptions, we ciliate the planters, to disarm their pecuni-
may take shame to ourselves that our | ary hostility to emancipation, it has been
zeal and exertions in this righteous cause proposed to purchase the freedom of negro
have been so little proportioned to its ur \infants. And very recently it has been
geni claims. The cause needs earnest proposed, by gradual process, and by
and deroted laborers, and it were better means apparently the most easy and un-
10 abandon it altogether than to pursue it exceptionable, to purchase adult slaves
by such tardy and indirect means as af- || also. “If," says a very humane and sen-
ford no rational hope of success.
sible writer,“ 300,000 persons would each
Let us emulate the truly christian zeal | contribute two pence per week, this would
of the first institutor of Ladies' Anti-Sla- raise upwards of 120,000l annually; and
very Associations, and strive to our ut- this sum, valuing the slaves at 100l each,
most ability to increase their activity and would redeemn more than 1200 of them
to multiply their number. We do not all every year. If gold be an antitode to sla-
possess equal talents or influence, but we very, is it not our duty to apply that anti-
can each determine to make the best use dote ? Though the principle of compen-
of such as we have. The plan of dividing sation to the slaveholders, be exactly simi-
large towns into districts, and of making lar to that which would indemnify the re-
'indiscriminate calls upon the inhabitants ceivers of stolen goods, when obliged to
for the purpose of diffusing general in- restore to the true owners the property
formation of the nature of slavery, and of they wrongfully obtained; yet if the ex-
recommending a general rejection of its || isting slaves are to taste the sweets of free-
6:


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
151
10
Te
Org
und
!
21
UR
119
Cold
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
dom, every available method must at this guilty participation : guilty it is, and
once be employed for their deliverance. where there is no consciousness of its
If they ihemselves were determined to re- guilt, it is the part of christian duty to
main in bondage, rather than admit the awaken thatconsciousness;—"Thou shalt
right to which their masters so unjustly not suffer sin upon thy brother,--thou
pretend, this would certainly be very mag-shalt in any wise admonish him," is a di-
nanimous on their part; but were we, who vine command. We have no moral righi
suffer no personal inconvenience from to the produce of robbery and oppression.
what they endure, to act thus, it would In the eye of. British law the receiver of
only furnish another example of the facili- stolen goods is as criminal as the thief;
ty of being great and dignified at the ex- and in the estimation of a purer law, the
pense of others.”
wilful consumer of slave produce may ap-
And what reply is to be given to these pear more criminal than the slave-holder,
apparently unexceptionable and generous because without the powerful temptation
propositions ? They are altogether inad- of interest, he furnishes the latter with all
missable. "No combined plan, such as the incitements io his inhuman oppression.
the above, for aiding the work of emanci Let none of us rest satisfied with indi-
pation, would be allowed by his Majesty's vidual abstinence from the produce of sla-
Governinent !!!"
very. Let all act with fidelity to their
But we are not yet bereft of free choice own convictions, and strive, by well-timed
between the productions of free and slave and judicious reasons, io press the duty
labor. In the right direction of that upon others. And whatsoever our hand
choice, there is still a wide field open for findeth to do, towards loosening the bonds
unrestricted anti-slavery exertion. Here, | of oppression, let us do it with all our
then, let us work with redoubled dili- might. It may be that this apparently
gence, and as our resources diminish in last remaining human resource for the ab-
number, let those which remain be more olition of slavery (that of refusing its pro-
strenuously exerted. Although it is ad- || duce) is that which shall prosper ; it may
mitted that arduous labor is indispensa. be that which, if diligently and faithfully
bly requisite for the accomplishment of exerted, may be crowned with success.
our object, yet we can imagine no other To whom, then, must we look for its faith-
of equal importance, comprehending bless- || ful and diligent exertion, but to those who
ings so great to existing and unborn mil- || have leisure and influence,-to those who
lions, was ever accomplished at a price so are blessed with enlightened understand-
cheap, by sacrifices so comparatively tri-|| ings, sound principles,-with tender con-
fling as those now required for the extinc- sciences and feeling hearts,
tion of West Indian slavery :
-o much Let those who have been thus favored,
more aggravated will be the condeinna- | remember that “to whom much is given,
tion of withholding them.
of them will much be required;"- that for
“Let us remember the utter helpless- all who are exempt from the necessity of
ness of the objects of our sympathy,—daily labor for their daily bread, there is
that they cannot plead for themselves, -- an assigned portion of labor for the good
that they have none in the land of their cap- of others ;-that no christian is exempt
tivity to plead for thein." Let us remem- from the duty of doing to all men, to his
ber the horror which the first faithful de- | utmost ability, whatsoever he would that
lineation of their sufferings excited. Let they should do unto him ;—that when
us remember that though our feelings may the floods rise and the winds blow, as
be blunted by familiarity with the often they will against all our houses, they will
repeated story of their oppression, that op- stand or fall as we have practically obey-
pression remains unmitigated; their bodied, or have only speculatively approved,
ly torture from the lacerating scourge and the precepts of our divine Lawgiver.
galling chain-their mental anguish from For our own sakes then, as well as the
the reckless tearing asunder of all the wretched objects of our sympathy, let us
strongest ties of nature, are in no degree be earnest and persevering in the applica-
abated by the abatement of our sympa- tion of that obvious antidote to slavery
thy. Let us also remember that we have which is within our own power. There
all participated in their oppression by con- is satisfaction in vigorous exertion in a
suming its produce. This consideration good cause, though its efficacy be not im-
ought to lay us under peculiar obligationsmediately apparent; there is pleasure in
to discountenance as well as to relinquish the approving testimony of conscience
US
WU
Bai
M1
ber
To
Irk
11
CA


'152
GENICS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
next, 1832,
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
that we are faithfully endeavoring to do | copious files of papers to the day of sailing.
our part;—but in feeble, languid efforts, We are happy to state that the insurrec-
there is no pleasure, no satisfaction, notion had nearly subsided. The injury to
utility.
property had been very great; upwards
In a cause beset with such peculiar dis- of 150 plantations had been destroyed, loss
couragements, opposed by such power- of property said to be a million and a half
ful interests, such inveterate prejudices ; l of dollars.
which has no novelty, no allurements for About 2000 blacks were supposed to
ambition or sordid interest, -no consider-have been killed, and 500 had fled to the
ations but those of christian duty can re- | mountains.
sist the approaches of supineness and de At one time, it was said 30,000 ne.
spondercy, and sustain that steady zeal groes were under arms. The greatest ex.
and persevering labor which its exigencies ertions are made in all parts of the island
demand. By the strong obligations, then, by the military to preserve order ; court
of christian duty, let us stir up our own and martials are held in all parts for the trial
cach other's slumbering humanity ;-by | of the blacks. The governor had visited
these, let us animate each other io vigor- | several of the disturbed districts which had
ous unwearied exertion in that plain course produced the happiest effects. The de.
of duty which has been opened to us : tails given of the destruction of lives and
above all, let us make earnest application property is most distressing. On the 22à
to that divine power which alone can Jan. martial law was continued for 30
take away the heart of stone and give the days longer.-N. Y. paper.
heart of flesh. Thus will our zeal be not
PREMIUM FOR RICE.
only kept from declining, but will gradu-
The sum of TWENTY DOLLARS will be given
ally brighten, till it comes to glow with as a premium, over and above the market price,
true christian fervor, and the work be- for Five Casks of Fresh Rice, of good quality,
fore us will become a labor of love instead raised by Free Labor, and delivered in Philadel:
phia, to Charles Peirce, before the first of June
of constraint.
The gentleman above named, is well known as
The Olio.
a very respectable Grocer in Philadelphia, who
has, for several years past, made it a particular bu-
siness to keep articles in his line that are exclu-
Liberia. By the Brig Criterion, Capt. sively the production of free labor.
Lowell
, arrived at New-York, the Liberia The premium, together with the market price,
Herald (published monthly) of October will be promptly paid, on the delivery of the Rice,
22d and November 22d, have been re- || from some respectable person who is known in
accompanied by proper referenee and vouchers
ceived. The arrival of the Criterion out, | Philadelphia.
is thus noticed in a paper of the latest date.
ARRIVAL OF THE EXPEDITION.-It is
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
with much pleasure we announce the ar-
Vol. XII.
rival of the brig Criterion, with forty-five The object and character of this work are well
emigrants, after a passage of 86 days. culated in all the States of this Union, in Canada,
known. It has been published ten years, and cir.
They are all in good health. Among the West Indies, Europe and Africa. It is exclu
them are the Rev. Mr. Cæsar and his sively devoted to the subject of the Abolition of Sla-
Lady, members of the Episcopal Church. very, on the American Continent and Islands.
We are further pleased to learn that
The work will, henceforth, be issued monthly.
Mrs. Cæsar comes out under the patron- It will be neatly printed on fine paper, and folded
age of a few ladies of Philadelphia, as an in the octavo form, each number making sixteen
instructress of a school. We should be
proud to learn that as it is also Mr. Cæsar's | annum, always to be paid in advance.
The price of subscription will be One Dollar per
intention to teach, some benevolent indi Subscribers who do not particularly specify the
viduals in the United Staves had extend time they wish to receive the work, or notify the
ed an open hand towards him also.
Editor of a desire to discontinue it before the expi-
Our
ration of each current year, will be considered as
friends in America can hardly conceive engaged for the next succeeding one, and their
the great need we stand in of able instruc- bills will be forwarded accordingly.
tors, and the many openings which daily | five dollars remitted to the Editor, in current mo-
Agents will be entitled to six copies for every
offer for the labor of teachers.--Cin. Am.
ney of the United States.
All letters and communications intended for
Late and important from Jamaica.-By this office, must be addressed, free of expense, to
BENJAMIN LUNDY, Washington, D. C.
the brig Montillo, which sailed from Kings-
LP A few copies of the Eleventh Volume, com-
ton on the 27th January, we have received plete, for sale.
THE
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.
large pages.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
EDITED BY B. LUNDY-PUBLISHED IN WASHINGTON AND BALTIMORE
$1.00 PER ANN.
"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, and endowed by their Creator with certain
inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”--Declaration of Independence, U.S.
No. 10. Vol. II. THIRD SERIES.)
MARCH, 1832.
[WHOLE NUMBER 274. Vol. XII.
WILBERFORCE SETTLEMENT.
No place, perhaps, in the northern or north-
The editor of the Genius of Universal Emanci- western portion of America presents a stronger
pation recently visited this interesting settlement and richer soil, or a country more beautifully situ-
of colored people, in the province of Upper Cana- || ated for agricultural pursuits, than this. It is co-
da. The sole object, in doing this, was to obtain | vered with a heavy growth of timber, consisting
correct information respecting the situation, cli- || of oak, hickory, sugar maple, beach, ash, poplar,
mate, soil, the present prospects of the settlers, &c. || bass, &c., &c., with some cherry and walnut; and
&c., with the view of publishing an accurate state- || along the streams may be seen a portion of elm
ment thereof, as extensively as possible, for the and sycamore. The land, in general, is gently
benefit of that oppressed and persecuted race in
the United States. A very minute journal was
rolling, though very much diversified. Along the
streams it is considerably uneven; yet there are
kept, in passing through the province, from
Queenston, via the head of Lake Ontario and the
no hills of magnitude; and between the water
aforesaid settlement, to Detroit, in order to bear
courses, in some places, it is quite level. There
in mind whatever might be observed, worthy of a
are some fine springs, and the water is clear and
place in the account thus to be published. This excellent. The soil appears, generally, to be a
Journal will shortly be inserted at length in the
dark loam, intermixed with more or less clay and
Genius of Universal Emancipation. At present | gravel; but there is very little sand; and the
our vierys must be confined to the state of things whole is deeply clothed with a black vegetable
connecu d with the actual condition and prospects || kinds of grain, &c., produced north of the Caroli-
mouid, which renders it extremely fertile. All
of the Wilberforce Settlement.
We have heretofore noticed sundry statements, nas, succeed well here. The ground is entirely
which originated in other papers, relative to the clear of stone on the surface, but there are quor-
progress of this colony of colored exiles, who have ||ries (mostly of limestone) in the elevations, par-
thus sought a refuge from the demon-spirit of per- ticularly along the streams.
secution, in these States, as did the pilgrim fa Markets for the produce of this part of the
thers of American Colonization, when a similar country will be convenient, as it is but a short
spirit raged and trampled down the sacred rights distance either to Lake Erie, on the south, or
cf. man, in the rotten empires of Europe. But || Lake Huron on the north;—and the navigabls
much that we were enabled to gather in that way waters of the Thames approach within a few
was uncertain and contradictory; of course little | miles of London, the seat of government for the
dependance could be placed upon it. We now can
District of the same name. Manufacturing may
vouch for the correctness of what we lay before also be extensively carried on, the various streams
our readers.
with which the country abounds affording excel-
The Wilberforce Settlement is situated on the lent facilities for the application of water power.
river Au Sable, in the District of London, Upper
On a reference to the map, it will be perceived
Canada. It commences twelve miles from the
that the Wilberforce Settlement is very nearly in
village of London, (London Court House,) and
the same latitude with Albany, in the State of
extends north-westwardly, along the road, lead-
ing to Goderich on Lake Huron, upwards of four New-York. But the climate is much more mild
miles. The last mentioned place is about twen-
than at that place, as there are no mountainous ele-
ty-five or thirty miles from the Au Sable, wherevations to increase the rigors of winter, as there
are about the middle of New-York and Pennsyl-
this road crosses it, north of which the colored
people have made but one opening. The distance vania. An account of the state of the weather
from York, U. C., to the settlement, by way of was kept at Wilberforce, through the month of
London, is one hundred and forty-eight miles- December, which is annexed to this article; and
from Queenston, or Niagara Falls, by the head it will be seen that the severity of the cold was
of Lake Ontario, and London, about the same
not greater than it is frequently known to be
distance—from Buffalo, (proceeding up Lake Erie much further to the south. At no time during
lo Port Talbot, at the mouth of Kettle Creek,) | the present winter, has the snow fallen as deep,
perhaps little more than one hundred miles, thir- || in this part of Canada, as it has south of Lake
ty-seven miles, only, of which is travelled by land || Erie ; and it has been observed, by old settlers,
- from Sandwich opposite Detroit, by London, that it seldom or never does.
one hundred and twenty-three miles,
It will be recollected that the Wilberforce Set-


154
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
ARE FREE
ment.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
tlement was commenced by a few colored persons | the government regulations, as now interpreted
AND EQUAL.
from Cincinnati, Ohio, who were induced to seek and administered, all
an asylum there, from the storm of persecution Every citizen, without distinction lof color or cast,
that appeared to be gathering in that section of is entitled to all the privileges and immunities
country and directing its force towards them.* that the most favored individual can claim. And
The business was badly managed, at first. The there is no danger of an alteration in this state of
persons who acted as agents contracted for more things while the European influence exists in the
land than they could pay for according to agree-councils of the province, as it now does and will,
A new bargain was then made, and ano- || doubtless, continue to do.
ther failure to comply with the terms succeeded.
There are, at this time, thirty-two families re-
Confidence in their ability to prosecute the busi- | siding in the settlement, which average about five
ness successfully, was impaired. At length a
individuals to each. (It is stated, by the settlers,
smaller quantity of land has been secured to the that upwards of two thousand persons have visited
company, and individuals have made purchases and intended to establish themselves at that place,
on their own account. A number of very respect- || most of whom were necessitated to go to other
able and intelligent men have taken up their resi-
dence there. Some of these are in good easy cir- parts of the province, where they could obtain em-
ployment, not being able to support themselves
cumstances-a few even wealthy and it is be-while they could clear the land, plant, &c.)
lieved that every thing will go on well hereafter. Four or five of the families, now there, arrived
The members of the Settlement have entered about twenty months since ;—the rest at later pe-
into an association for mutual assistance, &c. || riods ; and some few of them quite recently,
They have appointed a Board of Managers, of
Twenty-five families have purchased land; and
which Austin Steward, formerly of Rochester, | the most of them have erected tolerably comforta-
New-York, is the President. The Rev. Benja- | ble houses, and cleared a few acres of ground.
min Paul, late of New-York City, is their Treasu- | They have purchased nearly two thousand acres,
rer; and the funds that may be collected, in the in the whole, two hundred of which are cleared,
way of donation, &c., will be applied to the pur- || and about sixty sown with wheat. The settlers
chase of land, and necessaries, for the settlement have cut a wide road, through seven miles and a
and comfort of those who may be induced by per- | quarter of very thickly and heavily timhered land,
secution, &c. to remove thither from the United || for the Canada Company,—the price for which
States, while destitute of the means to support
was placed to their credit in the purchase of their
themselves or families. An Agent has been com-
several lots. It should also be remarked that, in
missioned to proceed to England, with the view clearing, they leave no trees deadened and stand-
of interesting the British government and people | ing, as it is customary with many in new settle-
in the promotion of the desired object; and the ments; but cut all off, though the labor is great.
friends of the maltreated African descendants may They have about one hundred head of cattle and
nów look for the accomplishment of something swine, and a few horses. Oxen are mostly used
there, worthy of an intelligent people and the high with them, for hauling, ploughing, &c. They
importance of the occasion. Full confidence may have a good substantial saw-mill, erected on a
be placed in those at present selected to manage | branch of the Au Sable, within the precints of
the public concerns of the settlement; and the true their settlement, and, of course, they will hence
friends of the oppressed could scarcely render a
have no difficulty in procuring lumber for build-
more acceptable service to the cause of philanthro- | ing. (Their dwellings are, as yet, constructed of
py, than by assisting, with pecuniary and other logs-some of them hewed—and a few have well
means, the persecuted colored man in obtaining a shingled roofs.) There are one grist-mill and two
residence there. Under the liberal provisions of other saw-mills within eight or nine miles of the
* In justice to the great mass of the citizens of settlement; and one grist-mill is part built with-
Ohio, it must be stated that, notwithstanding the in five or six miles of them.-Several small stores
political and moral fanaticism of a few misguided | are located also near by; and a tailor, shoemak-
and highly prejudiced creatures, who had found
their way into offices of brief authority ;" altho'
er, and blacksmith reside among them. They
they made as much noise (a momentary noise!) || have two good schools, for the education of their
as the thundering artillery of the heathen Jove; children; one of which is under the charge of
and while a few of their intended victims of their Thomas J. Paul, son of the Rev. B. Paul, a youth
terrible wrath were frightened into exile, not one
has been actually forced to go out of the State of fine promise.* In the summer season a daugh-
Whatever their representations may hereafter do
to prevent others coming in, from the south, there * Such are the excellent regulations, and so
is too much humanity in the citizens, generally, || high is the reputation, of this school, that a num-
to drive out, against his will, a single well behav- || ber of respectable white people send their children
ed colored man who is now there. The slavite to it, in preference to others that are conducted by
ca, is hoped, comprise a lean minority white teachers. The following testimony to the
in the great State of Ohio.
good conduct, &c., of its superintendent, is highly
"fan


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
155
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
ter of the same gentleman—a quite accomplished || proceeding thither early next spring, if they have
and amiable young woman-also teaches a school only the means of getting there. Some appre-
for girls. A Sabbath school is likewise kept up | hension is felt that the priee of land will be rais-
in the warm season, under the direction of Austin || ed, when the aforesaid road shall be completed;
Steward. Two regular meetings for religious wor but even should this be the case, emigrants will,
ship are established among them, for the Baptist | no doubt, be able to procure enough on favorable
and the Methodist denominations. A Temper- terms, near by, if prepared to make prompt pay-
ance Society has also been organized, the members
ment. Many poor white settlers, in the neigh-
of which have pledged themselves to exert their in- | borhood of Wilberforce, offer to sell their im-
fluence in discouraging both the vending and use provements, upon reasonable terms, in order to go
of all kinds of ardent spirits. The settlers, gene- | further towards the frontier, where they may get
rally, are sober, industrious, and thrifty. In their more land ; and colored persons, who are some-
houses things mostly appear clean, neat, and com what forehanded, will find it very advantageous
fortable.
to purchase these improvements. They may be
Between the village of London and this settle- had at from $2,50 to $5,00 per acre, including
ment the country is pretty thickly inhabited; and buildings, &c. Unimproved land has heretofore
within a few miles to the southwest of it there are sold at $1,50 per acre.
a considerable number of white people, mostly We learn that there are several other settle-
Europeans, and their immediate descendants born
ments of colored people in various parts of Upper
in Canada. Emigrants from the United States
Canada, among which may be enumerated the
are beginning to settle about London, and to the following: One at Lake Simcoe, in the northeast-
south of that place. Twenty-five or thirty miles to
ern part of the province-one at Woolwich, on or
the northwest, and about the same distance to
near Grand River, north of Brantford, and thirty
the northeast, there are likewise settlements,
or forty miles from the head of Lake Ontario
most of those composing which are said to be En-
glish, Irish, Scotch, Welsh, &c. &c. These Euro- || about sixty-five miles below London, and fifty-five
one at Chatham Creek, near the river Thames,
peans are, in general, very friendly to the colored
or sixty above Sandwich, opposite Detroit-and
people
. While the “yankees” (as they denomi- another near Malden, 18 miles south of Sand-
nate all emigrants from these States) are still ac- wich, a little distance from the mouth of Detroit
tuated by their abominable prejudice against the river, and opposite Brownstown, at the mouth of
colored race, the Irish, &c., are often heard to say Huron river. This last is said to be composed of
they prefer the people of color, as neighbors and three or four hundred persons; and there is a fer-
citizens, to them. The natives, or Canadians
ry from Brownstown to Malden, where many of
(born in the country) appear likewise quite as
the emigrants cross when the river is not obstructa
friendly to the colored population, as to the “yan- || ed by ice.
kees.” It is believed these observations will also
But the settlement at Wilberforce will be, by
very generally hold good, throughout the Cana-
das.
far, the most important, as there are men of
The Canada Company, from which the settlers known intelligence and public spirit there, who
at Wilberforce have purchased their land, is will give it a consequence, that probably will not,
about to make a good road through the whole dis-
at least very soon, be attached to the others. It will,
tance from London to Lake Huron. It is now in indeed, be viewed by the colored people as a nucle-
us,
part finished to this settlement; and a great num-
for an extensive emigration from the northern
ber of laborers will find employment there the en-
and middle parts of this Union, especially from
suing summer. Some of the settlers will also want | Virginia, and several contiguous States. Many
assistance in improving their lands; and good, in- | will go there, and obtain information that will in-
dustrious, working colored men may do well by duce them to settle in other places, when the price
of land shall rise and more new settlements be
honorable to him. It is a copy of a Certificate | opened. They will thus scatter over the pro-
presented him on leaving the Academy.-
vince, some one way and some another;
New York, April 27th, 1831.
This is to certify, that Thomas J. Paui attend- will stop here, as at a central point, which first
ed my Academy about six months; that during shall have attracted their attention, and where
that time his attention to study was remarkably | they will find intelligent friends and brethren.
diligent, his proficiency rapid, and his conduct ex-
emplary; that I consider him well qualified to The following table, exhibiting the state of the
instruct in the ordinary branches of English edu- weather, at Wilberforce, from the 3d to the 25th
cation; and that, on leaving me, he takes with
him my wishes and
prayers
for his welfare, and of December last, (the coldest part of the season,)
my confidence that, in the progress of life, he will was politely furnished by Austin Steward, one,
conduct himself worthily and usefully.
among the few, of the most intelligent and wor-
JONATHAN B. KIDDER,
Teacher of Classical and English Academy in thy colored men in America. The thermometer
New-York. was placed the whole time in the open air.
but many


156
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
12
| |ଟ
22
16
12,
6
23,
24,
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
Ştate of the Weather at Wilberforee, Upper Canada, We are glad to perceive that a relative of the
from the 3d to the 25th of December, 1831.
great statesman himself (T. J. Randolph,) has
Days of the Degrees be- Degrees | Prevalence taken up the important subject in the Legisla-
month. low freez below of the wind. | ture, and appears disposed to advocate it warmly.
ing point. cipher.
In one of his speeches, he uses this emphatic lan-
December 3,
Southerly.
guage: "Speaking as a Virginian,” Mr. R. said,
30
do.
he “would rather have the fame with posterity
5,
do.
arising from this, than from all the other great
6,
do.
7,
acts of that great man's life.” And he “thank-
14
S. W.
8, 15
do. ed the enlightened people of Albemarle for af-
9, 20
do. fording an opportunity to have it proved to the
10,
22
N.
world, that the illustrious example constantly be-
11,
S.
18
S. W.
fore them, had been appreciated by his descend-
13,! 15
N. ants, and that they were now walking in his foot-
14, 16
s.
steps."*
15, 19
W.
It is with pleasure we also see it stated in the
16, 20
8.
17, 26
W. newspapers that another member has determined
18, 27
to immortalize his name in this holy undertaking.
19, 25
W,
The gentleman to whom we allude is a Mr.
20, 10
S
Moore. He used the following eloquent lan-
21, 20
N.
22,1 20
E. guage :-
S.
“Let me inquire, sir, what must be the esti-
10
do. mation in which we shall be held by foreign na-
25, 6
do. tions, if we fail even to make an effort to send
Through the early part of the month of Janua- | joy the blessings of liberty? Is it not due, sir,
our slaves to some country where they may en-
ry, 1832, the mercury ranged at about one deg.
to our character, as a moral, a just, a sincere, and
below the freezing point, wind southwardly, for a
number of days; and about the middle of the dience to those principles contained in our Bill of
a magnanimous people, that we should yield obe-
month the weather was mild, and it thawed con- Rights, and which we have solemnly declared to
siderably.
be applicable to, and obligatory on, all mankind ?
Can we be justified in the eyes of man, or of
JEFFERSON'S PLÁN.
Heaven, in withholding from our negroes, rights
It will be recollected that, soon after the dety of all the human race ?--and that, too, in vio-
which we have declared to be the common proper-
cease of the justly celebrated Thomas Jefferson, || lation of the fundamental principles of our own
something was said about a plan for the abolition government ? What must be thought of the
of slavery, devised by him and left among his pa- | nations which have been struggling for freedom
zeal which we profess to feel in behalf of those
pers.
It
appears, from a recent debate in the
across the ocean? Will not the admiration we
Virginia Legislature, that the substance of the expressed at the heroic exertions of the Parisians,
plan was as follows:-
in their recent struggle for liberty, and the sym-
To declare by law that, from and after the 4th pathy we professed to feel for the suffering Po-
landers, be regarded as mere hypocrisy and dis-
July, 1840, all the children of female slaves, born | simulation by those who know we do not prac-
in Virginia, should (the males at 21, and the fe- tise the doctrines which we preach? It matters
males at 18,) become public property, if detained not, sir, whether oppression be exercised over a
by their owners in the State until they should ar-
few individuals, or over many millions; it is as
much tyranny in the one case as in the other; and,
rive at those ages respectively—and be hired out in a moral point of view, the Autocrat of Russia
until the net sum should be sufficient to defray || is not more deserving the name of a tyrant, for
the expense of removal to a foreign country.
having sent his hordes of barbarians to plant the
blood-stained banner of despotism upon the walls
Proceeding upon the principle of this plan, of Warsaw, amid the ruins of all that was dear
twenty-six years would elapse before the law to free men, than the petty tyrant in any other
would operate in a single case. The period quarter of the globe, who is equally regardless of
would be quite too remote, and the mode of pro- only to our own character, but to the reputation
the acknowledged rights of man. It is due, not
ceeding would be too little in accordance with of our ancestorsthat we should make a de-
stri :t justice, to suit our notions of propriety ; | odium of slavery. On the 29th day of June,
termined effort to free our country from the
yet we should be glad to see this proposition
adopted, if nothing better can be devised-trust * Another evidence of the propriety of the
peo-
ing to the wisdom of the people and future Legis- | Albemarle had petitioned the Legislature; and
ple's movements in such matters. The people of
latures to vary the plan, and hasten the consumma this gentleman, as their representative, now felt at
tion of the great work, when they become more liberty to act, though he had not before. Let a
fully acquainted with the manner in which they | majority of the constituents of the Hon. J. Q.
may proceed with safety, as the authorities of N. | will feel at liberty to CHANGE HIS tune!-Gen.
Adams also speak out their sentiments, and he too
York and Mexico have done.
U. Eman.
3


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
157
DECISION OF THE VIRGINIA LEGISLATURE.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
1776, our ancestors, in order to escape the odium battle. The people, too, will be roused to action.
which would attach to them in the estimation of Petitions, memorials, and instructions will pour
foreigners, as the owners of slaves, solemnly de-
clared in the preamble to the Constitution, which into the halls of legislation; and wo to the “mea-
they then adopted, that the King, against whom ly mouth,” or the dough face,” that shall be re-
they were then in rebellion, had prevented them | cognized as having figured there, when next the
from excluding negroes from among them by law,
by an inhuman use of his negative; and assign- || “people” assemble at the polls !
ed that as one of the grounds on which they jus-
tified their rebellion. Should we now refuse even
We are pleased with the bold and decided stand
to consider of the means of sending from among
taken upon this subject, by the “Richmond
us, those very slaves whom our ancestors express- | Whig.” This is one of the most popular and in-
ed so much anxiety to have excluded from the | Auential papers in Virginia. The editor does
State, every intelligent foreigner will conclude,
either that our forefathers grossly calumniated not, by any means, go as far as we could wish ;
the King of England, or that we are the degene- || but he manfully advocates the principle of Uni-
rate offspring of more worthy ancestors."
versal Emancipation. Speaking of the late pro-
ceedings in the Legislature, above mentioned, he
argues that the members, by their last vote, have
The 25th of January, 1832, will long be re “declared their belief that, at the proper time, and
membered in Virginia, as an important epoch in || in the proper mode, Virginia ought to commence a
legislative proceedings. On that memorable day system of gradual abolition.” He considers the
a vote was taken in the General Assembly of this result of the late discussion in the General As-
State, on the question whether it would be expe- sembly, as decidedly “favorable to the cause” of
dient, then, “ to make any legislative enactments | emancipation ; and, at the close of an article on
for the abolition of slavery.” It was decided in the subject, he says: “The House of Delegates
the negative, by a vote of 64 to 59. · But, on a
have gone thus far, and in our opinion it had no
motion for indefinite postponement, the vote stood | right to go farther. The public is not prepared
60 to 71, showing a majority of ELEVEN, in favor to go farther at this time. These are astonishing
of acting upon the subject at a future period. It and animating results. They who will look back
was on the following preamble and resolution, to the state of opinion five months ago, may well
that the question was decided by the vote of 64 | consider them almost miraculous.”
to 59. It fully sanctions the principle of emanci-
Many other papers, in that State, now advo-
pation.
“ Profoundly sensible of the great evils arising cate the same principles. Among them the “ Nor-
from the condition of the colored population of folk Herald” takes strong ground, and speaks fear-
this Commonwealth: induced by humanity as | lessly. We present a short extract from a late
well as policy, to an immediate effort for the re-
number of this print :-
moval in the first place, as well of those who are
now free, as of such as may hereafter become free:
“Can we remain insensible to the startling fact,
believing that this effort, while it is in just ac-
that the increase of our şlave population is even
cordance with the sentiments of the community || now rooting out our free white yeomanry, who
on the subject, will absorb all our present means;
are leaving the fair fields of their native country
and that a further action for the removal of the for the west ; and is it too much to predict that in
slaves should await a more definite developement fifty years its excess over the whites will be so
of public opinion :
great, that the lower and middle divisions of the
“Resolved, As the opinion of this committee, || State must, by the natural operations of circum-
that it is inexpedient, for the present, to make any stances, (to say nothing of violence,) be abandon-
legislative enactments for the abolition of slavery.” | ed entirely by the latter, or maintained in a con-
dition of abject wretchedness, with their few re-
Here we not only perceive that a majority of maining proprietors crying in vain-save us from
eleven recorded their votes against an indefinite the body of this death-remove this intolerable
curse ?”
postponement of this important subject; but we
also perceive that the very lean majority of FIVE It is stated that many have been astonished at
was opposed to IMMEDIATE ACTION. Tru- | the developements in the speeches of the members
ly! this is cheering news for the philanthropist.- of the Virginia Legislature, respecting the in-
And when the enlightened statesmen of Virginia crease of the slave population in the southern
come to investigate the subject thoroughly, the States. This can be accounted for upon no other
majority will soon be found in favor of the immedi- principle than that of wilful ignorance and volun-.
ate adoption of measures for the total extinction tary blindness. The facts were always at hand
of that despotic system, which has filled the land | which, had they opened their eyes to see them,
with tyrants and vassals, paralyzed the arm of in- would have put them in possession of all the in-
dustry, quenched the spirit of improvement, and formation they have acquired from this discussion.
crimsoned her plains with the blood of women But they may thank the conductors of those “in-
and children! At the next session of the Vir- | cendiary” periodicals, who have, by their “vio-
ginia Legislature, we may look for still more im- lence,” and their “fanaticism,” roused them from
portant movements. During the intervening pe- | their stupid insensibility. We must have more
riod every meniber will prepare himself for the l! sucli“ incendiary publications !"


