# ent

id: cord-280691-nzc8ir0n
type: ORG
entity:
  the General Office of the State Council Ministry of Science and Technology the Ministry of Public Health


id: cord-016078-1g39jebq
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  Berlin Rep 86 B Rep 86 A Münster 12 3 1945 MPG Archive Dept I Rep 1 A Ni 2400 Von der Rassenhygiene zur Humangenetik In 1944 Bühler


id: cord-016078-1g39jebq
type: GGP
entity:
  Couldn t money be saved But where Everything I have is still so meager and yet so much money It embarrasses me And if anything is to come of it this is only the beginning 90 Conti s interest in tuberculosis research is easy to understand But here the thesis will be advanced that Conti was interested by no means only in genetic


id: cord-016078-1g39jebq
type: GGP
entity:
  Egyptologist Hermann Grapow 1885 1967 thus proposed to the Prussian Academy of Sciences the establishment of an interdisciplinary research commission on White Africa In their proposal the three scholars urged for haste for after the war the development of the Sahara areas


id: cord-016078-1g39jebq
type: ORG
entity:
  the Inspection of the Personnel Controlling of the Army Army Psychology Inspektion des Personalprüfwesens des Heeres Heerespsychologie


id: cord-318803-xpa49sxt
type: EVENT
entity:
  Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom Defense Intelligence Agency Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Agency Medical


id: cord-318803-xpa49sxt
type: ORG
entity:
  USAMRIID s Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook Preparing for an Era of Weapons Of Mass Destruction WMD


# bib

id: cord-007049-02p8ug67
author: McGeer, Allison
date: 2004-07-15
txt: ./txt/cord-007049-02p8ug67.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-007049-02p8ug67.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7107923/
doi: 10.1086/421784
abstract: nan
summary:
  In June 2003, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) surveyed members of the Infectious Disease Society of America Emerging Infections Network (EIN) about SARS preparedness in their hospitals. Of the 456 EIN members responding to the survey in this issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases [2] , 381 (83%) reported that patients with respiratory symptoms in their emergency department (ED) would be screened for a travel history. A careful assessment of exposures in SARS outbreaks, particularly those due to superspreading events and transmission despite compliance with isolation precautions, is needed to determine whether airborne spread occurs [10, [13] [14] [15] . At least 2 analyses of risks associated with health care worker infection despite the use of precautions now identify that 12 h of infection-control training and confidence that precautions would be protective are associated with substantial reductions in the risk of infection (Toronto SARS hospital investigation, unpublished data; Lau et al. Hospital preparedness for severe acute respiratory syndrome in the United States: views from a national survey of infectious diseases consultants

title:
  Let Him Who Desires Peace Prepare for War: United States Hospitals and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Preparedness


id: cord-012331-i6x19z1s
title: Love and Realism
author: Lemmens, Pieter
date: 2015-10-17
txt: ./txt/cord-012331-i6x19z1s.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-012331-i6x19z1s.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5442233/
doi: 10.1007/s10699-015-9471-6
summary:
  Milberry concludes her response with a remarkably idealist critique of my proposal for a pharmacological (re)appropriation and redesign of our digital milieu, arguing that this should be preceded by a change in our ''social values and mores'' towards more ''love'', thereby apparently disregarding the ruining effects on self-love and the affective capacities of individuals in general of the omnipresent apparatuses of libidinal capture and exploitation that hegemonically constitute the current ''sociotechnical foundation of contemporary life'' under capitalist conditions (Stiegler 2009; Berardi 2009 ).

abstract:
  In this reply I try to show that, contrary to Milberry’s apparent assertion, the general intellect of the multitude does not have the explanatory robustness she accredits to it (following both Virno and the Hardt and Negri of the Empire trilogy). Digital network technologies are currently overwhelmingly effective in proletarianizing and disempowering the cognitariat and only an active technopolitics of deproletarianization could reverse this hegemonic situation. In my response to Verbeek, I attempt to correct his misinterpretation (shared by Milberry) of the Stieglerian approach as being dialectical in nature and show that, far from reinstating the humanist dichotomy between human beings and technologies, my analysis assumes their original, albeit fundamentally ambiguous and even ‘uncanny’ [unheimlich] interconnection. I conclude with pointing out some implications of this view for a ‘really realistic’ political theory of technology.


