id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
work_boozgdj73bcondhdysfmqig2tq	Richard Richards	Character Individuation in Phylogenetic Inference	2003	16	.pdf	application/pdf	6209	449	53	Character individuation is significant because biological systematics relies on a parsimony principle to determine phylogeny and classify taxa, and the parsimony principle is usually interpreted to favor the phylogenetic hypothesis that requires the fewest changes in the individuation of characters, and third, the implications of this inadequacy for phylogenetic inference. on the now standard approach to systematics, known as cladistics, characters are the "data" of phylogenetic inference. According to the parsimony principle, the best phylogenetic hypothesis is the one that requires the fewest evolutionary On the standard approach to phylogenetic inference, cladistics, both tasks are accomplished on the basis of the characters possessed by the organisms under individuate characters is certainly a problem for parsimony-based approaches to phylogenetic inference, since hypothesis evaluation depends conceivably count the same in parsimony considerations as a single, complex morphological character like "3 ear ossicles." The second problem is is most parsimonious depends not only on character individuation	./cache/work_boozgdj73bcondhdysfmqig2tq.pdf	./txt/work_boozgdj73bcondhdysfmqig2tq.txt