158
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
16
:
#
AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE.
PURCHASE OF TEXAS."
FREE PEOPLE OF COLOR IN PHILADELPHIA.
We extract from the Philadelphia Friend, the This old song, which had long since"
grown
following testimony in favor of the moral condition out of use," and was consigned to the “tomb of
of the free peopie of color in that city. It is so the capulets,” has recently been revived, and set
very common to represent these people, generally, | to a new tune! The Richmond Enquirer, whose
as the pesis of society, that it gives us pleasuse to “high born” editor--strange as it will
appear—is
lay before our readers any fact that may go to re- || about to join the ranks of the “fanatics;” (won-
move the prejudices thai exist against them, and der if John Randolph and Joe Gales won't turn out
which may tend to elevate them to that rank in next?) and in the overflowings of his zeal, like all
the scale of being to which, notwithstanding their new political converts, presents us with a propo-
hue, they are equally entitled with the whites.-c.sition, from one of his correspondents, “to pur-
“Many erroneous opinions have prevailed, || chase Texas, and invite the free negroes to set-
with regard to the true character and condition of ile there.” It is also imitated that they may, in
the free colored people of Pennsylvania. They
have been represented as an idle and worthless that case, form a State, and ultimately be admitted
class, furnishing inmates for our poor houses and into the Union.
penitentiaries. A few plain facts are sufficient to
Without discussing the question, (a grave one!)
refute these gratuitous allegations. In the city
and suburbs of Philadelphia, by the census of why the colored people should go out of the Union
1839, they constituted about eleven per cent, or
to be “admitted” in again, we would—“not dis-
one ninth of the whole population. From the ac- courteously,” as Friend Sower of Leesburg, Va.
count of the guardians of the poor, printed by or-
der of the board, it appears that of the out-door would say-remind Thomas Ritchie, as we did
poor receiving regular weekly supplies, in the first | Thomas H. Benton, that Texas is now in very good
month, 1330, the time of the greatest need, the hands.-And, further, we tell these sapient pro-
people of color were about one to twenty-three
whites; or not quite four per cent, a disproportion jectors, that until “Uncle Sam” takes effectual
of whites to colored, of more than two tv one in
measures to “reform" himself, he should not be
favor of the latter. When it is considered that intrusted with any more Indian Lands.
they perform the lowest offices in the community
that the avenues which are esteemed the most
honorable and profile professions in society,
are in a great measure, if not wholly, closed against The French and English Governments, we are
them—these facts are the more creditable to them. happy to perceive, have at length turned their al-
One cause of this disproportion, which we pre-
sume is but little known, but which is worthy oftention to the subject of the African slave trade,
special notice, will be found in the numerous so-
and have entered into a compact for the suppres-
cieties among themselves for mutual aid.
sion of this most detestable and infamous of all
“ These societies expended, in one year, about | traffics. We trust many months will not be suf-
six thousand dollars for the relief of the sick and
the indigent of their own color, from funds raised | fered to pass by, ere the United States will form
among themselves.
a party also to this most righteous union in de-.
“Besides, the taxes paid by the colored people fence of suffering humanity and the sacred rights
of Philadelphia, exceeds in annount the sunis ex-
The combined efforts and vigilance of
pended out of the funds of the city for the relief of
their poor. If my liinits permitied I could pro-
the three greatest naval powers in the world, could
ceed to show, by fair inferences from well ascer not fail of soon sweeping from the bosum of the
tained facts, and by sound reasoning, based upon ocean those execrable marauders,—the slave-
principles in political economy which are general-
ly admitted, that so far from being a nuisance or
dealers,—whose existence in these enlightened
a burden upon the community, the free colored times is a foul blot upon the escutcheon of all ci-
people of Pennsylvania are a valuable acquisition | vilized nations. Heretofore the only matter which
to the state. Perhaps these topics may be ex-
amined at another time. One thing more I will
has prevented the government of this country
mention before I dismiss the subject. Much has from uniting with Great Britain in an attempt to
been said in favor of separating the two races, A- suppress the trade, has been the settled determin-
frican and European. The condition of both, it is ation of the U. States not to sanction, in any
contended, would be benefited by their living shape, a principle strenuously contended for by
aparı, in separate communities. Now so far from
admitting the correctness of this opinion, I believe England, namely, the right of searching vessels
the very reverse to be true.
I think it may be on the high seas.
conclusively shown that, in the present state of this difficulty may in some manner be obviated,
It is to be hoped, however, that
things, the condition of both is greatly benefitted | and the star spangled banner” of America, be
by their living, as they now do, in the mutual ex-
change of advantages.
joined with the cross of England and the tricolor
“The whites are elevated, in the scale of civili- || of France, in a generous effort to vindicate the
zation and refinement, by the lower and most me-
nial services being performed by the colored race.
cause of the weak and the oppressed, and to put
For if not performed by them, they would necessa-
a final stop to a cruel and degrading and unrighte-
rially have to be performed by whites. And on the
other hand, the colored people are gradually receiv- the thews and the sinews" of an unoffending por-
ous traffic--an unholy bartering of the "blood and
ing that intellectual culture, which is derived from
their intercourse with a people whose opportunities tion of the human family.
of improvement have been greater than theirs." The English King thus alludes to the Conven,
of man.


160
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
VIATOR.
GRORGIA.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
their private funds, have been great in individual on the defenceless Africans, in our country."
instances, that came under the personal observa- || To say that a large portion of the states com-
tion of
posing our goverment, are entirely opposed
to slavery, will not remove the stigma even
In a previous number we briefly noticed the from those states, and still less from the na-
law of Georgia, offering a reward of five thousand
dollars for the arrest of the editor of the Bostontion at large, so long as its worst form is che-
Liberator. The Friend, or Advocate of Truth, rished in a spot which is alike governed by
thus pertinently alludes to the same subjeci.-C.
them all, and the seat of their general Legis-
“The legislature of Georgia, it seems, has pass-lature is suffered to be made the great mart
ed an act offering a “reward of rive THOUSAND for the traffic in human flesh. In allusion to
DOLLARS for the arrest, prosecution, and trial to
conviction, under the laws of that state, of the this well known fact Dr. Torrey says:-
editor or publisher of a certain paper called the “ The United States Jail is frequently
Liberator, published in the town of Boston and | occupied as a storehouse for the Slave
persons who shall utter, publish or circulate, with-merchants, and some of the rooms in a
in the limits of the state of Georgia, said paper tavern devoted chiefly to that use, are oc-
called the Liberator, or any other paper, pam-casionally so crowded, that the occupants
The orators in the legislature of Virginia would hardly have sufficient space to extend
do well to be on their guard. For anything we
themselves
upon
the floor."
know, a reward may be offered for their appre The voice of the whole people should be
hension and conviction. If the editor and pub-
lishers of the Liberator have made themselves lia-heard ou this subject in petitions innumera-
ble to a prosecution under any existing law, by ble and repeated, till their object is attained
the publication of that paper, how shall the states-
men of Virginia escape?' They have more than by the removal of this national disgrace. One
confirmed the facts, and sustained the arguments of the principal objects of the volume, is to re-
of the Liberator. "If the publication of opinions commend measures for the relief and, educa-
and arguments opposed to slavery be seditious in
the one case, the uttering of them cannot be less tion of the slaves and the gradual abolition of
so, in the other.”
slavery. Of his views respecting the meli-
oration and final abolition of slavery, his own
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
words will give the best explanation.
TORREY's PORTRAITURE OF SLAVERY.
The above mentioned work, which has gone
"Let Masters, without hesitation, be-
come Patrons, Guardians, Civil Govern-
through two editions, is a volume of about one
Let Slaves be converted into te-
hundred pages, written by Dr. Jesse Torrey of || nants or indented servants (or laborers)
Philadelphia, and published in 1818. It treats | bound for the present by the lamentable
of Slavery only as existing in the United crisis of existing circumstances. In com-
States, and may be read with much interest | pliance with the loud and imperative de-
by all who feel anxious for the honor and wel- | mands of justice and humanity, and the
fare of their country. The author relates ma- l injunctions of policy and self-interest, let
ny painfully interesting occurrences that came their toil be carefully and justly propor-
under his own observation, during the visit to
tioned to their bodily strength, and re-
the South, that appears to have originated
warded by a sufficiency of comfortable
this volume, which display the evils of Slave-
nourishinent, clothing, and shelter. And,
ry in a strong light and under a most appalling and diligence, let a reasonable sum be
particularly in cases of correct behaviour
aspect. The sketches given by him of the paid, monthly or annually, to those who
scenes which he beheld at the City of Wash-have discretion to make a proper use of it,
ington, bis description of the cruelties and or allotted and reserved for the education
misery as he there witnessed them, produced and eventual benefit of their children. Let
by the internal slave trade, and the facts he them be effectually protected from the ra-
discloses respecting the frequency of the vages of distilled spirits. Let them not be
criine of kiduapping free persons, and selling bought and sold as the beasts of the har-
them into illegal bondage, are sufficient to ness, without their consent, unless guilty
make every American citizen hang his head
of criminal conduct; and let this be decid-
in shame for the country of his birth. Dr. all the silver in the mines of Potosi, let an
ed by the laws of the country. Nor for
Torrey is perfectly correct in asserting that
ounce of iron ever be riveted on their
“ every citizen in the Republic, entitled to necks, wrists, or ancles ; for he who fa-
the right of suffrage, is responsible for his 'shioned those sections of their bodies ne-
proportionable quota of the miseries inflicted Iver designed them for such barbarous pur-
ors.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
161
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
poses !
Let the resounding lash, and the could not be “ ransomed” for a less sum than
savage arts of torture and cruelty be laid 100 millions of dollars. Now would it be
aside. The adoption of a discipline, || fair to empty the treasury of the nation in-
founded on justice and reciprocal equity, to the coffers of the south as a reward for a
will render these unnecessary. It is a ve-
mere act of long-withheld justice to a body of
ry important fact, in human nature, that
men, in all conditions, perform their duty toiled solely for their benefit ? as a reward
men who have for so long a series of years
with much more alacrity and pleasure,
when prompted by the exhilarating anti-for the disgrace with which for selfish pur-
cipation of reward and advantage, than | poses they have stained our country—for re-
by coercion, and the paralyzing inenace | nouncing their claims to a species of proper-
of penalties and pain."
ty to which no human laws could give them
This plan appears to be something similar | the right of possession, which they have re-
to that adopted by Mr. Steele of Barbadoes, || tained during the whole time it was profitable
with so much success. But that justice re-
to them and of which the renunciation will
quires the slaves to be “ ransomed” as Dr. T. now be tenfold more advantageous than the re-
expresses it, or compensation be made to tention ? Besides by Dr. Torrey's plan what
their masters for their emancipation, especial | would they lose except the privilege of tyran-
ly after the inanner he proposes, is a very in- || nizing over their slaves ? The services of
correct idea. The following are the principal | their laborers would still be theirs, only better
arguments on which he grounds his opinion. || directed and far more valuable than before.
“Laws ought to be responsible for their | If compensation is to be made, it should be to
own operations and results. If a law | the slave, for the long years of his unremu-
were enacted authorizing the sale of all nerated coils. To what amount it is due to
the debtors now in prison in the United || him, let our author himself state, from a page,
States, for unconditional and perpetual
servitude, with their posterity, and they
nearer the commencement of the volume.
should be accordingly sold, it would be
"It is certain that the labor of a slave
morally unjust with respect to the pur-
is of more value than the expense of his
chasers, but not the slaves, to proclaim an daily personal necessities, or he would
immediate emancipation, without restor- | not be sold, (notwithstanding the risk of a
ing the purchase money: that is, it would premature death,) for 400 or 900 dollars.
be unjust not to restore it. Hence the It is a logical truth, therefore, that the loss
people of the United States, considered of liberty to an industrious prudent man,
collectively as a nation, having confirmed || at the age of maturity, (without counting
and legalized the transfer (or abdication) | the irksomeness of uncontrolled control)
of the assumed power of African despots
is equal to the loss of a capital of 650 dol-
and banditti, to their assigns in America, || lars and the interest of it during his life;
which
and now holding the sovereignty over the amount, or more, he might obtain
laws in their own hands, are the master by a voluntary life-lease of his labor.
aggressors upon the victims of those sa Thus, if justice, uncontrolled by Power
vage tyrants, and are bound to make them and Law, were the arbiter between a
appropriate reparation. While justice is good slave at the age of 45 years, and his
rendered to the slave, renumeration is due master, she would find a balance due the
to the holder, for the loss he sustains in || slave of $1137,50."
consequence of his prior confidence of the The subject of the internal slave trade, oc-
continuation of his legal power over him.”|cupies principally the remaining part of the
It is therefore the conviction of the author volume, with facts and observations relative to
that it is the duty of the nation “to' ransom | kidnapping free persons of color. During
every human creature held in bondage for life, || bis stay in Washington, Dr. T. was fortunate
against his will, without accusation of crime; || enough to be the means of rescuing several
at an equitable valuation of his worth to the individuals of the latter class from the hope-
possessor under existing laws, within the ju- || less and interminable bondage into which they
risdiction of the republic.” In the first place were about to be hurried. An act for which
the whole number of 2,000,000 slaves, at an he deserves the blessing of every friend of
average price of*50 dollars, which would pro-emancipation, and which may shed a gleam of
bably be the lowest "valuation of their worth happiness over the darkest moments of his
to their possessors under existing laws," Hlife.
!


162
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
PRINCIPALLY CONDUCTED BY A LADY.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
Ladies' Repository.
system, which holds themselves, as well as their
slaves, in a species of bondage ; and shall female
Philanthropic and Literary,
aid be withheld from them in so doing? Will
our sisters rivet the chains of the captive with
their bribe of gold, and render more difficult the
abolition of a system, which is the source of so
WINTER.
much misery to thousands of their sex? We are
This is a word whose sound excites many, and confident, that if they would but do all that it is
very dissimilar ideas, in different bosoms. To ll in their power, and consequently their duty to do,
some it speaks of gay festivity, to others of the slavery could not much longer exist in the Uni-
quieter, but more delightful, friendly gatherings ied States. If even those who are already in-
round the social hearth. The invalid, and the terested in the cause of emancipation, would but
querrulous complainer, it tells of painful and
multiply societies among themselves, wherever
wearisome moments; the studious, of renewed
there is a sufficient number to form one (if it con-
mental occupation and improvement; and un-
sisted of no more than half a dozen persons) and
friended poverty, of many dreary hours of suf-
were earnest and persevering in their purposes,
fering and want. By those unhappy beings who
a striking change would ere long be manifest in
pine in unmitigated bondage, its return will pro- | the state of public opinion.
bably be almost unmarked. When the whole
life is one unvaried round of wretchedness, the al The Free Cotton AssociaTION.
terations of seasons can make but little difference.
For several months past we have heard but lit-
The clear summer sunshine cannot enlighten the tle of the proceedings of this Society. But we
clouded bosom of the slave, nor the gloom and sincerely hope that no dificulty or discouragement
mists of winter deepen the gross darkness of his may deter them from pursuing steadily, and with
ignorance. But to those who feel the condition of | a zeal that can feel no weariness, the path of use-
their enslaved fellow-creatures to be a drawback | fulness which they have marked out for themselves.
upon their own happiness, this season offers the That they have many difficulties to contend
best opportunity for active and efficient exertion; l with we are well aware; but they have notwith-
and we call upon them, most earnestly, for re-l standing this effected so much, that we think they
newed and unremitted efforts in their behalf. This may well be inspirited to continue the prosecution
is no time for supineness-no time to falter or
of their important object, even though obstacles
relax in their labors. Scarcely yet has the earth | and disappointments should seem to thicken
settled quietly down upon the red graves of those
around them.
who have perished by the hands of the exaspera-
We are glad to learn that the Free Dry Goods
ted slave; not yet have the hearts of those who Store belonging to Lydia White, of Philadelphia,
were made widows and orphans by the pitiless meets with considerable patronage. May the
doom of retribution, been soothed and comforted present year multiply twenty fold, both the num-
by the healing progress of slow-lapsing time. || ber of her customers, and her ability to supply
And is it the part of American women to sit down them with unpolluted merchandise.
and lament the past, or idly await the recurrence
of such another scene of calamity, without using
FLAVIA GARDINER.
their utmost endeavors to remove the cause of We have been much interested by the follow-
danger? Not if they dread as they ought, the ing brief obituary notice of this individual, a co-
awakening of man's wrathful passions!--not if lored woman, long resident at Pittsburg, who died
they shudder as we do, to look into the human on the 19th of the12th month, at the very advan-
soul when it is convulsed and deformed by rage, || ced age of one hundred and ten years. What a
and revenge, and bloodthirstyness! not if they l volume of events must the hand of Memory have
feel, as woman's heart ever should feel, for the opened before her, until the eyes of her mind be-
misery and unhappiness of others! Will they came too dim longer to distinguish the blurred
cling to a few paltry luxuries and comforts, when characters of its page!
the prosperity or wretchediess, perhaps even the " The deceased was a native of the Gold Coast,
life or death, of thousands of their fellow-creatures Guinea, and was kidnapped by a party of whites,
when she was about 14 years old, whilst she was
may be resting upon their self-tienial, and their | gathering shells on the seashore. She was thence
exertions? Will they drink the blood from the taken to Kingston, in the Island of Jamaica, and
veins of their fellow-creatures, and clothe them- sold as a slave, and lived in that place upwards of
selves with their flesh, (for what else is the con-
twenty years--she was then sold to a master that
took her from Kingston, to some other of the West
sumption of slave produce) and yet say that India Islands, and with whom she lived about ten
they have no part in the guilt or the perpetuation | years, when she was sold to a man that brought
of slavery? Our southern brethren, many of breaking out of the revolutionary war.
her to the colonies, about ten years before the
She en-
them, declare their wishes to rid themselves of a ll joyed good health generally, until a short time


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
163
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
before her decease, and has left behind her 9 chil- | Commonwealth of Massachusetts, actuated by a
dren, 31 grand children, and 22 great grand chil- | natural feeling for the welfare of our friends, have
dren'; total now alive of her descendants, 62.- thought fit to associate for the diffusion of know-
She was a person of great integrity, and her death || ledge, the suppression of vice and immorality,
is much regretted, as well by the white, as the and for cherishing such virtues as will render us
colored population of Pittsburg."
happy and useful to society, sensible of the gross
This account has brought forcibly to our mind ignorance under which we have too long labored,
some very fine lines by Montgomery, in a little | able to accomplish the object of our union-we
but trusting, by the blessing of God, we shall be
English book called the Negro's Forget Me Not. || have therefore associated ourselves under the name
We shall place them before our readers as an ap- of the Afric-American Female Intelligence Socie-
propriate comment on the above paragraph ; and ty, and have adopted the following Constitution.
we hope their stirring and powerful appeal will
Art. 1st. The officers of this society shall be a
President, Vice-President, Treasurer, Secretary,
not be unfelt.
and a Board of Directors of five-all of whom
INSCRIPTION
shall be annually elected.
Under the picture of an Aged Negro Woman. Art. 2d. Regular meetings of the Society shall
Art thou a woman? So am I; and all
be held on the first Thursday of every month, at
li That woman can be, I have been, and am ;
which each member shall pay twenty-five cents,
A daughter, sister, consort, mother, widow.
and pay twelve and a half cents at every monthly
Whiche'er of these thou art, O be the friend
meeting thenceforth.
Of one who is what thou canst never be !
Art. 3d. The money thus collected shall be ap-
Look on thyself, thy kindred, home, and country, || propriated for the purchasing of books, the hiring
Then fall upon thy knees, and cry " Thank God, of a room and other contingencies.
An English woman cannot be a slave !"
Art. 4th. The books and other articles pur-
Art thou a man? oh! I have known, have loved,
chased by this Society, shall be considered as the
Anu lost, all that to woman man can be ;
Society's property; and should the Society cease
to exist, said property shall be disposed of by auc-
A father, brother, husband, son, who shared
tion, and each member receive her proportional
My freedom, and my wo in bondage.
A childless widow now, a friendless slave,
part of the proceeds accruing from such sale.
17hat shall I ask of thee, since I have nought
Art. 11th. All candidates for membership shall
To lose but life's sad burden ; nought to gain
be of a good moral character, and shall be elected
B't heaven's repose-these are beyond thy power,
by a majority of the votes of the Society.
Art. 12th. All members who shall be absent at
Me thou canst neither wrong nor help; what then? the regular monthly meetings, shall be fined six
Go to the bosom of thy family,
Gather thy little children round thy knees,
and a quarter cents, unless a satisfactory apology
can be offered to the Society.
Gaze on their innocence; their clear full eyes, Art. 15th. Any member of this Society, of one
All fixed on thine; and in their mother mark
The loveliest look that woman's face can wear,
year's standing, having regularly paid up her dues,
who may be taken sick, shall receive one dollar
Her looks of love beholding them, and thee.
per week out of the funds of the Society as long
Then at the altar of your household joys, as consistent with the means of the institution.
Vow one by one, vow altoge: her, vow
With heart and voice, eternal enmity
Art. 18th. In case any unforeseen and afflictive
Against oppression by your brethren's hands;
event should happen to any of the members, it
Till man nor woman under Britain's laws,
shall be the duty of the Society to aid them as far
as in their power.
Nor son, nor daughter, born within her empire,
Shall buy, or sell, or hold, or be a slave!
Art. 19th. If any member shall neglect to pay
her regular monthly assessment, such person shall
be subject to a fine of twelve and a half cents per
FEMALE ASSOCIATIONS.
month until paid ; and if not paid at the end of a
We are glad to find that Associations, benevo- || year, she shall be removed therefrom by a vote of
lent and literary appear to be multiplying among the Society, and forfeit all claims thereto.
our colored sisters. We learn by the Liberator. || member to withdraw from the Society, she may
Art. 20th. Should circumstances cause any
that one has recently been established at Boston, | transfer her certificate of membership to any per-
under the name of The Afric-American Female | son approved of by this institution.
Intelligence Society. A literary association was
By-Laws.
also some months since organized by some of the Art. 1. Each member who wishes to speak shall
colored females of Philadelphia. We wish them rise and address the chair.
both success
und a long career of usefulness.-
Art. 2d. While any member addresses the chair
there shall be no interruption.
We hail with delight every intimation that our
Art. 3d. If any member becomes sick, it shall
Afric American sisters are becoming more sensi- | be made known to the President, who will in-
ble of the value of mental cultivation, and are
struct the Directors to visit the sick person, and
devise means for her relief.
exerting themselves to procure it.
We have
Art. 4th. Twelve members shall constitute a
copied the Preamble and such articles of the Con- | quorum to transact business.
stitution of the Boston Society as will best ex Art. 5th. Any person or persons who shall rash-
plain their objects and be most useful to those ly sacrifice their own health, shall not be entitled
to any aid or sympathy from the Society.
who may wish to imitate them.
Art. 6th. Each meeting of this Society shall be.
ConstitUTION
gin and end with prayer.
Of the Afric-American Female Intelligence Art. 7th. The Treasurer shall make quarterly
Society of Boston.
reports of the state of the funds.
PREAMBLE.
Art. 8th. The Secretary shall read the proceed.
Whereas the subscribers, women of color of the kings of the last meeting at each succeeding one.