id: cord-013091-qbgwcbfu
author: Ni, Bin
date: 2020-09-17
txt: ./txt/cord-013091-qbgwcbfu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-013091-qbgwcbfu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7534313/
doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1817797
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: A newly found handbook for developing vaccines during World War II in China: the legacy of global responses to crises Almost completely unknown to the world scientific community, microbiologists in China had very formidable efforts in the development of vaccine and bioproducts in the early 1940s during the WWII. A recent discovery of a completely handwritten and high quality 105-page handbook of vaccine manual from two former researchers, late Professors Bin Ni and Bingqing Xu, brought back the direct evidence and the scope of vaccine work exactly 80 years ago in China during the WWII (Figure 1 ). The vaccine manual is now donated to the NMU history museum, Nanjing, China, by Profs Ni and Xu''s surviving children including the corresponding author of this paper. We can only hope the COVID-19 pandemic, no less damaging than a world war to some degree, will also stimulate the development of better vaccines to control the current and future emerging infections, just like what were accomplished after the WWII.

title:
  A newly found handbook for developing vaccines during World War II in China: the legacy of global responses to crises


id: cord-016078-1g39jebq
author: nan
date: 2008
txt: ./txt/cord-016078-1g39jebq.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-016078-1g39jebq.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120241/
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6600-9_5
summary:
  Third and finally, it was to be attempted to influence the outbreak of disease by environmental stimuli (poisons, chemicals, feeding), not least in order to be able to differentiate between a "general" and a "genetically increased" susceptibility, which, according to Fischer, was "of particular importance in view of the most modern methods of treating diseased humans." At the close of his application Fischer stated his conviction "that these theoretical and experimental studies will be of benefit to suffering humanity and serve the preservation of the genetic health of our Volk." Mentioning discreetly that the Reichsgesundheitsführer shared his views, Fischer guaranteed that he could "carry the full responsibility" for the importance of Nachtsheim''s research "even now at a time of war." When Nachtsheim started in Dahlem, he had at his disposition, as Fischer informed the DFG, a series of rabbit strains that exhibited genetic diseases or disabilities: These were "genetic epilepsy […], shaking palsies and other nervous diseases; glaucoma and other eye diseases; deformation of the limbs, the external sex organs (similar to those of humans), harelip and cleft palate and many others." 239 From Nachtsheim''s report to the German Research Association of January 14, 1941 -the first he submitted from his new position in Dahlem -proceed the work emphases of the group of scientists around Nachtsheim in 1940, that is, still at the Institute for Genetics and Breeding Research.

title:
  In the Realm of Opportunity: The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics during World War II, 1938/42–1945

abstract:
  On March 8, 1940, Eugen Fischer wrote a long, confidential letter to Otmar von Verschuer, director of the Institute for Genetic Biology and Race Hygiene at the University of Frankfurt at that time. In this letter Fischer expressed critique — and certainly also self-critique — about the scientific development of his institute since the mid-1930s.


id: cord-031734-5wnvuk2n
title: War surgery in Afghanistan: a model for mass causalities in terror attacks?
author: Wichlas, F.
date: 2020-09-11
txt: ./txt/cord-031734-5wnvuk2n.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-031734-5wnvuk2n.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7483489/
doi: 10.1007/s00264-020-04797-2
summary:
  PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to identify solution strategies from a non-governmental (NGO) hospital in a war region for violence-related injuries and to show how high-income countries (HIC) might benefit from this expertise. Apart from surgical wound care and debridements, which were performed on every wound in the operation theatre, laparotomy was the most common surgical procedure, followed by installation of a chest drainage and amputation. The lack of surgical experience might not be relevant as long as a hospital provides a specialist for every probable pathology, but in cases of a sudden high volume of causalities like in a terror attack or train accident, adequate treatment of the injured could get difficult [7, 8] . As much as medical standards in LIC and war zones lag behind, there might be a potential knowledge of primary injury treatment and basic surgical techniques, expectable injury patterns, and experience in dealing with mass causalities by fast decision-making.