164
GENICS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION
GERTRUDE.
Fja: Cz. L.
For the Germus of Conversai Łaananton. • There's many a bear, uat yet will start,
THE CONFESSIONS OF THE YEAR.
From its infibied slip, at night,
As the lo nid form of ue rengeti slave,
The gray old Year-the dying Year!
Cons in artans before the sight.
H. ands were weil nyt run;
Tl.e slave was cristid, and his lekkers link,
Win there cane one by in priest y weed,
Drawn tighter than before;
To ask of the deeds he'd 000€.
And the body tarih again was drench'd
Yiw Wij 1%, ere thou urais une jach,
With the streams ci as doring gure.
T:.y breiniren all have rode,
The scenes that life has shown to thee,
Ah! know ther not that the tightes: band,
C poni liine onward road.'
Mus! burst with the wides power ?
That the more tie sare is oppress'd and wrongd,
I've seen the sunbeam rise and sel,
Will be fiercer his rising hour?
As it rose and set before ;
And the hearts of men bent earthwardly,
They may thirust him back with the arm of might,
They may urer.ch the earth with his blood,
As they have been evernore,
But the best and purest of their own,
The christian raised his hallow'd fants,
Will blend withi the sanguine flood.
And bent the knee to God;
But his hand was strong, and guilt and wrong "I could tell thee more, but my strength is gone,
Defaced the earth he trod.
And my breath is wasting fast;
• The Indian by his forest streams,
Long e're the darkness io-night has fled,
Still chased the good red deer,
Will my life írom the earth have pass'd,
Or turn'd away to kneel and pray,
But this, the sum of all I have learn'd,
With the christian's faith and fear :
Ere I go I will tell to thee;
The hunting knife he flung aside,
If tyrants would hope for a tranquil heart,
He dropped the warrior blade,
They must let the oppress'd go free.'
And delved for bread, the soil o'er which
His fathers idly strayed.
• The white man gaw that gold was there,
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
And sought with savage hand,
AN APOLOGUE.
To drive his guiltless brother forth,
The wise and enlightened Rabbi Sa.
A wanderer o'er the land.
muel ben John, whose memory be blessed,
I saw-and gave the tale of shame,
To swell on history's page;
had three sons. His house was the abode
A blot upon Columbia's name,
of hospitality, and the stranger was daily
For many a future age.
nourished at his table.
His herds fed up-
*With aching brow, and wearied limb,
on a hundred hills, and rivers of plenty
The slave his toil pursued;
And oft I saw the cruel scourge
flowed around his feet. The voice of the
Deep in his blood embrued,
wretched also blessed him, and his praise
He till’d oppression's soil, where men
was in the assemblies of the people. Yet
For liberty had bled,
for all these things he was not happy, and
And the cagle wing of Freedom waved,
In mockery o'er his head.
the lip of the scorner was shot out against
“The earth was fill'd with the triumph-shout
him. Domestic dissensions embittered his
Of men who burst their chains ;
peace. He had forgotten to do justly in
But his, the heaviest of them all,
his own household, and when his neigh-
Still lay on his burning veins.
In his master's halls there was luxury,
bors extolled his virtues, they stopped
And wealth, and mental light;
suddenly and laid their hand upon their
But the very book of the Christian law,
lips. His
Was hidden from him in night.
youngest son was weak, and
ill-favoured in his father's eyes, and his
'In his master's halls there was wine and mirth,
heart turned not towards him with the
And songs for the newly free;
But his own low cabin was desolate
affection of a parent; but he placed the
Of all but miscry.
covering as of a leper upon his lip, that
He felt it all--and to bitterness
all men should turn aside from his path.
His heart within him turn'd,
While the panting wish for liberty,
way, and he gave him to be a bondman
Like a fire in his bosom burn'd.
in the house of one of his brethren. For
“The haunting thought of his wrongs grew changed a time the youth bore with the injustice
To a darker and fiercer hue ;
patiently, but the yoke of his servitude
Till the horrible shape it sometimes wore,
At last familiar grew.
pressed with an intolerable weight upon
There was darkness all within his heart,
his shoulders, and the cry of his weeping
And madness in his soul,
came up daily into the ear of his father.
And the demon spark in his bosom nursed, The heart of the other of his brethren
Blazed up beyond control.
melted also because of his anguish, and be
"Then came a scene-oh! such a scene!-
I would I might forget
besought his father for him. Then arose
The ringing sound of the midnight scream,
the Rabbi Samuel ben John, with whom
And the hearth-stone redly wet !
be peace, and went unto the house of his
The mother slain, while she shriek'd in vain
For her infant's baby life,
son, saying, Lo! all these years hath
And the flying form of the frighted child,
thy brother served thee, and thou has
Struck down by the bloody knife.
thriven and grown rich upon the fruit of
1


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION,
165
1
3
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
his labors : release him therefor now, I among the whites of St. Domingo, as well
pray thee, and let him go. But the elder | as the blacks, that Toussant never broke
son answered, I will not; and he took his his word. Accordingly, the British Ge-
brother and scourged him before the face | neral, trusting the promise of the negro
of his father. Also the other son be-chief, did not scruple to go to him with
sought his brother that he would release only two or three attendants, though it
the younger from his bonds; but he was a considerable distance from his own
would not hearken unto him. And the army, and he had to pass through a coun-
hearts of the young men waxed wroth || try full of negroes who had very lately
iowards each other, and there was discord | been his mortal enemies. Meanwhile
and bitterness between their houses.- Mons. Roleme, the French Commission-
Then the Rabbi Samuel ben John, whoseer
, wrote a letter to Toussant, urging him
memory be blessed, took sackcloth and to seize the British General and detain
girded himself
, and sat in the dust mourn him as a prisoner.
Of this plot the gene-
ing. And his daughter came and bowed ral received information by the way, but
herself before him. And she opened her proceeded forward nevertheless. When
mouth and spake, saying, not the General Ma
and and his attendants ar-
heart of my father be troubled. Lo look rived at Toussant's head quarters, he was
now round about thee, and consider the food | not to be seen. The general was de-
that is upon thy table, and the raiment sired to wait, and after much delay, the
that is upon the forms of thine household. | Negro Chief did not still appear. Gene-
Is it not the toil of thy son for whom thoural Maitland's mind began to misgive him,
mournest that hath supplied thee with | as was natural, upon a reception seeming-
these things ? and thou hast also bought | ly so uncivil, and so much falling in with
them with thy money from the hands of the warning he had received. But at
his brother whom thy son serveth. Now length Toussant came out, with two let-
therefore, if thou, and my brother, and all ters open in his hand.—"There, General,"
his household, will no more buy of the said the upright Chief, " read these before
fruits of the labor of thy son who is in we talk together; the one is a letter just
bondage, then will he whom he serveth, | received from Roleme, and the other my
break off from his neck the yoke of op- | answer. I would not come to you till I
pression. And her advice seemed good had written my answer to him, that you
in the ears of her father, and in the ears may see how safe you are with me, and
of his son, and they followed it. And the how incapable I am of baseness.”
storehouses of the elder were filled with General Maitland read the letters, and
goods, but no man bought of them, and found the one, an artful attempt to excite
he lacked many things; and his wife and Toussant to seize his guest, as an act of
his daughters murmured because of their duty to the republic ; the other, a noble and
want. Then he arose and came to his indignant refusal. Toussant's answer to
father, and to his brother, and said unto Roleme was in the following noble strain :
them-Lo, I have sinned against my bro ." What, have I not passed my word to
ther, but I have repented me of mine ini." the British General; how then can you
quity, and have let him go free. Then" suppose that I will cover myself with
his father and both his brethren took him, "dishonor by breaking it? His reliance
and kissed him, and forgave him. And on my good faith leads him to put him-
there was joy in the heart of the Rabbi "self in my power, and I should be fore-
Samuel ben John, whose memory be
ver infamous were I to act as you advise.
blessed, and in the hearts of all his house I am faithfully devoted to the republic,
hold.
"but will not serve it at the expense of
my conscience."
Che Olio.
“O FREEDOM! first delight of human kind."
: TOUSSANT, THE NEGRO CHIEF.
DRYDEN.
In 1802 during the short interval of || SHARON T'URNER, in his interesting
peace between England and France, “History of the Anglo-Saxons," says, “ It
Maitland, the British General who had was then (during the reign of Pope Gre-
been at war with Toussant, went to his gory I.) the practice of Europe to make
camp in the country, in order to settle
use of slaves, and to buy and sell them ;
some points with him previous to the em- and this traffic was carried on, even in the
barkation of his troops. It was a proverb ll western capital of the Christian Church,
(6
C.
(
ANCIENT SLAVERY IN ENGLAND.
}


160
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
VERY.
Passing through the market at Rome the the generous gifts which they appear to
white skins, the flowing locks, and beau-have made them. The grants of land
tiful countenances of some youths who | from masters to their servants were very
were standing there for sale, interested common; gilds or social confederations,
Gregory's sensibility. To his inquiries were established. The tradesmen of the
from what country they had been brought, || Anglo-Saxons were, for the most part,
the answer was, from Britain, whose in- men in a servile state ; but by degrees the
habitants were all of that fair complex- | manumission of slaves increased the num.
ion. Were they Pagans or Christians ? | ber of the independent part of the lower
was his next question : a proof not only of orders.”
his ignorance of the state of England, but When the statute 1st Edward VI. c. 3.
also, that up to that time it had occupied was made, which ordained, that all idle
no part of his attention ; but thus brought|vagabonds should be made slaves, and fed
as it were to a personal knowledge of it upon bread, water, or small drink, and re-
by these few representatives of its inhabi- || fuse of meat ;-should wear a ring round
tants, he exclaimed, on hearing that they | their necks, arms, or legs; and should be
were still idolators, with a deep sigh, compelled by beating, chaining, or other-
• What a pity that such a beauteous fron-wise, to perform the work assigned them,
tispiece should possess a mind so void of were it ever so vile;—the spirit of the na-
eternal grace.' The name of their nation tion could not brook this condition, even
being mentioned to be Angles, his ear in the most abandoned rogues, and there-
caught the verbal coincidence—the bene-fore this statute was repealed in two years
volent wish for their improvement darted afterwards, 3rd and 4th of Edward VI. c.
into his mind, and he expressed his own 16.
feelings, and excited those of his auditors,
by remarking—'It suits them well, they | RHODE ISLAND THE FIRST AGAINST SLA-
have angel faces, and ought to be the co-
heirs of the angels in heaven.'
From the Providence American.
"The different classes of society among
Our venerable fellow townsman, Moses
the Anglo-Saxons were such as belonged Brown, has copied, in his own hand, and
to birth, office, or property, and such as sent us for publication, a document, be-
were occupied by a freeman, a freedman, lieved to be the first act of any govern-
or one of the servile description. It is to ment designed to prevent enslaving the
be lamented, in the review of these differ- | blacks. It is honorable to the state.-
ent classes, that a large proportion of the Our respected correspondent accompanies
Anglo-Saxon population was in a state
the
copy, with some appropriate remarks,
of abject slavery; they were bought and exhibiting a remarkable instance of vigor
sold with land, and were conveyed in the ous intellect and active philanthropy,
grants of it promiscuously with the cattle an extreme age, when, in the common
and other property upon it: and in the course of nature, the strength of man-fail-
Anglo-Saxon wills, these wretched beings | eth, and he becomes as a child.
were given away precisely as we now dis For the Daily Advertiser and American.
pose of our plate, our furniture, or our Observing in the transcribed State re-
money.
cord, an ancient Act of our Government,
At length the custom of manumission, I send a copy for publication, as it shows
and the diffusion of Christianity, melio- | the inhabitants of that day had a much
rated the condition of the Anglo-Saxon better idea of liberty and the rights of man
slaves. Sometimes individuals from be- | than too many of their descendants now
nevolence, gave their slaves their freedom have; and that too, at a time when Ro-
-sometimes piety procured a manumis- ger Williams was gone to England, so not
sion. But the most interesting kind of enacted by him, which I mention because
emancipation appears in those writings || the just credit due to others of our ances-
which announce to us, that the slavestors has not only been neglected, but has
had purchased their own liberty, or that been ascribed to him, by writers respecting
of their family. The Anglo-Saxon laws our liberties, civil and religious. It will,
recognized the liberation of slaves, and I hope, serve as a momento to our mem-
placed them under legal protection. Thebers of Congress, to do all they can to re-
liberal feelings of our ancestors to their move the reproach which lies on the Con-
enslaved domestics are not only evinced gregs of the United States, by suffering
in the frequent manumissions, but also in Il slavery, and kidnapping of people of color


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
167
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
and selling them into slavery, to continue | people of colour in that commonwealth.
in the city of Washington, under their im- || The bill appropriates for the object $35.
mediate government, to the disgrace of 000 for the present year, and $90,000 for
the United States, and of every State in the year 1833; and the emigrants to be
the General Government, that does not in- | transported to some place beyond the li-
struct their members to use their endea-mits of the United States, left to the discre-
vors to have that black stain removed from tion of the Central Board. This Board is
our country
to consist of the Governor, Treasurer, and
“At a General Court, held at War- | Auditor, ex officio, who are clothed with
wick the 18th of May, 1652.
the power of appointing agencies at Nor-
“Whereas there is a common course folk, Petersburg, or other places. -Nat.
practised among English men; to buy ne-Intelligencer.
groes to that end they may have them for
service or slaves for ever; for the prevent THE SLAVE TRADE.-Some of the Bri-
ing of such practices among us, let it be || tish vessels on the coast of Africa, being
ordered that no black mankind or white in pursuit of a slave vessel, the villains
being shall be forced by covenant, bond or
on board of her threw 180 slaves into the
otherwise, to serve any man or his assign-sea, manacled together, four of whom
ees longer than ten years, or until they were picked up and saved. We hope
come to be twenty-four years of age, if | that all nations will soon agree to regard
they be taken in under fourteen, from the this trade outlawed, so that the simple
time of their coming within the liberties || fact of being caught with slaves on board
of this Colony-at the end or term of ten | shall cause the death of every person en-
years to set them free, as the manner is gaged in the business. A few well-armed
with English servants. And that man vessels would then soon end this infernal
that will not let them go free, or shall sell business, -and it must be seized with &
them away elsewhere, to that end that
strong hand.-26.
they may be enslaved to others for a long-
er time, he or they shall forfeit to the Colo-
Errors in the. Census relating to the
ny 40 pounds."
Slaves in the Free States.-In obedience
To the credit of the members that
to a late resolution of the House of Repre-
enacted this law, I subjoin their names, sentatives of the United States, Mr. Li-
from the record.
vingston has given an explanation of the
The general officers were John Smith, | returns of the Census which represented
President. Thomas Olney, General As- || several slaves, as living in some of the
sistant, from Providence. Samuel Gorton, | free states. Of the four in Massachusetts,
from Warwick. John Geeen, General is said to be 100 years old or upwards,
corder. Randal Holden, Treasurer. in the family of Joseph Cummings, of An-
Hugh Bewett, Gen. Sergeant.
dover, Essex County; and one of about
The Commissioners were, from Provi- || the same age in the family of Prince
dence, Robert Williams, Gregory Dexter, Walker, in Barre, Worcester County.
Richard Waterman, Thomas Harris, Wil- | The oiher two were set down as slaves by
liam Wickenden, and Hugh Bewett
- 1
mistake. The six returned as slaves in
From Warwick, Samuel Gorton, John Maine are all free. The few slaves, who
Wickes, John Smith, Randal Holden, || still remain in the Eastern States and
John Green, Jr. and Ezekiel Holliman.
other states, where slavery is not allowed,
are those who are unable, through age or
MARYLAND.-It may be expected, we | infirmity, to provide for their own support,
think, that the legislature of this state, at and are allowed to depend upon their mas-
the present session, will pass a strong law ters. There have been no slaves in Mas-
to prevent the introduction of slaves and | sachusetts for more than fifty years.
the ingress of free persons of color, and also
making liberal provisions for the coloniza-
tion and comfort of such of the latter as shall
For circulating seditious pamphlets, im-
be willing to remove to Africa.--Niles.
prisonment, pillory, and whipping-for
the second offence, death; for teaching a
VIRGINIA LEGIBLATURE.-Free Ne- black to read or write, or to sell him books
groes.--A bill has passed the House of or pamphlets, subjects a white to a fine of
Delegates of Virginia, by a vote of 79 to 200 dollars, a free negro to fine, imprison-
41, providing for the removal of the freell ment, and whipping, and a slave to 39
17
one
1
LEGISLATION IN NORTH CAROLINA.


168
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
next, 1832.
lashes. Slaves may be emancipated if
AUTHORIZED AGENTS.
the owner gives bonds in a thousand dol Jacob Janney-Penn. Avenue, Washington, D.
lars for each that they shall behave well C. opposite Barnard's Hotel.
William R. Jones—No. 18, Market-street, Bal-
while in the State, and leave it in ninety
timore, Maryland.
days never to return. If they neglect to Abner M. Plummer-Newmarket, do.
leave, they are to be sold, and a legal title Samuel Brown-Winchester, Virginia.
is assured to the purchaser.
Jonathan Taylor, Jr.-Purcell's Store, do
Rich'd Mendenhall-Jamestown, N. C.
Thos. Moore, P. M. -Newgarden, do.
The African colonists at Monrovia have
Thos. Lundy-Huntsville, Surry Co. do.
established a reading room.
Editors and M. Long, P. M.-Long's Mills, do.
J. Newlin, P. M.-Lindley's Store, da
others, friendly to the cause of education,
B. Swaim, Esq.--New-Salem, do.
are invited to forward papers and books for Rev. H. M'Millan,Chesterville, S. C.
the use of the room,
Samuel Holliman-Wrightsboro', Ga.
Thos. Doan-Newmarket, Jeff. Co. Tenn.
Jas. Jones, P. M.—Unitia, Blount Co. do.
VIRGINIA. The bill from the House
Elijah Embree, P. M.-Pactolus, do.
of Delegates, appropriating $35,000 for William Bryant-Nashville, do.
the present year, and $90,000 for next William Mack, Columbia, do.
James Askins-Fayetteville do.
year, to be applied to the removal, with
James Alexander- Washington, Hempstead Co
their own consent, of the free colored peo Arkansas Ter.
ple of Virginia, to some place without Rev. Jesse Haile-Springfield, Illinois.
the jurisdiction of the United States, has
Rev. John F. Crow, P. M.--Hanover, Ia.
Smith & Bulla-Centreville, do.
been rejected in the Senate of that state. Rev. M. Jamieson-Mount-Sterling, Ky.
Joseph Lormer—Mount-Washington, do.
PREMIUM FOR RICE.
Joseph B. Chapman-Waynesville, Ohio.
The sum of TWENTY DOLLARS will be given Dr. Joseph Stanton-Springborough, do.
23 a premium, over and above the market price, William Lewis-Harrisville, do.
for Five Casks of Fresh Rice, of good quality, A. Baer, Jr.-Osnaburg, Stark Co. do.
raised by Free Labor, and delivered in Philadel Thomas Chandler-Adrian, Michigan Ter.
phia, to Charles Peirce, before the first of June William P. Richards-Wilmington, Del.
Joseph Sharpless-No. 22, N. 4th street, Phili-
The gentleman above named, is well known as delphia, Penn.
a very respectable Grocer in Philadelphia, who Joseph Cassey-No. S. 4th street, do. do.
has, for several years past, made it a particular bu A. Marshall, Esq.-Westchester, do.
siness to keep articles in his line that are exclu Dr. E. Michener-Londongrove, do.
sively the production of free labor.
Dr. B. Fussell — Kennett Square, do.
The premium, together with the market price, Joel Wierman-York Springs, Adams Co. do..
will be promptly paid, on the delivery of the Rice, Lindley Coates-Gap P. o. Lan. Co. do.
accompanied by proper reference and vouchers Jehu Lewis-Bethleham, Wash. Co. do.
from some respectable person who is known in Richard Lundy-Mount Holly, N.J.
Philadelphia.
Theodore Davisson-Trenton, do.
Benjamin Acton-Salem, do.
THE
Zachariah Webster-Plainfield, do.
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION. James Wilson, Jr.--Alamouchy P. 0. Sussex
Vol. XII.
County, do.
The object and character of this work are wel Mahlon Day-No. 376 Pearl-st. N. Y. City.
known. It has been published ten years, and cir John Lockwood-Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
culated in all the States of this Union, in Canada, Charles Marriott-Hudson, do.
the West Indies, Europe and Africa. It is exclu-
A bijah Purinton-Troy, do.
sively devoted to the subject of the Abolition of Sla-
Thomas Shotwell-Marengo. do.
sery, on the American Continent and Islands.
Lyman A. Spalding-Lockport, do.
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.
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The work will, henceforth, be issued monthly.
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It will be neatly printed on fine paper, and folded William Loyd Garrison-Boston, Mass.
in the octavo form, each number making sixteen
Samuel Rodman, Jr.--New-Bedford, do.
large pages.
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The price of subscription will be One Dollar per Rev. N. Paul--London C. H. Upper Canada.
annum, always to be paid in advance.
Subscribers who do not particularly specify the
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time they wish to receive the work, or notify the
Editor of a desire to discontinue it before the expi-
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ration of each current year, will be considered as
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POSTAGE
bills will be forwarded accordingly.
The postage of the Genius of Universal Eman-
Agents will be entitled to six copies for every cipation is now the same as that of weekly news-
five dollars remitted to the Editor, in current mo papers. One cent and a half, for each paper, is
ney of the United States.
the highest that can be legally charged within the
All letters and communications intended for United States. If the distance be less than one
this office, must be addressed, free of expense, to hundred miles, but one cent can be demanded.-
BENJAMIN LUNDY, Washington, D.C. Do Post-masters will please attend to this no-
DP A few copies of the Eleventh Vchime, com tice. The Post-Office in Washington forwards
plete, for sale.
it under this regulation


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
EDITED BY B. LUNDY-PUBLISHED IN WASHINGTON AND BALTIMORE—$1.00 PER ANN.
"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, and endowed by their Creator with certain
inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."-Declaration of Independence, U.S.
No. 11. Vol. II. THIRD SÉRIES.)
APRIL, 1832.
(WHOLE NUMBER 275. VOL. XII.
TOUR IN UPPER CANADA.
this expounder of the revenue laws (he was a
In the last number of the Genius of Universal || Deputy) exacted about seven dollars, for duties
Emancipation we inserted a statement of the pro- and fees on a few books and pamphlets, with a
ceedings of the colored emigrants at the Wilber-| little writing paper. I was afterwards told that
force Settlement, in the province of Upper Cana-| the demand was illegal; but I had not, then,
da. The writer, having travelled through that | leisure to contest it.
province, from Queenston to Detroit, and made It is known, to the intelligent reader, that
many inquiries and observations, thinks it advise- || Queenston is situated on the west bank of the
able to publish the result thereof, for the infor-Niagara river, about seven miles below the cele-
mation of such as are now. turning their eyes | brated Falls, at the foot of what is called “the
towards that region, as a place of refuge for the mountain,” which extends from the head of Lake
persecuted colored people of these States. As Ontario, in Upper Canada, far east, and parallel
this tour was performed in the winter, however, with the southern shore of said lake. This
there was no opportunity to judge of the quality“ mountain” is nothing more than the old bank or
of the soil, (except in a few instances,) but by | margin of the lake ; and there can be no doubt
the timber, shrubbery, &c., which could be seen
that the great Falls were once at the verge of
above the snow. To supply the deficiency in this elevation, near the place where the village of
personal observation, minute inquiry was very || Queenston now stands. In process of time, how.
frequently made; and it is believed that this, || ever, the water has cut away the earth and rock,
together with a pretty general knowledge of the for the space of seven miles ! and it is still pro.
various growth that may be expected on light | gressing-slowly, but steadily-towards the outlet
or heavy soils, has furnished the means of form- of Lake Erie. The village of Queenston is to.
ing correct opinions, and drawing tolerably accu- || lerably well situated, and appears to be in a re-
rate conclusions, upon the particular point here ther improving condition. There are a number of
adverted to. As much brevity has been used, in mercantile stores, some mechanics' shops and tą
the narration, as would be consistent with a clear || verns, and a few public buildings; but there does
view of matters and things connected with the not seem to be any very extensive business car.
purposes of the tour ;—though, upon some occa- ried on there. Some of the buildings are of brick
sions, the reader may, at first, think that more and stone; but a large proportion consist of
prolixity has been indulged than was absolutely wood. Before taking leave of the place, it should
necessary.
be mentioned, that the heights, back of Queens-
The notes of this tour, commenced at Queens- | ton, were the scene of an engagement between
ton, where the author arrived at the date first the United States and British armies, in the time
mentioned therein. We insert them as follows: of the last war; and that it was here the cele-
Queenston, U, C., January 13th, 1832.
brated General Brock lost his life. His monument
Having taken lodgings at Lewiston, N. Y. last is erected near the spot where he fell, in a very
evening, I crossed the river, to Queenston, imme- || conspicuous situation, from the top of which there
diately after breakfast, this morning. The wea- is a grand view of the upper part of Lake Onta.
ther had been severely cold, for several weeks rio, and the circumjacent country for a great dis-
past, and much ice was collected on the margin tance around.
of the river. We had some difficulty in getting
About the middle of the day, I got all things
into the ferry boat-but, at length, found our- | arranged, and took the stage, for Hamilton.-
selves safe on the Canada shore. I had scarcely || There being a sufficiency of snow, the stage-box
put my trunk down, at the stage office door, when was placed on runners, and we travelled on fine-
a man, of quite an ordinary appearance, stepped || ly. The weather was moderate, and being de
up to it, and, giving it a jerk one side, abruptly || sirous to note every thing of importance as we.
said, in a tone of authority: "Open that.” I un- | passed along, I took a stand with the driver, on
derstood him he was the Custom House officer the front of the vehicle.
-and it was his business to see that travellers do Proceeding along near the foot of the “moun-.
not smuggle goods into the province, under the ap- tain,” in a westerly direction, we have, on our
pellation of "baggage,” to defraud the revenue. || right hand, a beautiful, level, and exceedingly
Although I had nothing to sell, except a few in-| fertile country, partly clothed with a thick forest,
complete volumes, or files, of my periodical work, ll and partly checquered with fine farms,—and on


170
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
Two weekly news-
our left a stupendous ridge, of almost 300 feet mechanics' shops, &c., &c.
perpendicular height, faced, in places, with a wallpapers are also issued. My stay was short, and
of limestone rock, on the summit of which strag- I did not learn what encouragement is given to
gling pines, scrubby oaks, and dwarf cedars, oc the arts and sciences; what attention paid to the
casionally appear.
(The traveller, who has education of youth ; or what regulations exist,
crossed the “American Bottom,” above Kaskas- || relative to the duties of religion. The stage roads,
kia, in Illinois, has seen a good sample of this from Queenston and York to Detroit, here come
ridge, in the old bank of the Mississippi.) About | together. This place is about equidistant from
three miles from Queenston, is situated the little the two first mentioned. The stage runs daily in
village of St. Davids. There are a few neat hou- the summer, and tri-weekly in the winter, as far
ses here,-but not much business seems to be west as Brantford; and the mail is carried through,
doing. Five miles further on, we come to Ten to Detroit, three times a week. The country, a-
Mile Creek. Here are a few scattering houses, round here, is said to be thickly settled, and many
giving the place the appearance of a village. It of the inhabitants wealthy. Situated near the
is, however, of little consequence. From thence, || lake, the advantages of commerce are great; and
the distance is three miles to St. Catherines, where | both town and country must improve.
something more like business appears to be going Between 8 and 9 o'clock, in the morning, our
on. We see nothing there, however, worthy of stage driver notified the passengers that he was
particular notice. The next place of note is Ha- ||“ ready to go.” All of them huddled into the
milton, situated near the head of Lake Ontario, and comfortable enclosure, but myself. I again took
forty-eight miles west of Queenston. We ar a standing place, with our Jehu,-from whence I
rived here about half past 8 o'clock in the even could “see what was to be seen,” as we traversed
ing, and took lodgings at a tolerably passable the “King's dominions.” We now take the road
tavern, which is kept as a stage house.
towards Detroit, bearing a little more to the south
The country, through which we passed to-day, || of west, than before. The weather is tolerably
exhibited a sameness of appearance, the whole good for the season. The snow is not as deep as
distance. The fine and level alluvion, on our to the eastward. We soon find ourselves rising
right, alternately presented heavy, dense forests, the "mountain ;” and here we leave the beauti-
and numerous fields and improvements. The ful alluvial country, bordering the lake. The
whole is clear of stone, as I was told, on the sur road is good, up the hill, though the ascent is
face. The timber, on this tract, consists of oak, steep. The view of Burlington Bay, and the
hickory, sugar maple, beach, ash, elm, bass, &c., || head of Lake Ontario, together with the vast ex-
&c., indicating a strong, rich soil. The appear tent of country adjacent, as we rise this proud
ance of the inhabitants, their style of building, eminence, is grand and sublime! On reaching
improving farms, and general mode of living, is the top of the hill, we have before us a different
much like what we meet with in the western | kind of a country from that we have just left.---
parts of New-York. A large proportion of them We have no “mountain” to descend, but are
have, indeed, emigrated from the United States. | presented with fine level and beautifully rolling
Some English, Scotch, and Irish, are to be found || land, though the soil is, evidently, of a lighter cast:
The white emigrants from the U. There is a good deal of pine timber, mingled with
States are all termed “ Yankees.” The produc- the oak, &c. Proceeding about seven miles, we
tions of the soil are about the same, here, as in come to the village of Ancaster. In future time
New-York, New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, &c. The it will, probably, be more noted for classical re-
country being thickly settled, game is scarce.- ference, than any thing else-some little matter
Fish are plenty in the lakes and streams. The || having occurred here, during the late war, which
water is pure and wholesome. Land sells too | history recognizes. It is an insignificant place,
high, in this section, for the poorer class of emi- and little note was taken of it. The land,
grants. The wealthy may find advantageous about here, is somewhat hilly, and lightly timber-
locations, for the investment of capital.
ed-soil rather inferior, no doubt. We now pass
January 14th. through a country considerably diversified, as re-
At day-light, this morning, I took a walk out, || lates to soil and settlement. In some places the
to view the town. Hamilton is, truly, a beauti- | pine timber is very plenty ; in others the general
fully situated village. It is laid off on a kind of varieties of oak, &c., &c., prevail. Some par-
secondary elevation, a short distance from the ticular sections are well watered and fertile, and
foot of the “mountain,” so often before alluded to. some are sandy and barren. There are nume-
The plat of the town is delightful. There are rous fine farms on the road.
some handsome buildings in the place, though not After a few hours' ride, we come to the thriv-
many for public uses. They have a neat Courting village of Brantford. This place is situated
House and Jail-several pretty good Inns-about twenty-five miles west of Hamilton. It takes its
a dozen mercanti stores-a fair proportion of name from Brant's Ford, across Grand River, im-
among them.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
171
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
66
ve-
mediately in the neighborhood of the town. Here |“ free” government, where they can tyrannize over
is a large settlement of the Mohawk Indians. the colored man with impunity! and take up their
They are quite a civilized people. They have a abode among MONARCHISTs, where all are “free
village, about two miles to the east of this place, and equal !” they would act 'wisely to assume
where there is a Meeting for worship, at which
fewer airs, and submit, cheerfully, like good liege
an Episcopal Clergyman regularly officiates.— " subjects,” to the regulations adopted by the go-
It is called the “Mohawk Parsonage.” This vernment of their choice.
place is the residence of the celebrated Brant Fa-
The village of Brantford is quite a neat and
mily, one of whom was, a short time since, return- stirring little place. It has an Episcopal Church,
ed as a member of the Provincial Parliament.- and one or more schools. It is situated on the
It appeared, however, that a few illegal votes
bank of the river, which is, here, a stream of some
were given for him, and his seat was denied him. I importance, though not navigable for large vés-
But I heard several white persons remark, that if sels. There is a handsome bridge erected over it,
he offers again, as a candidate, he will, no doubt, | opposite the town. A grist-mill, running four pair
be fairly elected. He is a full blooded Indian, of stones, is located within its limits; and several
well educated, and, as the white people say,
saw-mills are in operation, near by. There are
ry much of the gentleman.” Until now, I saw
about a dozen mercantile stores, (several of which,
very few of the African race in Canada. A con-
however, are very small,) a considerable number
siderable number of them reside in Brantford. of mechanics' shops, that make a good appear-
There appears, also, to be a good deal of mixture ance, and two pretty good taverns, in the village.
of American, European, and African blood (but They talk of cutting a Canal, from this place to
especially the two first) in this section of country. | Erie and Ontario.
intersect the Welland Canal, between the Lakes
The tout ensemble of the
As the stage would not leave Brantford before the
morning of the 16th, and being myself, a little country, around, is handsome ; but, from the ap-
unwell, I was detained at a public house. The soil, on the uplands, is very light. The river bot-
pearance of the timber, &c., I incline to think the
accommodation was good.
toms are, no doubt, more fertile. The settlements
January 15th.
on either side of the road, for some distance, are
This being the first day of the week, the places
of business are closed, and all is still and quiet. beyond the Indian reservation, are
extensive, and quite dense. The inhabitants,
mixture of
On our arrival, yesterday, many Indians were in Europeans and Americans. A settlement of co-
town, and a few of them staid about the taverns
lored people is located a few miles to the north of
pretty late in the evening. Some of them, as well | this place, which goes by the name of Woolwich.
as the blacks and whites, drank quite freely; and || There is said to be a considerable number of emi-
I learn, this morning, that a fracas occurred in grants from the U. S. there ; and they are repre-
our landlord's bar-room, among the heterogeneous | sented as doing well.
assemblage there. Having retired early, I knew
January 16th.
nothing of it. The blame was thrown upon the
The stage set out, pretty early this morning,
"negroes,” by the bar-keeper, who was a
"Yan-
for London C. H. in the direction of Detroit.-
- kee” of “high pressure" prejudice, but it did not
The weather had been mild, for a day or two, but
amount to much ; and, to-day, very few Indians
was now cold and frosty. The snow was so light,
or blacks are to be seen in the public places.
that the sleighing was very poor. We crossed
By the way, it may not be amiss to observe, the river on the bridge, before mentioned, and
that the white emigrants, from the United States,
went some distance up along its western bank.-
retain all the prejudice, here, that they formerly | Then, rising the hill, we took leave of it, and en-
held against the colored people in their native | tered a level, thinly timbered, tract of country,
country. And the latter, being admitted to equal | through which we passed several miles, without
privileges with them, under this government, are | meeting with a single house. The timber, here,
accused of being “saucy." Perhaps there is some consists, solely, of scrub oak. Scarcely a bush, of
ground for the charge; for when we reflect that || any other kind, is to be seen; and the land is,
the colored people are now released from the probably, a good deal sterile. The high lands,
shackles of degradation, and yet frequently pro near the river, on either side, exhibit a rather
voked by the taunts, and gibes, and supercilious || dwarfish growth of timber, of various species.-
treatment, of the “Yankees,” we need not won || Very little pine is met with in its vicinity. Oak,
der at their indulging their resentment, sometimes, || hickory, &c., predominates. There is, also, some
too far, and even behaving with impropriety. But hazel to be seen, in places. Although the gene-
when the whites,themselves, clear their skirts of the ral appearance is unfavorable to the idea of a fer-
guilt of being “saucy,” in their deportment to tile country, I was told that the land, for the most
wards the blacks, I apprehend that we shall hear || part, produces well. I noticed some stacks of
little more of this kind of complaint. Indeed, if very fine timothy hay, by the road side, and
our good REPUBLICANS choose to leave their ll the corn stalks were large in some of the fields


172
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
that we passed by. About five or six miles west of descends as it extends southwestward. The re-
Brantford, the land is, evidently, of a better qua- ||gular and elegant wall of trees, on either hand,
lity. It becomes more rolling, better watered, and || whose spiral tops reach (seemingly) to the hea-
the timber is diversified. A little white pine is inter-vens—their beautiful evergreen hue—the deep,
mixed with it. Proceeding fifteen or twenty miles | impervious shade, beneath their small and straight
further still, we entered a very rich tract of country; yet intertwining branches--all, viewed together,
and I learn that it extends a considerable distance appears at once pleasing, sublime, and solemn.-
in every direction. Oak, hickory, beach, ash, sugar Some of the trees are very large; and in no other
tree, bass, elm, &c., are the prevailing kinds of tim-place have I ever seen a forest so compact-such a
ber. There is a little poplar, walnut, and cherry, vast quantity of timber on any particular space of
and also some elder, and sumach, (but no pine,) in | ground. After proceeding five or six miles, over a
this particular section. The land lies exceedingly || tract of country in which stumps are by far more nu-
well; and the soil is unquestionably strong. The
merous than corn hills should be! we lose the pine
society of Friends have a settlement, at a place timber again, and find ourselves in a rich country of
called Norwich, a little to the south of our road, and || beautiful rolling land, well settled, and handsome-
about twenty-five miles from Brantford. The
ly cultivated. We several times pass within
country, through which we now pass, is newly
sight of the river, which gradually increases in
and thinly settled; and the roads are bad.
size as we proceed towards its mouth, but it is
At a distance of thirty miles from the last men-
not yet navigable for vessels of burden. At
tioned place, we come to a tavern and stage house.
about 7 o'clock in the evening, we arrived at the
Here the country has been long settled. We see
stage house of Hiram Martin, three miles south
fine farms, and comfortable dwellings, as we pass of London C. H. and sixty miles from Brantford.
along; and the land lies well for cultivation. It For a great part of the distance, the snow was
is also said to be of a good quality. We are now
near the head waters of the river Thames, the light, (except in the woods,) and the roads were
principal branch of which flows within a mile of rough. The body of a curtained coach had been
the stage house, just adverted to. The character placed on sleigh runners, for the accommodation of
of the inhabitants is much the same, in this part
our stage passengers; but, for my own part, I rode
of Canada, as further to the eastward ; and their the whole day on the outside, standing all the while
on my feet. The weather was mild, in the latter
general mode of living is, likewise, very similar.
Five miles from the aforesaid stage house, we
part of the day, and the snow melted considerably.
cross a fine stream, called Ingersoll's Creek. It
(To be continued.)
falls into the Thames, a mile or more to the north
of our road. This place has the appearance of a
THE COLONY AT LIBERIA.
small village. They have a fine grist-mill, a saw By a recent arrival from the American Colony,
mill, a store, and sundry mechanics' shops; and in Africa, the “Liberia Herald,” of December
I should suppose that a good deal of business is | 22d, has been received in Washington. The
done there. Passing on, somewhat further, we following extract from an article in that paper,
have a view of the Thames. It may, here, bel (which we copy from the National Intelligencer,)
called a good large mill stream. Its banks are shows that our old friend, Russwurm, is betrayed
bold and dry; and its waters are clear and trans- | into some errors, by his zeal in favor of African
parent. Its course is somewhat serpentine, yet colonization. We must set him right.
our road, henceforth, keeps near it, occasionally, “From late occurrences at the south, (the Vir-
for a great distance. Although the river is too ginia Insurrection, &c.,) which we deplore as much
small to navigate, to much advantage, thus far, I that a new impulse will be given to the noble
as any man possibly can, we are led to conclude,
was informed that logs are frequently rafted down | scheme of Colonization. Facts speak louder than
it in the spring season. For a few miles back, || words : and when we predicted, months before,
we passed through a high, rolling section of coun-
that the late coercive measures, pursued by the
try. The timber is of various kinds, among the free states, we were laughed at by many who
State of Ohio, would have to be adopted by all
which a small proportion is white pine. We, || were opposed to emigration. But how stand
here, see what is very uncommon-pine, beach, | facts at present? Ohio has put her prohibitory
hickory, oak, ash, &c., mingled together
. The operation,
and the rest of the free states will
laws, which were suffered to go unenforced, into
inhabitants say the land is rich, and produces || shortly follow her example. And where, then,
handsomely. A short distance further westward, will the thousands of free persons of color, and
our road leads us into a dense forest, exclusively | ready to free them, flee for shelter ?. Can they all
the thousands of slaves, whose masters stand
of white pine. For miles, there is scarcely a
go to Canada ? It is folly to think, much more
stick of any other description in view.
The
to say so. Can they, will they flee to Hayti?
mind of man can hardly imagine a more interest- || The experiment has been already tried, and hun-
ing wilderness scene, than is here presented to
dreds have returned back, with these words in
their mouths: "If we are to be slaves, let us be
the eye of the tourist. The road very gradually || slaves in America.'”


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
173
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
It is difficult to find, in all the Journals under ancestors, are doing well. But it is folly to ex-
the darkest prejudice, or the rankest slavite influ- | pect that all of those who wish to remove from
ence, a more distorted and erroneous view of this country, will consent to go thither. If many
things, in as few words, than is here given. Had leave these states, they must have places to locate
the editor of the Herald been a South Carolina | themselves much nearer at hand. They must, also,
planter, instead of the conductor of a free Afri- || have a choice of country and clime. Vain will
can Press--had he been an American slaveholder, || be the attempt to promote an extensive emigra.
instead of a pioneer in the great work of African tion, upon any other principle. And it is an ab-
emancipation, and African improvement,-we | solute fact that Canada will suit our northern, and
should not have wondered at his using the lan- | Mexico and Hayti our southern, colored people,
guage here quoted; for, in that case, he would be generally, much better than any portion of Afri-
anxious to send all the free colored people to ca. In either of those countries they will be con-
Africa, out of his way. But that he (a man of | sidered “free and equal” with all others; and,
color himself) should give currency to statements || if orderly and industrious, may soon become re-
so utterly untrue, and, with seeming approbation, spectable and wealthy citizens.
circulate the odious doctrines and foul slanders, The following very flattering account of Mon-
invented and propagated despotic knaves, to | rovia, is extracted from the statement of Captain
injure the people of color,—is almost incredible. William Abels, of the schooner Margaret Mercer,
We can make all due allowance for his ignorance lately returned from a voyage to Africa. He ar-
of what is doing here, occasioned by the distance || rived there on the 14th of December, and was de-
of his location, and the consequent inconvenience | tained about thirteen days. We make no com-
of procuring correct information. But this will ment.
not wholly screen him from the charge of unfair “ There are about two hundred buildings in
ness. He may not know that Ohio has not “put | the town of Monrovia, extending along the cape
her odious prohibitory laws, which were suffered | Montserado, not far from a mile and a quarter.
to go unenforced, into operation.” He may not stores, (the first story of many of them being
Most of these are good substantial houses and
know that, (whatever a few persons, surcharged of stone,) and some of them handsome, spacious,
with the tyranny and cowardice of prejudice, may || painted, and with Venitian blinds. Nothing
have said)—not a single free state has yet shut its struck me as more remarkable than the great
doors against the suffering exiles from the south, tion, dress, and general appearance in every re-
superiority, in intelligence, manners, conversa-
nor fully evinced the disposition to do so.* But he || spect, of the people over their colored brethren
does know that the language he quotes, respecting in America. (Was Capt. Abels ever in Hayti ?]
the emigration to Hayti, is absurd and ridiculous So much was I pleased with what I saw, that i
observed to the people, should I make a true re-
--that it carries a glaring falsehood on its face,- | port it would hardlý be credited in the U. States.
that it has been refuted a thousand times.- || Among all that I conversed with, I did not find a
" Slaves,” in Hayti !!! That an intelligent man,
discontented person, or hear one express a desire to
return to America. I saw no intemperance, nor
like John B. Russwurm, should quote such lan- || did I hear a profane word uttered by any one."
guage, approvingly, at this day, is astonishing: -
It is little better than a wilful perversion of truth. | MORE LIBELLING !"-
It is moral treason against the cause of his colored
INGTON !!
brethren. The emigrants to Hayti are doing well.
Every reader of the Genius of Universal Eman-
Those who talked of slavery, there were mostly the || cipation knows that the editor has been, several
drunken vagabonds from New-York,Philadelphia, || months, from home. Due allowance will, there-
&c. whose vagraney was discouraged and punished. || fore, be made, for any seeming neglect in prompt-
We are not surprised to perceive that such edi-| ly noticing occurrences in the District of Colum-
Cors as those of the “ National Intelligencer,” se-
bia, and places contiguous. He has, at present,
lect stuff like the foregoing for the palates of their
very important objects in view, which require
readers. The proverb: “It is my vocation, Hal,” || his attention abroad for the space of a few months
applies to them, in cases of this nature. But
The Enemies of Freedom have permis-
that the ignorant dunces should have copied
from an African paper, what they should have sion, of course, to make what use of his name
known to be false information, respecting Ameri- they please--for a time.
Briefly: I am subjected to the charge of another
can affairs ! is amusing, though quite in character.
“LIBEL,” for pleading the cause of the oppressed!
It is gratifying to us
, in common with every The “ penalty» will, probably, be inflicted when I
'well wisher of the descendants of Africans, to
learn that those who have been so enterprising as
tread the soil, “sacred to Liberty'--the City of
WASHINGTON!!!
to establish a colony in the land of their remote
What grounds the advocates of slavery have
* Some new propositions have, it is true, been taken, in this proceeding against me, I do not
introduced into the Legislature of Pennsylvania
and Ohio; but they could not in either case, ob- precisely know. If my health continues, they
tain a majority to act upon them.
shall have an opportunity to put their laws in force,
6
-DOINGS AT WASH-
to come.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
175
4
LEGISLATIVE MOVEMENTS IN VIRGINIA.
Fiat Jusitia Ruat Cælum.
may now be orthodox, with the unreflecting, -- But, to return from this brief digression. We
but a “protective system” will soon be called for, || put the question, fairly and candidly, to our south-
that shall PROTECT man and woman (though || ern friends : If the advantages of a system of free
their skins be dark) in the enjoyment of “life, || labor are now apparent, in the grain-growing sec-
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."
tions of our country, why should not similar advuna
tages result from the adoption of this same system, in
THEIR EYES ARE OPENING.
It has been one of the prime objects of the Ge-
the sugar, rice, and cotton districts ? This is an
nius of Universal Emancipation, to advocate the || tention of every citizen. It is not dificult of solu-
important query-one that should engage the at-
doctrine that FREE LABOR is more valuable than
that of Slaves. Many of our southern friends, the light of experience, in addition to reason, phi-
tion. On the contrary, we can avail ourselves of
having become fully satisfied of the truth of this,
losophy, and common sense. It has, indeed, been
and also that they may, with safety, abolish the
slave system, are promulgating the same senti- || proven, to the satisfaction of many, that the ad-
vantages are equally great, in the one case, as in
ments, and zealously urging the adoption of mea-
sures that shall, eventually, produce the desired rican Press shall make it their duty to collect facts
the other; and when the conductors of the Ame-
change. We have, several times, copied detach- and disseminate information upon this interest-
ed paragraphs from the “Constitutional Whig,” || ing subject, we shall soon witness the commence-
published at Richmond, Virginia. This paper
ment of a revolution in public sentiment, gene-
exercises a high degree of influence in a large por- | rally, to which even that occasioned by the inven-
tion of the state ; and the opinions advanced there-
in, will have great weight with the citizens thereof. We shall indulge the hope, that the day is nog
tion of the steam engine will bear no comparison.
The editor of that paper lately undertook to
show that the great southern excitement, relative larly engage the attention of all.
far distant, when these thing will more particu-
to the Tariff, had its origin in the evils connected
with SLAVERY. This is an absolute fact, which
the Genius of Universal Emancipation long since It appears, from the proceedings of the Vir-
predicted would be seen and acknowledged by ginia Legislature, that the members of that body
our statesmen. The language of the Whig is so are not yet quite prepared to adopt efficient mea-
much to the point, we copy it as follows: sures for the prevention of trouble with the slave
• Slavery is not only a million of degrees | population. They talk of the “free negroes,”
more ruinous to the prosperity of the south “ African colonization,” &c., &c., but the slaves-
than the Tariff, but it is the very cause which | from whom, only, can they experience either diffi-
makes the Tariff itself oppressive-if it be culty or danger-they must not be meddled with !
oppressive, which we do not see, and do not they are “ property,” and the “owner” may
believe. Is not the entire non-slaveholding do what he pleases with it!”–Although it is
quarter of the Union flourishing under the
T'ariff to an extent without any parallel in the known to be more dangerous than gunpowder-
history of the world ? Would prosperity more destructive than the pestilence-yet it must
cease precisely at the Ohio and at Mason and be let alone! It is to be hoped, however, that this
Dixon's Line, and decay begin, if slavery did || state of things cannot last long. Some of the
not exert an influence to produce it ?" ****
* This truth is too striking to be overlooked continue to urge upon the attention of the people
newspapers, and particularly the Richmond Whig,
--too important to be neglected--100 invin-
cible to be combatred. The people of Vir- and their representatives further and more impor-
tant measures that shall finally abolish the slave
ginia, if they have not already, will see, ac-
knowledge, and avail themselves of it.” system, wholly and totally. Let these patriotic
It is truly pleasing to perceive, that southern philanthropists still extend their efforts, and the
politicians, as well as moralists and religious pro- | public mind will soon be sufficiently enlightened-
fessors, are becoming sensible of the truth of such they must, eventually, succeed.
*opinions as are here inculcated. Americans, ge-
We learn that a bill passed the House of De-
nerally, will also, in due time, be impressed with || legates, at the late session, appropriating the sum
the positive certainty of another important poli- l of $35,000 for the present year, and $90,000 for
tical axiom, which we have before offered to their the year 1833, towards the removal of free color-
consideration, viz. That every contest relative led persons from that Commonwealth. They must
to the election of a President of the U. States, for be transported to “some place beyond the limits of
many years past, has turned upon that great the United Siates," which place shall be designat-
pivot, the question of Slavery. It will likewise, ed by a “Central Board,” consisting of the Go-
as a matter of course, have a decided bearing up-vernor, Treasurer, and Auditor, ex officio, who are
on future contests, of this nature, while it conti- || authorised to appoint agencies, &c. From this, it
nues to exist in this republic. We shall not, how- would seem that some of the Virginia statesmen
ever, dwell upon this topic, now, “Sufficient | begin to entertain doubts of the practicability of
unto the day is the evil thereof."
removing all the colored people to“ Africa. That


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
177
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
tee for his orderly and peaceful demeanor, be free on their arriving at those ages re-
but too strongly in contrast with the dangerspectively.
which must ever be apprehended from the We are pleased to learn, by a hasty glance at
Slaves, where they are numerous, and all the law of the State, as at last enacted, that the re-.
hope of obtaining the rights which nature it- | moval of colored persons, therein provided for, is
self teaches them are theirs, shall have been
.cut off. The awful massacre at Southampton
not confined to Africa. The first clause in the act
was not the work of free blacks, nor have states that the person's authorized shall “ remove
they been in any way implicated in its guilt from the state of Maryland the people of color
degraded and depraved slaves alone, were now free, and such as shall hereafter become so,
the brutal perpetrators.
to the colony of Liberia in Africa, or such other
Your Memorialists entertaining the views | place or places, out of the limits of this State, as
which they have here expressed, cannot but re- they may approve of, and the person or persons so
gard with deep solicitude the proposition now to be removed shall consent to go to,” &c. The
before your Honorable body, to prohibit ma- | law, here alluded to, possesses many very objec-
numission except on condition of removal to
tionable features; but we have not room to point
Africa, or some other place out of the state.
them out at present.
To the friends of humanity generally, and to
the friends of colonization in particular, it
might be supposed the very agitation of such a SLAVE INSURRECTIONS IN JAMAICA.
measure would be unwelcome. Its adoption It is known to our readers that the British
by giving a compulsory, and therefore an odi-Government, being fully satisfied of the prac-
ous, character to the colonization scheme, ticability of abolishing the system of Slavery
would only increase the prejudice against it,
already wide spread among the Blacks, and in its West India Colonies, has some time
in all probability put an end to voluntary emi-since, taken measures preparatory thereto,
gration. To those who from friendship for and demanded of the colonists the establish-
the Colonization Society, may advocate the
ment of regulations in accordance. But, it
prohibitory measure now before your honora-
ble body, your Memorialists would respectful- | appears that the demoniac spirit of oppres-
ly say-Let a generation grow up on the soilsio had too strong a footh in their callous
of their nativity, let there be seen what time hearts, and that they did not comply with the
is wanting to show the example of a well or- | requisition until the blacks, being painfully
dered, well governed community there--in
the meantime, let every thing be done here wearied, and their patience exhausted, deter-
by facilitating emancipation, and by affordingmined to take the matter in their own hands,
the advantages of a plain education, and all and raised a formidable rebellion against the
will be accomplished towards the removal of local authorities. This was, undoubtedly,
the black population that is practicable con-
sistently with justice and humanity.
their motive; yet every act of insubordination
was,
Your Memorialists believing that Slavery
of course, considered an offence against
cannot be interminable, that the day is ap- the General Government, and must be pu-
proaching when the light of divine truth will || nished, accordingly. By the latest accounts,
shine with yet brighter lustre, and men boast at the time of writing this article, the commo-
ing of freedom will no longer enslave their tion bad, in a great measure subsided; but,
fellow men, but obeying the Heavenly injunc-
tion will " undo the heavy burdens, and let the still great apprehensions were felt for the ſu-
oppressed go free,” cannot but be desirous | ture. The Tyrants will not yield while a pos-
that the blessings of mental cultivation should sibility exists of holding on to the rod, and the
be extended to the now neglected African. oppressed are determined that they shall
Education may make a villain more accom-
plished, but its almost invariable effect is to wield it no longer. The following is extract-
soften and humanize the character. Under | ed from a late newspaper. This is the “
its happy influence, the slave would become a ges" of oppression.!
better servant, and at the same time be better
" JAMAICA. We have awful details of the
qualified to provide for himself when emanci- late proceedings of the slaves in this island.
pated.
One hundred and fifty estates had been laid
Your Memorialists do therefore respectfully I waste by fire-some of them the most exten-
pray, that a law may be passed by your Ho- sive in the island--and the whole damage,
norable Body, providing that all Slaves, born from this cause, is put down at fifteen millions
on or after the 4th day of July, 1832, shall be of dollars! More than two thousand slaves
free on their attaining - males, the age of had been killed or executed-hung up by
twenty-eight years, and females, the age of scores, and without much ceremony, or shot
twenty-one years with a further proviso, that | down at sight; and a great number had been
unless they are taught to read-males before | flogged a la militaire."
they attain the age of twenty-one years, and "A Kingston paper, of Jan. 27, says: “It
females, the age of eighteen years--they shall ll is evident that the neck of the rebellion is bro-
wa-


178
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
66
Fiat Justitia Rnat Calum.
ken; but whether the measures that have servers of what transpires, relative to this
been pursued [a compromise ?) will induce momentous subject. It is to be hoped that
the rebels who have taken shelter in the woods
to return to duty, or not, time only can show.'' | they will still take an interest in the proceed-
ings calculated to extricate us from the evils
RETROSPECTION.
of the "accursed system,” and lend us a help-
It may frequently be profitable for us toing hand, when occasion may require.
look back upon the scenes, connected with “ The very doctrines thou hast propulga-
our past labors; and even to moralize a little ted for years, in the Genius of 'Universal
Emancipation, and which would, a short time
upon their results. The editor of this work since, have cost thee thy head, in Virginia,
has ever steadily pursued the one grand ob- are now proclaimed on the floor of their Ca-
ject which first engaged his attention. More pitol, by statesmen of the first talents. Too
than ten years have elapsed, since he unfurl- much cannot be said in praise of this noble-
ed the broad banner, upon which was inscrib- || and Abolitionists, are, indeed, now unani-
ness of soul, exhibited by them. Slavites
ed the significant motto of “ Universal Eman-mous in the opinion, that "something must be
cipation," in the SLAVE-HOLDING Section of | done”--that they are on the surface of a tre-
the United States. early the whole of that mendous volcano, which ere long must swal-
low up all that is lovely in the ó old dominion,'
period has been riſe with difficulty and trou-
unless prompt measures be taken to avert
ble. Apathy, of the most chilling character, the catastrophe.”'
on the one hand, --and slander, persecution,
and abuse, without measure, on the other, - NATIONAL ANTI-SLAVERY SOCIETY."
comprised a part of the discouragements to An Institution has been lately organized at
contend against, and the obstacles to sur- | Boston, with the above title. We have not
mount. For a long time, the public Press seen its Constitution-but hope it may be
was comparatively silent; or, if heard at all, more successful than the thousand and one
it was generally in a tone of condemnation of associations, formed for similar purposes, in
what was denominated the “enthusiastic," various parts of the United States, within the
fanatical,” or the “incendiary” course last thirty or forty years. These have, in-
pursued! But what is the state of affairs at deed, been very useful—they have done much
present? There are now hundreds of zeal- | good—but, like other good things, they have
ous advocates, warmly enlisted in the good | generally been too short-lived. Hitherto,
The icy barriers of unconcern are they have, for the most part, been founded on
dissolved, and hearts once ossified by the un a basis very different from that of Missiona-
natural congelation, are pouring forth the ry, Temperance, and Colonization Societies.
streams of sympathy and ardent entreaty. They have, in very few instances, made any
The Press has burst the bonds that held it in permanent regulation to obtain and employ
durance, and scorning the Tyrant's control, || funds. It is presumed that the Society re-
dares to promulgate the Truth, in defiancecently established, as above mentioned, will
of all the power and malignity of Despotism. proceed more upon the principle of those
The statesmen of the slaveholding regionr have just enumerated, in this respect. Should it
caught the spirit of the times; and the balls acquire considerable funds, and establish aux-
of legislation resound with the same “ enthu- iliaries, and go to work in good earnest, suc-
siastic” language--the same " fanatical” pro cess will, ne doubt, attend it. It is
very
de-
positions—the same “incendiary” expres-sirable that the experiment should be made.
sion of opinion, &c., that were, very recently, || But the principal branch of such an Institu-
made the basis of charges, subjecting the wri- tion should be located farther to the South--
ter of this to the harshest denunciations, to at least as far as New-York, or Philadelphia.
pecuniary penalties, and to the most violent When the spational” feeling shall be a little
personal abuse! These things are worthy | more enlisted in the good cause, the seat of
of record. They shall be treasured up for the general government will be the proper
future use.
place for its permanent establishment,
The foregoing reflections were occasioned
by the perusal of a letter, very recently, from
a friend in the state of New-York. From The Savannah “Georgian” states that Dr.
the following extract, it would appear that | J. Bradley, of Oglethorpe Co., recently eman-
some person, at a distance, are allentive ob- || cipated 49 slaves and sent them to Liberia,
the 66
cause.
EMANCIPATION,
(


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
179
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
ENCOURAGEMENT OF FREE LABOR.
12
to the people of color. It appropriates
Could the legislatures of our slaveholding states twenty thousand dollars, and authorizes
be prevailed upon to offer the sum of “$35,000" | a loan, not exceeding two hundred thou-
as a premium, to induce about 35 planters, in the sand dollars, and places these sums at
south, to change their plan of coercive labor, for the disposal of the Commissioners, to be
one more consistent with reason and the nature of applied to the removal of people of color,
man,-it would do thirty-five thousand times as now free, or who may hereafter become
much good, as to expend that sum in transporting | so, to Liberia, or elsewhere, with their
free blacks to foreign countries. There would be consent, and to provide for their support
no more impropriety in making such an appropri- after such removal, as far as may be
ation, than in adopting a tariff of duties on foreign | necessary in the opinion of the Commis-
merchandise, to protect our infant Manufactures. sioners. It requires that, in all cases of
It would enable them to defray the little extra ex- manumission, ihe person liberated shall
pense in changing their plan, (the destruction of || be removed beyond the limits of the State,
whip "property,” &c., and the substitution of a with or without the consent of such per-
little improved food and clothing, at first,) and, in son, but the option is given to renounce
a short time, they would find it operating vastly | the right to freedom and to remain a slave,
to their advantage. Instead of the necessity of | and authority is vested in the Orphans'
doubling the premium, for a second year, (with Court, to grant permission, from year to
the further prospect of doubling annually!) it | year, to such persons as it deems worthy
might then be reduced at least one half—and after of it, to remain in the State. The Com-
that period, the business would“ protect itself. missioners are also authorised in their dis-
cretion, to hire out such manumitted
"FREE SUGAR AND MOLASSES." slaves, until their wages shall produce
Under this head a correspondent of the Libera- || a sum sufficient to defray the expenses
tor' states the fact, that works are in progress at attending their removal, and necessary
Jaffery, N. H., "for preparing, on a large scale, support at the place of removal.
sugar and molasses from potatoes, which are worth
The second is entitled An Act relating
on the spot 17 cents per bushel. It is calculated to free negroes and slaves. It prohibits
that a nett profit of 20 cents per bushel will be made. the removal of any free negro or mulatto
A bushel will yield 7 lbs. of sugar.” The last into the State. It provides that, if any
number of Silliman's Journal gives the process of such shall come into, and shall remain ten
manufacturing sugar from potatoes.
days in the State, they shall be subject to
Let the Slavites look out! “Diana of the Ephe- || a fine of fifty dollars for every week they
sians” is in great danger!
shall remain, and authorises a sale for
such time as may be necessary to pay
the penalty. It prohibits, under a penal-
In a preceding page we briefly adverted to the
ty, the employing any such free negro
proceedings in the Maryland Legislature in re-
or mulatto, but excludes from its opera-
ference to the free people of color resident in that | tion, mariners and drivers of wagons from
Since those remarks were in type, we neighboring States, or servants travelling
find the following abstract or analysis of the laws with their masters.
in question running the rounds of the Press, and
It prohibits the bringing slaves into the
as a matter of information, have laid them before State for sale, after the first day of June
our readers, until such time as our leisure (as here- | next, under the penalty of forfeiture of the
tofore intimated) will enable us to examine the slaves, and a provision is made for their
provisions of these acts more thoroughly.
removal to Liberia, or elsewhere beyond
the limits of the State, with a provision
Since the request which we made the
reserving former rights to proprietors of
other day to the Editors of the Baltimore islands in the Potomac, and to authorise
American, asking information relative to any one owning tracts of land in Mary-
this law, (or rather these laws, for there land and other adjoining States within ten
are two of them,) a friend has shown us | miles of each other, to remove slaves from
the Baltimore Patriot, containing them at
one tract to another, for purposes of culti-
full length. They together occupy, invation.
that paper, about three columns and a
There are various other provisions relat-
quarter. We avail ourselves of the fol-ing to keeping arms, attending religious
lowing abstract, which we find in the worship, buying and selling, &c., which
Richmond Whig:
we do not consider of consequence here to
The first is entitled An Act relating Il specify.
MARYLAND LEGISLATURE.
state.
FREE NEGROES IN MARYLAND.