abstract:
  PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to identify solution strategies from a non-governmental (NGO) hospital in a war region for violence-related injuries and to show how high-income countries (HIC) might benefit from this expertise. METHODS: NGO trauma hospital in Lashkar Gah, Afghanistan. Four hundred eighty-four war victims admitted in a three month period (February 2016–May 2016) were included. Patients´ characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age was 23.5 years. Four hundred thirty-four (89.9%) were male, and 50 (10.1%) were female. The most common cause of injury was bullet injuries, shell injuries, and mine injuries. The most common injured body region was the lower extremity, upper extremity, and the chest or the face. Apart from surgical wound care and debridements, which were performed on every wound in the operation theatre, laparotomy was the most common surgical procedure, followed by installation of a chest drainage and amputation. CONCLUSION: The surgical expertise and clear pathways outweigh modern infrastructure. In case of a mass casualty incident, fast decision-making with basic diagnostic means in order to take rapid measurements for life-saving therapies could make the difference. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00264-020-04797-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


id: cord-265996-97xxpe8m
author: Din, M.
date: 2020-10-13
txt: ./txt/cord-265996-97xxpe8m.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-265996-97xxpe8m.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.09.004
doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.09.004
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: Delays in polio vaccination programs due to COVID-19 in Pakistan: a major threat to Pakistan''s long war against polio virus Letter to the Editor Delays in polio vaccination programs due to COVID-19 in Pakistan: a major threat to Pakistan''s long war against polio virus The disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have devastating impact over vaccination programs around the globe especially in underdeveloped countries. 2 The immunization campaigns have been paused or delayed in various countries as the local health-care authorities are putting all their efforts to control coronavirus. The WHO is ready to resume the vaccination plans but as Pakistan is witnessing an increase in the number of COVID-19 cases, with the next few weeks crucial, the resumption of polio vaccination campaigns might be delayed. The health-care experts in Pakistan, agree to resume the polio vaccination campaigns, otherwise the COVID-19 would destroy all the progress being carried out in the last thirty years against the polio virus.

title:
  Delays in polio vaccination programs due to COVID-19 in Pakistan: a major threat to Pakistan''s long war against polio virus


id: cord-271810-7uzk4pi9
title: Humanistic Epidemiology: Love in the time of cholera, COVID-19 and other outbreaks
author: Soriano, Joan B.
date: 2020-04-25
txt: ./txt/cord-271810-7uzk4pi9.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-271810-7uzk4pi9.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32335765/
doi: 10.1007/s10654-020-00639-y
abstract: nan
summary:
  To date, I have seen residents choosing to stay longer after finishing a 24-h duty to try and save one more critically ill patient; auxiliary nurses improvising aprons and boots with trash bags, who, on finally receiving their space suits, posed for posterity like a football team, always with a ready smile (Fig. 1) ; residents in Neurology, Immunology or Pathology becoming Chest Medicine residents; medical students volunteering to learn the practicalities of lung mechanics and gas exchange; a Department Head creating a blog aimed at praising individuals for outstanding bravery and commitment; or I have been privileged to lead a small Think Tank including nurses, doctors, physicists, engineers and other friends who from Saturday March 14 have met on a daily basis to brainstorm initiatives by videoconference at 7 am, just before seeing patients or awakening their families.


id: cord-280691-nzc8ir0n
title: China’s “Gene War of the Century” and Its Aftermath: The Contest Goes On
author: Guo, Sun-Wei
date: 2013-08-30
txt: ./txt/cord-280691-nzc8ir0n.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-280691-nzc8ir0n.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32214463/
doi: 10.1007/s11024-013-9237-7
summary:
  Around 1997, and amid the talks of Hong Kong''s upcoming return to China and later the Asian financial crisis, a recurring topic in the Chinese media was the so-called ''''gene war of the century'''': the lopsided condemnation of foreign scientists coming purportedly to pilfer China''s vast genetic resources for a profit. Despite his repeated proclamation as a staunch and unwavering patriot loyal to his beloved motherland and dedicated to the advancement of China''s science and technology, he nonetheless later became embroiled in an avalanche of controversies surrounding the ''''gene war.'''' He effectively became a lightning rod for all the controversy on genetic resources, intellectual rights, informed consent, and the protection of human research subjects. (2) Chinese scientists should immediately grasp the opportunity to find disease genes and patent them; (3) We should educate the people, and raise the awareness and importance of protection of our genetic resources; (4) We welcome all international collaborations based on fairness and mutual benefits; (5) Through various avenues, the Chinese scientists should be vocal about certain views deemed to be harmful to China''s genetic research (Xiao et al.