180
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
Ladies' Repository.
perform a mother's duties in the education of their
children.
Philanthropic and Literary.
They are not suffered to acquire the ability of
reading even the doctrines of the christian reli-
PRINCIPALLY CONDUCTED BY A LADY.
gion. They are not allowed, except under very
limited restrictions, even to join in public worship.
FEMALES IN THE UNITED STATES.
“Think of these things, and act as your feel. They have but few opportunities for instruction
of any kind. They are morally as well as men.
ings and judgment dictate.”
tally ignorant. Their food and clothing are of
In the United States and the Territories there the meanest sort ; and the supplies allowed them
are 6,329,545 female inhabitants. This is the
of both are sometimes exceeding scanty. We
amount given by the census of 1830. Of this will briefly recapitulate our positions. They
number, 5,167,299 are protected in the possession
may
be torn from all they love; sold; scourg.
of the rights and privileges that belong to them, | ed; tasked to the utmost of their strength; driv-
both as human beings and as females. These
en out by the horsewhip to the labors of the field;
are Free White Persons.
Another portion consists of 996,284 individuals. they are ignorant ; degraded; not suffered to be
come enlightened ; they receive no compensation
The following is a short description of their con-
for their years of toil but a bare sustenance; they
dition.
are classed only with the household chattel or the
Their limbs and flesh are not their own proper- unreasoning brute. They are Slaves.
ty. The laws declare them to belong to other
The remaining number, 165,962, are nominally
persons. They may be sold at the pleasure of | free; but they do actually suffer from a species, if
their owners, either by private bargain or by pub-
we may so term it, of reflected slavery. The
lic auction ; or they may be seized and sold to shadow of that great Upas tree falls upon them
defray the debts of their masters.
like a brandmark of scorn, deepening the dark hue
They may be purchased by regular dealers in of their cheeks to a stain of ignominy. The pre-
human flesh, and hawked about the country for judice of others is their tyrant, and though he
sale, manacled and driven in herds; or they may, may not scourge them with whips, or bind them
without the shadow of an offence, be thrust into || with fetters, they suffer most severely the penal-
prison, to be released by becoming the property || ties of his unlawful ban. Their color too, near
of some fresh purchaser.
the regions of Slavery, frequently endangers their
Against this system of sale and transfer to dis- being kidnapped, torn from their families and
tant parts of the country, they have no protection. | friends, and sold into perpetual bondage.
The authority of the Parent is powerless to res-
Such are the three principal classes into which
cue his daughter from the fangs of the ruffian who | the females of the United States are divided. Those
has torn her shrieking from his clasp ; and the who compose the second portion, suffer under a
power of the husband, son, or brother, is equally | system of oppression, of which the sketch we have
unavailing. They dare not offer the slightest re- || drawn, is only the bare outline. Some of them
sistance, on the peril of their lives, to the hand | are, doubtless, treated with as much lenity as the
that would separate them. She may at any mo-
nature of their bondage will admit of. Others
ment be torn from them for ever.
are doomed to drain the flowing cup of wretched.
The maternal tie is of no more avail; as they
ness to the last drop of its bitter dregs; to endure
themselves are not their own property, so nei- | all the sufferings inflicted by merciless tyranny.
ther are their children. They may be at all ages || And that all are not used with barbarous inhu-
taken from their mother and sold to different per-manity is owing to no merit in their condition-
sons. Her affection cannot shield them.
to no protection that the laws afford them; it de-
They may, whenever their master or mistress pends only upon the character of their possessors,
sees proper to order the infliction of that punish- || and is attended with no certainty of continuance.
ment, be lacerated by scourging with the horse- The Slave system is hideous in its fairest aspect.
whip
It sanctions or conceals the most impious injus-
They must submit to be drudges of the lowest || tice, and the most savage cruelty. Why then is
order; they may be made to toil with men, and it permitted to disgrace our country with its vile-
as men, at the most laborious employments, with ness? Why are so many hundred thousand fe-
out being themselves benefitted by their labor. male victims made to suffer beneath its oppres-
They cannot devote themselves to the duties of sion? Is it not because of the hardheartedness of
their household ; their time is not under their own their sisters? Because they who are free and
control; therefore they cannot fill properly the happy themselves, take no thought for the wrongs
station of a wife.
of those who are pining in bondage? There can
They are compelled to remain in gross igno- be no doubt that the free females in the United
rance; therefore they must be incompetent to || States, do possess sufficient moral influence, if it


182
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Colum.
Our gratification, however, would have been ty—if something is not done to arrest this threat-
much increased, had the wish to render justice to lening evil, alike ruinous to their peace and safe-
those who have so long worn the yoke of an un-
ty, and that of the Commonwealth. They en-
treąt you by all the tender sympathies of their
righteous servitude, prompted or at least formed nature, by the love which they bear you, and by
some part of the object of their petition. Let their fervent aspirations to Almighty God, to ex-
them not in their terror learn to detest those whom
ert your wisdom and independence, in the adop-
tion of such measures, as in time will extirpate
they have so long wronged, nor forget how many | slavery from the State, and restore tranquillity to
have been found faithful. Neither let them for- | them and the country.”
get that it was only long withholden justice that
could thus convert men into ruthless destroying
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
John WOOLMAN.
monsters. Their slaves have not, as is asserted by Meek, humble, sinless as a very child !
the above mentioned gentlemen, been “reared Such wert thou, and though unbeheld, I seem
and sustained by their bounty,” but by a scanty Oft times to gaze upon thy features mild,
portion of the products of their owń toil. We of that kind eye, that knew not how to shed,
Thy grave, yet gentle lip, and the soft beam
may however have done our sisters wrong in sup-|| A glance of aught save love, on any human head. Y
posing them to be actuated only by selfish mo Servant of Jesus! Christian! not alone
lives. They may perhaps have not deemed it po In name and creed, with practice differing wide;
litic or needful to embody such feelings in their Thou didst not in thy conduct fear to own,
His self-denying precepts for thy guide.
petition. Be that as it may, we earnestly desire | Stern only to thyself, all others felt
for them the accomplishment of their wishes, and || Thy strong rebuke was love, not meant to crush,
a speedy return of security and peacefulness.
but melt.
We believe their appeal will not be unavailing, Thou who didst pour o'er all the human kind,
and we hope it will be repeated and echoed until The gushing fervor of thy sympathy!
its object is attained.
E'en the unreasoning brute, failed not to find,
A pleader for his happiness in thee.
"Mr. Speaker: I feel it to be my duty as well as Thy heart was moved for every breathing thing,
my privilege to bring this subject to the conside- || By careless man exposed to needless suffering.
ration of the House. The number and character But most the wrongs and sufferings of the slave;
of the subscribers to this memorial, entitle it to at-
Stirred the deep fountains of thy pitying heart;
'tention and I am authorised to state, from a let-
ter which I received from a highly esteemed and
And still thy hand was stretch'd to aid and save,
much valued friend, accompanying the memorial, | In their existence, and could'st hold no more
Until it seem'd that thou had'st taken a part
that if an opportunity had been afforded, it would || A separate life from them, as thou had'st done be-
have been much more numerously subscribed by
fore.
the ladies of the county; and coming, as it does,
from a county owning one-tenth of the entire | How the sweet pathos of thy eloquence,
slave population west of the mountains—I do hope Beautiful in its simplicity, went forth
that it will receive the respectful consideration to Entreating for them ! that this vile offence,
which it is entitled, and that it will be referred. So unbeseeming of our country's worth,
“The memorialists do not wish to mingle in the Might be removed, before the threat'ning cloud,
political transactions of the country, but they have Thou saw'st o'erhanging it, should burst in storm
an unquestionable right to be heard on a subject and blood.
80 deeply interesting to themselves and their pos-
terity, as well as the community generally. That So may thy name be reverenced ! thou wert orsa
Of those whose virtues link us to our kind,
slavery is a curse, is conceded by all. This evil
they have long feſt, and it is daily increasing in By our best sympathies; thy day is done,
strength, and numbers. Daily and hourly expos-
But its soft twilight lingers still behind
ed, even in their households, to objects of fear, In thy pure memory; and we bless thee yet
reared and sustained by their bounty, they cannot
For the example fair thou hast before us set.
longer sit under their own vine and fig-tree,
with none to make them afraid.' The bloody
tragedy of Southampton, has awakened horrors For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
that appal the stoutest heart; but to females ex-
OLD AND YOUNG.
posed as they are, represent horrors tenfold more
It is stated by the last census, that of
terrible.
“They call upon this House, through me, as one
the female slave population of the United
of their Representatives, -
---as legislators, parents, States, 347,566 are below the age of ten
fathers
, husbands and brothers, to arrest this de- years, and 688 have attained or surpass-
solating scourge-like the locust of Egypt, threat- ||ed that of one hundred. It would be a
ening to devour all that is green, and all that is
lovely-by providing a speedy and efficient reme most affecting spectacle to behold these
dy. "They tell you that they love Virginia, their two portions gathered together and sēt
own native State, their mountains, their green apart in separate groups. The hundreds
hills and valleys. It is the land of their birth
with which every tender recollection of their in- over whose brows have passed the chang-
fancy, as well as their advancing years, are most es of so many revolving seasons, the great-
intimately and indissolubly connected. It is the er part of whose many years have worn
land which contains the graves of their fathers
and mothers: but that all these ties must be torn away in unalleviated servitude, and who
asunder-and that they shall be compelled to fly | now are lingering on the very verge of
to foreign lands in pursuit of happiness and safe- || another world with their last hours em-
GERTRUDE.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
183
Fiat Justitia Ruat Culum.
AGNES.
OUR COUNTRY.
bittered by the thought that they have and the forms that he has gifted with an
left only the mantle of their evil destiny | imperishable spirit and the high capaci-
as a legacy to their descendants; and the ties of intellect, will not join eagerly and
many thousands who are just entering | devotedly in the task of rescuing those
upon life, as yet unconscious of the mi-minds from the darkness that now en-
serable doom that is already fastened up-thrall them, of loosing the fetters that
on them, but even now in their infancy, crush both mind and limb with the unen-
taught to con sharp lessons of scorn, and durable weight of their cruelty and degra-
wrong, and suffering. Those aged ones | dation !
are beyond our help. Their cup, bitter
as it has been, bitter as the last few re-
maining drops yet may be, is almost drain- || Extract from the New Year's Address of the New-
ed. And whether life be hurried to its
Hampshire Observer.-Written by a Lady.
close by ungentle treatment, or be foster- Here freedom dwells, but inly grieves to hear
The chains of slavery clanking on her ear!
no ed till it goes gradually out, it must ere | Slaves in a land of freedom ?-Can there be
long cease to animate their bosoms. || A part in bondage held, where all are free ?
They must die as they have lived, the Slaves in a land of Freedom ? Let us see.
victims of man's injustice, and bear with | A hateful blot on her illustrious name !
We blush to own the fact-our country's shame!
them even to the sepulchre, the scorned Yet some there are, who scarcely deem it sin,
name of slave. The toils of a life stretch-|| Since Afric's sons are 'guilty of a skin
ed far beyond the longest date allotted by Not colored like their own. –There comes a day
· When all disguises shall be rent away,'
the Psalmist, have not been sufficient for || And right and wrong appear in colors true, -
their ransom; and it is painſul to think, Remember-friends of slavery-to you!
that even amidst their gray hairs, they | Will ye not bid the woes of bondage cease ?
O then to you would Conscience whisper peace :
have no security against contempt, or un-
Or if the evil must, as yet, remain,
kindness, or cruelty. Even those forms, || Add not abuse to slavery's galling chain.
worn and feeble as they are, should the I tremble for my country,' once declared
conscience of any one who calls himself. A patriot, whose voice no more is heard,
(In highest post of honor once, and trust,)
their owner, let his hand dare to apply the
I tremble, when I think that God is just.'
lash, may be made to shrink beneath its Some Gabriel from heaven, yet may be
torture.
(Appalling thought!) commissioned vengefully.
And so too may the young and delicate
Cne Olio.
ones of those many infants. The life, the
toils, the various miseries from which the
others are now just escaping, these are
“Canst thou, and honor'd with a Christian's name,
Buy what is woman-born, and feel no shame;
but beginning to experience. Oh, must Trade in the blood of innocence, and plead
it be that their lives, too, are to wear away Expedience as a warrant for the deed ?
in hopeless, benighted, miserable bond-
From the Village Record.
ge? Must they too go down fettered to The accursed slave trade is raging;
the grave ? or shall the strong appeal of we know of no properer name for it; and
their sex and helplessness not be made in thousands and tens of thousands are an-
vain ? Will not woman plead for them ? || nually carried into the West Indies. The
Plead that they may be treated as be- number who die of disease-brutality-
comes the sex; that the hand of oppres- | broken-hearted, or starved, is countless.
sion may be lifted from their necks; that In the last Washington paper we see
the gentle virtues of her nature may be the slave trade still prevails, and makes
allowed to spring up in their bosoms ; | its head quarters in the District of Co-
and instead of growing into womanhood, lumbia. Cash and the highest prices, are
with characters distorted with ignorance, | offered publicly in the newspapers, for
rudeness, and, too often, alas, depravity, || slaves, male and female.
they may be moulded by education into
feminine usefulness and excellence. Is FROM JAMAICA. Capt. Percival, of
not this an object worth striving for? | U. S. schr. Porpoise, arrived at Pensaco-
Would not its accomplishment be a rich la, left Jamaica Jan. 28, and informs the
reward to every female in our country for editors of the Pensacola Gazette that
the exertions of half a life-time? Light || about 36,000 slaves must have been in-
for darkness-freedoom for slavery–hap-1 volved in the late insurrection. Property
piness for misery---smiles and comfort, in- | had greatly depreciated. Slaves that
stead of tears and squalid wretchedness! | were formerly estimated at from 100 to
Who that loves their Omnipotent Creator, ll 1301 have fallen to 15 and 201.
1
2


184
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
In former days we used to hear folks
AUTHORIZED AGENTS.
talk of the advantages of slavery, and Jacob Janney-Penn. Avenue, Washington, D.
that Indiana was shortsighted,' for not C. opposite Barnard's Hotel.
William R. Jones-No. 18, Market-street, Bal.
admitting slaves—that they (the slaves)
timore, Maryland.
would 'clear off the soil and improve the Anber M. Plummer-Newmarket, do.
state,' &c. But we will venture to say Samuel Brown-Winchester, Virginia.
that not a man in Indiana wishes such Jonathan Taylor, Jr.-Purcell's Store, do.
Rich'd Mendenhall-Jamestown, N. C.
work done here, as is frequently done in
Thos. Moore, P. M.-Newgarden, do.
the slave-states.- Indiana Times.'
Thos, Lundy-Huntsville, Surry Co. do.
M. Long, P. M.-Long's Mills, do.
J. Newlin, P.M.-Lindley's Store, do.
ABOLITION OF SLAVERY. At the late B. Swaim, Esq.--New-Salem, do.
Rev. H. M'Millan--Chesterville, $. C.
meeting of the British Conference, it was
Samuel Holliman--Wrightsboro', Ga.
unanimously resolved 'that it be recom-
Thos. Doan--Newmarket, Jeff. Co. Tenn.
mended to all who now are or hereafter
Jns. Jones, P. M.-Unitia, Blount Co. do.
may be possessed of the elective franchise, Elijah Embree, P. M.-Pactolus, do.
William Bryant-Nashville, do.
to give their votes and interests to such
William Mack-Columbia, do,
persons only as shall unite, with other
James Askins-Fayetteville do.
qualifications for a British senator, a cor James Alexander-Washington, Hempstead Co.
dial desire and firm determination to prc-
Arkansas Ter.
Rev. Jesse Haile--Springfield, Illinois.
mote the entire and early extinction of
Rev. John F. Crow, P. M.-Hanover, Ia.
negro slavery.'
Smith & Bulla-Centreville, do.
Rev. M. Jamieson-Mount-Sterling, Ky.
PREMIUM FOR RICE.
Joseph Lormer—Mount-Washington, do.
The sum of TWENTY DOLLARS will be given as Joseph B. Chapman-Waynesville, Ohio.
a premium, over and above the market price, for Dr. Joseph Stanton-Springborough, do.
Five Casks of Fresh Rice, of good quality, raised
William Lewis-Harrisville, do.
by Free Labor, and delivered in Philadelphia, to A. Baer, Jr.-Osnaburg, Stark Co. do.
Charles Peirce, before the first of June next, 1832. Thomas Chandler Adrian, Michigan Ter.
The gentleman above named, is well known as William P. Richards Wilmington, Del.
a very respectable Grocer in Philadelphia, who Joseph Sharpless-No. 22, N. 4th street, Philo
has, for several years past, made it a particular bu delphia, Penn.
siness to keep articles in his line that are exclu Joseph Cassey-No.- S. 4th street, do. do.
sively the production of free labor.
A. Marshall
, Esq.-Westchester, do.
The premium, together with the market price, Dr. E. Michener-Londongrove, do.
will be promptly paid, on the delivery of the Rice, Dr. B. Fussell-Kennett Square, do.
accompanied by proper reference and vouchers Joel Wierman-York Springs, Adams Co. do
from some respectable person who is known in Lindley Coates-Gap P. o. Lan. Co, do,
Philadelphia.
Jehu Lewis-Bethleham, Wash. Co. do.
Richard Lundy-Mount Holly, N. J.
Theodore Davisson-Trenton, do.
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATON. Benjamin Acton-Salem, do.
Vol. XII.
Zachariah Webster-Plainfield, do.
The object and character of this work are well James Wilson, Jr.-Alamouchy P. O. Sussez
known. It has been published ten years, and County, do.
circulated in all the States of this Union, in Ca Mahlon Day“No. 376 Pearl-st. N. Y. City.
nada, the West Indies, Europe and Africa. It is John Lockwood-Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
exclusively devoted to the subject of the Abolition Charles Marriott-Hudson, do.
of Slavery, on the American Continent and Abijah Purinton—Troy, do.
Islands.
Thomas Shotwell-Marengo. do.
Lyman A. Spalding-Lockport, do.
The work will, henceforth, be issued monthly. John I. Wells & Son-Hartford, Conn,
It will be neatly printed on fine paper, and folded R.T. Robinson-Vergennes, Vt.
in the octavo form, each number making sixteen William Loyd Garrison-Boston, Mass.
large pages.
Samuel Rodman, Jr.--New-Bedford, do.
The price of subscription will be One Dollar per William Dean-Salem, do.
annum, always to be paid in advance.
Rev. N. Paul-London C. H. Upper Canada
Subscribers who do not particularly specify the James Cropper--Liverpool, England.
time they wish to receive the work, or notify the William B. Bowler-Port au Prince, Hayti..
Editor of a desire to discontinue it before the ex John B. Salgues—Aux Cayes, do.
piration of each current year, will be considered Jacob W. Prout--Monrovia, Africa.
as engaged for the next succeeding one, and their
bills will be forwarded accordingly.
POSTAGE.
Agents will be entitled to six copies for every
The postage of the Genius of Universal Eman.
five dollars remitted to the Editor, in current mo- cipation is now the same as that of weekly news
ney of the United States.
papers. One cent and a half, for each paper, is
AU letters and communications intended for the highest that can be legally charged within the
United States. If the distance be less than ons
this office, must be addressed, free of expense, to
BENJAMIN LUNDY, Washington, D.C.
hundred miles, but one cent can be demanded.--
LP Post-masters will please attend to this no.
ILP A few copies of the Eleventh Volume, com tice. The Post-Office in Washington forwards
plete, for sale.
it under this regulation.
THE
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
EDITED BY B. LUNDY--PUBLISHED IN WASHINGTON AND BALTIMORE-$1.00 PER ANN.
“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, and endowed by their Creator with certain
inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."-Declaration of Independence, U.S.
No. 12. VOL. II, THIRD SERIES.) MAY, 1832. (WHOLE NUMBER 276. VOL. XII.
IKP This being the last regular number of the baggage, sat out, on foot, for the village of Lon-
present volume of the Genius of Universal Eman- || don. I had to go back, the way we came the day
cipation, the Editor wishes to inform his readers, || before, 1 1-2 miles. Here the road turns at right
that he must necessarily be from home a short | angles, and leads directly northwest, about two
time longer, -but that he will have proper ar miles to the forks of the river Thames, immedi-
rangements made for the continuance of the pub-ately above which the village is situated. I reach-
lication. The first number of the thirteenth vo ed that place about 8 o'clock, A. M., crossing a
Lime will not, however, be issued before the next handsome bridge over the main branch of the
Forrth of July. In the meantime, a supplement, || Thames, Being desirous to proceed to the Wil-
of four, pages, will be printed, with the title-page | berforce Settlement, before night, which my in-
and index, and forwarded to subscribers in the formation led me to suppose was about sixteen
course of the month of June.
miles further to the northwest, and as the wea-
In consequence of the Editor's absence, he has ther was mild, the snow melting, and the walking
been unable to attend to many important subjects unusually laborious, I made very little stay in
that should have been noticed. Among the rest, London. A description of the place will be given
the proceedings of certain members of Congress, hereafter. I saw several colored people, in the
relative to the abolition of slavery in the District | village; and when they learned my object in
of Columbia, have been but slightly touched.-- | visiting that part of the country, one of them
This subject will lose none of its interest by a few | kindly volunteered to accompany me to Wilber-
months' postponement. We hope soon to be in force. We crossed the northern branch of the
a situation to examine it fairly, and to expose the river, (over which there is also a fine bridge,) a
fallacious and anti-republican doctrines of cer-
short distance from its junction with the main
tain conspicuous characters, who are now looked || stream, and travelled four or five miles through a
up to as the oracles of democracy and the very country greatly diversified by hill and dale, pre-
pillars of our country's fame. One of them has, senting a rich soil and fine timber, also good plan-
indeed, assumed the office of Conservator Gene- || tations and healthy looking inhabitants, We
ral of the public peace, and to show his tact at || passed numerous water courses, on some of which
compromise, recommends the “dough-face” sys-
mills were erected. At length the land became
tem of policy, by which two millions of human more level;-yet it was somewhat rolling, and
beings are denominated cattle, and seven or
well timbered. Not a stick of pine, cedar, or
eight millions more are recommended to give up hemlock, is here to be seen; (except a few white
Peir own rights, that these “cattle” may be kept || pines, a little north of London;) but the prevail-
in due subjection to their lordly, self-styled “ own- | ing growth is sugar tree, bass, hickory, elm, ash,
Others have, also, acted in a manner quite oak, and beach, with a little poplar, cherry, wal-
as exceptionable ; for which they will not be for- | nut, &c. In some places we also see the wild
gotten.
plumb, thorn, elder, sumach, and other shrubbe-
The handsome addition made to our subscrip- || ry, common to the richest soil. Several kinds of
tion list within a few months past, gives the as burs and some thistles occasionally attract our
surance that our labors will not go unrequited, || attention. There are very few vines of
any
de.
entirely, though we may not have fully come up scription. No rock or stone are to be found, ex-
to the standard of our duty in many respects. cept in quarries, below the surface. The snow,
The paper has now a greater circulation than at here, was about 20 inches deep, in the woods ;
any former period; and it will be the future aim || but in the fields and openings it was little more
of the proprietor to make it more and more inte- || than half that depth, as the weather had long
resting, as the means are furnished, and as the || been fair and moderate, and the sun had dissolv-
holy work progresses to which it is, and will be,'||ed it considerably where it could act upon it.--
strictly devoted,
The farms, adjoining the road, were mostly new;
though a few of them had been opened several
years past. The population, I understand, con.
(Concluded from page 172.)
sists principally of Europeans and their descend-
January 17th. ants. Their style of living and improvement, is
I took an early breakfast this morning, and af- || very much like hat of the inhabitants on the
ier making some little arrangement relative to my ll western frontiers of the United States. The
SA
ers."
TOUR IN UPPER
CANADA


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
187
1
Fiat Justitia Ruat Celum,
tion of the country, has a good farm, and appears | canals, or short rail roads, it will be an easy mat-
to be in easy circumstances. One of the finest ter for the citizens of this place to extend and
springs of water that I have ever seen, rises near facilitate their commercial intercourse in almost
his dwelling. The stream issuing from it turns a
every direction.
mill, a short distance from its source. My kind Having noted whatevor I conceived to be the
entertainer took me in his sleigh, about ten miles | most important, as far as my limited time would
towards London, and I reached the village a little permit, I left the interesting village of London,
before 11 o'clock in the morning.
and proceeded to the stage house of Hiram Mar-
It has been observed, in another part of this tin, in the evening, with the view of resuming my
Journal that London is the seat of justice for Lon-journey towards Detroit. As the stage would not
don District, in Upper Canada. It is situated on go on before morning, and having too much bag-
a high bluff, immediately above the confluence of || gage to carry on foot, I engaged lodgings there.
the two principal branches of the river Thames,
January 22d.
as aforesaid; the scite is commanding and beau-
At about 3 o'clock, in the morning, our stage
tiful; and the town is rapidly improving. The officer had his riding vehicle in readiness. The ac-
public buildings are not yet numerous; but they commodation was not exactly what a New York
have a large and elegant Court House, built of Belle, or a Philadelphia Dandy, would look for.
brick, and rough-cast, which is finished, also two We had a crazy old coach box, fastened to as
houses for public worship, now building, both of crazy a pair of sleigh runners; and trunks, boxes,
good size. There are three Hotels in the place, and bars of iron, were stowed in, promiscously,
one of which, particularly, is very commodious with men, women, and children! But our Jehu
A good deal of business appears to be doing.
was a real yankee-said he was up to anything,
They have six general mercantile stores: one
in the way of trade-and on he went. I had (as
apothecary; one grocery; one watchmaker; one
usual) taken a seat beside the driver, where I
gunsmith; one tanner and currier ; one cooper;
had the opportunity to see what was to be seen,
three tailors; three saddlers and harness mak-
as we passed along. The night was not dark,
as the moon shone brightly. The weather was
ers; two wagonmakers; one house and sign
very cold, but the snow was nearly gone, in ma.
painter; four shoemakers; two blacksmiths;
one cabinet-maker; two joiners; one sash-ma- ny places; and we had disagreeable riding. The
land was rolling-in some parts well timbered,
ker; one chair-maker; a number of carpenters, and in others cleared for farms. We crossed a
brick-layers, masons, &c., &c. Of the profes- | number of handsome streams, from which I infer
sions, there are two physicians, and two lawyers, that the country, about here, is well watered.--
resident there. A weekly newspaper is issued. Some time before day, we reached the village of
They have three religious congregations, and se-Delaware, or Tiffanyville. Here is a pretty good
veral schools. Some of the private dwellings are
tavern, and some mills. The place is intended
neat and elegant. There are several compact for a village, but is scarcely entitled to the name,
blocks of buildings, and many new houses erect-
as yet. It is situated on the bank of the Thames,
ing. The whole number, at present, may be es ten or twelve miles below London, where there is
cimated at about 130-of which I counted up a considerable fall in the water. Our landlord--
wards of fifty unfinished outside. More than half a fat western New-Yorker--expressed the opi-
of the others also had a new appearance. Near- | nion that the water power, at this place, was near-
ly the whole are frame, wooden buildings ; many ly equal in value to that at Rochester. In this,
of them two stories high, and some neatly paint-|| however, he must have been mistaken. There is
ed. A considerable number of the inhabitants of an elegant bridge over the river, at this place.--
this place are emigrants from the United States. We now crossed to the right bank, or north side,
Among them, I learn, there are about 25 or 30 || and passed through a fine rich country, bordering
colored people. A glance at its geographical po- | the river, or within a short distance of it. Five
sition-the beauty and fertility of the country | miles further on, there is a little pine timber.
around it—the advantages of water power, ap- | We soon lose sight of this, however, and meet
plicable to milling and manufacturing, in its neigh- with a general variety of oak, sugar tree, hick-
borhood (where several mills are now in opera- ory, beach, &c., &c. Daylight now presents us
tion)—its contiguity to the navigable waters of with a fairer view of the landscape ; and in some
the lakes, Eric, St. Clair, and Huron, &c., &c., are few places the snow is so far gone, that the dark
sufficient to convince the intelligent observer, that rich soil is to be seen. The country is thickly
London must, ere long, become a place of wealth settled, with Europeans and natives of both Ca-
and importance. It is situated but about twenty | nada and the States. A few colored people are to
miles from Port Talbot, on Lake Erie; and there be seen, but their number is small. At length,
is a good road the whole distance. Heavy arti we reached Griffith's stage house, 8 miles from
cles of produce, lumber, &c., may be taken down Tiffanyville. Here we stopped for breakfast, and
the Thames; and indeed, with the aid of a few to change horses.


188
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
IC may not be amiss to mention that, among | beautiful level plain, on the southern bank of the
our passengers, this morning, was an English | river, and the land, for several miles above and
lady, with her two small children, who had re- || below, is fenced in, for farming. There are
cently arrived at New-York, and was now going, || about 70 houses in the place, mostly frame and
without any other attendant, to meet her husband, | log, with shingled roofs. Some of them are two
at Detroit—he having come over and established stories high ; and their village makes, upon the
himself in business there, some months before.— || whole, quite as decent a show as many of ours of
Perhaps there are not many American ladies, that similar size. The number of inhabitants, I learn,
would fancy such an undertaking. She appeared is nearly 300. They have two white missionaries,
very genteel and respectable, and all took an in or preachers, of the Morarian sect, from Bethle-
terest in her situation. She did not complain of hem, in Pennsylvania ; and also a white school-
& want of attention on the part of any one. master. I did not understand that they had more
When our breakfast was over, the stage went than one school among them. Their church, or
on again. It had been relieved of a portion of meeting house, is large, and has a high steeple. -
the freight, and also a few of the passengers. Not having been in the town, myself, I did nog
But we had, in lieu thereof, other sources of vex-
learn much about the business done in it;
and
ation. They had given us a dull span of horses ; || can say nothing about that, without too great
and the ground was bare in many places. For liability to err. I suppose, however, from the in-
my own part, I got along well—I did not grieve formation that I obtained, the greater part of the
at all-as these circumstances gave me numerous
inhabitants are agriculturalists. And, it is said,
opportunities to indulge my pedestrian propensi-| they have wheat, corn, stock, &c., &c., in abun-
ties !-It must be confessed, however, that the dance. Their land is very fertile, along the river
idea of having paid for a ride, and still being al- | bottoms; but that more elevated, (though it lies
most necessitated to walk, was calculated to occa. || handsomely,) appears rather sandy, and conse-
sion a few ill-natured reflections, which required quently must be of somewhat an inferior quality.
a little philosophical consideration to repress. The Passing through this reservation, we came to fine
soil exhibited a great variety as we passed along | farm3; and, after travelling a few miles, arrived
to-day. In some places the land lies low, and | at Howard's bridge, 20 miles from Ward's tavern,
a little before dark. Here we crossed the south
occasionally it appears a little swampy ; in
others there are more elevated ridges, where the side of the Thames, again. There is a store kept
soil is rather light and sandy. The former is
at this place, by an Englishman, who was once
clothed with heavy timber, among which is to engaged in 'the inland trade betiveen St. Louis
and the northern parts of Mexico. A tavern and
be seen ash, beach, &c., intermingled with white
pine; the latter presents a more thin growth, stage house is also kept here, and we took lodg-
principally of oak, and hickory, with a portionings for the night. In the course of the evening,
of chestnut. Our next stopping place is Ward's
I was agreeably entertained by a conversation
stage house, 17 miles from Griffith's. Here we
with the young merchant, just alluded to. He
had called to see the English lady, before men-
changed horses-made a tolerable bargain of it,
and went on somewhat better. We now soon came
tioned, but she had retired early, and he did not
to an Indian Reservation, and went six miles with obtain an interview with her. The country has
out a half dozen houses on our road. This tract || improvements have been made. The river is not
been long settled about here, and some valuable
belongs to the Moravian tribe. In the central large, but of sufficient depth to float vessels of
part of it, on the same side of the river that our
considerable burthen.
road is located, was the scite of the old Moravian
Town, destroyed by the U. S. troops during the
January 23d.
last war.
This act has been justly condemned, | fore day; and we got on our way at about half
The stage passengers were called up again be-
even by warriors, as the Moravians were a peace- || past 4 o'clock. Our "stage” now assumed the
able people, and, it is believed, took no part || shape of an uncovered sleigh. We proceeded
whatever in the contest. We passed over the || along the bank of the Thames, for the greater
ground where their town formerly stood. The
view of its remaining vestiges brought to mind | Mill, 10 miles from Howard's bridge. There is
part of the time, until we came to McGregor's
many circumstances, relative to the unjust treat-
ment of the native Americans, by the avaricious | large, and does a good deal of business. The
a store and post-office kept here. The mill is
adventurers from Europe, and their descendants. || morning was cold, and we had permission to sit
(But I have not leisure to dwell upon this sub- || by a fire in a kitchen, a short time, while the
ject, now.) The Indians have, since the destruc- || mail was assorted. The owner of the establish-
tion of their town, as aforesaid, built another, on ment (if I mistake not) is a Scotchman. He is
the opposite side of the river, which is in view of wealthy, and had a number of hired house ser-
the ruins of the first. It makes a very handsome || vants. Among the rest, I observed an aged
appearance as we pass along. It is laid out in a French Creole. He was kind and communica-


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
189
B
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
tive; and, from the manner in which he appear- || old Yankee pioneer; he had weathered many a
ed to be employed, I should judge that he was as storm in “these here parts,” when the country
as fairly entitled to the appellation of “ Lord of the was new;" and he “knowed there was no dan-
1 Kitchen," as the proprietor was to that of “Lord || ger.” I did not doubt the truth of his statement;
take of the Manor.” After a few minutes' delay, we +but I thought the English lady, with all her
hurried into the stage sleigh, and went on to the courage, could hardly believe him. She did not
little village of Chatham. It was now daylight, || express any alarm,--yet she looked more serious,
and we stopped again for a few minutes. There and paid more close attention to her children,
e is a store, and also a tavern and stage house, kept than usual, while the sleigh and horses were both
in this place; and I was told that the country || galloping sideways! Having thus travelled or
was thickly settled around. I had previously been skated 23 miles, on the river and lake, we found
til informed that a considerable settlement of colored ourselves opposite a point where the stage road
s people is located here ; but I had not leisure to
comes to the bank, and a stage house is crected.
stop long, and did not learn any thing very par-
Here we had to “go ashore,” and change horses.
ticularly about it. The country, through which || A tolerably passable tavern is kept at this place,
3.) we passed this morning, varies but little in ap- || by a creole, of the name of Reoum. The land
pearance from that last noted. I learn that there | is flat and swampy, for a considerable distance
are many French and Creole inhabitants, in these from the lake. (A small strip, only, along its
parts. The major portion of the population is margin, in many places, is susceptible of cultiva-
composed of these and Europeans. But few tion.) Consequently, the settlements are few in
“Yankees” are to be found here. A very fine number. Nearly the whole population in this
mill stream flows through this place, called Chat- part of the country, bordering the river and lake,
ham Creek. Its bottoms are wide and exceed-
are French creoles and colored persons. The lat-
ingly fertile. From Chatham we went five miles,
ter are not even comparatively numerous. We
and stopped, for breakfast, at the house of L. | of travelling. The ice was said to be sufficiently
now were necessitated to adopt a different mode
Goss. A pretty good tavern is kept by this gen- strong about 17 miles further on our way, but
tleman, on the bank of the Thames. Here our
below that the lake was open; and as there was
horses were changed, and the snow was so far
no stage house near the place where we must
gone that we left our road, and took the river. | leave the ice--and the ground, in many parts of
The ice was sufficiently strong, and we proceed- the country, being entirely bare—we took a stage
ed at a rapid rate. Never was there a better wagon, and proceeded along the margin of the
* rail-road” put in order for travelling! On the lake. It should be observed, that immediately on
way, we passed several sloops and schooners—the shores of this lake, as well as those of our
some bound up the river, and some bound down
western lakes, generally, considerable embank-
-and, to use a landsman's phrase, there was no ments are raised by the action of the waves, con-
doubt that they were all“ bound” fast. We had sisting, principally, of pebble stones and fine sand,
little opportunity of viewing the country, as well-though in many places a great deal of drift
passed along-our present road being regularly | wood is deposited, with the other washings of
excavated some fifteen or twenty feet—but I learn those inland oceans. And as the constant flow.
kinat it still continues well timbered, and fertile.- ing of the streams deepens the channels of their
The whole distance, bordering the river, exhi- || various outlets, the waters gradually recede, and
bits a dense population, consisting of a mixture widen these embankments. The land thus form-
of French creoles and Europeans, with a few | ed, or elevated, affords not only the means of lo-
Americans from the U. S. as above mentioned.- cating pretty good roads, but in many places ex-
Some African descendants are, likewise, scatter- || tensive farms,--though the soil is of a very in-
ed through their settlements. As we proceedferior quality. We now progressed rather slow.
down the river, the banks are lower, and the ly. Our stage wagon (a coach I should call it,-
country around is more flat, and somewhat for although it was old, tottering, and ragged, it
marshy. After travelling in this way, about six was once as new and spruce a stage coach as we
teen miles, we came to the estuary of the Thames, || need wish to see !) was drawn by a pair of steeds,
and went seven miles, southwardly, on Lake St. whose sinews, one would think, were made of
Clair. We kept along near the shore, for the || whalebone, and whose hides were completely lash-
greater part of the time, though we occasionally proof! Our driver had the worst of the business
bore off nearly a mile from it. The lake was -but he had more philosophy about him than
frozen over almost as far as the eye could reach, || falls to the lot of every one—and he managed his
and the ice was firm where we went on it. But travelling-machine quite adroitly. I had another
the wind was strong, the ice smooth, and our “fine chance" to walk, and being fond of it, did
sleigh was frequently blown nearly half way not let a murmur escape me,-though a little
around, so that we had if not a perilous--a ra- grumbling was heard among the other passen-
ther disagreeable ride of it. Our Jehu was an II gers. We got along, upon the whole, tolerably
14
THE
7


190
GENIUS OP UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
well; and after travelling 18 miles, with our below this ferry, and is said to be a place of con-
spiritless donkies, we halted at another creole ta- siderable business. There is, also, a large settle-
vern, kept as a sort of stage house, and exchang-ment of colored people, about 18 or 20 miles low-
ed them for a pretty good span of horses. It was er still, near the village of Malden, or Amherst-
chen nearly night, and we had yet twelve miles to || burg, at the junction of Detroit river and Lake
go, before taking lodgings. The road follows the Erie. I was desirous to see both those places,
lake shore, and the bank of Detroit River, the and to investigate, particularly, the condition of
whole distance. The sky was clear, and, of the latter. I was informed that there are up-
course, the evening was not very dark. As we wards of 300 colored settlers there--nearly or
passed on, the land became more rolling, and the quite all from the United States--and that they
farms more numerous. I was informed that the are, in the general way, doing well. The land,
inhabitants were, still, mostly creoles. A few | in that section of the country, is represented as
Europeans and Yankees have settled down being rather flat, and somewhat swampy; but,
among them. There were, also, a small number in the main, it is said to be very rich and produc-
of colored people, in different places, but no re tive. We made preparations to cross the river,
gular settlement of them in this particular section in the early part of the forenoon; and though
of the country. When we came to the foot of the the ice rendered it somewhat difficult, we suc-
lake, or near it, we passed a place, where the wa-
ceeded, and landed safely in Detroit. In a few
ter had previously overflowed the bank, for a
hours afterwards, the ice covered the whole sur-
considerable distance. It was now frozen solid, || face of the river, and completely interdicted all
and presented us with a road, almost equal to a communication with the other shore. I must not
“M'Adamized” turnpike. Unluckily, our old | omit to mention, that among the number of those
stage played us a trick, that caused a little deten- who crossed, thus opportunely, were the English
tion. While going at a good gait on this beau-| lady and her children, who had travelled with us
tiful highway, one of the fore wheels broke loose || the last two days. She found her husband, as
and ran off, tilting the venerable coach much more
she expected; and they were mutually gratified
aslant than was desirable to any of our compa- || to meet each other in good health and spirits.
ny. Jehu reined up the horses, as soon as he Having now finished my tour through this part
could, and several of us scampered after the elop- of Upper Canada, and accomplished the object
ing wheel. It was well that this happened on of it, as far as the season of the year, the mode of
the ice, as the axletree slid along, until the car-travelling, and the time I could devote to it, would
riage was stopped without injury. Having re-
permit, I shall close my diary, with a few gene-
paired damages, we proceeded on our way, and || ral observations.
soon came to more rolling land again. We now
The reader of this journal has been informed,
took leave of the lake; and, following the bank | that my sole motive, in performing the tour, was
of the river, we reached the ferry, opposite De to investigate the state of things, generally, in
troit, at about 8 o'clock in the evening. For the that part of the country, as far as my very limit-
last few miles, we had an excellent road ; and the ed means would allow, with the view of publish-
country is well settled. The banks of the river | ing the result thereof, for the benefit of such co-
are high ; the land lies well; and I was told that lored persons in the United States as may wish
the soil is of a good quality, and produces abun-| to remove thither. I had intended visiting the
dantly when properly cultivated. We took || seat of government for that province, and making
lodgings at a tavern, kept by a gentleman of the some inquiries of their statesmen and politicians,
name of House, who likewise keeps a stage of- || but found it impracticable, as the time could not
fice, and a ferry. All were gratified in finding | be spared. Neither had I leisure to make ac-
comfortable quarters, after performing a journey || quaintance with those exercising the local authori-
of sixty-nine miles, through the inclement wea-ty, or to examine public works of any description,
ther, and over the kind of road, that we had to where I went. The view I have taken is, indeed,
encounter to-day.
extremely superficial ;-yet I hope the investiga-
January 24th.
tion will not be without its use. I have carefully
Although the weather had been mild, and con noted the appearance of the country through
sequently the river, at this place, had been clear which I passed. The general character of its jn-
of ice for a number of days,--it was now very | habitants has been delineated, by comparison with
cold, and somewhat stormy. The ice was run those of our states, from which a pretty correct
ning, early this morning; and fearing the river | idea may be formed thereof. The geographical
would soon close again, by which means I might || position of several colored settlements has been
be too long detained, I determined on crossing it, stated, and that at Wilberforce particularly and
before visiting some other settlements on the Ca-minutely described. And the peculiar advantages
nada side, as I had previously intended. The of that part of the country—its fine climate, variety
village of Sandwich is situated about two miles | ofagricultural productions, convenienceof markets,


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
191
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
&c., &c., have been adverted to. It remains for friend Garrison, (in his paper of March 3d,
me to say that, from every investigation that I | 1832,) relative to the purchase of slaves for eman-
have been able to make, and all the information | cipation. Had he copied the article, upon which
I could obtain, by frequent conversation and in- || he comments so unceremoniously, all would have
quiry among many intelligent persons, both those been fair. As he did not do this, his readers are
who were friendly and those who were inimical | left to draw the most unfavorable conclusions,
to our colored people, that the country in question when, in fact, neither he nor they have the least
will be very suitable for them, particularly those cause for it. The article in question was insert-
north of the Carolinas, if they choose to locate ed in the Genius of Universal Emancipation, for
themselves therein. The same rights and privi- || January, 1932, under the head of “ The Surplus
leges will be guaranteed to them, as to other Revenue.” The editor of the “Liberator” is
British subjects; and many of the white inhabit now requested to copy it, exactly as it stands in the
ants of this republic have voluntarily exchanged Genius,—with just such comments as he then
their citizenship, here, for the immunities they may please to make. But he must be careful in
may there enjoy. I would not urge-I would not
what he says. Our tight-built bark has wea-
ask a single free man to go, who is not so disposed. thered too many storms to be blown ashore easi-
My business is, to give him information. If he || ly. The Genius of Universal Emancipation has
can profit by it, I shall rejoice-if he negleots to
NEVER advocated the proposition for “buying
pay attention to it, he does but exercise a perfect the slaves,” in the sense in which the “Liberator”
right, which it would be highly improper for me
here presents the subject. It could not be dono
to question him about. Believing, however, that without the most palpable inconsistency-the
there are many, among the persecuted colored
most glaring dereliction of principle.
people of the states south of the Delaware, who
We would not censure our friend unsparingly,
are extremely desirous to change their situation, nor impede, for a moment, the chivalric wing of
and would be glad of such information as I have his eagle spirit; but when he descends to the
here collected, I shall be amply remunerated for earth, his course is, sometimes, rather headlong
the hardship and expense of my cold and toilsome and reckless. When mounted on his mettlesome
journey, if I can be successful in laying it, gene- hobby, scorning to touch the reins, and leaning
forward with his cap extended in one hand, and a
sally, before them.
B. LUNDY.
barbed goad in the other, (to say nothing of the
rowels at his heels,) he thinks of neither rocks
KIDNAPPING PROPENSITIES.
nor quagmires, but rides as though he would dis-
The editor of the Genius of Universal Eman-
tance the winds !
cipation recently passed through Columbia, Ohio, in pursuing the path that others have beaten :-
It is true, he may be safe
on his way from Upper Canada to the lower part but should he penetrate the wilderness of despot-
of that state. While at one of the principal ho-
ism, where forests are dense, and mountains are
tels, in Columbia, he became slightly acquainted || high, and bridgeless streams are wide and deep,-
with sundry persons employed in the stage office, where serpents and crocodiles abound, and even
and elsewhere, who boldly denounced the friends the tigers prowl at noon,—he must, at least,phi
of emancipation, and all their measures. They losophise a little, as he goes along. We like tho
were plainly dealt with; and we learn that some
fearless daring of an independent spirit; and wo
of them were several days afterwards engaged in also like the prudence of a skilful engineer, when
seeking and examining old files of newspapers, to in the neighborhood of a steam boiler, almost rea-
ascertain the terms and actual amount of the dy to explode with a force of more than two mil-
s geward,» offered by Georgian despots, and | lions of pounds, avoirdupois! The simile may
others, for the apprehension and delivery into be somewhat mal-appropos,—but our friend Gar-
their custody of persons known to publish and rison will understand it.
circulate among them what they please to deno-
minate “incendiary publications.” That it was
the intention of those heartless villains, to have
We extract from the “ Palladi m," paper
kidnapped the editor, and carried him to the south,
published at Richmond, Indiana, a notice of a
could they have assured themselves of the “re-
case of kidnapping, which recently occurred at
ward," there is not the least doubt. Even in
what are denominated “free states,” the most pro- the middle of March.
that place. The statement was published about
fligate tyrants and desperadoes abound. Let the
A colored boy, belonging to this place, about 11
people look to it.
years of age, has lately disappeared, under cir-
cumstances calculated to induce the belief that he
has been kidnapped, by a man of the name of
The editor of the Genius of Universal Eman- Harris, who is about 26 years of age, 6 feet 2 or 3
inches high, black hair and cyes, dark complex-
cipation is, not only, "sorry and surprised,” but || ion, and rather stoop-shouldered. Said Harris
also a little indignant, at the remarks of his ll came to this neighborhood in the early part of the
KIDNAPPING
17
EMANCIPATION BY PURCHASE.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
193
ven.
Fiat Justitia Kuat Cælum.
the doctrines preached by a majority of its agents, We shall not be surprised if the Mexicans may
are far more agreeable to the advocates of slave- 1 yet be induced to drive oui every slavite in Tex-
ry, than to the friends of universal emancipation. || as. The advocates of the hellish system, in this
Like all other institutions, founded merely upon | country, are watching their opportunity to make
popular whim, it has had a mushroom growth, and an attempt to wrest that fine territory from the
will have a mushroom existence. Like the cele- || Mexican Republic. But let them beware! Tho
brated “ African Institution,” of England, it has moment that our government enlists in the out-
been exceedingly popular, and had its heralds and rageous crusade, a mine is sprung beneath the
trumpeters, who have proclaimed its importance, | seat of slavite power, that shall scatter it, with
when paid for so doing. And many have been its miserable advocates, to the four winds of hea-
astounded by their loud and incessant din of-
“Great is Diana of the Ephesians!" But a
change is taking place in public opinion. Some
At the request of the editor of the "Liberator,”
who have been among the most ardent advocates
we copy an article addressed to the “Virginia
of that Institution, are beginning to see that it is Society," of Columbia, S. C., by Nat. Field, of
not calculated, of itself, to effect the abolition of Indiana. The writer holds out a bold front. His
slavery; and they are patriotically extending their | reference to “Haman” and his "gallows," is pe-
views to other means, for the accomplishment of
culiarly appropriate.
the great and important object. We could men-
From the Liberator.
tion the names of many distinguished individu-
VIGILANCE SOCIETY, COLUMBIA, 8. C.
als, who have thus become convinced of its impo-
Jeffersonville, ( Indiana,) Feb. 4, 1832.
tency, though they still adhere to it, as an auxilia GENTLEMEN-- You have introduced into
ry that is calculated to awaken and arrest the the columns of the Telescope a very unwar-
public attention, in some degree. This is the rantable commentary upon a letter addressed
light in which we ever have viewed it. And by me to the Society. Had you published
should the philanthropic Clarkson and Wilber- Jiny letter, ali injustice and trouble would have
been obviated. The course you have pursu-
force survive the rockings of the pending refor-ed, 'betrays you to be shallow, ignorant and
mation, a few more fleeting years, they will dis- enthusiastic, laboring under strong delusion.'
cover that the American Colonization Society is I am satisfied now that the suspicion, which
now based upon the self-same principle that the I have for some time entertained, is well
English African Institution formerly was,--and, founded, viz. that a Junta has been formed in
unless it changes ground entirely, and keeps pace the liberty of the press, and as a salvo for
South Carolina for the purpose of abridging
with the march of public opinion, it will, eventu-
your unconstitutional proceeding, pronounce
ally, be abandoned, as that Institution has been, || every rational appeal to the magnanimous and
even by the very venerable and pious philanthro- | philanthropic citizens of your State, an 'in-
pists whose feelings have been enlisted in its fa- || cendiary publication. This, no doubt, will
vor, as above mentioned.
go down very well, where the people are dis-
tracted with a political deliriuin, with wild
vagaries about Nullification, State rights,
It is said that a gentleman, of the name of Mc South Carolina are not free, but are restrice-
&c. . I am now convinced that the presses in
Clure, residing in Newport, Ky., made a donation ||ed by political Juntas, whose tyranvical con-
to the American Colonization Society, a short duct, hypocritical pretensions to republican-
time since, of ten thousand dollars. A good exam- | ism, and contempt for the Federal Constilu-
ple, this, for those who are engaged in a still bet- tion, have converted them into a mere scab
upon the Confederacy. My object in ad.
dressing the Vigilance Association was to ab-
tain their consent to read a pamphlet of mine,
and if they conceived it admissible to the pub-
A young gentleman from Mississippi, now in lic mind of their State, to inform me of it. “As
Brazoria, Texas, writes thus:-
you had offered a large reward for the distri-
“The emigration of North Americans to Tex-butors of anti-slave papers, I was disposed
as, and the introduction of black servants, (slaves,] to treat you respectfully; and to guard against
haye been prohibited by the Mexican govern an infraction of your laws and settled policy,
in relation 10 slavery, I wished, by a frank,
It is said that much discontent exists among legal and manly course, sanctioned by your
the colonists, on this account; and even resistance approbation, to present an address to the en-
is talked of! “They will, first, remonstrate,"
lightened Christian community of South Ca-
rolina, upon the subject of emancipation, and
says this writer; "and if this fails, their future || not to your slaves, who could not read it if I
movement will depend upon the decision of the did. The Society well know that I disavow-
question: Are they able to cope with the Mex-ed any intention of exciting their slaves, or
ican power ?”
of putting any thing into their hands that I
LIBERALITY.
ter cause.
THE TEXAS COUNTRY.
ment."


194
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
6
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
might write. If you deny this, I request you SCHOOLS FOR COLORED CHILDREN.
to show the contrary by publishing my letter.
The proceedings of the colored people of Pitts-
You state that I'threatened' to distribute my || burgh, Pa., are important, and will be read with
pamphlet in South Carolina: this I deny. I
asked your permission to do it, which you
interest by the friends of the African race. Let
have refused, and condemned it without ever measures of this nature be generally adopted, and
seeing it!
we shall soon see a change in the dark aspect of
You seem to think that a desire of fame is public sentiment, now involved in tenfold gloom
the secret spring of iny conduct. How en-by the ignorance of all classes, relative to the in-
viable the fame of being known through the || tellectual capacity of the man of color. When
South as an incendiary —to be denounced knowledge forces the understanding, prejudice
as a 'wretch,' 'deluded,' shallow brained
ignoramus,' &c. Great fame, truly!! The must yield; and the abominable doctrines relat-
wretch who set fire to the Temple of Diana, ing to African inferiority, and the “necessity"
perpetuated his name as an Incendiary :' || of African degradation, will be exploded.
but now-a-days, iſ a freeman of this Repub-
From the Pittsburgh Statesman.
lic writes a temperate and rational address to
COLORED CHILDREN.
Christians and philanthropists upon a subject We insert the proceedings of a meeting,
of the greatesi magnitude, in which their attended by many of the respectable co-
character for consistency and moral justice is lored people of this city, as also the con-
involved, he is forthwith stigmatized as an
'incendiary,' lusting after fame!! and if he stitution adopted by them in reference to
From the cha-
dare to assert the inaxion of our venerable | the subject of education.
forefathers, that all men are created free and racter of those who presided, and of those
equal,' and that no man has a right to tram- | appointed to fill the several offices, we
ple upon the inalienable rights of another, he are satisfied that these proceedings and
is branded as a traitor and insurgent,' and this movement were spontaneous and vo-
threatened with the gallows and divers other luntary—that they have not been super-
punishments; and that by men who profess | induced by any suggestions or promises
to be iinbued with the spirit of the imınortal of aid from the whites, and that the co-
Rutledge, Marion, Sumpter, &c. There is
always catching before 'hanging,' gentlemen; lored people alone, are entitled to the cre-
and while you are building gallowses, remem- dit of originating for themselves a plan of
ber Haman; and rest assured that when education, and they alone are responsible
you, by your plans of reward, bring a citizen || for its progress and the fulfilment of its
of this State under a gallows (which you objects. We are aware of the prejudice
erect) for the exercise of a constitutional | that exists in the minds of many in re-
privilege, your inquisitorial banditti will ne-
ver take hold of another in the same way.
ference to this subject, and that it would
I sincerely wish you well
, gentleinen, and be folly to attempt to reason against the
tender you this remark as good advice, and chilling effects of those invidious feelings
pray God that you may see the folly of your which are habituated into a passion, and
high-handed measures. I am now satisfied, which grow out of the natural and dis-
and nover expect to trouble you again. Itinctive characteristics which disseminate
asked you to sanction a constitutional privi. ll and divide the whites and the blacks.---
lege, which you have denied, and I acquiesce. But we would nevertheless hope, that for
In writing to you for the grant of this privi-
lege, my language inay have been too poign-
an object so laudable as that of the educa-
ant for your nice sensibilities; but pardontion of their offspring, by colored teachers,
me when I tell you that it was penned under and in schools of their own, they will
the influence of feelings excited by reading meet with encouragement and liberality
your reward offered for the authors of papers even from a white population. It is a
upon slavery. In conclusion, I can assure
matter worthy, at least, of the considera-
you, gentlemen, that my pamphlet is not in- tion of the public, whether the establish-
cendiary--that it was published in Kentucky,
(Louisville) by slaveholding printers, and is | ment of a school to be opened exclusively
well received by slaveholders in that State, | for the children of colored people, be not
and read with pleasure ; and they entertain | an object worthy of public support? We
no fears of its doing any mischief; and they are told it is the design of the colored
are men of as much intelligence as any of people, in a limited degree, to solicit such
your honorable body. I would not thus have || support; and although they may expect,
iroubled you, had you not indulged in charg- in some instances, to be coolly received,
os unauthorized by my letter, and rashly || and to have their project looked upon with
condemned my pamphlet without seeing it.
I am, gentlemen,
a jaundiced and suspicious eye, yet we
Very respectfully,
trust, that in no instance will their recep-
Your obedient servant,
tion be so cold as to wither their prospecta
NAT. FIELD. or blast their undertaking