abstract:
  Following the successful cloning of genes for mostly rare genetic diseases in the early 1990s, there was a nearly universal enthusiasm that similar approaches could be employed to hunt down genes predisposing people to complex diseases. Around 1996, several well-funded international gene-hunting teams, enticed by the low cost of collecting biological samples and China’s enormous population, and ushered in by some well-connected Chinese intermediaries, came to China to hunt down disease susceptibility genes. This alarmed and, in some cases, enraged many poorly funded Chinese scientists, who perceived them as formidable competitors. Some depicted foreign gene-hunters as greedy pilferers of the vast Chinese genetic gold mine, comparing it to the plundering of national treasures from China by invaders in the past, and called upon the government and their fellow countrymen to rise up and protect China’s genetic gold mine. Media uproar ensued, proclaiming the imminent “gene war of the century.” This article chronicles the key events surrounding this “war” and its aftermath, exposes some inherent complexities in identifying susceptibility genes for complex diseases, highlights some issues obscured or completely overlooked in the passionate and patriotic rhetoric, and debunks some misconceptions embedded in this conflict. In addition, it argues that during the entire course of this “war,” the public’s interest went conspicuously unmentioned. Finally, it articulates several lessons that can be learned from this conflict, and outlines challenges facing human genetics researchers.


id: cord-284477-3mspnc8q
title: Refugees besieged: The lurking threat of COVID-19 in Syrian war refugee camps
author: Kassem, Issmat I.
date: 2020-05-05
txt: ./txt/cord-284477-3mspnc8q.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-284477-3mspnc8q.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101736
doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101736
abstract: nan
summary:
  Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease requires that all authors sign a declaration of conflicting interests. For example, Lebanon, a country that hosts an estimated 1.5 million Syrian refugees (distributed in makeshift camps and other dwellings) is currently facing a very severe economic crisis, civil unrest (decreased after the pandemic), and a COVID-19 outbreak. In that regard, the UNCHR has appealed for urgent funding to combat COVID-19 in refugee camps, but the results of this initiative remain to be seen [5] . The health of refugees is intimately linked to that of their hosting communities and beyond, which is more reason to protect the camps from COVID-19. First report of the plasmid-borne colistin resistance gene (mcr-1) in Proteus mirabilis isolated from domestic and sewer waters in Syrian refugee camps coli isolated from domestic and sewer waters in Syrian refugee camps in Lebanon


id: cord-295223-5mlbup1i
author: Lakhdar, Fayçal
date: 2020-05-30
txt: ./txt/cord-295223-5mlbup1i.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-295223-5mlbup1i.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-020-04406-6
doi: 10.1007/s00701-020-04406-6
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: Letter: Neurosurgery at war with the COVID-19 pandemic: patient''s management from an African neurosurgical center Altogether, the number of neurosurgical departments in the whole country was reduced and their activity was restricted to emergencies and critically ill patients. Academic neurosurgery departments have to manage, in addition to urgent and emergent neurosurgical cases, public health concerns regarding disease transmission, and the safety of department staff. For emergent and urgent cases, a COVID-19 swab was routinely carried out, and surgical operations were performed under strict precautions to minimize exposure to the virus. Letter to the editor by Dobran Mauro, Paracino Riccardo, and Iacoangeli Maurizio regarding Neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: update from Lombardy, northern Italy The impact of COVID-19 on neurosurgeons and the strategy for triaging non-emergent operations: a global neurosurgery study Neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: update from Lombardy, northern Italy

title:
  Letter: Neurosurgery at war with the COVID-19 pandemic: patient’s management from an African neurosurgical center


id: cord-318803-xpa49sxt
author: McFee, Robin B.
date: 2008-05-31
txt: ./txt/cord-318803-xpa49sxt.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-318803-xpa49sxt.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18440371/
doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2008.02.002
abstract: nan
summary:
  From substance abuse, combat, infections, sexual abuse, and mental illness, troops about to be deployed to or returning from the Persian Gulf, as well as their families, face potentially significant medical, psychological and financial challenges. The following monograph describes and discusses many of the challenges our Persian Gulf troops will face in the hope it will better prepare civilian health care professionals provide appropriate services, address gaps in resources, promote collaboration between biomedical and psychosocial professional disciplines, and ultimately assist our patients to successfully reenter society. In the following sections we will discuss the changing nature of battlefield injuries and the impact on survivors and their families, the endemic illnesses of the Persian Gulf, approaches to PTSD and other threats to health, psychosocial issues, as well as emerging resources under development and yet to be realized for the care of our returning troops.

title:
  Gulf War Servicemen and Servicewomen: The Long Road Home and the Role of Health Care Professionals to Enhance the Troops'' Health and Healing