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EVANCIPATION.
197
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
FRIENDS' SCHOOL IN AFRICA.
ments for the advancement and improvement of
We were not until lately aware that the sub-
human beings. These disadvantages, which
they in common with other uncivilized nations
ject of Education in Africa had claimed the at-
labor under, is with them cruelly increased, by
tention of the Society of Friends in England.- that oppression, which, wherever exercised, has
From the second Report of their “Commitee un a natural tendency to fetter, to depress, and to
blunt the powers of the mind; and it is very
African Instruction, we have made some ex-
unfair, and a great aggravation of the cruelty,
tracts which we think will be interesting to our to reflect on the victims of it, as lacking ability
readers, and more especially so as the person who | for any other station than that which they have
been suffered to fill."
appears most deeply interested in the subject is a
“In the school at Leopold, there was a little
female. It is from her letters that our extracts | boy, who in the course of six months had learn-
are principally taken. But we should perhaps led to read in the Testament; and in the neigh-
preface with such a sketch of the concern, as the boring town of Charlotte, was a very little girl
apparently not more than five or six years of
report before us affords. In the year 1823, Han- age, who read to me the account of the sick of
nah Kilham, the friend alluded to, and Ann | the palsy, restored, very agreeably, and had on-
Thomson, her brother and another friend, accom-
ly had about fifteen months instruction. These
are instances of memory; yet even as to me.
panied by two natives who had been prepared to
mory such instances are not frequent in these
act as teachers, set sail for Africa, with the inten- schools. The number of Bible and Testament
tion of making a temporary residence there, and readers is generally small in proportion to the
number of scholars; and this I do believe must
establishing schools. For this purpose H. Kil- | be attributed to the children not well understand-
ham had previously for several years given much || ing the English language, for they really appear
of her attention to the study and translation of very zealous and lively in their application; and
the Wolof (or Jaloof ) and Mandingo languages, | effect, than it can be whilst they are learning
I long to see that application exercised to more
in the former of which she had prepared a set of mere lists of words, but few of which convey to
elementary books for the use of the schools, with their mind any definite sense or meaning.
translations of selected portions of the scriptures,
“There is one thing particularly pleasant in the
both of them accompanied by the English read-healthy and cheerful; and there is an air of friends
schools; the children generally look clean and
These she had the satisfaction to find, ap ly confidence in the people where we meet with
peared to answer their purpose extremely well, them in the villages, and in their own cottages,
and to be well understood by the natives. In a
which is pleasant to see.
“It seems very evideni, from what we hear,
letter dated from Bathurst, she says:
that civilization is prevented, or has been pre-
“I have the consolation to find, that the hum- vented, along the coast, by the prevalence of
ble attempt upon which I have entered, with re the horrid traffic in men; and the interior, north
gard to the reduction of the African languages of the line, is much more civilized than near
to a written form, appears quite likely to answer the coast, The interior of the south appears to
the design of presenting an intelligible picture to be little known. I wish the sceptics as to Afri.
the natives." " Sandame, one of the native teach- il can capacity could have seen a Foulah man,
ers, has been reading out of the Scripture Les- of striking and intelligent countenance, who was
sons to some natives, at their request, which they here the other day, and have heard his melodi-
appear to understand. “I have began to talk a ous reading of Arabian manuscript."
little Wolof to the children, and long to teach it
Here is a distressing picture of somo of tho
to them from their books."
miseries which owe their origin to the system of
And again, in another letter she remarks :-
“It is evident that the book is quite intelligi- | ers, that in giving their support to that system
slavery ; and let it be remembered by our read-
ble to the natives. Dongo Karry, on hearing a
few sentences, exclaimed, “Ah! that is Jaloof, || they are also abetting all the horrors of the slave
translating them for himself into English ; and trade.
when a few passages of scripture were read, he
cried out with
emphasis, “Great and good-great witness to conceive the wretched state in which
“J. R. says it is impossible for any but an eye-
and good! The girls, who had any previous | the poor victims of slavery are brought in from
knowledge of letters, (acquired at Sierra Leone,)
are learning very fast to read the Jaloof.” Of the captured vessels; and indeed, in a school in
this colony which has been formed since the
the school she says, “our school for girls was
opened here on the 8th inst. just four weeks af- || rest, chiefly from new importations of these poor
ter our landing. We had the first morning eight || the state of impoverishment, from sickness, in
little slaves, it makes one's heart droop to see
scholars, and have now twenty-two."
which some of them still remain. When I points
The following extracts are from letters dated | ed out the healthier looking girls, and asked
Gloucester, Sierra Leone. The schools alluded | where they came from, they were all either
to are some that were previously established, and found to be the children of soldiers or born in
the colony. The great girls have to carry these
not under the direction of the Society of Friends.
poor sick children about on their backs for a
“ If my heart might speak from what my eye long time: many are six months before their
has seen, I would say, I am fully convinced that strength can be restored, and many die. Dr.
it is not any inferiority in the African mind, or Ritchie told me, in the Gambia, that a person
natural capacity, that has kept them in so de- seeing them landed here from the slave vessels,
pressed a state in the scale of society; but the | (he had himself resided here) would pronounce
lack of those advantages which are, in the usual at once, from their state, that half of them could
order of Providence, made use of as instru- || not live. I am told, that the distressing sick-


198
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
CONSTANCL.
ness and wretchedness of the children who are Even childhood's smile of gladness,
thus brought in, is sometimes such that they do On his cheek is faint and dim;
not want to live, but desire only to die.” Shame, and toil, and wrongs, and sadness,
These are all life has for him ;
Here is a pleasanter picture, and we think a
A bitter cup, and flowing to the brim.
very interesting one.
“Four of us took a walk from Regent to
Ah! were such his fate, fond mother!
On whose brow thy lips are prest;
Leicester Mountain, one evening; and having
to return to Regent, 'to lodge, we set out while | If with savage hand another,
the sun was yet shining rather strongly: we
From thine arms that boy might wrest,
rested on an old tree on the side of a hill, as the Oh! think what grief would fill thy sorrowing
breast.
ascent was rather steep. From a hut which
was near, the people came out to speak to us, And canst thou with her enslaver
with very lively, pleasant countenances, and Take a mean and cruel part?
brought two litile wooden benches for us to sit | Cast away the power to save her,
down upon, and a very fine pine-apple for our And with cold and stony heart,
refreshment; we thought it was the finest we Behold the tear drops of her anguish start?
had tasted in Africa, and perhaps it was not mere-
ly our weariness made us think so.
No! as thou would'st hope in heaven
Most pine-
By thy side that boy to see!
apples we have seen grow wild, and this I think,
was from their own little garden. They offered Let thy aid to her be given,
Who is sunk in misery,
us a second, but the first was sufficient for us,
and after staying a little while there we pro- That her sad heart may yet rejoice with thee.
ceeded on our way."
We will add one more extract, expressive of
The following is part of a little English book
H. K.'s feelings towards the country.
for children, called
“I cannot but sincerely desire and hope that
a Friends settlement may one day be formed at
PITY THE NEGRO,
Sierra Leone. How gladly would I return to Or, an Address to Children on the subject of Slavery.
it for a season, should the way appear as plain My dear Children-I wish to speak to you
before me as it appeared to be previous to this on a subject which may be, perhaps, quite
visit:
: which, although it be a time rather for
new to you.
silent thought and feeling, than for the accom-
A few years ago I met with the son of a ſe-
plishment of any thing that could serve either
the dear children or the people, yet I am satis- male Negro slave, who came from the W. In-
fied in having moved at the season that seemed | dies, and who had been a slave there hijnself.
best so far as I could see; and I feel this place He was an intelligent man, could read well,
for the present quite like home to me: so much and had learnt Dr. Watts's hymns by heart
80, that even if I should never return, my heart when he was a little boy; and my mother
will often be here, as in a scene that cannot be brought him to our house to give him a Bible.
forgotten."
It was the hearing him talk that first made me
For the Genius of Universal Emancipation.
think of these things about which I wish you
to be interested.
AN APPEAL FOR THE SLAVE.
Mother! with thine infant sleeping
“Do you know where sugar comes from ?
Peacefully upon thy knee,
It does not grow in England, but is brought
Think of one, far distant, weeping,
from a country a great way off across the sea,
As she bends in love like thee,
from the very place where this man was born.
Over the couch of helpless infancy.
But this sugar is not planted and gathered in,
Thou while oer thy young boy bending, as wheat is here, by free people who are paid
Thinking of his future years,
for their work: no, it is cultivated by slaves,
With thy joy and hope art blending
by poor black Africans, who are bought and
Sometimes even to starting tears
sold like brute beasts, who are compelled to
Anxious solicitude, and doubts, and fears.
labor without wages, under the lash of a cart
Yet his future opens brightly,
whip; and who are marked with red hot
As uncertain things may be ;
Thou wilt guide his young steps rightly,
irons, flogged and chained at the pleasure of
their owners.
And the wise and good, with thee,
Shall be the guardians of his destiny.
“The man I told you of had lost his right
eye; it was put out when he was a little boy
But that sad one, as she hushes
Her poor infant's wailing cry,
by his overseer, who, because the poor child
And the gloomy future rushes
stood in his way, knocked him down, and he
Painfully before her eye,
fell into a sugar pan, in the bottom of which
Sees no fair hopes illume its clouded sky.
was a little boiling sugar. Had the pan been
full he must have been killed. We asked
On his brow she gazes, knowing
That a stamp of shame is there;
him many questions. He told us that the
That his young hopes, ere their blowing,
severest flogging he ever received, was gir-
Shall be crush'd with toil and care,
en him for crying when he was parted from
And the rude chains his swelling pulse must wear.
bis mother. The following is his own ac-
The soft limbs she loads with blessings
count of the event.
The rude scourge may lacerate;
• My mother lived a slave from the fif.
And her care and fond caressings,
teenth year of her age, (I suppose) till her
Be exchanged for scornful hate,
death. She came from a part of the Gold
And all the ills that o'er the slave await.
Coast called Anamaboo, but exactly where I


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION,
199
A. B.
WILBERFORCE SETTLEMENT.
Fiat Jusitia Ruat Cælum.
cannot tell. She was a favorite with our Fiercer hands are those, my jewel,
housekeeper, and in many things was favor-
That shall tear me far from thea.
ed, which may in some measure account for Day and night, long years of anguish,
the advantages I enjoyed above what falls to I could bear to droop and grieve:
the common lot of slaves. My inother was But if thou, my boy, should'st languish,
one of the house cooks. I was looked upon Who shall watch thee ?-who relieve ?
as one of the happiest little slaves in the
Will they force me over waters?
place; iny mother could be kind to me; the Shall wide hills betwixt us rise ?
housekeeper* was good to me; but as all Tyrants! have they sons and daughters,
human happiness must have an end, so it
And bereave a mother's eyes?
happened that the last night approached Will thou, when long years roll o'er thee,
when my mother's bosomn should pillow my Years of toil, and wo, and scorn,
head. A gentleman from the island of Bar Still remember her who bore thee?
badoes came to our house, and some dish at Still when thou art most forlorn 3
the table happening to piease him, he said he
If thou hear'st the name of mother
would give a hundred guineas for a slave that
Springing from young lips at play,
could dress a dish like that. (Slaves were Thrilling start, because another
not so dear then as they have been since.) Said what thou hast ceased to say?
My inaster instantly replied, 'You shall have
Break, thou heart, whose joys are perished,
the slave who dressed that dish for the sum."
Break ere end this last sad night;
The bargain was concluded at table, and the Ere I leave the child I've cherish'd,
next day my mother left me for ever. Black Break:-nor see to-morrow's light.
children, as well as white, will cry when either
grieved or vexed; grief, like all of the Afri-
can race, I felt severely; and severely was I
punished ;-that day I writhed beneath the
The Olio.
lash.'
"In an account which he wrote at the re-
From the Liberator.
quest of iny mother, he adds, “The smart of
the wounds is gone, but the marks still re-
main; and as the recollection passes over
Mr. Garrison I find that the Wilber-
my mind, not all the ice in Greenland would force settement has far exceeded the ex-
cool my burning brain. Let this suffice-Ipectations of many, (especially our ene.
can say no more. Let those who have mo-|| mies,) in its rapid growth, within the
thers, love, honor, and obey them. Father of course of two years. It appears that the
mércies! thou knowest it, and thou alone, the extensive emigration from the United
agonizing thrill that pervades this heart, when | States has augmented that settlement to
I hear an affectionate child, say—Mother.'
"If you, my dear children, now understand, about 2,000 souls, within this short space
in some degree, what slavery is, I hope you of time. What a vast difference be.
are wishing to hear what you can do to tween this and the colony of Liberia on
help the poor slaves.
the western coast of Africa ! The Colo-
• As slavery is sin, we have a strict com- | nization Society has been straining to ac-
mand not to be partakers of it; for in the complish in sixteen years, what has been
the first epistle of St. Paul to Timothy, v. 22, | done in about sixteen months, besides the
it is written, • Neither be partakers of other
men's sins. Now you all, I fear, eat West || advantage it has had over these patriotio
India sugar, though it is cultivated at the ex settlers. Hundreds of dollars have been
pense of the blood and tears of your fellow- || collected and lavished, and continue to be
creatures; and it is by the extensive con wasted upon that colony, where, before
sumption of that article that slavery is chief- half, or I may say two thirds, of its emi.
ly maintained. But, now that you know these
grants become naturalized to the climate,
things, I think you will no longer be able to || they are swept away as with a besom of
hear this sugar."
destruction. Not so with the settlement
of Wilberforce. They have the salubri-
ous air of the high latitudes—they prefer
Supposed to be addressed by the Negro Woman toll going there, because they are not exposed
her child, on the night before she left him.
to the danger of the seas, nor the enor-
Fare thee well! my child of sorrow!
Comfort of my drcary heart,
mous expense of transportation ; and, be.
Now I clasp thee, but to-morrow
sides, they are received there by the Ca-
Sees me wandering far apart.
nadians as brethren and fellow-subjects to
Oh! the hands that fiercely cruel,
his Majesty King William IV; whose
Tore my flesh with agony,
laws are not so hard to them as the laws
* It was this housekeeper, who was a Scotch: Il about ten millions of majesties, callod
of the U. States, made and executed by
woman, who, unknown to her master, taught
him to read.
freemen, or free tramplers upon the rights
LINES
؛


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
EDITED BY B. LUNDY-PUBLISHED IN WASHINGTON AND BALTIMORE -$1.00 PER ANN.
“ We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, and endowed by their Creator with
certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”—Dec. Ind. U, S.
ADDENDA TO VOL, XII. -AUGUST, 1832.
THE EDITOR TO HIS PATRONS. 1 It is well known that a political revolution has
When the matter was prepared for the May || agitated the Mexican Republic for some months
number of this work, it was intimated that the past. Few in this country, however, appear to
first number of the thirteenth volume would ap- be fully acquainted with either the true cause,
pear in the month of July, following. I was then or the actual progress thereof. While it is rep-
making an arrangement to visit the eastern parts resented by many as a inere contest for power,
of the Mexican Republic, and expected to re- among rival chieftains, the most absurd and con-
turn in season to superintend the printing, &c. tradictory statementz are heralded through the
myself. But having been detained a little longer | newspapers,
relative to the motives and proceed-
than I had anticipated, it was necessarily delay-ings of the disputants in the arena of combat.
ed. And as it has not been in my power to begin
The origin and cause of the late movements
it at the period that I intended, I have determined ! of the party, headed by Santa Anna, (who first
to issue another extra half sheet, as a gratuity to raised the standard of opposition to the measures
the patrons of the work. The new volume will of government at Vera Cruz,) was the belief,
be commenced immediately after I return to generally entertained and expressed, that the
Washington, and the publication continued reg- | Executive Officers bau acted illegally and uncon-
ularly, it is hoped, thereafter. BTWELVE | stitutionally; and also that they had determined
Sheets will be furnished for a year's subscription. || to curtail the civil authority by shielding them-
This Extra is printed at Cincinnati, Ohio, as I selves with the bayonets of the soldiery. As
shall be detained yet a few weeks from home.
soon as the people at large perceived that Sanla
I hope. for the indulgence of my friends and | Anna had taken the same steps which he did some
patrons, when I inform them that, since I penned || years before, in the case of Iturbide's usurpation,
the last article for their perusal, i have travelled they joined him very generally, and the execu-
wore than four thousand miles, through our slave tive officers, with the exception of the Vice Pres-
holding states, and in Mexico,—about four nun- ident, resiyned their seats. A cessation of hos-
dred of which were performed on foot, and alone, tilities then took place, for the purpose of refer-
under the fervid rays of a burning sun. During ing the whole cause of dispute to the decision
this period, I frequently reposed on the ground, of the ballot box..* It may, in truth, be said that
at night, with no other canopy than the starry the contest is between the Democracy and the
heavens and the dewy atmosphere. My object Aristocracy of the country,
The latter has
was, the investigation of matters connected with hitherto generally maintained the ascendancy;t
the system of slavery, and the establishment of but the former must inevitably, and speedily,
another asylum for the maltreated and persecu- unite the moral with the physical power, and
ted man of color. The result of my enquiries rule the nation. The march of intelligence and
and observations will he communicated in the intellectual and moral improvement is steady
future pages of this publication,
and rapid; and, at the same time, a detestation
MEXICO-TEXAS-COLONIZATION.
*Since the foregoing was written, we learn that the
The editor of the Genius of Universal Eman- ties in the South has expired, and that hostilities
period of the armistice between the contending par.
cipation having recently paid a short visit to the were renewed. The Presidential election takes
eastern part of the state of Coahuila and Texas, place in September next, which it is to be hoped will
terminate these dissertions, and restore tranquility
in the republic of Mexico, with the view of in- and prosperity to the nation.
vestigating the condition of that section of coun-
+A portion of this aristocracy is composed of the
try, &c. had an opportunity of obtaining some| Priesthood, which yet possesses a limited and linger.
information, and making a few casual observa-ling influence in the political councils, and over the
mass of the people. But the power of this class is
tions, relative to the aspect of political affairs, fast waning, and even now is wholly deprived of its
as well as the situation and prospects of the in- potency in some parts of the republic. In the State
habitants generally. And believing that a brief legislative stations, by law.
of Zacatecas, the clergy are rendered inelligible to
And a paper, published
review of the state of things, there, may not belin Coahuila and Texas, has recently nost severely
uninteresting to the inquisitive reader, the follow-l criticised the conduct of the parish priest, denounc-
ing him in no measured terms, and setting his author-
ing hasty remarks are submitted.
ity at nought, with perfect impunity.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
207
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
terprise, the system of African slavery was tole- omits the enumeration, as above;--but if he is
rated by the Mexican Government, and the col- | not as mad as the inmate of a lunatic asylum,
onists were mostly slaveholders. In the year he must know that the odds are here under-rated.
1824, this foul blot was partially erased from the He likewise omits another important calculation,
national escutcheon, by a legal enactment. All viz.--In case of a rebellion in Texas, neither the
children, born within the limits of the republic, || Mexicans, nor the Indians, nor the English, can
after that period, are to be free; and all slaves for one moment, believe it proceeds from the will
subsequently introduced, as such, were to be im- of the colonists, alone; but that the machina-
mediately liberated. Yet the colonists, in ma-
tions of the slavites in the United States must be
ny instances, evaded the provisions and penal- || at the bottom of it: and, viewing it in this light,
ties of the law, by taking them in under inden-| the last would—as the allies of Mexico-act ac-
tures for ninety-nine years. At the last session ofcordingly, should it become necessary on any ac-
thé Legislature, a new colonization law was
count whatever.
enacted, which confirms the previous regulations
probibiting the introduction of slaves, &c. and
MORE “INDEPENDENCE."
declaring all “indentures," for personal services,
The signs of the times would seem to indicate
null and void at'the expiration of ten years. This
that two or more of the States of this Republic
has sorely disappointed the slave holding colo-
are resolved to throw off the shackles of union,
nists. They had petitioned the Legislature for
some extension of their despotic privileges, -and || of the most fiery politicians of South Carolina
and declare themselves 6 independent.” Some
were answered by this important curtailment
therereof!-It is probable, therefore, that the
and Georgia have wrought up the slaveholders
character of the emigration, henceforth, will be of those states to a pitch of phrenzy, that bor-
ders on open rebellion against the general govern-
greatly changed. Few slaveholders will settle
there in future; and no slaves will be taken in, ment. The ostensible cause of this is the Tariff
otherwise than clandestinely. There are now a
regulations, &c. the true one is a dread of the
considerable number of slaves in the country, || preponderating influence and power of the “ Free
but very few free colored people. The migra- | States, and an apprehension that they them-
tion of the latter has never been encouraged by || selves will not much longer be able to rule the
those who have superintended the business of nation, as they have been wont to do.
colonization. But it is believed that the time is
Were it not for the direful scenes which the
not far distant, when the door will be fairly open-| event would inevitably bring to our view, we
ed for their admittance; and it may safely be would almost say to these furious madcaps: Go
asserted, that no country in the world holds outon-put your threats in execution—the sooner
superior advantages for them, or is as well suited the better--slavery will be abolished in your section
to their state and condition and their natural of the country, at least, fifty years the earlier by it!
constitutions.
But we forbear; and would fain indulge the hope,
A particular description of part of the Texas that a returning sense of reason may yet induce
them to pause in their reckless career; and thus
country, the general character of the popula-
postpone, if not wholly avoid, the calamities of
tion, &c. &c. may be expected in the next num-
ber of the Genius of Universal Emancipation. || factious insurrectionary strife. While such in-
servile commotion, added to the consequences of
flammatory language is frequently used, howev-
TEXAS INDEPENDENT.
er, as that contained in the paragraphs below,
Some wag, recently from Austin's Colony, has even in the public assemblies of the people, it will
been quizzing the editor the Richmond, Va.l be difficult to foresee tbe final result of the tem-
“Compiler,” (who, by the way, is no other than pestuous raging of their angry passions. A polit-
the "fanatical” old gentleman of the “Rich ndical and mural “ fanatacism” propels the actors
Enquirer,”') and filling his pericranium with tru-l in the tragic drama forward, and some of them
ly sublime ideas of the Independence of Texas. would even glory in their self-immolation on the
He descants most logically and learnedly on the altar of martial delusion. What effect must the
advantages of an independent government,|| expression of sentiments like the following have
there, and the prodigious feats of valor, which upon the slaves, when heard, repeated, and com-
his fancy recognizes in a handful of colonists, in mented upon, by the intelligent and discerning
a contest with a hundred thousand, or so, of|| among them? Did ever a Walker, or a Nat Tur-
Mexican soldiei's! For convenience sake, hener say anything better calculated to rouse


208
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Calum.
AS A SLAVE FOR A SINGLE MOMENT.
them, and induce them to resist the power of their I have never, I repeat, advocated the purchase
oppressors ?
of a slave, in such way as to sanction the prin-
Terrible!—One of the South Carolina orators: ||ciple of slavery.-Yet I would willingly incur
a Mr. R. Barnwell Smith, thus magnificently bawled
on the 4th ot July-who does not feel chilling fear," || almost any pecuniary sacrifice, (in addition to
at such an outcry?
several thousand dollars which I have already
"Revolution! šir, I feel no chilling fears, no appal-
ling terrors come over me at the sound. On the con- || sacrificed,) to rid my country of the foul re-
trary, I feel my mind elate, and my spirits rise, as at proach and the impending calamity that awaits
the rushing gale which bears me over the waves of a
stormy ocean. What, sir, has the people ever gain- | it, in consequence of upholding that “accursed
ed but by revolution?' What have tyrants ever con- | system.” In passing an "irrevocable” edict, the
ceded but to revolution? From the beginning of effect of which should totally and forever abolish
time, liberty bas been acquired but at the price of
blood, and that shed in revolution.
slavery, and as a condition thereofto appropriate
"No, sir! she came into existence, like the fabled || funds with the view of their distribution as dona-
harvest of the dragon's teeth, covered all over with
the panoply of war-with her breast plate and bel tions to the citizens of a State who may have
met on, and her spear glittering for the destruction | been compelled to give up their slaves, would be
of tyrants.
very different things from that of purchasing such
word to the brave and free. Let tyrants curse it, || sent of their holders.
“Revolution! sir, it is the dearest and the holiest only as could be obtained by the voluntary con-
and the fearful tremble at it. It may liſt the storm,
on which the proud bird of freedom loves to rock and I do not consider it necessary to dwell upon
soar; but who will not take it, with all its troubles this subject. My sentiments have ever been ad-
and trials, rather than the cold, accursed living
death of slavery."-Niles' Register.
verse to the principle that tolerates the mon-
strous anomaly in our free institutions—that
PURCHASE OF SLAVES-AGAIN. man can be viewed as the property of man. I deny
In looking over a file of the Liberator, since its correctness, in toto. I have asserted—and the
have had an opportunity of seeing it again, 1 | assertion has been recorded, an hundred times,
perceive that the editor has complied with my that NO MAN CAN, IN JUSTICE, HOLD ANOTHER
request, in copying the article relative to the
Tbe
purchase of slaves, upon which he had previously laws,” established by any community, to up-
animadverted. He also accompanies it with a hold a system of personal slavery, ARE FOUNDED
few additional remarks, in which he still expres-ON NOTHING BETTER THAN THE RESOLVES OF
ses his regret that any proposition for the pur- | A BAND OF HIGH-WAY ROBBERS. It is sustain-
chase of slaves should be countenanced. ed, in this country, upon no other ground than
Now, if my friend will look a little deeper what ignorance, prejudice, and despotism have
in'o the matter, I think he will discover that he || denominated “expediency." Could the argu-
is still mistaken, with respect to my sentiments.ments of reason and justice prevail, every slave
Have I ever advocated the purchase of a slave, holder, refusing to liverate a slave, would be sub-
by the government, strictly speaking? No such ||ject to the same, or an infinitely greater penalty
thing! Inexpressing my satisfaction at the prop- than would be inflicted on a man for retaining a
osition of the editor of the New York American, || horse, when demanded, which he had purchased
I only approved it so far as it looked to the “RRE- knowing the animal to have been stolen.
VOCABLE” EXTINCTION OF SLAVERY, and was Some months since, the following article was
THEREBY calculated to awaken the public attention || put in my hands by an esteemed friend, residing
to the subject. The paragraph, quoted from the at New Bedford, Massachusetts. He had just
New York Whig, was noticed for no other pur- | received it from a gentleman in England. I en-
pose, as was plainly evident, than to place the sealtertain strong objections to the plan here propo-
of condemnation upon it.
sed, but have not room for them in this sheet.-
But let us have a fair understanding about this. While the attention of the reader is drawn to the
matter of “purchasing” slaves. Does William | subject, it may be a fit occasion to lay the propo-
Lloyd Garrison object to it under any and every | sition before him. Let all read, reflect, and
circumstance? Suppose, for instance, his father, || judge for themselves.
mother, sister, or brother, were held in slavery PURCHASING THE FREEDOM OF, AND GIVING
by some “barbarian,” in the Turkish or Alge-
rine dominions.--Would he, in the absence of
all hope of obtaining their liberation by other
The measures hitherto either proposed or
means, consent to their bóransom,” by the pay-|| amelioration or extinction of Slavery in its
adopted by the British Government, for the
ment of a sum of money? The question is a Colonies, appear to be merely prospective, and
fair one; let him and every reader solve it. in anticipation of beneficial results, at some
A CHRISTIAN EDUCATION TO SLAVE
CHILDREN.


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
209
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
9001
c, tỷ
Y cada
S.
future and indefinite period, dependent on con- ||dom, would tend to ameliorate and improve
tingencies, which many intervening circum- | their dispositions and in some degree reconcile
stances may either greatly protract,* or to-them to their present unhappy condition, an-
tally annihilate.
ticipating the possibility of their children re-
Considering the imperfection of all human deeming them also.
systems, and the frailties of human nature, The first years expense of purchasing the
operating on mankind variously, from the sev- || freedom of the children in the British West
eral conditions or situations of life in which Indies, of two years, (say from ten to twelve
they may have been placed, and that it is only years old) would not probably exceed four hun-
about half a century that the injustice and dred thousand pounds; the next, and probably
horrors of the Slave system have so general- | the four or five succeeding years, each about
ly engaged the attention of the Public, it two hundred thousand pounds, after that pe-
must be allowed much is due to the present || riod, from some of the freed females becoming
Slave Proprietors: therefore it would be a no- mothers, the expense would annually decrease,
ble act of justice for Government immediately || till all slavery terminated. An additional
to purchase the freedom of all the Slave Chil- || impost duty on West India Sugar, making it
dren in its colonies, both Male and Female equal to the duty on East India Sugar, would
now of the age (say) from ten to twelve years, it is estimated, be more than ample to defray
and to continue to purchase the freedom of the expenses of such purchases.
every other slave child, on its attaining such Milford, 2 mo. 11th, 1828.
determined age, all at a fair relative value, to
be fixed by Commissioners appointed for that
special purpose, and, when so purchased, to
"ASYLUM FOR" TYRANTS.
be immediately apprenticed out by said com Strange, indeed, will it sound in the ears of an
missioners, to suitable Masters and Mistresses,|| European,--yet it is not more strange than true,
till they attain the age of twenty-one.
Such
that the most profligate and despotic oppressors
masters and mistresses, to be required to givell in the known world are now looking to this Re-
these apprentices a Christian Education, and
to send them to a place of worship on Sabbath | public, as a government the most congenial to
days.
their principles, and which will afford them the
By this plan (where no objection should ap- surest protection in the exercise of their usurpa-
pear to the Commissioners either from bar- tion anıl tyranny! The proud maxim, so long
barity or any other cause) they would proba-l inscribed on the front of our national banner--
bly be induced to apprentice the same chil-
dren to their original proprietors, which might|| if not superseded by, must now be coupled with,
an assylum for the oppressed of all nations”-
generally be returning them back into their
own families, but in a better and more pro-| the words that stand at the head of this article!!
tected character, and affording the original | Alas, for the inconsistency of poor human na-
proprietor the advantage of free, over slaveture! A shame and a curse attends the generation
labor.
that supports a system of such unparrallelled
The Commissioners, in fixing the price of hypocrisy!
the Slave Children, should be governed by the
intrinsic value of each when presented, which
We have various accounts from the island of
would make it the interest of the slave pro- ||Jamacai, and other West India colonies, which
prietors to foster and encourage their nursing || leave no doubt on the minds of intelligent per-
mothers and care takers, to bring their chil- | sons, that the period of a general emancipation
dren to market in the best possible condition, of the slave holding population is drawing near.
and thereby abate some of the severity of fe- Since the late rebellion in Jamaica, the urgent
male labor.
entreaties of the philanthropists of England, and
By adopting this plan, we may not only an-
ticipate, in a few years, the rearing up in our
the stubborn refusal of the colonial authorities
colonies of a useful and enlightened order of to comply with the requisitions of the parent
society, with habits of life congenial to the government, have roused the dormant energies
comforts and happiness of a Christian com- of the British Ministry, and a determined reso-
munity, many of whom would, doubtless,lution has been formed to compel the colonists to
manunit by purchase their relatives and || abandon the horrid system of cruelty so long
friends; but also bring within human calcula-
tion the day when Slavery would be totally practised by them, and to adopt a plan for the
extinguished in those colonies.
cultivation of their lands by free labor. As we
Carrying into effect these benevolent views, might naturally expect, this has given great of-
would afford the Parent Slaves much consola-| fence to the corrupt enslavers of the colored
tion, from knowing that their children were population ; and they are loud in their com-
to be made partakers of the blessings of free- || plaints and denunciations of the British philau-
*Verified by the reluctance of the colonial assem- | thropists and statesmen.
Several statements
blies to adopi the recommendations of the British || have appeared in the newspapers of late, relative
Government.
66
bez
erului
chana
8
self


210
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
SENTIMENTS IN NORTH CAROLINA.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
to the intention of many planters to remove to
the United States, where, they suppose they will
A few months since, an excellent Address was
be able to hold their slave “property,” without delivered before the youth of the University of
molestation, and pursue the same measures of
North Carolina, by a young gentleman of the
grinding oppression that they have been accus-
name of Gaston. The high merit of the pro-
tomed to. A southern paper, of recent date, || duction has elicited the warmest eulogiums even
has this paragraph:
of the southern Press, although it contains the
-We learn that a considerable number of the most
wealthy inhabitants of Jamaica have determined to
most pointed denunciations of the systen of
abandon that island, and remore to the United States. | Slavery. A Charleston paper speaks of it in
The British Colonial system, alias, the "American terms of the most unqualified praise : and the
system" of England and the condition of the slave
population-have reduced estates to one tenth the Baltimore Patriot introduces it thus:--
value they once possessed."
Mr. Gaston, in his excellent Address to the Youth
And a New-York paper contained the follow- of the University of North Carolina, holds this lan-
guage:
ing article, a short time since :--
“On you will devolve the duty which has been too
“ Ex officio informations have been filed against the long neglected, but which cannot with impunity be
editor of the Bahama Argus, for a libel on the Gov- | neglected much longer, of providing for the mitiga-
ernor. He has been condemned to imprisonnient by | tion, and (is it too much to hope for in North Car;
a Jury composed of black and white men; and there | olina?) for the ultimate extirpation of the worst evil
are no less than five other prosecutions of a similar that afflicts the Southern part of our confederacy:-
kind hanging over his head, as well as two, each, over|| Full well do you know to what I refer, for on this
nine individuals on the island.
subject there is with all of us, a morbid sensitiveness
"In the island of Dominica the same mode of pro- which gives warning even of an approach to it. Dis-
cedure has been resorted to by the Governor, against guise the truth as we may, and throw the blame where
individuals there.
we will, it is Slavery which, more than any other
“In the island of St. Lucia distraction prevailed, cause, keeps us back in the career of improvement.-,
amounting almost to civil war. Business was entire. It stilles industry, and represses enterprise-itis fatal
ly suspended; the merchants and shop keepers refu.
to economy and providence-it discourages skill-im-
sed to open their shops; the Governor laid an en bar- 1 pairs our strength as a community, and poisons mor-
go on all vessels in port, and caused some individuals | als at the fountain head. How this evil is to be en-
to be arrested because they had written to Martinique countered, how subdued, is indeed a difficult and del-
that a draft on the Government in England, which he llicate enquiry, which this is not the time to examine,
had sent thither for the purchase of provisions, would nor the occasion to discuss. I felt, however, that I
not be accepted, and in consequence of which the could not discharge my duty without referring to this
Governor of Martinique refused to cash the bill or subject, as one which ought to engage the prudence,
suffer provisions to be shipped. The Governor then || moderation, and firmness of those who, sooner or la-
issued a proclamation commanding the inhabitants ter, must act decisively upon it."
to open their shops, which they naturally disregarded.
Matters, it would seem, were proceeding to extrem-
ities; for the papers say that cannon were planted in
" SLAVERY AND THE PRESS."
such a position as to command the town, when some
orders from England induced the Governor to re-
Would that we had a few more as clear-sighted
tract, and for the moment nothing serious ensued.
**The sole cause of all this dissatisfaction and dis- || editors as the gentleman who conducts the Ver.
content, is the orders transmitted from England, in mont Telegraph.” Then should we soon witness
regard to the slave population. The orders on the
a change in public opinion that would eventual-
same subject, from France, have also caused no little
discontent and distress in Martinique and Gauda || ly seal the death-warrant for the demon of Afri.
loupe.”
can oppression in these states. This is his lan-
From what we see here stated, it is easy to guage.- Professors of Religion! read and reflect.
conjecture--that West India Slavery is near “A few weeks since we had the gratifica-
ly at an end; that a considerable accession to tion of seeing in the columns of that valuable
the number of slaveites, in this country, may| paper, the New-York Evangelist, a depart-
soon be expected from thence; and that our ment especially devoted to the subject of sla-
"free" government will, in all probability, be very; and from the character of the pieces in-
the last abode of the demon spirit of African oppresserted we believed the editor to have taken
a decided and Christian stand against this
sion in the western hemisphere. How long the
great national sin. This department of the
gorgon monster shall find a resting place in this
paper, especially a certain article from a New
and of light and liberty,” and what oceans of|| Bedford, (Mass.) paper, as the proprietor in-
innocent blood must flow to satiate his hellish) forins us, has been the subject of much com-
thirst, is a part of the tale which remains to be plaint from their southern friends and subscri-
told.
bers. Accordingly, instead of a “Slavery
We have some accounts of proceedings in the Department,” we find in the last Evangelist
British Parliament, also sundry addresses, reso- || the expediency of entire silence on the subject
letters from southern correspondents, arguing
lations, &c. &c., adopted by the Anti-slavery | of slavery. Silence on the subject of slavery!
Societies, which are very interesting; but their If ever there was a sin that made it the duty
insertion must be postponed until the publication of all Christian people, and all Christian ed.
of our next paper.
itors, to speak out, in a tone of remonstrance


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
211
Ja
0
Scau
ence
T-
It
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cæluin.
that should be heard, it is the sin of holding MATTERS WORTHY OF RECORD,
slaves. What doctrine is this, that the peo The editor of the New York American,
ple of the north must be silent with regard to
a system of crime and guilt, the most fearfully | speaking of the late Southampton Slave
heinous the civilized world has ever known, Insurrection, very emphatically says:
and in which, by our connection with the south, “We detest slavery-we have striven, and
we are in some measure participators? “Let ever shall strive, against its extension in these
us at the south,” says the correspondent of the United States: but, where it exists, and
Evangelist, “manage this subject. Let me without any fault of those who are cursed with
beg of you to remain silent." And how do it, we would go to the utmost length to sustain
“they at the south” manage the subject? The the rights and safety of those whom circuw-
absolute silence of all their papers, in refer-stances have placed in the relation of mas-
to the criminality of slavery, answers.ters. Such too is, we are sure, the feeling of
The extreme and increasing rigor of their all sound thinking men in the free states; and
slave laws answers. The degradation, and upon the slightest intimation that they are re-
ignorance, and viciousness, and wretchedness quired, arms, money, men, will be poured
of the suffering blacks answer. The late | forth in profusion for the defence of our
alarming insurrections and the horrible exe- || southern brethren.
cutions that have followed, tell how they at the Let them not doubt this. Would to God
south manage the subject of slavery.
the infatuated beings who have thus broken
Our religious papers are indeed almost all out in mad revolt, that must issue in such
astonishingly silent on this subject. The In- bloody retribution upon themselves, could be
dian question may be meddled with, sabbath made equally sensible, that in such a cause,
mails may be protested against, intemperance the whole white population of the Union is
may be denounced, the morals of the nation banded against them.
may be guarded with a jealous eye, but slavery
Nothing more is here proposed than what
-touch not that! We have within a few
our Constitution and laws would authorize
months seen a southern state trampling on
some of the rights of a few Indian tribes, and and enjoin.-But will this editor as freely ex-
sending their missionaries to prison, and theert himself to prevent such acts, by the adop-
religious press is at once arrayed against the tion of pacific measures,
to punish their
oppressors, and treats them with a severity
which Garrison never exceeded in his denun-
authors, by violent means,
when committed?
ciations of slavery. And yet this severity Will he not reflectia little, and see that all
in reference to Indian oppression is all very those who support the slave holding system
proper, but “Garrison is a madman!”. What,||(and he himself supports it) are in “fault”?
we would ask, is the expatriation of a few
tribes, in comparison with the perpetual bond- || That system may be peaceably abolished; and
age of more than two millions of human beings? | this would obviate all the difficulty apprehend-
Instead of fixing the guilt of slavery whereed with respect to it.
it ought to lie, at the door of its supporters
and apologists, we often notice in our religious Iclusively by the African Colonization plan?-
But how shall this be accomplished?-Ex
papers assertions that the people of the south
have the curse entailed upon them, and would | Never! Our statesmen and intelligence-mon-
gladly be rid of their slaves if they could. Itgers must, therefore, look to some other sour-
is all a farce. The slave-holders, AS A BODY,
ces for the requisite means. It is the es.
do not wish to be rid of their slaves. They
make no provision for their emancipation, ei-pecial duty of editors to inform themselves,
ther now or at any future time. They ex-||and acquaint the public with every thing that
press no such intention, they have no such in- || will be interesting on that point. It is sick.
tention. And the people of the north, by their ſening to hear the language now used by some
criminal silence, are countenancing it all.
Never, never, until the press can be brought to of them. We do not here allude to the
bear on the point, and fasten the charge of guilt “American.”) The conductors of the “Bos-
upon the system of slave-holding, can there beton Courier,” N. York “Commercial Adverti-
a hope for the reformation of the evil. It is ser," and many other papers of high reputa-
indeed mortifying to compare the apathy of
American Christians on this subject with the tion, speak of that as the only method of
decision and perseverance of our English breth-effecting the object!—"Blind guides,” indeed,
ren. They neither palliate the crime of slave are these!
holding, nor acknowledge any of its absurd
claims. If we had here a few such publications
MOVEMENTS IN VIRGINIA,
as the London New Baptist Miscellany, to
speak and to speak loudly on this subject, our
The Wheeling Gasette, of Aug. 25th, contains
Christian slave-holders would soon find upon
a Memorial to the Legislature, urging the abo-
what ground they stand.”
lition of slavery in that State, or, at least, in the
12
103
a
L
e


212
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælun.
ness.
western part of it. This Memorial is well writ-|| scripts. James Eliza John Capitein, an Afri-
ten It shall appear in our next number. can, was carried as a slave to Holland, wbere
he acquired several learned languages, and took
degrees in theology at the University of Leyden.
From the Liberator. He was sent out as a Calvanistic minister to
Guinea. Ignatius Sancho (listinguished himself
A SONG TO THE SAD ONE.
as a literary character in England, died 1780,--
By a Lady.
Thomas Fuller, an African, who, although una-
| will sing—but to whom shall my numbers be ble to read or write, performed difficult arithmet-
poured ?
ical calculations with amazing facility. Belin-
To the happy? the honored? the brave?
da, after being a slave for forty years in Massa-
To the phantom of beauty, by thousands adored? chusetts, addressed, in 1782, an eloquent petition
No-l'll sing to the poor, tettered slave.
to the Legislature of that state, for the freedom
Behold him in sadness and bending with toil! of herself and daughter. The petition has been
He burdens the air with his sigh;
preserved in one of the volumes of the American
His sweat and his tears are bedewing the soil Museum. Othello published, in 1784, at Balti-
He has not a hope but to die.
more, an eloquent essay against the slavery of
And life is to him but a wearisome way,
Africans.
In darkness and bitterness trod,
While tyranny shuts from his bosom the ray
BRIEF NOTICES.
That beams from the Volume of God,
Cuba.-An order has been issued by the Captain
He knows not the promise so sweetly revealed General of the island of Cuba, probibiting the intro-
For those who in sorrow may sow -
duction of free persons of color. All vessels bring.
That he may lay open his wounds to be healed ing such, as passengers or otherwise, will be compel.
By one who has balın for each woe.
led to take them away, and not only support them,
but a guard also, during their stay in any of the ports
The image of Christ is withheld from his sight; of Cuba.
In none does that beauty appear,
Introduction of Slaves.—The Georgian informs us
Where power and compassion and meekness unite that the laws of tke state against the introduction of
The Name is blasphemed in his ear.
slaves for the purpose of speculation, are evaded by
So, I will go out from the world and its mirth,
the parties closing the transaction, and transferring
the bill of sale on the other side of the river, when the
Whose brightness will soon become dim;
I'll sit down by him who is crushed to the earth,
new purchaser of course legally introduces his pur.
And cheer up his heart with a hynn.
chase as his own property. This is a regular busi-
l'll bid bim look up where his cheek may be dried
The Lexington, Va. “Union of the 28th July
In the light of eternity's Sun;-
says:—"The Hon. Gabriel S. Moore, late Governor
Where the veil of the flesh tbrown forever aside, of Alabama, Senator in Congress, &c., passed thro'
The black and the white shall be one.
this place on Monday last, returning to his residence
and constituents. He travelled with great republi.
I'll tell him the stripes he is suffering here
can simplicity and equality. No glittering equipage;
Are marked in a record on bigh,
no show of circumstances to indicate his high estate-
Against their rash giver, as fire, to appear
but rode in a common waggon, drawn by four good-
When the chains of the slave are cast by.
ly steeds and driven by a black servant. The Hon.
I'll teach bim the prayer of forgiveness and love,
Senator was accompanied in this vehicle by a NE-
GRO'WOMAN and two or three mulatto children.”
Of Him who in anguish below,
Foresaw the dread dealings of Justice above,
And prayed for his murderous foe.
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION
Yes, I will go out where in sadness he gropes,
GENIUS
UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Benighted his weary life-long,
To kindle his desolate heart with new hopes,
The work will, henceforth, be issued monthly. It
And put in his mouth a new song.
will be neatly printed on fine paper, and folded in the
octavo form, each number making sixteen large pages.
Newburyport.
H. F. G.
The price of subscription will be One Dollar per
annum, always to be paid in advance.
CAPACITY OF BLACKS.
Subscribers who do not particularly specify the
time they wish to receive the work, or notify the Ed-
A number of instances are cited of celebrated itor of a desire to discontinue it before the expiration
black men who have distinguished themselves, of each current year, will be considered as engaged
notwithstanding every disadvantage. Among|| for the next succeeding one, and their bills will be
them are: Hannibal, an African, who rose to the forwarded accordingly.
rank of lieutenant-general in the Russian corps
Agents will be entitled to six copies for every five
of Artillery. Francis Williams, a black, born 1 dollars remitted to the Editor, in current money of
in Jamaica, was educated in the University of
Cambridge. After his return to Jamaica, hefice, must be addressed, free of expense, to BENJA-
All letters and communications intended for this of.
taught Latin and the Mathematics. Anthony MIN LUNDY, Washington, D.C.
'Williams Amo, born at Guinea, took the degree
of Doctor in Philosophy at the University of CONTENTS OF THIS ADDENDA.
Wittemburg, and distinguished himself in met The editor to his patrons; Mexico-Texas–Colo-
aphysics; he was also skilled in the learned nization, page 205, 206. Texas independent; More
languages. Job Ben Solomon, son of the Ma Independence,” 207. _Purchase of slaves-Again,
208.
honetan king of Banda, was taken in 1730, and
« Assylum for” Tyrants, 209. Sentiments in
sold in Maryland. He found his way to Eng-| worthy of Record; Movements in Virginia, 211.
N. Carolina; Slavery and the press, 210. Matters
A
land, and became acquainted with Sir Hanse
Sloane, for whom he translated Arabic manu- tices; Terms of subscription, 212.
song to the sad one; Capacity of blacks; Brief No-
TO THE
OF


O.
.
Carpent
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
EDITED BY B. LUNDY--PUBLISHED IN WASHINGTON AND BALTIMORE-$1.00 PER ANN.
"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, and endowed by their Creator with certain
inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."--Declaration of Independence, U.S.
Supplement to No. 12, Volume XII.
WILBERFORCE SETTLEMENT, U. C.
yeomanry renovate the famished soil of the "
ge-
Late advices from this Settlement inform us, nerous south," and her“ desert wastes” shall exhi-
that Mr. Israel Lewis, the former agent of the bit the verdant bloom which the Author of Na-
Colony, has resigned, and that the Board of Trus ture designed they should wear,
tees are appointed ho kev. James S.ARPE, ús
Agent, to fill the yacancy.
THE REV. GEORGE BOURNE.
Mr. Sharpe, we are further informed, is now on We rejoice to find that this veteran in the
a tour making collections in aid of this important cause of African emancipation is again in the
settlement. We trust the hearts of all friends field. His labors in Virginia, many years since,
to the persecuted colored race—the heart of every | procured for him the most bitter persecutions,
philanthropist-will be opened to his appeals in || from the advocates of slavery, among whom were
favor of this effort to form a resting place, a"city of classed a large number of his Presbyterian bre-
refuge,” for this people, where they may till their || thren. One of the most respectable clergymen of
own lands, and partake of the fruits of their la- || that sect, in Ohio, recently informed the writer of
bor, in peace and in quietness---and where also this article, that he once stood alone in his favor,
they may enjoy every privilege which is the in- when Bourne was called before an ecclesiastical
herent right of all men, whatever may be the co- || council, under a charge of heresy in combatting
lor of their skin.
the sin of slaveholding. He was condemned;
(as was the apostle of emancipation, Benjamin
THE UNITED STATES' TELEGRAPH." Lay, at an early period, by the Quakers ;) and so
It seems that the celebrated Duff Green has relentless were his persecutors, that he was com.
not much improved, in a moral point of view, al- || pelled to leave the southern states. Until very
though the screws of modern political “reform" || lately, he has since resided in Canada ; but he is
have been applied to him. In a late number of now at the editorial desk in New York, and pub..
his paper, the U. S. Telegraph, he devotes seve lishes a very spirited journal, entitled “ The Proa
ral columns to the subject of African Enanci sa- || tes
testant.” We have nothing to say about his reli-
tion, in which he strenuously advocates the prin- i gious sentiments; but his remarks, on the sub-
ciple and practice of slavery. Unfortunately for ject of slavery, bear the impress of a strong and
this dismantled priest, and lame-duck politician, vigorous mind, and the clearest perception of rea-
he takes up the pe
to plead for African tyranny, son and justice. May he be as fortunate as the
when his influence is waning, and “the sceptre patriarch, Lay, who lived to witness the abolition
hath departed from Judas.” (The quotation of slavery by that society which almost unanimously
may not be literal, but it reads well enough here.) condemned him for advocating it! Already have
When he published his pamphlet, in Missouri, | the western Presbyterians taken strong ground,
to prove the legality of slavery, FROM THE SCRIP Some of their ablest clergymen and lay members
TURES! the sacerdotal robe had fallen from his are marshalling under the holy ensign raised by
shoulders, and if our information be correct, his the philanthropist, Bourne. They have vowed,
Baptist brethren had placed another in the pulpit before high Heaven, to prosecute the sacred work
which he had previously occupied. So with his to its consummation. That they will succeed is
political friends at present. They have discard- | absolutely certain. And may Heaven, in mercy,
ed him from their councils.--None have confi- | hasten the glorious period.
dence in one so unprincipled-so lost to christiani We understand that Bourne's celebrated work,
ty, republicanism, and even the feelings of hu- | entitled “ The Book and Slavery Irreconcilable,” is
manity. Believing that little harm can.result about to be reprinted. It should be in the hands
from his efforts to thwart our purposes, we shall of every religious professor, at least, in the slave-
devote but a small space to a notice of the stand || holding section of the United States and the West
he has taken. Indeed the slavites of this nation, | Indies. It will, doubtless, be extensively patron-
of every grade--whether in the seat of power or ised.
out of it-might as well essay to blow out the
EVILS OF THE ACCURSED SYSTEM."},
sunlight, as to extinguish the rays of moral and
political reformation that are now penetrating the We find the following pertinent article in the
darkness of their despotism. Slavery must go Boston Daily Advocate. The Florence (Al.) Ga-
down.---And then shall a free and industrious | zette designates the overseer as “an upright man


GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
203
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
slaveholder; and hence his theory was head and the heart of the writer. Mine,
better than his practice. It is apparent, on the subject of the slavery of negroes,
moreover, that he had clearer views of have long since been in possession of the
the impolicy of the slave-system, than of public, and time has only served to give
its guilt. But he never dishonored his them stronger root. The love of justice
judgement, or perverted his good sense, by and the love of country plead equally the
attempting to prove the lawfulness of hold cause of these people, and it is a moral
ing the colored race in bondage. He ne- reproach to us that they should have
yer, as many professors of religion have pleaded it so long in vain, and should
shamelessly done, arrayed texts of scrip. have produced not a single effort, nay I
ture in support of cruelty, robbery and op- fear not much serious willingness, to re-
pression. While he seemed inclined to lieve them and ourselves from our present
the vulgar opinion, that the blacks were condition of moral and political reproba-
intellectually inferior to the whites, he did tion. From those of a former generation,
not draw the impious conclusion that who were in the fulness of age when I
they were made to be hewers of wood and came into public life, which was while
drawers of water to their superiors. He our controversy with England was on
frankly admitted that slavery was inde-paper only, I soon saw that nothing was
fensible ; that its existence was disgrace-to be hoped. Nursed and educated in the
ful and dangerous to the nation; and daily habit of seeing the degraded condi-
that strenuous efforts ought to be made tion, both bodily and mental, of those un.
for its extirpation. On this subject, he e-fortunate beings, not reflecting that that
vinced more sympathetic feeling and moral | degradation was very much the work of
courage, than all the other Presidents of themselves and their fathers, few minds
the United States have manifested col-had yet doubted but that they were as le-
lectively.
gitimate subjects of property as their
There are three capital errors in the fol- || horses or cattle. The quiet and mono-
lowing Letter. 1. Jefferson proposes the tonous course of colonial life had been dis-
* emancipation of those born after a cer- turbed by no alarm, and little reflection on
tain day,' but evidently gives over the pa- the value of liberty; and when alarm was
rents of these children to remediless bond-taken at an enterprize on their own, it
age. But the compassion of the nation was not easy to carry them the whole
should embrace both parents and children, length of the principles which they invok-
and break those galling fetters whiched for themselves. In the first or se-
bind the present generation, as well as cond session of the Legislature, after I be-
those which are forged for the limbs of the came a member, I drew to this subject the
hext. 2. His plan is to expatriate as fast | attention of Col. Bland, one of the oldest,
as we emancipate the slaves; but this must | ablest, and most respected members, and
tend only to impoverish the south by with-||he undertook to move for certain mode-
drawing an able-bodied and really valuable rate extensions of :he protection of the
population, and cannot be consummated || laws to these people. [seconded his mo-
without great injustice and expense. 3. tion, and, as a younger member, was
He objects to immediate abolition, thereby more spared in the debate : but he was
disregarding the immutable principles of denounced as an enemy to his country,
justice which admit of no compromise with and was treated with the grossest indeco.
fraud and cruelty. If, instead of urging rum. From an early stage of our revo-
his friend still to remain a slaveholder, he lution, other and more distant duties were
had encouraged him to follow the dictates assigned me, so that from that time till
of his conscience, and employ,his slaves as my return from Europe in 1789, and I
free laborers, how much wiser and better may say, till I returned to reside at home
would have been his advice; and if Jeffer- in 1809, I had little opportunity of know-
son himself had manumitted his own ing the progress of public sentment here,
slaves for conscience sake, what an all-on this subject. I had always hoped that
conquering influence must have ever at the younger generation, receiving their
tended his illustrious example !
early impressions after the flame of liberty
MONTICELLO, Aug. 25, -14. had been kindled in every breast, and had
DEAR SIR-Your favor of July 31, was become, as it were, the vital spirit of eve-
duly received, and was read with pecu- | ry American, that the generous tempera-
liar pleasure. The sentiments breathed ment of youth, analogous to the motion of
through the whole do honor to both the their blood, and above the suggestions of


204
GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.
Fiat Justitia Ruat Cælum.
avarice, would have sympathised with or- No. I have overlived the generation
pression wherever found, and proved their with which mutual labors and perils be-
love of liberty beyond their own share of got mutual confidence and influence.-
it. But my intercourse with them, since This enterprise is for the young ; for those
my return, has not been sufficient to ascer- || who can follow it up and bear it through
tain that they had made towards this point to its consummation. It shall have all
the progress I had hoped. Your solitary my prayers, and these are the only wea-
but welcome voice is the first which has pons of an old man. But in the mean
brought this sound to my ear; and I time, are you right in abandoning this
have considered the general silence which property, and your country with it? I
prevails on this subject as indicating an think not. My opinion has ever been
apathy unfavorable to every hope. Yet that, until more can be done for them, we
the hour of emancipation is advancing in should endeavor, with those whom for-
the march of time. It will come; and, tune has thrown on our hands, to feed
whether brought on by the generous en- and clothe them well, protect them from
ergy of our own minds, or by the bloody | ill usage, require such reasonable labor
process of St. Domingo, excited and con. only as is performed voluntarily by free-
ducted by the power of our present ene men, and be led by no repugnancies to ab-
my, if once stationed permanently within | dicate them and our duties to them. The
our country and offering asylum and arms laws do not permit us to turn them loose,
to the oppressed, is a leaf of our history | if that were for their good ; and to com-
not yet turned over.
mute them for other property is to com-
As to the method by which this diffi- mit them to those whose usage of them
cult work is to be effected, if permitted to we cannoi control. I hope then, my dear
be done by ourselves, I have seen no pro- sir, you will reconcile yourself to your
position so expedient on the whole, as country and its unfortunate condition
;
that of emancipation of those born after a that you will not lessen its stock of sound
certain day, and of their education and disposition by withdrawing your portion
expatriation at a proper age. This would from the mass; that, on the contrary,
give time for a gradual extinction of that you will come forward in the public coun-
species of labor and substitution of ano-cils, insinuate and inculcate it, softly but
ther, and lessen the severity of the shocksteadily, through the medium of writing
which an operation so fundamental ne- and conversation, associate others in your
ver fails to produce. The idea of eman- labors, and when the phalanx is formed,
cipating the whole at once, the old as bring on and press the proposition perse.
well as the young, and retaining them veringly until its accomplishment. It is
here, is of those only who have not an encouraging observation that no goo
the guide of either knowledge or experi- measure was ever proposed, which, 11
ence of the subject. For men, probably duly pursued, failed to prevail in the end.
of any color, but of this color we know, We have proof of this in the history of
brought up from their infancy without the endeavors of the British Parliament
necessity, forethought or forecast, are by to suppress that very trade, which brought
their habits rendered as incapable as chil- | this evil on us; and you will be suppori-
dren of taking care of themselves, and are ed by the religious precept 'be not wea-
extinguished promptly whenever industry ried in well doing.' That your success
is necessary for raising the young. [?] In may be as speedy and complete, as it will
the mean time, they are pests in society be of honorable and immortal consolation
by their idleness and the depredations to to yourself, I shall as fervently and sin-
which this leads them. Their amalga- cerely pray, as I assure you of my great
mation with the other color produces a | friendship and respect.
degradation to which no lover of his coun-
Th. JEFFERSON.
try--no lever of excellence in the human
character--can innocently consent.
ERRATA. A vexatious error occurrerl in a par
I am sensible of the partialities with of our impression for May, through an oversight.
which you have looked towards me, as
in correcting the proof. In the introductory re-
marks to Mr. Nat. Field's letter to certain citizens
the person who should undertake this of S. Carolina, the term “ Virginia Society of S.
salutary but arduous work. But this, my || C.," is used for “ Vigilance Society,” &c. As,
dear sir, is like bidding old Priam to I however, the term is afterwards correctly used, it
buckle the armor of Hector “trementibus that the title, “ Virginia society," was an error of
must have been apparent to every careful reader
ævo humeris et inutile ferrum cingi.'-- || the press.